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Y sac n CCCP aBTOlKUp IlOSIBlIJICRBnepBhle B 1929 r. OR 6hl.1 cxoncrpyapOBan HRlKeH6paMH KaMOBhlM n CRpelKHRCRHJ4 nocrpoea OcoaBHaXHHOM. Ra H tHr. 40 H306pam6H BTOT aBTOlKUp, 11.18 "Bf\PTOJl6T", RaK OH 6hlJl aaasan aBTOpan npoenra. Do cBoelt cxeae OR nO)l.ooen aBTOlKHpy C-8 II. l1.JUI Hero Tome 6hlJl HCnOJlh30BaH4>I03eJIHlKABpO, no ~IOTOpYCTaHOBJlen60.1ee 140Innhllt- THTaH 230 JI. c. JIeTHhle acnaraaaa BepTOJIeTa,npoaeroraemae B 1930 r., )l.aJIH ere. .l.YIOII{He pe3YJlLTaThl: nOTOJIOR 450..H, MaRCHUJlbHan CROPOCTh 'K.K!ttac, MlI110 BHMaJIbHan 35 'K..H/·tac. Hesaaacaao OT rpynnu, patioraamea Ha)l. seproaerox B 1930 1'., Oesuaa OC06hlX KOHCTPYRUnlt9AO UArII npempnaaaa rrpoesraposanue aBTolKHpa .2iH.·. 3a cxeay )l.JlJl.29A 6hl,1 B3HT aBTo:KIIP C-19 MIt III. ABTolKup 28A (4)ur. 41, 42) 6hlJl noerpoea B soane 1931 r .• Iemue acnaranna ero )l.a,1II secsaa Y)l.OB.IeTBOpHTeJIhRhIe pe3YJlhTaThI (CM. Ta6.1. 1). B 1932 r, CeKUHH OC06hlX 1l0HcrpYI;UHtI ::lAO I(AfU caoacrpyapoaara II BhlnycrUJI3 BTOpol asroaap 48A C MeXaHlllJeCKU'" aarrycsox (4)I1r. 43 II 44) . .laHnhle 3TOro aBTOlRBpa npuseaeaa T,UilRe B Ta6.... 1.

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YJ{a'lgoo pa3BHTliO KOHCTpYXUHII a ',)lKHpa IIOnCJ10 TeOpeTll'IeCKIIII1I3b1CRaa It HUll\! 110HecylI~cMy aaropotupyrotne s y BlIHTy-pOTOPY. TaR, nanpusep, B 1926 r. 1I01I H.1aChpanora Ilucroacsu'. B 1927 r. Ohl.1.1 B ollyG.uIKosaHa fJIayaproM reopna aBTolKlIpa2• B 1928 r. ee pa3BlIJi II J{OIlO.1HII.l .lIOltRa. MOlKHo TaltlK'~ YKa3aTh na ReCKOJIhKO paeor HTaJIMIHCKnx aap0)lIlIlaMUROR (-t>cpapplI, IIHcToJIe31l, rro-)lC-.!\apnil), OTIIocnmllXCII K patiore BIIHTa u 60lt01l0'i nOTOReH 'IaCTll'lHO aarparuaatomnx aBTopoTIIPYlOIl\lIC RIIHThI, OI\HaltO nee ORn, sa HCIt.lllO'IeRlleM YKasaHRhIx paoor l.iayapra H ,~OltKa, paccaarpanaror paGoTY aaroporapynnmx BIlHTOB C .~OllaCTIIMIl, He IIMeIOmllMII xaxonoro I\BlIlKeHIlII, II, craro OblTb, HC anoaae aHa,10rn'lHYlO C pa6oToit poropa aBTOlRHpa. B HaCTOlImclI raaae MhI naaepeau H3JIOlltHThreopnn poropa I'aayspra-> .1loKKa, TaK KaR, sa aam B3r.11I)l, OHa XOTH H HCCRO.1bKO rpo~!O:w\a. no CBOeM! MaTCMaTH'IeCROMYbIpalKCHI!IO, 3aTO J{aeTyJ{on.1CTBOpIlTl\~hHylO B CXO,~IIMOCThaep '1eTHblX J{aHHblX C l\aHHblMII JIeTHblX IIcnWTaHHII II, KpOMeroro, nOSBO.meT OXBaTIlTb pa60TY poropa BCCCTopOHHe o.llarO)l.apJl YJ1.a'lRoMY BK.110'lemno B iUHUlU3 ero pa60ThI rrepaonrsecsoro MaXOIlOrO)~BllmeRlIll aonacrea.: 11aJlOmeHHIO reopas I'aayspra II .lIoRKa ileo6xoi\IIMO npeanocaars HeKEropue oomne co06paiKeHI!1I 0 rrpII'IIIHaX anroporannn poropa. § 1. ABTopOTa~HJI aecymero aurrra-pompa

Bume ObIJlOCKasaHO, 'ITO HeCYlUulI BIIHT-pOTvp npu I\BIDKenUII aBTOlKHpa CBo60)l.RO apamaerca - aaropornpyer. Oocroaaae YCToll'lUBott asroporanan necymero BUHTa lIB.ll1eTClI a6co.llOTHO Reoiixo)l.UMblM YCJlOBUeMnpa scex B03MOJKHblX aeraax peanaax asroampa, 116TO,\IY 'ITO Heo6xol\H~lail nO)l.'heMHaJ!CIIJla paasaBaeTCII TO.l1hKO aBTOpOTl!pYlOmeMBHRTe. RpOMeroro, JlonaCTII poropa, lIpll sana . JIIl.'IIUI mapaapnoro spen.teaan K BTY.1Ke, MOI'.m npa OTCYTCTBltll .1(OCTaTO'lHoA CKOPOCTll pamenus aasnayn.cn asepx 1101\)\eIlCTBlle" 1I0Wbt'~IHOnC,1IJ1b1 s BBnitY HellOCTaTO'lBOIIBCJllI'IHHhTpacnpnurmomen IIX nenTplOCil\1I00 CIf.1hl. jJ,la BbllICHeHHH IIB.leRllR aBTopOTa1l1l1IpaCC~IOTplI\! cnaxasa CJY'Iatt BepTIIKaJlbHOrO napaunorupoaaaaa poropa, CB060)lIlO BpaIUalOll\CrOCH B rrpJlMOM HanpaB.lIeHHII (T. e. soraa JIOnaCTbilBllil\CTCH ROCIlI\OMrrpo4>~JlH snepea). TaRott
1.Aerotccnice' M 6, OKTII6p" 1926 r, 2 .Reports and Memoranda" ~ III L 3 .Reports and Memoranda" ~ 1127.

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39

B aTOll eJly'lae 6YACT paBeHCTBO HyJlIO CYMMapHoro ItpYTamero 1I0MeHTa OT acex JlonaeTel 0pK JlI060M yrJIOBOM OO.~OlKeHHH IIX (OOTepSIII.H sa rpeaae BO BTYJIRe BBK}J;Y BX Ma.l0CTB npeaeriperaes). Bupaaeaae (1) YKa3LlBaeT aa saBHCHMOCTh auroporauaa OT yraa yeraaoasa aonacrea; O'leBB,IJ;HO,'ITO He BCHKHIt yro;l YCT<LHOBKH JlOOaCTII J{JlJI )I.<LHaero 66 CeqeHHJI 6Y)l.er cIIoc06cTBOBarb aB'l'OpOTal(IIU. Ii COlK<LJleHnlO, OORa H6T TO'lHOrO seroaa, C OOMOmblO soroporo MOlKHO OLlJlO 6Ll cpaay orrp6J{6J1HTb, OOeCne'lHBaeT Jill ,'{aHHbltt yroJi YCTaHOBKH JlOnaCTII &BTOPOTaI(111O poropa B npsMOM aanpaareaaa, ~JIH onpezereaaa me OpelleJlI~Oro 3H<LQeHIUI ()lJIn lIaHHoro rrpo!JIHJIH) yrJla YCTaHOBKH OpB KOTOPOMaBTOpOTa~lIl1 neaoaxoana npn .'110-

10

a - Jrclg

/1

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:

e,

I
!,

!
i

=+l
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i
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'I>Hr. 46. 6LlX peaaaax, MOlK6T 6b1rb nocrpoena IIllal'paMM<L. ,~aKJll(aH 3aBIICHilOCTh supalIteHHJI 0. - arc tg p.,c OT yrJIa aTaKH IX. !(JNI IIOCTPOCHUSI TaKOn )lUarpaMMLl Tpe6yeTCSI TOJlbKO rrOJlHpa rrpo!JIHJlSI )l.JlH 6eCKOHeQHOrO y,lJ;JlUH6HUg (66CEOHeQHOe Y,lI.JIBHeHlle 6epeTCH COrJIaCHO"TeopHU BIIHTOB). Ha !JIHr 46 npanerena ,lJ;HarpaMMa aBTopOTaI(HH npolJlBJISI reTTHHreR 429. ECJlH aa aTY ,lJ;lI1rpaMMy HaHeCTH OPJlMYIOaa, rrapa.ueJlbHYIO OCB a6cI(ucc H oreroaumo OT aec aa BeJlIIQHHY, pasnye yrJly YCT&ROBKH TO paSROCTb MelK,IJ;y opJ(IfHaTaMH Kpnnott IX- arc tg p." If npHlloll aa 6YAeT BypamaTb COOTHorneHHe (1), T. e.

e,

IX-

arc

tg p.~ -

8 ~ O.

Ilpa )(aBHOM yue YCTaHoBKII .100aCTIi ysaaaunaa AHarpaMMa zaer IIBa 3Ha'leHHH yraa aTaKH rrpO¢HJIR-IXl n IX2,-lJpn 1t0TOPLlX I1MeeT MeCTO paaenCTBO 0. arc tg p... 8, T. e. YCTaHoBIIBrnaHcSI aBTOpOTaI\lfSi. OAHaKo TOJIbKO MeHLme6 aaaseaae Cl: 1 6y,!(eT ,lJ;aBaTb aBTopoTa~HIO YCTOlI.tIHBYIO. B caM OM ,lJ;eJle, ,aonYCTUIl MaJIOe npOB3BOJlbHOe YBeJlH'IeHUe yraa aTaKH cesenun, BLlSBaHHOe,

40

nanplfMep, cJlY'IaIlShIM aaMe){JleHUeM spameaaa. II.JlH YCTOIl.lIiBOCTH apamenaa ' He06xOAHMO, 'lT06hI B03HHKJla ycaopmomaa apamenne ClI.IIa, KOTOPaH YBeJlIf'IHJla ObI OKpYlImyIO CROPOCTb, 'ITO, B CBOIO OIJepe){b, YMeRhmU.lO Obi yro.IJ arasu. 8TO TpeOOBaHHe paBHOCHJlhHO TOMY. 'IT06LI Bh1pameHlle (larc tg fl. B03paCTaJlO npa B03paCTaHIIH (X. Ha aaarpaaae ilTOMY YMOBUIO Yi\OB.1eTBopneT Y'Ia('TOK, B KOTOPOM HaXO){HTCn 3H3'1eHlle Ill; Upl! yrJle me aTaI\JI 112 aaroporanna neYCTot!:'IUBa nOTOllY, 'ITO f13 Y'IaCTI(e, rrpIJJlf'jRamC~1 K atony yr.1Y, ae.iasuna (X arc tg fl" - 9 y6blBaeT C aoapacraanes e. lI3 )l,u31'paMMhI asroporanua rrpo$II.1H I'erraaren 429 BII)I,HO, 'ITO upeaenHoe aaaseaae yrJia YCTanoBKu 8, npH KOTOPOl! neB03'o10ll(Ha aaroporauaa poropa B npaxoa nanpaareaau npu .~IOGOll pelKllMe aaroaupa, panno rrpHMepHo 7°. Bucora samrpaxoeanaoa sacra i\narp3MMbI zaer sanae anropora unn , a aarepnaa Memu Cll II !Xi i\lIana30H yraon aTaKU, npn KOTOPblX na ceseHUll HMeIOTCH ycsopmomae apameaue ClI.m. flpocpn.1h, IBleIOlIllln Go,~hmHn sanae '1B'fOpOranHH npa ){aHHOM yr.1e YCTaHOBKH If 60.llhlUilit nnrepsas Cl2 - (Xl> auroaaee C TO'lKII 3peHIIJI aaroporauan. Ec.m nOCTpOiITh .1l1arpa~nl y asropora1\UII rro )l,3I1HbIM rrpO)l,yBKII rrpo$U.IIlI aa yraax arasn OT 0 ,lI,O ltiO°, TO ona J\acT orner, B KaKOM naupaareans, B npnaoa IIJ1H oopaTHOM, 6Y)l,eT apamarscn RlllIT, rra){alOillHIt C BblCOTbI (ec.nr OH)I,O narenaa HC spamaaca), npn ){aIlHOM yr.1e YCTaHOBKIf. TO'lHO TaK me O'lCBIUHblM GY)I,PTTO, 'ITO POTOP, ne pacxpysennun na MeCT!" spamaerca npa npotiere anroisupa no aapozpouy "CPC;l R:1.11'TO)lB "PlI)lP)! HanpaB.IIeHlIH.

§ 2.

ClI.I1L1 B MOlleR'lL(

Ba

porope

(I>0PMYJlbI reopaa r,layapn-.l}oRKa BblBe,lteHbl .lI.IIlI poropa, uxeiotnerc .11060e 'IHC.IIO aonacren. Itam)l,all JlOrraCTb npnspenaeaa K BTy.IIKe ropnaonran.nu» mapHHpOM, rr03BO.llllIO~HM e.lt npOH3BO,l(HTb B3MaXH B rrJlOCKOCTU,npoxommen sepea npO)l,O.llbHYIO OCb JlOnaCTIf II OCb poropa, BepTHKa.llbHhIlt mapHIIJI apemeaan .II0naCTlI, n03BO.llRIOU\1I1t elt KO.lleOaThClI B rr.~OCKOCTII spameIJHSI. He npHHIIMaeTClI BO BHIIMaHHe npa paccaorpenna )l,BlImeHlln .II0rraCTH. XOMa II yroa YCTaHoBKIl rro ,I(.IIHne JIOrraCTII 6epYTClI rrOCTO}IHHhIMII, XOTlI B .,l(e.ltcTBIITe.llbnOCTII -, KOHe~ JlOnaCTII 06hI'IHO IIMeeT 3a\ spyraeaue, a OJlll3KO Y IWPHJI xopaa ! \ YMeHhillaeTcn. 1I3MeHeHlle XOPi~LI II / c· \ yrJla YCTanOBKIf B)I,O.1b aorracrn no I \V KaRott-.moo ,l(pyrolt 3aBII(,I1MOCTI! OT paaayea He OTpa3HTCll na \ MeTOi\e pacsera, HO 3Ha'lIlTeJlhHO YCJlOmHIIT ero. / Yr.llOM arasa poropa 6Yi\e.\[ / naaaaars yro.ll iO ($Hr. 47), H3 / /' KOTOPbllt onuoneua OCh poropa OT /' .. rrepnen)l,IIKy.711pa K Hall paBJleHIIIOz 1I0cTynaTeJlbHol1 CKOPOCTH V. Baarorapn mapHlIpHOMY Kpe~JIeH[[1O ,z,ar. 47.

x~~~~ic===--==-~
\

llo.'IHYIO aap0.llRaaMHqeCKYIO CIIJIY poropa MOlKBO 6Y.llCT B 06~eM cJIy'lae p83J10lRRTh aa caeayionme 3 KOMnoaeHTa: 1) T - rary, aanpaaaemtym 110OCHporopa, Ba nOJ10lKlITe.1hHoe nanpaarenIfe C'IRTaeTCJI lIaUpaB.~eHl!e Dnepx; . . 2) H - np0.llo.1I>uylO CII;1)" JIeiRa~yro- B n.lOCltOCTH yx 11 nepnemaxy.rapnylO OCH poropa. llP0;:lo.lbuaR CII.~(\ nceraa aanpasaena B CTOPOIlY, 06paTHYIO ;lBlImeHHIO MamlfHbT:

JlorracTell peaYJlhTlIpyromaH aapO.llIIHaMH'leCIiHX CBJI, .lIellcTByromn IIpOB,!{eT seeraa sepea ~eHTP BTy.~KH (paCCTOHHIfRMil ropnaoaraasaax or OCR poropa ~IOlRHO npeaeripesr.].

aa POTOP, mapHlIJIOB

3) S - nonepesnyn CII.1Y. uepllen.llRKyJlRpHylO nepsua )lOpl. Hanpaazeane nonepeuaoa Cl!.m n cropony aonacnr, HaUpaB.JleSIIO OKPYlKHOIt CKOPOCTII KOTOpon coanaaaer C nocrynareasnoj' CKOPOCTblO M31I111HbT, 6Y)leM csnran, noaolipoMe arnx CII.l 113 pOTope npu seYCTaHOBUBIIIenCR aaroporauua 6rAeT RpyrRllllI1I MOlICIiT. Ilpu YCT3HonllBIIIettcSI anrcporannn on panes ,!{JlSI acero poropa II YJl10, XOTJI IUH KalKloll OTJle.1bHolt JIOn3(,TII 011 MOlKeT hIT 10 II ne panen HyJIIO. OG0311a'IIDI J;{lYTHlIIIII1 'iO}feIlT scpea .J! II GY,1e'l cunrars ero nO.l0amTe,lLllbBr, eC.HI orr Tt)P"O.lIIT npamenue pOTopa. Ilonepesaaa If npO)l.O.lbHbllt MO!{jlHTbT (iJI3ro'!{apSi mapnapaoay apememuo aouacren HenCJIlmH no BeJIII'lnHe (OIlH HMeIOTCS! 33 cser neuenrpan.aoro pacrrozoaenaa ropuaonra.n.rrrax mapnnp-n), II IIX MbI J'aCCMOTJ'IBI B r.l. IV. Onpeaereaae KOllnOneHTOB no.molt aapO)lHHallll'ICCrWn rll.1b1 na porope _BC)lYl' MeTO)lOM nO)lC'IeT3 COl no aJleMenTaM aonacrea (MeTOJl, IIIIIPOKO npnseHlIeMbllt B pacsere naaroa), paccsarpaaaa HX RaK aJleMeHTbT RPbua. JI..qJl aroro nozcsera Heo(ixO;:lIlMO 3HaTb oraocuren.nyto CKOPOCTb II IICTIIHHbltt yrox ' aTaKII. 'J. KalK,WfO CC'reHlIlI ,10naCTIf npn .110(}OM yrJloDoM ee nOJIO)!WHIIH. noaroay MbT npeaue scero )lO.llKllhI BblJlCHltTh ,'(BJllKCHIIe aonacren. llmTe.~bHbTM.

§ 3.
naiR,'{aH aouacn, a\eHUH: 1) noorynare.unoe poropa

,II;oHmeHBe

JlOUacTeit aBTOlKllpa uveer rpn B1I,'(<\ )lBK-

npn

no.iere

2) npamareasuoe 3) nepaomsecxoe Ilepsae

C nOCTOJlHHolt YUOBOIt

napa

((~llr. 41j). ,~na BII)l3. )lBHlKenUfI )lOCTaTO'lIlO S1Cllbi HRe aym,lalOTcR B l(aKOM.moo. nOHCHeHnlI. P3CCMOTPllM .mIIlb MaXOBoe )lBlIlRCBne. 3TO IIRUll;cnlle npa YCTafIoBIIBmeltcH aaroporauaa npOUCXOi\IIT u:larO)l.apn acmnlcrplIlI ornocarers1I0ro [[OTOKa, ooreKalOmero aonacn, B I1.~OC"OCTII npauicnun. B caMOM .n.e.'le, 113 cpllr. 46 BKilHO, 'ITO KalKY11laHCJI CIWPOClh RO:lJlyxa ornocurc.isno r.aRO!'O-JIH(io ceserrna JlOUaCTII 6Y)leT BbipalKaThCH sepea gr V sin '? (lHl"leT y BC~CTCfl OT aarnero no.10meHHSI nonacrn no npantenun). EC.ll1 Anc npOTIIDon0.tOlKHblC AOna(T11 pacnOJlOiRaTCSI nepnen.tuay.inpno K nanpaaseuaio nOCTYllaTCJlhlloA CROPOCTI! T, TO ,!{.1J1 O)lH01l In !lIIX CKOPOCTh 6Y,1CT Qr V, a ,!{JllI )l.PyroD' Qr V. Ilpa mElCTKOlf Kpen.1eHIIII JlOnaCTIl 3TO Be;1eT K nOSIBJleHHIO nonepexaero orrpoamuaaiouiero MOMeHT3. Ilpn lIIa'pHHPHOM me KpeUJleHHH JIOrraCTII OH3 GY)leT D cJlyqae CllMIIlerplI'IHOrO nOTOKa lc.1Y'laft napannornponnnnn poropa)

rut,

)lDUllieHlH' Inlf'CTC co Bcelt ~lalIIIIHolt co CKOPOCTbIO V, BOKPyr 0('1[ poropa npn ycranoannurencn anroporanaa CKOPOCn.1OQ II saxoeoe j\llllil,CHlle OTHOCIITeJlbHO rOpHaOHTaJlbHOrO map-

4:2

,npHlIO,l(HIl'MaThCJI Ha~ IIJlOCItOCThlO spameaaa na yro.l ~ const, Be.lIl''JIIRa xoroporo QlIpC~eJ[lleTCH H3 YCJlOBlIR, 'JTO ~{OMCHT OT raru OTHOClIT!'.lhRO PIll }lOJIlKCH OLlTh paBHLlM KOMCHTY OT lIeHTpOoeilmolt CHJlLl, R 3TO.1I CJlY'J3C HIlKasore lfaXonOro }lBUlK6HHJI J10nacTcll ne UYi~CT, R caysae H6CHMM6TpH'JHoro 1I0TOlta, HMelOII{erO MeCTO Tor;13, zorna nroCI'OCTr. BpaIl{6HHR poropa COCTaBJIlleT C 1I0CTYllaT6JIhHolt CltOPO('.TLIO }TO.l vem.ruc 90°, .~OllaCTH IiYAYT HMeTb MaXOBOC j(BHiReHlle, R03HIII,aeT I{ rroasepanaaercn OlIO C.tMYlOlI(lfM oripaaou. aa 0,'1II II 060pOT aorracrn 1\3iltYLUailCR OTHOCIITeJlhRali (,KOrOCTh ,1.1R J1lOooro C6'JeDlUl .101laCTli 6YlleT 113:11eflllThClI 110 aauony gr V sin 't. C .113:.1ell6H!lCM OTIIOCIfT6J1hROlt CItOPOCTII opn ll:lllelUITbCli TllI'3 " Mo"eHT OT TJIrJl

oTHOC~rCJlhIlO

rIII. Ta«, nnnpunep, "pI! cnreasaan CROPOCTh noapacraer, \IOIICUT OT TJIrK roze 0Y/WT crpCMllTLCJI n03paCTII.
HO,

,1BIliRCnllIl

.1Ona<'.TII OT

0 r.

OTIIII-

rracrs

B03paCTaSl. BBepX

aa

OR OYlleT yrO.l ~

POCTblO ~

OTHOCHTe.lbHO

rm.

rrOJRIlM<lT" yrJlonolt ::lra

.10eKO('1\0-

POCTb YMCHbnIIlT IICTlIRIIbTC F.lhl aT,lI;U Ce'leHHH J10naCTII, 'ITO npnaezcr r; Y.\II'II"meHHIO rnru If MOMeHTa OJ rnru, ,~llllr3J1Ch .!Ia.lee or

2"

r.

