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What Is Computer?
Kw¤úDUvi wK?
Computer kãwUi mvaviY A_© n‡”Q MYK hš¿| j¨vwUb kã Compute †_‡K Bs‡iRx Computer k‡ãi DrcwË|
Compute kãwUi A_© MYbv ev wnmve wbKvk Kiv| Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ g~jZt †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y, fvM BZ¨vw` Kvhv©ejx
m¤úv`b Kiv hvq| wKš‘ eZ©gvb hy‡M Kw¤úDUv‡ii eûgyLx e¨env‡ii d‡j Kw¤úDUv‡ii ms½v A‡bK e¨vcKZv jvf K‡i‡Q|
†Kvb mxwgZ ms½v w`‡q Avi Kw¤úDUvi‡K MÛxe× Kiv hvq bv|
Who Is The Inventor Of Computer?
Kw¤úDUvi -Gi Avwe®‹viK ‡K?
wewkó weÁvbx weªwUk MwYZwe` Pvj©m e¨v‡eR AvaywbK Kw¤úDUv‡ii g~jbxwZ wbav©iY K‡ib| ‰eÁvwbK cÖhwy ³i Afv‡e e¨v‡e‡Ri
GB g~jbxwZ ev¯—evqb Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| ZeyI Zvui GB hyMvš—Kvix wPš—vfvebv Ges cÖ‡Póvi Rb¨ Zvu‡K AvaywbK Kw¤úDUv‡ii
RbK ejv nq| 1887 mv‡j Wv³vi nvigvb n‡jwi_ Av‡gwiKvi Av`gïgvixi KvR `ª“Z m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ Pvj©m e¨v‡e‡Ri
g~jbxwZ wb‡q M‡elbv ïi“ K‡ib| c‡i 1911 mv‡j `yÕwU wfbœ ‡Kv¤úvbxi mn‡hvMxZvq wZwb KgwcDwUs, †Uey‡jwUs I †iKwW©s
†Kv¤úvbx cÖwZôv K‡ib| hv c‡i wek¦ weL¨vZ IBM (International Business Machine) -G iƒcvš—wiZ nq|
Computer Structure:
Kw¤úDUvi Gi MVb cÖbvjxt
Computer g~jZt wZbwU As‡k wef³| †hgb t
1. Input Device. D`vniYt Kx †evW©, gvDm, Rqw÷K, MÖvwd· c¨vW, ¯‹vbvi BZ¨vw`|
2. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
3. Output Device. D`vniYt gwbUi, wcÖ›Uvi, w¯úKvi cÖfw„ Z|
MvwbwZK hyw³ Ask
BbcyU -----------^----------- AvDUcyU
‡m›Uªvj BDwbU --- >
wWfvBm -----------^----------- wWfvBm
¯§„wZ GjvKv
Deference Between Computer & Human Being:
Kw¤úDUvi I gvby‡li g‡a¨ cv_©K¨t
Kw¤úDUvi I gvby‡li g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ n‡jv Kw¤úDUvi †h †Kvb Kv‡Ri djvdj AwZ `ª“Z MwZ‡Z cÖ`k©b K‡i| wKš‘ gvbyl Zv cv‡i
bv| Zv m‡Ë¡I gvbyl Kw¤úDUv‡ii †P‡q eyw×gvb| Kvib Kw¤úDUvi gvby‡li nv‡Z Mov GKwU B‡jKUªwb· hš¿| Zvi †P‡q eo
KviY n‡jv Kw¤úDUv‡ii wbR¯^ †Kvb eyw× †bB| gvbyl hw` Zvi ¯§„wZ ev †g‡gvix‡Z md&UIqvi †mU K‡i †`q Zvn‡j †m H
md&UIqv‡ii mvnvh¨ wb‡q Avgv‡`i mvg‡b Z_¨ cÖ`vb Ki‡e| Zvi †ekx ev Kg Ki‡e bv|
Classification Of Computer:
Kw¤úDUvi Gi MVb cÖbvjxt
MVb I D‡Ïk¨ †f‡` Kw¤úDUvi‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_vt
Analog Computer
Digital Computer
GQvov Dc‡iv³ `yB ai‡Yi Kw¤úDUvi Gi mswgkª‡b Av‡iKwU Kw¤úDUvi ˆZix n‡q‡Q| Gi bvg Hybrid Computer|
Note : wWwRUvj Kw¤úDUvi‡K Avevi Pvi fv‡M fvM Kiv nq| h_vt 1. mycvi Kw¤úDUvi 2. †gBb‡d«g Kw¤úDUvi
3. wgwb‡d«g Kw¤úDUvi 4. gvB‡µv Kw¤úDUvi ev, cv‡m©vbvj Kw¤úDUvi| wb‡P Gi m¤ú‡K© Zz‡j aiv nj|
Classification Of Digital Computer:
wWwRUvj Kw¤úDUvi Gi MVb cÖbvjxt
Super Computer. D`vniYt fvi‡Zi wbR¯^ ˆZix K…Z mycvi Kw¤úDUvi ÔcigÕ| GQvov i‡q‡Qt Cray-1, Cyber-205.
