ထာဝရအသက္ကိုလည္း ငါေပး၏။ ထိုသိုးတို႔ သည္ ပ်က္ဆီးျခင္းႏွင့္

အစဥ္ မျပတ္ ကင္းလြတ္ ၾကလိမ့္မည္။ အဘယ္သူမွ်ထိုသိုးတို႔ကို

ငါ့လက္မွ မႏႈတ္ မယူရာ။ ၂၉ထိုသိုးတို႔ကို ငါ၌အပ္ေပးေတာ္မူေသာ
ငါ့ခမည္းေတာ္သညး္ ခပ္သိမ္းေသာသူတို႔ထက္ ႀကီးျမတ္ ေတာ္မူ
သည္ျဖစ္၍၊ အဘယ္သူမွ်ထိုသိုးတို႔ကို ငါ့ခမည္းေတာ္၏ လက္မွ မႏႈတ္
မယူႏိုင္ရာ။ ေယာ ၁၀ း ၂၈-၂၉
 1

,HMk unfo\
l xm0&vHjk cHKpdwcf srI
,HMk unfo\
l xm0&vHjk cHKpdwcf srI
(The Eternal Seurity of the Believer)
bk&m;ociftvdak wmftm;jzifh 'kw, d arG;jcif;cHNy;D aom c&pf,mefwpf
OD;onf tjypfjyKrdaomtcg ol\ u,fwifjcif;qHk;½HI;aysmufuG,foGm;Edkifyg
,HkMunfol\ xm0&vHkjcHKpdwfcsrIMo0g'udk ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf oavm/ or®musr;f pmudk pdwt f m;xufoefpmG ? aumif;rGepf mG ,HMk unfMuaom
usrf;pmtaMumif;jycsuf (12)csuf/ urÇmay:&Sd c&pf,mefrsm;onf þar;cGef;tay:ü cH,lcsufuGJvGJrI&SdMuonf/
Oyrmtm;jzifh xm0&vHkjcHKpdwfcsrIMo0g'onf tcsdKUaomolrsm;twGuf tzdk;xdkufwefaom
1/ xm0&vHkjcHKpdwfcsrI Mo0g'ESifh tuRrf;w0ifqufEG,faeaom Mo0g' or®mw&m;jzpfouJhodkY tjcm;aomolrsm;twGufrl pdk;&drfbG,fab;Oyg'fjzpf
(8)rsdK;/ apaom Mo0g'jzpfonf/ þMo0g'udk cdkifNrJpGm ,HkMunfaomoltcsdKUonf
2/ xm0&vHjk cKH pw
d cf srrI &S[
d al om Mo0g'twGut
f rsm;tm;jzifh toH;k jyKaeMu þMo0g'udk ,HMk unfrrI &Sv d Qiu f ,fwifjcif;odYk ra&mufEikd [ f k oGeof ifMuonf/
aom usrf;csufrsm;/ tjcm;olrsm;url aus;Zl;awmfü wpfBurd w f nfvQif tNrw J nfrnf (one in grace,
always in grace) [k oGeo f ifjcif;onf c&pf,mefrsm;udk tjypfjyKvyk &f eftwGuf
tm;ay;&m a&mufonf[k ,HMk unfMuonf/ þMo0g'udk ,HMk unforl sm;onf
q&mBu;D (HOMER DUNCAN) a&;om;xm;onfh bk&m;ocif\ pd;k pHru I kd tav;teufxm;Muonf/ þMo0g'udk r,HMk unfol
THE ANCHOR OF HOPE - udk OD;wifarmif0if; (awmifMu;D ) u
wduYk rl þMo0g'onf vlwpfO;D wpfa,mufukd jyKjyif&eftwGuf aESmifBuKd ;rJah om
bmomjyefqdkNyD; odu©mawmf&q&mapmpHatmifwnf;jzwfxkwfa0onf/ udk,fusifhw&m;jzpfay:aponf[k tav;teufcH,lMuonf/
xm0&vHjk cKH pw
d cf srMI o0g'udk rSeu
f efpmG em;vnfjcif;jzifh bk&m;ocif\
twkrahJ om aus;Zl;awmfukd tHMh obG,&f mxif&mS ;ay:vGiaf ponf/ þMo0g'udk
yxrtBudrf xkwfa0jcif; 1992 usr;f pmawmfjrwfwiG &f adS om tjcm;Mo0g'rsm;ESihf rSeu f efpmG qufE, G f Munfo h nfh
'kwd,tBudrfxkwfa0jcif; 2010 tcg þMo0g'onf u,fwifjcif;\Bu;D jrwfru I kd ,HMk unforl sm;odjrifem;vnf&ef
taxmuftuljzpfapygonf/ þMo0g'udk trSew f u,f,MkH unfygu ylyefaom
ESvHk;om;rsm;tm; Nidrfoufjcif;? ESpfodrfhjcif;udk ay;pGrf;Edkifygonf/
tjypfom;wpfOD;onf rdrdrnfodkY touf&Sifonfqdkonfhtcsufudk
vspfvsL½Ium rdrdudk,fudk c&pf,mefwpfOD;tjzpf0efcHygu xm0&vHkjcHKpdwfcs
rI&rnf[al om ajymqdjk cif;rSeo f rQonf tEå&m,frsm;í pD&ifjcif;cHxu kd af om
 2

a[mMum;jcif;jzpfonf/ u,fwifjcif;a&mufNyD; olonf rnfonhft&mudk ,HMk unforl sm;tbkYd ¤if;wdo Yk nf c&pf,mefrsm;jzpfaMumif; rdrw d dYk pdwEf v
S ;kH udk
vkyaf pumrl i&Jrus[q k ukd m tjypf'pk ½duk uf kd qufvyk &f ef awG;ac:olonf tNrJwrf;ppf&efrvkdaomfvnf; r&ifhusufao;aom ,HkMunfolrsm;twGufrl
bk&m;ocif\ u,fwifjcif;tpDtpOfudk aocsmpGm em;rvnfao;aMumif; or®musrf;pm\ wkdufwGef;csufrsm;udk ta&;,l*½kjyKMu&ayrnf/ rdrdudk,fudk
odomaponf/ u,fwifjcif;a&mufNy;D olukd tjypfw&m;ü qufvuftouf ,HMk unfjcif;ü wnfrwnfppfaq;jcif;? rdru d ,
kd w
f ikd o
f ufaocHjcif;rsm; jyKvyk f
&Si&f ef bk&m;ociftvdrk &Syd g(a&m? 6;1-2)/ ,HMk unforl sm;tm; rSm;,Gi;f aom &ayrnf/ ]]oifwo Ykd nf ,HMk unfjcif;ü wnfoavm? rwnfoavm[k ud, k u f kd
vHjk cKH pw
d cf srjI zpfapaom rnfonho f eG o
f ifcsurf qdk rrSeu f efay/ aMumufruf ud,
k f ppfaMumMuavmh/ ud, k u f u
kd ,
kd pf pkH rf;Muavmh/ ud, k u
f u
kd ,
kd f pHpk rf;Muavmh/
bG,f&mtjypfw&m;udk avQmhayghpGm rSwf,ljcif;? c&pf,mefwdkY\ touf&Sif tppfrcHEdkifaomolrrSefvQif a,½Ic&pfonf oifwkYdü wnfawmfrlonf[k
jcif;toufwmudk uif;rJhap&ef tm;ay;tm;ajr§mufjcif;udk or®musrf;wGif ud,k tf aMumif;udk ud,k rf odMuoavm/}}(2aum? 13; 5)
rnfonfhae&mürQ rawGU&yg/ xm0&vHkjcHKpdwfcsrItay:,HkMunfrIr&SdaomolwdkY ol\u,fwifjcif;
,HMk unfow l ikd ;f tbdYk aemufq;kH yef;wdik o f nf c&pfawmf\ yko H P²mef qH;k ½I;H Edik o
f nf[al om xifjrif,q l csuo f nf bk&m;ocif\t&mrsm;ü pdwt f m;
ESifh wnDwnf;jzpfapjcif;yifjzpfonf (a&m? 8;29)/ ,HkMunfolwdkif;tbdkY xufoefpmG vHv Yk pdu k x
f w
k í
f BuKd ;pm;aomaMumifh jzpfonf[k xifjrifMuonf/
c&pfawmfEiS q hf ufo, G rf rI mS tNrw J nfonf (a,m? 15;5)/ 0dnmOfa&;ü use;f rm u,fwifjcif;qH;k ½H;I rIukd pd;k &dryf yl efjcif;onf ,HMk unfot l m; tjypfrS uif;a0;
aom ,HMk unfow l ikd ;f onf aus;Zl;awmfüvnf;aumif;? c&pfawmfukd oduRr;f aponf[k olw, Ydk MkH unfMuonf/ xdo k Ykd pd;k &dryf yl efjcif;onf aumif;aom jyKrcl suf
jcif;üvnf; aumif;BuD;yGm;vsuf&Sdonf(2ay? 3;18)/ vlwpfOD;onf trSef udjk zpfapaomfvnf; cspjf cif;arwåmonf bk&m;ocif\ pdwu f ykd í
kd awGUxdap
wu,fjcif;odYk a&mufvQif ol\ tjyKtrl? pdwo f abmxm;t&m&mwdik ;f onf onfh aumif;rGefonfh jyKrlcsufyifjzpfonf/
topfjzpfvmonf (2aum? 5; 17)/
tMuifoo l nf c&pfawmf\ emrudk trSjD yKí tjypfw&m;\csnaf ESmif ]]bk&m;ocifonf a&S;OD;pGm igwku
dY dk cspaf wmfral omaMumifh igwko
Yd nf
rIatmufü qufvuftouf&SifaevQif u,fwifjcif;pdwfcsrIudk&&ef tcGifh bk&m;ocifudk cspfMu\/}} (1a,m? 4; 19)/
tvrf;qH;k ½H;I vsu&f \ dS / u,fwifjcif;odaYk &mufbt Ykd wGuo f m tay:,Ho&d x dS m;Ny;D c&pfawmf\ cspjf cif;arwåmonf uREyfk w f u
Ydk kd tEdik t
f xuf aoG;aqmif
u,fwifjcif;odaYk &muf&eftvd&k o dS o l nf u,fwifjcif; pdwcf srrI &Edik yf g/ c&pf aomaMumifh uREkfyfwkdYonf wzefudk,ftvdkodkYvdkufír½Sif? uREkfyfwdkYtwGuf
,mefwpfOD;jzpfvsuf tjypfw&m;ü qufvufusifvnfaejcif;onf tvGef taocHNy;D rS xajrmufaomrlaomol\ tvdak wmfov Ykd u
kd í
f &Siaf prnft h aMumif;
rSm;,Gif;aom tcsufyifjzpf\/ yifjzpfonf(2aum? 5;14-15)/ oif\om;orD;rsm;onf oifu h kd aMumuf&UHG aom
xdaYk Mumifh or®musr;f pm\ owday;csu?f wdu k wf eG ;f csurf sm;udk ,HMk unf aMumifh ½dak orIay;jcif;xuf oifu h ckd spí
f ½dak orIay;jcif;udk oifEpS o f ufonf
olwidk ;f *½kr&l ayrnf/ ]]xkadY Mumifh tMuifoo l nf rdrw d nfMunfvsuf aeonf[k r[kwyf gavm/ ,HMk unfo\ l xm0&vHjk cKH rMI o0g'udk ,HMk unfaom c&pf,mefrsm;
rdrx d ifrw S \ f / xdo k o l nf rvJjcif;iSg owdjyKap(1aum? 10;12)/ &ifu h suaf om ESihf c&pfawmf\ cspjf cif;arwåmtEdik t
f xufaoG;aqmifjcif;jzifh touf&iS af om
 3

c&pf,mefrsm;onf c&pf,meftoufwmESin hf aD om touf&iS rf rI sKd ;&SMd uonf/ rMum;? pdwEf v S ;kH jzifh rMupH nfao; (1aum? 2;9)/ txufyg usr;f yd'k u f kd aemif
olwoYkd nf bk&m;ocifukd tapcHjcif;rSm bk&m;ocifu rdrw d t Ykd m; vufc&H ef tem*wfwiG f bk&m;ocifbek ;f xif&mS ;ap&eftwGuf rMumcPtrSjD yKaomfvnf;
r[kwf? rdrdwdkYu bk&m;ocifudkcspfaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ þjcm;em;csufudk tajccHusaom oufqikd rf o I nf uREyfk w f Ykd ,ckrsuaf rSmufü cHpm;&aom u,f
olwEYkd iS hf bk&m;ocifukd jyKro
l nfukd pOf;pm;Munfyh g/ wifjcif;yifjzpf\/ xdt k &mwdu
Yk kd bk&m;ocifonf igwku dY kd 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh
uREyfk w
f o
Ykd nf xm0&vHjk cKH rMI o0g'udrk avhvmrSD ¤if;Mo0g'ESihf oufqikd f azmfjyawmfr\ l (1aum? 2;10)/ uREyfk w f o Ydk nf bk&m;ocif\om;rsm;jzpfMuvQif
aom? tjcm;aom usr;f pmMo0g'(8)ckukd rSeu f efpmG oabmaygufxm;&ef vdk bk&m;ocifay;awmfral omt&mwku Yd okd jd cif;tvdiYk gS bk&m;ocifxrH S <uvmaom
ayonf/ 0dnmOfawmfukd cH&MuNyD (1aum?2;12)/ 'kw, d arG;jcif;cHNy;D aom c&pf,mefwpfO;D
taeESihf rdru
d , kd yf ikd f todOmPfukd trSjD yKí or®musr;f pmudk avhvmaomfvnf;
1/ 0dnmOfawmftvif;ay;aomMo0g' Bu;D jrwfaom bk&m;ocif\ or®mw&m;rsm;udk em;vnfEikd pf rG ;f r&Syd g/ 0dnmOf
(THE DOCTRINE OF DIVING ILLUMINATION) awmfu oGeo f ifr&I rSom ,HMk unfot l aeESihf xm0&vHjk cKH pw d cf sr\
I or®mw&m;
or®musr;f pmonf xl;jcm;tHb h , G af om pmtkyjf zpfí xl;jcm; tHb, G f udk em;vnfoabmaygufEdkifrnfjzpfonf/
aomq&mr&Sv d Qief m;rvnfEikd yf g/ bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfonf or®musr;f pm
udak &;om;aom pma&;ol(2wd?3;16? 2ay?1;21)ESihf usr;f pmudk teuft"dymÜ ,f 2/ u,fwifjcif;ESihf pyfqikd af omMo0g'
jyefqo kd jl zpfonf (a,m? 14;26? 16;13?14)/ Zmwdyuwdvo l nf bk&m;ocif\ or®musr;f pmu oGeo
f ifu,fwifjcif;taMumif;udk aumif;pGmoabm
0dnmOfawmft&mudk rcHr,l/ xdkt&mwkdYonf rdkufrJaomt&mjzpfonf[k aygufrSomvQif u,fwifjcif;onf xm0&u,fwifjcif;jzpfaMumif;udk odem;vnf
xifwwf\/ xdt k &mwdu Yk kd 0dnmOftm;jzifh ydik ;f jcm;í em;vnfEikd af omaMumifh Edik rf nf/ u,fwifjcif;ESiyhf wfoufí uREyfk w dYk jrifonf trsm;tm;jzifh av;eufr?I
f t
Zmwdyuwdvlonf em;rvnfEdkif(1aum?2; 14)/ euf½dIif;rIr&Sdyg/ c&pf,mefwpfOD;jzpfjcif;onf tjypfukd0efcHjcif;? aumif;onfxuf
'kwd,arG;jcif;rcH&ao;olwpfOD;taeESifh [m;Awf(Harvard) wuúodkvf aumif;vmap&ef touf&iS rf üI BuKd ;pm;jcif;? c&pf,mefbmomw&m;udk vufcH
rS (Ph. D) a'gufwmbGu YJ kd &,lcEhJ ikd af omfvnf; bk&m;ocif\ av;eufaom jcif;ESihf bmomynwfcsurf sm;twdik ;f touf&iS &f rnf[k uREyfk w f ,Ykd MkH unfMu
t&mrsm;udk em;rvnfEikd af y/ aus;Zl;awmfonf rlvtajccHjzpfí Zmyuwdvl onf/ or®musr;f pm\ zGijhf ycsut f & u,fwifjcif;onf ,HMk unfow l pfO;D wpf
\ qifjcifpOf;pm;jcif;ESifh qefYusifvsuf&Sd\/ a,muftwGuf bk&m;ocif\ tHb h , G af om vkyaf qmifcsujf zpfonf[k azmfjy
c&pf,mefwpfOD;taeESifh bk&m;ocif\ or®mw&m;rsm;udk oabm xm;ygonf/ ¤if;onf vlwt Ydk wGuf bk&m;ocif\vkyaf qmifcsujf zpfygonf/
aygufem;vnfygu xdo k o l nf oef&Y iS ;f aom 0dnmOfawmf\ qH;k roGeo f ifjcif;udk bk&m;ociftwGufvl\ vkyfaqmifr[kwfyg/
cH&oljzpf&ayrnf/ ]]usr;f pmvmonfEiS t hf nD bk&m;ocifukd cspaf om olwt Ykd bdYk raumif;rI'pk ½du
k üf epfreG ;f aeaom tjypfom;wpfO;D onf c&pfawmf
tvdiYk gS bk&m;ocifjyifqifawmfral om t&mwku Yd kd vlrsupf jd zifh rjrif? em;jzifh ü ,HMk unfr&I v
dS monft h cg tHMh obG,v f yk af qmifcsut
f enf;qH;k (60) csuo f nf
 4

ol\toufwmü ae&m,laMumif; "r®opfusr;f wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/ xdo k l jzpfvmonf(1a,m?1;12)/ bk&m;ocif\ tarGcH? c&pfawmfESifhtwl bkef;0ifpm;
onf c&pfawmfü oli,fuav;tjzpf bk&m;ocif\ rdom;pkxo J Ykd arG;zGm;vm Edik af yNy(D a&m? 8;17)/ bk&m;yuwdukd qufqaH omoljzpfvmonf(2ay?1;4)/
aomfvnf; olt Y bdb Yk &k m;ocifjyifqifxm;Ny;D aomtvH;k pku H kd olrodEikd yf g/ ol xdo
k o l nf arSmifru kd w
f efc;kd rS a&G;Ekwjf cif;cH&um cspaf wmfral om om;
onf aumif;uift&yfc&pfawmfü cyford ;f aom0dnmOfa&;&maumif;Bu;D r*Fvm awmf\Edik if x H o J Ykd oGi;f jcif;cH&onf(aum? 1;13)/ bk&m;om;tjzpfEiS hf aus;Zl;
udkcHpm;&aomfvnf;? pdkufonfhtwdkif; olonf &dwfjcif;cH&rnf/ xdkYaMumifh awmfudkcHpm;&onf(a&m?5;2)/ c&pfawmfESihftwl xajrmufjcif;a&mufNyD;
aus;Zl;awmfü BuD;xGm;jcif;? ocifbk&m;udk aMumuf&GUHjcif;ü oefY&Sif;rIESifh c&pfawmfEiS t hf wl bk&m;ocif\ vusmf bufü ,ckxikd af e&NyD ({?2; 6)/
jynfph jkH cif;? bk&mocifEiS t hf wl avQmufvrS ;f jcif;&Sad om c&pf,meftoufwm vlwpfOD;onf u,fwifjcif;a&mufonfhtcg bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOf
onf xl;jcm;aom rSwfom;bG,ftcsufwpfckjzpfonf/ awmfonf ol\txJü usdef;0yfawmfrl\(a&m? 8;9? 1aum? 6;19)/ xkYdjyif
vlwpfO;D onf u,fwifjcif;a&mufNy;D ygu olonfb&k m;ocifü wnf 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh c&pfawmf\ ud, k cf E©mxJoYkd AwåZd cH &H Ny(D 1aum? 12;13)/
&Sdaeonf(1a,m? 4; 15? 16)/ bk&m;ocifonf xdkolüwnf\({? 4; 6)/ c&pfawmfEiS hf wpfv;kH wpf0wnf;jzpfonfomru a&G;Ekwjf cif;aeY&ufwikd af tmif
xdo k o l nf c&pfawmfüwnfí c&pfawmfonfvnf; xdo k ül wnfae\({? 1; 3? oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\ wHqdyfcwfjcif;udkcH&onf({?4; 30)/
aum?1;27)/ xdkolonf 0dnmOfawmfüwnfí 0dnmOfawmfuvnf; xdkolü uREyfk w f o Ykd nf bk&m;ocif\Bu;D rm;tHb h ,G af om u,fwifjcif;taMumif;udk
used ;f 0yfawmfr\ l (*vm? 5;25? 1aum? 6;19)/ xdo k \l twdw?f ypöKyeÜ ?f tem odjrifwwfvmvQif xdu k ,fwifjcif;onf ,ck&ydik í f wzefq;kH ½H;I wwfaomt&m
*wf tjypftvH;k pHak q;aMumcH&Ny;D jzpfonf(1a,m?1;7)/ xkaYd Mumifh a,½Ic&pfü r[kwaf Mumif;udk oabmaygufem;vnfvmygvdrrhf nf/ xdjYk yif vlw\ Ykd tm;enf;
wnfaeaom xdkolwdkYonf tjypfpD&ifjcif;r&Sdawmhyg(a&m? 8;1)/ xdkolonf csuaf Mumifv h nf; qH;k ½H;I Edik af omt&mr[kwaf y/ uREyfk w f u Ydk ,fwifjcif; rcH&Edik f
bk&m;ocifa&SUawmfü npfaomt0wfESifhwlaom ol\ukokdvfaumif;rIwkYd jcif; t"dutcsurf mS ig[laomoabm pdwEf v S ;kH wGif ude;f atmif;aomaMumifh
aMumifhr[kwfay(a[&Sm? 64;6)/ c&pfawmftaocHjcif;jzifh tjypfajzvTwf jzpfygonf/ uREykf w f o
Ykd nf ½kyyf ikd ;f qdik &f m wpfBurd Ef iS hf 0dnmOfyikd ;f qdik &f m wpf
ay;jcif; aus;Zl;awmfaMumifo h m ajzmifrh wf&modaYk &muf&Muonf(a&m? 3;24)/ Budrfom 'kwd,arG;jcif;cHEkdifonf/
xdkolonf bk&m;ocif\om;awmftaocHawmfrljcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocifESifh pdwftm;xufoefpGm ½dk;om;pGmjzifh &SdMuaom c&pf,mefrsm;pGmwkdYu
rdó[m,zGUJ jcif;jzpfonf(a&m?5;10)/ vuf0g;uyfwikd af y:rSmoGe;f aomtaoG; ¤if;wdkYonf u,fwifjcif;tcsdefra&G;qHk;½HI;EdkifouJhodkY tcsdefra&G;vnf; jyef&
tm;jzifh c&pfawmf\Nidrfoufjcif;cHpm;&onf(aum? 3;15)/ xdkYtjyif tjypf Edik o
f nf[k xifrw S Mf uonf/ u,fwifjcif; rqH;k ½H;I &eftwGuf we*FaEGaeYnwdik ;f
vTwaf wmfrjl cif;wnf;[laom a&G;EIwaf wmfrjl cif;aus;Zl;({?1;&-8) ynwfw&m; w&m;yv’io f Ykd oGm;a&mufqak wmif;wwfMuonf/ þolrsm;onf u,fwifjcif;
used jf cif;rS a&G;Ekwjf cif; (*vm? 3;13)/ ypöKyeÜ f tjypf'pk ½du k af vmurS u,fvw T f taMumif;udk av;eufpGm rodaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ ¤if;jyif bk&m;ocif\
jcif; (*vm?1;4)udk &&Sdonf/ olonf bk&m; ocif\ 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh EIwu f ywfawmfwiG f azmfjyxm;onf rGejf rwfaom u,fwifjcif;taMumif;udk
topfarG;jcif;cH&onf(a,m?3;3?5?7)/ odjYk zpfí xdo k ol nf bk&m;ocif\om; olwo Ykd nf oabmraygufMuay/
 5

c&pfawmfjyKaom aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh bk&m;ocifonf u,fwifjcif; (2) 0dnmOfawmfjynfh0aom rptusdK;aqmif&Gufol/