---

.....----

Ii

'1':,

CC'lCHlTlI .10naCTlI

oy;(yr !DICTI> YMerrbmeHIIC ornocnren.non CIWpOCTI!, HO OJIarO.!lapR IIHCPl\1I11 :lIaxoaoro .!IBIflReHIIR .ronaers 6Y.!Ier nposo,imaTI> [JO,.'lHlfManCH. AOCTllrHYB B J>aKOlI-TO yr.~OROM IIO.lOlKCHHII (soropoe rraXOi\IITCJI MemilY '1': II yr.1a S 'It) MaKCJmaJhllOrO B3Maxa ~. aoaacrr .lIaJlec npn nonaru.er i\BlfmCHlflf OT rr ,1(0 2:-: n ell.l)" YIIem.'I' II 1'.. !~. menan eIWpOCTI!, a CTa.70-(1I,1'J'J., 1I rnrir GY.lICT onYCI\3rhCH. CIWPOCTI. .rroro onYCI,aHIlJl ('y,"(cr yne.711'111Ban, IICTlIlIlllJC yrJlM aTal\l~naCTeft, uro npnneier I, ync.tnxemno rarn II \1,)\IrnTa OT Tllrlf.CCt.U< . lIralt, sa OIlIIH OOOpOT .ronacn, rrOA11101eTeJ! II 'In YCTIITl'Jl , T. C. B3MaxHeT. 8ro MaXOBoe ,.'IBlfmeRllc nupaaunnaer TJlry 11 Ml)lItlHT IlT TJIru npornsonoJ10lKHI.JX .iouacren. Br.lII'lIlHa yraa naaaxa onpereanercn H:l YC.l0BIIR paaeucrna nyJJIO (,y~OIl,r ~IOIICllTOB ornocutc.n.no l'IJI, soropan COCTall.1JlCrCJI 11:1 MOMenTa 01' Tm'lI, MO~lcRTa OT neea .tonacru, \1O\I('l1Ta ')T IIPIiTpoliemJlolt (,II,'!'" IH+ePlIiiif 1I~8~8HlffI 11 MOMCJIT<t OT ClI.l IIl1epl\11II nasaxa, IIpu YCTallOBHBmeltCJI anropurauun poropa MaXOBoc ,~Il~liI;eHII{, J10naCTII .lIC.laCTCR lICpIIO,~!I'JeCKlm " ye1'<l!lOBIIBlJJIDICJ1, II yro_l n.maxa OY-1f'T senpepunHOlt II nepIfO;(ll'leclwlt <flYRKlIuett ';': ero MOiKRl1 nupaaurs n i\GIlI('~1 ('.lY'Jal\ PH110M «I>YPbe 14 .111000« crenexsto TOqnOCTII:

3/

~ =

ao -

a1cos

4-

b1sin

y - a2cos 2'1- b2sin 2'~- ...

(1"CO,

ll'~ - b"SiIl1l'~;
coxpannn. rapxonm, no CBoeM

110 1I0CTaTOQHO xopomee nplfo.lI!illClII!C MOlElI<_) pKe IIII.l)'IliTh. ecau «I>YPbe nepaue rapxounrn. Ilpn coxpaucnnu C.1C,WlomIlX aaaraa paooThI poropa IIC.meTCR nenxonepno C.10)Kllbll! 1I rpoM03.l1KlIM
D PH.lIe

43

M3T6I1RTH'l6CKOMY BWp3meHHIO 1, nOaTOMY MY 6y){eM nOJlb30B3TbCJl CJl6,1YJ01I\BII ypaBH6HH611 ){JlH yrJla B311aXa:

~ aO =
Ha <flHr. 49 lf306pam6HY yrJlOBYX nOJlOmeHllft JIOrraCTR

a1cos<jI-

b1s1no}.

(2)

0, 90, 180. 270°.

COrJIaCHO 3TOllY

ypasueaa» yr.~bl ssaaxa AJiH OTKy){3 nU){IIO. 'ITO S3:\aHHOe

D·

'-. -- _J_
~--=-r-./

--+-----

'hr. 49.
ypaBHeHHeM (2) MaXOBoe ){BJliKelllle aKBlIBaJIeBTIIO BaK,lollY nJlOCKOCTB apauteBUH pOTOpa aasas aa yro.1 al, nOOK (n CTOPOHY J10rraCTH, IIAY1l\el1 snepen) sa yroJi b1 U O)l,HOnpeMeHHOMY OTKJlOHeHIlIO scex aonaerea asepx na yroJi 00 (yroJl ROHYCHOCTUporopa). lIHblMU CJlOBaMH, 1I0mBO CKa3aTh, 'ITO aonacrs onaCWB3eT KOHU'leCKYIO nOBepXHOCTh soupyr aeeoropon OCB. OTKJlOHeHBolt OT .D.eACTBHTeJlbHOA Ha3aA B BOOK. O'leBJI)I,HO, 'ITO JIOrraCTh, spamaacr, soxpyr' noft HOBOlt OCII. 6y){eT UlieT" MOMeHT OT Il,eHTpOoelimolt CU.1hl OTHOCIlTe.~hHO I'Ill nOCTOSlHHblM (TaR KaK yroJl ao-oAHH AJISIscex yrJlOBhlX noaoaennn), 3 CT~J10-(iblTh, II MOMeHT OT tarn 6yAeT Tome nOCTOJlHHLlM ){J1J1 acaaoro yraosoro IlO.l0iKCIIII1l 11 pannus MOMeBTY _ OT neHTp06elRBOlt CUJlLl2• 3TO 06CTORTe.~bCTBO RB.1ReTCH noxasareaea aBTOMaTll'IeCKOrO BCKJlIO'leHBJJ nOnepe'lBOrO U npoxoxsnorc MOMeHTOB sa aaroporapyrom6M porope npu aCBMMeTpll'lHOM HOTOKe 6J1arO){3pH mapRHpHOMY RpenJICHll10

xonaerea.

YRasaHHblC BaKJlOHbl IIJlOCKOCTlf Bpamellfm BasaA II nUOK npn mapnupHOM RperrJICRUH aonacrea pOTopa MomBO 06'bJJCHIITb eme CJle,!!,YlOmIlM o(lpasoll. Ha <flur. 50 B3lITbl B3 pa){lIyce r ,lI,Ba Ce'ICHItII "pOTIlBOnOJlOlKHYX sonacrea, CT01l1l\HX nepnemaxyaapsc nOTORY. Ce'ICIIIUI CORMClHeHhl. Ceseuae A HaxOAOTCH B cyMMe CKopOCTeA, 3 Ce'leIIIIe B n pa3110CTIl. Hanpamenaa ){BlImCBul nosasana CTpeJlK3MH. IIT06bl MOMCHTbl CIl.1 npOTIIBOIl0.10mHhIX J10rr3CTcA
106
I 'I....

Memorandaih'oro

BC().IeAOBaBRR lIaXoBoro

No 1127.

ABDlKeBBH .II00aCTB B 06111e:.lBnAe 61>1 lILi B ypaaaeaae

AlR

ClI.

• Reports
H311axll

and
BUJO'

ReJlb311

6L1lo 6L1 CKIISIITb. ecaa

yU8

BTOp",e rapeoaaxs.

6Y.1K paBHH, HymHo, '1T06y aonacra )lBRraJlIICh B HOBOlt II.tOCIWCTII spameaaa, UMeIOII{e! co erapoa IIJl8C[\OCTbI0 apameana yroJi al; roraa cenenue A 6YI~eT HMeTb Kamyrqultcn yroJi arann fJ - al' a ceseaae yrO.l (j al' • , IllHr. 51 npeacraasaer Ha.l011,eHIlbJe cetH'HUH C H D, nanruo lI,l pamyce r or oca spameaaa )lByX rrpOTUROIIO.10lKHblX .ronacrca. paCIIO.1I1)KenRhlX 110 "'BIImeHHIO. . Ilpa yrJle aTaKH i' poropa, 3(\.............. A C'I6T ~rJIa xonycaocra poropa 00, ceseHHe 0, aaxonameeca anepem, 6y){eT HM6Tb MOMeHT OT TilrH OTHOClITeJlhIIO . BTyJl!tH 60JlbllIUIt, '1eM cexenue D; OTclO)la )lJlH paseacraa IIX aeofixomxo. '!TOGH J10UaCTH IIOlliJiU IIO HOBOn IT.TOC<f>Hr. 5U. , !tOCTH B~~emlfl, soropaa COCTaBIf.1a (1M co crapon II.10CKOCThlO )TO.l b1· B aTOM crysae ceseaue C 6y){eT lI'ICTh JiaiKYlllllllcfl yrOJI aTaRH 0 - bh a

n-

CeQeHI16 D - yro.1 0 bl' . HaKJlOH UJIOCIWCTU spameaan poropa Ha:Jail aa yrO.l a1 II ROOK ua yro.l VI OCYIl{6CTMneTClI aaroxanrtecnn MaXOBhUI ,'(!llllK611I1e~ .ronacrert o.lllrO)lapSl IIX mapanpnoay KpeII.leHIlIO. B ){Ono.1Hellll(1 ~IOil,I"J csasau., 'llll vaxosoe ;lBlIil;CIIIIC .tonacru lIO eBOe~y a$cJ!eltTY na IICTIIUHh,1l FO.1 aranu re'leHlIlI 1I0'lTl! ;1[WU!la.lcIITHO ,lI6R~ CTBIIIO Ry.liVIKonoro MexaH1I3Ma, i\alOl~ero TtLIWC nepIIO,;(lI'leCKOC IIIMelIeIlIIe yr.13 YCT<lHOBKIl .10nacrn (meCTKO aaspemennoa R UOBOPOTHOIt BOltPYI' UP0;J,0.1hHolt "<)' . • OCH). npu KOTOpO~1 IIPO.lOJlbHbl1t II nonepesnan M(lMeHTH na pOTOpe paanu Hy.lIOl. II:! ypaRIll'IlIlH (2) II $ur. 4!1 e. 12,. ~lOlKlio vcranoanrs. 'lTO cauan oIlHr. 51. BhlCOI;aJl •TO'llia ~m'" ,~Ul'!ia spa-

.»:

--_.

-~

-,

II{eHIISJ GYAeT naXO){IIThClI II rperr.ex ImaiipilHT6 oueracnoro .10lIaeTJDfII Kpyra (aasaao OTC'ICTa. KaR na ¢nf. ,47;. a ('a~laJ[ 1l1l.31\afl --- D nCpnOll. [,JOROe IIOJlOmeHIIC ;)TIIX TOqCK MumHO aerno onpeaerurt., cc.tu IilflTJ, IlrpBylO npoaaBO,!{HyIO 0'[ ~ II uplIpaBnnTh HYJlIO:

:.~ = al sin
OTClO,lIa
.,

·(-lh
~/'1 . at 1

cos '(=

0;

tc .' '-:'1

arc

s, a

(3)

IJ(\Ul!me~1 ypaaaennayr JlOBOlt CltOPOCTil II yr.10BOI") YCKOPCIlI!JI 1(3XOROfO ABUmCHUfl; ){JISI xero B03bMeM 1 H 2-10 npOll3BO/lRbIC OT yraa ~ [ypaaneane (2») no Bpe!ltlHIf. TaR ImR rrpn YCTaHoBuBlIIeltCJI aHTOpOTa~1l1!

.y=Qt

Ilorpoeaee 06

IITOM

CM ••

Reports

and Memoranda" N~ 1127.

46

TO yrJOBaH_CKOPOCTh:

•
yr JOB06 YCKopCHnc:

(4)

(5)
BbllICHRB xapasrep xaxoaoro ,l(BB3tCHRlI B aai\i\BlIIHCh BCPOIITBblltI sasoHUM HSK6HCHHII yrJIa ssxaxa, MOlERO n6p61TH K paCc)IOTpcOUIO CIWpOCTHoro 1I0JJI OTHOCnTC.IIbHO IIJIOCKOCTIf apamenaa, a nOTOM II OTHOCIITCJlbHO CC'ICHHB .lOnaCTR.

§ f.

KOMIIOHeBTL1

CKOPOCTH

B03~yxa

OTHOCHTeJlLUO

DJlOCKOCTB

apantenaa

pOTopa

IIociynaT6J1bHYIO CKOPOCTb V poropa, nxexnuero yro.t araxn i", JlOlWfca':' paS.IIOlEHTb aa il:BC COCTaB.IIlllOmHC (<liHr. f)2): HopMa.lbHYIO K OCB poropa, JI~~' mylO B nJOCKOCTli Bpam6HHJI 1 V cos i, 11 napa.1JICnHYIO OCII poropaV slrt'i,' , IIOMIIMO CROPOCTH V, 1l03,WX OTHOCBTe.lhRO n.l0CKOCTJ[ BpalI\eHBSl poropa IIMeCT HHllYl;TIIBOYIO CROPOCTL (CKOnocrs, BI,J3BaHaylO pOTOpOM) V. HanpaBJICHHC HH,\yItTHBHOIt CKOPOCTU MOlEHO npn6.1HlECRHO YCTaROBHTh, nCXOfiH 83 C.1C.n:YIOmIlX cooopaaeIIBrt. Coraacno TeOpeMC o KOJlH'ICCTBC .n:BlIlKCHnJl rranpantenue HH.n:yItTHBlion CROPOCTII 6y.n:eT "PSIMO npOTHBOnOJlMKHO HanpaBJl6RRIO "O.llROIt aapOJ(HHaMII'ICCltolt CR.1 bI poropa, a TaR Ralt raas(CHJlLI R II S Ma.H>i no cpasse'110 IIR;,\YKTJlIlllall CKOpOCT~ nanpa-

cf>Br. ;:'2.

ablM ROJlnOHCHTOlf 1l0CJlCil:RCIt JIB.lIJI6TCJI rara HHIO cT., TO, eTa.10-6b1Th, MOlKHO C'IHTaTh, BJiCRa no OCR poropa. Talt Ralt YCT;UIOBlITb il:CnCTBHfMhHLItt saKOB paCnpC)l6J1eHBII IIHilYKTBBHOA CKOPOCTH no ,l{HCItY TPYJl.HO, TO ,1CJlaeTCII il:OnymCHlIC, 'ITO OHa nOCTOSlIIHa no BCCX roxaax oseraeuoro ,l{HCKa. BCJlII'IRHa IIH,l(yItTIlBIlOIt CKOPOCTII ,laBHClIT OT TOn MaCCLI B03i1:yxa, KOTOPaJI noaaepseua ;,\cltcTnlllO poropa,

1 lliOCIWCTbJO npOXO,l.B~B qepes

Bpa1l\ellBlI neHTp

porops

C'lBTaeTCJI

DJOCKOCTI" nepneB,l.BayupRIIJI

OCB poropa

II

BTYJKH.

IIH~YKTHBHYIO CROPOCTI) B UJlOCROCTH iKHJI OlIpe,l.(8JISITb H3 CJleilYIOIQerO ypaaneana:

oseraeaoro

;~IICI(a

I'nayapr nperao(6)

T=2vr.R2pV',
f)le (IPHr.

V' ecrs pe3YJIbTHPYIOIQilR 52), paBHaJI:

V'

nocTyuaTeJlbHolt
2

CKOPO('Tlf

II IIII,lYIiTHBAOI

t'

=VV coszi+(Vslni-v)2.

(7)

lIIopMYJIa (6) J1BJlJIeTCJI JIOrU'IeCKIIM o606IQ8HBell ypaaaennn KOJIlf'lCCTBa )lOHmeHIIJI )1M !iHHTa H l'pbI.1a.j.(eRcTRIITeJlbHO, /.(JlJI BHHTa paaayca R, JlaIOIQefO TJlry T, ypanrreane KO.lII'1eCTBa JlBlIlKCHUll 6Y.lleT:

= 2v

It

RI P VI>

rae

VC-CROPOCTb B03)1yxa CKB03b ,'lUCK BURTa, a v - I111J1YKl'IIBHaJi CIWPOCT!, B nJlOCKOCTH ,l.(IICKa. YpaBHeHlle HOpMaJlhllolt III1Jl1ltTIIBIIOa CROPOCTlf .II.~J1 spsna C noaypaaaaxos l II nO)l'I>8MHOa caroa P, 3.J1J1Unrll'lt'CIiI! pacnpene.ienaoa no paasaxy, 6Y)leT:

P= 2vltl' r V.

B TOM B JlpyrOIi ypaBReHIIRX a;~pOJllfllalIJl'leCI,aJI cura pasna nponanezennro y,'lBoeHHolI HHJlYKTlfRHOlt CI\oPOCTII nil auccv, II B OOOIfX c.1Y'1aJlX Macca pasna UP4)HS·Bei\6UBIO n.10THOCTli na naomaas xpyra CUJI spuaa, UOCTpOCRIlOJ (l sa pas~ axe RaK na ,l.(HaMeTpe) II ua CIiOPOCTI, B03)1yxa CKB03h 3TOT Kpyr. MOlKBO H3 BhlmeCKa3aHHoro 3aKMO'IUTh, 'ITO npn pannsrx nO,l'beMllblX CIIsax JlJJJ1 poropa H spuaa C pa3MaXOM, paanux Jllla~leTpy poropa, I1R)lYKTIIBHI.It· CKOPOCTII 6Y,l.(YT C'lUTaThCJI paBHhlMII npn paBBLIX nOCTY nare.n.nux CKOPOCTlJ x , Baureysasaaaue ,l.(onYIQeRIIJI, KacaIO.lIlHeCJI BeJlll'lHHIl pacnpeaeaeaaa no )lIICR)" H HanpaBJIeHIIJ1IiHJl:YKTUBHolt CROPOCTIf, JlB.1J1fOTCJ1 OCHonHhlMIf B aHaJIII3l' pa60ThI poropa. OIWH'IaTeJIbHO Ro)fuoneHThI cnopocra soaayxa OTHOCIITI'.lbIlO JUICR3 6Y)(YT: 1) OCeBOn C Y'IeTOM JlH~yl,TlIRIIOn CIWPOCTII, nOCTOIJHllhln 110 n~eMy OMeTac.IJOAlY )lHCKY:
II

Vsini-v

=:rQR,

(S}

rne

a: = QR;
HOp}la.~bHIla K BMY, nOCTOJlHHbln n(J aceuy O~leTaeMillly ,1llCKY:

1l

2)

Vcosi=p..QR,
r.te

UI)
poropa.

po

=~

Fcos i

ecrs

XapaIiTeplICTIIKa

II

pelKlfMa

§ 5.

CKOPOCTh aoanyxa

OTHOCnTeJlhDO ,lI0nRCTII pnropa

PaCCMOTpJlM CKOPOCTh soazyxa OTHOClITe.lhHO 9J1eMellTa JlOIIilCTil dr, OTCTp· nniero OT OCII poropa aa paecronnmnr'r: JIOnaCTb 1I.lIeeT yraonoe 1I0JlOlKeHlle 't II yro.t B3Maxa~. B3J1ThIlt 3JIeMeHT npoae csopocren, pacaorpeunux B § 4, 1I11t'CT eme yrJIOBYro CKOPOCTb BpaIueHIIR Q nonpyr ocn poropa II yr.lOBYIO CIiOPOCTI. uaxosoro Jl:Bl!meHUJI ~~. OTROOllre.~hHYIO CROPOCTh noaryxa

y ~.~ellellTa

"a:l-

.~omIlM na )loe COCTaB.1J1fOIIIUX: OCR JIOnaCTII, II na JIemalIlYIO

na pa.'1l1il.lhlIyfO, B IuoeKOCTII,

nanpaasenayro lIopMa.1hlloR

no npoJlo.lbHOn R IlJlO;'IO.lhllOn ocn

47

.,onaeTB. llOCJle,ll.RlOlO eOCTaBJlHIOJl{YIO MbI 0603Ha'lH~1 U. Pa)lUaJlbHOI CJaralOlI\ell eKOpocTH IIp. nO)l.C'Ie'l'e aapO)l.HllaMR'IeCKolt CIfJlbl na 9JeMCHT6 npeaetiperaea H tmaeM, 'ITO aapO;(HRaMH'leCKaSi CRH .~eiKIfT II 1I.~OCIWCTlI, HOpMaJIbHOIl ocn .i01I3CTB, H 3aBHCRT TOJlhKO OT cJlaralOlIlelt CKOPOCTII n aTOn n.10CROCTH, 1'. e {)T U. 060SRa'lIlM yroJl, COCTaBJIHeMbllt CI\OpOCThlO U C n.~OCIWCTblO BpaJl{6HIIH,' xepea (J (rpllr. 53) II paa.loiKlIM CKOPOCTh

V aa:

1) KOMnOH6RT, JlemaJl{IIIt B' llJlOCKOCTII apameaaa II C'IIIT3101I\1l1tcH nOJlOiKIIT6JbHblM,

{'CJlR OB BCTpe'laCT aJICY"HT cos JlOnaCTIl C HOCRKa:

U 2)

rfi

= Ux;

KOMIIOH6HT, HOpMaJIhHblll IIepBoMY II {"IHTalOIIIHttCJI ll~OiKHT6.1bHbI~l, ecsn OB llpOXO)l.HT CKB03b )l.IICK CHlf3Y BBepx:

U sin rfi

u.v'

cl>Rr. 53. ih'R KO\lnORCHTbI

,z,Rr. (rpllr.

54,

nupaaarca

:'14)

TaK:

U, = Ucosrji

Qr +t~Q 118in'~ =!J

iZ(r

+ :Lsln'~),
p.Q

(10)

I',W Qr _:...JltpYllmaH i CltOPOCTh lLQR = VCllS i H3 aanpaarenue r = 1-:R.

epamenaa
KOMlloReuTa,i'-;

a.leMCIlT3, =

-1l- ornocaren.nun
R cos
.~
"

R sin

y-

i1pOeK~fIH

pamyc,

l '. = U sin rji = x !J R Y

dt

'!l_

t'

r<1~Q

era

r1{6.X Q r· ~ -

R =u

ecn,

OC~101t I\O~HIOHenT

Bp3mCHIIJI;

nBIII{Y Ma.1oro

raareunuaasnaa
p3BHhiM

yraa ~ CI\OPOCTb xaxoaoro

I(OMllORCRTa.

C[,OPOCTII 1111.1,1), ornOCIITCJIhHO xa 1.1' Q R B3flT B~leCTO BCJlH'I11l1h1 x I{BlIlKI'HlIH;

/;1
QR

naocsocos ~:

naa

p.Q R

aa naupasrenae
yrJIy.

U,;
~ Ii

BBII)I,Y

R COS <} - npOCKMllJIOCTII yraa ~ sin ~

~p.Q

npHHJlT

KO~1ll0HeHT MCT CJ6J1.YIOll\lllt

[0,
BRI{:

IIOC,1C IIOi\CT3HOBRII •

'!J.

11:1

ypanlleRlln

U1f

[x + a21 p.-airsin·f

(aofL

-l'hl)

cos

y+
npa

+ ~ p. sin 2<} ] .
II••

(2) 11(4)

!IpU-

p.cos:l

+
,J.BRlI8-

1 Hy6o~bmnil yro~ B811&Xa ISYBaeT nOPIIAKa 10-12°.

zonacra

B AeiicTBJ[TeuROCT.

YCTaHoBHBmellcII

B Jia.~LH6Itm6M AJUl OUp6)1e.1eHHJl a"poAUHaMlf'leCKIIX CH.l aa porope lIa~( u&rpe6YIOTCH CJleAYlOIl(H6 BeJlH'lUllbI: 2; UI/; Ur'. Hanamea HX BbIpameHllH, coxpaH~ HUX TO.~bK\l nOCTOIIHHble '1.16Hbl • nepnae rapMOHH'IeCKne 'IJleHbI yraa y:

u, u,
1._ 2

= Q2 R2 (1'2 -~
I

'L2 r

+~"..~i /
I

II .~).
,

( l2)

,
+ xallL
§6.

OJ)

U y 2 = Q2R2[X2 •

+ a 2(~r2 +~1L2)+-!..a 2 (2,ra1 r + ~a12 P. r -~C!L /' +

1 ~

!:! r

2".2 .. ~
•

a 0 V I.TL,.

b; aop.I)Slll'~

+ b12( 1..? + lIL2)+ 2 +(:u·VI'I: - 2.1'11011 +

0

(l4)
i).'l6MeSTapuue

CKJlhl

II ;1;le)h~IITal'l1L1il

Kl'JTJlII~lIa

JlOIllt'HT-

JlOIIIICTII

Baaa CKOPOCTII
.uexenrapaue ellJlbl

B03J(yxa OTHOCIITe.1hHO
H ,MnleHTapHblft

,l:leMeRTa~

aouacru

11 MOMenTa
lAa.1bl \I.

B ananrtasecaon $OpMC HeOUXOiI,IDIO c.ie.ian, 1. YrO,1 rfi ($Hr. ;)3) cxuraercn TOI'J(a

KpYTHlllllft

MOMenT.

dr, olll'e~e.lI1M BhlpalliCHIIIl CR.I ('.lC,lYlOll(lJe J(onyllll'HIlH i(:1JI

U C?S USln!fl=
VTII
It KOPHIO UOJlaCTII j·.lIpaBe,1.1IIBbIMII

!fl = o; = U, }
U,,=rpU,
srepc nepeCT(110T no

(5)
OblTh

4JOp\!yJlbl .ijOl1aCTII,

IIjtIIO.llliKCHIIH

,1nCKtI,

tJOI1IlTHO.

Ha

.pllr.

