Theoritical base

Modifiable factors. Non-modifiable factor

Repeated close contact w/ Age

infected. Immunosuppression -
Occupation persons
Indefinite substance abuse o Prolonged corticosteroid
via IV therapy
recurrence of infection Systemic Infection: -
recurrence of infection
o Diabetes Mellitus
o End-stage Renal Disease
o HIV or AIDS infection

Exposure or inhalation of infected

Aerosol through droplet nuclei
(exposure to infected clients by
coughing,
sneezing, talking)

Tubercle bacilli
invasion in the
apices of the
Lungs or near the
pleurae of the
lower lobes

Bronchopneumonia develops in the lung tissue

(Phagocytosed tubercle bacilli are ingested by
macrophages)
• bacterial cell wall binds with macrophages
• arrest of a phagosome which results to bacilli
replication

Necrotic Degeneration occurs

(production of cavities filled with cheese-like
mass of tubercle bacilli, dead WBCs, necrotic lung tissue)

drainage of necrotic materials into the

tracheobronchial tree
(eruption of coughing, formation of lesions)
 PRIMARY INFECTION

Lesions may calcify (Ghon’s Complex)

and form scars and may heal
over a period of time

Tubercle bacilli immunity develops

(2 to 6 weeks after infection)
(maintains in the body as long as living
bacilli remains in the body)

Acquired immunity leads to further growth of

bacilli and development of active infection

Signs and With medical Without medical

symptoms. Signs and
intervention intervention
symptoms.
Dyspnea
Non- Fatigue
productive/product Anorexia
ive cough. Wt loss
Hemoptysis Low grade fever
Chest pain Night sweats
Chest tightness
Crackles

Early detection/ diagnosis Reactivation of the

of the dse tubercle bacilli (Due to
· Multi-antibacterial repeated exposure to
therapy infected Individuals,
· Fixed- dose therapy Immunosuppression)
TB DOTS (Direct
Observed Therapy)
· BCG vaccination
SECONDARY INFECTION

No Recurrence Severe occurrence

Recurrence of lesions in the
lungs

Good Cavitation in the

Prognosis lungs occurs
SEVERE OCCURRENCE OF
INFECTION
DEATH BAD PROGNOSIS
Client becomes clinically ill
 Active infection is spread
throughout
the body systems
(infiltration of tubercle
bacilli in other organs)
• TB of the Bones
• Pott’s Disease
• Renal TB

SEVERE OCCURRENCE OF
INFECTION
Client becomes clinically ill

BAD PROGNOSIS

DEATH