aus;Zl;udk tcrJhvufaqmiftjzpfay;jcif;jzpfonf/ vlYtydkif;taeESifh bk&m; bk&m;ocifonf 0dnmOfawmfjynf0h aom rptusKd ;aqmif&u G o
f tl m;
ocifay;aom qkvufaqmifukd vufcb H &Ykd efjzpfayonf/ c&pfawmf taocH jzifh tjypfom;ukd Ed;k xaponf/ vltrsm;u,fwifjcif; tb,faMumifh ra&muf
jcif;ESifh &Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;onf {0Ha*vdw&m;udk jynfhpHkapjcif; jzpfonf/ onfukd uREkfyfwdkY tHhMoMuonf/ bk&m;ocifbufrS 0dnmOfawmfjynfh0aom
vlt
Y ydik ;f onf {0Ha*vdw&m;udk ,HMk unf&efjzpfonf/ vlb Y ufu xdw
k &m;udk rptusKd ;aqmifay;rnfo h rl sm;&Sm;yg;aomaMumifjh zpfonf/ ]]xdjk ynfukd rzsuqf ;D
vufcyH grl bk&m;ocifonf ajzmifrh wfjcif;udk jyifqifay;awmfrrl nf/ vlwpfO;D apjcif;iSm uG,uf maomol? NrKd U½d;k ysuaf y:rSm &yfíqD;wm; aomolwpfa,muf
onf rdrv d rf;udk rdrad vQmuf&ef a&G;cs,cf iG &hf odS uJo
h Ykd bk&m;ocif\ tvdak wmfEiS hf udrk Q ig&SmírawGU}} (a,Z?22; 30)/
nDaom jyKrlaomvrf;udk avQmufvSrf;EdkifcGifh&Sdayonf/
(3) tjypfom;Ed;k Mum;ap&ef oufaocHay;ol
bk&m;ocifonf tjypfom;udk Edk;Mum;ap&ef oufaocHrnfholudk
u,fwifjcif;odYk ñTejf yaom ajcvSr;f rsm; toHk;jyKonf/ þoufaocHolrSm trsm;y&dwfowfa&SUü w&m;a[maom
{0Ha*vdq&modkY r[kwftjcm;olwpfOD;tm; wpfOD;jcif;oufaocHaom c&pf
tjypfom;wpfO;D onf rdr\
d tjypfrsm;udk rodrjrifrcsi;f ajymif;vJjcif; ,mefwpfO;D tjzpfaumif;jzpfaprnf/ a,½Iu ]]igonfvnf; ajrBu;D ESihf cGmí
toufwmudk r&Edik af y/ xdo
k \l aysmufq;kH aomtoufwmudk jyefvnf Ed;k x ajr§mufxm;jcif;udk cH&vQif vltaygif;wkdYudk ighxHokdYigqGJrnf}} [k rdefYawmf
vmaomtcgrS ajymif;vJjcif;odaYk &mufEikd o
f nf/ tjypfom;wpfO;D tm; 0dnmOf rl\/ c&pfawmfonf ajrm§ ufxm;jcif;udck &H rS vltaygif;wko
dY nf c&pfawmfxo H Ykd
Ed;k x&eftwGuf bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfonf atmufygtcsuf oH;k csuu f kd qGJjcif;cH&rnf/
toHk;jyKygonf/
tjypfom;onf rdrdtjypfrsm;udk xif&Sm;pGmodjrif&rnf/
(1) bk&m;ocifukd aMumuf&UG aH om c&pf,mefw\ Ydk ajymif;vJaomtoufwm tjypf&adS Mumif;xif&mS ;pGm rxDrrhJ jrifygvsuEf iS phf pfreS af om ajymif;vJ
rsm;/ jcif; r&&SdEdkif/ ynwfawmfonftjypfom;\ tjypfudkxif&Sm;ap&eftwGuf
bk&m;ocifukd aMumuf&UG aH omc&pf,mefw\ Ydk ajymif;vJaomtoufwm oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\ vuf0,f&Sdom wefqmyvmjzpfonf/ ynwf
udk tjypfom;wkYd jrifawGUMuonft h cg rdrw
d \
Ykd vdt k yfcsuu f kd odjrifvmonf/ awmf&Sdjcif;jzifh avmuDom;taygif;wkdYonf pum;wpfcGef;udkrQ rajymEdkifbJ
a,½Iu ]]oifwo dYk nf avmu\qm;jzpfMu\/ qm;rlum; tiefuif; aysmuf bk&m;ocifa&SUawmfü tjypfoifhaomoljzpfMu\ (a&m? 3;19)/ ynwfw
vQif iefaomt&omudk tb,fojYkd yef&rnfenf;/ jyifoyYkd pfvu kd í
f ausmef if; &m;onf 'kp½dkuftjypfudk xif&Sm;aponf(a&m?3;20)/ ynwfw&m;onf
jcif;rSwyg; tb,ftoH;k rQr0if}} (r? 5; 13) [k rdeq Yf ckd o
hJ nf/ wzef0ifojzifh jypfrSm;aom tjypfyGm;rsm;\(a&m? 5;20)/ aygvku ynwf
 6

w&m;tm;jzifh tjypfoabmudk igod&\ (a&m? 7; 7)[k qdx k m;ygonf/ txuf onfr[kw?f oifw&Ydk o dS rQonfvnf; aemifwr&vQif ysupf ;D jcif;odYk a&mufMu
ygusrf;ydk'frsm;udk tvGJr,lrd&ef uREkfyfwkYd owdjyK&rnf/ &Sifaygvkaomf¤if;? vdrrhf nf[k igqd\ k }} [k rdeq
Yf ckd yhJ gonf (vk? 13;3)/ ayw½ku ]]oifwt Ydk jypfrsm;udk
uREkfyfwdkYaomf¤if;? ynwfw&m;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfjcif;odkYa&mufjcif;? ynwf ajyapjcif;iSg aemifw&í pdwfajymif;vJjcif;odkY a&mufMuavmh}}(w? 3;20)
w&m;atmufü ajzmifrh wfjcif;odYk a&mufjcif;? ynwfw&m;atmufü touf [k a[majymcJo h nf/ ewf0Zd mÆ twwform; &Srd ek t f m; ]]oifü ,ckq;kd npfaom
&Sijf cif;udk roGeo
f ifyg/ ,HMk unfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifrh wf&mokaYd &mufjcif; tay: trIukd aemifw&avmh/ oif\ pdwEf v S ;kH ü MupH nfjcif;tjypfukd vTwaf umif;
wrefawmfaygvku tcsKyftm;jzifh þodkYqdkxm;ygonf/ ]]xkdYaMumifh vlrnf vTwv f rd rhf nfjzpfí bk&m;ocifukd awmif;yefavmh}} [k trdeaYf y;cJo h nf (w?
onfum; ynwfw&m;\tusirhf &Sb d J ,HMk unfjcif;tm;jzifh igwkodY nf ajzmifh 8;22)/ aygvkonf tma&awmifay:ü w&m;a[maomtcg bk&m;ocifonf
rwf&modkY a&mufwwfonf[k ,l&\ (a&m?3;28)/ wzefaygvku þokdY rdu
k rf aJ om tcsed u f mvudk trIrxm;bl;aomfvnf;? ,ckrmS ud, k tf jypfukd jrifí
ar;cGe;f xkwx f m;onf/ ]]odjYk zpfvQif ,HMk unfjcif;jzifh igwko
dY nf ynwfw&m;udk aemifw&Muavmh[k cyfodrf;aom&yfwdkYü&Sdaom vltaygif;wdkYtm; ynwf
y,fMuoavm? tvQif;ry,f? omí wnfapMu\}}(a&m? 1;31)/ aygvku awmfr\ l / (w?17;30)/ {zufNrKd U&Sd tBu;D tuJrsm;tm; bk&m;ocifa&SUawmfü
rnfonfh taMumif;aMumifh ynwfw&m;udk wnfapygoenf;/ tjypfom;rsm; aemifw&jcif;w&m;ud¤k if;? igwkdY ocifa,½Iukd ,HMk unfjcif;w&m;ud¤k if;? Mo0g'
tm; tjypfojd rifxif&mS ;ap&eftwGuf ynwfw&m;udk oef&Y iS ;f aom 0dnmOf ay;cJo h nf (w?20;21)/ aygvkonf tN*yd rÜ if;a&SUawmfü a[mMum;aomtcg
awmf\ wefqmyvmtjzpf oifhavsmfpGm toHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh ,k'vlrsdK;rsm;ESifh wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm; a[majymaMumif; þodkY owday;
aygvku ]]w&m;awmfonf oef&Y iS ;f jcif;&S\ d / ynwfw&m;vnf; oef&Y iS ;f jcif;? cJoh nf/ ]]vlwo Ykd nf aemifw&&rnf/ aemifw&jcif;ESix hf u
kd w
f efaom tusiu hf kd
ajzmifhrwfjcif;? aumif;jrwfjcif;&Sd\}} (a&m? 7;12) [kqdkxm;ygonf/ usi&hf rnf/ bk&m;ociftxHoYdk ajymif;vJ&rnf}} (w?26;20)/ aemifw&jcif;
qdkonfrSm rdrdtjypf 'kp½dkufrS bk&m;ocifxHawmfokdY jyefvmjcif;jzpfonf/
tjypfom;onf rdrt
d jypfrsm;twGuf aemifw&&rnf/ rdrdvkyf&yfrSm;aMumif; odjrifvsuf0rf;enf;½Hkjzifh u,fwifjcif;ra&mufEdkif/
vlrsm;onf u,fwifjcif;okaYd &muf&eftwGuf rdr\ d tjypfrsm; twGuf bk&m;ocifxHjyefvmbdkY vdkonf/ vlonf rdrdBudK;pm;rIjzifh aemifwr&Edkif/
aemifw&&rnfjzpfaMumif; "r®opfusrf;ü &Sif;vif;pGm oGefoifxm;ygonf/ u,fwifjcif;ESifh,SOfaom aemifwpdwfwnf;[laom rajymif;vJEdkifaom
a,½Iü <uvm&jcif;onf uREyfk w f \Ydk tjypfxrJ S u,fwif&efr[kw?f uREyfk w f \
Ydk aemifwpdwu f kd bk&m;0dnmOfawmfaMumifh &&So d nf (2aum? 7;10)/
tjypfrS u,fEw I &f efjzpfonf/ a,½Iu ]]aemifw&Muavmh/ {0Ha*vdw&m;udk
,HMk unfMuavmh}} (rm? 1; 15) [k rdeq Yf ckd o hJ nf/ vltcsKd Uwku Yd ydvwfrif;onf
vltcsdKUwdkY\ taoG;udk rdrdwdkYylaZmfaom ,ZfaumifwkdYESifh a&maESmaMumif;
avQmufMuvQif a,½Iu ]]xd*k gvdvv J w
l o Ydk nf xdo k cYdk &H aomaMumifh tjcm;aom
*gvdvv J tl aygif;wdxYk ufomí tjypf&o dS nf[k xifMuoavm/ omí tjypf&dS
 7

ydkufuGefonftvGefcdkifcefYaumif;rGefaom ydkufuGefjzpfaMumif; ,HkMunfonf/

u,fwifjcif;okdYa&mufapaom ,HkMunfjcif; rD;owform;rsm;ukd Munfhjyefaomtcg olwkdYonf cGeftm;&Sdol? ½dk;om;í
SAVING FAITH wyg;tusKd ;udk o,fy;kd aqmif&u G o
f rl sm;jzpfaMumif; ol,MkH unfonf/ okaYd omf
xd,k MkH unfjcif;onf xdo
k u
l kd ru,fEikd af y/ oltouf&iS &f eftwGuf ydu
k u
f eG af y:
tjypfom;wpfOD;onf rdrdtjypfudk odjrifí rdrdtjypfudk aemifw& odkY ckefcsvdkufrSom olonf vGwfajrmufEdkifayrnf/ xdkenf;wl tjypfom;
aomtcg u,fwifjcif;odkY a&mufapaom ,HkMunfjcif;toifh&SdvmayNyD/ wpfOD;onf c&pfawmf\ aumif;jrwfaom t&mrsm;tay:,HkMunf½HkESifh
vlrsm;onf ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh u,fwifjcif;okdY a&mufaMumif;udk "r®opfusrf; rjynfhpHkEdkifyg/ c&pfawmftay: rdrdudk,fudk vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm;tyfESH&ayrnf/
wGif ud;k um;csurf sm;pGmjzifh azmfjyxm;ygonf/ uREyfk w f t Ydk m; u,fwifjcif;odYk
a&mufapaom ,HkMunfjcif;onf OD;aESmuftodjzifh ,HkMunfjcif;r[kwf? 3/ tjypfEiS q
hf ikd af omMo0g'
ESv;kH om;rS ,HMk unfjcif;jzpfaMumif;udk oef&Y iS ;f aom 0dnmOfawmfu &Si;f vif;pGm
azmfjyxm;ygonf/ u,fwifjcif;odaYk &mufapaom ,HMk unfjcif;onf b0touf aMumufrufb, G af umif;aom tjypftaMumif;udk c&pfawmfum;wdik f
wmwpfcv k ;kH \ yHok P²mefukd ajymif;vJaponfh ,HMk unfjcif;jzpfonf/ tjcm;aom ay:rS ]]tuREfkyfbk&m;? tuREkfyfbk&m;? tb,faMumifh tuREkfyfudk pGefYypf
,HMk unfjcif;onfu,fwifjcif;odYk ra&mufEikd af omaMumifh xd, k MkH unfjcif;onf awmfro l enf;}} [k a<u;aMumfjcif;jzifh azmfjycJyh gonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdr\ d
vnf; ydik ;f jcm;wwfaom,HMk unfjcif;jzpf&rnf/ xkaYd Mumifh tjypfom;onf a,½I om;awmfylyifaomu a&mufaomtcsdefwGif om;awmfudk pGefYypfygoavm/
c&pfrrd \
d ud, k pf m;vuf0g;uyfwidk af y:wGif taocHcahJ Mumif;? rdr\ d vkyaf qmif pGeyYf pfygonf/ tb,faMumifq h akd omf tzbk&m;onf uREyfk w f t Ydk wGuf c&pf
rIaMumifrh [kw?f c&pfawmfvyk af qmifcahJ om trIaMumifh bk&m;ocifonf rdru d kd awmfukd tjypf&adS ponf/ tjypfr&Sad om c&pfawmfukd tjypf&adS ponft h wGuf
tjypfvw G af Mumif; odem;vnf&ayrnf/ c&pf,mefwpfO;D jzpfvm&jcif;rSmvnf; uREkfyfwdkYonf xkdc&pfawmftm;jzifh bk&m;ocifa&SUawmfü ajzmifhrwfaomol
toufwmü c&pfawmfudk vufc&H &Sd aomaMumifjh zpfaMumif; em;vnf&ayrnf/ rsm;jzpfvmayonf (2aum?5;21)/ oef&Y iS ;f aom bk&m;onf tjypfukd vspv f sL
,HMk unfjcif;udk ½kypf ykH ef;csrD sm;jzifh o½kyaf zmfEikd yf gonf/ Oyrm? vlwpf ½Ií r&aeyg/ crnf;awmfb&k m;ocifonfom;awmfukd pGeyYf pf½o kH mru trsuf
OD;onf rD;avmifaeaom taqmuftOD\ wwd,txyfay:wGif ydwrf ad eyg awmfuv kd nf; om;awmftay:oufa&mufaponf/ a,½Ionf vuf0g;uyfwidk f
onf/ vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;udk rjrif&yg/ rD;vQrH sm;onf wajz;ajz;jrifw h ufvm ay:wGif 'Pfp&D ifjcif;udk tuket f pifay;qyfcyhJ gonf/ þenf;tm;jzifh oef&Y iS ;f
onfhtcg xdkolonf atmufokdY ikHYMunfhvdkufrdonf/ xdktcsdefwGif rD;owf aom bk&m;onf qd;k npfaom tjypfom;rsm;udk ajzmifrh wfjcif;odYk a&mufap
orm;rsm;a&mufvmNy;D ydu k u f eG w f pfcu k kd jzefx
Y m;aMumif; awGU&onf/ rD;owf onf (a&m? 3;26)/ c&pf,mefwpfO;D onf tjypfvyk af omaMumifh bk&m;ocif
orm;rsm;u xdkoltm; oiftouf&Sifvkdygu ydkufuGefay:odkY ckefcsvdkuf&ef aus;Zl;awmfcpH m;jcif;rS qk;H ½H;I Edik of nf[k tcsKd U,HMk unfMuonf/ xkaYd Mumifh ar;cGe;f
atmufrS atmf[pfajymqdMk uonf/ xdv k o l nf yduk u
f eG u f Mkd unfvh u kd af omtcg ESpfck ar;&ayrnf/
 8

yxrar;cGe;f &rnfjzpfonf/ c&pf,mefwpfO;D onf tjypfaMumifh u,fwifjcif;qH;k ½H;I onf[k

tjypfqo kd nfrmS tb,fenf;/ or®musr;f pmMo0g't&tjypfqo kd nf
rSm bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfESifhrnDjcif;jzpfonf/ usrf;pmazmfjyxm;csufESpf
ckawGU&onf/ ]]ynwfawmfukd vGeu f sL;jcif;}} (a&m?14;23)wkjYd zpfonf/ usr;f pm
u ]]udk,ftvdkokdYvdkufí jypfrSm;jcif;}} (a[NAJ? 10;26) ESifh ]]w&m;awmfudk
rodbJ xm0&bk&m;\ ynwfawmfukd vGeu f sL;jypfrmS ;jcif;}} (0wf?4;2) wkudY kd
cGJjcm;azmfjyxm;aomfvnf; tjypftvHk;pHktwGuf bk&m;ocif\tjypfay;jcif;
okdYr[kwf tjypftwGuf ay;qyfjcif;cH&Muayrnf/
*&dpum;ü tjypfqdkonfrSm &nf&G,fcsuf? ypfrSwfvGJjcif;? trSwf
tom;wpfckckudk rxdbJ vGJacsmfjcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifu pHkvifrI&Sd&rnf
[k rdefYMum;xm;ygonf/ þodkYqdku rnfolonf u,fwifjcif;odkYa&mufEdkif
rnfenf;/ rdrdvkyfaqmifrIBudK;pm;rIaMumifh rnfolrQu,fwifjcif;okdY ra&muf
Edkifay/ bk&m;ocifrdefYMum;aom pHkvifjcif;onf om;awmfa,½Ic&pfüom
awGUEdik yf gonf (a&m? 10;3? 4? zd? 3;4-9)/
,HMk unfMuaomolrsm;onf tjypftcudk vuf0g;uyfwidk af y: c&pfawmftNy;D
ay;qyfcJhaMumif;udk r,HkMunfMuay/
4/ jyefvnftopfjyKjyifaomMo0g'
(THE DOCTRINE OF RESTORATION )
jyefvnftopfjyKjyifaom Mo0g'onf bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywf
awmfwGif azmfjyxm;onfh BuD;rm;aomor®mw&m;jzpfonf/ ]]tdk;ajrjzifh
vkyfaomtdk;onf tdk;xdef;orm;vufü ysufpD;aomaMumifh olonf tvdk
tavsmuftopfjyKjyifí tjcm;aomtdk;udk vkyfjyefav\}} (a,&? 18;4)/
bk&m;ocifa&G;cs,fjcif;cH&aom wrefawmfrsm;ESifh tapcHaomolrsm;onf
tjypfaMumifh ysupf ;D aeaom td;k rsm;jzpfMuaomfvnf; td;k xde;f orm;vufjzifh
jyefvyk t
f ;kd rsm;jzpfaomaMumifh oef&Y iS ;f pifMu,fí ocif\ toH;k jyKp&m aumif;
aom wefqmrsm;jzpfvmonf (2wd?20;21)/

'kw,
d ar;cGe;f q&m\vuf&m
vlwpfO;D onf rqH;k ½I;H rSD tjypfukd rnfonft h wdik ;f twmtxd vkyEf ikd f
oenf;/ þar;cGef;udk ajzqdk&eftajzESpfrsdK;&Sdygonf/ ,HkMunfolwpfOD;onf avvHwifolwpfOD;ESifh temyvyG wa,mtdkwpfvkH;
tenf;i,faom tjypfvyk pf Of w'*Ftcsed w f iG yf if qH;k ½H;I jcif;odYk a&mufonf[k wa,mtdt k wGuf tcsed u f ek cf &H efox
l u
G f tusKd ;r&Sd
tcsdKUu ,HkMunfxm;onf/ þtcsufonf or®musrf;pm\ tmrcHay;csuf tjyKH ;yef;ESihf wa,mtduk kd aumufuikd v f ukd &f if;?
r[kwí f rjzpfEikd af om taetxm;wGi&f o dS nf/ c&pf,mefwpfO;D onf ESpaf ygif; þodYk tzd;k tdk >rufqv
kd ukd af y\/
(30)wdik af tmif bk&m;ocifukd ,HMk unfcNhJ y;D aemuf tjypfwpfcw k pfcu k kd jyKryd gu igavvHb,fo0Ykd if&r,f? b,foal vvHqyJG gr,f?
xdktjypfaMumifh aojcif;a&mufí i&JodkY usrnf[laom ,HkMunfjcif;onf wpfa':vm? wpfa':vm? ,ck ESpaf ':vm
or®musrf;pmESifhrudkufnD? obm0rusaom ,HkMunfjcif;jzpfonf/ oHk;a':vm b,folay;ygr,f?
tjcm;½IaxmifhrSmrl u,fwifjcif;a&mufNyD;olonf bk&m;ocifqHk; oHk;a':vmwpfBudrf? oHk;a':vmESpfBudrf? oHk;a':vmoHk;Budrf?
rjcif;cH&Ny;D aemuftjypfrvkyrf &d ef rdru
d ,
kd u
f kd aoonfwikd af tmif xde;f odr;f
 9

'gxufay;rnfholr&Sd? rdro d nf wDaumifEiS w hf al Mumif; rdru d , kd u

f kd odaomolukd bk&m;ocif
aemufqHk;cef;rS qHyifjzLaomvlwpfOD;? onf toGm;&daS om ,Eå&m;jzpfapEdik o f nf(a[&Sm? 41;14?15)/ uREyfk w f o Ydk nf
a&SUodw Yk ufvrS ;f / wa,mudk aumufcgudik ?f c&pfawmf\ oP²mefawmfESifhwlEdkifaom enf;vrf;rSm rdrd\ b0ifjrifhaom
wa,mtdrk S zHrk sm;udk olow k af y;? pdwu f kd NzKd csí ESrd chf saom oabm&Sjd cif;yifjzpfonf/ ayw½konf pdwjf yif;jyol?
wa,mBuKd ;rsm;udk oln§d rdrud ,kd u f t kd m;ud;k aomoljzpfonf/ ]]ud, k af wmf uREykf rf pGeyYf g/ ud, k af wmfEiS t hf wl
ol\wa,mxd;k oH? om,mNird ahf nmif; ao&aomfvnf; b,faomtcgrQ ud, k af wmfuu kd REykf rf jiif;y,fyg}} [k a,½Itm;
em;0ifcsdKvSygbd? aumif;uifwrefusL;{oHavm? olavQmufco hJ nf/ a*oa&SrefO,smOfü a&mrppfom;rsm;u a,½Iukd zrf;qD;bkYd
wa,moHqdwfNidrfavNyD? avvHwifolwa,mtdkESifh &efvmMuaomtcg ayw½konf xm;udu k ikd pf v JG suf rdrt d oufupkd eG í Yf wduk cf u kd f
wa,mxd;k wHukd aumufuikd &f if; &efBupH nfco hJ nf/ okaYd omfvnf;rMumrDo S ol nf a,½Ic&pfurkd odaMumif; t"dXmefjyKí
at;aq;n§ifompGm ajymqkdonfrSm used qf ckd ohJ nf/ ol\usq;kH rIukd ocifa,½IciG v hf w G cf o hJ nf/ tb,faMumifq h akd omf
b,faps;EIe;f ESihf wa,mtdu k kd avvHwif&rnfenf;/ ol\tm;enf;csuEf iS hf c&pfawmf\ tHMh obG,af omjynfph rkH u I kd jyefvnfojd rif&ef
a':vmwpfaxmif? a':vmESpfaxmif b,folay;rnfenf;? twGujf zpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf tjypfujkd zpfygG ;apaomol r[kwaf y/ odaYk omf
a':vmESpaf xmif? a':vmoH;k axmifb,foal y;rnfenf;? oH;k axmifwpfBurd ?f c&pf,mefwpfOD;tjypfjyKjcif;udk bk&m;ocifcGifhjyKxm;jcif;jzifh xdkolonf c&pfawmf
oHk;axmifESpfBudrf? oHk;axmifoHk;Budrf? tay:vHk;vHk; trDSjyKvmaponf/
twnfjyK&efolqHk;jzwfvdkufNyD? vk? 15;11-32 wGif azmfjyxm;onf aysmufaomom; txkyw Ü o då nf
vltrsm; 0rf;ajrmufMuonf tcsdKUatmf[pfMuonf/ or®musr;f pmü azmfjyxm;aom jyefvnftopfjyKjyifjcif;\ toifah vsmq
f ;kH aom
uREkfyfwdkYem;rvnfEdkifyg? tb,faMumifhwefbdk;jrifhwufvm&ygovJ? o½kyaf qmifcsujf zpfonf/ xdo
k m;onf a0;aomEdik if o
H aYkd &mufí aemufq;kH 0ufausmif;
avvHwifolajzqdkonfrSm ]q&m\vuf&maMumifhyif}/ aomb0ESifh0ufjcHwGifae&pOf 0ufpm;aomyJawmihfrsm;udk pm;csifrwwfiwfrGwf
tjypfaus;uRef b0rrSeo f l todOmPfrv hJ rl sm;wGi?f wa,mtdyk ykH rm avvHwif aomfvnf; olonf zcif\om;t&müyif &Sad eao;onf/ olonf zcifEiS ahf 0;
jim;vnf; aMu;r&Edkifyg/ olwkdYb0u trJjyKwfa&wpfyk*H? t&ufwpfcGuf? uGmcJíh olzY cifEiS hf rdwo f [m&zGUJ jcif; r&Sad omfvnf; olzY cif\om;t&müyif
taysmftyg; usifvnfvsufyif wpfBudrfrSESpfBudrfqufvufusifvnf? &Sad eonf/ rdrt
d vdo k v
kYd u
kd af omom;twGuf zcifonf ylaqG;aomumva&muf
ed*kef;csKyfrSm ysufpD;jcif;yif/ aomfvnf; cspjf cif;arwåmonf om;tay:rysuyf g(a&m? 8;38? 39)/ tb,f
q&mvmvnf; rdkufrJolrsm;? aMumifhqdkaomf olonf om;jzpfaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ olonf aemifw&í ol\
vH;k vH;k rod? rGejf rwf0n
d mOf? tajctaeudk odjrifvm aomtcg rdrrd mS ;cJah Mumif; 0efcv H monf/ þtcsuu f
ajymif;vJjcif;onf q&m\vuf&maywnf;/ ,HMk unfow
l pfO;D jzpfcv
hJ Qif (od)Yk om;jzpfcv
hJ Qif bk&m;ocifxaH wmfoYkd jyefvm
 10