Jl1lO1'a CIWPOCTII

naaeceunua
II

Ux' KpYI' J(lIaMeTpa d,

HIlJlllCTCa CKOOMCMeCTO)!

rne OHa 55 np-

II

O('('OCIlIIO

II Toil

V COJt

;\lIl1iIWTt'll ;(CTaB.1CII<l

pocrea
raeaoro
yroJI

reOMCT1'll'leCKIBI

ny.ieesrx orpaausuaaer ouiacn,

rJ(e B03_l vx
C 3a)lHelt K 1t'. npn

UYIIKTllPO)I,

~ ..
<1'lIr. 55,
ClI.1 IIi! .).le~ICHTe II

ua aonacrs
rfi

~lICKa.

natieraer I'P(HIIi!1 II 1';(1'

110,'J.C'leTe

npl{OJIllmaeTCH

OlIII!OKa, :iit8I!CI11' 60JlhlllC

BHOCUMall

y l,a:JilHIIUIt
1,(11\ R Ii
=C.

OO,l(lCTII,

OT BMl!'1I1Hhl

llJlll,

'ITO TO m6, OT pcamMa

fL, Tali

!l;

'le~1

TIJ'IHOCTIf: I'aayapr IIjll','(.llliIW,t C'IIlTilT" np6)l6J10M npnxeneaua $OP"YJI, IIOCTpOeflHhlX na YKa3aHII1JX nuure ,~lJllylllcllnHX, rasoe aaaseaae fL, KOri(a eme KlIMUOHeHT CIWPOCTlI U, Oy,~':T . IIO.10lKIITe.lhIIblM ITa aaemnea nO,10RIlHe .tonacrett, :\RlIlKyll!llXCH 1I0llJlTHO, T. C.
TeM Oo.1bllle ynensureaue

fL,

4 H.

n.

BpuynR

49

."

~,<L:,,·:.. t .t: ....

:.:.::- ". t..~~,:

K0341H~lIeHT DO,A'I>eMHOtt HJlbI npocpKJUr J10naCTH, B8IITHI C 6ecaOBe'lROIf y~KBeRHH, C'IHTaeTCH npaao nporropnaoaan.aaa yr.lly aTaitH. Ala cBlllleTpl'IHOI'O Upo4lB:.lSl OR BbJpa3HTCH TaK: .~

2.

UPK

G,,=Ao:,
r.-e

A-

Koa1mnHeRT

nponopUROBaJlbHOCTH;

TaR RaK COf.13CIIO

CPUI'. 53

TO

G!I

o:=.e+rfi,

= A(e + rfi)·

f---- ~-

V
~
-

.....

QJ

Ji Vi
[WI
V

I~.

- 12'

:V L~J/:· I o· s·

y7
I(J"

C".

aIlS
1fT

s:

2,'(fa

Qt C:r

o-------------~O'~I------------~O'2Cm ,
<f>Br. 56. Ha cpur. 56 )l.aBbI Xapa&TepRCTRKIf npo¢lIl.1n· I'eTTIIHreH 429 JVUI A = 00, oUy,lla BII)l.RO, 'ITO npaxas npOilOpUROHaJIbBOCTb Cr yrAy 3T3&R npO¢IIAH napymaeTM, ROrJ1a yroJi aTa&1I aoxpacraer .11.0Kp"Tn'leCROr03Ha'leH"n II BbIme (A18 opo4lIlJlJl feTTHHreH 429 KpUTU'IeCKRI yroA - 9°). J~onYllleHne Cr -= 4Cl nepeeraer 6h1Tb cnpaBe.ll.J111BhlMB,TOD 3(e 06J1aCTR, rre Hccnpane)l.IJ}IBO B ,AODy'

meaae nepsoe.
(DpH

3. AelcTBRTeJIbHhle KoatP"nnellThl A = (0) saMeHHIOTCli IIX cpe;J,HlIM

J106o[loro 311a'IeJlllrll
'1'

couporunaeuan
r,:

)I..1n

npoljlu'(l1
(17)

o,

=0.
CII.I II

TeDepb MeRTe (4lHr•57).

MomBO nepeDTII 0)1.11011 onaera, a

1\

onpeseaeumo .

spyramero

Bdr

HaXO)lJlll\eIlC8

B3 paCCTOHIiBI

:rR

MOMeHTa H3 OT OfK

are-

poropa

00

a) 9A6M6HTapBan

TRra 6y~eT paRHa:

dT} = (0, cos ¢

+ 0 sin ¢) p cRail
ifi
Ii)

!,

rAe

llHpHHa JlOnaCTH pOTopa. 3a~eHHM 0, COrJIaCHO1>0PMY Jle (1 Ma~OCTH YrJIa ¢). "pOH3Be)leHIIP a sin TorAa .t_:

H npHMeM cos if> paRHbllI e)l,HHHue (nBHilY OT6poCHH, KaK cseas r.ra.10e.

liT} = A.pcRdr(8U~ Ilpraasea

BO BHHMaHHe (IT}

+ rfiU

).

paseacrna

(15), no.~y'lHM:

= ApcRdr(8U,,2

+ U.Ur).

(18)

~Br. 57.

b) 3J1e)leHTapBblit KPYTHl~1I11 HOMeHT: ./ aM}

= (a dM1

O,ffi) pcR2 diu2 paseacrna

'" 6 ~ A8rjj).

l/

= pcRS;d;(~U2
(15), 1l0JlY'HI)I:

-1+
(1!I)

IIpHHHMaH BO BHIIMaHlle

= pcR2rdr(oU"Z CIf.1a
I

A8 V"V, - A Uv 2).
Bblpa311TCSI ras:

C) ::1JIe!deHTapHalJ nponoat.aan

(<fJHf. 58)
sin y

tiH, d) ~heMeHTapHan

= ;~ dM

~dTl cos 'j- •

(2{I)

nonepesnaa
,.R

CII.1a:

1181=--,-d-dMtcos,}--

~dTlsin'~. pOTOJ,a
I10.'Y'IHTh

(~1)

§ 7. 'IJOP)ly.UI noamrx
liMeS! .

CU.l

sapaxeaua

)I.M

J.1CMeHTapllLlX CII.l; aerpymo

nosaue

'.11i O)l,HolI xonacra,

a 3aTeM II poropa.

T.tlI'&. HHe

(18)

no

~Jlry

,.O.llHOII: .tOnaCTH B.

nOJIY'lHM,

eCJlII

UpOHIlT6rpHpyeM

ypaBHCI-

= If

npeseaax

OT

0
1

:10

1,

:J;(lfCHIlB B lIeM BblpamcRKH

Uzs

UrU,

113 ypaBReHIfA

(J 2)
1

II (13):

T, = ./dT,
"

=Ap~R j'(HU,2
U
1

+ UzU.,)dr

=
,,.:,:+ ao}'?'

"'''ApcR3Wljl
u

tt (~i+

+ (~·-lllr2 +
-+- ~-bl:j.~) cos'?
, p.8in'})+ ;

+ alp.~)
UJf12)cos

p.2+211/'l,dn

I}) +

sill

+ (b r
l

2-

+
(22)

]d;:"=ApCR3Q2[~(+
+(xp.-~!.

+ (~i1 -l!f+
+
AU

++

+ ~ }1~+
!l11,2)~in'~ ;

':.1 = ApCR3Q2{

+tt(l + ~ p.~)+ 1:1(H +;1;)p.2)-~"l1COStf}.

- ~l (1- ~ (12)] silly + [-:-(1+ :

1l0,lY'IeHIUI 1l0JiHoA cpei\Hclt THl'II poropa, IIMelOll\CI'O Z aonacrea, Mbl )\O.llKHhI npOCYMMupOBaTh raru OTl\eJlbRblX aonacrea, lIpn CyM~HpoBaHHH no 4 HJlll 3 JlonaCTHM nepll01\IIQeCKH6 'ueRhI BhlpameRHH (22) C sin 'i H cos tf B rrOJlHYIO Cpe.llHIOIO rary He BOIt,n.YT, TaK liaR B3allMIIO YHH'ITO>JtaTCH I. flOJlHaJI TJlra pOTopa 6Y.lleT·paBHa:

= __:_T 1,d'~ = 2::

()

j'

20
Zf'Q
I

li3!J2

...

11[...!2

+~ 3

A( 1

+ .2!_"2)] 2"

(231

l!>0pMYJla (22) )I,.'ll Tarn OiJ,HOn JlonaCTII uerosua, TaK EaK B Helt HOT BTOPblX 11 BhlCIIIHX rapMOHH'IeCKHX 'IJleHOB yrJla 't, soropue lie 6bl.1IH Han 2 BKJlIO'I6HhI B BhlpalK6HlIJI UI< H U"U,. Ila nOJlHYIO meCpel\HIOIO TnI')' (2~) BTOPble. H BhlCIIIH6 rapaoaasecaae 'IJleHbl yrJla '1- He ~OBJlnSIIOT. ECJlH B <!l0PMY1Y (23) BBeCT" Eoa«flH~lUlHT aanoaneaun k, nIlJlJlIOD.{uItCJ{ oraomeaaea nOBepXHOCTlI scex JlOIIacTelt K oMeTae~loMy ,~lIrl\y II KOTOPbllt ;us npSllloyroJlbHbIx aonaerea supaaarca:

k =zcR
1 Hanpasep, ~8iD'¥=Sin'h+Sin('l'1+

7tR"

=~

«R'

"PO 4 .l0080CTJlX cyllMa Q.le808 C sin ,1" l'iY.lOT-: ;) +5in('l'1+":)-: sin

Sin

('l'+:

":)'-=Sin'~+C()6'~---

0/ -

cos

0/

o.

62

1'= kpr.:R2(f2R)2.

t
CJlOPOCTII,

T = kp7tR2(P' U)"
OMeTaeMOrO

x = A .T

t,

(~4)

1 :; + 7 e (1 + T p. 2]..

"BJUleTCH aOCOJ1!OTHhBI

iuomam neHIlSI poropa.

Ilpoaoxsaaa

lWa¢mI\l!eHT!a[ rara,

ilIICHa,

orueceauou

IIJlOTHOCTIl B03J\yxa

II l;oCl<fJHHlleRTY aanoa-

l;[)al\paTY

Olippttlillt·

TeJlhHO

~opMYJI(12), !1ylO npOJ\o.~LHylO

au; at, P
C1wy

cn.ra. IIHTerpnpYH ypaaaeaae (20) no r [uuitt'raIlIlB upeanapuII as (2), (18) If (19) II 3aMeHlIB U,,2; uye",; U/ 113 (U) If (14)], a. sare» CpDIIIP~'H nn Z ,HlnaCTSI\I, nll.JlylIIIM no.t-

puropa:
1

l1=c :Tt.rrl~.fdHl'
o (,

2.

zcpRSQ2Al

~ p.~

~--;i.t*)+

H r,l,e h ecrs Koa411II\UeHT

kpr.:R2(Q RF
Cl!.lhl,

. h,

(27)

=A[

3 + '4
.0 Z

X(l1

'1 + 8" fl- (2a + 0

2 0

+ \'.(~-

(JpOJ\O.~"HOIt

pallllhIn:

;r~ )
1 2 -

+ 8;1 (1 + :
b12)
~

2) + \ a II 3)] I 1(1 - "T !12 , ~

p.

(28)

Houepexnaa caaa.

aonacrnu,

Ih[TeI'pnpYII
cpenmoro

nOJlY'llB[

norrepesnyxi

ypallHellHe

('ll) no r II cY'ltmIpyll
CII.'y:

+ ~-(r + "Itt)' _ 2'~ 3

Ull r,8,6

(29)

~::!
S

po

(X..l.. __!_ t1)~ ".(flll \ 2 6

I

_:.:!-4

P. j

2)\

kpr.:R'(QRf

=A

{~I 1 ti (2 + - _:~ o.ao (x ':! 2'

+ 112) + ~
')

. S,

(X +

at)] -

1
\

-L- ~

+ a.a 6

(1_2-'
\

0.2)'I' 4'
e,

~.lJi TOrO IJT06hI Ollpe,\e.JlI!Th KOa~iIlI\IlCHTLl rnru IIPO,\l'.1hllUlI H nonepeuBYX CHI lIO 4l0pMy,1a~1 (~5), (28) II (30), HCO()XOl\IBIO ycranomrrr, csnas MeiK;r.y BeJH'IHHa~!H, BXOJ\SlmID(J! n 3TllypaBHI'HIISI,-p., :C, (10, (/1> b), .A II 8, a IlP" ,l,aHHldX A, A, II aarannou PClJil!)!(' poropa p. lIall'fll .r, (/0' (fl' b).

63

RBI

BOCIIOJI.aOB3BmHCb ypaufJUUeM 118IOBoro AU_.lOIIaCTR H YCJlOBBeIi paB6HCTBa Hpro KpYTJlII{ero XOlleUT& poropa np. YCT3aOBHBmelcn &BTOpOTaUHH.

91'0 Illi Mozear C_'6Jl3Tb,

.s:.

§ 8.

Yp3BBeRR6 .aXOBoro

,lI;B",KCHHR .'lOII3CTB

l'paBHeRHP xaxoaoro IIBHiK6HHJI HaUHmeM, Ift'XO~1I H3 YCJIOBUJI paB6HCTBA By.1II0 CyMMhl HOM6BTOB scex Clf.' .10U;1CTIf OTlfOClfTC,1LHO ropaaoaraasnoro mapaapa, a lIMeBR() ($ur. 59):
I; [

dTlr-

;8

mqrdr=«

2 J~ I~ d1p mdr. ~Qtr'mdr-.

r

dt'

0,

aT

I
111 IIOrORHaR MOMeHT

_gmdr. rd2~ -~·mdr

d(Z
<liur. SQ.

Macca
THR,

.wnaCTH,

[dT1r -_
11

or

[mqrdr
R

",oHeHT OT co6CTneRHoro neca ..onacrs. ~!O"eHT OT UeHTpooelKHolt

f~Q~"mdro
o
060SH8'IHM

CH:tlJ,

.r~mdr

--lIllKeHT

OT CR••

IfHt':pnHH

saxosoro

,'IBIOKt'RHII.

c.WilyrornHe

nnrerpass
R

'lepe3:
(}1'

.{1llgrdr=
o

t::
R

= 11'

11 S1B.lSeTCJl MOMeHTOM' HHepl.\HH aonacra OTHOCHTe.1hlIO rOpH30RTaJH,.oro mapaapa. Tor)l;a ypaBHeRHe xaxoaoro ,'\BlUlteHnJl npnver BHi!.:·

.f
o
lloAcTaBJlJlJI

dT1r--

1-

Q2I1~ --11

~1,~ O.
If

cIOAa 3Ha'leHlfH

d2~ ~ H ;[tl H.:! ypaB_HeHIIII (~)

(5), nO.'Y'IIOI:

dTlr -

Gl

(10['

Q!-~

0,

tTlf)l.a BIfARO, 'ITO eC.1H B ypasaenae )~.UI yr.~a;~ BK,1IO'Ienbl rOJlbl\O nepIHe rap!lOHH'IeCKH6 '1J1eHbI, TO MOMeRT OT TMH OTHOCIITe.1bHO ropaaonrarsnoro mapHJpa JlBJlSleTCJI rrOCTOSlRHbIM II He3aBHCSIllIHM or yraosoro n 0.1oxen lUI .10_CTH. Hall)l.eM BblpalK6HH6 AJISI MOMeHTa TilrII OTHOCIITeJlhHO rOplI:lOHTaJlhHOrO lIIapHHpa rrYTeM HHTerpllpOBaHIISI aupaaennn d'Ilr no r OT 0 ",0 R. R3HR dT1 113 tOpMYJlIl

(18):

o
':, ';p,

./dTlr

= ApcR2./<.,U",1
0
I

+ UrUy) rdr = + 2~r2siDJ.) + xrs + '

't

+blll-Zr)

+ (xll-r - a1r +
3

= ApcR4QI![ o

6(rl

+ ap.tr) sill
a, 4'

Il-Ir

+ (blra-aot~r2 +
+

COS

'i'] dr = .ApcR4Q2l1D.

2 ,xl~ + (3' up. -r- 2' -

+ (+ - a;fL +
= ApcR'QS{ : ++6(1

+ 8" IIIIl-2)'~III ,;. + 1

bl!l-2)
COS'~ ]

tt

(1 +

1-'2)

+tJ.2)+!-[2t1(X+

~ 6)-

-al(1-+!l-~')lsill'f+Hbl(1+

! :12)_: aOi~]cl\s'~}.1
(a'~),ilp"M
IIMeT!. OK"H-

IIo,l\cTaBJlJIJI rrOJlY'IeHROe supaaesae B ypaBHeHHP 'l6TeJlbHblit BHA· ypaBHeHHII xaxoscro ABIIlReHllJl:

.ApcR4Q2{:

+ 6(1 +:L2)+ }[Zp.(x

+

+ +6 )--(/1(1-

~ !1a)] lll'~+ S u

+ ~[bl(1 + ~ 1121_

aOl1JCOs'd--

OJ -lIoIIQ!"

9TO ypauaeaae AO.lllKHO YAOB.II6TBOPJlTbCR IIJla .1!I060M yr.lloBoM 'ITO B03MOlKHO T{lJILKO npa rymccTBOBaH1I1I C.IIe.llYIOrnllX ypaBHeHIlIt:

IIOJlNReBHK,

ApcR4Q2 [~

+l-

~IL(X +
Bs

f+(1 + fL2)J f+)-at

_-

h) ( 1
H

++
p.2) 4

(1-

+ 1,2) =.0;
aoll

()t -

ao!)!:!

0;

(:~~\
sepea
x, l'

(I.

f+

3TIIX TaR:

ypaRHcHll1t

K03r~ll~lIeHTbI

ao, a),

"Ion
_

pt';\c.1111HrCII

ao

= "( 3 [!!... I

+ !_ foI( 1 +
2f.'

u2)) '

I, !.ll,

!!'(35 )

(I

= 1

(x+~
l-

H)

f."

~'

b1 = :~r)le "f = --

HOCTtJ poropa aD. RorAa

ApcE' I)

- OTB.IIe'leHH'1II Be.Hl'lIfHa,
TO aD

JiOTOPOf!IIjlOIIOp'(IIPllaMH

yro.ll

liOHyC-'

r = 0,

=0

J!

=b, = 0

(ecJIH rrpeHeOpeqh JlOlIaCTJlM,

Be.llH'IBHO.", ~ KOTOPblX porop

H 3TO COOTBeTCTBOBaJIObI 08CKOHe'IHO TIIlReJibIM 6

Be HMeJl 6bI yr.1a ROBYCHOCTlr flo E .lleRCTBIlTelhHOCTII T paBHa

He JlMeJl Obi OT H .110 12.

aanaaa

npu
lIa60R.

§ 9. YpllBuenue uYllt'Boro
Cpe.ll.H1l1t KpyrJlIlIHII
I..

KpyTSlII~PI'O

~()MNITI\

M"oMeIlT poropa

pasen:

= zc P E2 27:

j'de" '

}'(o U 2 -.r

A A U,/" {' -.1

''.

1/

2) r tl r

= zc P R4Q2 A [4~ ( 1+ p.lI) -

_+

e ~- ~b~' (

a~, (

1+

p.2 ) -

aD" p.2

+ °0 :1f.'

+!

p.lI) -

~ .l'flJp.J.
poropa .lI.O.lllK6R MOMeHTa POTOP'

Ilpa YCTaHoBHBllIeltCJI asroporanaa KpYTlIlI{HIt ~IO\lflIlT 6bITh paaen HYJlIO. Ilpapaaanaas Bblpamelllle ,11,.1111 apyraurero HYJlIO, IIO.lYQRM ypaBHeHH6 nyaesoro Kpynllllf'I'O MOMt'HTa:
4A

~('1

P.

)_8X 3 _~_~" 2

2f

-_!_a
4

Or

tL2+aob'I9_~!'{
:,

8\

1 +!.2

p.1)-

_ b{( 1 + _}p.1)
56

==

O.

nO,l\CTaUJISI B aTO ypasnenae IiJleHOM ~2 B BhlpameHIHI

nxecro

ao, alibI

IIX Bblpall\eHlIll Mh!

H3 l~Op'l!y.m

(:~;-l)

J\.~SI 00

'IIOHCHO npelll~6pe'lh).

noc.re

IH'!WT')PhIX

: npe06pa30Bulllflt

rro.qY'IHM OKOH'IaTe.1J,HO: 2~

(1 + 112) =
1,1 -

.J'

(.r + _~ H)

_J

, + p.2 (:r + ~ tl) {:~x( 1 + ~ t12 ) + ~ H ( 1 _L

~ 112

~~ 1'"

II

iho ypasueaae nropon crenenn OTHOCIITeJlLHO II In Hero onpe,~c.111~H',ll .1' z, npH onpeaexeaaux A II CBollcTBCHHblX ,~aHHo"y npOIIJII.llO, npu B3HTOM yrJle YCTaHoBKlI (B pamaaax) II .l\aRO~I-JlIIGo B"l6palilloll pelKIIMe 1'. , ECJllf B npason 'IaCTII ypannenun (:.Jh) COXp<lHlITb TO.11>KO lIepllblll 'I.len, TO ypanueuue 6YJ\eT COllTBI'TCTBOllaTh e.1 \ '1<110 ili~nl\o Jal\pCfI.JellllhiX xonacren. YpuBHeHlIe (36) llOilWO, npeoopaaonan, lIj1t';1CTilIlIITh erue R ('.H'J\\'HllllP\I BIIJ\e, fiO.lee YJ\06HOM }PlI pCllIeHIIR:

a,

"P"

rJ\e

1 = 1'2 L~·21 + ~ 1'2) ( 1 (

~1'2

r
I,

+ 3( 1 + ip.2

'j ( 1

02

= (f12

L~8(1+
2~

+(1\ + _!__u.2)(12
p.2 )

1-'2)] ,

(1 + ~ IL2)( 1-

lU2)2, 2' ~

112

Y +~ (I + ~ I"]_,
~p2

c. =

1'2

[21'8(1+p.2

C, = -

. ( 1 + f12 )( 1 + 21)( 112

n1 +

+~ (1 + ~)(t - ~ 1'2)2;
jf12

)(1- ~ t12)2 +~ (1 + ~1,2 )(1+

1-~_ 1'2) 2 .

)J:

nOC.1e onpeaeaeana x Bee KOfl!flIlUIICIiThl CIlJl 1'01'111'a IIP:l AaHnO~1 I' eraHOBIITCJI 113BeCTRhlMH,a T,tI(ate I13BeCTIlbiM ,l\C.meICIl vaxonoe ,l\BlIlRl'lIlfl', Tar; sas onpeJ\eJlJIIOTCIl aD, at. b1 113ypauaeuaa (3;), It03if>1I~HeHT nonepevaon CIf.1bI poropa nO.H'IeHHblR n!l;tcTanoIlKolt JHa'1eRRIl x npn J\aRHtlM f1 B ypaanenua (:iO), easa .111 Gy~f'T COOTReTCTIlOllan. Koalflu~HeHTY nonepesaon CIIJlhI ,lJ.eilcTBlITeJlhHOrOporopa, TaK K31i nee ¢OpMy.m reopaa anroacapa tlLIBeJ\eHbI 113 IIpe)lIIo.l0lReHIJR, 'ITO HII,IYI\TIIRIli\1l ('KOPN"lh 110 BceKY OMeTaeMOl1Y;tIlCKy nOCTOJIIIHa. B ,~et1cTRllTe.ll'(lorrll lRe oua I1:.1I'CTnepu'O,l\H'IeCKHIt 3aKOH pacnpcreaenna. Ha Mi\.WX yraax araun 111) ;tHu.l01IlL (' spu.10M, IIMeI01I111MH.lJIIIUTII'IeeIWe pacnpeae.ieune Illlpl\y.1JIHIIlI. IIIl,1YI( runnaa ('1(0POCTb fiYJ\eT IlO:JpaCTuTh 01' lIepeJ\lIeft 'laC-Til J\IlCKa K 3a;111 I' It , a rraJlo.OI>ITh,.

s,

~7

OCeBaR CIOPOCTb CIBOSb ,AHCS 6y,lteT roae MeHSlThCJI, y6YBaJI cnepeAH H333A, .T() 9111HB3JIeHTHO YBeJIU'leHHlO yrJla KOHYCIIOCTH POTOPa. YBeU'IeHHe ace yr.la Qo' B CBOlO O'lepe)l,b, B.!~'1eT YBI·.m'leRHe H3KJIOll3 na lioR UJlOCROCTUBpameHBII poropa [ypasaenae (35)J. Iloiiepesaaa CII.la CII.~bHO sanncar OT Be.1H'IUHY HasJlOHa B 60R H I!OJTOMY, oupeaeraaee "3 YC,10BUII paauoaepsoro pacnpejezeaaa BHAYKTHBHoit CIWPOCTR no ,~IIClty, MY ,lteJlaCM OlIIHUKY, BeJlH'IHHY KOTOpolf TpYAHO onpeneanrs, Ha ne.llI'IIlRY T1Im H rrpl';(OJlbHott CHJlY B03paCTaRHe IIH)lYltTlfBHOn H3 ABCRe crrepeaa nasaz BJIHJleT He3Ha'lHTeJIbHO. CKOPOCTH

§ 10.

nepHOJJ;D'IeCKOe

BIJ1l6B8BB8

yr ....

a.llxa

J100aCTB

B yl'J1&

aT&KB

Ce'leBBB

J(ODaCTH

. !Tn ~ no

BYJlCHeHBJI xaxoaoro ,D;BBmeHHJI aa pa3HYX pemHll3X H lISM6HeHBil a TaK me i\JUI BYRCHeHUJI BJlBHHUS! MaXOBOrO ,D;BBmeHHSIH3 HCTBSHyl yro.l aT3ltll (); ceseaaa no BymerrpRBe)leBHYM ~opMYJlaM CAMaK nOAC'leT ,I;.'H poropa, HMeIOmero c.:le,W!(1IIlHe yrrorpeeareasaae B Ilp3RTHRe napaserpa:

11111

4,

1'=10; P·;Oll· -0,· COS 'P -

8=2".

