SVIMS, Batch 2010-11

Cyber Crime
Group No. 4

Roll No. Members

08 Aswita Shetty

17 Jervis Martis

22 Medha Shambhu

23 Mitesh Uchil

34 Prerna Jeswani

46 Savita Shetty

53 Tejashree Nayak
What is Cyber Space?
• Cyber space is a worldwide network of computers and the equipment
that connect them, which by its very design is free and open to the
public (the Internet).
• Cyberspace is the electronic medium of computer networks, in which
online communication takes place.
• We’ve become increasingly reliant on the net, and it is being used
right now to transfer everything from friendly emails to
hypersensitive data.
What is Cybercrime?

• Cybercrime refers to any crime that involves a computer and a

network, where the computers may or may not have played an
instrumental part in the commission of a crime.
• Issues surrounding this type of crime have become high-profile,
particularly those surrounding hacking, copyright infringement, child
pornography, child grooming, releasing of viruses, identity theft,
interception, access and manipulation of non public data and systems.
What is Cybercrime?
• Cybercrime encompasses a broad range of potentially illegal
activities. Generally, however, it may be divided into one of two
types of categories:
Why learn about CYBER CRIME ?
• Everybody is using COMPUTERS.

• From white collar criminals to terrorist organizations and from

teenagers to adults.
• Conventional crimes like forgery, extortion, kidnapping etc. are
being committed with the help off computers.
• New generation is growing up with computers.

• MOST IMPORTANT - monetary transactions are moving on to the

INTERNET
Types of Cybercrimes
 Hacking  Cyber defamation

 Denial of service attack  Threatening

 Virus dissemination  Salami attack

 Software piracy  Spam

 Pornography  Fraud

 IRC crime  Obscene or offensive content

 Credit card fraud  Drug trafficking

 Net extortion  Cyber terrorism

 Phishing  Cyber warfare

 Spoofing  Virus/worms

 Cyber stalking  Forgery

Hacking
• The act of gaining unauthorized access to a computer system or
network and in some cases making unauthorized use of this access.
• Hacking is also the act by which other forms of cyber-crime (e.g.,
fraud, terrorism, etc.) are committed.
• Hacking in simple terms means illegal intrusion into a computer
system without the permission of the computer owner/user.
Denial of service attack

• This is an act by the criminal, who floods the bandwidth of the

victim’s network or fills his e-mail box with spam mail depriving him
of the services he is entitled to access or provide.
• This involves flooding computer resources with more requests than it
can handle. This causes the resources to crash thereby denying
authorized users the service offered by the resources.
Virus dissemination

• Malicious software that attaches itself to other software.

• Eg. - Virus, worms, Trojan Horse, Time bomb, Logic Bomb, Rabbit and
Bacterium are the malicious software’s

 
Software piracy
• Software piracy is theft of software through the illegal copying of
genuine programs or the counterfeiting and distribution of products
intended to pass for the original.
• Retail revenue losses worldwide are ever increasing due to this
crime.
• Piracy can be done in various ways such as end user copying, hard
disk loading, Counterfeiting, Illegal downloads from the internet etc.
Pornography

• Pornography is the first consistently successful e-commerce product.

• Pornography has deceptive marketing tactics and mouse trapping

technologies which encourages customers to access their websites.
• Anybody including children can log on to the internet and access
websites with pornographic contents with a click of a mouse.
• Publishing, transmitting any material in electronic form which is
lascivious or appeals to the prurient interest is an offence under the
provisions of section 67 of I.T. Act -2000.
IRC crimes

• Internet Relay Chat (IRC) servers have chat rooms in which people
from anywhere the world can come together and chat with each other
Criminals use it for meeting co-conspirators.
• Hackers use it for discussing their exploits / sharing the technique.
Paedophiles use chat rooms to allure small children.
Credit card fraud

• Credit card fraud is a wide-ranging term for theft and fraud

committed using a credit card or any similar payment mechanism as
a fraudulent source of funds in a transaction.
• If electronic transactions are not secured the credit card numbers can
be stolen by the hackers who can misuse this card by impersonating
the credit card owner.
Net extortion

• Copying the company’s confidential data in order to extort said

company for huge amount.
Phishing

• In computing, phishing is the criminally fraudulent process of

attempting to acquire sensitive information such as usernames,
password and credit card details, by masquerading as a trustworthy
entity in an electronic communication.
Spoofing
• The process of deception by which an individual or system alters its
identity or creates additional identities, thereby causing another
person or system to act incorrectly.
• Getting one computer on a network to pretend to have the identity of
another computer, usually one with special access privileges, so as to
obtain access to the other computers on the network.
Cyber stalking

• Stalking in General terms can be referred to as the repeated acts of

harassment targeting the victim such as following the victim, making

harassing phone calls, killing the victims pet, vandalizing victims
property, leaving written messages or objects.