vdrfhrnftaMumif;? rnfonfhpdwfBudKufvrf;udk avQmufcJhapumrl bk&m;&Sif ysujf ym;oGm;onf/ u,fwifjcif;rqH;k ½H;I Edik af omfvnf; u,fwifjcif;ESiq
hf ikd af om
xHawmfoYkd jyefvmMu&rnftaMumif; jynfph akH om Oyrmay;csuw
f pfcyk if jzpf 0rf;ajrmufjcif; qHk;½HI;oGm;ygonf(qm? 51;12)/ oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf
ayonf/ tu,fí bk&m;ocifq;kH rjcif;udck &H aomfvnf; bk&m;&Six
f H jyefírvm rxGuo f mG ;aomfvnf; 0dnmOfawmfwefc;kd qH;k ½H;I oGm;ygonf({? 4; 30)/
cJhaomf xdkolonf bk&m;ocif\om;ppfr[kwf? rif;OD;rif;vGif&aomom;yif
jzpfonf(a[? 12; 8)/ aysmufaomom; txkyÜwådonf vrf;rSm;vdkufaom zcif bk&m;ocif
c&pf,mefwpfO;D udk o½kyaf qmifxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ c&pf,mefwpfO;D onf vrf;rSm;odYk
jyefvnS o hf mG ;vQif xdo k o
l nf c&pf,mefjzpfonf[k rrSw, f El ikd [
f k tcsKd Uu qdMk u awmfpyfrI rdwfo[m,zGJUjcif;
onf/ a,&rdu vrf;rSm;odv Yk u
kd jf cif;taMumif; wpfq,fo;kH Burd f azmfjyxm;yg tjypfaMumifh rdwo f [m,zGUJ rI ysujf ym;Edik f
onf/ £oa&v vlrsKd ;udk vrf;rSm;okYd jyefomG ;aom EGm;rwef;ESihf EdiI ;f ,SOx f m; aomfvnf; rdrtd jypfukd az:jycefcsjcif;jzifh
aMumif; awGU&ygonf/ þazmfjycsuu f kd "r®opfusr;f wGif rawGU&aomfvnf; bk&m;ocifEiS jhf yefvnfrw
d o
f [m,zGUJ
bk&m;ocifESifh rdó[m,r&Sdaom vlwpfOD;\ tajctaeudkaumif;pGm Edik yf gonf/(1a,m? 1; 9)
ay:vGiaf p&efazmfjyaom pmom;jzpfonf/ c&pf,mefwikd ;f \ toufwmonf om; ,HkMunfol
a&SUodYk avQmufvrS ;f rnft h oufwm (od)Yk aemufoq Ykd w
k jf cif;toufwm&So d nf/
tv,ftvwftoufwmr&Sday/ c&pf,mefwpfOD;tjypfjyKrdaomfvnf; u,fwifjcif;rqHk;½HI;EdkifaMumif;
vrf;rSm;odjYk yefvnS jhf cif; (0g) tusiahf zmufjyefjcif;(Backslider) [laom or®musr;f pmü twdtvif;oGeo f ifxm;ygonf/ wrefawmfa,m[efu ol\
pum;onf a&SUodYk avQmufvrS ;f rnft h pm; aemufoYkd jyefqw k af om c&pf,mef Mo0g'yxrpmapmiftcef;Bu;D (1?2) ü þtaMumif;t&mudk aqG;aEG;azmfjy
wpfO;D twGuf taumif;qH;k aom a0g[m&jzpfonf/ tusiahf zmufjyefjcif;okYd xm;ygonf/ ]]cspo f m;wdYk oifwo Ydk nf 'kp½duk u
f kd rjyKapjcif;iSg þt&mrsm;udk
a&mufapNyD; twm;tqD;rJhaom BuD;av;onfhtjypf'kp½dkufxJodkY c&pf,mefwpfOD; oifwt Ydk m; iga&;íay;vdu k \f / wpfpw kH pfa,mufaomolonf 'kp½du k u
f kd jyKrd
taeESifh rusa&mufoifhay/ xdktjypfodkY OD;vSnfhoGm;aom tcsdefydkif;onf vQi.f ..}} xyfrí H oef&Y iS ;f aom0dnmOfawmfonf wrefawmfa,m[eftm;jzifh
tusifhazmufjyefjcif;tajctaeodkY a&mufaeayonf/ aemufydkif;u@ü rnforYkd ed aYf wmfryl goenf;/ vlwpfO;D onf tjypfaMumifh qH;k ½H;I jcif;rS wzefjyefí
tusifhazmufjyefjcif;taMumif;udk tao;pdwfazmfjyygrnf/ u,fEw I jf cif;cH&ygrnfavm/ odaYk omf oef&Y iS ;f aom0dnmOfawmfonf xdo k Ykd rdeYf
,H k M unf o l w pf O D ; tjypf ' k p ½d k u f u d k jyKrd v Qif tb,f o k d Y jzpf r nf e nf ; / Mum;jcif;r&Syd g/ xdo k q Ykd vkd Qif tb,forYkd ed MYf um;xm;ygoenf;/ ]]wpfpw kH pfa,muf
wpfpw kH pfcjk zpfEikd yf goavm/ trsm;tm;jzifh jzpfEikd yf gonf/ t&m&mwkid ;f qH;k ½H;I aomolonf 'kp½du k u f jkd yKrvd Qif ajzmifrh wfawmfral om t&Siaf ,½Ic&pfwnf;[l
Edik yf goavm/ trsm;tm;jzifh qH;k ½H;I Edik yf gonf/ ,HMk unfow l pfO;D tjypfjyKrad om aom igwkt Yd rIaqmifocifonf crnf;awmfxüH &Sad wmfr\ l }}(1a,m? 2 ; 1)/
tcg bk&m;om;tjzpfrS qH;k ½H;I jcif;r&Sad omfvnf; bk&m;ocifEiS rhf w d o
f [m,zGUJ rI c&pfawmfü&Sad om ,HMk unforl sm;onf 'kp½du k u
f jkd yKaMumif; a,m[ef
 11

u &Si;f vif;pGmazmfjyxm;ygonf/ ]]ud, k t f jypfr&S[ d k igwkoYd nfqv kd Qif ud, k uf dk rvkr,lapESi}hf } (aum?2 ; 18) /
ud, k v f n
S jhf zm;Mu\/ igwküYd opömw&m;r&S}d } (1a,m?1;8)/ ]] 'kp½du k rf jyKNyD [k þae&mü rSm;,Gi;f aomq&mwdüYk vrf;rSm;a&mufí qkv'fq;kH ½H;I &jcif;
igwko Yd nfqv kd Qif bk&m;ocifukd rkomtjypfwifMu\/ EIwu f ywfawmfvnf; tEå&m,fukd aumavmoJNrKd U&Sd ,HMk unforl sm;tm; aygvkowday;jcif;jzpfonf/
igwdüYk r&S}d } (1a,m? 1; 10)/ ]]c&pfawmf\ w&m;udrk vdu k ?f vltqufqufcaH om enf;Oya'oESihf avmuD
,HMk unfoo l nf bk&m;ocifEiS rhf nfuo hJ Ykd jyefí rdó[m,jyKEikd rf nf w&m;Ekuv kd u
dk íf avmuDynmESihf tcsn;f ES;D aom y&d,m,ftm;jzifh oifwu Ykd kd
enf;/ bk&m;ocifxt H jypfukd 0efcjH cif;jzifo
h m bk&m;ocifEiS rhf ó d [m, jyK tb,forl Q rvk,rl zsuq f ;D apjcif;iSg owdjyKMuavmh}}(aum? 2;8)/ EIwu f ywf
Edik rf nf/ ]] ud, k t
f jypfuakd bmfjyawmif;yefvQif igwkt Yd jypfrsm;udk vTwí f 'kp½du k f awmfü tjrpfrpG?J tajcrcdik af om c&pf,mefrsm;onf rSm;,Gi;f aom *dP k ;f *e
&So d rQEiS hf uif;pifapjcif;iSg bk&m;ocifonf opömw&m;ESi¤hf if;? ajzmifrh wfjcif; wd\Yk vGrJ mS ;pGm oGeo f ifrw
I aYkd Mumifh vrf;rSm;odYk a&mufomG ;wwfMuonf/ rSm;,Gi;f
w&m;ESi¤hf if; jynfph akH wmfr\ l }} (1a,m?1;9)/ þusr;f yd'k o f nf bk&m;ocifxo H Ydk aomoGeo f ifjcif;ü tcsed jf zKe;f aeaom c&pf,mefbmom0ifwpfO;D onf tvGef
jyefvnf csOf;uyfzdkY&ef ta&;BuD;aom usrf;ydk'fjzpfayonf/ tEå&m,frsm;aom ajray:odYk ajcvSr;f aejcif; jzpfonf/ uREyfk w f u Ykd ,fwifjcif;
odkYa&mufjcif;onf a,½Ic&pfwnf;[laom wdkufjrpftay:wnfaqmufjcif;
5/ qkv'fEiS q
hf ikd af om Mo0g' aMumifjh zpfonf/ uREyfk w f qYkd v k 'frsm;&jcif;rSm a,½Ic&pfwnf;[laom wku d jf rpf
c&pf,mefrsm;pGmwdo Yk nf u,fwifjcif;ESiq hf v
k 'fukd &Si;f vif;pGm rcGjJ cm; tay:rSm a&T?aiG? ausmufaumif;rsm;jzifh wnfaqmufxm;onfhtwGuf
wwfí ½Iyaf xG;jcif;rsm;jzpfay:&ayonf/ u,fwifjcif;onf bk&m;ocif ay; jzpfonf(1aum? 3;11-15)/
xm;aom tcrJq h ak us;Zl;jzpfonf(a,m? 3;16? 4;10/ a[&Sm? 55;1? a&m?5;15- u,fwifjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf c&pfawmfvkyfaqmifcsuftay:
21? 6;23? {?2;8-10? Asm?22;17)/ qkv'frmS rl ,HMk unforl sm; opöm&Spd mG vkyf rlwnfaeouJo h Ykd qkv'fonfvnf; c&pfawmftwGuf uREyfk w f \Ykd vkyaf qmif
aqmifonfhtwGuf ay;aomt&mjzpfonf(r? 10;42? 1aum? 3;11-15? aomt&mrsm;tay: rlwnfaeygonf/
1aum? 9;24? 15? vk?19;17)/ u,fwifjcif;onf ,ckcpH m;onfh t&mjzpfonf ]]aoonfhwdkifatmif opömapmifhavmh?odkYjzpfvQif toufo&zludk
(a,m? 5;24? 6;47? 2wd?1;9? 1a,m?5;11)/ qkv'frSmrl tem*wfumvü igay;rnf}} (Asm?2;10)/ txufygusrf;ydk'fü uREkfyfwdkYonf u,fwifjcif;udk
cHpm;&rnft h &mjzpfonf(róJ? 16;27? vk?14;14? r?25;19? 2wd? 4; 8? Asm? arQmv f ifah evQif aoonfwikd af tmif opömapmif&h rnfukd azmfjyxm;ayonf/
22; 12)/ bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh ,HMk unfoo l nf aoonfwikd af tmif opöm
u,fwifjcif;onf rqH;k &H;I Edik (f a,m?27;29)/ qkv'frmS rl qH;k ½H;I Edik o
f nf/ apmif&h efvykd gonf/ ppfreS af om,HMk unfojl zpfvQif aoonfwidk af tmif opöm
]] OD;acgif;awmfukd trSrD jyK? Zmwdyuwdpw d \
f pdwEf vS ;kH tcsn;f ES;D axmifvmT ; apmifrh nfjzpfonf/ odaYk omf þusr;f yd'k o f nf u,fwifjcif;taMumif;? azmfjy
vsu?f rdrrd odrjrifaomt&mudk pl;prf;vsu?f pdwEf rdS chf sjcif;ESi¤hf if;? aumif;uif xm;jcif;r[kwf? qkv'ftaMumif;azmfjyxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ opöm&SdpGm trI
wrefudk udk;uG,fjcif;ü¤if;? arGYavsmfaomolwpfpHkwpfa,mufrQ oifwkdYqkudk aqmifolonf qkv'fcsD;jr§ifhjcif;udkcH&ayrnf/
 12

pdwq
f E´&v
dS mjcif;jzifh rdro
d nf bk&m;om;jzpfaMumif;odEikd rf nf/
6/ aumif;Bu;D r*FvmESijhf ynfph aHk omtmrcH (Blessed Assurance) ]]xdo k cifukd ud, k w f ikd o
f ud Rr;f onfukd tb,foo Ykd &d oenf;[lru l m;?
tmrcHjcif;Mo0g'onf xm0&vHjk cKH pw d cf srI Mo0g'ESihf tvGeyf ifquf ynwfawmfwu Ykd akd pmifah vQmufvQif od&ownf;/ xdo k cifukd igod\[k ynwf
EG,frI&Sdaomfvnf; vHk;vHk;uGJjym;ygonf/ tcsdKUaomvlrsm;onf c&pf,mef awmfurkd apmifb h v J suf rkomudo k ;kH aomoljzpfí xko d ül opömr&S?d xdo k cif\
ppfreS Mf uaomfvnf; aumif;Bu;D r*FvmESihf jynfph akH om tmrcHjcif;ESihf xm0& pum;udek m;axmifaomolrnfonfum; bk&m;ocif\cspjf cif;arwåmESihf igwdYk
vHkjcHKpdwfcsrIudk r,HkMunfMuay/ rsufarSmufumvwGif u,fwifjcif;pdwfcsrI onf xdkocifü&SdaMumif;udk xdkokdYaomtm;jzifh od&\}} (1a,m? 2; 3-5)/
&xm;ol c&pf,mefrsm;pGmwdkYonf ¤if;wdkYaoqHk;oGm;ygu aumif;uifbHkodkY þusr;f yd'k rf sm;u arma&S\ ynwfcsuu f v
kd u
kd ef mjcif;jzifh u,fwifjcif;a&muf
csujf cif;a&mufrnf[k ,HMk unfMuaomfvnf; touf&iS af epOf tjypfjyKryd gu rnf[k oGeo f ifaejcif;r[kwyf g/ bk&m;ocif\ynwfawmfrsm;udk vdu k af vQmuf
tjypfüvJí u,fwifjcif;qHk;½HI;rnf[kvnf; ,HkMunfMuonf/ u,fwifjcif; &efajymqdkjcif;jzpfygonf/ ocifa,½IrdefYMum;awmfrlonfum; ]]oifwkdYonf
pdwcf sru I kd ,HMk unfaomfvnf; xm0&vHjk cKH ru I rkd l r,HMk unfMuay/ olwo Ydk nf tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufudkwpfa,mufcspfMuavmh/ igonf oifwdkYudkcspfonf
c&pfawmfüwnfaeí? bk&m;ocifESifhrdó[m,jyKaeoí pdwfcsrI&onf[k enf;wl tcsi;f csi;f cspMf uavmh[k ynwfopfuikd gay;\/ oifwo Ydk nf tcsi;f csi;f
,HMk unfMuonf/ cspMf uvQif vltaygif;wko Yd nf xdak rwåmudak xmufí oifwo Ykd nf ig\ wynfh
xm0&pdwcf srt I aMumif; or®musr;f pmoGeo f ifxm;jcif;udk tcsKd Uc&pf jzpfMuonfudk od&Muvdrfhrnf}}(a,m? 13;34-35)[k jzpfonf/ ]tdktb
,mefrsm;,HkMunfMuaomfvnf; rdrdonf bk&m;om;jzpfonf[laom aumif; ud,
k af wmf\tvdak wmfukd aqmif&ef uREyfk 0f rf;ajrmufyg\/ ud, k af wmf\ ynwf
Bu;D r*FvmESihf jynfph akH om tmrcHcsurf &Sad y/ uREyfk wf oYkd nf bk&m;ocif\om; awmfonf uREyfk \ f ESv;kH xJoiG ;f xm;yg\} [k a,½I>rufqckd o hJ nf/ bk&m;ocif
jzpfaMumif;udk od&Sd&efxif&Sm;aomtcsuf (12)csuf&Sdygonf/ \tvdak wmfukd uREyfk w f 0Ykd rf;ajrmufpmG aqmif&u G &f myifjzpfonf/ t&m&mwdik ;f ü
(1) c&pf,mef wpfO;D onf c&pfawmfü topfaomowå0gjzpfonf/(2aum? 5; 17) pdwfoabmjzifh bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfudk aqmif&Guf&ef jzpfayonf/
vlwpfO;D onf u,fwifjcif;a&muf&o dS nft
h cg pHv k ifrrI &Sad o;yg/ odaYk omf 3/ c&pf,mefwpfO;D onf aysmufq;kH aomvlrsm;aeaom urÇmavmuBuD;udck spf
ol\toufwmü xif&Sm;aomajymif;vJrI&Sdvm&ayrnf/ npfnL;aomt&m? aomfvnf; þavmu\ pDrzH UGJ pnf;yHk(world system)udk rcspf? rESpo
f ufay/
raumif;aomtusizhf ,f&mS ;í aumif;aomtusiv hf u©Pmrsm; tpm;xd;k vm ]]ajrBuD;ay:rSm&Sdaomt&mwdkYudk pGJvrf;aompdwfr&SdMuESifh/ txuf
&ayrnf/ oifonf c&pf,mefwpfO;D tjzpf0efcx H m;aomfvnf; oif\touf t&mwdu Yk okd m pdwpf v JG rf;jcif;&SMd uavmh}}(aum? 3;2)/ ]]avmuud¤k if;? avmuü
wmü ajymif;vJaomtoufwmr&&Sad o;ygu rdro d nf usr;f pmu owfrw S af om &Sad omt&mwdu Yk ¤kd if; rcspMf uESi?hf avmuudck spaf omolrnfonfum; crnf;awmfukd
,HMk unfjcif;ü wnfrwnf rdrud ,kd u
f kd ppfaq;&ayrnf(2aum? 13; 5)/ cspaf omarwåmr&S?d avmuü&So d rQaomt&mwnf;[laom ud, k uf m, wyfruf
2/ uREkyf w
f o
Ykd nf bk&m;ocif\tvdt
k wdik ;f touf&iS v
f akd om topfaom jcif; rsupf w d yfrufjcif;? avmuDpnf;pdrüf 0g<um;jcif;wdo Yk nf crnf;awmfEiS hf
 13

rpyfqdkif? avmuESifhompyfqdkifMu\/ avmuESifhavmuDwyfrufjcif;onf c&pf,mefwikd ;f onf &Hzef&cH g tjypfjyKrw d wfonf/ rdru d , kd u f kd tjypf
a&GUoGm;uG,faysmufwwfMu\/ bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfESifhtnD usifhaom rjyKrdyg[k qdkolrsm;onfvnf; rdrdwdkYajzmifhrwfpGmusifhMuHjcif;? tm;udk;jcif;
olrul m; edpx
ö m0&wnf\ (1a,m?2;15-17)/ þusr;f yd'k rf sm;u uREykf w f o Ykd nf jzifh tjypfjyKwwfMuonf/ bk&m;ocifu jynfh0pHkvifjcif;udk tvdk&Sdonf/
avmuudck spv f Qif crnf;awmf\arwåmawmf uREyfk w f üYkd r&Sad Mumif; &Si;f vif; odkYaomf xdkjynfh0pHkvifjcif;udk c&pfawmfüomawGU&ayrnf/ bk&m;ocifu
pGmazmfjyxm;jcif; jzpfayonf/ avmuqdkonfrSm udk,fum, wyfrufjcif;? ajzmifrh wfjcif;udk tvd&k &dS m uREyfk w f o Ykd nf c&pfawmf\pHv k ifaom ajzmifrh wf
rsupf w
d yfrufjcif;? avmuDpnf;pdr0f g<um;jcif;wdYk jzpfaMumif; azmfjyxm;ygonf/ jcif;ESihf 0wfqifjcif;udk cH&ayonf/ þt&monf uREyfk w f &Ykd &Sad om u,fwif
c&pf,mefwpfOD;taeESifh avmut&mrsm;udk cspfjcif;xuf bk&m;ocif\ jcif;\ oGifjyifvu©Pmwpf&yfjzpfonf/ vufawGUu@ürl uREkfyfwdkYonf
t&mrsm;udk cspfzdkYvdkygonf/ aus;Zl;awmft&mü Bu;D xGm;&efEiS hf bk&m;ocifukd aMumuf&UG jH cif;&Sv d suf pHv k if
oefY&Sif;jcif;toufwmudk avQmufvSrf;&efjzpfonf/
4/ c&pf,mefwpfO;D ü tjypfw&m;\ tjypfEiS phf v
kH ifjcif;taMumif;udk ydik ;f jcm;
wpfpw Hk pfa,mufaomolonf c&pf,mef[q k x dk m;aomfvnf; 'kp½ku d üf
odjrifEikd af om topfaom todOmPf&v
dS mayrnf/
qufvufusiv f nfaevQif xko d o l nf 'kw, d arG;zGm;jcif;r&ao;aMumif; xif&mS ;
]]ud,k af wmfüwnfaeaom olrnfonfum; 'kp½du k uf rkd jyKwwf/ 'kp½du k f
pGmodjrifEkdifayonf/ þt&mukd 0ufESihfokd;tm;jzihf o½kyfazmfxm;ygonf/
udjk yKwwfaomolrnfonfum; ud, k af wmfukd rodrjrif&ao;? cspo f m;wkYd oifwdYk
0ufonf tjypfom;uko d ½kyaf qmifNy;D ok;d rSmc&pf,mefwpfO;D ukd o½kyf
udk tb,forl QrvSnjhf zm;apESi/hf tMuifoo l nf ajzmifrh wfjcif;w&m;udk usi\ hf /
aqmifonf/ 0ufonf npfnL;aomt&mESifh ½GUEH u HG Bdk uKd uEf pS o
f ufonf/ 0uf
ud, k af wmfajzmifrh wfawmfro l nfenf;wl xdo k o l nfajzmifrh wfjcif;&S\ d / rm&fewf
onf npfnL;aomowå0gjzpfí npfnL;aomt&mrsm;ukEd pS o f ufonf/ olonf
onf a&S;OD;pGmrSpí 'kp½du k uf jkd yKaomoljzpfaomaMumifh tMuifoo l nf 'kp½du k f
&GUH EGx
H rJ mS vl;vSrd afh ejcif;onf rqef;vSay/ 0ufobm0yifjzpfonf/ ok;d rSmrl
udjk yKaomojl zpf\/ xdo k o l nf rm&fewfEiS q f ikd \
f / rm&fewftrIwu Ydk kd y,fjzwfjcif;
oefU&Si;f aomwd&pämefjzpfonf/ ok;d onf &GUH EGx H rJ awmfwqacsmu f saomfvnf;
iSg bk&m;ocif\om;awmfonf xif&mS ;ay:xGe;f awmfr\ l / bk&m; ocifjzpfymG ;
olonf xk&d UG EH x HG rJ mS raeyg/ olUuk, d rf aS yaeaom&GUrH sm; ajcmufomG ;ygu olonf
apawmfrlaomolrnfonfum; 'kp½dkufudkrjyKwwf/ taMumif;rlum; xdkolü
wkdifwpfckck (okdU) NcHpnf;½kd;a'gihfpGef;wpfckckjzihf xkd&GUHajcmufrsm;ukd yGwfcs
rsKd ;aphawmfwnfvsu&f \ dS / xdo k ol nf bk&m;ocif jzpfymG ;awmf rlaomoljzpf
ayvdrhfrnf/
aomaMumifh 'kp½dkufudkrjyKEdkif}}(1a,m? 3; 6-9)/
xked nf;wl tjypfom;onf 'kp½ku d uf jdk rwfE;dk onf/ 'kp½ku d üf usiv f nf
uREfkyfwdkYaumif;uifEdkifiHawmfodkYra&mufESifhrD pHkvifjynfh0&rnf[k
avh&NdS y;D 'kp½ku d üf aysmaf rGUjcif;udk ESpo f ufcpH m;vko d nf? c&pf,mefwpfO;D taeESifh
txufygusrf;ydk'frsm;u roGefoifxm;yg/ tjypfuif;aom toufwmü
tjypf'pk ½ku d o f Udk trSww f rJh usa&mufomG ;aomf olonftjypfurdk aysmyf u dk ?f rESpf
&S&d rnf[k roGeo f ifxm;yg/ uREykf w f oYkd nf pHv k ifjynf0h aernfqv kd Qif vlwpf
oufEidk af y/ pdwrf aumif;&Sad yrnf/ rdrrd mS ;onfh tjypfukd bk&m;&Six f H 0efcjH cif;
a,mufrQu,fEw I jf cif;cH&efrvdak wmhay/ ]]ud, k t f jypfr&S[d k igwko Yd nf qdv k Qif
rjyKoí pdwEf v S ;kH Nird o
f ufjcif;&Srd nfr[kw/f xdaYk Mumifh c&pf,mef wpfO;D tjypf
ud, k uf u
kd ,kd vf nS jhf zm;Mu\/ igwküYd opömw&m;r&S?d }} (1a,m? 1; 8)/
 14