P
/6

<,
/
~

S/

<, ....

_
I

-,
If

'&

7r-,
i\
\

/'"

'Jjntp
<,

"0
OjO

'\

..
~

f=a,stn,!, -t7cos ~ \~

-,

I~08 0,06

/
V

ff

0,011 0,02

p9-O,co;'IJ ~4sinr

1\

" \iff
,

/
J_

2fT

aas

"-~V
~.r. 60.

i-,
a

0,()II

.-

"-

Vl

406

npO~H.lb JIOilaCTH pOTopa-CIfMMerpH'IHbllI, I'cTTHurCH 42~j, II )PH Hero npsRRTO A = 3, 8 = 0,006 (06 ouease neJlII'1II11 A II 6Y)ler CKa3aHO HRae). PesY.lbTaTY IlO,D;C'leTa IIpe)lCraBJIeHY B CJIt'JlYIOiIlHX rpa~HKax: na ~Hr. 60 1 d~ 1 d I~ He J'I30(ipameHY KpHBye~, Q J1 II W d tt rro ,~, xapaKTepllsYlOiIl MaXOBOI' JlBHlKeHHe JIOIlaCTH npa
1

pemHMe !~=

0,4

1.

PeE.1(

BSIIT

npOHSBOJbBO.

P=a
100

0-

--

a 1 cos' 0/- b 1 cos' "

- --

-~I
'__ ~_

r--

__ : I

..... ao

r--..
to

i-- -.....

-... .............

-.....
~

!-)o

,_L-L!-_/
1 I

--_j
-,

I -I 1-~j:5~_l- I :I
',---+_

.-J--

/'
I

I _,-:'

L1
J

v-

t-:s:~
=o
I

~
--f---

0.4

O_j~

--_ n.5 "

'I'll'". G 1.

4>nr_ 62.

~yphe ao

~Hr. 61 II ,AJIJI yrJla

TaOJl. 2 naaaxa ~

no <IlopMy;re

(35)

i\aIOT SHa'leHIIR lto9qlllI~KeHToB 00' a" b1 PJI~a B aasacaaocrn OT po (npn rrO,!(C'leTe K03<1lnI(HetlTOB G BeJm'lllHoit I ~. npeneopeaeno). IIo I(PJlRf.lM BHI\HO, 'ITO
1

C BOSf,acraHJleM po (CROpOCTh YBeJIJI'lIlBaeTCII) yrJlhlHaKJrOHa TUOCItOCTJI II spameaaa aaaar YBe.ll1'lHBaIOTCR.

yro.t
01

IwnYCHOCTJI ao YOhlBaeT, HO H BOOK b1 C yncJlII'If'lllIeM p. FJIon aTaKII a 1\.111 C(,peaalM(, 11= 0,4. l'ro)J a

Ha <Illfr. 62 nocrpoenu ItPIIBhItl l\eltcTBuTeibHblx 'JeHRIl JlOrraCTII O,~ R II R B SaBIICll'tlOCTI! OT'~ rrpn rrOi\C'JHTI>lBa.1CJI110 <p0pMy.le:

a=

e + rfi .... e + arc

tg __ J/

u£

( 37)

U", II VII opa.mCh IIO ypaaaeaaax (10) II (11). CII.IIOmHble spasue COOTBeTCTBYIOTmapanpao-spenseuojt .10naCTlI, a nYHRTHpoM-mecTKo KpeIIJIeHott. B CJIYlJae lKeCTKllX aorracrcrt IICTllllllhIe yr.lh1 arann C1 IIOi\C'JHTI>lBaJlHCh no ypasuenaic (37), no nCJllIlJ II IIa Vy, R nero BXOI\S1II\all,6pa.1aCh .cooTBeTcTneHHo lmecTRo apenaenon JlOnaCTII. 113 "P3RHCIIIUI 3TI\1 KpHBI>lX BH,!(RO BJlIIHHlIe mapaapnoro KpenJleHIISI na nBMI.'HI.'HIlC IICTIIHnoro yr.13 aT3KH
Ce'leHlIJI. IIPII yro.1 YUOBOM nOJlOmeHlIlI'
'It

2' xoraa xonacrs

HaXOl\lITCSI Jl CYMMe CKOYMrnhllJaeTCR H,

poerea,
llaeTCR.

araan

naoriopor, npn

T1t,

ex OnrO,'l3pll Itorl\a

M3XOBGMY /1BlIlKt'H1IJO CIUbllO

,10lIaCTh Ha_.",{O'!(IITI'R P<L3lfOCTIII'KopocTell.--YBeJlH'JHn

§ 11. Iloaapa
)J;JlSI a3pO,llIlH3~lI'leCKOrO OTHeC6HHhle K nocrynarexsaoa

po'ropa

pacsera

Y,ll06HO HMeTh xapaarepucrasn poropa, CItOPOCTH V, T. e. Koa$nnlleliThI 1I0i\'heIiHolt CH.~h1 II J10001l0ro ('onpOTIlBJIeHIIJl poropa, Onpeaerenne Koa<pH~HeHTOIl nOI\'he~1II0n CIIJlhI 11 .'1060soro COnpOTIIBJleHIISJ, a T<LKmI.' JIenHO~1 yr.16 aTaRII poropa, a CT3J10-0I-.lTh H IIOJlYlJeHlle 1I0JlJlPI>l, MOiKHO BeCTH ,lIBYMs{CJIe,llYIIII\IIMH

xasccrna

poropa

npn

onpeae-

cnocotiaaa.

If .~o6oBoe conpOTIIRJlClIlIC porspa (.pllr. li:q lII~paiKaJ()TCJl sepes TlIl'y T II npOIlOJIhHYJ(I CII.1)' H ('J!r:IYloIIIIBf OfiP330M: ~Br. 63.

aero nO)l;C'It'T8.

Cnoco6

nt'I10Cpe)l;CTBt'B-

lIO;11

exnaa

CJI.1a

= 1'1'08 i - H sin i;l ('J8) Q=Tslni+Hcosi.j·

- Ec.lH llO,ll'heMHYIO CHJlY

II ~MeCTO

II

.Ii JOOOBOeCLiUpOTHBJleBH6 poropa OTReCTHK p'ltR2 In 1I0,llCTaBHTh HX asaseaaa HS ypaBl!eHJlft (25) 11 (27), TO TlOJlY-

60

'laTCJI

aOCOJlIOTHble

KOa<tlllI(HeHTLI

nO,'('beMHolJ

CH.1LI

If .'IOOOBOrO

conpOTHB.1eHHB

poropa:

c
C

«»

= __ p __ = Tcosi-J[s~nl pit R 2 VI 0 TtR' P •

= kcossi_
3

",'

(t-htrri);1
\
\

"I

'I

xp

= _<J_=
PTt}l"V2

tsini+Hcosi
pr:R"V'
II

=Kcos i(t.!
",'
:maTh

I+h)
11

.,

i
II }TO.l

'IT06bl

onpe,'(eJIHTb

Clip

O"p
(1-.

HylKHO

KPOMO

araxn i npa

11. eure

COOTBeTCTBYIOmeM

UJlJl onpeaeaeaaa

yraa i npn
1l

,'J.f1II1IOl! IL

aocnoasayeaca

ypaBReHIIt'M

(8)

:rQR

=r

sill

i-v

HJlH

V sill i = xQ R
3aMeHHB B HeM

+1'.
pa3)(e.IUB

n:1 ypanaeaas (ti) II t'

.dlR, V cos i T

aa V cos I, 6y)(eM

HMel'h:

2 ;-;l'-c-os=-':-'?lC-R-;::':-:~;-;)~'

-T

ypanuemno

IIpHHHMalI

(25) nepea lcJtR2(Q Nj2.

BO HI!lIM<lIlIIC

ypaBlIelllIJl

t,

110.1 Y'UI M:

(7), (8)
kt

It

(9)

It JalleHJIII ,

coraacno

t" i = -p.' ~
OTKyaa

.L

2;.LV

p.1I

".:1

(40)

onpeaeaaerca coo noscuera O"pll

(39) caasan C O'lCHb rpOM03;l.IaDI BbI'1l1C.1eJllIeM K03iflIJ1II(lIeJlTa npO)l.O.1bHotl l'H.1LI It [ypasaeaue (28)]_ Onocori uoncsera no.tapu poropa 110 6aJIUHcy !IOlIlBOCTB. Ilpa YCTanuRIIBIUeltCJI anroporauuu poropa KPYTRlIlIlIt ~!O~!ellT paneu O. nOJTOMY MOmHOCTb, aarpauunaeaan na POTOP, i\BlIlKYUlllnCJl l' nocrvnaren.non csoPOCThlO V, 6yaeT panna Q V (rue Q-.l0(\l)BOC conporn U.leIlll e).
GilI'

FO.l

;J.JlJI

no

ypasaenmo

,l(aHHOro

p.,

eC.1M YlKe onpe,'(O.1eHbI

II

t. Cno-

Il_1.CT Il OCFIOlllW)! r:o )J;llyM nyrnx: poropa T CO:li\aCT llH.l.j'KTllUHylO CIWPOCTb IIHIIYKTIIBHOlt cnopocrn 3al'pa'IIIUaCTCJI ~!olll"OCTt. T· r, 2) aa npoiflu.1bHOe conporaaaeane lia)K,!(IJti 3.1CMCHT !tIOnlHOCTb o.,(!cRdrfrs, a cpeauee .maseuue 3aTpaTJ,1 ;3aTpaTa

1)

rnra

MOlllHOCTI!

11

ua

C03,!(aHIIC

aTolt
poropa

.10naCI'1I MOmHOCTI!

aarpaunuaer
,!(J1Sl

JlOrraCTffMIt

6Y)(CT

BhlpaiKaTbCII:
=~

N "}l°P
Y paHHCHIIC
AJlII Ga.lanca.

:.!1t.

I' d,~ I'e

'2:-: 1

'.

.~

IlcRd -;: t».

MUll{1I0<.:TU

6y)(cr:

(41 )
lIOTCPIO epeauee na npo<tlll.lhHoe COllpOTIIB.1CHIIC ~. MOlKRO BbI'lnC.lIlTb, IJ.ljIB BMCCTO

C_
61

npoiflU.1hHoe

COnpf)TUIl.leHlte

B
H ror,.a

D8pBOM rrp&6.nrICeBRH 1 OTHOCIITeJlhHasJ eKopOCTL paaaa:

U = QR
2~ 1

(r + f1 sill ,p,
2~ 1

N.. ,. = :1tffapCRarU3 "

000

= ~Z1t d4./8pCR4Q3(i f
= kpTt R2 (Q R)3

= zcpR'

QS+ 0 (1 + 3p.2)
=

+a

+ I' sill 'Wdr =

(1

+ 3pol).
rorm:

(42)

nO,llCTaBJISIeM Bhlpal«eHUe

(42) B ypanneHHe

6aJIaHCa (41),

- QV

KpTt R2(QR)3+

a (1 + 3p.2) t vT.

EMR, MLI pa3~eJIHM 06e 1JaCnI ypanaeunn aa P V, TO nO.1Y1JIIMBhlp3lK6HHC ,It.lR neU'lHHLl, 06paTHott Xa1JeCTBY poropa, npnlJeM BMeCTO .P T cos i - Hsln i 6y,lteH e'lHTaTL P = Teos i, 9ro BrIOJlOe ~onyCTHMOe npu(jJIlIlReHIIO, TaK KaR H sin i G.4RSItO It BY.lIO npn ManlX yrsax i, a npu OO.lhmllX yraax i npoaoasaaa CIfJla ,Il6.laerCSI 01JeHh MaJIott no cpaBIICHlJIO C T,

ITas:

.9.Y __
PV

Kp1tRt(QR)I~(l 41'cosiJ'

+ 3fJ-1)-+

vT Teos if'

= 6(1

+ 3fJ-1) + _v_.
4p.t

'

VC08.

EelB BHeCTO v noacrasars ero 3Ha1JeHHe 11:1 ypaaaenaa (6). TO OKOB'IaTe.lbHO B6JIB'IHHa, 06paTHaSI Xa1JeCTBY poropa, 6Y.ll.er BhlpamaTbCH TaK:

0",)
0"
p

=!L=&(1+3fJ-1)-+
P 4fJ-t

2fJ-V fJ-"+ x2 OHa

kt

(43)

Apyrolt

CTOPOHbJ, Il3

ypasnenaa (39)

paaua:

. L I. Igl-.

OTRyJl8 h

° l+(=-).tg 0,

c'. (_.L) , _ C,
j

tg

.
h t "t')
t " •

h'
~,

.,

(44)

Upeo6pasye»

supaaeaae

(39) AJiR 0,1' cJle,!!,YIOIIJ,HM otipaaoa:

O'p ._ Ktcos'i 1'-1

(1-_

(45)

"OCTaT01JHott .II.JlSInpaKTHlaI AJISI

TO'lHOCThJ{l MOlKHO nO.lh30BaTLCJI CJlCJlYIOInH.

BblpameHueM

CVp: C. =
/I

-+
fJ.

cos i .

(45')

1 OceBoli CItOPOCTbll U R pa.aUlUbllOil fJ-QIl cos'~ npeaeoperaerca. 06 JUTe pa.-anBoli CKOpOCTIIB nO,ll.C'I"Te norepa n np0<!>ul.Boe conporaeaeane eM.• Reports and MelLOrands- }i 1111; npazoaeaae 1.

6!

Terrepb Mill BMOOM BC6 HCOOXO)l,HlILlC ¢OpMyJlIJ )\.111 BbI'lIlCJlCBB8 Koe¢lInH6nra nO)l,~eMHOA CHJlbI II JlOOOBOro conp0THBJlCHHR no oaJlaBCY sneprill. Bbl'IHCJlCHH6 HymBo BCCTH B TaKOn noc .re)l,OBaTC.~bHOCTII: onpCilCJlHB x .ll.lll .~aHHoro j.L no ypaBH6HlfIO (36), m,mIC,lIICM: 1) t IIO ¢OPMYJlIl (25), 2) 3aT6W

(g'")

no ypaBueHHIO

(43), 3)

)I.<lJIec i lI3 ypaBHeBlIll

gp HHn

(45)

lIJIH

(45'),

II, HaKOHCI"

5)

no GyP H

Bror ClIOCOO Bbl'lI!CJlCHIiH ne l'P66yeT noacsera Ito;)4mnUeHra nporo.n.noz CULl no ¢OpMyJlC (28), 6J1aro;(apn 'leMY BIHHCJlHTeJlbUaR patiora COKpaU(aCTcR. HymHo BCC me OTMeTHTb, 'ITO 113.10iKCI1Hhllt ClIOCOO 6a.1aRCa ,!HCprHH 6y iteT .llaBaTb neCKOJlbKO npcyBc.l(l'leHIlO!~ Ka'leCTIlO poropa, T~1t KaR Bee B03K{)lKBbll' norepn
Y'ICCTh UeJlh311.
H BJlHHUHC HI 113 xapSKTCIIIIC'fHKD

c; cnpcre.iaerca
c

(40), -!)

GyP

H~ G«p'

ypasne-

§ 12. BLIOOP napaxerpoa

H3

poropa

Ka'leCTBO poropa I{ Koa4111nHCHTnO,~'J,C\lllolt CIIJbl aanncnr, K,U, aTO BIIARl\ ypasaeaaa npe)l,blAy(qero naparpaea, OT CJle!'\YlOn(lI~ napa)(E'TpoU: o·_ cperaero npoqlllJlbHoro COllPOTI!B.l!'Hllll, A - raareaca yraa lIaK.l'llI<l Iqli: Rn!! ('If ((0 ;1.1il npodnu» .10naCTII, k-IwaiJ!¢il~neHTa aano.meunn, e -- yraa YCTaHOBlW .iouar ru II
(J.

"( --- OTB_~6'leHHOA BC.Hi'lllfihl

A ( "(

peR' ) I, .

B.llIHIIllJI I.ajl;!~oro· napauerpa na xapa!,repIlCfllI:lI por-pa yCT<lIlOI1CUOCpe~crBeHHU 1l:1 ypacaeaun TP),:{HO, n03T0~IY llMiKC Cp<lBIIHBaIOTC/I xapanrepacruxa poropa npu pasnux 3Ha'ieHIU1X oanoro napaaerpa II npn CIlUTBeTCTBeHHO pasuux zpyrax. XapaKTepUCTHRIl poropa ;,.UI rasoro cpaaaennn nO.l\CqIlTbIRaJlUCh no cnocor.y OaJlaHCa aneprnn. 3a llCXO)(IIb1C napauerpu npaHIITbl A 3, 0=0,006, B=2°, k = 0,1 II "( 11). Pe:JpbT<lT(J n!l,lC'IeTOR CB6)1.eHhl B TaG.~. 3-8 II ll300palKeJlIJ 11:1 rpa!flllRax (iJ!II r. fi4-68). Ilynarnpnue KPHUbiC OTIlOCilTCH K P010py C llCXO"IIb1MIl napaaerpaxn, a ·O('.TCl.1bUble KPliBldC It POTOPY C napaserpaun, OTJlII'(H1>BlU OT ucxornoro, II (UIOIOT COOTBeTCTnYIOII(Ue Ha)l,OHCH. Cpannaaau COOTBeTCTBYlOllllle npnnue, )JOlKIIO nll.1CTL CTelICHb JlJlIU1IIHR Kall>/lOro napaserpa aa Be.~(('1l1Hbl KaqeCTB<I II IW3rpll((lIellT no;rhellllUlt CII.1Ll. Ilpn aJpO)(HHaml'IeCROM pacsere poropa I1pnXO)l.IITCJl )(cnTh A II 110 xapaKTepUCTJIKe npoifJUJIR ,~OII<lCTII. He nno.me Y.'I.<L'IHbln BblIJJp arux B('.m'IRH Momer npnsecru It omutise B onpeaeaean« xapasrepncrus poropa. Bhl60p napaaerpa A ~.lH aanno: O npo$UJlH aonacrn MOlKllO c;tt'.~aTl> )(OBOJlbHOaerno no rpalpl!li)' Gy no (X )(.111 npoqill.lfl npu A TaK lial, A. CCTb Koa$H(~l1eHT npOnOpI(1I0rr3JIbHOCTIl Cg yr,1Y (l ,~O R}lIlTl!'JecKoro yr.l<l a13S((. Be.1ft'1BOa A )I..lil scex TCOpCTII'IeCKlIX "poqlll.len comacao reopuu xpura II n.rocno-naP,aJlJlCJlbIIO}l nOTUlW paaaa "', !(JIH )(enCTIlIITe.lbHLlX npu¢%lell (lila GYilCT Mem.mt'. I'as, nanpnsep, AJIfl rrpO(jllfJlJl I'errnuren 4~~' neanunua A = :1. 11:1 dmr, 64 BIf)l,HO, 'ITO ne60Jlhmarr ornu6Ka B onpeaeaeuaa A lie CKa;i\CTCrl auaunre.isno BHTb

Creneas

B1"r or

= =.

aa xapaarepucrnxe

poropa.

I'opaaao AlCHCConpeaeaenen BI.dGOp 0 I;O.I!P((((IICJ:T<l rpc.tuer» npo¢III.(hHOrn conpoTIIBJJCOl!Jl, a MeiK)I.}' TCM 011, CYilJl no KpllBhDI <Pill'. Ii;:" ('IUhHO MlllleT na Ka'IeCTBO poropa, II ~1I BbIGope 0 J!a,W IICXO)(IITb npeai;tC ncero 113 roro, 'ITO 011 IWJI>I(eH 6blTh 60Jlhme R034)Jll(lICllTa Jl060noro conpOTlIB.lelIIIJI npotf!n.lfl sa Ka..lb1X

yrJlaXiaTaRH, TaK !taR Koa<pHl(HeHT ilOJliKeR Y'IeCTb YB6J1H'I6RHe Jl060BOro con po BJleHIIJI aa JlOrraCTH, )(BlflKymeltCSI nonarno, KO[')I(\ Y['O.~ arasa, Ralt 6b1J1o BbI yRa3&HO, aa H6ltOTOPO\[ Y'IaCTIW Mo;neT ObiTh 1l'[t'lIh 60.~hlliHM H ItOr){3 BHI MeeTO CphiB CTPYK. Koa<p[f~BeIlT 8 )(Jl/I rrO!(CTaHOBKU B ypaaneune nyaenoro MOMellTa MOlK 6paTb npuli.1If3I1Te.1['HO HCI ;)O%, OOJll,ure KoaifJlII(UeHTa JlOOOBOro conporanaem cooraercrsyomcro Ma.1hlM yrJI3M aTalill rrpor{lIIJIR. IlPOBCPIWlt npaBII.lhHOC Bhloopa .) OT'laCTH )lOlIteT CJlYilCIITI. C.1t'.1YlOmnHcrroeofi

•
•

Ilorepn y
""fI~

MOll\fIOCTll

H,l

[[PO'PII.lblllle

!'OnpOTlIll.1CIlUC

npu

;I, a II 110M l~

nupa

maercn B o6mcll' BH)(e ran:

..!_fd'lf·c
21t '.

p
~

RcdrCs

= krrR2

p ('lU)!

211t

+ p. sin 'Wdr.

'0

I"d

2.'

9j'C~ (r

BeJIH'IUHY
,1 JI f1I'JeCKlf, rro rrpU'I6M

!;.t rl ,~./'
o
0 HYiI(fIO

2K

Or (r

+ f.L

su:

,()I

dr

lWiKHU

BbI'IIfCJlHTh rrO.l0iKCHIIJI

rpalPoaJl<l,~ caoe

6epJI

xapaarepacruse
lIOCJJe)J.HlIlf

)J.JlJI KaiK.lIOrO Ce'leHIIJI I' II "pOqlUJ511 COOTflCTCTBtHHO

yr.rouuro

IICTlIHH(l)JY

yr.1Y

ex

araxu

Ce'lCHJlJI, SC.1H'IIIflY

Dhl'IIIC.1I1Th no
2:1

ypaRReHlI10

(:n). dr

OGOJRa'lIIB

Z;. I o Cr; 05 0.4 03

ot'

J' a '1./' c.i- +

()
C'f
-~

f.L

sin'JI)3

l!
~~

1° \ '\ _. -7C_1 ~ r0 - ~--~l0",0.004 0·0008 II

-

10y~;-::;':;~~~ --~ ;.. ~ / V/

-~~~ ·0008
-

-+t--

~.-~30-004

-1-

.N.
~\,

c-L_

5-

~'

-3

'Cr c

--

f--

o. I o

). W'

'£f'

---c-

-- ~I
--

I'
1

.-

-'
~I----

20

~~ ~

'- f----

.-'---'--·-~-~-r-~
.-

F
-

-- . --

-_.

--

-~
0

40

50

fO

I---L-

-- -_ --'__ --

f--

f---.--

------

r--c---

.- -f- --

---

1- .

r-6

~ -- 1\'
'\ ~-I---

---

- -.

(~;--f--

8
f-- -

~~-_ r-..~

0 ·0.008 ~ --'\Ct'''-t-·~~k--'- .--- .__

~4 v

-- -

e-----

10

~::::r---;;~-=.~
i)~0.-(i041 .
'flnr. I):>. npn
:1[.).\1 ', ..

~-.=_. ----

.±::
.(111108808(1 yrJOR

1 aTIIKIf.

Ilpoayaay

upoq)IJJlJ!

ua ro Iflll'l'f,

H03M<liKHQ (jd.",llIeM

5 H.

n.