Mainframe Computer. D`vniYt UNIVAC 1100/11, IBM 6120, NCR N8370, IBM 4341.
Miniframe Computer. D`vniYt PDP 11, NOV A3, IBM S/34, IBM S/36.
Micro Computer. D`vniYt eZ©gv‡b Avgiv †h me Kw¤úDUvi †`wL Zvi meB n‡”Q gvB‡µv ev, cv‡m©vbvj Kw¤úDUvi|
G‡`i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q : Apple 64, IBM PC, TRS 80 cÖf„wZ|
Created by: Md. Kamrul Hassan Bappy Page: 1 of 6 E-mail: info@khola-janala.com
Computer Fundamental
Measurement Of Data Of The Computer:
Computer -Gi Z_¨ cwigv‡ci GKKt
evBbvix bv¤^vi c×wZ‡Z e¨eüZ AsK 0 (ïb¨) Ges 1 (GK) ‡K Bit e‡j| Bs‡iRx Binary k‡ãi Bi I Digit k‡ãi t wb‡q
Bit kãwU ˆZix n‡q‡Q| Kw¤úDUvi ¯§„wZ‡Z iw¶Z 0 I 1 Gi †KvW w`‡q wewfbœ Z_¨ msiw¶Z _v‡K| G Kvi‡Y Kw¤úDUv‡ii
¯§„wZi aviY ¶gZvi ¶y`ª GKK wnmv‡e Bit kãwU e¨eüZ nq| Kw¤úDUvi GB 0 I 1 Øviv †h we‡kl c×wZ‡Z Kw¤úUv‡ii KvR
K‡i Zv‡K Kw¤úUv‡ii hvwš¿K fvlv ejv nq|
What Is Memory?
¯§„wZ wK?
gvby‡li g‡Zv Kw¤úDUv‡iiI †g‡gvix ev, ¯§„wZ i‡q‡Q| Kw¤úDUv‡ii ¯§„wZ‡K `yB fv‡M ch©vwqZ Kiv hvq| h_vt
1. cÖavb ¯§„wZ (Main memory) †hgbt RAM, ROM|
2. mnvqK ¯§„wZ (Auxiliary memory) †hgbt d¬wc wW‡¯‹U, nvW©wW¯‹, Kgc¨v± wW¯‹ cÖfw„ Z|
What Is RAM?
i¨vg wK?
RAM (Random Access Memory) GKwU A¯’vqx (Volatile) ¯§„wZ fvÛvi | Input Device n‡Z mKj cÖKvi Z_¨
RAM G Rgv nq| cÖavb ¯§„wZi G As‡k hLb ZLb bZzb Z_¨ †jLv hvq, Z_¨ cov hvq Ges B”Qv Ki‡j Z_¨ mg~n gy‡Q †djv
hvq| RAM -Gi Z_¨ cov I †jLv Dfq KvRB m¤úv`b Kiv hvq e‡j G‡K wjLb cVb ¯§wZI (Read Write Memory)
ejv n‡q _v‡K| we`y¨r mieivn eÜ n‡j RAM G iw¶Z mKj Z_¨ gy‡Q hvq| ZvB G‡K A¯’vqx ¯§„wZ wnmv‡e AwfwnZ Kiv
nq|
What Is ROM?
ig wK?