vkyrf yd gu u,fwifjcif;ESi, hf OS af om 0rf;ajrmufjcif; qH;k ½H;I oGm;ygonf/ 'g0d'rf if; (6) uREkfyfwdkYonf c&pfawmfESifhqdkifaMumif; oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfu
Bu;D onf Amoa&SAESihf rSm;,Gi;f aomtcg aemifw&í >rufqo kd nfrmS u,fwif odapygonf/
awmfrjl cif;ESihf ,SOaf om 0rf;ajrmufjcif;tcGiu hf kd jyefí ay;oem;awmfryl g[k ]]igwkt Yd m; ay;awmfral om 0dnmOfawmfukd igwdo Yk nf trSjD yKí bk&m;
qmvHusrf;wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/ ocifonf igwkdYü wnfawmfrlonfudk od&Mu\}} (1a,m? 3;24)/ ]]bk&m;
þusrf;ydk'frsm;t& uREkfyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\ om;rsm;jzpfMuí ocifonf 0dnmOfawmf\ aus;Zl;udk igwdt Yk m;ay;awmfral omaMumifh igwdüYk
'kp½dkufjyKvdkaom tavhtusifhr&SdaMumif; od&ayonf/ bk&m;ocifwnfonfudk¤if; od&Mu\]] (1a,m? 4;13)/ ]]bk&m;ocif\
(5) uREfkyfwdkYonf c&pf,mefrsm;jzpfMuvQif tcsif;csif;udk cspfMuvdrfhrnf/ om;awmfu, kd MkH unfaomolonf rdrt d xJüxdo k ufaoud&k \}} (1a,m? 5;10)/
]]igwdo
Yk nf nDtpfuckd si;f wdu Yk kd cspaf omaMumifh aojcif;rStouf&iS jf cif; ]]igwkoYd nf bk&m;ocif\ om;jzpfMuonf[k 0dnmOfawmfonf igwk\ Yd 0dnmOf
odYk ;l ajymif;onfukd ud,
k of &d Mu\/ rdrn d t
D pfuu kd kd rcspaf omolonf aojcif;ü ESifhtwl oufaocHawmfrl\}} (a&m? 8;16)/ u,fwifjcif;a&mufNyD;olwdkif;
wnf\}} (1a,m? 3;14)/ uREyfk w f o Ykd nf bk&mom;[kwrf [kwu f kd usr;f yd'k u
f 0dnmOfawmfu&kd &SNd y;D olrsm;jzpfMuonf/ ]]c&pfawmf\0dnmOfurkd &aomolru l m;
wdus&Sif;vif;pGm oufaoxlvsuf&Sdonf/ ,ckuREkfyfwdkYtcsuf oHk;csufudk c&pfawmfEiS rhf qdik f (a&m? 8;9)/ c&pf,mefwpfO;D onf c&pfawmfukd ,HMk unf
avhvmoHk;oyf½IjrifMurnf/ aomtcg rdr\ d pdwcf pH m;rItay:wGif &yfwnf&ef r[kwyf g/ EIwu f ywfawmf
tay: ,HMk unfjcif;onf u,fwifjcif;\ tajctjrpfjzpfonf/ pdw\ f cHpm;rI
yxrtcsuf/ ]nDtpfurkd sm;} qdo k nfrmS oD;jcm;wnf&adS eMuaom tzGUJ tpnf;
tay: &yfwnfrnfqykd gu uREyfk w f \Ykd ,HMk unfryI sujf ym;oGm;Edik yf gonf/ xdYk
*dP
k ;f *ersm;omru c&pf,meftm;vH;k udk qdv k jkd cif;jzpfygonf/ Mo0g'ydik ;f qdik &f m
aMumifh ajymif;vJjcif;&NyD;olwdkYtoufwmü rdrd\pdwfcHpm;rItay: tajccH
rwlncD surf sm;&So
d nfjzpfap? tcsKd Uaom oD;jcm;taMumif; t&mrsm;ü uREykf w f Ykd
aom ,HMk unfjcif;rjzpfapbJ? rajymif;vJEikd af om bk&m;EIwu f ywfawmfor®m
uJoh Ykd or®mw&m;tvif;udk r&Edik [ f k uREyfk wf x Ykd ifjrifonfjzpfap? xdck &pf,mef
w&m;tay: tajccH&rnfjzpfaMumif; tpOfowdjyKtyfayonf/
rsm;udk uRefawmfwdkYcspf&ayrnf/
ao'PfpD&ifjcif;cH&aom &mZ0wfom;wpfa,mufonf vGwfNidrf;
'kwd,tcsuf/ uREykf w f o f u,fopömESichf sp&f Murnf/ or®musr;f pmü
Ykd nf trSew csr;f omcGi&hf aomtcg xdo k o
l nf ao'Pfp&D ifjcif;rS vGwNf y[ D al om todEiS hf
nDtpfuckd si;f cspaf ,mifraqmifbJ trSecf sp&f ef? [efaqmifru I if;pGm csp&f ef aysmf&Gifjcif;udk pdwfxJü cHpm;&ouJhodkY tjypfom;wpfOD;onf c&pfawmf\
azmfjyxm;ygonf/ cspjf cif;arwåm\ t"dymÜ ,fziG q hf ckd suu
f kd 1aum? 13 wGif vkyfaqmifcsufudk tjynfht0oabmaygufí ,HkMunfonfhtcg xdkolonf
avhvmzwf½I&ygonf/ Nidrfoufaysmf&TifrI&&Sdvmayonf/ bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfu uREfkyfwdkY
wwd,tcsuf/ uREykf w f cYkd spaf om nDtpfurdk sm;ESihf rdó[m&zGUJ &rnf/ uREyfk f toufwmudk tkyfpdk;vmonfhtcg uREfkyfwdkY\ toufwmü 0dnmOfawmf\
wko
Yd nf rdrn
d t
D pfurkd sm;udk cspv f Qif bk&m;0wfjyKausmif;rsm;? tdraf xmif rdwf toD;tyGifh(tusdK;aus;Zl;)rsm; cHpm;&Muayrnf/ 0dnmOfawmf\ oufaocH
o[m&rsm;ü xdkolwdkYESifh pka0;jcif;? rdwfo[m,zGJUjcif;rsm;udk jyKvkyf&rnf/ jcif;udk uREfkfyfwdkY&&Sdjcif;onf aumif;ayonf/ odkYaomf uREkfyfwdkYonf pdwf
 15

cHpm;csufjzifhr[kwf? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh u,fwifjcif;odkY a&mufaMumif; (7) bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfqHk;ryJhjyifawmfrljcif;jzifh uREkfyfwdkYu,fwifjcif;

ESpfvHk;oGif;&ayvdrfhrnf/ a&mufaMumif; odjrifEdkifygonf/
,HMk unfow l pfO;D u atmufygtwdik ;f azmfjyxm;ygonf/ ]]bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfq;kH ryJjh yifawmfro l rQaom olwo Ykd nf bk&m;
rD;vQHESifh pdwfcHpm;csufonf twuftus&Sd\/ ocif\om;jzpfMu\}} (a&m? 8;14) c&pf,mefwpfO;D onf oef&Y iS ;f aom0dnmOf
odkYaomf oif\u,fwif&Sifonf rajymif;vJEdkif/ awmf\ qH;k ryJjh yifru I kd tjr0J efrcHaomfvnf; ol\vkyaf qmifjyKrrl I 0dnmOfawmf
odjrifEdkif&eftwGuf c&pfawmfü enf;em,lyg/ \qH;k ryJjh yifjcif;wnf;[laom 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ud&k &So d nf/ uREyfk w f oYkd nf 0dnmOfawmf
oif\qE´onf oif\cHpm;csuftwdkif;omjzpfayonf/ \ qH;k ryJjh yifru I kd vufcv H Qif oef&Y iS ;f aom 0dnmOfawmfonf uREyfk w f t
Ykd ouf
,aeYxdyif c&pfawmfonf oif\u,fwif&Sifaywnf;/ wmü ta&;ygaom qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ay:wGif nTefMum;yJhjyifay;onfomru
uREkfyfwdkYonf u,fwifjcif;odkYa&mufNyD[laom cHpm;rIonf thHbG,f uREkfyfwdkYtm; puúefYrdepfydkif;rSpí vrf;jyapmifhr&eftvdkawmf&Sdonf/
aom t&mjzpfygonf/ xdck pH m;csuaf ysmufu, G o f mG ;aomtcg uREyfk wf oYkd nf bk&m;ocif0n d mOfawmf\ tHb h ,
G af omqH;k ryJjh yifro
I nf uREyfk w f t
Ykd m;
tjypfjyKrdonfhtcg uREkfyfwdkYonf oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfudk 0rf;enf; bk&m;ocifEiS phf yfqikd Mf uolrsm;jzpfaMumif;taxmuftxm;w&yfyif jzpfayonf/
apojzifh u,fwifjcif;\ toD;tyGifhjzpfaom 0rf;ajrmufjcif;qHk;&IH;&onf/
uREfkyfwkdYonf c&pfawmfudk aphaphMunfh&I&rnftpm; rdrdtawGUtMuHKudkom (8) uREyfk wf o
Ykd nf u,fwifjcif;odaYk &mufaomtcg bk&m;ocif\ EIwu f ywf
Munfhjcif; (odkY) rdrdudk,fudkMunfhjcif;omjyKrnfqdkvQif uREfkyfwdkY\ u,fwif awmfukd cspjf rwfE;kd aom pdw&f v dS mayonf/
jcif;tay:vG,fvG,fESifh oHo,pdwf0ifrdrnfjzpfygonf/ ]]u,fwifjcif;tvdik gS EIwu f ywfw&m;\ EdpYk pftm;jzifh Bu;D yGm;rnf taMumif;
xdaYk Mumifh atmufygo½kyaf zmfjycsuu f Mkd unfMh uygpd/Yk taMumif;t&m oGm;paom oli,fuo hJ Ykd xdw k &m;udk tvGev f ckd siaf om pdw&f MdS uavmh}} (1ay?
(Fact)? ,HMk unfjcif; (Faith)? tawGUtMuKH (Experience) oH;k rsKd ;udk o½kya f zmf 2; 3)/
jy&rnfqv kd Qif eH&x
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vl(taMumif;t&m)onf vrf;avQmufaomtcg rSerf eS af vQmuf&ef? b,fnm ayrnf/ use;f rmaeolwpfO;D jzpfonfqykd gu omreftpmudq k miwfjcif;&SrdS nf/
rMunfh? aemufodkYvSnfhrMunfhbJavQmuf&efvdkonf/ xdkolaemufrS 'kwd,vl ud,k cf E¨mvlonf um,tpmudk awmifw h ouJo h Ykd 0dnmOfvo
l nf 0dnmOf tpmudk
(,HMk unfjcif;)onf avQmuf&onf/ olonf yxrvl(taMumif;t&m)udk aphaph awmifhwonf/ 0dnmOftpmrSm bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfyifjzpfonf/
Munfv
h suaf vQmufygrl rvdru
hf sEikd af y/ odaYk omf rMumrSD aemufq;kH rSavQmufvmol ocifa,½Iu vlonf rket Yf m;jzifoh m toufukd arG;&rnfr[kw/f bk&m;ocif
(tawGt Y MuKH )tay: rnfo&Ykd rdS nf[k odvíkd vSnMhf unfrh rd nfqykd gvQif b,fnm rdefYawmfrlorQjzifh toufudk arG;&rnf[k rdefYawmfrlcJhygonf/
ud,
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f av;rnDjzpfumeH&x H yd af y:rSm atmufoYkd vdru
fh somG ;ayvdrrhf nf/ odjYk zpf c&pf,mefwpfOD;jzpfaMumif; 0efcHxm;aomfjim;vnf; bk&m;ocif\
í uREyfk w
f KYkd onf c&pfawmfEiS hf rdó[m,zGUJ &mü c&pfawmfuo kd m aphaphMunf½h I EIwu f ywfawmfukd qmiwfjcif;r&Scd v hJ Qif xdo
k ol nf 0dnmOfyikd ;f qdik &f m aoaeol
Mu&ef vdak yonf/
 16

(od)Yk 0dnmOfyikd ;f qdik &f m zsm;emolwpfcck jk zpfaeayrnf/ ppfreS af om c&pf,mef ü igwdEYk iS hf a[majymí usr;f pmteufukd zGijhf yawmfral omtcg igwkpYd w d Ef vS ;kH
wpfOD;onf rdrd\ 0dnmOftpmjzpfaom EIwfuywfawmfudk cspfjrwfEdk;aom onf ,dzk w d rf wwfjzpfonfr[kwaf vm[k tcsi;f csi;f ajymqkMd u\/
pdwf&Sd&ayrnf/ csprf wd af qG- oef&Y iS ;f aom 0dnmOfawmfonf a,½Ic&pf\ taMumif;
t&mrsm;udk oift h m;azmfjyaomtcg oif\ pdwEf v S ;kH onf rMumcP ,dzk w
d vf k
(9) uREfkyfwdkYonf u,fwifjcif;odkY a&mufaomtcg or®musrf;pmtm;jzifh rwwfjzpfygovm;/
topfaomtodtjrif&&Sdrnf/
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wdu Yk o
kd jd rifjcif;tvdik gS bk&m;ocifxrH S <uvmaom 0dnmOfuckd &H MuNy}D } (1aum? rnf/
2;12)/ ]]xdo k o Ykd ifwo Ydk nfom;jzpfaomaMumifh tAtb[kac:wwfaom om;
c&pf,mefwpfO;D onf or®musr;f pmwGif ygorQaom taMumif;t&mrsm; awmf\ 0dnmOfawmfuo kd ifw\ dYk pdwEf v
S ;kH xJoYkd bk&m;ocifapvTwaf wmfr\ l }}/
odem;vnfvdrfhrnf[krqdkvdkyg/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf or®musrf;pmonf rajymif;vJao;olrsm;onf qkawmif;yXemrsm;udk &Gwfqdkonf/ ,Hk
uefYowfí r&aom bk&m;ocifay;xm;nfhuefYowfí r&aom pmtkyfjzpf Munfolrsm;rSmrl 0dnmOfawmfü qkawmif;onf/ rajymif;vJao;aomolwdkY\
aomaMumifh tuefYtowf&Sdvsuf rpHkvifaom uREfkyfwdkY\OmPfESifh tvHk; qkawmif;jcif;onf tusdK;&vdkí anmifa&avmif;qdkouJhokdY oefY&Sif;aom
pHkudk oabmraygufEdkifyg/ or®musrf;üygonfhtaMumif;t&monf rsm;jym; bk&m;xHrS tusdK;aus;Zl;udk arQmfudk;í qkawmif;jcif;jzpfonf/ þavmuü
aomaMumifh rnfolrQ rdrd\b0toufwmwpfavQmuftvHk;pHkudk uRrf;usif qdk;npfaomoltcsdKUwkdYonf npOfnwdkif;qkawmif;yXmem&GwfqdkMuonf/
pGm em;vnfEdkifrnfr[kwfay/ 'kwd,arG;zGm;jcif;cHNyD;olwdkif;onf oefY&Sif; rajymif;vJao;aomw&m;a[mq&mrsm;onf olwpfyg;ta&SUü pum;vHk;vS
aom0dnmOfawmf\ oGeo f ifruI kd cH,&l ayonf/ oef&Y iS ;f aom0dnmOfawmfonf vSwjYdk zifh zGUJ EGUJ um emaysmb f ,G af umif;atmif qkawmif;wwfMuonf/ bk&m;om;
c&pfawmf\ taMumif;t&mrsm;udk xdkoltm;azmfjy&efESpfoufayonf/ rlum; tbESio hf m;uJo h Ykd bk&m;ocifEiS hf &if;ES;D pGm qufo, G af jymqdyk gonf/
uREykf w f o
Ykd nf u,fwifjcif;odrYk a&mufrDS or®musr;f udak vhvmaomtcg
tjcm;pmtkyfrsm;udkavhvmouJhodkY rdrd\todOmPfESifh avhvmcJhMuonf/ (11)/ uReaf wmfwo Ykd nf u,fwifjcif;odaYk &mufaomtcg aysmufaomolrsm;
odaYk omf 0dnmOfawmf\vkyaf qmifru I kd &aom,HMk unfow l pfO;D onf or®musr;f udk cspfwwfaom opfvGifonfh cspfjcif;arwåm&Sdvmayvdrfhrnf/
udak vhvmaomtcg 0dnmOfawmf\zGijhfytvif;ay;rItay: vH;k vH;k vsm;vsm; tm;ud;k ]] taMumif;rlum; wpfa,mufaomolonf vltaygif;wdkYtwGuf
tm;xm;jyK&ayonf/ 0dnmOfawmf\ oGeo f ifru
I &kd vQif wpfcsed t
f "dymÜ ,frodaom aMumifh taocHonfreS v f Qif vltaygif;wko Yd nf aovsuaf eMuonf[í
l ¤if;?
oifcef;pm? pmyd'k rf sm;ESio hf r®mw&m;onfvnf; rD;uJo h Ykd awmufavmifvmygonf/ ... igwko Yd nf oabmxm;vsuf c&pfawmf\ cspjf cif;arwåmawmfonf igwduYk kd
þtawGUtMuKH onf {armufoYkd oGm;&mvrf;ay:ü ocifa,½IEiS t hf wl avQmuf tEdik t
f xufaoG;aqmif\}} (2aum? 5; 14-15)/
oGm;Muaom wynfah wmfEpS Of ;D wdEYk iS hf wlaeayonf/ xdw k ynfah wmfu vrf;c&D;
 17

ocifa,½IavmuodkY <uvm&jcif;onf aysmufqHk;aom vludk&Smí &S&d efrvdak wmhyg/ bk&m;ocifoifu h kd ay;xm;aom tqift h wef;udk wdik ;f wm
u,fwif&efjzpfonf/ ocifa,½Ionf *gvdvt J ikd ef m;wGif avQmufaomtcg oHk;oyfjcif;jzifh oifonf u,fwifjcif;odkYa&mufra&mufwduswdkif;wmEdkifay
Muifemaom ESv;kH jzifh aysmufq;kH aomolrsm;ud&k mS í u,fwifouJo h Ykd xdo
k cif Ny/D ]]oifwo dYk nf ,HMk unfjcif;ü wnfoavm/ rwnfoavm[k ud, k u f ukd ,
kd f
onf uREyfk w f t
Ydk xJ pdwEf vS ;kH wGif ude;f 0yfawmfrv l Qif uREyfk wf v
Ykd nf; xdok cif ppfaMumMuavmh/ udk,fudkudk,fpkHprf;Muavmh/ tppfrcHEdkifaomolrrSefvQif
uJo
h Ykd MuifemaomESv;kH jzifh aysmufq;kH aomolrsm;udk ,ckyif u,fwif&ayrnf/ a,½Ic&pfonf oifwüYdk wnfawmfro l nf[k ud, k t f aMumif;udk ud,k rf odMu
a,½Ic&pfonf uREyfk w f u
Ydk kd w??yHpk w
H nf;aomenf;vrf;ESihf toH;k rjyK oavm}} (2aum? 13;5)/
yg/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf rdrdESpfoufonfh oif\ 0dnmOfxm0&umvtusKd ;twGuf avmif;upm;uJo h Ykd rSw, f l
twdkif; c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mü tyfESHxm;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ odkYjzpfí ygvQif tEå&m,frsm;aom pGefYpm;rIwpf&yfudkjyouJhokdYjzpfrnf/ tusdK;&Sd
c&pfawmfudk ,HkMunfolwdkif;onf urÇmh{0Ha*vdvkyfief;trIawmfjrwfBuD;ü avQmufvSrf;&rnfh aumif;uifEdkifiHawmfESifh a&SmifMuOf&rnfh i&JtaMumif;
u@toD;oD;yg0ifMu&ayrnf/ udk or®musr;f wGif xif&mS ;pGm oGeo f ifxm;ygonf/ oift h oufwmrnfuo hJ Ykd
&Sif&rnfxuf xm0&toufudk &,ljcif;onf oifhtwGuf &v'fjzpfonf/
(12)/ uREyfk w f o
Ykd nf bk&m;ocif\ qH;k ryJjh yifjcif;cH&aomaMumifh uREyfk w f Ydk ]]EIwu f ywfawmfü touf&\ dS / xdt k oufonfvnf; vlw\ Ydk tvif;jzpf\}}
onf c&pf,mefjzpfaMumif;od&onf/ (a,m? 1;4)/ ]]igrlum; ok;d wko dY nf toufvw G ½f rkH Qru txl;ojzifh touf
xm0&bk&m;onf cspfawmfrlaomoludk qHk;rawmfrlwwf\/ vufcH ESifhjynfhpHkapjcif;iSg vmownf;}} (a,m? 10;10)/
awmfrlorQaom om;wkdYudk 'Pfcwfawmfrlwwf\/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyf
wkuYd kd qHK;ronfot h wGuf uREyfk w
f o
Ykd nf xdo k cifEiS hf pyfqikd of rl sm;jzpfaMumif; 7/ oef&Y iS ;f apjcif;\ Mo0g'(THE DOCTRINE OF SANCTIFICATION)
od&onf/ vlwpfO;D onf c&pf,meftjzpfc, H Nl y;D tjypf'pk ½duk wf iG f qufvuf
usiv f nfum ol\qd;k npfaomvrf;ü aysmaf rGUaeygu xdo k ol nf c&pf,mef xm0&vHkjcHKpdwfcsrIMo0g'onf oefY&Sif;apjcif;Mo0g'ESifh eD;pyfpGm
r[kwfaMumif; xif&Sm;aeygonf/ tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf bk&m;ocifonf qufo, G vf su&f o
dS nf/ EIwu
f ywfawmfü tjcm;aom Mo0g'rsm;&So d uJo h Ydk þ
rdrdcspfaomolvufcHorQaom om;wkdYudk qHk;ryJhjyifí 'Pfcwfawmfrlonf taMumif;t&mESihf ywfoufívnf; &Iyaf xG;rIrsm;&Syd gonf/ tb,faMumifq h kd
[k qdkxm;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ om;orD;wdkif;onf bk&m; aomf þMo0g'udk oifhavsmfpGm toHk;csazmfjyjcif;r&SdaomaMumifh jzpfonf/
ocif\ qH;k rjcif;udk cH&onf[k uREyfk w f o
Ydk rd wS Ef ikd o
f nf/ tcsKd Uqdv
k Qif olw\ Ydk toif;awmfrsm;ü wd;k wd;k wdwwf w
d yf ifrajym&JMuay/ þ
cspfrdwfaqG- txufazmfjyygusrf;pmydk'frsm;\ tvif;xJü bk&m; Mo0g'onf aumif;jrwfaom EIwfuywfawmfjzpfaomaMumifh aMumuf&GUH&ef
ocifESifhtwl rnfonfhu@uae &yfwnfyg0ifvsuf&Sdaeygoenf;/ bk&m; rvdkyg/
ocifonf oifudku,fwifNyD;jzpfaMumif; oifodEdkifayNyD/ uRefawmfonf u,fwifjcif;a&mufbYkd 'kw,d tMurd f aumif;Mu;D r*Fvmudck pH m;&efEiS hf
u,fwifjcif;a&mufbdkY arQmfvifhygonf(odkY) xifygonf[laom oHo,pdwf arG;&mygADZtjypfukd y,fzsu&f rnf[k tcsKd Uu oGeo f ifMuonf/ olw\ Ydk tjrif
 18