Bpa't yx nu

6il

sepea lI, M03>1I0 HaIlTH, xasoe cpemee IIPOtPlI.JIhHOC conpOTIIBJlCHHC & COOTBCTCTBYCT BIHHC,1eHHoit rpa<JloaHaJlHTHQeCKI!uorepe na npoljlUJlLRoe' conporasaenae npH .-aHHOM p.: N"POif; OTKy~a
1

krr:R2p(RQ)3JJ

= krrR2p(QR)3 {+
411
3 1'-2

0 (1

+ 3p.1),

l q

\ \.
i

1\..
I\.

¢>ar. 66.

Ec.1JII IlC.III1'1I1Ha 0, (llJPC~MennilJl 11.1 aroro yp<lBIICnIfH, 6YilCT O.nH3K:l B311Tolt B ypaBBeHIIH (36), TO, CTa.10-0IJTh, II BhlOOP cac.ian npanan.no. iicraTIl, npn :'lTIIX noacserax, noraa fiY.:IF onpeae.nrn.cn IICTIIIIIIIJI' yrJlIJ aTaRH. oOHapYlKlITcH H npeje.r upuro iaocrn .l\onyu\cnlln § Ii nacromuen rvranu. Y 60,lbIIlllllcTBa CYU\CCTBYlOmIlX aSToiKllpUB .lOnaCTII lIMCIOT npO{~IIJ1h fCT' THHreH 42~) II il.lllI Hero CPC!(RlIlt K034'"UIICIIT lIpOf~II.11hIlOrO conpOTHB.1CHlI R
MOlKHO6pan,

a = 0,006.

66

Ilapaserp

T MOlKHO

onperenrn.,
•

IOlen

KonCTpYKILHK)

.~I)!IaCTII.

no

qlopMY.lle:

1=--,-,-'
He60,lbmaH. 11(\.110 H3MeH"T

Ac p R'

pasnana

MelK.'IY

xapaltTeplICTIIKIl

poropa

npuCKTIIOn
(cJ>II!".

II

)I.cllrrBwre.lhHOn _

BeJlll'lHHaMn

6G).

cyr-~.::--r--.---r-'----r--'----r-~~-'~~~-"'·

OG

Cx~~~-~~~-~~-4-t-~-+-t-4--+~
Cy
_I--

2~-~-+--~~~~-+~--~4-~-+-~+-4--+~ ~' I ~~-+--r--r-+--r-4--+-r-~--+-~~-+-+-~

4

'\\ I-~~~,~~--r-+-+-+-, -----1--+-1--+--"'-Ii0:~~--+--I--+---t----- ',,"' -f--

-- ---+--~+--- --t-- - - -----

--t--- t--

J----+--+--- ~ 8 ---}~~ 1--+---+-+----4 _ ~

~-~~
--_ ,

'if
__ ~LI ,-

-- -1,1

--- - -

----:-+---t--t---r:-r.;- +----+---+-3

10 - ---1-

~ 00$'

- .0/---rr. +-

-+-+-+--+

-.

- ~k-!' ---\ --- -+---f-----+----+

-

-t--t--

f-- -

!"

,-

- t-- t--

L_'Q :_Q_

_ __l_ ,__....__.

(!flu!".

11.~IUlIIl!c yr.la ycranounn 8 11<1 l;,~'I('!"TUO Ji C" poropa 3I!a'lIlTC.H,RO !-i7). lie\! Go.lhIIIe (.." rt'~1 Gll.H,llIe II l:a1lt'CTBO, 110 Yl\e.lll'lclIlIKl 6 ecn, npenea, Olll't';\l~.lJ1e\lhl n aauaco» aBTopl'T31LIIII (01. ~ I).
AHl"JllnCI;IIC o IIhIT hI C \!O.'IC.IJ,IO porupa

MOCTI. aBTopOTClILlI1Ior

yr.l<l

vcrauom.n:

rar, mmpuvep,

anTl);~;IIP3l1

1I11,[lBep,1.1IJ111aanncnII~H'HFO.l

"fl,W.lh 1','Topa,

.)

,-

67

YCT&JiOBKB 8 = AtOrJHI.asroporapouars na yrJlax arasa or 2 AO Z2° (.lIuaIIasoR yrJlOB, KOTOPhIlt rr03BO.UI,1a' ascuepnjrenra.u.nan yeraaoasa). Ilpa yrM yeTaHoBKH 8= 3° ra me MO!le.1h pOTopa Mor.la auropnrnponan, TOJlI>KO na yrsax aTa.ItH sume 1:l°. Y )(eltcTBHTe.1bHorv poropa ),10,1 YCTillHlOlUI DP", KOTOPO\I porop He asroj.orapyer sa Ma,u,!X yraax araau. rlql'T, nallo 'IIYMaTb, 60JlbUlI' 'ieM y MO){eJlH CWJliltHO CK<l3aTbCJI B,1HHHUe M3C[[ITafia I.

:to,

e,

~Br. 68.

,
.!

. s;: B npasrase YllOIJlrOIlTP,lhHhlc,:"yr.lh1 )'1:'1<111111:1;11.illll;tl'lH pOTlIJla- OT 2' I ,11;0 3°, Bunte 3TlIX 3H(I'WHIIlt IIUIIHC ('.11('.(\ er. T;II; l;;lI" III'C~IOTPfI ua rIO 'ITO "JUI aonacrea OOhI'IlI0 GepeTCR rrpoIIm., h C iIIICTOll1111IJ )1 Hell rpo M ,~(lB.~eHIlI i H, JlOHlKepOH rrpOXO,'\IlT 'fepe3 I(eHTjlM !laB.1CIIUlI cexeaun, nee mc 3ar.pY'lIlBaHn,. JlOOaCTR He IICKJlIO'Ie!IO II KOIIII!.' ee MO['F 1I0.1Y'IIlTb BlleCTC C 33KPYTlwll yrll, ycraHOBKII, HelKeJIaTe.lbHhIll C roxnu 3pellIll! aaroporanmr. 1\03tPlIl(lIeHT a31I0.meHIIH k B.1IWCT aa nasecrno lIe3111 'III ren, 110(1~lIr. 68) HO 0" poropa. II OCOOf'IlHOCTR na ~a.HJIX Yl'JIaX, npJDIO IIpOllnplllloHa.~bHo ;,

68

'IRMO 060POTOB poropa B MIIIIYTY lIpll TO~I me yl'.le arauu II O,llIlOIt 11 TOIt iKlI JlocryrraTeJIhl101t csopocrn C yaenuneaae» K034>u~lIeHra 3l1nOJIHeHIISI YBe.ll1'I ~IBaeTCSI. J(JIH aonacrejt, 1I~le11)1I111X ,1.1lipyr.1PlIllhIC I\Olllll~ II cymrllilc I(Kopmo na
Hl~GO,1hruon )I..mRe,
Be,1I1'1II11:\ " ;(o.l;(;Ha

Bbl'III(',IIIThCH 11111!IOjl~Y"l':

2k-+-+-+--+-"~-j--I--

l~

f---

-- -

--+--+--i
~-I-----If--~-+--; 1-.+--1--------1

..b---t~\.-+-+- - -1-+
I--I-----\c-+_

"-+--+-Ir--- ~- -/-----+-1-+--+-+---+-I---Ir-----l---

6t---t----+~~J----t---j-t-_____r____j-

r\,

-----

--

01--+--1----1--+--+1 IT
r

OR cos I. =-~ V

IIp1I'Ie)l
,MIIIIM

B§3

ne.lII'III na. c 6epeTCH aonacru (cooOpan(,HIIJI

HJ1l1

HU'leCJ>IIMII

61>1.10 oroaopeuo, '1,1ellaml II nhlpaa;clIlIlI

COOTBeTCTnYKlIUrnIIIMIJlIIII' 1I;t 60.1bUJoll '!CleTK 0 Bf,IUOPC k "PIIBi')l.CHIJ n r.1P.l),Kllllelt raaae). 'ITO npCIICllpt'lRelllle IlT(\jlhDl1I II lllJCllllf'1lI rapxoYI',J;I 113\1aXa WI'Ol'O fill ~

Ka'leCTBO poropa.

IIII,lTBl'PiIU('lIl1l1

(11111". (i~'

11('

""IUllllt~r

3I1a·lIITe.1hRO )1.,111

;laIlI~

ua cpannenaa

69

xapasrepacrasn poropa. I1YHKTlfpHble KplfHI~e U(I!(C'IIICaHbI 110 4>OpllyJa~, pille eOOTBeTCTBYIOTr.ly aaxaxa co BI'OphlM1l l'apM(\HI!Ka~tD, T, &. y
~ =
a omomaue-c-rro
nymeaaa n TOll .It, C n

KOTO

"0 a COS 't - b sin <}- a ells 2'~-112 sln 2'~, If1op'IY;laM, IIpnBeI\Clt'IlLl.I! II i1<lilllol! (".lall!' (nee I)l'TaJlbHhle ,'(pyrOM caysae O;UlHaMllhl). 'ITO 1'. ;)iiCIIl'P"IIl'IIThi l' lIO,lC,lhIO IW R aaKJIlOq,'HlIe,

,'\(l

CAe,weT UTyeTIITh

1 POTOPi

D = 1,5
l!aJlhHOit ,1a1OIIIH6

npvII3BO:\HRllHICCJI

n '.1928
IIO.lyqCHHhIlllI

II

il.:lp ililill

',,(!Ilia II II 'II'C
pe:Iy.1I,T'ITIJ,

rt

'I pyoe xoponro

HauaoCOBH3IT(

peay.rsrarauu, reopaa I'aayapra If .101([;(1.

¢U3I1'leCKol! .1ilOOpilTOPllll

B Alll'.lllll,

UO,'\I"[CTO"

Jl:lJlrnrll

lKe

poropa

§ 13. Opanueuae

POTO}.l& aUTO)fmpa

II KpLIJla IIMfllOluel'O

(':DlO;IC'l'U

.) 0,006. T = =
JlMelOlIlcro

Ha tJ!lIr, 70 :\aHhI xapaarepncruxa 10, H = 'l", k = 1,0

parsax,
HMecT'Tor

If

x<tpilltTeplICTlllia
p()'r"piL

poropa.

napauerpu
)"I.IIIIlCIIIIC (l'CTTIIIII'eH

i{,

~1\I111l1l,1;)11I1Ll1 spuaa i)

lipblJlo O,j~

lKe npodiu.u..

pallHhl1i

)111i1II1lTjlY p"Topa,
'11;0 II .:I)II,ICTh

II oruocure.n.uue

<IBTllilWpa
UPII'[tM

f.=G.

42~1),

lW:I,jIlIIlIlCHT

1l0,n.emlOl! t'I1.1bl KPhlJlil, II I(C.IIIX cpaBlfeHIIJI OTneceu K I1,l11IIJ(I,'(I1 lipy-' 10ra. O.lIeTaClWI'O III1~yl\l'II 1\ POTOpOM. BHOr(\ OTHe-

Il
~

,/~I
".
\ /(1)61110

II
Pomoo 8~ l~/O' /(-aoli
I __

IIpIlU.1I13I1n.l saoe
211(l'ICIIIIC ('onpOTHB.ll'IIUH.

;I

ceuunro
lIit
~"I'. OIICIl X HOCTen

01111 OY,'I,I'1' 1Will

HK

e", naneceno

t'),

".

a/ c

I'L............ , _.
; \ ....

.iV/

A.·6 ..","'l

"'1''''
0.3

paxrcpncrn
liP"I.'I<t '[e('TJlII

113

lice y 1I\IlX uosepx cor.tacno § 1.

(',paIlHeHIIJI Ii

~YIIKTIIPOM; axe BO ){JlJI

poropa

xa-' II'

",'

C.lI',1)'PT.

rpoV1o=Opomopa

)!i1IiI'lIll,\.lhllilC KiiP"llll'<l MlHlhllle

.'

.' "," ./

.~ I

(J.2

(1'1 i.nr«,

0,5

r;'i

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.11:lliClIllil..lhll(il'\)

1(11"1.1<1 (11I.lel'

xarecma

)I

II"T,I.'II:I'.

<flnr. 70. 'ITII '1CCTBO poropa npIlRl'CTII CH.~a HlI n ,(O.1)J;f10 OhlTh \I t'H '11'\1 :L1<lf(1I 11:l1;.: 11l1;1J1J,1l0e

lI11l1l'I1CIIIIC "il.'I(,CTBO~

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K;i';

~1;lIi('I1lla.lhlloe

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I

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Y spura

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upn HCf(ilr"l'hlX Hil.K,10HeH!l IlIIPPf',(

a;~PO)lllllrtMII-j'
roraa !ian I,
clfJla I

01' 1I1'11I1I'1I1111\)':IJlpa
[W.1Y.1f,fll(lI'lOIIl(\H

y poropa
Har;,10HeHa

n(,11 poropa

ncex

yr.rax

aranu
aa.ia.r.

xnp:\p h pM.M,
a,)plI,ll1ll<t\IJ1'II'('I,rtll

70

.Reports

nnrl Memornnda"

!\; 1l5~'

Ta6.1Rl\1l :! .,3Ba'lBBB8 hlOaq,BJI,ReBTOB pll)l,a <IIYPbe B rpa/{ycax ,', -= Q·o - (11' COS,~ - b1 stn f UapalllCTpbI po-ropm ,1(.18 y 1'.'1:1 RaMlna

A. = 3; ii = 0,006; 0,2
8,5 1,'19 2,24

~ 0,3
7,!l

= :!o; t

= 10 0,4
~,O 0,;;

aO
ale

I"

0 0 0

9 ,~ ,>

~!

b 1°

I
po ropa
0.0

0,1 G,O 0,78 "1,2

2,25 3,03

~,87 3,45

6,1 3,45
3,63

TlI6JIIIL\lI

a
H

BapaMeTI)bI ' =--..... ~H~

A =,:1: ;, ~ fJ,OOr.;
0,\

= 2°:

'f

= 10:

k = 0,1 0,4
0,5

v cos';

U,U7

0,2

0,3

0,022

0,0215 0,0674 0,"

4~'

0,02

o.oi ra
0,0632

0,013 O,U5() 7,12

U,0004 0,01701 8,24 1,8)0\·

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c (G:y)
Ii
t

0,067 O,;,() 59,33° 0,006

O,35n

0,07
1,77

c, p
1

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28,~~ (J,OI 0,4,,5

Ta6,11I1(:I

.1,:;:, °
0,04.1 0,148 0.0,,35
(),(l~:;5

o.~o
0,1113

O,G075

opy

II,'" 5

0,0327

o.oin

llapaMeTpbl V ('osi 'J.==-, ~1R x

POTOI):!: A = :!.SIl; O,U5 0,07 n,l

! " "" 0,006; 0,2

:!o: 'f 0,3

111; k = 0,1 0,4

0,5

O,U:?:!4

o.o.ei

lI,'~17

0,OIR8 0,0621 4,71

!l,G,'

0,0139 0,0:,,7 7,04 .1,48° 0,06:1

O,IH'i:l

n,1)Q73

0,0008 O,046tl 8,24 0,07 ' 0,1104

O,OI8~

(~;t
"t
1

0,()65~ 0,1'118 58,63"

O,OOr.5

(J,t)"Z 0,9
1.1,,,0 U,Ol1

l),004 , 1,81 :l8°

O,OW 11,44li

0,0516 8,1 O,US9 0,0,12

>

O,03!l1l 0,148

0,3136 llapallleTphl 1'. -=

0,51

1101'011:1: A = :1.1!: 0,115

(, = 0,0011; 0')

l-; = 2 ':

10:

v cos i
~!l-l

o.;~
0,012 O,UI;O;; 7,f),;

..

k =c 11.1 0,4

.'f

0,0203 O,06RH O,5!J

l'

u,(l2

1·1

I I,

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tJ,l;PliO

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0,0690 0,9:',78 44,Do 0,' I12

n.'12.j

0,068:';

O,U;I·17

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'0 )

s.s
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"

50,17° 0,006 0,370

Z:i,::S" O,OIliV
II, 1~0

9,72° 0,04 0,1 ;'S

O,1l7

7!

•• palleT{l1I

poropa:

A =8; 0,07

Ta6.1I~. I» ~= O,OOi;
0,1

e = 2°:
0" ,-

'1

10; k =0,1
I

V cos i .... - -~R=

:11

0,05

0,3

0,4

0,5

I
0,0077 0,0512 9,1 3,10 0,0561 I .,0. T = 10; O,05~6

0,0166 0,0607 0,68 55,81

Q

(~:t
J

0,01641 0,0613 0,85 40,16° 0,<;043 0,56

0,0161 0,061 2,12 24,55° 0,0066 0,456

0,0131 0,058 5,92 7,86° 0,029·1 0,140 0,1108;

0,0018 O,O~59 10,5 1,08°

0,0035 0,0428 11,1 0,1" 0,089 0,0170

t
°llp

0,0032 0,431 llapaMcTllloI

0,076 O,02R2

pOTopa:

A ~- 3;
0.07

;;=
0,1

8- -, 0·) ,-

k =0,1
0,4 u,Oll 0,0597 7,03 2,63° 0,096 0,031 k = 0,1 0,4 0,008 0,0552 8,5 2,13· 0,0802 0,0347 0,5 0,002 0,051 9,00 0,810 0,107 0,0204 0,5 0,005 O,05~5 7,3 1,22°

0,05

o.s
0,017' 0,0063 6,OR ~,5° 0,068 0,072
~lO.

:11

O,02CO 0,0739 0,60 61,54° 0,0069 0,320

0,258 0,0738 0,75 47,3° 0,0109 0,470

0,0253 0,0734 1,57 31,3° 0,0202 0,458

0,0220 0,0700 4,O~

10,5

(~)p ,
0. p

II

I I

O,O57[) .0,160 fi _ 0,2 0,018 0,064 4,72 9,65° 0,0405

I

0,115 0,022

llapaXf'TpW JIoOC

pur cpas

Ta6.1HlI,a 6 A =8; t = 0,000;

-.

r
0,3

= 5;

Veos i

QR

0,05 0,02181 0,0675 0,59

0,07

0,1

:11

(g._)
Of' 11.
t °llp

O'02i·~1· 0,674 • 1,1 44,0°

,

~1 0,067 1,77 28,6° 0,Q1!);J O,45n

0,0135 0,06 7,2:1 4,,18° 0,0595

59,3° 0,006 0,356

0,0092 0,513

I I

0,1;;0

I 0,0665

llapallleT{lLi

porcpae

A. = 8; 0== 0,006; 0,1

H ..: 2°; 0,2

T = 1~; k

= 0,1
0,4 0,5 0,0012 0,0462 8,15 0,4° 0,1159 O,b18,'

.... =-!,.!lC
II:

v cos i
t

\
i

0,05 0216 0, 1 0,0674, 0,58 59,48° 0,0064 0,356

0,07 0,0211 0,00;2

o.s

I
r

Om08 0,0666 1,81 28,13°

o.oi .:
4,74 9,51 o 0,0518 0,153

(g;t ,
h t C

0,<'6:1"

O,(\1~2 0,0;'8 "."

0,00;,7 0,0517 R,13 1,73° 0,0825 0,032

I
.,

1,1 43,16° 0,01041 0,534

I
I I

"

'
c

4,1'

o.ois
0,457

O,Ot18 0,063

7!

lIapaJll6Tplll 0,05

pOTopa:

TRjJn.~a ? A = 11; 0 0,006;

~ = 0;

"I 0,3

10; k

0,1

0,07 0,0314 0,0471 0,9 41,5· 0.0061

0,1 0,0311 0,0466 1,815 28,07° 0,015 0,318

0,2 0,0300 (),Q4!i. 4,13 11,65· 0,0347 0,105

0,4 0,02581 0387 0, 1 6,4 4,720

o.s
0,0232 0;034'" 6,31 3,6S· O,O!l5
t

O,OS15 0,0473 0,67

0,0281 0,0422 5,73

(g:\
l

h 0,33 lIapalleTpM
O,O~

0,066
11,()464 :lc;

0,073 0,0238 10; k

GyP

0.404 poropae A
0,Q7

0,0140

= 3;
1

C.

0,006; Ii =
0,2 0,0124 0,0738 4,7 9,15· . 0,0505 0,174

1 0,3

r-:

= 0,1
0,5 -0,0107

I~;0,1
I
0,0173 0,079 1,69 29,65· 0,0166 0,51 TaI'iJlD~a 8

0,4

x
I

0184 0, 1 0,0801 0;52 C2,22· 0,0017 0,324 UapaJlleTpU

0,01791 0,0797, 0,8 46,16° 0,0063 9,542

0,0055
O,Oti74

(~)p

7,6 3,2° 0,0753 0,014

I-~::~~
1

!l,1l

«;
V C'lS i .. =-!J.1l

0,69
O,OG05

I-~:~~
0,0572 0,1132 0,0205 0,5 0,0004 0,0414 8,61 0,2.'1· 0,111

0,037

pOTopa:

A = 8;

,,= 0,000;

= 2·,

"I

= 10,

II = 0,06
0,4 0,00(;4 0,0528 8,72 1,48" 0,0883 0,0197
I

0,05 0,0218 0,0675 0,83 49,87· 0,005 0,431

0,07 0,0215 O,06H 1,45 35,16° 0,01 0,452 A 0,07

0,1

0,2 0.0175 0,0632 5,55 7,67° 0,0445 0,002

0,3 !l,013 1),05P 7,87 3.6· 0,0637 0,0388

o.oai
0,067 2,32 '22,35· 0,017 0,317

(g~)p
l

I! -

t
GyP

0,0114

UapaMeTpbI

po rupar

3; (. = 0,006; 8 0,1 0,021 0,067 1,43 34,25· 0,014 0.525 0,2

2°; "I = to; k = 0,11

0,3 0,013 0,059 6,52
5,1"

"="Q.ll
x t

" cos "

0,4 0,0064 0,0528 2.,no .... .:> 0.0885 0,046

7,Rl

0,5
! -0,0004

0,0218 0,0675 0,46 65,42· 0,002 0,272

0,0215 0,0674 0,7 51° 0,0057 0.482

o,o 175
0,0632 4,11 11,2° 0,0435 0.208

(g;t
I

0,0474 8,08 0,710 0,111 0,0~6~

.'f'

0,0632 0,092

I I

71

2. Us cpaaaeaas xapesrepacras oc06eRHO HCRO BH,nHO OCHOBHoenpeHIIJ1I16CTBOporopa, 3aK.HO'laIO~eeCH B OTCYTCTBIIH Y Hero BH63aITHOrO apannecsoro COCTOHHHJl aa 60.1bIIlIlX O~ B npOTlIBOllO.l~H(lCTh ItpblJly. 3. BBIli\Y roro 'ITO MaKCID'YM xasecma poropa COOTBt'TrTnyeT Ma.m~1 yrJIaM aTaR11 II MaJIOMY Gil' TO npu O'leRh Mi.i.lhIX C" Ra'I'CTRO poropa MO)J(eT OIJTh 6lH,3KO K rasecray spura. B Ti.iKOM cayrae. npn 'la.HlIt. narpyase na 1 .II. c., asroaap ~lOlK6r He YCTynUTh B G~CI po XO;UIOl'TII ca'I'l.1cry C TOn ll\1' HarpY3Kolt na 1 .II. C., Bnll~y roro 'ITO 1I0C.1l6,111UIt }\.lll no.iera c M'U;CIIMa.lhITol CKOPOCTbIO6.1aro~aplI 1I3.1J111lIleOO.1hlIIOIt Hecy"{elt nouepxuoctn (1l3JITOn 113 YC.l0BHH ,nOUYCTIlMOn noca~o'1Hofl CKOpOCTIf) npnnyanen UP,!'T .reren., IIMeJl yroJi arasa, COOTneTCTIIYIO!l{1I11 MaJlOMY 0" UP" f\OTOPO\l "phl.H) JUleeT nuasoe Ka'leCTDO.

•
•

I' .1 a

I' ,. T b A

A:jPOi~UlljDIII'I{,(,Imii
A:~pO:\IlHa\lll'leclmlt
xap,UnCpIICTIlK, .rernux

IHU'(leT awrmlmlHl

pacser aSTOiKUpa ;le.laCTCJI C 1{C.'bIO OnpC)l.C.1CHIIH CI\) K.\I' TO: 1) rOpIIJOIIT.I.lbHbIX cuopocren - ~laKCIIMa;lhllln 11 MIl IIIDI a.1bHl.JX , 6C3 CITIIiKeIIIlil; 2) noroaaa: (,KopOlln,ncmWCTII; 4) CROPOCT" no rpaearopaa npa RpyTO.II n.ianuponarmu.

