Failure Models
Relationship between the Functions F(r), f(¢), R(t), and z(t)
Expressed
by Pit) f(t) Ru) z(t)
: /
Fi) = - [ flu)du 1 RW) 1-e(-f tu) de)
fo o
4 a “
fo= Sr - -FRO eo(- ff dn)
0. a
Ri) = 1- F(r) f f(uydu - eo(-[ cau)
It lo
dF(t)fdt fn)
tM fine -
1-FO) f° f(u)du an o
MEAN TIME TO FAILURE
MTTF = &(T) = LP’ urmar
oe
R(s) = [ Rite" dt
0
When s = 0, we get
<0
R0) =f R() dt = MTTF
0
THE BINOMIAL AND GEOMETRIC DISTRIBUTIONS
Pr(X =x) = ("era = py" forx=0.1,....0
E(X) = np var(X) = np(1—p)THE EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTION
29
R(t) = PriT > 1) =[ f(u)du=e* fort > 0
t
ee o 1 1
mete = [ Rit)dt -[ evMNd=— var(T) = =
0 0 a x
THE WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION
R(t) =Pr(T > 0) =e" for 1 > 0
wrt = f° Rede =r (2 +1)
0 a \e
var(T) = 4 (r(2 + ') -r (; + '))
ae @ a
Structure Function
ya { 1 ifthe systems functioning
(2) =) ifthe system is in a failed state
Series Structure »
P(x) = xp Qi = Te
Parallel Structure‘ 8
(2) =1- (l=) — 23) ay) = 1 - PJ)
isl
k-out-of-n Structure
1
1 if Yixyzk
i=l
(x) = =
0 if Suck
isiSystems of Independent
Components
SYSTEM RELIABILITY
pst) = E(@(X(t)))
Reliability of Series Structures
A(pQ)) = E@(XW)))=E (I! x)
j=l
= [ema =T] no
Reliability of Parallel Structures
ACP) = E@(X))) =1- TI — E(Xi(1))
= 1-JJa-pm=[fa@
i=l
i=l
Reliability of k-out-of-n Structures
ps(t) = Priv) =k) =o ("Joma = puny?
yak
Pivotal Decomposition
A(py) = pilt) ACA, ptt)) + CL ~ pilt)) - hO;, p(t)
pilt)- (ACL;, pe) = AO), ptt))] = A(O;, ptr)
NONREPAIRABLE SYSTEMSComponent Importance
BIRNBAUM’S MEASURE
ah
8G |) = PO = ac, pe) — AO: pw)
Opi)
IMPROVEMENT POTENTIAL
PG |r) = hj, pt) —A(p)) for? =1,2,...,0
PPG) = PG 1-0 — pi)
PG | 0) = h(p (0), p(t) — hp)
PG 11) = BG {t)- (oe) - pi(t))
CRITICALITY IMPORTANCE
13G [ 1) - C= pilt))
Re) 7) =
re) = ipaMarkov Processes
Pit) = Pr(X (1) = j | X() =i) foralli, j eX
,
YP =1 forallie x
j=0
: transition rate matrix
~ i . r
EG) =~ ay =a Py foralixé § ay =-a =- ay
j=0
je
‘Chapman-Kolmogorov Equations
r
P(t +s) =P Pie Pep(s) forall i, j € X,1,5 > 0
k=
Kolmogorov Differential Equations
' r
PyO = Yan PyO - Py) = Yan Py
pe k=O
“i
State equations
Pa) A= Pa)
ASYMPTOTIC SOLUTION
The steady-state probabilities P-A=0 yeeVisit Frequency =v) = Pyaj = > Prag;
kal
iy
~ 1
Mean Duration of a Visit 8) = E(T)) = wy
System Availability As= oy
jeB
Frequency of System Failures or= Ly Pj -aje
jeBke
Mean Duration of a System Failure 1 = Ay = cp - OF
Mean Time between System Failures =MTBF, = a
OF
Mean Functioning Time until System Failure
MTBF, = E(U), + Or
Parallel Structures of Independent Components
a
on x oa 4
'-4=TTa=I 5 wr = (IAs) So mi = 5,
Ai + Hi
Series Structures of Independent Components
a .
-[n- Iz Ha op sAy Sly op = LOA
+i isl OFMean Time to System Failure
0
R*(0) = f R(t)dt = MTTFs
0
P3(s)-Ag=[sP™(s)—P@Ie MTTF= 5° PO)