• Cyber Stalking can be defined as the repeated acts of harassment or

threatening behaviour of the cyber criminal towards the victim by

using internet services.
Cyber defamation
• The Criminal sends emails containing defamatory matters to all
concerned of the victim or post the defamatory matters on a website.
• Eg. - Disgruntled employee may do this against boss, ex-boys friend
against girl, divorced husband against wife etc.
Threatening

• The Criminal sends threatening email or comes in contact in chat

rooms with victim.
• Any one disgruntled may do this against boss, friend or official.
Salami attack

• In such crime criminal makes insignificant changes in such a manner

that such changes would go unnoticed.
• Criminal makes such program that deducts small amount like $ 2.50
per month from the account of all the customer of the Bank and
deposit the same in his account.
• In this case no account holder will approach the bank for such small
amount but criminal gains huge amount.
Spam

• Spam, or the unsolicited sending of bulk email for commercial

purposes, is unlawful to varying degrees.
• As applied to email, specific anti-spam laws are relatively new,
however limits on unsolicited electronic communications have
existed in some forms for some time.
Fraud

• Computer fraud is any dishonest misrepresentation of fact intended

to let another to do or refrain from doing something which causes
loss.
Drug trafficking

• Drug traffickers are increasingly taking advantage of the Internet to

sell their illegal substances through encrypted e-mail and other
Internet Technology.
• Some drug traffickers arrange deals at internet cafes, use courier Web
sites to track illegal packages of pills, and swap recipes for
amphetamines in restricted-access chat rooms.
Cyber terrorism

• Cyber terrorism in general, can be defined as an act of terrorism

committed through the use of cyberspace or computer resources
(Parker 1983).
• As such, a simple propaganda in the Internet, that there will be bomb
attacks during the holidays can be considered cyber terrorism.
• As well there are also hacking activities directed towards individuals,
families, organized by groups within networks, tending to cause fear
among people, demonstrate power, collecting information relevant for
ruining peoples' lives, robberies, blackmailing etc.
Cyber warfare

• The U.S. Department of Defence (DoD) notes that cyberspace has

emerged as a national-level concern through several recent events of
geo-strategic significance.
• Among those are included the attack on Estonia's infrastructure in
2007, allegedly by Russian hackers.
• Cyberwarfare has been defined by government security expert
Richard A. Clarke, in his book Cyber War (May 2010), as "actions by a
nation-state to penetrate another nation's computers or networks for
the purposes of causing damage or disruption."
Forgery

• Counterfeit currency notes, postage and revenue stamps, mark sheets

etc., can be forged using sophisticated computers, printers and
scanners.
Preventive Measures For Individuals

• Preventive measures should be adopted by both children as well as

parents.
• For instance children should not reveal any kind of identity while
chatting etc.
• Parents should use content filter software on PC.

• For any individual, he/she should share any personal information

online to whomsoever it might be.
Preventive measures for Government & other
organizations

• Physical security  • Firewalls

• Access control • Frequent password changing 

• Password  • Safe surfing 

• Finding the holes in network  • Frequent virus checks

• Using network scanning programs • Email filters

• Using intrusion alert programs  • Using encryption

Cyber law

• India has enacted the first I.T.Act,2000 based on the UNCITRAL

model.
• Chapter XI of this Act deals with offence/crimes along with certain
other provisions scattered in this Acts.
Offence Section Under IT Act

OFFENCE SECTION

Tampering with computer source documents Sec.65

Hacking with computer systems , Data alteration Sec.66

Publishing obscene information Sec.67

Un- authorized access to protected System Sec.70

Breach of Confidentiality & Privacy Sec.72

Publishing false digital signature certificates Sec.73

Computers Related Crimes Covered Under
IPC & Special Laws

OFFENCE SECTIONS

Sending threatening messages by e-mail Sec 503 IPC

Sending defamatory messages by e-mail Sec 499 IPC

Forgery of electronic records Sec 463 IPC

Bogus websites , cyber frauds Sec 420 IPC

E-mail spoofing Sec 463 IPC

Web-Jacking Sec.383 IPC

E-mail Abuse Sec.500 IPC

Online sale of Drugs NDPS Act

Cyber security

• Cyber security involves protection of sensitive personal and business

information through prevention, detection and response to different
online attack.
• Cyber security standards are security standards which enable
organizations to practice safe security techniques to minimize the
number of successful cyber security attacks.
• ISO/IEC 27002

• BS7799 part I & BS 7799 part II

• NIST has also released several publications addressing cyber security.

Advantages of cyber security
• It defends us from critical attacks.

• It helps us browse safe websites.

• It defends us from hacks and virus.

• Security developers update their database every week hence new

virus also gets deleted.
• Internet security process all the incoming and outgoing data on our
computer.
Case studies

• Pune Citibank emphasis Call Center Fraud

• Baazee.com case

• Andhra Pradesh Tax Case

Conclusion

The modern thief can steal more with a computer

than with a gun. Tomorrow's terrorist may be able
to do more damage with a keyboard than with a
bomb.
Bibliography & Webliography

• ‘Information Technology for Management’ book

By E Fraim Turban

Dorothy Leiner

Ephraim Mclean

James Wetherbe
• www.cyberlawsindia.net
• www.iprfirm.com
• www.cybercellmumbai.com
• www.cybercrime.planetindia.net
• www.indiacyberlab.in
• www.virtualpune.com
• www.brighthub.com
• www.cyberlawclinic.org
Thank you