:n

§ 1. 1I",llIpa aIll'Oaallla
)~JlJI BMnO.meHll Jl a:ipo,\1l1l:1 \I ,I 'le''!:,'I''\ P,II"Ie 1,I allTOiKl1 pa 1l1·111·IXII.:\II\lO Bbi tl III' . JlIITb nO.~JlPY IICC:O anr.csnpa. Ilouru lie.' CYIqCCTIlYlOlUllC anToa.IIVhl IIO\llBIO OCHOEHO!! ne(;Y1l\t'It nOHepXHocTII - p01'opa - IIMelOT ClIle IICU,I.lhlIlOl' nerwJ\BHiKfIoe Ii pbI.1 0, pacnoaoaeauoc not pOToprHI. IIO;ITO\fY npcaue seer» B Hamy aaaaay J\0.1jl\HO BoltTlI onpc)l.CJ!cIIIIC nolj JlJIPM KOMUIIHIIPOBBHHOl! HecyU{elt 1I0BepXHocTU, eocroameft 113 poropa II Kp hIJI a; 0'lCBIli\I10, 'ITO, liMen rauyio IIO.1JIpy, 6Y)(CT J!CrI\O IIO.1)"1I1Th U=XrlR •• / '~

~
"~:

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~~~~,rl~~ISC;;;;~I(I(~I~~l~::~::~~ BpC)(HOrO ('onp"T1!ll.H~IIIU! It JIOI)OBO)IY COnpOTlIIl.1CRIIIO uoropa II KphlJla. Ec.'I!! llO~XO;\IITh

I

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L
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c

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I

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c

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~---'--CTPOI'O Ii ::ITOIt :la.,\a'Il~, ,/ TO Reo6xo"TnIO ('101.10 ()bY / ; YQCCTh n3aU~HOC n~un· HIIC poropa II Kpbf.1:,. Ho CC,ll1 Y'IP! D.1J1J1H1IJ1 poropa II a:' I;P('I.~O, BJ,lpa:'KaU)II~llilI'JI II el'III'e 1I0T\\I;a Y "PhLllJ. u.larn,1apJl lIa.III'1l1~' 61I1~)'ltlllBllofi eKOpOCI'II, BM:Illt\lIlliiU P"Tt\PO\l, (io~{'c 1I.11! xeuce nil Ilt','ll', II' II, '"I B.1.UJlHlle npuaa na paOrlTY puropa ililll'UPIlt' !l03\10;1\1I0 IUIII'lIlllb pal'III't'.1.e.It'Hlln: oeennx Clwpoc:rcfi nil O)leT"r)IIl~1 ;\Iltlie p"TUpa) pen I. TP) .ui«. IIil,ITP"Y m,l orpauusunaenca Y'ICT')\1 lI,ll1l1l1l1l1 poropa na I:Pbl.liI. ;-)rll IIPIlII.lII;lit'IIIIC .~onyCTIIIIO eute II no Toti IiPIl'liIlH', ''ITO iltl,l'h("!lI(ln t:I!.1a liphl.lil y ()'.I.1hldIIIlClila eymCCTSYIOlIlHX anroa.npon !'.Ol'Tan,lIH'1 "I ueca al\TOjl\lIpa 111'11111'1'"11 s lO~o

• nR ',I. ~.:

/ -gO" ,~", .; I ",-

"C'
~

,CI' y~

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aa

Ma.~h1X cuopocrux

II 'l:)_:~110~

11,\

\,';\!;,'II'I<1.1I,III.I\

('li"P"t'TlIX,

ii)

TaR Ka& n.10CKOCTb Kplua He OOAbme 'Ie)! sa 1/, parnyca

esopocn.,

01'CToIIT liT 1I.10CKOCTU BpalQeHUJI

poropa,

poropa
<R6 no

OOI>I'JHll

TO MomHO KPI,[,l<1,

C'IIfTaTh,

'ITO

UH)I,YKTHBHaJI

nanpaaaen II 10, 1\ aI, II B n.1IlCIWCTIIporopa. Till'l<l C !i()POCTh Bl):I:lyxa .re.1I)80 nJlbl.1a (!flur. 71) opeT Bl>Tpail\aThCH ;1Bp11I liO)fIlIlIIf'IITil)llf: HIJPlIa..1bBIHI K 0('11 poropa II .r!.:! Ii - nanpamenn lIO (lell poropa.
H

BbI ssannaa

POTOPOll

11 n,JOCIWCTH

rasoua

Be.1I1'1118e
0 [HOCK-

C XOPiloll
fAe

Pe3y.1bTUPYfOIlI'tlf
KpLI.13

yro.~

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BO:1,lyxa
z

J,'"

11gR-

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iineT

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(I~=

+ arctz
no

~ flo'
"

poropa. YroJi csoca

E-

Y 1'0,1

YCTaHOlllW

spu.ta

OTHOIU('HIlIO

1I.10r,liO(·,TII spameaaa

nOTOI(t

)(phlJla

0YileT:
.t'

Ai= i-arc!~
Be.1U'IIIRa HIIJIM pe1YJlhTllpYIOmelt 1I \~):

p.

caoporrn
V'=

(IneT

panna

coraacno

ypaane-

(7), (~) ffJlOM

gRV~2+-J2-.
C'IHTaTb yros aTa~
aTaKI! i)

fiO)l,'hellHarr eu.ia
.lIaHHOM pe<RIIMC

araun aeroxapa
poropa

II .10fjolll)e conporauseane
!t (U,lI!
yr.te

oYJ,eM

I poropa.

HenO:\RII)KROI'O
ll(,)pa311H~Sl ((filII'.

71)

KPblJa npa
TaK:

PIC

Q"

= (G!I, cos ~ i-Or" sill 6. i) p 8 ( T")2, = (Or, cos ~ i + 011" sin 6. i) ps (V')2,

(49)

r)l,e 8 - nrouian, npsna, Oy~ II C.~K 6epYTcJI no xapasrepucrune npotPu.IIJI RPblJa npa TOM y:\.lIfHeRlllI A, KOTOPOC OHO ll)leCT, II npu yrae <lTtlKII, BhI'IHCAeHHOM no tPopMy.1e (471. CH.1b1 P II (J COBna)J,aIOT no aanpaaaemno C ('.1I.·1allll rp, QI' 11 1I0,noMY· pa3.'1e.1HB npa;ble I; .rensre 'IaCTIl ypanneaun (49) ua p1':R2 f'2, nO.1Y'1"M K03!Jl1IIllICHTbI
. raeMolt

nO.l'he\!Rolt ClI.HI H .II0UOBOro couporuurenuu nJloma)J,1! poropa 11 CKOPOCTII 1I0.1eTa V:

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orueceunue

K o)le-

(50)
r.l.e

l")2 (-v ,
Ha
He60.llLllillX 'tfOTOPHOM

(p.'

+ X2)
p.I

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pH30HTa!bROM

yraax araaa no.iere,

MomHO

aaroampa, npauepao npuaars

,10 If1L. T.

1'.

!lpK ro-

• TOf.l.a

AO,l• AC""

= <'VI<

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= (ex.

+ C .6.i)
,l

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~~ •.

71

K03!pllUHeHTY TeMhI,

cocroautea

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poropa

CI!.1h1

II

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(~ l)

Ha
yroJl

COCTOJIlllelt

7'2 )(llHO cpauneuue spuaux fi3'lCCTB poropa " necyuren CIlCTeMhI. poropa II spu.ra, npll'leM KPbl,10 nxeer npO~'lU" cepan A I(Al'U, YCT3HOBKH 10=2,0, 1!J10Iua,!(r. npuaa COCTaBJlJIeT Ii%, OT n.1O IIltl,J,1I , ouerae!lml'. "3

MoR

POTOpOM.

113

cpasaeaaa

BlfllHe-

RO, 'ITO UOCTaROBKiI IIOi\BHiKIlOro Itpr.J.13 JlI{'111113er melt ECJlH CIlCTeMhI

aasecrao nccyaaroxnpa.
MhI llMeeM no,ly-

yue-

J f--'...:~-~-'-----'----"----;---"T"--"""

Cr

,n:eJIO C npe,n:BapUTeJILRhIM paC'IeTO", TO '1eHUH IIOJlJIPhI

aaroampa Heo6xo.1\lIlfO noacruran, CYMMapHoe Bpe.1\HOe conporaarenae ncex OCTaJlhHhlX lKllpa. BhlpaJUM qaCTelt 1\03!p1l11IleHT aBTO-

MH

61----1--""

4 f----,=~=-

l---'~:--;::--+----t---+--.---t
......... :_1

ern

21----f----+---1---+-~=Sf 0 '----*'5

TaR:
~I'

C',. = 0, 641t
r.1\e HUIO
Bpe,~Ho\ly

(5 'l)

--~1

o;;-r-----:t:';:-s.,-· ---,2;:!;O;----;;2~~,..' -~3r1

cr-31UlHBiueUTHaa

nnacrnnna.

conponnue'ITO ACTa,11! <lI!TO;JHlpa (ItllO:IC,I)[)f\, xnocr, IIO;\l\lH'h1 If T.

C'IIfTdH,

.1lIIOTC!I HtJCyll\IIMII,

ruaaen

IT,l:IY'11I1!

IW .• lplllllfcHr

It 11 anTOi£\11 pCl:

IWll.eMH,lr1 •

Cll.lhl

II

.lo(iolloro

,1.) lit' H8'

coupo-

c; =
Cr
1!0;(C'ler

CYp

+ 1(\" _I c., + sc. + (1,64 ~ 7T .j

2

(53)
iKe, liaK

"pe,;(lIhl\

edIf1':lTlIlllel!1!i1
caIIll,leTa.

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Tal,

R 1·.IY'lae II

a:~pO;lll11a'IIf'ICCIWru

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ner

npO_I)'IlOK

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anro.supa

c pOTop,')!

npOBepP'IHbI!t

aaroaupa
se

oe3 poropa,
oripariotse
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pacscr

~,!lt"\III) ll[li'Ir:llll'I'TIi

IlCUO.lh:lyll

1'0.11>1\11 1Ij101YlI1iY

.lllI;l!'.l11

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,w,n:e,1H

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I; OIIt'.Tae\lufl

Y.'ll'URee
lIoiJel'XHOCTJI

noayueuu hit'
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1'11.1 II fill hI
\Ii[(,IIITClI-'t'

lIPO.'lYIIMO;te,lll).

ft03:pllI\l!eHT paBH[,I:

hI IIO,lI.e'l

HI) .i 1:1I.1bl If .10110B01'0

CIiUPOTIf a.ieu II II ,!BIIIl!( II pa

oy Ilyr

C, =
.1

(' = (,'-,-_~ C
'I I'

c; + ~(
.

11 ~odt
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,
I
I

77

Koa4lHl\H6HThl

G,

MOu

.11 A

UHIOTCH nO,l(06HO Koa4lUl\UeHTaM .lOrll'lHhlX 6paTh ypaBHcHIISIM II

MOO

G.Mod upa 0" H

II

)J,aHHoM yrae aTaRU ilBTOERpa ~

IIhl'lH-

Cr.
J.:

npn

nOMOmll ypaBHeRlI1
"

anaHVlKBO
'

C, . ns Mod ErJH peayasraru

e,l

(47) (48)

(50),

"

B nOC.IIeJ\lIe.1IBMeeTO

11"

If

;TIC"

rrpO,l(yBKH. ITpO,'lyBKIl MO,'le.lllf

POTOPOII, TO MHOlKIfTe.1h

ypaBBeRIIJI

(50) -R!: GrAcT pasea

T.IIl' ("IIIIBIUI

OTlleCTII

I(

IT.II III (lJlII, o

oaeraesoa ropn-

eIlHHlIJ(c,
,lI;.'IJ1

§ 2. Iloerpoeaae

KpHBon

norpeeaux

fie DO)

aOHT&JILHOl'O

DOJIeT8

aOTOa(Rp8

HMeSI 1I0,1J1PY asroaapa, MLl MOlKeM upacryuars It BbI'IlIC.1CRIlIO If nocrpo6HUIO ItPUBOIt norperiaux rnr JI.lJI ropU30RTa.1lhHOrO UO.1l6Taiy SCUIr. HOIfJlY roro 'ITO aBTOlKlfP MOlKer coaepmars ropnaoaran.nua nOJ6T npa 60JbllllX yruax 3Ta!\11 (i'i.1aI'OJlapH TOMY, 'ITO Y nero ReT cpuaa crpyjt, Ral. y casoaera), rsra ero RUHTa 6y)(eT JlaBaTb RepTIIKaJlbHYIO caaraioutyn (4)111'. 73) H ypaoHCHlf!I YCTaHoBllBllel'OCH paBHOMl'pROrO ropnaoaran.noro noaera .I.JJI asroscupa IIPIf onpeaeaennox yrae aramr i narrnuryrca TaK: 1

Go

1> .

cos (i -

C" p1t R2 VI -I: f[J.sin(i - ,,), 't) = Cz p1t R2J!2, J

(:,;',) r-yro.ll MelKJlY npamenaa C'IHIIOJl6Ta aaroaor-

r,ll,6 Go-llO.lRhlltBtlC allTOlRllpa, (!)-flOTpCOnaJI rara nporreaaepa, OChIO nponeraepa If 1I.lOCIWCThIO RpallWIlIIJl poropa (II.lOCIlocrhIO TaeTCJI IIJOCKOCTh, IICprreH,'lIlKY,1HpHaR It OCII poropa). OrclQJla onpeaeaaes nOTpeGIIYIO CKOPOCTbrOplIJOHTaJlbHOrO

pa:

(56)
H lIoTpe6HY 10

(57)

Ha lda.'hlX 'raKlmHllcS! npn

yr.1ax araxn :!T1I qlOplly.lhl npnnnsnuor ailpO,urna"'l!'leCItO~1 pa("JeTe Ca~I(),H'Ta:

O(I(J'lIlIJIt

B'I,~, scrpe-

=
rr
y)=

V~,~i:li2S
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c,
ell

OJTpe;\e.lIlB F II (/J iPH prua yr.ron aTalm i, Mhl 1I0('rp(\lIlI liJlIIOYIO Ileao . asrcaapa 11.1JI ropnaonra.u.noro IlOJlCTa y 3el'.,1II. JJ;Jn ropnaouran.noro IIO.leTa aBl\llRlfpa II:! IIhIC!lTC, 1,IlK II )(.1JI raMo.leTa, CTPOIITb KPIlBYIO rrOTpe6RJH rsr ncr IIP;u.r. a Uy;J'1I0 IIIlPCTII ;~.1Il ocn aocllllcC aonomaren.nue \laCllITaiiJ,I J(.1JI paa.nrtuux Bbl&OT ~. i CqUTaCTClI, 'ITO nee CH~bl nplI.!O)f{CUhl II [(CUTPY nl)l;CC r n au ioxapa 01' scex J\eiicTBYIOII\rX cna paRlH1 nyuo, 2 qecaJ:ol!, A ,p·l.l;nUa~la"CCKd!l pacse r I>H6.1HOTCKll lI1!lIarlnOHlIoro .JCTocTpoeoDP; !"II3, I !131 r.
II

cyanlll

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nuxescpa.

Caao-

78

BllaH CKOpOCTb. V ropaaonran.norn noaera aaroxupa npu onpeaeaemtoa yr.lle aTaRH i, a. eraro-riun., IJ onpeJ(eJleHIIOM peiKIIMe poropa, JlerKO nOJly'lIlTh ~HC.10 060pOTon poropa us $OpMy.lhI:
p.= YI'JlOO;UI l' cos, WIt .

CIWPOCTh poropa

6YJ(!'T panna:
Q

= _r

cos, !JoR

(!l8)

'111('.10 060POTOO

POTOPfl Il MlIHyry:
II

= ~ --P:R-'

30 V cos

(5~1 )
sa sucore RymHo B ¢lOpMyJly (5~1) ua BhlCOTe npa )l.flHflnM

uoacraunr»
pemllMe.

~.~JI

oupeaeaenua

V - CKO~OCTbropIl30RTaJlI.HOrO

uncaa

OOOl101'OBporopa

noaera

HyJO CUJIY H
MomRO ,lHaJI

TSlry T H rrpoaoas-

poropa onpeae.mn.,
$opMy.1a'l

(24) H (44). . Hume (taG.,... !l) )lall XOJ( a3pO)(IJHa~lJI-

Q,

ITO

xecsoro pacsera
SOHTaJIbROrO

ropuna

UArI1, HMeJO~ero C,1eJ(YJOllIlfe OCHOBHbJe nannue:

npavepe aaroaapa :l-8A

noaera

Bee Go = ~)50
POTOP JJ

.ionacren poropa 8 = '20. ~IaccooaJI XapaKH'pl!('TIIKa Oruomeane

ITJIOllla;(1I

Y rO.1

YCTaHOBl\1I

= t~ .u.

H,'. '1'lIr. 73 .
.10

JiO:lIIJlII~lIeHT 3,tnOJInCHIIJI k IIpIlIlJlIJIh aonacru=I'ernmren

=
I, S

0,1145.

II a r TIl

OJ

= H.
nero
B:lJlTO A
poropa:

Kphl.1a

42\);

JlMI

:l,

a = O,OOli.

n\lcrae~lOn

II.1()!na)J,1I

«n:

= (1,0473.

II PO(PIIJlh liPbI.1a-CPpllll A UArII. r 1'0.1 YCTallomal Klll.J.1a E = 0,5". OCh nponcaxepa coeran.mer c n.10CKOCThJOnpamenun p(1TOpa y1'V.1 ': = 1;,5°. EC.lI! Gr.! He Ub1.'10 nposymnr MO,1e.111 anTOiIwpa Gl':J poropa, 10 X0)1 pacsera 113~!eHIIMJl Ghl ro.n.no B 'JaCTII BI,I'IIIC.1CIIIIJI n.unpn ncero aaroxnpa, T. C. Off II C anroacupa mi'lllCJISI.1I!Cf, .(,,,, He no ~1I1P~'Y.H' (54), a no <f10po
J

~.)l.lIIHeHlIe l:phl.la

i.

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T
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r cos i }J.='In
",2

0,07 0,00~9

0,086 0,0074

0,1 0,01

'0,12 0,0144'

21
3
4,

BbI'IRC..18a.8

,
t

It :1:=----

=A

lT

QR

0,0213

O,O~212 0,0671 O,26~ 0,5048 0,2465 0,7513 36,91'j~ 0,7698

I

0,02095 O,on6S 0,23128 O,3as 0,2095 0,5843 30,:~o 0.606

0,020:: 0,066· 0,195 0,260 0,170 0,431 ' 23,34' O,4~f:

+ ~. 6 ( 1 + 0(1 + 4",t kt x

l }J.l))

0,067 0,3246 0,745 0,304

5 6 1

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---

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-V~-+ ;;,'
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kt 2f'-1/~"+~r' kC

.. -~

- --

tgi=

!~

-+

1,049 46,4°

lOi
11

(Or) = 0(1 +31-'2) +----~ ---- .-Og p 4!Jot 2f1h

-v }J."+xf
,

1,0696

(ex) C
\

12\
13

I
I
!

I+~ s:
Or
l'

--

11 P

- tgl

~(,-\ -°v/p
tgi h. _.- tgt )

0,00973

0,0117

0,01375

0,O2(

kt ces' ( 1 =--p.1

C '=c "» v»

C) . \c;
tg :-)

O,49j 0.530

0,5235 0,40299

O,4R66 0,2948

0,40 O,18i

BbI'IBC38BB

14 15 . 16 11 18 19

"=
tJ.i

+ (arc

. 57,3 57,3

24,1

13,10 23,1
0

11,6° lS,5° 0,028178! 0,018534 0,514776 0,313334 0,608

9,9<,
\

i - (arc tg , tJ.el/Moil

'1'_) .

'"

22,8°
0,029 O,(ID 0,052 0,549 1,055

U,02H35, O,022~r;G O,r,;,09:!5 0,1253 io 0,771

13,7 0,0:
-.

.le
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O,OJ:I 0,4~
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+ .lI,'I1.""" C%P + .H ''',\'0''

c,
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o.u

20

0,41/,

80

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0,15 0,0225

0.51 0,26

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pOTOp:t i 0,01795 ,0,0638 0,1343 09592 0,016 0,061~l

I

0,01955 0,0654 0,1632 0,1652 0,13 0,2952 16,45° 0.3284

0,013:1 0,0~)994 0,1087 0,0429 0,04~)1 0,093 5,~(;Oo

I

0,01045 0,568

0,0073 0,0542 0,1028 0,0194 0,018~G G,n37!) :2,17° 0,1222

0,004:15 0,05205 0,103 0,0149 0.00\194 0,0248 1,417° 0,1179

0,0005 0,0492 (),1028 O,010S 0,00098 0,01178 0,60· 0,1136

0,1174 0,06147

0,1035 0,0273 0,1)~017 0,(j~)73 :l,:.!83° 0,1307

0,

0,092 0,18792 10,633° 0,2322

0,0001 0.12757 7,2· 0,178()

I
r,

0,15 I Co

:'I
0,0302 0,0410 0,0502 0, G8S
i

0,0729

0,0837

0,0928

0,1016

0,2905 0,0954

0,1810 0,0416

0: 1194 0,02136

0,0843 0,01277

0,0573 0,007018i
!

0,0362 0,004405

O,0~97 0,003501

0,02127 0,002416

JUtPbI

aRTo',lmpa 5,70 11,40

0

7,845° 9,1· 0,02156 0,010244 0,314909 .. 0,106245 0,3365 6 ~

4,2b' 3,50 0,0163 0,007066 O,1357()7: O,O:.!8426 0,'.:!095

3,J '.)0 2,44° I 0,0142iJ7 0,0064()4 0,098567 0,019284 0,1857

2,22' 1,550 0,0108811i 0,006109: 0,0645Rj 0,0t:l127 0,:2032

I
I

1,54° 1,108· 0,0091:;2\ 0,005946 0,015352, 0,OlU351 O,~282

1,07°

0,55° 0,618· 0,00492 0,(105808 0,026241 0,008219 0,313

0,020136 0,008236 U,201136i 0,0498361

0,851°

o.ooe ;1
0,005876\ 0,3600 0.009377 O,:.!605

0.248

I I

II. II.

Bp&TJXB.

81

Bhl1JBue.B'" .paBoA
21 22 G-

Ucrrpe6HIoIX

V-- + - .
i...;...
't

;19,9° -0,7307

30,417° 0,829

23,S0,8R8

16,E 0,9

1--tg (I -~)

G",. Gil

23

V=G
(/>

V -6~f:jli
C·
cos{i -~) VCOs_i
y

8,~7 691,7 81,4 129,6 719

9,1~~ 585.81 86.25 137,4 8l)7,5

10,149 4P8,17 87,6 139,8

11,7 ' 400.7

24 25 26 2'1

Go

eX

QR= n= T

....
30
It

8P.t
143,2 870

QR
1.

= kt

pltR2 (QR)2

, 830

Ha 4)lIr. 74 UOKa3aHa MO,lleJlb asroaapa 2~9A (6e3 poropa), a aa 4)ur. 7&pesY.lIbTaTbI ee npO,ISBKII (ornecesaae It ruomanr, OMeTaeiloR POTOpOM). npa : lIeBeBBble npaarasecsa npn npoaepounou paC'leTe asroarapa 2-9A. cIlur. 71 Bso6paiKaeT ,IIOJlHPbl asroxapa 2-3A 11 pOTopa, nocrpoennue no ~aHBblM 12.

<l>Br. 74.

13, 18 11 19-1t CTPOK Ta6_1. !I, Ha cflllr. 77 1I:106palKena spaaaa Ilene ".1 asroaupa 2-3A C nanecennuxu na nee. xapa[tTepIlCTII~aMIl pacnoaaraesu THr BIIHro~oTOpHOn rpynuu (~IOTOp TIITall no .1. C., n = 1hOO 06/MIIII). . XapaKTCiJllcTHlta BIIHTO~IOTOpIiOn rpynnu anroxnpa, c Y'leToM BsaIlMHOI., BJlHlIBIIH BIIHTa 11 4lI03e.uIlHa, CTPOIlTl'S! npueMa~II, npnnmuan npn a::lpoJ\lIm~
1

!i

82

~~.lUI

,.
+
;

BeRo) up. G. = 960

4,130 0,991

fill

lIplof -1.234· 1.002

I~'ZJK'(H/(f

maG.'. 9 -5.84( 1,016

9,95· 0,973 .

'~::

.'

~O

I
I

~3.215° 1.00::;

-4.33° 1.008

-5,083° 1.012

0,995

14,112
I

18.1135 231,84 91,3 145,3 859

22,178 197,11 91,5 146,2 840

26.152 186.6n 92,1 147

I

32,416 195.52 9:1,45 148.8 18025

38,800 220,63 96.95 154,3 824~.