rSeaf Mumif;udv k nf; usr;f yd'k rf sm;ESihf axmufjyMuonf/ oef&Y iS ;f apjcif;qdo k nfrmS ra&mufrSD vlwpfOD;onf jynfhpHkaom oefY&Sif;jcif;&SdrnfqdkvQif uRefawmfwkYd
oD;jcm;aejcif;jzpfí ,HkMunfolwdkif;onf c&pfawmfü jynfh0pHkvifrI&Sdonf[k odorQaom vlrsm;txJrS rnfolonf aumif;uifEdkifiHodkY a&mufrnfenf;/
tcsdKUaomolrsml;u oGefoifMuonf/ okjYd zpfí rdr\
d ajzmifrh wfjcif;tay: &yfwnfNy;D avQmufvrS ;f jcif;rsKd ;rjyKr&d ef
or®musrf;pmudk avhvmaomtcg oefY&Sif;apjcif;taMumif;ESpfrsdK; owdjyKoifhygonf/ tjypfuif;aom pHkvifrI? arG;&myg tjypfADZudk tjrpfrS
awGU&onf/ taetxm; (positional) ESihf ud, k af wGUrsujf rif (experimental)[lí y,fzsurf üI ,HMk unfaomolrsm;onf tjypfjyKryd gu qH;k ½I;H jcif;odYk usqif;um
jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYu,fwifjcif;odkY a&mufaomwcPcsif;wGif uREkfyfwkdYonf uifwifjcif;ygqHk;½IH;oGm;onf[k ,HkMunfaejcif;onf rqef;vSyg/
c&pfawmfü pHkvifvsuf&Sdonf/ om;awmfü pHkvifrI&Sdojzifh bk&m;ocifonf AwdåZHr*FvmcH,ljcif;onf u,fwifjcif;\ ta&;ygaomt&mjzpf
uREyfk w
f \ Ydk tjypfukd b,faomtcgrQ rjrifawmhyg/ xdo k cifru
l m; bk&m;ocif onf[í l ¤if; vltcsKd Uwk, Yd MkH unfaeMujcif;onf qef;us,o f nft h &mr[kwyf g/
pD&ifawmfro l nft
h wdik ;f igwküdY oef&Y iS ;f jcif;jzpfawmfr\ l (1aum? 1;30)/ uRef xdkolwkYdonf qHk;&HI;oGm;onfh u,fwifjcif;udkjyefvnf&&Sd&ef wzefwvJvJ
awmfwo Ydk nf rdr\ d ajzmifrh wfjcif;t0wfEiS hf rdru d ,kd u
f kd vGr;f jcKH rxm;awmhbJ AwådZHr*Fvmudk cH,lusifhoHk;aernfomjzpfayonf/
c&pfawmf\jynfph akH omajzmifrh wfjcif;ESihf 0wfqifxm;jcif;cH&vsu&f adS eayonf/ uReaf wmfw\ Ykd u,fwifjcif;onf um;ta&mif;ud, k pf m;vS,v f yk if ef;
c&pfawmfü uREyfk w
f \ Ydk pHv
k ifaom taetxm;tay:0rf;ajrmufjcif; ESifhwlayonf/ þudk,fpm;vS,fvkyfief;ü tpdwftydkif;ESpfrsdK;cGJjcm;xm;onf/
onf tHb h ,
G af umif;aomfvnf; xdt k aexm;ü &yfwnfí raeoifyh g/ xdt k ae yxrtydik ;f rSm topfaomum;rsm;udk wnfcif;jyoxm;onft h cef;jzpfí tjcm;
txm;ü &yfwnfaeygu uReaf wmfwt Ydk oufwmonf &eHaY rT;rnfh toufwm tydik ;f rSmrlum; trsKd ;rsKd ;udjk yKjyifaomtcef;jzpfygonf/ um;jyKjyifaomtcef;ü
jzpfrnft h pm; &eHqY ;kd aom toufwmjzpfomG ;ayonf/ or®musr;f pmu uREyfk f jyKjyif&efvakd omum;rsm;udk xm;&So d nf/ uREyfk w
f w
dYk pfaeYaumif; uifEikd if aH wmf
wkoYd nf vufawGUtoufwmoef&Y iS ;f jcif;&&ef oGeo f ifxm;ygonf/ uReaf wmf odaYk &mufonft h cg uReaf wmfwo dYk nf tvSjycef;wGif jyoxm;aomum;opfrsm;
wdo Yk nf bk&m;ocifoef&Y iS ;f awmfro l nfenf;wl oef&Y iS ;f jcif; oef&Y iS ;f jcif;&S&d ef ESihf wlaeayrnf(a&m? 8;19? {?2;7)/ okaYd omf ,ckuREyfk w f oYdk nfum;jyKjyifaom
vdak yonf(1ay? 1;15-16)/ a&mrMo0g'pm tcef;Bu;D (6-8)onf oef&Y iS ;f jcif; tcef;wGi&f adS eMuaomum;rsm;ESihf wlaeao;ygonf/ uREyfk w f o Ydk nf c&pfawmf
ESihf ywfoufonfh t"duusaom usr;f yd'k rf sm;jzpfonf/ uREyfk w f o
Ykd nf c&pf tm;jzifh atmifjrifjcif;toufwmavQmufvrS ;f Edik &f ef uREyfk w f t dYk oufwm u@
awmf\ Bu;D &ifjh cif;yrmPtwdik ;f Bu;D yGm;jcif;&S&d ef vdak yonf({? 4;13)/ bk&m; wkdif;udk bk&m;ocifjyKvkyfpDrHxm;aomfjim;vnf; uREkfyfwdkYonf tpOftjrJ
ocifukd aMumuf&UG í H oef&Y iS ;f jcif;yg&rDEiS hf jynfph b
kH &Ydk efvakd yonf(2aum? 7;1)/ jyKjyif&ef vkdaeao;ayonf/
uREkfyfwkdYcHpm;&aom u,fwifjcif;aus;Zl;onf uRefawmfwkdY\ jyKrlrI ]]bk&m;ocifonf a&SUrqGu odawmfrlaomolwkdYudk om;awmf\
tajctaetay:rlwnfjcif;aejcif;r&Sdyg/ c&pfawmfü uRefawmfwdkY\ jynfhpHk yHo
k P²mefEiS hf wnDwnf;jzpfapjcif;iSg a&SUrqGu cGcJ efrY w S of m;awmfr\ l }} (a&m?
aom taetxm;tay:omrlwnfvsuf&Sdayonf/ tu,fí u,fwifjcif; 8;29)/ þvkyaf qmifjcif;onf uREyfk w f \Ydk c&pf,meftoufwm wpfavQmuf
vHk;twGufjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf tjypf'kp&dkufukdjyKrdygu u,fwifjcif;
 19

qHk;½HI;í aMumufrufbG,faomtusOf;tMuyfESifh awGUEdkifygOD;rnfavm/ jyef oifwu Ydk akd jymqdak om Mo0g'pum;arhavsmMh uoavm/ oifwo Ydk nf qH;k rawmf
vnfpOf;pm;Munfyh gu tvGeyf ifEckH smaom toufwmyifr[kwyf gvm;/ tjypf rljcif;udkcHvQif om;wkdYjyKouJhodkY? bk&m;ocifonf oifwkdYudkjyKawmfrl\/
aMumifh u,fwifjcif;qH;k ½H;I &rnfqykd gu uReaf wmfwo
Ydk nf u,fwifjcif;a&muf taMumif;rlum; tbrqHk;raomom; wpfpHkwpfa,muf&Sdoavm/ om;t
&S&d ef tNrw
J ap ra&&m? raocsmaomtajctaerSm &Sad eayvdrrhf nf/ ra&&m aygif;wko Yd nf cHwwfaom qH;k rjcif;udk oifwo Ydk nf rcHbaJ evQi?f om;t&if;
aomtajctaerSm &yfwnfaeaom vlwpfOD;taeESifh bk&m;ocifay;aom r[kwf? rif;OD;rif;vGif&aomom;jzpf\/}}
0rf;ajrmufjcif;udk rnfuJhodkYodjrifEdkifygrnfenf;/ (a[NA?J 12; 6-8)
xm0&vHjk cKH pw d cf srMI o0g'ESihf pyfvsO;f í uREyfk wf aYdk vhvmod&MdS uonfh
8/ qH;k ryJjh yifjcif;\Mo0g' (THE DOCTRINE OF CHASTENING) twdik ;f uReaf wmfwo dYk nf bk&m;om;jzpfaMumif; odEikd o f nfh tjcm;tcsuw f pf
csufrSm uREkfyfwkdYudk bk&m;ocifqHk;ryJhjyifjcif;jzpfonf/ vlwpfOD;onf c&pf
qH;k ryJjh yifjcif;Mo0g'onf xm0&vHjk cKH pw d cf srMI o0g'twGuf vHjk cKH aom ,meftjzpf 0efcNH y;D tjypfxüJ usiv f nfaomfvnf; bk&m;ocif\qH;k ryJjh yifjcif;
tqdo k zG,jf zpfonf/ rnfuo hJ Ykd rdrt
d ouf&iS of nfqo kd nfth csuu f kd vspvf sL½I rcH&vQif xdkolonf ppfrSefaom bk&m;om;r[kwfaMumif; odom xif&Sm;
um c&pfawmfukd ,HMk unfjcif;jzifh u,fwifjcif;odaYk &mufonf[al om oGeo f ifrI ayonf/ tb,faMumifq h akd omf ]]bk&m;ocifcspaf wmfral omolukd qH;k rawmf
onf tvGeyf if tEå&m,frsm;aom Mo0g'jzpfygonf/ or®musr;f pmü þuJo h Ykd rlwwf\/ vufcHawmfrlorQaomom;wkdYudk 'Pfcwfawmfrlwwf\}} [k qdk
oGefoifxm;jcif; r&Sdyg/ xm;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/
vlwpfO;D onf u,fwifjcif;odYk a&mufNy;D onft h cg olonf c&pfawmf xm0&vHkjcHKpdwfrIMo0g'ESifhywfoufí taMumif;t&m (12)rsdK;udk
ü topfaom owå0gjzpfvmonf/ c&pfawmfü topfaomtoufwmopfukd rwifjyrSD avhvmEdkif&eftwGuf tajccHenf;(5)enf;udk ,ckazmfjyygrnf/
&&Sdojzifh olonf tjypfudkrvkyfvdkawmhay/ ol\twGif;pdwfqE´onfvnf;
bk&m;ocifESpfoufonfht&mudk jyKrlcsifaom qE´pdwf&Sdvmayonf/ xdkol tajccHenf; (5)enf; (FIVE BASIC PRINCIPLES)
onf rarQmfvifhbJ tjypf'kp&dkufjyKrdygu bk&m;ocifxH0efcsawmif;yefjcif; 1/ yxrenf;rSm or®musr;f pm\ ajymqdck suu f kd &Si;f vif;pGm od&efjzpfygonf/
jzifh bk&m;ocifEiS hf jyefvnfró d [m,zGEYJ ikd yf gonf/ xdo k ol nf rdrt d jypfudk or®musr;f onf bk&m;ocif\ EIwu f ywfawmftvH;k pHjk zpfonfukd uReaf wmfwYdk
0efc&H efjiif;qdyk gu bk&m;ocif\ qH;k ryJjh yifru I kd trSecf &H ayrnf/ bk&m;om; avhvm&mü rSefuefaomenf;ESifh rSm;,Gif;aomenf;[lí ESpfrsdK;&Sdonf/ rSef
ppfrSefolonf tjypfüusifvnfygu qHk;rjcif;cH&rnftaMumif; usrf;pmu uefaomenf;[lonfrSm or®musrf;pmudk ½dk;om;aompdwfESvHk;? 0dnmOfawmf
þodkYqdkxm;ayonf/ zGijhf yoGeo
f ifru I kd tNrv J ufcv
H akd ompdwEf iS hf cH,jl cif;jzpfonf/ rSm;,Gi;f aom
]]xm0&bk&m;onf cspaf wmfral omolukd qH;k rawmfrw l wf\/ vufcH enf;rSm ud, k yf ikd Mf o0g'udt
k wnfjyK&eftwGuf usr;f csut f axmuftxm;rsm;
awmfro l rQaom om;wku Yd kd 'Pfcwfawmfrw l wf\[k oli,fwu Ydk kd qdok uJoh ?Ydk jzifh rDSjirf;oufaojyvsuf avhvmjcif;jzpfygonf/
 20

2/ 'kw, d enf;vrf;rSm - uReEf yfk w

f o
Ydk nf or®musr;f pm\ zGiq hf ckd suu f kd vl\ ,HMk unfomG ;cJo h nf/ þuJo h yYkd if Ncrd ;f ajcmufc&H aomtoif;awmftcsKd Uüvnf;
qifjcifww kH &m;jzifh twnfjyKír&Edik jf cif;jzpfonf/ vl\qifjcifww kH &m;xuf awGUEdkifayonf/ or®musrf;pm\zGifhqdkcsufudk vl\tawGUtMuHKjzihf twnf
EdIif;qr& jrifhrm;vSaom bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfonf t"dujzpfygonf/ rjyKEdkif&jcif;taMumif; tcsuf(2)csuf &Sdygonf/
vlwpfOD;onf rdrd&oifh&xdkufaomt&mudk &oifhonf[k xifjrifjcif;onf yxrtcsut f aeESihf c&pf,mefwpfO;D tjzpfc, H al e&mrS tjypfüusqif;
vl\ oabmobm0yifjzpfonf/ i&Jusxdkufaomoltm; aumif;uifodkY ydkY oGm;cJholwkdYonf trSefyif 'kwd,arG;zGm;jcif;cHNyD;cJhol[kwfr[kwf uREkfyfwkdY
aqmifay;jcif;onf aus;Zl;awmfyifjzpfonf/ vuf0g;uyfwidk af wmftm;jzif¤h if;? rodEikd yf g/ 'kw,d tcsut f aeESihf 'kw, d arG;zGm;jcif;cHNy;D oltjzpfxifrw S cf &H Ny;D
½Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;tm;jzifh¤if;? yifawukawåaeYü0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh¤if; tjypfü jyefvnfusifvnfolwdkYaoqHk;oGm;ygu i&JokdYa&mufoGm;onf[k
bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfonf vltrsm;tay:ü tcrJo h eG ;f avmif;cJah yonf/ oufaorjyEdkifjcif;jzpfonf/
3/ wwd,enf;vrf;rSm- or®musr;f pm\ zGiq hf ckd suu
f kd vl\tawGUtMuKH ay: 4/ pwkweå nf;vrf;
tajccHí twnfrjyKEikd jf cif;jzpfonf/ tcsKd Uvlrsm; rMumcP ajymavh&o dS nf/ or®musrf;pmü wpfckESifh wpfckqefYusifbufjzpfaomzGifhqdkcsufrsm;
w&m;a[mq&mwpfO;D onf oif;axmufwpfO;D \ ZeD;udk cd;k ,laygif;oif;onf r&SdaMumif; or®musrf;pm\zGifhqdkcsufonf uGJvGJrIr&Sd? rSefuefaMumif;udk
udk uReaf wmfoyd gonf/ xdaYk Mumifh xm0&vHjk cKH pw d cf srMI o0g'udk b,faomtcg uRefawmfwkdY twnfjyK&ayrnf/ uRefawmfrSm bk&m;ocifudk MunfndKaom
rQ vufc&H efrjzpfEikd yf g[kajymMuonf/ odjYk zpfí xm0&vHjk cKH pw d cf srMI o0g'onf rdwfaqGtcsdKU&Sdygonf/ olwdkYu xm0&vHkjcHKpdwfcsrI&Sdjcif;ESifh xm0&vHkjcHKrI
rSefuefrQr&SdaMumif; xdktawGUtMuHKjzifh oufaoxlMuonf/ r&Sjd cif;[lí ESprf sKd ;pvH;k udk or®musr;f pmu oGeo f ifxm;ygonf[k uReaf wmf
tcsdKUuvnf; þodkYajymMujyefonf/ toufBuD;aom c&pf,mef tm; ajymjyygonf/ or®musr;f pmü uGv J rJG rI sm;&So
d nf[k oifc, H rl nfqykd gu
olawmfpifwpfOD;udk uRefawmfodygonf/ olonf 'kwd,arG;zGm;jcif;cHNyD;ol þpmtkyfyg tjcm;taMumif;t&mrsm;udk zwf½Iavhvm&eftaMumif;r&Sdyg/
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cJhonfrSm ESpftawmfMumcJhaomfvnf; toufBuD;&ifhvmonfhtcg tjypf &nfneT ;f vsuf or®musr;f onf bk&m;ocif\ EIwu f ywfawmfr[kw[ f k qdMk u
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ajymMuonf/ Munfaomolonf bk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmfazmfjyxm;aom xm0&vHkjcHK
MoZmtmPm&Sdolrsm;aMumifh c&pf,meftodkif;t0dkif;wpfckvHk;onf pdwfcsrIMo0g'udk r,HkMunfEdkifaMumif; xif&Sm;vsuf&Sdonf/
c&pf,mef,HkMunfrIrS tjcm;bmom0ifwpfckodkY ul;ajymif;jcif;rsdK;vnf; awGU 5/ yOörenf;vrf;
&onf/ Oyrm- tdEd´,jynfawmifydkif;&Sd&Gmwpf&Gmonf c&pf,mefbmomukd uRefawmfwkdYonf trnfcHc&pf,meftaMumif;udk ajymqdkjcif;r[kwf
ouf0if,MkH unfNy;D rS zdEydS cf &H rIaMumifh r[mar'ifbmomokYd w&GmvH;k ul;ajymif; bJ bk&m;ocif\ taMumif;udk t"duajymqdak eaMumif; twnfjyK&efvt dk yf
 21

ygonf/ xdv k o
l nf c&pfawmfü topfjyKjyifaom owå0gjzpfonf/ c&pf,mef om;OD;jzpfawmfrrl nftaMumif; bk&m;ocifonf a&SUrqGuodawmfral om olwYdk
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u,fwifjcif;taMumif;udk em;rvnfMuacs/ axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaom olwkdY awmfrl\/ xdkokdYcGJcefYrSwfom;aomolwkdYudk ac:awmfrl\/ ac:awmfrlaom
onf c&pf,mefbmomudk ud;k uG,Mf uonfqakd omfvnf; c&pfawmfurkd odbJ olwu Ydk v kd nf; ajzmifrh wf&mü wnfapawmfr\ l / xdo k Ykd cGcJ efY rSwof m;aomolwu Ydk kd
ud;k uG,Mf uonf/ ac:awmfr\ l / ac:awmfral omolwu Ydk v
kd nf; ajzmifrh wf&mü wnfapawmfr\ l /
xdok w Ykd nfapawmfral omolwu Ydk v
kd nf; cs;D ajrm§ ufawmfr\ l }} (a&m? 8;28-30)/
,HkMunfol\ xm0&vHkjcHKpdwfcsrIudk ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh 0dnmOfawmfoGefoifjcif;cH&aom ,HkMunfolrsm;onf EIwf>rufqdk
oufqdkifaomtaMumif; t&m(12)csuf rwwfaom0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESifh &Tifvef;0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESifh &Tifvef;0rf;ajrmuf
Muonf/ ajymif;vJjcif;r&aomolrsm;onf þoGefoifcsufudk vufrcHjiif;
1/ bk&m;ocif\ jrifjh rwfaom tMut H pnfawmf
qdMk uonf/ BuKd wifMu&H , G pf w
d jf zifh pdwEf v S ;kH ysuu f , G Mf uaom ,HMk unforl sm;
vlwpfa,muf\vGwfvyfaom usifh0wfukd uRefawmfwkdYtodtrSwf
onf rdrw d , Ydk MkH unfawG;ac:rIEiS hf tH0if*iG u f sjzpf&ef EIwu f ywfawmfukd vd&k m
jyKMuaomfvnf; bk&m;ocif\jrifhjrwfaom tBuHtpnfonf tpOfwnfjrJ
qGJwwfMuonf/ a&m? 8;29-30 wGif tcsuf (5)csufudk qifjcifMuygrnf/
jcif; &Sad e&rnf/ uReaf wmfwo Ydk nf urÇmrwnfr&Srd DS c&pfawmfü a&G;aumuf
¤if;wkdYrSm-
cH&onf ({?1;4)/ uREyfk w f o
Ydk nf a,½Ic&pftm;jzifh om;t&mud&k rnft aMumif;
(1) a&SUrqGuodjrifjcif;?
tvdak wmf&adS om apwemtwkid ;f a&SUrqGu cGcJ efrY w S o f m;awmfr\ l ({? 1; 6)/
(2) a&SUrqGu cGJcefYrSwfom;awmfrljcif;?
bk&m;ocifapwem\ tvdak wmfov Ykd u
dk íf tvH;k pHw k uYdk kd pD&ifjyKjyifawmfrwl wf
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tnD uREykf w f oYkd nf c&pfawmftm;jzifh tarGcjH zpfMu\ ({?1; 11)/
(5) csD;ajr§mufawmfrljcif; wkdYjzpfygonf/
bk&m;ocif\ u,fwifjcif;ESiyhf wfoufí bk&m;tydik ;f ESihf vlt Y ydik ;f
,HMk unforl sm;onf bk&m;ocif\ BuKd wifojd rifjcif;cH&olrsm; jzpfonf/
&Sad Mumif; uREykf w f v
Ykd ufc&H ayrnf/ vlt Y ydik ;f wGif tjypfom;onf aemifw&í
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k jd rifjcif;cH&olrsm;udk bk&m;ocifonf a&SUrqGu cGcJ efrY w S o
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l nf/
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xdkokdYcGJcefYrSwfom;olwkdYtm; ac:awmfrlonf/ þae&mü bk&m;ocifonf
vlonf crnf;awmf? om;awmf? oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfü yg0ifaygif;pnf;
vlwidk ;f udk ac:ygoavm[k ar;p&m&So d nf/ u,fwifjcif;udk vlwikd ;f twGuf
aeNyDjzpfí þqufoG,frIonf aysmufjyufEdkifjcif;r&SdEdkif/
bk&m;jyifqifcahJ omfvnf; vlwikd ;f onf bk&m;ocifac:jcif; (a&G;aumufjcif;)
]]bk&m;ocifudk cspfaomolwnf;[laom MuHpnfawmfrljcif;twdkif;
rcH&Muyg/ tu,fí txufygtwkid ;f bk&m;ocifonf vlwikd ;f udk ac:onf[k
ac:awmfral omolw\ Ydk tusKd ;udk cyford ;f aomt&mwdo Yk nf wnDwnGww f nf;
xifrw S yf grl vlwidk ;f u,fwifjcif; a&mufMuayrnf/ usr;f pmudk tvGrJ ,lap
jyKpMk uonfukd igwko dY Md u\/ bk&m;ocif\ om;awmfonf trsm;aom olww Ykd iG f
 22

vdyk g/ owdjyK&efrmS rdru d ,

kd u
f kd c&pf,meftjzpf cH,ol ?l toif;awmfwpfcck ük ocif\ vkyaf qmifcsujf zpfonf/ bk&m;twGuf vl\vkyaf qmifcsuf r[kwyf g/
toif;om;tjzpfyg0ifo?l c&pfawmfemrudk trSjD yKow l ikd ;f xm0&u,fwifjcif; 'kw, d arG;zGm;jcif; rcH&ao;olrsm;u uReaf wmfu,fwifjcif;a&muf&ef tb,f
a&mufrnf[k rqdv k ykd g/ or®musr;f pmu bk&m;ocifajzmifrh wfapolwikd ;f onf odkYjyKrl&rnfenf;[k ar;vsuf&SdMuygonf/ omoemyvlrsm;ESifh rSm;,Gif;pGm
csD;ajr§mufjcif;cH&rnf[k qdkxm;ygonf/ xdkolrsm;ü wpfOD;rQ qHk;½HI;jcif;rcH&? ud;k uG,Mf uaom c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;u vlonf rdr\ d vkyaf qmifcsuEf iS hf
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aMumifh u,fwifjcif;odaYk &mufonf[al om t"dymÜ ,frmS uREyfk w f t Ydk wGuf bk&m;
2/ bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmf ocif\vkyfaqmifcsuftvHk;pHkudk uRefawmfwkdY ½dk;½dk;av;ESifh vufcH,l½Hkom
bk&m;ocif\om;onf vrf;vGo J mG ;oluo hJ Ykd tjypfvyk rf o d jzifh u,f jzpfygonf/ tu,fí u,fwifjcif;onf uREyfk w f t
dYk wGuf bk&m;vkyaf qmifrI
wifjcif;qHk;½HI;onf[k ,HkMunfolwkdYonf or®musrf;ü azmfjyxm;aombk&m; (50%)ESihf uREyfk w f u Ydk ,
kd wf ikd v f yk af qmifrI (50%) jzpfygu uREyfk w f \ Ydk u,fwif
ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfudk oabmaygufjcif;r&SdMuyg/ ]],HkMunfaomtm;jzifh jcif;onf vH;k 0qH;k ½H;I rnfjzpfayonf/ okw Yd nf; r[kwf bk&m;bufrS vkyaf qmif
aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh u,fwifjcif;odkYa&muf&\/ udk,ftvdktavsmufa&muf csuf (90%)ESihf uREyfk w f vYdk yk af qmifrI (10%) tay:rSm rlwnfaeonfjzpfap?
onfr[kwf bk&m;ocifoem;awmfr&l mjzpfownf;/ ud, k u f o k vdk af Mumifh u,f okw
Yd nf;r[kwf bk&m;bufrv S yk af qmifcsuf (99%)ESihf vlbufrv S yk af qmifcsuf
wifawmfrjl cif;okYd a&mufonfr[kw?f odjYk zpfí tb,forl Q 0g<um;p&mtcGihf (1%)tay:rSm rlwnfaernfqv kd Qiv
f nf; uReaf wmfw\ Ykd u,fwifjcif;onf
r&Sd}} ({? 2; 8-9)/ a,½Ic&pfa&G;Ekwfawmfrlaomtm;jzifh tbdk;udk ray;bJ qHk;½HI;rnfomjzpfayonf/ u,fwifjcif;trIü aus;Zl;awmfonf (100%)
bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh ajzmifrh wf&modYk a&muf&Mu\}} (a&m?3;24)/ jzpfonf/ xdkokdYr[kwfygu aus;Zl;awmf tvHk;pHkr[kwfay(a&m? 11;5-6)/
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d Qif aus;Zl;onf aus;Zl;r[kw/f ud, k u f siahf om tusit hf m;jzifh wrefawmfaygvku þodaYk r;xm;ygonf/ ]]c&pfawmf\cspjf cif; arwåm
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d Qif ud,
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11; 5-6)/ uREyfk wf u
Ykd kd olwyg;rSww f wfyg\ [líusr;f pmvmonfEiS t hf nD qif;&JNiKd jiifjcif;?
or®musrf;u u,fwifjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh n§O;f qJEydS pf ufjcif;? rGwo f yd jf cif;? t0wftcsn;f pnf; &Sjd cif;? ab;ESiahf wGUMuKH jcif;?
jzpfonf[k azmfjyxm;ygonf(a,me?2;9)/ u,fwifjcif;onf vltwGuf bk&m; uGyfrsufjcif;udk cH&aomfvnf;? xdktrIwkdYwGif tb,ftrIonf c&pfawmf\
 23