ROM (Read Only Memory) GKwU ¯’vqx (Non Volatile) ¯§„wZ fvÛvi| cÖavb ¯§„wZi GB AskwU ¯’vqx, AcwieZ©bxq I
AaŸsmvZ¡K ¯§„wZ| Computer -G we`y¨r mieivn eÜ K‡i w`‡jI GB ¯§„wZ‡Z iw¶Z Z_¨ gy‡Q hvq bv| ROM -G bZzb wKQy
ms‡hvRb, ms‡kvab ev cwieZ©b Kiv hvq bv| GB As‡k wjwLZ Z_¨ ïaygvÎ cov hvq, wKš‘ †jLv hvq bv| ZvB G‡K ¯’vqx ¯§„wZ
wnmv‡e AwfwnZ Kiv nq|
Created by: Md. Kamrul Hassan Bappy Page: 2 of 6 E-mail: info@khola-janala.com
Computer Fundamental
What Is Disk?
wW¯‹ wK?
Computer Gi hveZxq Z_¨ msi¶Y Kivi Avavi †K Disk e‡j|
Disk `yB ai‡bi n‡q _v‡K| †hgbt
1. Floppy Disk
2. Hard Disk.
GQvovI evRv‡i AviI GK ai‡bi Disk cvIqv hvq hvi bvg Compact Disk (CD).
wW¯‹ Gi aviY ¶gZv wbæwjwLZ:
Floppy Disk: 1.44 Megabyte (MB) [ For 31/2 Floppy Disk ]
Compact Disk: 150 Megabyte (MB) †_‡K 800 Megabyte (MB)
Hard Disk: 15 Gigabyte (GB) †_‡K 800 Gigabyte (GB)
DVD Disk: 700 Megabyte (MB) †_‡K 12 Gigabyte (GB)
What Is Windows?
Windows wK?
Windows n‡jv Microsoft Corporation KZ…©K evRviRvZK…Z GKwU kw³kvjx Operating System. Windows Operating
System -Gi Aax‡b A‡bK¸‡jv Application Software _v‡K hv †m cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K| DOS (Disk Operating System)
-Gi Aax‡b †h me Application Software _v‡K †m¸‡jv Avgiv DOS Command Gi gva¨‡g cwiPvjbv Kwi| DOS
Command -Gi RwUjZv `~i Kivi Rb¨ Microsoft Corporation Windows Operating System wU †ei K‡ib| GLv‡b
Application Software ¸‡jv cwiPvjbvmn mKj KvR Mouse I Keyboard Gi mgš^‡q Lye mn‡R Kiv hvq|
Avcwb Avcbvi wjLvi Kvh©vw` Kw¤úDUv‡i IqvW©c¨vW e¨envi K‡i m¤úv`b Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GRb¨ Avcwb wb‡Pi KvRwU Ki“b|
Opening a word processing program: Start > Programs > Accessories > WordPad
Kw¤úDUv‡i mvaviY Qwe AvuKv AuvwKi Kv†R Avcwb †cB›U ‡cÖvMÖvg e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wb‡gœ †cB›U †cÖvMÖvg †Lvjvi c×wZ †`qv
nj|
Open Paint Program: Start > Programs > Accessories > Paint
mywcÖq cÖwk¶bv_©xe„›`,
ï‡f”Qv iBj| D³ Av‡jvPbv †_‡K Avgiv Kw¤úDUv‡ii Gi m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ Z_¨ Ges DB‡ÛvR
wKfv‡e cwiPvjbv Kiv hvq Zv m¤ú©‡K Rvbjvg| AvkvKwi Zv Avcbviv †R‡b‡Qb Ges e¨envi Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| ïay
Rvb‡jB Pj‡e bv| GB DB‡ÛvR e¨envi m¤ú‡K© my¯úó avibv _vK‡Z n‡e| hw` †Kvb Ask e¨envi Ki‡Z Amyweav
nq Z‡e wk¶‡Ki mnvqZv wb‡q Gi mgvavb Ki“b| c~bivq mevB‡K A‡bK A‡bK ï‡f”Qv Rvwb‡q Kw¤úDUvi
dvÛv‡g›Uvj c‡e©i mgvwß Kijvg| ï‡f”Qv‡š—,
MD. KAMRUL HASSAN BAPPY
(Diploma in Computer Science and Information Technology)
********************