"h~21
254,~2 9~.98 156 80~

"60,82 310,39 99,~ 15~ 781

.~.
..•307,22 90,2 143.8

861

824

JlJl'leCKOM pam ere ca~IO.1eTOB. TaR RaK YC.lOBIIJI pauoru raaymero BlIlITa ZHpe re me, 'ITO II na Ca~IO.lIeTe;sa HCK.HO'leHI!eM rex peausoa asroaepa, soraa OCb rsnymero BUBTa ero MOil\l'T cocranrarr,

ua aBTO-

noaera
CO (,RO-

0,05

Ci'

I)

r~

or

~".

403
Ift"Co

V aDZ.: /
I 1

-,,/

n,""

0,01

'j
-5/
Q
POCTLIO . BJlUHHlle

V
~

-:
I

'/ ,/

.J'::I1I
,

Ic.r- f--

1fT .

]0"
<l>nr.

'1U-

sr,
BlInT uax«Ca~!(l.1CTa) .
ysecrs nnnru

.5.

. ;utrcH B ROCott OUJl.Ylllie «'.Jlyqalt,

!tOCOt! 06,lYBIW ua

V yro.II nopJI)I,J,a,._... :l5° (ca. Ileuo ;r.m 2-iH), T. C., noraa

He lI\1eJOIUUn ~ICCTa Il
IIIMeaHor"

pacsere

JWa$Ul.I,lICHT

,~eilCTlJUJl

6'

83

3aTpYAHHre.~bHO 113-3a orcyrcrana COOTBeTCTBYIOmU XapaKTepHCTHIt pa60TJ,J BHHTa, HO MaJlaJi CKOPOCTh OO~YBKII BlIHTa aa aeroaupe n03BOJlSleT JlYMaTh, 'ITO BJlBSlHlIe KOCOIt 06~YBKII 6y)!.er l!eBeJlIIKO, II 11M MOlKHO npeHe6pe1Jb, PaC'leTHYIO CKOPOCTb JI.~SI no,~60pa BIIHTa nylKHo C'IUTaTb O,\) Vmu, XOTli B HeItOTOpJ,JX MY'laJlX ona KOlKeT OblTb noaaaena BBIII\Y Tpe60BaHH8 60.1II.melt CKOpOIIO~'beMHOCTlI, Boofime iKe )!..JIJ1asroaupa, UMeIOlnero 60Jlbmol ~HaDa30H csopocren, MOiKeT OIU!> OhlrO,wa IIOCTaHOBI\a BI!RTa C nepeMellRYI B noaere marov.

0.25

5'16' 3'17 ' l'I7 ' "?5' 0' 4'

<IInr.

ro.

Onpeaeaeaae noroasa, sepraaaasnux csepocrea II CKOp0110,~'be"HO~ (nocrpoeaae 6aporpaMMbI) asroaapa JleneTCSI MeTO,llaMJI. npnnllTLlMH R aa .lHHallH'IeCKO~1 pacsere CaMOJleTa, Ha i}mr, 78 )!.aHbl ~lIarpa~nta BepTHKaJlbH .. esopoeren J[ 6aporpaMMa )!.JISI aaroaapa 2-HA. I1eoflXO~II\lO OTMeTHTb, CXO,ll.lIMOCTh peay JlbTaTOB aapomaaxuxecsoro paC'ICTa asroacapa C ,ll.3HRb,
Jl6THblX

MOlKHO C~eJIaTh RblBOl\, 'ITO aapO)J,HHaMU'leCKIlIt I ser asroarapa, OCHOBaHHylt sa reopua I'aayapra - JIOKKa 11 naumx rtpenn, ~HHIt, I13J10meHHblx B § 1 0 COBMeCTHoDpatiore poropa H RpblJla, )J,aeT on~j JleTHYX Ka'leCTB aaroanpa, 6J1H3ltylO It lI.eDcTBHTe.llbIlOCTII,

nposepeao na aaroampax UUlIX asrcaapoa UArll. 113 aumecaaaaaaoro

UCnYTaHult

srroaae

2-SA

YI\OUeTBop"TC.1hfl:l1I, II 4·8.\, a raioee

'

na

3TO B ,lI.OCTaTO'lIlOI M, noc.1e~YlOlnHX KOH(,TP

84

8&

§ :l.

n.. BBpOBaHBe a

B BepTBKaJlLByA

eoye.

aBTO*Bp&

AOTOlimp. eCJlH OB COOToeTCTBYIOIIlKM 06pa301l COaJlaHCHpOoaH, M04KeT OOBCpmaTl> Kpyme IuaHBpyIOm~e CUYCKU npn fiOJlbmHX yrJIax aTaKH, TaK KaE )tJIJI ReI'O, B OT.'IlI· '1ne OT ('aMOJIeTa, HC eyIIleCTBYCT KpUTB'IeCKOI'O yraa, upn KOTOPOMna'IIIHaIOTCJI cpua crpylt na xpLlJIe II peasoe YMeUbllleHue nO)t'lteMRol CIJ.1b1, H HCT ouaCHOCTK nrronopa npn OOTcpe CKOpOCTU. Yro.ll O.laHHpOBa· HHf! OpH )taR ROM yr J8 I

araun

U3 1I0.JSlpbl asroaapa; OIl paBell yr,JY, EO'l'op~1 ' COCTaRJlSlCT BCKTOP O. C OCbIO 0" (I}lur. 76):

onpeaeaaerea

8 .... = arc tg, =

<T'nr. ,g,

Ha $111'. )taRa JlllarpUMMa yrJIOD OJIaHllPOB3HIHI aBTolKlIpa 2-3.4. B aaBUCHMOCTH OT yr.JOB ero UTaKU; U3 nee BHAHO,: 'ITO BO apexa nraanpymmero cnycsa asroxupa na yraax aranu OT 200 H" name OCb poropa ero paenoroaena nosra BepTIII,aJlbHo. CKOPOCTb nJlaHHpOBaHHJI no rpaesropua onpeaeaaerca H3 YCJlOBnSl paseacraa aeca 1I nOJllIoD: aapO!\nHaMII'IeCKOII CIUhl anroaupa (I}lur. 80):

0'" " 79

(60)

Go = Cllp;:R3V!,
OTCIOj(a

-V .'Iy (59)

V".. =

r---

(-(;-i~'J.p,,~p.=
--

~o cos I1n!

cy pltu"

(61 )

IIoj(cTaBJlJlSI B I~OPMYCKOPOCTh 0.1aHII· pOBaHHH Ir3 ypaBHcHHJI (61), no ••y'iHM 060pOTbl poropa OP" UJlaHnpOBaHlIU
11

= ~-r'~flOS~ .

(6~)

BepTHKaJIbHaSi COCTa· R.1JIIOIIlaJI CKOPOCTHllJlalIH· _ pOnaHHJI 6YleT paana:

G /H.,,------D

V..... sin

e..... (63)

'1>ar. 80,

110 rpaqllu,y (I}lHr. 79) BH}!,HO, 'ITO, YMeHbrnan yrOJI 3TaKH ~Ibl 6y}!,eM 0pHu.UflKaTbCI{· It peiKHMY UHItHpOBaHBf! H, oa060pOT,

aBTOlKUpa,," YBeJlH'IHBaJ1

86

froJi aTaKH i. MhI 6YJl.eM nplf6J1HlKaTbCH K pelKHMt uapaunoraposaaaa (sepmltaJlbHhIlt cnycs). .' OCTaBJIHH nosa aonpoc 0 B03MOatHOCTII ynpasaenan aBTOlKHpOM npn napanmrapoaaaaa, OTMeTHM, qTO BCpTJlKaJlhHbllt IIJIH nOqTU BCPTIIKa.J1bRhIlt cnYCK ere npaananaaasao B03~IOlKeH uJlaro)J,apJI Ha.'lll'1II1O poropa, KOTOPblIt B aTOM pemJUIC ·nO.ll.o6eH napannory, CY)J,H no lKypna.lbHolt aureparype, nepTllKa.lbllhilt cnYCK He paa npO)J,CJlbIB3J1CH aeroaapos, KaR B AHrJl11lI, TaK II B A.\lepllKe. , CItOPOCTb aepraaarsaoro cnyesa SlB.1iljlTCH MCbMa BalKRolt xapaarepncrnsoa aatoanpa, RO MeTO)J,OB,n03Bo.1HIOII(llX TeOpeTH'IeCKU onpejesnn, CC llt'pOHTRyIO BeJlHQIlHY, )to cax nop HeT. , ECJlU 6hI }lbI !lHaJiIl BCpoHTHoe 3HaqCHUe Koa!\>uuueHTa conpOTIIB.'ICHHH poropa npa napanmraponauua, TO CKOPOCTh napaunorupoeanua (IJCpTUKaJlbHhIlt cnYCK) MomBO 61,1.10 ObI aeruo onpeaeaurvns ypanuenaa, 3Ra.lor1lQROrO ypaBHeHHIO, BblpalKalOII(eMY conporaaaeaae B03)J,yxa ;J.BllmYllleMyca B BeM re.ry. Ilpa YCTaHoBllBrneMCJl napaumraposaaau cara COUpOTHBJleIHUl BOl)1.yxa (rara poropa) 6y)l.e'T paaaa Becy asroaapa II ypanneaae )J,JIHonpeaeaenna CKOPOCTII naparnIOTHpOBaHHJl6Y)J,eT CJle)J,YIOIIUIM:
1-0=
T

y----,-(,-,
?I'
( J",~

(li4)

rAe Vo- CKOpOCTb uapauuoraponanua, 'IV --- narpyasa sa Ci\IIHIII\)' oseraesoa ,noBepxHocTH poropa, Koa!\>HUlleuT conpOTUBJleRHH Upll napanuora:1 pOBaHlIl1. t·' M3KCllMaJlbHOe anasenne &oai!lIIUUeII ra conpornarenaa IIpR napamnraposaaaa Or" no OIIblTaM C MO;\eJIJIMll aBTopoTIIPYlOlUUX BURTOB, npoBe)l.eHRbI~1 B aapo)J,IlHaHIIQeCKHX rpyoax pa3.!IUQHblX crpaa KO.,e6J1eTCa OT 0,;-'24: )1.0 0,811, npUQeM B aTHX peeyxsrarax OTCYTCTBYIOT nonpassa aa naansne CTeHOI\ TPyUhI. JIOKK II Beresaa, pacnpocrpanaa 1l1lXpeB)'IO reopuio na BllIITbl xaroro mara 2, IIOCTPOIIJIH aa OCIiOBe aRaJl1l33 onuraux I,PIIBLIX Tarn BUHTa asnapn'lecltyIO RPIlBYIO, no ROTOPOIt MaKCIIMaJlhRbllt Roarplll~lIeHT conpOTIIB.1eRHH npu uapaunorapcsaaau MomeT nocrnrars 0,8 . •Ieraae IfCOblTaHHH ttMep"KanCKOI'O aaroanpa 3 npn HarpY3KC Ha puTOp W 8,5 Ke/.M2 )l.aJlIl nepruaaasny» CIWPOCTb npu BepTllKaUHOll CUYCl,e 10,7 .MIceK, QTO COOTBeTcTByeT K03cpUIlueRTY conpOTIIB.1eHIIH npn napannoraposaaaa Ox" = 0,63. IfJ BbIlUelI3J10lKClIR0ro CJle)t),l'T, QTO sonpoc 0 BeJlIIQnHC Koa!\>llIJ;ueHTa COUPOTI!BJlCHIIH npu napannorapoaauus aBTOatlIpa noaa eme He IIOJyqllJl OKOnQaTeJlbHYIO .HCHOCTb II rpetiyer )J,a.J1bHeltrnllx .1eTIIblX lICDhlT3HHIf, <lKCOl'pHMeHTOB B Tpy6e II TeopeTlI'IeCKIlX n3h1CKaHIIIt. J);J1Hpaexera ROHCTPYKUllll 3BTOiKupa ua ltpyTYIO nocaxsy onpereaeaae 1IepTHK3JIbRolt CItOPOCTll MomHO npllu.mateRIIO )J,e.laTb no c.1e)l.YIOlllelt axunpu'JeClton i(>opMyJle, rroaysenaott no ,QaHUbIM cyurecraynmux 3BToamp0B:

eXn -

Vo = 1,64
1 il3 lIb1n.

Vw.
pel&HlIe

(65)
aBTopOTIlURn. TpYJ.bI l(Arn,

a K CO II, Pa6o-r1l

B03l)'H1HorO

Bn9TaHil

47.
2

JIOKIt B EeTCMBII, .Reports ant! Memoranda" ..... 1014. • Reports NACA, No 434, 1932 r., n T8K:J:e .. Texunua ROJlymuoro cfl.loTa", N! 7, 19S3 r. PecflepaT BHE. KB8mHRHil B. K ... JcTIILle UC:II.lTaHnn allcpBKanCltOrO aBTOlltllpa".

87

§ 4. 0

RYoope ;1B8MeTpa B K03IPH~BeBTa aaOOJlBeUBR pOTOp8 npa IIPOI.'KTUPOBaBHB8BTomapa

ECJlJI IIpH npoearapoaaana anro.sapa HMeIDTCR R RII,'ly ero: OCHOBHt.le xapasrepaae K3'leCTBa, RaN TO; K P Y TO It Y r 0 JI II (I C a .D; It JI H "H 3 K 3 R M H H IfMa.ll>HaR CKOPOCTb r-o p a a o a r a a s n o r o llO.IIeT3 6e3 CIiIOKeHIISl. TO BLl60p ){Ha~t:eTp3 poropa HymHo )le.laTb, aaaasnracr, TaKoIt aarpysncn W aa e,!{HHHIly IIOBepXIIOCTII OMCTCleMoro ){JlCKa poropa, lIP" IWTopoR eeprnsarssaa CKOpOCTI, KPYTOlL. IIOCa){KU Obl,1a Obi 6e30naCIiCI. Re.m'llInI>I H;!I'PY3KH H3 OMeTaeMYIl POTOPOM IIOBepXHOCTh IIOpSl){Ka 8-10 h,?/.M,2 Y.1l0B.leTBopIIIDT 3TOMY YC.lOB.1l (B cymeCTRj'lOInHX MamHH3X narpyasa JlCm.llT R arux IIpC,~e.II3x). BLlopaB W H 3HaH, UpnOJlH3.11Te.lhHo, IIOJlHhIit nee anroanrpa, OIIpe,lle.11IeM ,lJ;U31leTp poropa:

=..i

40 ..
1tU'

(ti6)

Koa.pHl(HCHT 3anOJIHeHHH poropa MomliO BblOllpaTb, IICXOilH 113 ~[aKCII~aJlhCROPOCTlf, ROTOpylO MOa\HO' 1I0.1Y'IIITb npn )lalilioIt MOmIlOfeTIJ. MaKCHMaJlhHble CKOPOCTH. ropH30HTaJlhHOrO IIO.leTa aaroxnpa orpaHH'III-' • \ BalOTCJI HarpY3Roft sa e)lHHHl(Y oseraesoa POTOPOlI nonepXHOCTH II ROI3¢H".!~HeHTOM 3anOJIHeHHH. AettcTBHTeJIhHO, ){OnyCTIIM, 'ITO MaKCIIMaJlhllYIO ropaaonTa.ILHYIO CKOPOCTI, asroasp 6Y)leT HMeTh npu peifiHMe poropa po 0,5. 9TOT peZH. COOTBeTcTRyeT yrJJaM 3TaKH poropa, OJlH3KIIM It Hy.1IO, H RaqeCTBY pOTOpCl. 6U3ROMY It MaKCHMaJlhHOMY (CM. TaO.ll. J-8). fiO){'Le!.fHYro ClfJ1Y poropa MOlRII~ CqHTaTh paaaon npn M3.lILlX yraax araxn Tire poropa: HoI

ropaaonrarsaoa

Talt HneT

npa

RaE

11 = 0,5, TO

lIaI>CHMaJlLHVIO •

CKOPOCTh

npa

;no~

npejlIlOJlOlKCHlI1I

asroaap (68)

QR=

2 V":u

(cos" i
De

(67)

UpllHHT paBHblM e){HHHl(e BBH:lY Ma.JIOrO yraa i). llO){CT3BJlHH B ypasaeR!.IeCTO QR ee anaseaae 1iI;1 ypaaaenaa (68), rroJlyqUM:

P
rae

= 4 P tl k 1': R2 V2ron
IIPlf

(fi 7')

tl - Koa.pHl(UeHT TJIrH C ){pyroft CTOPOHbI,

poropa

p. =

0,5.
(69)

p= Go(1-~),

rAe Go -IIO.llHblll
Bp~
CKOp6CTU. '1aTe.lLHO:

Bee aBT03\Upa, E- EO:~.pUl.\HeHT, yqUTblBalOlliHR ;(OJllO nozseea aBTOlRHpa, KOTOpylO aecer HenO,lJ;BUJKHOe RpblJlO npn "ilKCIIMaJlh"O~ ){.IIJI MaRCBMa.1fLHOIl ropaaonran.noa CKOPO("fH I10JlY'IUM OKOR-

Bapaaenae

(70J
BeJlHqUHa e saBUCUT OT pa3Mcpon iii yrJla ycraHOB&1I E lIenO)l,BHlKHoro KPblJIa B eylltecTBYIOmHX aBTOlRHpaX ~ ncrpesaerca B npeserax OT 0,25 ){O 0,32. lis ypaaaenaa (70) BH,'lHO, 'ITO 'leAl uensme ", TeM 60Jlbme MaKCIilMaJlhl. H3JI CIOpOCTL. C YMeHhmeHBel[ K pacrer aesauro rasae iii Ra'leCTBO pOTopa HO YMeHLwaTh ~ MomHO TO.1bKO ){O asaecrsoro npeaexa "3 coo6pameHHR npos

88

~".; .•'HocTR JIonaCTH, TaE EaK npa MaJlOM K03$nI(lIeRTe 3arrOJIHeRHR rro.1Y'laIOTCSI(I'leRh ~. ,IIUaJI xOPAa H MaJIaJI BLlCOTa Ce'leHHSI .1OrraCTIf (OOLl'lHO OTHOCIITe.lI,B},IO roa~' mHHif npo$H.1IH 6epYT paBHott 10-13%, Tal; lial\ npn On.n,me!! ne,lII'1lfHt' sase" CTBO ero yxy~maCTCJI 1. MaJIo BJlI!JISI na Ka'IeCT80 poropa II.. yr.iax aTaKII, IIpl! "OTOPLIX np(IHCXO~HT ropaaoaraasnaa IIo.~eT C MIIHlDIa.1hHhlMIl CI;UP(lCTJIlIlI 0('.1 CTTlIlKeHlI1I, xos<!lunHeHT'3arro.lIHeHllJI CJ!.1hl,lOB.mJICT aa Cy pcropa «(lllIr. li,s), a craao-nurs, H aa MHHHMa.lbHbIC CIWpOc1l'I1 ropnaouran.norn 1I0.:leTa(IIClI (io.lhrne 1., Tell seasme MlIHllMa.nbHaH CROpOCTh)_ 113 $OPMYJILl (70) BIl~HO, 'ITO ~,1JI IIOIlhlmeHlIR Jlal;C1Dla.lhIWX IOPII:WflTaJlhHhIX csopoerea aaroampa MOlKROyne.ll1'lIlBaTh W, !ltI (iO.lhIllOC YDc.llI'IeHllt' W HOlKeT npHBeCTII K norepe OCHOBRblX.1CTIlLlX ~OCTOIIIICTB aaroa.apa->- RpyT,hIX nocasos, MaJIhIX nOCai\O'lHhIX CKOPOCTCitI Ma.lblX 10plI::IOBTa,ijhHhlX ('liOP')I crelt 6e3 caaaeaaa. IIpIIBe~eHHhIC aume co06pameHlfJI 0 t'IWpOCTHX asroaorpa He (~RJI3aBhI (' ero HOmHOCThlO. IIplI onpcaeaermon 3a~amlOn JlOmHOCTli(aoraa npoenrnpoaanue Be~eTCJI nOi\ orrpCi\CJICHHLltt MOTOp) "PIIXO)(UTCR, B 3aBIlCIDIOCTII OT JaJ,aHHH, ua soropoe rrpOCKTHPYCTCHaaroamp, i\c.~aTb pacser R necao.n.sux aapnaurax, • MCH1U1 WH

k.

HenO~BlflKHoe KPhIJlO B asroaarpe nrpaer cymCCTBCHIIYJO pO.lh, XOTSI B npHH~lHIC If HC JIBJIHCTCfI He06xo)l.lDlbDl, TaK !ia!> 3BTO;J,!! ~lfll' (jhl .IIt'TaTh p . H 6e3 HenOi\BHlKHOro KphlJIa-rrplI na.lII'IlIlI 60lWBoro ynpaureuun. npnvepox , sero MOlKCTCJlylKHTh <!lpaHUY3CKIlIt aBTOlKlIp .11I0peU.l11Bht' ('~Hr. 34). IIocTaHoBKa HerrOJl.BHiKHOro KPLlJIa BblrO~Ha npeane scero 1l0TOMY, 'ITO , Ka'lCCTBO Bccymclt CHCTCMhI,COCToHIuelt 113 poropa II Kphl.'l<l. BhllllC, '1eM saneCTDOomoro poropa. Epoxe roro. rrpn COOTBCTCTBYIOU\ell otticpe n naomam II yrJIa YCTaHOBKHHCnO~BHjRHOrOapuaa ~IOlKIlO :\OCTII'lh I10'ITII OillIHaKOBYX OUOPOTOB poropa aa 60JlhrriOM ~HalIa30nc nO.1CTAblX pexuuoa. C TO'lKII apennn ,..nJl3BBOCTII pa60ThI p01'0pa na BCCX nOJICTHLlX pClKHMax II n,13RHOCTII rrepCXO.13 ':c ozaoro pClKHMa aa ~pyrofi noeTOHIICTBO OGOpOTOBporopa narnercn 11\eUTCJlhHblM, H aaepasancaae KOHCTPYKTOPhI nroa.apon a C'llfTalOT ero O.lHIlM 11.1 OCHOBHblXco06palKeHlIIt npa BWJOpe rrJlOluaJlII II yr.ia YCTaHORlill lIeIIlIJBIJ;IiHO~O spuaa. ECJllI rrpH BhI60pc rnomana Kphl.1a CTaBIITh ue.n.io uo.iysenue rrtlCTOHRHhIX (BJIH 6.'IU3KHX It rrOCTOHHHhIM) OOOPOTOB poropa "P" B1I3MOiKHO (iO.lhmOM ~H3rr330He PClKUMOBropaaoaraasaoro noaera, TO ;:lT0 MOlhllO nplI,i,llIil\CIIHO CllP.laTh CJlei\YIOInllM 06pa30lL 'IRCJlO 060POTOBporopa onpC,l,e.1SICTCH 113 ypaIlHeHIIll:

Uo
IIo~cTaB.1SIJI B Hero CKOPOCTh poropa:

C"PO:: R2V2.

RMCCTO HeJI.II'IIIHhI

V2

ee Ilblpillh('.nIlC

'lepe:1 yrMBj'lO

1 YIfCBbmllTb
,lI;,yx~ODaCTBwe

1C IfOlilBO euie
IIplIMeBlITb

nYTeM Ylfenloml'IIHH
He

pOTOpW

pesoxemyerea,

'1HCJla aouar-reii,

aanpasep.

TaK KaK OBH MOl'yT

Be ollecne'lBTh

c 4 AO 3.

nJlSBBoit

pa60Tw

POTOPS,

S9

G,= G r'" R'--. Y COS·

oTRy~a 11= rAe G" - KoarplluneHT JrOlKRO aupaaars TaK:

.. I

11: Q2 ( -- )' 30'

30V
11:

G pr.R'
CU.IIhI

cos'j 0!l'"

,
KIlTOphllt

(7
IIpnfi.l1B3HTelL

nO)l'MMHolt

aeroxapa,
-1- e

G = ktcosai
"",I

+ A'(~

f'-'

+:x )_ sR' . ,
0
11:

(7

Ilepsua 'I.I1eH BhlpalKeHIIR ypasaeaaa (72) npezcransacr cooolt soadmuae DO)l'MMHOlt CII.'hI poropa, a BTOPOlt- Koa¢lIlllteHT nO)l'he,MHolt CII.1h1 npuaa. AJtJI TOI'O '1T06h1 OOOPOThI'pOTopa fihl.1H nOCTOIIRHbI, He06xo)lHMO coraac .1paBHcH1I1O (71) COO.1IOCTIIC.1C)lYlOmee paBeHCTBO: .
cos' i -c--'---:; = co n st.
Jlf'-

fAe .A_' K03rpHUHeHT nponopuaoaarsaocra K03rpHUHeHTa nO.1l'h8MHolt ca, BeUOABUlRHOrO ItphlJla yr.~y arasa npa R3RTOM Y)lJlnHeHUH A, S - naoma KplUa, (10- a6cOJlIOTHOC 3Ha'ieHUC yraa araaa Kphl.lla B pazaaaax, npa EOJ pOJr = O.

e,,.