cspjf cif;arwåmawmfEiS hf igwku Yd u

kd mG aprnfenf;/ ruGmaponfomru igwku Yd kd rwwfaom 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESifh &Tifvef;0rf;ajrmufMuonf/ ajymif;vJjcif;r&
cspfawmfrlaomol\ aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh igwkdYonf trIcyfodrf;wdkYudk cHpOf aomolrsm;onf þoGefoifcsufudk vufrcHjiif;qdkMuonf/ BudKwifBuH&G,f
wGiyf if txl;ojzifh atmifjrifMu\/ taMumif;rlum; aojcif;jzpfap? touf pdwfjzifh pdwfESvHk;ysufuG,fMuaom ,HkMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY,HkMunfawG;
&Sifjcif;jzpfap? aumif;uifwrefjzpfap? txG#ftjrwfjzpfap? tmPmwefcdk; ac:rIESifh tH0if*Gifusjzpf&ef EIwfuywfawmfudk vdk&mqGJwwfMuonf/ a&m?
jzpfap? rsufarSmuft&mjzpfap? tpOfwnfjrJ jcif;&Sdae&rnf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf 8;29-30 wGif tcsuf (5)csuu f kd qifjcifMuygrnf/ ¤if;wkrYd mS -
urÇmrwnfr&Srd DS c&pfawmfü a&G;aumufc&H onf({?1;4)/ uREyfk w f o
Ydk nf a,½I (1) a&SUrqGu odjrifjcif;?
c&pftm;jzifh om;t&mudk&rnftaMumif; tvdkawmf&Sdaom apwemtwdkif; (2) a&SUrqGu cGJcefYrSwfom;awmfrljcif;
a&SUrqGu cGcJ efrY w S o f m;awmfr\ l ({?1;6)/ bk&m;ocifapwem\ tvdak wmf (3) ac:awmfrljcif;
odkYvdkufí tvHk;pHkwkdYudk pD&ifjyKjyifawmfrlwwfaomol\ MuHpnfjcif;&Sdonf (4) ajzmifhrwf&mü wnfapawmfrljcif;
twkid ;f a&SUrqGu cGcJ efrY w S o f m;awmfro l nfEiS t hf nD uREyfk w f o Ydk nf c&pfawmf (5) csD;ajr§mufawmfrljcif;wdkY jzpfygonf/
tm;jzifh tarGcjH zpfMu\ ({? 1; 11)/ ,HMk unforl sm;onf bk&m;ocif\BuKd wifojd rifjcif;cH&olrsm; jzpfonf/
bk&m;ocif\ u,fwifjcif;ESiyhf wfoufí bk&m;tydik ;f ESihf vlt Y ydik ;f xdo k jYdk rifjcif;cH&olrsm;udk bk&m;ocifonf a&SUrqGu cGcJ efrY w S o
f m;awmfro
l nf/
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onf crnf;awmf?om;awmf/ oef&Y iS ;f aom0dnmOfawmfü yg0ifaygif;pnf;aeNyD bk&m;jyifqifcahJ omfvnf; vlwikd ;f onf bk&m;ocifac:jcif;(a&G;aumufjcif;)
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]]bk&m;ocifudk cspfaomolwnf;[laom MuHpnfawmfrljcif;twdkif; xifrw S yf grl vlwikd ;f u,fwifjcif;a&mufMuayrnf/ usr;f pmudk tvGrJ ,l ap
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olww Ykd iG f om;OD;jzpfawmfrrl nftaMumif; bk&m;ocifonf a&SUrqGu odawmf a&mufrnf[k rqdv k ykd g/ or®musr;f pmu bk&m;ocifajzmifrh wfapolwikd ;f onf
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rqGu cGcJ efrY w S o
f m;awmfr\ l / xdo k cYkd cJG efrY w
S o f m;aomolwu Ydk kd ac:awmfrl \/ &mEIef;jynfh (100%) u,fwifjcif;odkY a&mufrnf/
ac:awmfrlaomolwkdYudkvnf; ajzmifhrwf&mü wnfapawmfrl\/ xdkodkYwnf
apawmfrlaomolwkdYudkvnf; csD;ajr§mufawmfrl\ }}(a&m? 8;28-30)/ 2/ bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmf
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J mG ;oluo
hJ Ykd tjypfvyk rf o
d jzifh u,fwif
 24

jcif;qH;k ½H;I onf[k ,HMk unfow l o Ydk nf or®musr;f üazmfjyxm;aom bk&m;ocif wkUd \u,fwifjcif;onf vk;H 0qk;H ½I;H rIjzpfayonf/ okUd wnf;r[kwf bk&m;buf
\aus;Zl;awmfudk oabmaygufjcif;r&SdMuyg/ ]],HkMunfaomtm;jzifh aus;Zl; rSvyk af qmifcsuf ( 90%) ESifh uREyfk w f Udk vkyaf qmifrI (10%) tay:rSm rlwnf
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r[kw?f bk&m;ocifoem;awmfr&l mjzpfownf;/ ud, k u f o
k vkd af Mumifh u,fwif bufrSvkyfaqmifcsuf (1%) tay:rlwnfaernfqkdvQifvnf; uRefawmfwkdU
awmfrjl cif;okYd a&mufonfr[kw?f odjYk zpfí tb,forl Q 0g<um;p&mtcGirhf &S}d } \ u,fwifjcif;onf qk;H ½I;H rnfomjzpfayonf/ u,fwifjcif;trIü aus;Zl;
({? 2;8-9)/ a,½Ic&pfa&G;EIwfawmfrlaomtm;jzifh tbdk;udk ray;yJ bk&m; awmfonf (100%) jzpfonf/ xkdokdUr[kwfygu aus;Zl;awmftvkH;pkHr[kwf
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tusit fh m;jzihf r&S/d &Sv
d Qif aus;Zl;onf aus;Zl;r[kw?f uk, d u f sifh aomtusifh wrefawmfaygvku þokdU ar;xm;ygonf/ ]]c&pfawmf\cspfjcif;
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ocif\vkyaf qmifcsujf zpfonf/ bk&m;twGuf vl\vkyaf qmifcsuf r[kwyf g/ ESiahf wGUBuKjH cif;? uGyrf sujf cif;ukcd &H aomfvnf; xkt d rIwUdk wGif tb,ftrIonf
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f idk v
f yk af qmifrI (50%) jzpfygu uREyfk f onf oabmusvsu&f \ dS }} (a&m? 8; 35-39)/
 25

txufygusr;f pmt& aumif;uifay:rSmjzpfap? ajrBu;D ay:rSmjzpfap? aom bk&m;ocif\tvH;k pHak om jynf0h rIukd od&v dS mrnf/ uReaf wmfwdYk wpf
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qE´&ydS gu bk&m;ocif\cspjf cif;arwåmrS uGuJ mG oGm;Ekid o
f nf[k ,kMH unfMuonf/ awmfa&SUü qufojcif;iSg¤if; wwfEikd af wmfro l nf[k (,k'? 24) ü qdx k m;ygonf/
uReaf wmfwiG b f &k m;ocifukd cspaf omom;oH;k a,muf&ydS gonf/ olwYkd xkaYd Mumihf bk&m;ocif\ EIwu f ywfawmfukd ,HMk unf&efom&Syd gonf/ txufyg
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wd;k wufvmapjcif;? bk&m;ocifEiS hf rdbudk ½dak oudik ;f ½diI ;f aom toufwmü ü Nird 0f yfpmG cdek m;í tHb h ,G af om bk&m;ocif\cspjf cif; arwåmawmfü 0rf;
touf&iS jf cif;&S&d ef uReaf wmfqak wmif;ay;ygonf/ odaYk omf wpfa,mufaom ajrmufyg/
om;onf tjypfü usqif;cJo h nf/ xdo
k m;onf raumif;aomtodik ;f t0dik ;f ü wzef? 1ay?1;5 ü ]]aemufq;kH aomumvü xif&mS ;apjcif;iSg? jyifqif
usiv f nfNy;D ynwfawmfukd csKd ;azmufvsuf rdb\emrnfukd odrif ,faponfh aomu,fwifjcif;odakY &mufaprnft h aMumif;? ,HMk unfjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif
tjyKtrlrsKd ;vkyrf ad omfvnf; rdbonf xdo k m;udk om;tjzpfEiS hf cspv
f su&f adS e \ wefc;kd awmfonf apmifah &Smufawmfral om oifwt Ydk bdYk aumif;uifbükH odk
rnf/ xdok m;\ rSm;aomtjyKtrlaMumifh rdbonf om;t&mrSpeG yYf pfjcif;? tarG xm;vsu&f adS omtarGwnf;}} [k qdx k m;ygonf/ uReaf wmfwo Ykd nf ysupf ;D ykyf
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tcsKd Uaomc&pf,mefrsm;onf u,fwifjcif;a&mufap&eftwGuf qH;k cef;
oufa&mufrIr&Sd[k tav;teufajymqkdMuonf/ Oyrmjy&vQif oHBudK;wpf
wdik af tmif opöm&Spd mG c&pfawmftm; ,HMk unfu;kd pm;&rnf[k xifrmS ;vsuf &Sd
acsmif;&So
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Muonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uReaf wmfwt Ydk rSwrf xif xdrí
d vJusjcif;udk cGijhf yK
oHuGif;ESifhwlaom vHkNcHKrIonf uRefawmfwdkY\ ,HkMunfjcif;tay:wnfaeyg
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S m uReaf wmfwo Ydk nf aemufq;kH ü aemifw&í tHMh obG,af umif;
rl teEåwefc;kd &Sif bk&m;vkyaf qmifrrI sm;&Sad omfvnf; xdo k BH uKd ;ysuo f mG ;ayrnf/
 26

rdrw
d \Ydk ,HMk unfjcif;tay: tav;xm;aom ,HMk unfow l oYdk nf a[NA?J 12;2ü ]]xm0&touf}} qkad ompum;\ teuft"dymÜ ,fukd uReaf wmfwYdk avh
a,½Ic&pfonf ,HkMunfjcif;udk tptOD;pD&ifolESifh tqHk;owfoljzpfaMumif; vm&efvykd gonf/ "r®opfusr;f ü þpum;udk (31)Burd af wGU&S&d onf/ *&dbmom
vspvf sL½Ixm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ,HMk unfjcif;onf uREyfk w
f t
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&efo\ l rEdik rf eif;vkyaf qmifjcif;udk odrw S vf su&f adS omfvnf; olu,
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jcif;odaYk &mufaprnftaMumif; ,HMk unfjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ wef;cd;k awmf rac:qdEk ikd yf g/ c&pfawmfu oifwo Ykd nf igESit
hf wltouf&iS pf OfwiG ¤f if;? tjypf
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&rnf[kvnf; rdefYMum;jcif;r&Sdyg/
5/ bk&m;ocif\uwdawmf
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pmESihf pyfqikd af om txif&mS ;qH;k *wdawmfukd a,m?10;27-29 ü awGU&S&d ygonf/
rMumcPuReaf wmfawGUí tNrþ J okaYd jymqdyk gonf/ ]]cifAsm;u,fwifjcif;trSef
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&w,f/ tckawmh xm0&toufurkd &awmhb;l / qH;k ½I;H oGm;w,fvYkd qdv k ykd govm;/
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'godyx f ;l qef;wmbJ/ ]]tu,fpifppf xm0&touf&Ny;D olonf qH;k crf;r&Sad om
xdok ;kd wdu
Yk kd igü tyfay;awmfral om ighcrnf;awmfonf cyford ;f aom olwYdk
c&pfawmf\ toufwmudk&&SdNyDjzpfí b,faomtcgrQ xm0&toufqHk;½IH;
xufBu;D jrwfawmfro l nfjzpfí tb,forl Q xdo k ;kd wku Yd kd ighcrnf;awmf\ vufrS
aMumif; usrf;pmazmfjyrxm;ay/
rEIwfr,lEdkif&m}}/
 27

a,m?10;27-29wGiyf gaomusr;f csurf sm;onf xm0&touft"dygÜ ,f toufudk ay;rnf[k rdefYMum;jcif;r[kwfyg/ olwkdYonf ig\odk;rsm;jzpfMuí
zGifh[csufay:wGifom tajcrjyKyg/ olwkdYonf ysufpD;jcif;ESifhtpOfrjywf ighaemufov Ykd u
kd Mf uonf/ olwo Ydk nf igho;kd rsm;jzpfMuí od;k xde;f aemufvu kd u
f hJ
uif;vGwMf uvdrrfh nf[k c&pfawmfu rdeq Yf x
kd m;onf/ xdek nf;wl a,m? 3;15- odYk uReaf wmfwu Ydk kd c&pfawmfyidk q
f ikd af omaMumifh c&pfawmfaf emufvu kd &f jcif;
16 wGiv f nf; ysupf ;D jcif;odrYk a&muf[k azmfjyxm;onf/ ysupf ;D jcif;onf xm0 jzpfonf/
&touf\ qefYusifbufjzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf c&pfawmfudk ,HkMunf a,m? 10;27-29 ESihf qm? 37;23?24 usr;f yd'k üf yg0ifaomtcsuf
ygu ysufpD;jcif;odkYra&muf[k c&pfawmfrdefYMum;xm;ygonf/ rsm;udk qufE, G Mf unfMh uygpd/Yk qmvHusr;f ü ]]aumif;aomol\ajc&mwku Yd kd xm0&
c&pfawmfukd OD;aESmuftawG;tac:ESiahf 0zefum ,HMk unfí r&Edik yf g/ bk&m;yJhjyifí oloGm;&mvrf;udk ESpfoufawmfrl\/ xdkolonf vJaomfvnf;
c&pfawmfukd ,HMk unfjcif;onf taMumif;t&mwpfct k ay:ü pdw\ f auseyfrI qH;k &modYk ra&muf&/ taMumif;rlum; xm0&bk&m;onf ol\ vufukd udik rf
&,ljcif;rsKd ;r[kwyf g/ rdr\ d cdik Nf raJ om ,HMk unfjcif;jzifh rdrt d oufwmwpfcv k ;kH awmfr\ l [k qdx k m;&matmufyg tcsurf sm;rSw, f El ikd o
f nf/
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k P²mefajymif;vJí c&pfawmfü topfaom owå0gjzpfjcif;yifjzpfonf/ þ (1) aumif;aomol (0dnmOfarG;zGm;jcif;&ol)\ ajc&mwkdYudk xm0&bk&m;yJh
odaYk om ,HMk unfjcif;&Sad om olonf ysupf ;D jcif;okrYd a&muf[k or®musr;f pmu jyifonf/
azmfjyxm;ygonf/ ]]tb,forl Q xdo k ;kd wku
Yd kd ighcrnf;awmf\ vufrS rEIwf
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Yd kd igü tyfay;awmfral om ighcrnf;awmfonf cyford ;f
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l nf vJaomfvnf; qH;k &modrYk a&muf&/ taMumif;rlum; xm0&bk&m;
aom olwx Ydk ufBu;D jrwfawmfro l nfjzpfí tb,forl Qxo kd ;kd wku
Yd kd ighcrnf;awmf
onf ol\vufukd udik rf xm;awmfro l nf[k bk&m;ocif*wday;xm;ygonf/
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oif\ b,fvufz0g;ESihf wzeftay:rS tkyv f suf oif\ b,fbufvufz0g; uRefawmftawGYtMuHKwpfckudkwifjyygrnf/ vGefcJhaom ESpfaygif;rsm;
udk xyfrq H yk x f m;yg/ aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh u,fwifjcif;odaYk &mufaom ,HMk unf pGmu uRefawmfonf tar&duefjynfaxmifpk\ajrmufbufNrdKUwGifoif;tkkyf
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rxGuEf ikd yf g/ a,m? 10;27-29 wGif azmfjyxm;aom usr;f csuu f kd trSet f wdik ;f a,mufvrf;ab;wGif avQmufaomtcg uReaf wmfvufukd uReaf wmfom;tm;
vufcHvdkaomolrsm;u xm0&toufudk&&SdbkdY&ef a,½Ic&pf\ toHudk udik cf iG rhf jyKbJ uReaf wmfuom ol\vufukd udik x f m;ygonf/ uReaf wmfo
h m;onf
qufvufem;axmifí aemufawmfoq Ydk ufvu kd 7f rnf[ak jymqkMd uonf/ þajym rMumcPajcacsmfygonf/ okdYaomf xdcdkufjcif;r&Sdyg/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf
qkdcsufonf EGm;a&SUxGefusL;jcif;yifjzpfonf/ ocifa,½Iu ighodk;wdkYonf uReaf wmfonf olu Y Nkd rpJ mG udik x
f m;aomaMumifjh zpfonf/ tu,fíom uRef
ighpum;udek m;axmifvQif (0g) ighaemufov Ykd u kd Mf uvQif xdo k ;kd wkt Yd m; xm0& awmfom;onf uReaf wmf\ vufuu kd ikd cf iG ahf y;ygu olonf cPcPajcacsmf
 28

vJusí jyif;xefemusirf cI &H ayrnf/ xdek nf;wlyif tbbk&m;onf uReaf wmfukd (2) c&pfawmfxv H maomolonf tHb h ,G af om aus;Zl;awmfjzifh u,fwif
ol\vufjzifh udkifrawmfrlaomaMumifh bk&m;trIawmfjrwfü ESpfaygif; jcif;okaYd &mufNy;D *wdawmf&o
dS nft
h wkid ;f xdo
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l kd tvQi;f ry,fyg/
(30)ausmaf qmif&u G cf ahJ omfvnf; qH;k &modrYk a&mufyg/ u,fwifjcif;trIü bk&m; rsm;pGmaom oef&Y iS ;f olrsm;onf tjypfjyKrad omtcg pmwef\ n§O;f
ocifu uReaf wmfwv Ydk ufukd qGu
J ikd jf cif;r[kwb
f J uReaf wmfwu
Ydk om bk&m; qJjcif; ½Iwcf su&hJ UJ jcif;udk cH&ygonf/ pmwefu oiftjypfvyk rf Nd y/D 'gaMumifh
ocif\ vufudkqGJudkif&rnf[k xifrSwfaevQif uRefawmfwkdY\u,fwifjcif; bk&m;ocifu oifu h kd vspv f sL½Ixm;Ny;D pGeyYf pfxm;Ny[
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c&pfawmf\tHMh obG,af om *wdawmfukd a,m?5;24wGif xyfraH wGU&Sd oifu h t
kd vsi;f ypfírxm;[k *wdawmf&\ dS / ta&;Bu;D vdt k yfaom tcsed w f iG f
&onf/ ]]igtrSet f uefqo kd nfum; ighpum;udk em;axmifí ighuakd pvTwaf wmfrl rdr\ d rdwaf qGukd pGeaYf omolu¤kd if;? zsm;emaom rdr&d if aoG;udk pGeaYf om rdcifukd
aomolukd ,HMk unfaomolonf xm0&toufukd &onfjzpfí tjypfp&D ifjcif; ¤if; oifonfrnfox Ydk ifrnfenf;/ tHMh obG,af om bk&m;ocif\ *wdawmfrf mS
udkrcH&/ aojcif;rStouf&Sifjcif;okdY ul;ajrmufaomoljzpf\}}/ tcsdKUaom igonf oifu h rkd pGe?Yf tvsi;f ypfírxm;[líyif jzpfygonf/
olrsm;u xm0&toufukd aemifvmrnft h em*wfumv&Edik o f nf[k xifrw
S f 6/ c&pfawmf\ ud,
k pf m;taocHjcif;
Muonf/ xdo k wl u Ydk qH;k cef;wkid af tmif opöm&Srd S aovGeaf omtcg? bk&m;ocif
u,fwifjcif;qH;k ½H;I Edik of nf[k ,HMk unfaomolrsm;u tjypfvyk af om
ESiahf wGUqHNk y;D xm0&touftyfEiS ;f jcif;cH&rnf[v k nf; xifMujyefonf/ txuf
aMumifh qH;k ½H;I jcif;odaYk &mufEikd o
f nf[k xifrw S Mf uonf/ olwo Ydk nf rsuaf phu,
G f
azmfjyygusr;f yd'k u f ighukd apvTwaf wmfral omolukd ,HMk unfaomolonf xm0&
vsu&f o dS jzifh ocifa,½Ic&pf\ jynfph akH om ud, k pf m;cHjcif;trIwnf;[laom
toufu&kd onf[k azmfjyxm;ygonf/ ypöKyeÜ u f mv? ,ckyifvQif xm0&touf
rGejf rwfaom or®mw&m;udk olwrYdk jrifEidk Mf uyg/ c&pfawmf\taocHjcif;onf
&onf[kazmfjyxm;ygonf/ qufvufí tjypfpD&ifjcif;udkrcH&/ aojcif;rS
uReaf wmfwt Ydk wGuf t"dygÜ ,f&ydS gonf/ a,½Ic&pftaocHjcif;onf vlom;tm;
touf&iS jf cif;oku Yd ;l ajrmufaomoljzpf\[k azmfjyxm;jcif;onf ,ckrsuaf rSmuf
vH;k twGuf vHak vmufr&I NdS y;D ,HMk unfow l ikd ;f twGuf tusKd ;&Syd gonf/ ]]c&pfawmf
wGif aojcif;rS touf&iS jf cif;odYk ul;ajrmufjcif;jzpfygonf/ cspaf om rdwaf qG
onf igwdkYtjypfru avmuDom;taygif;wdkY\ tjypfajzp&mtaMumif;jzpf
oifonf ,HMk unfí bk&m;ocifü¤if;? bk&m;ocifu oifu h akd y;aom u,fwif
awmfr\ l (1a,m? 2 ;2)/
jcif;ü¤if;? Nird o f ufjcif;ESi0hf rf;ajrmufjcif;&Syd govm;/ c&pfawmf\ *wdawmfukd
c&pfawmfvuf0g;uyfwikd ;f ay:wGif taocHjcif;onf? vlom;tm;vH;k \
a,m?6;37 wGif xyfrHawGU&onf/ ]]crnf;awmfonf ightm;ay;awmfrlorQ
tjypftwGujf zpfygonf/ vlom;tm;vH;k \ twdw?f ypöKyeÜ ?f tem*wf&t dS jypf
aom olwo Ydk nf ighxo H v Ydk mMuvdrrhf nf/ ighxoH v Ykd maom olukd igonf tvsi;f
rsm;twGuf taocHjcif;jzpfygonf/ bk&m;ocif\om;awmfa,½Ic&pf\
ry,f}}/ þ*wdawmfwGif (2)rsdK; ydkif;jcm;xm;ygonf/
taoG;awmfonf igwkt Yd jypf&o dS rQukd aq;aMumawmfr\ l (1a,m? 1;7)/ igwkYd
(1) u,fwifjcif;tvdkiSg c&pfawmfxHcsOf;uyfaomoludk c&pfawmfonf
udk bk&m;ocifxaH wmfoYkd ydaYk qmifjcif;iSg? ajzmifrh wfawmfral omolonf rajzmifh
tvQif;ry,f/
rwfaomolwt Ykd wGuf 'kp½du k t
f jypfrsm;udk ud,k af wmfwikd f opfwikd rf mS cHawmf
 29

