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Susan: "I go home by bus." Susan says (that) she goes home by bus.
Susan: "I go home by bus." Susan said (that) she went home by bus.
backshift of tenses
from to
Present Simple Past Simple
Present Continuous Past Continuous
Past Simple
Past Perfect
Present Perfect
will would
Imperative Infinitive
backshift of tenses
from to
Peter said that he worked in the
Peter: "I work in the garden."
garden.
Peter said that he was working in
Peter: "I'm working in the garden."
the garden.
Peter: "I worked in the garden."
Peter said that he had worked in the
Peter: "I have worked in the garden.
garden."
Peter said that he would work in the
Peter: "I will work in the garden."
garden.
Peter: "Work in the garden." Peter told me to work in the garden.
Reported Questions
If you put a question into reported speech there are some steps which are
the same as in statements: changing of the person, backshift of tenses,
changing of expressions of time.