UplIRIBlaR

BO BHIIMaBle

ypasaenae
"COS I

(7:l),
f'E

1I0.ly'lH~1: = const

t cos i

+ A' 4·(.::_ + +CXo)

, Z

+r

s
1': ~.

= COilS!,

(7

/, = t ros i,
l' = A'
" cos' ,

"'~ (;r
, .

--I-'E f'-'

+)
(X

EcJIU B aarepnare f-L2'- fll CTlpaBc-,\.lI!BO ypanneaue (73), TO )lJlH Raltl! ..l~60 )lByX PClKlUIOB, f{aXOilHIIIIIXC}l B 3TO'll IfHTepBaJl8, MOlKHO nanacars Tal paB8HCTBO: ',

z, +

1'1

r: ~"-

= Z2

+Y

11:

~I

,.=0,1.

Ha BC8M )lUanaaOHe .'IeTHhlX pexaxos l'IOUIfTbCJI0illlHaKOBhlX OfiOPOTOBHeB .. oaao, n03TOMY HY3mo orpaaasarsca TaKHM )llIana301l0M, aa 1t0TOPOM npo XO~RT ropaaonrarsaaa (MOTOPllbllt) [J1l.1eT. Ilpu.uep, Porop IIMeeT napauerpu A = 3; 0 0,006; 8 2°; T - 1

to

Kpwo-I(ArH
YAJlHR6HH6M

cepaa

k - 7; A'
flo

= 2,3; ::to = 1.8°;

0,4 0,05274

.\,

c OTHOCHTeJlbHOItTOJlmHHolt yro .. ycraHoBKI{

0''' ,v

0,12 H OTBOClTe..LHbI npaaa E = :l •.

_~J~~~~l
y

0,5

0,2

0,3D3

0,302

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0,05882

----_ ------, ----.-

I
I

0,1 0,05884 0,0795

0,0623
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O~92' r-::.= ,,).

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'0,3 -

Il.~

= O,tJti~j;

.~) iii
1t

ZO.5 =Y 0,. paBHolt

ZO,. y o.s

0,0.')88.
II,U!i;

Bepex

BC.ll{'IllIlY

r.~2

lljlllO.1II3I1TC.lhll,)

npn

3TOM yrJlOBHI!

<!>ur.

81 poropa, B npncyrcrsnn aenoxBHlKHoro npuaa BblGpaHHoli n.10manu II 663 spuaa.

OqCBlI,I(HO. B6JUJqlIHa
1tRt

momaas

KpblJI3 6Y),(CT COCT3B.lI1Tb ti ';;, IlT 0~eT3ell"lt PUTOPO" mouiam. Ha rrOKa3aHO lI:nreHCHlle IlC.11I'lIIHhr, rrponopuaona.n.non '1I1CJY OGOpOTO}!

YAOBJICTBOPH6TB ),(lIana30H6 pem:HMOB OT f-L = 0,5 )(0 po = 0,2 YCJlOBUIO O).(IIHal'OBhIX (UJIU nOqTH O,llllllaKoBux) 060poTOB poropa. ECJlH npaaars BO BfIlUIaIlIlC HccymyIO cnoC06HOCTI, XBOCTOnoro onepemra na :lTIIX PCi&IIMax, TO natt){eHHaH BC.n!'1HH3 fiJlOma){U HenO.1lBmKHOro KphlJIa ,l;OJUKHa6hITh HCCKOJIhl;Q MeHhlIIe. Ha <!>lIr. 82 aan rpaifJlIK, nOK33hlBaIOmntt, KaKYIO ),(0.1110 BeC3 acero aaroaupa UY;1,CT HCCTKHCnO){BHlKH06 KPblJIO, IDleIOmee
1t~2

. 0,06

.IS

I" --'1

= 0,06

C'IaHllhle

]',)-

ropa II KPblJl3 re me, 'ITO H n 'IIIC.10BOM npnsepe). 'hr. 8 L IiOHe'lHO, YCJIOBIIC O,1{HHaIWBblX OOOPOTOBpOTopa na 60.111,mOM ,lI;Harra30HC pelKllllon HC JlIl.lf1CrCIT r;3Ter,)plI'IC('I\IOI I( MOlKRO or Hero OTXOJlUTh rrpn 8b160pc II.10ma;11l I:PIJ.13, 110 nano IIMCTL B RH,1{y, 'ITO ~OCTaHOBKa KPbl.~a UO.lbIUOIt U,~OIlF\~1t "ullin uaero.isuo p;nrpyaHTL POTOPHa JlaKCU-

91

porOPOI(
BLII

J(a.lLBLlX

CKOPOCTHXrOpH30HTaJhHOrO noaera, '11'0 B1I3BHKBeT OnaCBOCTh norepa 060poToB. Yro.t YCTaHOBKH KPLlJla HyacUO 6p3Th T3KHII, ~T06L1 IICTHHyroJl ero araxa npa MaliCHMaJlhHblX csopocrax aRTOlKHp3 6hI.1 6••H30};

:;0'•.

1-----1- ---

---j
I
lc--

7fL.f-----l-

10',1----

c'----_.".O."-1 ---0-"-.2""---""1''''.

_TI,
I

,1.·1

o.~

<t>nr. 82.
It yr!y

113KCIlMaJJbROrO K3'leCTBa npo4JBJUI spura. Ha 3MepHKaRCKHX aaroaapax YCTaHOBKH KpLlla 2°. B noaemeanoa B KOH~e ra, 1 Taul. 1 npHB6)1eHbI paasepa HPnO)l,BHlKHhlX Iipbl.1heB .lIJ1J1 nesoropux cyutecrnyiomnx asroxapoe. yro!

r YCToiilJIlBOCTJ.

.1

11 a

'I

Tile

p r « Jt

II oa':IaJlCnpOBlm

aRTOampa
POWIHl

§ 1. )' C.'lOIlUB nxaaaoit pa6o~1.I

IlJIaBHocTb B pa60TC poropa aa IICCX no.1CTHhlX pCiKlIlIaX anroaaipa 1II .~HCTCH ne06XOi\IlMblM rpetoaaanes, ras l,aK aeponnocrn II TpSlCKa, nepeaanaac aa OCTaJIhHblCqaCTII xanraas. ()Yi\YT lI.mSlTb ua npO'lHOCTb xoucrpyxnuu, per) JIlIpOIlItY poropa II iI!lymx JleTa.~eIL :{a IleIUH'llIlC~1 nocraro-moro axenaontaru: onaoro OUhITa npurercn 1I0l,a oruauusnn.ca llpC;l_llap"Tl'.lbllhJ)11I coo(ipamt'Rllml 06 YCJIOBI1SlX nJIallll'lli paGOThI poropa. Bo-nepnux, POTOP JlOJIlKCR 6bITb nnare.u.ao ctiaaaucnponan Tan, 'lTo(il OTHOCnrC.1hHO CBoefi nell OR IIMC.' crannecsnn Mmlf'HT pallllbDI Rpm. Tal' J\a JIonaCTI! poropa KpcrUITCH K nrpKC mapanpno, TO ',a.1aIlClIpOBKY MOl"l: npOIl3BO)l,IITh )l,ByMH CIIocooa~llI. II C P B hI 11: C n 0 C o 6. l;a.laH_cupYKlT POTOP II_C;lI1KII~I, TaK iKe Ital; OObl'lHIJ BlIRThI, Jl.m xero xonacra spennr r. cnenuan.aon RTy.1KC iKt'CTI;O. BTy.1J;a Hac; men a na OCb, JIemamYKl ropU30HTa.1bHO B mapnsouux n":\U1I!URIIKaX; aouacr paC'IaJIllnaIOTCH B IT.1OC'IWCTJispameuna. B T o-p 0 it CIT 0 COo. EaJIaR<'lIpYIOT .,0naCl'JI no OT;J.C.1bROCTU, A0611SaHC roro, 'ITOOb1 ORII UbUII pasnoro seca II 'lTOObl nearpu TSljJ;eCTH JlX na.xOAlIJlUC TOqRO all. Oi\IlHaIWnhIX pacerormuax OT KOPRJI. Bropon cnocof naaooaee npoc 8 3KCllJIOaTaIlIl1l, Tal' KaK !IC TpeGYCT, Kill' nepsun, rneuna.u.noro IIPIICIlOCOOJICIIll 11 noxeutenaa C BhICORIlM nOTo,mOM. HCPOBHOCTb n paOOTC poropa ~IO;I;eT ('hlTL OT nCO;I_IIHaKOnldX yraon YCT,: HOBlm aonacrez, TaIt liliIt pasaana B JTllX yr.iax 3acr.l.BJlSlCT .101laCT1I nnnran,c B pasnux Il.I0CKOCTJlX, 'ITO auauaaer KO,1eUanIlJl B ne.l!l'llIHe KOMnOHenT(~ CIIJI poropa aa OilJlIl ooopor. BTn IW,1PuaAIlH II CO;l.1aIOT HepOBROCTb B patior pOTODa. IIPIlIIlIMiUI ;)TO no BHIDlaHlIC, B xpcrueuuu .wnaCTen poropa 1\ BTy.1r. ,nOJlmRO 6hITb npe)!,yn!OlpCnO ITPIIClIOC06.1CHlle }l.ll! rounon perymposrn yr.1 llX YCTaHOBltH. Ilpn YCTanOIl[;e .touncrett Hymno Y'II!ThlnaTJ. BO,1MolKnYlo 3ill\pyn; aonacren, MorymylO no.l),QIIThCIl 11.111 npu 1I3rOTon.1CHIIIl JlX 11,1113i1. (''lCT Jlt' qlOpMauntt. . ,'IoITacThB CBOC~I J\peu.leHI1I1 I; BTy.1Ke 1IMecr· Il'JMJlMO rl1p1l30HTaJbHOr mapanpa eute n BepTIIKa.lbHbI!t, n03BOJISlIOlIIlIII eit KO.1eGaTbclI B n,10CltOCTl BpaIlICHIiSl. Beprunarsautt mapnnp llBCi\CIl C ueasto JI:luemaTb 1I3rllOa JlOHaCTJ B n.~OCROCTII BpaIUCHIIH, ~!Orymcro aoanmmyn, OT C.1C)!,YKlmnx npFnrH 1) DCPII0)l,1I'18CKoro apvrnrnero MOMeRTa, soropun ~ll)iI(eT IIpll (iOJIhmIlX p. i\OCTJJraT1 60JIbmHX lle.m'lllH, If:/,) xoxenra OT JlHCPIlIlOIIIllJX C.1I.~ aGcOJlIOTBOrO ilBDseHUf .JI(lnaCTH. OT paccroannn neprasaasnoro mapunpa OT ocn poropa S3BltClJ1

9:3

,.,.,~

II D.loaectK' BPaDt8BU II ILtUIIOCTIo .~pi, :\ KO.le6aHBs .II0DaCTII 01010 Bept'U&.IhBOro BePTIIKCUbHHX mapaapes aaa401 ~aHllol KOHCTPYE~JI. poropa - CB06, T3K EaR OBO saBHCBT OT I13cc0801 xapaaepJ[cTHKH JlODaCTB, 'I1ICJJa .IIoDaerel porepa, OT roro, D KaRol sepe ~rpaBl'leBIiI KO.lle6aSBJI JlOl1aCTel RauU-.lB60 ynpyrHIIlI OrpaHH'lHT6JJlIIB II ctumaRliI .liB JlODaCTJI )l;Pyr C APyroH rpocasa. AM6pHKaSCKH6 KOHCTPYBTOPH aBToapoB-e006~aIOT 1, 'ITO OBB, pemaa STY 3a)l;a'lY SKcnepHII6BTaJLHO J{ MaTelIaTlfllecD (pem6SH6 auau Be oDy6uEoDaao), npHmlH K BLlBOJlY, 'ITO DJaDBOCTb B paOOT6 poropa saBHCHT OT OTHOmeBHJI nepHO)(a ~06CTDeHHLlI BOle6aui IODaeTl! . B nOJl6 nenrpooeaaax CBJ I nepHOAY o6opoTa poropa, TaR, BilIIJllIII6p, .JlJI 4,-.I0naCTHoro poropa, Bl(elJ~rO lIeZAYJlonaCTBHe paCTJlSSB, IIIaBHOCThIlOJlY'IaeTCSI npa H6'1ernOIl OTHOmeHBH. B TOO.I. 10 AaRH paCCTOJlHBJI D6pTDKaJlbHblX mapnapoa or OCl(' poropa .... JI ae'loropblx HS cy~ecTByl)I~HX asroanpoa.

ral aitYro paOOTO.IIHB8 BlueT aa mapBJl'pl. '.-a'lH06 lleeTOD().I0a6BR8

YCmI'iiiiiW'"

.. O~'

pa69rv

~"B

Ta6.1B~a

10

PacC1'OSBBe lepTBltUh,lI;.. ·e'TP BaaBaBBe aBTOBOlOmapBapa Eapa porope, M OT 00.

poropa,
M

q.c.lo o6oJlOTOB poropa B .B.YTY

Dp •• nlne

PAA-l PCA-2 ReueT a-gA 4.aA

0,102 0,197 0,159 O,UIO 0,160

13,8 12,5 12,0 13,0

11,2

185 133 150 160

145

Bee POTOPY,-ionleTllwe •• elllT ....... YJOnaCTBwe coelnBBllut.e TpOCY

B lle.lJlX DorJIOIQeHI!Jl YCHJIuA B nJlOCKOCTH Bpa~eHHJI poropa, MOry~.X B03HHEaTh DpB ero sanycae, I1pB nepexoze C Oi\HOro pelKHH3 aa ,ltPyroA B upB CJI.IIbBIU IIOpHBax nerpa, lIelKJlY.1l0naCTHble TpOCH KpenSlTCSI H6 HeDOCpe,!lCTBeHHOIt JIOuaCTO, It pasaras ,lICMn<pepOB (nOrJIOTHTe.1lf'llt). B 3-.IOnaCTllblX poropax 3110pTJl3DpJI)mee npacnocooseaae noaemeno OKO_10aepranaasaax nrapaapoa.

§ 2_

l'npau.mellOCTL

aBTOatBpa

H POTOP

PaeuoTpHM, RaRHM 06pa30M B03,l1eltCTBHJI py.!lJl rJly6HHH B SJePOHO~ nep6A3IOTeJI 'P3 POTOP H nepeaoaar ero n.!lOCKOCTb npameBll1I B HJZHbll pelEBM I[.IH, B6pHee,ltaK rrpa IIO,ltBeCHblX JlOnaCTSIX (mapaapaoe zpemeaae) nsocsocrs Bpameau poropa c.IIe~yeT sa <pI036J1JIZell I1pH BaUOHax 1I0CJI6)(Hero. BOSLlleli A.IIJI pat.ClroTpeHHJI 4-JI'OnaeTIJHIt pOTOp. llpeAUO.IOlKHM, 'iTO anroaap nylKHo uepeseera C yraa i aa 60.1lbmHIt yroJl a'laKH i', )(.111 'lCI'() pVJlelf rJly6HHbI c03AaeTeJ{Ka6pHpYIOmnn HOlleHT, KOTOPbllt 6y,lteT noaopa'maars <p10361BlK OItO.ilO"nearpa TszeCTB lfamHHH. llJlOCKOCTh, npoxozamaa 'lr.peJ I'OPl130HTaJlbHbl6 mapHnpLI (HOPllaJIbBaJI II OCR poropa), 6YAeT nOBOpa'lIInaThCSI npll BTOM O,ltHOBpell6RBO e <fIlO3e.llJllK611aa OJlHH H TOT lKe yrOJl'. Jlon3cTH, pacno.!OZeBHfle B nepBHI IIOl(e8T Bos,lIelcTBHJI neprr6IJ)I,HKYJl'JlpHO It <pIOSeJlJlZY, nOBepBYTeJI BlfeCT6 C !lJ1J3e.1JIlKeH H BSlleHSIT Kal£ymncclI yr.IJbl nrasa; zonaers, lI.!1yman
1

".A'fiation

Eugiuering",

1931, anpcn.

94

,-'~-r,

!f'.nep&AlIO lnsen»
6y..e¥.BBraThca

BamHH"', 6YJl.6T U1I6Tb YBeD'lellJf6 TrlOB aTaU ee.eBBI• B BOBOI DJlOCKOCTH,lIJfelOII(61t C rpaeKTopBel neaera fro.! lIeBbmei; 1t .I0naeTb, KAymas DOHSITHO,6YJl6T HM6Tb Yll6HbmeHII6 TrloB aTaKH'C6'1eHIUI :I 6j:'6T Jl.aJle6 ABsran.ca rozse B HOBOIt II.10CKOCTS. .1olIaCTB me, paCDO.lOZ6BBYe 'BllOJIb ~IOSeJUI$a (~Hr. 83), B nepsua MOlleHT B03AeRcTBHJI He 6y JlYT nOBOpa'iIfBaTbCJIHX DJIOCKOCTh spanteaaa H6 6y aer creaesars epasy aa IIOBOPOTOMrOJlOBltH, H ORR 6YllYT coxpauars remenna» JlBRraTbCJI B cTapOIt TIJlOC-

,-".

~Br,

83.

·IiOCT~

zeBRe,

v,

BpaIlleHR'JI; B CJIeJlYIOmHIt MOMeRT, trepexoaa B Jlpyroe yrJIOBOe nOJ10OHH 6YJlYT nomeprarsca rrOBopOTY soapyr CBOUX npO)l.OJIbHhlX ocea " B pesYJlbTaT6 sepes aesoropoe Ma.108 BpeMSI ()l.O.1Sl CeItYH,IlLl) nJlOCKOCTbBpaIllPHIUI. neex JlOlIacTelt npaser HYlKHhllt yro.l aTaRII. To me caM08 6YJleT H npaoosceoa ynpaareaua. OTcIOJla MbI BIIJlIIM, 'ITO n.10CROCTb Bpau~eHHSI poropa CJ1eJlyeT aa ~I03eJISllReM npa rrosopore IIOC,leJlHerO II 'ITO rOTOp C mapnnpao spenaeauaa .W<IaCTSlMII HHKaKllX HeY)J,oGcTB B Y npauaeane aaroacapox He BIIOClIT.

§ 3. Ooecrseaaea

YCToA'IBBOCTL

BSTomBpa

,_

B~aroJl.i1PJl mapaapnosy speurenmo aonaerea pOTopa asroxapy npncyma co6cTBeHHafi CT3111'IecKa.SI YCTOit'lllllOCTb B <l>OPM6 ManTHlIltOBolt YCToR'IHIIOCTH. npoaaenomaaea B oeotiensocta npn I\pyThlx cnycsax. AellcTBBTeJlhBO, pe3Y.lhTIIpYlOmaSl aapOJl.HHa~nl'leCKIIX CII.1 nceraa npoxoanr sepea BTYJlKY pOTopa. KOTOPYIO MOlRBO pacesarpaaan, KaK TO'l"Y npuaeea ,1.1111 acero aBTOiKlIl'a. Ileurp THlReCTIl asroaapa JIemUT nOll BTy.':,Ott. OTCTOSIOT nee no BhlCOTe llOBn_",no 3.Ra'IBTe.1hRO (aanpaaep, y 2·9A paccroanne Ml'lKJlY DTY.1Koll II 1(, T, paauo 1.5..11). KO.lle6aHIUI, cnoacrsennue MillITnnl\)', He 6Yl\YT lIlleTh MCC'T:l D anroaape: OIlH 6YAYT noramarsca B03HllKaloti(Cn ua rO.10BI,e POTOpil nO['('Tanan.lIlnalOweR napolt 6JIar0)1.apSl TOMY, 'ITO ropnaoarasr.nue mapnupu KpenJeHIlSl sonaerea He

95

',_

-,.~,-.. -;...

~ • ,-, r . ;; ';/!;_~::'Io.'~~'.>-''''''''''':

'-!"!""l"."'~~.~:~~~-, '. /., ...

\:;,;

06pa1Ofii1i.e

Haxo_'

J'I(ellTpe BTfIKl, a paaa8CeHLt DO 60KaK ee, Ha tKr. 83 uoK&aase BOOOTaaall.llB8B>mell napa, npHt'i.IHl&eaHO paBBol DpOnae,.eHlJO 1{6HTPOOezHott CH.lbl aa nJIe'JO d-d1 npa BHe3alIHOM OTlUOH6HBB 0011 poropa,.. ina

BOCCT3B3BJrRBaR'tt'n3Hnapa UOJlBJlJIeTCJl npR KOJle6aHIut aBTOlKRpa B .310001 II.HCROCTII, npoxoivrmelt sepea OCb poropa, D 066CU61JHBaeT B 3Ha'lllT6UBOlcT6neHII YCTolUBOCTh asroaapa, NaR B rrpO)(OJlLHOK, T3K II B nOnep6'IH01l .aanpaB~eHHax. , BeJrH'IIIHa BOCCTaRaB.UIBalOmeA napa 3aBHCDT OT pacCTOHHHR e roPlsOOTaJlbHOro mapnnpa .'IOnaCTR OT OCR poropa. Q6M' 60JIbme e, T6M 60Jlbme Be.'IR'lRII& uapH II TeM 60.lbme YCTol'lBBOCTL, 0,ll;H3KO60Jlbmoe paeeroaaae Hea&JlaTeUIIO, TaK RaR 3TO BLl3LlBaeT YBNH'l6811e aeca BTYJlKII. KPOM6 roro, 60,0,· moe paeeroaane ropaaoararsaoro mapnp3 OT eea poropa UPOBO)(IIT .K 1I0JlB.l&RRIO 60nmu MOlfeHTOB na rOJlOBJ:6 poropa IIpH YCTaHOBJfBmeKCH pea.... ropH80flT3JILHOrO IIOJleTa 1, IWTOPLl6 IIpRm.1l0CL OLl ROIIUeaCJlpoBaTb PYUBW¥1l nosepxROCTHMH. cy~6C'M1ylOmRx aBTO)KHpaX ropJt30HTULUNe. mapBllPM OTCTOHTOT OCR poropa sa IIHB.MULBlle._ > Ta6.11HI\a . 11 • CRO.1lhlW aTO n03BOJl1!eT KOHCTpYIinIlJI, paCCToBHn: ----------B Ta( ••~. ,11 ,lI;a!lLl paCCTORHIIR rop030HTa.lbHhlX mapaapos OT OCII poropa ~JUI B8£OTOPaCCTOIIBl!e HaJ811oB'B8ua- iropnOBI'UI>Boro a PNX .H3 cymecTBYIOlQlIX .amBR • • 11 pa : maJlll1lJ* • .II , He06xoilno yEasa~,e~e sa O,ll;HOo6eroa" i OT OCR poTOpa TeJIbCTBO, B33tHOe C TO'lIl 8peBBB YCTOI'IHBOCT1I aBTOlKlfpa,-3TO TO, 'ITO l'iJIaroJ{api mapBJlpHO.Y Kp6nJleHHM cBollcTBeHHLlII BpatnaJOmlllft.a UBPAA·l 0,07 0,086 PCA-2 TaM mHpOCKOIIJf'leCKRII a4>~KT B BRAe ODpOD0,08 2-3A . ,l{blBalOmRX MOMeHTOB B POTOP6116 npOSU8e'lU; 0,08 -4-3A • Tax xa" AouaCTH MOll6HTOB na MamlIRY Be, nepe.i a (OT. CTon OTM",.HTh, 'ITO aarossap MeRee qYBCTBIITeJIeH B noaere aa M&JINX csopoerax K nopNB311 aerpa, '16M CaMOJl6T, B CBJlY H6 TO.ILKO C806. Ycrol ..... <' BOCTB, BO II roro 4>alTa, 'ITO OTHOCHT6Jlb,JILle CROPOCTB, a CTaJlo-(jIiTL, II tHm Y AOllacTB poropa H3I1eHJIIOt,CJI JleRLm6 OT IIOJlLlBa serpa, '16M Y Kpbl.la easoJl6T3, nOTOIIY 'ITO OTHOCHTeJlLRLle CROPOCTU(npa OlHHaROBO. CROPOCTHnoaera) y Ce'l61lJJH JIOIIaCTH poropa aaroisapa B cpe,!l.HeM 60Jlhm6. '1611Y KpLT.la caJ(O.IeT&"

§ 4.•
B

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