rlNyD (1ay? 3;18)/ igwkYd tjypfrsm;udk ud, k af wmfwikd f opfwidk rf mS cHawmfrNl yD jzpfonf/ vl\u,fwifjcif;trIonf c&pfawmf\Ny;D pD;cJah om vkyaf qmifcsuf
(1ay? 2;24)/ igwku Yd kd cspaf wmrlí rdrt d aoG;ESihf igwkt Yd jypfrsm;udk aq;aMum tay:wGirf w l nfaevQif xdo
k o
l nf vJusí qH;k ½H;I jcif;odYk ra&mufEikd yf g/ a,½I
awmfrí l (Asm? 1;5)/ xdt k wGuaf Mumifh bk&m;ocifonf uReaf wmfwt Ydk jypf c&pfonf vuf0g;uyfwdkifay:wGif csdwfqGJxm;jcif;cH&pOf ]]trINyD;NyD}} [k
'kp½du k &f odS rQukd ausmef if;vdu k Nf y/D tjypftvH;k pHw k u Ykd kd eufeaJ omyifv,fxo J Ykd rdefYawmfrlcJhygonf (a,m? 19;30)/
csypfvdkufNyD; rJarSmifaom wdrfwdkufrsm;udk z,f&Sm;ouJhodkY¤if; ta&SUpGef;rS ]]trINy;D Ny}D } [laom pum;vH;k av;vH;k udk omrefvrl sm;taeESihf qdk
taemufqHk;wdkifokdY¤if; uREfkyfwdkYtjypfrsm;udk uREkfyfwdkYrS z,f&Sm;ypfcJhayNyD/ vdak om t"dymÜ ,fukd av;eufpmG rodEikd yf g/ a&G;Ekwjf cif;trItwGuf c&pfawmf
xdaYk Mumifh usr;f pmu c&pfawmfü &Sad omolwo Ykd nf tjypfp&D ifjcif;udk cHp&m vkyaf qmifcsuNf y;D pD;cJah omaMumifh ol\ Ny;D pD;cJah om vkyaf qmifrt I ay: uREyfk f
rvdkawmhay/ a,½Ic&pfvuf0g;uyfwkdifay: csdwfqGJxm;jcif;cH&pOf tuREkfyf wkYd xyfrjH znhpf u
G pf &mrvdak wmhyg/ xkaYd Mumifh usr;f pmu ud, k u
f ykd al Zmfaomtm;
bk&m; tuREyfk b f &k m;? tb,faMumifh tuREyfk u f kd pGeyYf pfawmfro l enf;/ a<u; jzifh trsm;udo k w k o f ify,f&mS ;jcif;iSg ay:xGe;f awmfr\ l (a[?9;26) [k qdx k m;
aMumfavonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ol\om;awmfudkpGefYypfawmfrlovm;/ pGefY ygonf/ ]]xdo k cifru l m; tjypfukd ajzjcif;iSg? ,Zfwpfcw k nf;udo k m ylaZmfNy;D rS
awmfryl gonf/ uReaf wmfwo Ydk nf c&pfawmfü bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifrh wfjcif;& pí bk&m;ocif\vusmf awmfbufrmS tpOftjrx J ikd í
f }} (a[? 10;12)/
jcif; tvdkiSg oifESifh uREkfyftjypfrsm;twGuf c&pfawmfudk tjypf&Sdayonf/
trINy;D Ny[
D al om pum;\t"dymÜ ,frmS tjynft h pHak y;qyfjcif;jzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf rdro d m;awmfukd pGev Yf wT ½f o
kH mru c&pfawmfvuf0g;uyfwikd f
ocifa,½Ivuf0g;uyfwdkifay:taocHjcif;onf uRefawmfwkYd\tjypfa<u;ukd
ay:csw d qf x JG m;jcif;cH&pOf tuREyfk b f &k m;? tuREyfk b f &k m;? tb,faMumift h uREyfk f
tuket f pifay;qyfjcif;yifjzpfygonf/ Oyrm- uReaf wmfonf aiGwu kd w
f pfck
udk pGefYypfawmfrloenf;/ a<u;aMumfavonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ol\ om;
wGif a':vm(100) ta<u;wifaeygonf/ <u,f0csr;f omaom uReaf wmf\
awmfudk pGefYawmfrlovm;/ pGefYawmfrlygonf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf c&pfawmfü
rdwaf qGwpfO;D u uReaf wmfu h t kd odray;bJ uReaf wmfay;qyf&rnfh ta<u;a':
bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifrh wfjcif;&jcif;tvdik gS oifEiS u fh REyfk t f jypfrsm;twGuf c&pf
vmaiG (100)udk aiGwu kd o
f Ykd oGm;í ay;qyfvu kd yf gonf/ xkaYd emuf uReaf wmf
awmfukd tjypf&adS yonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdro d m;awmfukd pGev Yf wT ½f okH mru
onf aiG&mS &aomtcg aiGwu kd o f o Ykd mG ;í ta<u;udak y;qyfygonf/ aiGwu kd rf LS ;
c&pfawmfvuf0g;uyfwdkifay: csdwfqGJxm;jcif;cH&pOf bk&m;ocif\ trsuf
onf uReaf wmfay;qyfaom aiGuv kd ufcyH gu xdak iGwu kd rf LS ;onf ½d;k om;rSmvm;/
awmfonfvnf; a,½Ic&pftay: oGe;f avmif;cJyh gonf/ xdaYk Mumifh c&pfawmf
rSeuf efrnfvm;/ oifb,fuo hJ Ykd tajzay;rnfenf;/ rrSeu f efyg[k ajz&ayrnf/
onf uReaf wmfwYdk a<u;wifcahJ om tjypftvH;k pHu k kd ,lwifNy;D ay;qyfcyhJ gonf/
xdek nf;wlyif oef&Y iS ;f ajzmifrh wfaom bk&m;ocifonf uReaf wmfwt Ykd jypfrsm;
twGuf a,½Ic&pftm; um;wdkifay:udk,fpm;taocHNyD;rS uRefawmfwdkYtm;
7/ c&pfawmf\ Ny;D pD;cJah om vkyaf qmifcsuf rdrdtjypftwGuf wzef rdrdudk,fwdkifay;qyfcGifhudkray;yg/
u,fwifjcif;trIonf vl\ukovdk af umif;rIEiS hf vkyaf qmifcsut
f ay:
wGif rlwnfaeygvQif xdo
k o
l nf vJusí qH;k ½I;H jcif;odYk trIa&mufrnfrmS rvGJ
 30

8/ c&pfawmf\ pHkvifaom ajzmifhrwfjcif; tay:rlwnfvQif uReaf wmfwo Ykd nf ysupf ;D qH;k ½H;I p&mtaMumif;r&Syd g/ taMumif;
u,fwifjcif;qH;k ½I;H onf[al om Mo0g'udk ,HMk unforl sm;onf bk&m;o rlum; pifMu,faom olwo Ykd nf xm0&pHv k ifjcif;tusKd ;udk &apjcif;iSg wpfcg
cif\ ajzmifrh wfjcif;w&m;udk vspv f sL½Ixm;jcif;jzpfonf/ xkaYd Mumifh or®musr;f wnf; ylaZmfjcif;tm;jzifh jyKawmfr\ l (a[?10;14)/ xdaYk Mumifh cspaf omrdwf
u þodYk azmfjyxm;ygonf/ ]]xdo k wl oYdk nf bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifrh wfjcif;w&m; aqGbk&mocif\ om;awmfudk ylaZmfjcif;tm;jzifh oif&&Sdaom BuD;rm;onfh
udk rodbJ ud, k af jzmifrh wfjcif;udk wnfapjcif;iSg &SmMuaH omaMumifh bk&m;ocif u,fwifjcif;ü 0rf;ajrmufyg/
\ ajzmifrh wfjcif;w&m;udk 0efrcHMu (a&m? 10;3)/ wrefawmfaygvk\ oufao
cHcsuu f Mkd unfyh g/ ]]odaYk omfvnf; igjzpfvQif Zmwdü ud;k pm;p&mtaMumif;&S\ d / 9/ ,cktcsdefü c&pfawmf\ ,Zfyka&m[dwftrIaqmifjcif;/
tjcm;olrnfonfum; Zmwdü ud;k pm;p&mtaMumif;&So d nf[x k ifvQif igrlum;
tu,fí uReaf wmfonf Oya'udk csKd ;azmufryd gu ta&;,ljcif;cH&
omí&S\ d / igonf&pS &f ufajrmufaomaeYü ta&zsm;vS;D jcif;udk cH&\/ £oa&
ygrnf/ uReaf wmf\ trIukd aqmif&u G af y;&ef a&SUaeiSg;&rnfjzpfygonf/ xdk
vtrsKd ; A[Fmrdet f EG,jf zpf\/ a[NAv J rl S qif;oufaom a[NAv J 0l ifjzpf\/
enf;wlyif ocifa,½Ionf uReaf wmfw\ Ydk ya&mzuf? ,Zfya&m[dwEf iS hf bk&if
w&m;tm;jzifh zm&d&jJS zpf\/ pdwt f m;Bu;D jcif;udk ar;aomf igonf toif;awmf
jzpfaMumif; or®musr;f pmu azmfjyxm;ygonf/ a,½Ic&pfonf ya&mzuftjzpf
udk n§i;f qJaomoljzpf\/ ynwfw&m;tm;jzifh &aom ajzmifrh wfjcif;udk ar;
ESihf þavmuodYk <uvmcJNh y;D ,cktcgwGif uReaf wmfw\ Ykd Bu;D jrwfaom ,Zf
jyefaomf? igonf tjypfwifciG Ehf iS hf uif;vGwaf omoljzpf\/ odaYk omfvnf; ig\
yka&m[dwrf if;tjzpf tpOfrjywf uReaf wmfwt Ykd m; u,fwifvsu&f \ dS / wpfaeY
tusKd ;pD;yGm;udk jyKpak omt&m&So d rQukd ½H;I apaom t&muJo h Ydk c&pfawmfaMumifh
wpfcsed w
f iG f ,Zfya&m[dwt f jzpfrS &yfem;Ny;D pd;k pH&ef<uvmrnf/ a[NAMJ o0g'
igxifrw S \ f / xdrk Qru ig\ocifa,½Ic&pfukd odaomynmonf tb,frQ
pmwGif c&pfawmfonf oem;jcif; u½kPmESijhf ynf0h aom ,Zfya&m[dwrf if;
avmufjrwfonfukd axmufí cyford ;f aomt&mwdu Yk kd ½H;I apaomt&muJo h Ykd
jzpfaMumif; t"duxm;í azmfjyxm;ygonf/ a,½Ic&pfonf uReaf wmfwu Ykd o
hJ Ykd
igxifrw S \ f /}} (zd?3;4-10) ynwfw&m;tm;jzif&h aom ud, k af jzmifrh wfjcif;udk
vltjzpfc, H al omaMumifh uReaf wmfwcYkd pH m;&aom pHpk rf;aESmif,
h u S jf cif;twGuf
ud;k rpm;bJ c&pfawmfukd ,HMk unfjcif;tm;jzif&h aom ajzmifrh wfjcif;wnf;[laom
Muifemaompdwf&Sdygonf/
,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh&aom ajzmifhrwfjcif;wnf;[laom ,HkMunfjcif;twGuf
c&pfawmfonf ,Zfya&m[dwrf if;tjzpf trSKaqmifq&mwGiEf pS yf ikd ;f
aMumifh bk&m;ocifay;awmfral om ajzmifrh wfjcif;udk ud;k pm;ojzifh c&pfawmfukd
&Sdygonf/
tjrwf&í xdo k cifü wnfygrnftaMumif; cyford ;f aomt&mwdu Yk kd rpifuo hJ Ykd
igxifrSwf\}} (zd?3;11)/ (1) uReaf wmfwt
Ykd wGuf ,Zfya&m[dwtf rIukd tNraJ qmif&u
G v
f su&f o
dS nf/ xko
d Ykd
aqmif&Gufjcif;onf uRefawmfwdkY\tm;enf;csufaMumifhjzpfonf/
uReaf wmfw\
Ykd u,fwifjcif;trIonf uReaf wmfw\ Ykd ajzmifrh wfjcif;
tay: rlwnfaeygvQif uReaf wmfwo Ykd nf vJusum ysupf ;D qH;k ½I;H jcif;odYk a&muf (2) c&pfawmfonf aus;Zl;awmfyv’i\f vusmf bufwiG f xdik v
f suf uReaf wmf
ayvdrrhf nf/ u,fwifjcif;trIonf bk&m;ocif\ pHv k ifaom ajzmifrh wfjcif; wd\
Yk tjypfrsm; aMuat;ap&ef bk&m;ocifa&SUü avQmufvaSJ y;aom uRef
 31

awmfw\ Ykd a&SUaejzpfygonf/ pmwefonf ,HMk unforl sm;udk bk&m;ocifa&SUü aomoljzpfonf (2ay?1;4)/ xkaYd Mumifh xdo k \ l toufwmonf aumif;rGeaf p
aeYnOfrh jywftjypfwifaeaomoljzpfygonf/ þodYk pmwefu ,HMk unforl sm;udk &ef BuKd ;pm;touf&iS o f nft
h ay: wGif t"durwnfyg/ tb,fah Mumifq h akd omf
bk&m;ocifa&SUü aeYnOfhrjywf tjypfwifaeaomfvnf; c&pfawmfrSmrl uRef olonf topfaomowå0g? topfaompdwq f E´? topfaomoabm? topf
awmfwt Ykd wGuf þodYk umuG,af y;vsu&f ydS gonf/ ]]tzbk&m;? pmwef\ pGyf aom&nfreS ;f csuEf iS hf topfaomtoufwmaMumifh jzpfonf/ c&pf,meftouf
pGcJ suo f nf rSeyf gonf/ odaYk omfvnf; vlom;wdt Yk wGuf uReaf wmfonf tao wmonf toufwm\ topfaomvrf;r[kwb f J &Sijf yefxajrmufawmfral om
cHNy;D taoG;jzifh aq;aMumcJyh gNy/D tjypf\ tcudv k nf; tuket f pifay;qyf c&pfawmf\toufwmudk a0cGcJ pH m;&efjzpfygonf (a&m?5;10)/ a,½Ic&pfonf
cJNh y;D cJyh gNy/D ]]xdaYk Mumifh tMuifow l oYkd nf a,½Itm;jzifh bk&m;ociftxHawmf uReaf wmfwt Ykd xJü touf&iS o f uJo
h Ykd uReaf wmfwo Ykd nfvnf; c&pfawmftxJ
odYk csO;f uyfMu\/ xdo k wl \ Ykd trIukd ud, k af wmfonf apmifv h suf umvtpOf ü touf&Sif&ef bk&m;ociftvdkawmf&Sdygonf (*?2;20)/
touf&iS af omaMumifh olwu Ykd kd tpOfu,fwifjcif;iSg wwfEikd af wmfr\ l }} (a[NA?J
7;25)/ a,½Ic&pfonf avmuod<Yk uvmí tedrq fh ;kH aomvl? qd;k oGr;f npfnrf;
11/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh AwdåZHjcif;
aomol? tjypfü epfreG ;f aeolrsm;udk u,fwifaMumif;owif;aumif;ajym&mü
c&pf,mefwpfO;D onf u,fwifjcif;rqH;k ½H;I Edik yf g/ tb,fah Mumifq h akd omf
þusr;f yd'k u f kd uReaf wmfwrYdk MumcP toH;k jyKavh&ydS gonf/ c&pfawmftm;jzifh
oef&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf c&pfawmf\ udk,fcE¨mxJodkY AwdåZHcHaom
bk&m;ocifxH csO;f uyfow l ikd ;f udk jynfph pkH mG u,fwifaMumif;udk þusr;f yd'k u f
aMumifjh zpfygonf (1aum?12;13)/ xdo k ol nf c&pfawmfEiS w hf pfpw
d w
f pf0n d mOf
rSefuefpGm azmfjyay;vuf&Sdygonf/ tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf ocifa,½Ionf
wnf;tjzpf wnf&Sdaeonf(1aum? 6;17)/ uRefawmfwdkYonf c&pfawmf\
tNrJtouf&Sifí vlom;rsm;udk tpOfu,fwifEdkifaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/
t*Fgrsm;jzpfMuonf (1aum?6;15)/ uReaf wmfwo Ykd nf c&pfawmf\ud, k t f *Fg
tHb h , G af omu,fwif&iS Ef iS hf tHb h ,G af om u,fwifjcif;ü 0rf;ajrmufpmG aus;Zl;
rsm;? tom;awmf t½d;k awmfrsm;jzpfMuonf ({?5;30)/ tu,fí c&pfawmf
awmfcsD;rGrf;MuygpdkY/
qH;k ½H;I ygu uReaf wmfwv Ydk nf; qH;k ½H;I Edik yf gonf/ c&pfawmfonf rqH;k ½H;I Ekid af om
aMumif uReaf wmfwv Ykd nf; rqH;k ½H;I Edik yf g/ uReaf wmfwo Ykd nf c&pfawmfEiS f pyfqikd f
10/ 0dnmOfawmfü arG;zGm;jcif; olrsm;jzpfMuonf (oD? 6 ;3)/
c&pf,mefwpfO;D onf u,fwifjcif;rqH;k ½H;I Edik yf g/ taMumif;rSm bk&m;
ocifbmG ;awmfral om om;jzpfaomaMumifjh zpfonf (a,m?1;13)/ tjypfom;
12/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfwHqdyfcwfjcif;
wpfO;D onf tjypfüepfreG ;f aeaomfvnf; 0dnmOfawmfü arG;zGm;jcif; wzefc&H
c&pf,mefwpfOD;onf rqHk;½HI;Edkifyg/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf a&G;Ekwf
vQif olonf c&pfawmfü topfaomowå0gjzpfvmonf (2aum? 5;17)/
awmfrjl cif;aeY&ufumvwdik af tmif oef&Y iS ;f aom 0dnmOfawmf\ wHqyd cf wfjcif;
olonf bk&m;ocif\om;jzpfvmonf (a,m?1;12) om;rSefvQif tarGcH?
udk cH&aomaMumifh jzpfygonf({?4;30)/ olonf 'kp½du k uf jkd yKonfwikd f oef&Y iS ;f
ocifa,½IESifhtwl tarGcHoljzpfonf (a&m?8;17)/ bk&m;yuwdudkqufqH
 32

aom 0dnmOfawmfwq H yd cf wfjcif;rS uif;vGwjf cif;r&Sb

d J ocifa,½I,MkH unfol jcif;odkY a&mufEdkifygonf/ u,fwifjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\NyD;jynfhpHkaom
rsm; brf;qD;onfumvwdik f oef&Y iS ;f aom 0dnmOfawmfwq H yd cf wfjcif;udk cH& vkyfaqmifcsuftay:vHk;0rlwnfaomaMumifh bk&m;ocifudk csD;ajr§muf&ay
ygonf/ olonf tjypfujkd yKro d nft h cg 0dnmOfawmfukd 0rf;enf;apNy;D 0dnmOf rnf/ xdrk Qru tjypfom;rsm;udk txHawmfoYkd aoG;aqmifEikd Nf y;D uyfurÇmukef
awmf\ wefc;kd qH;k ½H;I &ygonf/ odaYk omf xdo k o
l nf 0dnmOfawmfq;kH ½H;I jcif;r&Syd g/ onfwikd f a<u;aMumfEikd yf gonf/ xm0&vHjk cKH pw
d cf srMI o0g'udk jiif;y,faomol
Oyrm Edik if aH wmftpd;k &tzGUJ onf pm&Gupf mwrf;wpfcw k iG f Edik if aH wmf rsm;onf uReaf wmfwYkd a0iSaom txufazmfjyygor®musr;f wGif ygaom usr;f
wHqyd u f kd cwfEydS v
f ukd yf gu xdpk m&Gupf mwrf;onf tpd;k &\ tmrcHcsuu f kd &&Sd udk;usrf;um; (12)csufudk ysufpD;jcif;yifjzpfygonf/ þodkY vkyfaqmifEdkif&ef
ygonf/ xdak Mumift h pd;k &ESihf ywfoufaom Xmeqdik &f mtm;vH;k onf Edik if aH wmf twGuf c&pf,mefwpfO;D onf tjypfaMumifh u,fwifjcif;udk qH;k ½H;I Edik o f nf[k
wHqyd w f ;Hk \ tmPmatmufwiG f &SMd uygonf/ Edik if aH wmftpd;k &tzGUJ onf tmr olwo Ydk ifMum;em;vnfxm;aom or®musr;f rS usr;f yd'k f (85)yd'k u f kd ud;k um;jyK
cHcsufay;onftwdkif; vkyfaqmifcsufrsm; ysufuGufaumif; ysufuGufygvdrfh wwfMuonf/ þusrf;csufrsm;onf uRefawmfwdkY avhvmaomt&mrsm;ESifh
rnf/ odaYk omf bk&m;ocif\vkyaf qmifcsuo f nf rnfonft h cgrQ ysuu f u G jf cif; qufpyfrIKr&Sdyg/ r&ifhusufaom,HkMunfolrsm;twGufrSm rSm;,Gif;aom oGef
r&Sdyg/ tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf bk&m;ocifonf bk&m;jzpfawmfrlaomaMumifh oifcsufudkjzpfaponf/
jzpfonf/ i&Jou Ykd sxu kd o
f t
l jypfom;wpfO;D onf aemifw&í oli,fuo hJ Ykd c&pf aus;Zl;awmfqHk;½HI;jcif;ESifh ywfoufí þusrf;csufrsm;udk oifMum;
awmfudk toufwmü,HkMunfvufcHvQif xdktcsdefydkif;wGif;üyif c&pfawmf\ jcif;onf tajctjrpfr&Sdaom awG;awmjcif;yifjzpfayonf/ or®musrf;udk
thbH ,G af om u,fwifjcif;udk cH&ygonf/ c&pfawmfonf rdrt d m; u,fwifEikd f avhvmaomtcg rSefuefpGm avhvmjcif;ESifhrSm;,Gif;pGm avhvmjcif;[lí
onf[k ,HkMunfaomtcsdefwGifyif xdkolonf a&G;Ekwfjcif;aeY&ufumvwdkif enf;vrf;ESprf sKd ;&Syd gonf/ rSeu f efpmG avhvmjcif;enf;rSm ½d;k om;yGiv hf if;aom
bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfwHqdyfcwfjcif;udkcH&onf/ ESv;Hk ESif BuKd wifBu&H , G cf surf ygbJ avhvmjcif;jzpfonf/ okjYd zpfí xdo k aYkd vhvm
oltm; 0dnmOfawmfonf or®musrf;w&m;udk rSefuefpGm ydkif;jcm;od&SdEdkif&ef
vrf;nTeaf y;onf/ rSm;,Gi;f aomenf;rSm rdr\ d ud,k yf ikd x
f ifjrifcsujf zifh Mo0g'
ul;ajymif;jcif;
wpfcu k kd csrwS Nf y;D usr;f pmoGeo f ifruI kd rdrw
d \Ykd tawG;tac:jzifh pOf;pm;qif
jcifvsuf usrf;pmydk'frsm;jzifh udk;um;azmfjyvkyfaqmifjcif;jzpfygonf/
u,fwifjcif;onf bk&m;\ tydkif;r[kwfvQif aus;Zl;awmftmjzifh
u,fwifjcif;odkYra&mufEdkifyg/ bk&m;ocif\ NyD;jynfhpHkaom vkyfaqmifcsuf
rsKd ;aphBuaJ om ol\ Oyrm teuft"dymÜ ,f
tay: vHk;0rwnfvQif tjypfom;twGuf tm;udk pdwfcsjcif;r&Sdaom tzdk;
rwefaom u,fwifjcif; tykdif;jzpfygonf/ r? 13 onf ,ckrsuaf rsmufumvwGif ta&;ygaom tcef;Bu;D wpf
ckjzpfonf/ r? 13 wGif yg&Sad om Oyrm ckEpS rf sKd ;udk rSeu
f efpmG oabmayguf
u,fwifjcif;onf bk&m;tydik ;f jzpfygu aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh u,fwif
 33

jcif;onf "r®opfusr;f wGif yg0ifaomMo0g'tm;vH;k twGuf ausmaxmufaemuf toD;roD;Edkif[k qdkvdkownf;/ aumif;aomajrü taphudkBuJjcif;taMumif;
cHudk odjrifapjcif;yifjzpfonf/ t&mum;? w&m;pum;udMk um;í ESv;kH oGi;f ojzif?h tqoH;k q,f tqajcmuf
rsKd ;aphBuo
J l Oyrmudk ocifa,½Iu &Si;f vif;azmfjyxm;onf/ ocif q,f? tqw&myGm;rsm;í toD;oD;wwfonf[k qdkvdkownf;[k rdefYawmf
a,½Iukd ,HMk unfoEl iS hf ocifa,½Iukd &,lyikd q f ikd o f ul kd &Si;f vif;pGm cGjJ cm;azmfjy rl\}} (r? 13; 18-23)/
xm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ ocifa,½Ionf Oyrmpum;rsm;udk >rufqdkawmfrlonf txufyg usr;f yd'k t
f & uREyfk w
f Ykd avhvmod&&dS onfrmS {0Ha*vdw&m;
rSm- ]]rsKd ;aphMuaJ omolonf rsKd ;aphBujJ cif;iSg xGuo f mG ;\/ taphuBkd uo J nfwiG f (0g) EIwfuywfawmfwnf;[laom rsdK;aphonf ajrav;rsdK;tay:oufa&muf
tcsKd Uaom taphwo Ykd nf vrf;ü usojzifh iSuw f o Ykd nf vmí aumufpm;Mu\/ onft h wGuf rwlnaD om tusKd ;qufav;rsKd ;&So d nf/
tcsdKUaom taphwdkYonf ajrenf;í ausmufaygrsm;aom t&yfüusojzifh? (1) tcsKd Uaom rsKd ;aphonf vrf;üusonf/
ajrwdraf omaMumifh csujf cif;tyifaygufaomfvnf;? aexGuaf omtcg ylavmif
(2) tcsKd Uaom rsKd ;aphwo
Ydk nf ajrenf;í ausmufaygrsm;aomt&yfüusonf/
onfjzpfí tjrpfrpGaJ omaMumifh n§Kd ;EGr;f ysupf ;D jcif;odaYk &mufMu\/ tcsKd Uaom
(3) tcsKd Uaom rsKd ;aphwo
Ydk nf ql;yifww
dYk iG f usonf/
taphwdkYonf ql;yifwdkYwGifusojzifh ql;yifwdkYonf BuD;yGm;í n§Of;qJMu\/
tcsKd Uaomtaphwo Ykd nf aumif;aomajrüusojzifh tqoH;k q,f? tqajcmuf (4) tcsKd Uaom rsKd ;aphwo
Ydk nf aumif;aomajrü usonf/
q,f? tqw&myGm;rsm;í toD;oD;Mu\/ Mum;p&mem;&Sad omolrnfonfum; (1) þavmuwGif rsm;pGmaomolwo Ykd nf ocifa,½Ic&pf\ {0Ha*vdw&mudk
Mum;ygap[k rdeaYf wmfr\ l (r?13;3-9)/ þOyrm\ teuft"dymÜ ,fukd ocif rMum;em&aomaMumifh c&pf,mefrjzpfMuyg/ tcsKd Uolrsm;wdo Yk nf c&pfawmf
a,½Iu, kd af wmfwikd f zGi[ hf rdeMYf um;xm;Ny;D jzpfaomaMumifh uReaf wmfwYkd jyefqkd \ {0Ha*vdw&m;udk Mum;em&aomfvnf; pmwefonf olw\ Ykd ESv;kH xJwiG f
&efrvdkawmhyg/ pdu
k yf sKd ;xm;aom EIwu f ywfawmfrsKd ;aphukd EIw,
f al omaMumifh c&pf,mef
]]rsdK;aphBuJaomol\ Oyrmteuft"dyÜm,fudk em;axmifMuavmh/ rjzpfEikd Mf uyg/ xdo
k w
l oYkd nf rnfonft h cgrQ xm0&touf&jcif;r&S/d c&pf
vrf;ü taphukd BujJ cif;taMumif;t&mum;? Edik if aH wmf\ w&m;pum;udk Mum;í awmfudk ,HkMunfjcif;r&SdMuay/
ESv;kH roGi;f onf&adS omf ewfq;kd vmí ESv;kH üBuaJ om taphukd EIw,
f wl wfonf[k (2) ausmufaygrsm;aom t&yfüusaom rsdK;aph[lonfrSm c&pf,meftjzpf
qdkvdkownf;/ ausmufaygaomt&yfü taphudkBuJjcif;taMumif;t&mum;? ,HMk unfaomfvnf; bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfjzifh 'kw, d arG;jcif;r&SMd uyg/
w&m;pum;udk Mum;í 0rf;ajrmufaompdwEf iS hf csujf cif;cH,al omfvnf;? pdwEf v S ;kH olwo Ykd nf tjyifoP²meftm;jzifh c&pf,mefjzpfaMumif;jyNy;D EIwu f ywfawmf
ü tjrpfrpGcJ Pomwnfojzifh w&m;pum;aMumifh trItcif;ESihf n§O;f qJjcif;udk udk tay:,Htm;jzifh 0rf;ajrmufpmG vufcMH uonf/ olwo Ykd nf Ni;D wGm;atmf
cH&aomtcg csujf cif;azmufjyefwwfonf[k qdv k o
kd wnf;/ ql;yifwwYdk iG f taph [pfvsuw f pfywf? wpfv? odrYk [kwEf pS af ygif;rsm;pGm ukev f eG o
f nftxd
udBk ujJ cif;taMumif;t&mum; w&m;pum;udMk um;í avmuDtrIü pd;k &drjf cif;ESihf bk&m;om;jzpfaMumif; tay:,HoufaoxlMuonf/ olw\ Ykd ,HMk unfjcif;
pnf;pdrOf pöm\ vSnphf m;jcif;onf w&m;pum;udk vTr;f rd;k n§O;f qJwwfaomaMumifh onf todOmPfrQom(acgif;tod),HMk unfí ESv;kH om;rajymif;vJ? touf
 34

