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i-stems
- the i‐stem is a subset of the 3rd declension: they occur in all three genders
- in masculine and feminine i‐stems there is only one difference in the
endings: in neuter i‐stems there are four.
o The chart below shows how they compare with regular 3rd decl.
Regular i‐stem i‐stem Regular (n) i‐stem
rex (m) navis, ‐is (f) nubes, ‐is (f) corpus (n) mare, is (n)
king ship cloud body sea
Base: reg‐ nav‐ nub‐ corpor‐ mar‐
Nom. rex (reg+s) navis nubes corpus mare
Gen. reg‐is navis nubis corporis maris
Dat. reg‐i navi nubi corpori mari
Acc. reg‐em navem nubem corpus mare
Abl. reg‐e nave nube corpore mari
Nom. reg‐es naves nubes corpora maria
Gen. reg‐um navium nubium corporum marium
Dat. reg‐ibus navibus nubibus corporibus maribus
Acc. reg‐es naves nubes corpora maria
Abl. reg‐ibus navibus nubibus corporibus maribus
How do you know which nouns are an i‐stem? There are some general rules.
Masculine/Feminine:
I. Words which are parasyllabic (words with 2 syllables) in the nominative and
genitive singluar which do the following:
1) which repeat each other (ex. fortis, fortis; navis, navis; civis, civis) are i‐
stems (NOTE: canis, canis and iuvenis, iuvenis are exceptions)
2) the nominative singular ends in “es” and the genitive is “is” (ex. nubes,
nubis)
3) There are four in which the nominative singular end in “er” and te
genitive is “is” (ex. imber, imbris; linter, lintris: uter, utris; and venter,
ventris)
II. Masculine and (chiefly) feminine words with a nominative sinugular ending
in either “s” or “x” whose base ends in two consonants.
(ex. urbs, urbi; dens, dentis; arx, arcis: nox, noctis)
3rd Declension #2
i-stems
Neuter:
1. Words in which the nominative singular is “e” and the genitive is “is.”
(ex. mare, maris; sedile, sedilis)
2. Words in which the nominative singular is “al” and the genitive is “alis.”
(ex. animal, animalis; capital, capitalis)
3. Words in which the nominative singular is “ar” and the genitive is “aris.”
(ex. exemplar, exemplaris; lucar, lucaris)