wm ajymif;jcif;r&SdMuay/ pdrOf pöm\ vSnphf m;jcif;onf xdo k w l uYkd kd vGr;f rd;k n§O;f qJxm;aomaMumifh toD;r
olwo Ykd nf bk&m;ocifu¤kd if;? c&pfawmfu¤kd if; ppfreS pf mG rodjrifMu oD;jzpf&ygonf/ olwo Ykd nf 'kw, d arG;zGm;jcif;cH&Ny;D jzpfaomfvnf; olwüYkd &Sd
ao;ay/ olwo Ykd nf bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfü arG;zGm;jcif;r&S?d c&pfawmfü oifo h nftwdik ;f aus;Zl;awmfüBu;D xGm;jcif; r&SMd uyg/ olwo Ykd nf bk&m;ocif
topfaom owå0gr[kwMf uay/ xkaYd Mumifh pHpk rf;aESmif, h u S jf cif; trsKd ;rsKd ;ESihf ESit hf wl pGjJ rw
J ufvrS ;f jcif;r&S/d 0dnmOfoabmESit hf ouf&iS &f rnft h pm; Zmwd
awGUBuKH aomtcg tjypf'pk ½du k jf yKí bk&m;ocifukd ausmcdik ;f Muonf/ olwo Ykd nf oabmjzift h ouf&iS af omc&pf,mefrsm;jzpfMuonf/ olwo Ykd nf a&T? aiG? ausmuf
bk&m;ocif\u,fEw I jf cif;rcH&aomaMumifh u,fwifjcif;odv Yk nf; ra&mufEikd f aumif;wkdYjzifh wnfaqmuf&rnfhtpm; jrufyif? aumuf½dk;? opfom;wkdYjzifh
yg/ xdu k o hJ aYkd omvlrsm;pGmudk w&m;a[mq&mrsm;pGmonf awGUjrifMuygonf/ wnfaqmufaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ xdo k w
l \ Ykd vkyaf qmifrrI sm;onf rD;avmif
olwo Ydk nf c&pf,mefwpfa,muftjzpf bk&m;ausmif;wufjcif;? ½d;k om;ajzmifh uRr;f í ysupf ;D ouJo h jYkd zpfaomfvnf; u,fwifjcif;odaYk &mufvrd rfh nf[k usr;f pmü
rwfpGmtouf&Sifjcif;? toif;awmf\vkyf&Sm;rIrsm;wGif opöm&SdpGmyg0ifjcif;? azmfjyyg&Syd gonf (1aum? 3;12)/ 'kw, d OyrmESihf wwd,Oyrmudk uReaf wmf
q,fbw Ykd pfbx Ykd nf0h ifjcif;? qkawmif;yXmemjyKjcif;? bk&m;0wfjyKjcif;? w&m;a' wdkY rcGJjcm;Edkifaomfvnf; bk&m;ocifomvQif rdrdydkifqdkifaomoludk odEdkifyg
oema[mMum;jcif;rsm;yif jyKMuaomfvnf; bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfü arG; onf/ r? 13;30 wGifvnf; awmyifESifhpyg;yifOyrmudk a,½Ic&pfrdefY>ruf
zGm;jcif;rcH&ao;yg/ olw\ Ykd ,kMH unfjcif;onf OD;aESmuftodomjzpfí pdwEf v S ;kH cJyh gonf/ pyg;&dwo f nfu h mvwdik af tmif xdt k yifEpS rf sKd ;wko Yd nf twlBu;D yGm;
ü pGJNrJjcif;r&SdaomaMumifh c&pfawmfü owå0gopfr[kwfMuyg/ pHkprf;aESmifh ayvdrfhrnf/
,Sujf cif;ESihf BuKH awGUaomtcg rcdik rf Nrb J J c&pfawmfukd ausmcdik ;f oGm;Muonf/ (4) pwkw¦Oyrmum; aumif;aomajrü usaomrsdK;aphyifjzpfonf/ xdktaph
þtcsuu f olwo Ykd nf u,fwifjcif; wpfcgrQrcH&ao;aMumif; azmfjyonf/ onf tqoH;k q,f? tqajcmufq,f? tqwpf&myGm;rsm;í toD;oD;aMumif;
u,fwifjcif;a&mufNyD;aom olwpfOD;taeESifh pHkprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif; awGU&onf/ ,HMk unfot l m;vH;k onf wpfypkH w H nf;jzifh wd;k wufBu;D yGm;jcif;&SMd u
zdp;D rIc&H aomfvnf; qufvufí avQmufvrS ;f aeayonf/ xdo k o
l nf vJaomf rnfr[kwyf g/ tb,fah Mumifq h akd omf ,HMk unfotl m;vH;k 0dnmOfawmfjynf0h rI rwl
vnf; qHk;½HI;jcif;ra&mufEdkifyg/ u,fwifjcif;a&mufNyD;olonf ayw½kuJhodkY nDEdkifMuaomaMumifhjzpfygonf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf toD;oD;jcif;? roD;jcif;
c&pfawmfukd jiif;qdEk ikd af omfvnf; aMuuG0J rf;enf;rI&u
dS m aemifw&ayvdrrfh nf/ tay:rSm rlwnfNy;D u,fEw I jf cif;cH&rnfr[kw/f odaYk omf u,fEw I jf cif;cH&ol
c&pf,meftoufwm\tpyxrwGif tm;enf;pGmtpjyKonf[k txifc&H aom onf toD;oD;&ayrnf/ uReaf wmfwo Ykd nf aumif;aomvkyaf qmifcsuaf Mumifh
olrsm;onf aemifwiG f ckid Nf raJ om c&pf,mefrsm;tjzpfoYkd ajymif;vJvmNy;D twm; u,fwifjcif;odkYa&mufjcif;r[kwf/ u,fwifEdkifaom ,HkMunfjcif;&Sdjcif;jzifh
tqD;trsKd ;rsKd ;udk ausmjf zwfvsuf bk&m;bufü rSeu f efpmG &yfwnfvmMuonf/ aumif;aomvkyaf qmifcsurf sm; ay:xGuEf ikd yf gonf/ aumif;aomtvkyaf qmif
csurf ay:xGuEf ikd af om ,HMk unfjcif;onf taojzpfonf/ xdo k aYkd om ,HMk unf
(3) wwd,Oyrmu ql;yifwdkYwGif usaomtaphtaMumiff; azmfjyxm;onf/
jcif;rsKd ;onf uReaf wmfwuYkd kd ru,fwifEikd yf g/
xdo
k w
l o
Ykd nf u,fwifjcif;a&mufNy;D aomfvnf; avmuDtrIüpd;k &drjf cif;? pnf;
"r®opfusr;f ü wnfMunfcikd Nf rMJ u&rnf[k azmfjyxm;csurf sm;jynfEh u
S f
 35

vsu&f o dS nf/ Asm? 2? 3 ü atmifjriforl sm;twGuu f wdawmfrsm; ay;xm;yg vuf0g;uyfwikd rf mS uGyrf suí
f toa&awmfukd ½Iwcf saomoljzpfaomaMumifh
onf/ rdbonf rdrdom;orD;rsm;tm; usef;rmoefpGrf;ap&eftvdk&SdouJhodkY aemufwzef aemifw&tHhaomiSg topfjyKjyifjcif;odkY ra&mufEdkifMu}}/
bk&m;ocifonfvnf; uReaf wmfwt Ykd m; cGet f m;&Sjd cif;? wnfMunfNrNJ rjH cif;? atmif txufyg usrf;ydk'fESifh ywfoufí trsdK;rsdK;t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkMuonf/
jrifaomc&pf,mefrsm;jzpfapvdkygonf/ uav;i,fwpfOD;onf csdeJYzsm;emjzpf xm0&vHjk cKH pw
d cf sru I kd r,HMk unfow l u
Ykd vlwpfO;D onf u,fwifjcif;a&mufNy;D
aeapumrl xdt k &maMumifh rdom;pkpm&if;xJrS xkwyf ,fjcif;r&Syd g/ aumif;rGef olonf tjypf'pk ½du k uf jkd yKryd gu ol\ u,fwifjcif;qH;k ½H;I vsuf xm0&qH;k ½H;I
aomrdbjzpfvQif xdo k aYkd om om;i,ftm; txl;*½kpu kd u
f ok ay;rnfjzpfonf/ jcif;odYk a&mufrnf[k oGeo f ifMuonf/ þod, Yk MkH unfjcif;udk rpOf;pm;bJ ½kwf
bk&m;ocifonfvnf; ol\om;orD;rsm;tm; xdo k yYkd if jyKpak yvdrrhf nf/ bk&m; w&ufvufrcHEikd yf g/ or®musr;f uvnf; xdo k rYdk ajymxm;yg/ tu,fí vl wpf
ocif\tMut H pnfyif uREyfk w f o
Ydk nf c&pfawmf\Bu;D &ifah om yrmPtwdik ;f a,mufonf tjypf'kp½dkufudkjyKí u,fwifjcif;qHk;½HI;ygonf[k vufcHygu
Bu;D xGm;Mubk&Yd ef jzpfayonf/ uReaf wmfwo Ydk nf a&GUavsmjh cif;? tjypfüvJus xdo
k ol nf xyfrí H u,fwifjcif;odYk ra&mufEikd yf g/ xdx k m0&pdwcf sru
I kd r,HMk unf
vsuf 'kp½du k u
f jkd yKro
d nft h cg uReaf wmfw\ Ykd vkyaf qmifcsuaf Mumifh bk&m;ocif olrsm;u þokv Yd ufrcHbJ u,fwifjcif;qH;k ½H;I onft h cgwdik ;f u,fwifjcif;xyf
\ pdwu f 0kd rf;enf;apaomfvnf; uReaf wmfwu Ykd o
kd \l rdom;pkpm&if;rS y,fEw I f rHí &&Sdvdkaom tcGifhta&;udk &vdkMuonf/ a[NAJusrf;a&;om;oltaeESifh
jcif;rjyKyg/ a&GUavsmhazmufjyefonf&Sdaomf aemufwzefaemifw&tHhaomiSg topfjyKjyif
uREyfk w
f o
Ykd nf u,fwifjcif;a&mufonft
h &mudk vGrJ mS ;pGmrSw,
f jl cif;r jcif;odrYk a&mufEikd Mf u[k azmfjyxm;aomfvnf; rl&if;bmompum;wGif a&GUavsmh
jyK&rnftaMumif; usr;f pmüowday;xm;ygonf/ oifonf u,fwifjcif;a&muf azmufjyefNyD;ol[k azmfjyxm;ygonf/
ra&mufodEdkifonf(2wd? 1;12)/ bk&m;ocifuvnf; oifhudk odapvdkonf a[NA?J 6;4-6 ü azmfjyxm;onfh a&GUavsmah zmufjyefaomolwo Ykd nf
(1a,m? 5; 13)/ 'kw, d arG;jcif;trSe&f Ny;D olrsm;udk qdv k jkd cif;r[kw/f olwo
Ykd nf u,fwifjcif;wpf
cgrQra&mufao;aomfvnf; ocifa,½Iukd ,kMH unfonf[k 0efc½H o kH m&So
d nf/
a&GUavsmah zmufjyefrnfqv
kd Qif xdkolwkdYonf c&pf,meftoufwmudk aumif;pGmtpjyKcJhMuaomfvnf; pHkprf;
aESmif,h uS jf cif;? qif;&J'u
k B© uKH awGUvmonft h cg aemufqw k o
f mG ;Muonf/ olwYkd
c&pf,mefwpfOD;onf tjypfjyKrdygu u,fwifjcif;qHk;½HI;oGm;onf[l
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k o f wl Ykd ,HMk unfot l jzpf 0efcx H m;&mrS aoGz,fumvJusomG ;jcif;jzifh xdo k l
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wdkYonf wpfBudrfrQ 'kwd,arG;jcif;rcH&ao;aMumif; odomxif&Sm;ayonf/
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 36

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 37

igwkaYd jymp&mpum;trsm;&S\ d / odaYk omfvnf; oifwo Ykd nf OmPfEeI af omaMumifh a&mufwwf\/ þodaYk jymaomfvnf; cspo f w l ?Ykd oifwo Ykd nf u,fwifjcif;ESihf
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 38

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 39

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kd af y/ raumif;aom tavhtusifhudk y,fzsufum c&pfawmfudk ,HkMunfonf[k
xdaYk Mumifh tjypfom;rsm;tm; c&pfawmfukd vufcaH pNy;D toufwmajymif;vJ 0efcHjcif;? bk&m;ausmif;oGm;NyD; AwdåZHcHjcif;ponfh bk&m;om;wpfa,muf\
jcif;r&Sbd J rdrtd oufwmudk vpfvLS ½Ium aovGev f Qif aumif;uifbakH &muf tjyifyef;vu©Pmrsm;&Sdaomfvnf; oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfjzifh arG;zGm;jcif;
rnf[laom Mo0g'onf or®musrf;ESifhrnDyg/ rcH&ao;yg/ or®musr;f u npfnL;aom ewfonf xdo k x l jH yefaomtcg xdk
bk&m;om;jzpfaMumif;udk yHkoufaoray:vGifaomc&pf,mefrsm;udk tdrof nf okwo f ifjyifqifvsu&f o dS nfukd awGUaomf [k qdx k m;onf/ xdo k \ l
uReaf wmfawGUbl;ygonf/ vGecf ahJ omESpaf ygif;(30)cefu Y bk&m;ausmif;ESihf quf ESvHk;wGif bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfpdk;rdk;jcif; r&Sdjcif;udk qdkvdkjcif;jzpfygonf/
oG,cf o
hJ jzifh rdru
d , kd u
f kd c&pf,mefjzpfonf[x
k ifrw
S Mf uaomfvnf; aemufyikd ;f ü rdrx
d ufomí npfnL;aom ewfq;kd (7)a,mufukd ac:Ny;D vQif xdv k xl 0J ifí
bk&m;0wfjyKpnf;a0;odkY oGm;a&mufjcif;r&Sd/ usrf;pmzwfqkawmif;jcif;r&Sd? aeMu\/ xdo k \
l aemufjzpf[efonf a&SUjzpf[efxufomí qd;k onf/ þonf
c&pfawmftwGuf oufaocHjcif;r&SdjzpfMuonf/ txufygc&pf,meftouf rSm trnfcHc&pf,mefrsm;\ awGUBuHK&aom tjypfrsm;yifjzpfygonf/ b0
wmaumif;aomtusifhrsm;jyKojzifh c&pf,mefwpfa,mufrjzpfvmaomfvnf; toufwmajymif;vJjcif;r&SdaomaMumifh bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmf pdk;rdk;xdef;
c&pf , mef w pf O D ; jzpf v mvQif ol \ touf w mü yH k o uf a oaumif ; jy&ef uGyrf rI cH&aomtcg rdrw d \ Ykd toufwmonf pmwef\aoG;aqmifru I kd qd;k 0g;
vdkayonf/ pGmcH&ayrnf/

tcsnf;ESD;aomajymif;vJjyKjyifjcif; 4/ ½HI;aomol
]]npfnL;aomewfonf vlxJuxGufvQif ajcmufuyfaomt&yfwkdYü ]]ajrwvif;ü NyKd ií
f ajy;Muaomoltaygif;wdo
Yk nf NyKd ií
f ajy;Muaomf
vnfí Nird o
f ufjcif;udk &Smwwf\/ rawGUvQif igonf xGucf ahJ om aeNrt
J rd f vnf; wpfa,mufwnf;omvQif qku&kd onf[k oifwrYkd odMuoavm/ qkukd
 40

&rnftaMumif;ajy;Muavmh/ yGJüNydKifí tcsif;csif;wdkufaomolrnfonfum; u tjypfukd 0efcsjcif;r&Sad omtoufwmü Bu;D xGm;jcif;? pdwEf v S ;kH cdik rf mjcif;?
t&m&mü wyfrufjcif;udk csKyw f nf;wwf\/ xdo k w l o
Ykd nf n§Kd ;EGr;f rysupf ;D Edik f tcsdKUrSm pdk;&drfylyefjcif;ESifhjynfh0aejcif;wdkYaMumifh bk&m;ocif\toHk;jyKjcif;
aom yef;OD;&pfukd &jcif;tvdik gS jyKMu\/ igwdrYk u l m; rndK§ ;EGr;f rysupf ;D Edik af om udk rcH&ay/ bk&m;ocifESifhtpOfavQmufvSrf;vsuf rdwfo[m,&Sdaeaom
yef;OD;&pfukd &jcif;tvdik gS jyKMu\/ xdaYk Mumifh igajy;aomtcg trSww f rJah jy; bk&m;ocif\ tapcHonf txufygylyefjcif;? pdk;&drfjcif;pdwfrsm;&Sd&ef rvdk
onfr[kw/f vufa0SUowfaomtcg tmumoaumif;uifuo kd m xk;d í owf tyfaomfvnf; xdo k o
l nf bk&m;ocif\ tvdak wmfEiS rhf nDaMumif; ol\trI
onfr[kw?f olwpfyg;udk qH;k rNy;D rS ud, k w
f ikd rf ½H;I aomolrjzpf&rnftaMumif; aqmif&u G jf cif;udv
k nf; bk&m;ocif\ tvdak wmfukd rnDaMumif; ol\ trI
ud,
k uf xkd ;kd í EdyS pf ufavh&\
dS }} (1aum? 9;24-27)/ aqmif&Gufjcif;udkvnf; bk&m;ocifaumif;BuD;ay;rnfr[kwfawmhaMumif;udk
txufazmfjyygusrf;ydk'frsm;udk tay:,Htaejzifh Munfhrnfqdkygu pdk;&drfylyef&ef vdktyfonf/ Zmwdoabmjzifh touf&SifoGm;vmcJhonfht&m
&Sifaygvkonf ol\u,fwifjcif; qHk;½HI;oGm;rnfudk pdk;&drfaeonf[k xif& tvHk;pHkonf c&pfawmf\w&m;yv’ifa&SUw&m;pD&if&mü uRrf;avmifoGm;rnf
ayrnf/ odaYk omf þusr;f yd'k t f m;vH;k onf u,fwifjcif;ESirhf ywfoufbJ qkv'f jzpfonf/ odaYk omf rD;ESiv hf w
G o f uJoh Ykd olonf u,fwifjcif;odYk a&mufvrd rhf nf
ESifhomqdkifaMumif; azmfjyxm;jcif;omjzpfygonf/ ]]qkudk&rnftaMumif; [k or®musr;f u &Si;f vif;pGm azmfjyxm;ygonf (1aum? 3;15)/
ajy;Muavmh}}[laom pmom;onf u,fwifjcif;ESirhf oufqikd yf g/ u,fwifjcif;
onfajy;í &,lEikd af omt&mr[kw k ?f bk&m;ociftcrJah y;aom qkaus;Zl;yif yGJawmfr*FvmESifhqdkifaomtjypfpD&ifjcif;
jzpfygonf/ qkv'frmS vkyaf qmifjcif;jzif&h &So d nf/ xkaYd Mumifh u,fwifjcif;ESihf
]]taMumif;rlum; oifwdkYü igtyfay;aomt&mudk ocifbk&m;xHü
qkv'fukd cGjJ cm;odjrifEikd rf o
S m tjcm;cufco J nft
h &mrsm;udk &Si;f vif;pGm ydik ;f
igcH&Ny/D cH&aomt&m[lru l m; ocifa,½Ionf &efov l ufot
Ykd yfEjHS cif;udk cH
jcm;Edkifrnfjzpfonf/
aomaeYnrSm rkefYudk,lí aus;Zl;awmfudk csD;rGrf;NyD;rS rkefYudkzJhí þrkefYum;
&Sifaygvkonf c&pfawmf\ tapcHwpfa,muftaeESifh rdrdudk,fudk oifwt Ydk bdtYk vdik gS csKd ;zJah om ig\ud, k jf zpf\/ ,lípm;Muavmh/ ighuakd tmuf
ESrd chf spmG azmfjyxm;jcif;rSm ol\remcHaom toufwm? 0efrcHaomtjypfrsm; arhb&Ykd m þodjYk yKMuavmh[rk ed aYf wmfr\ l / xdek nf;wl npmpm;Ny;D rS cGuu f v
kd nf;
aMumifh bk&m;ocif\ trIawmfjrwfukd aqmif&u G &f ef oifah vsmjf cif;r&Srd nfukd ,lí þcGuu f m; ig\taoG;üwnfaom y#dnmOfw&m;opfjzpf\/ þcGuu f kd
pdk;&drfaompdwfaMumifhjzpfygonf/ &maygif;rsm;pGmaom 'kwd,arG;zGm;jcif;cH& aomufaomtcgcg ighudkatmufarhbkdY&m aomufMuavmh[k rdefYawmfrl\/
onfh yk*d¾Kvfrsm;onf aumif;rGefjcif;? ½dk;om;jcif;rsm;&Sdaomfvnf; taMumif; taMumif;rlum;? oifwo Ykd nf xdrk ek u
Yf pkd m;í xdck u G u
f akd omufaomtcgcg? ocif
trsdK;rsdK;aMumifh bk&m;ociftapudkcH,lEdkif&ef roifhavsmfbJ ab;z,fxm; bk&m;taocHawmfrljcif;udk <uvmawmfrrlrSDwdkifatmif jyMu\/ xdkYaMumifh
jcif;udk cH&aMumif;oufaoom"ursm;&Sdygonf/ tcsdKUaom yk*d¾Kvfrsm;onf ocifb&k m;\ rkeEYf iS chf u G u f kd rxdu k rf wefbJ pm;aomufaomolrnfonfum;
bk&m;ocif\rSeu f efaom aemufvu kd rf sm;tjzpf yg0if&eftwGuf ay;qyfjcif; ocifb&k m;\ ud, k af wmfEiS t hf aoG;awmfukd jypfrmS ;&ma&muf\/ odjYk zpfí vlwikd ;f
toufwmr&Sb d ?J &vdak om qE´om&Sad ejcif;aMumif¤h if;? tcsKd Uaom yk*K¾d vrf sm;
 41

ud,k uf ukd ,
kd f ppfaMumNy;D rS rkeu
Yf pkd m;ap/ taMumif;rlum;? rxdu k rf wefbJ pm; ,HMk unfí aovGeaf om olukd qdv k ykd gonf/ 1a,m? 5;16 ü ]]aojypfoifah om
aomufaomolonf ocifb&k m;\ ud, k af wmfukd ydik ;f jcm;í rodaomaMumifh 'kp½duk &f \
dS / xd'k pk ½du
k t
f jypfukd vTwaf pjcif;iSg qkawmif;&rnf[k igrqd?k }} [k
rdrdtay:odkY tjypfa&mufapjcif;iSg pm;aomufaomoljzpf\/ xdktaMumif; qdxk m;&m aus;Zl;awmfukd em;rvnfaomolwu Ykd bk&m;om;rsm;onf bk&m;
aMumifh oifww Ydk iG f tm;enf;aomolruse;f rmaomoltrsm;&SMd u\/ aoaom ocifukd qeYu f siv f suf 'kp½du
k jf yKro
d nft h wGuf bk&m;ocifonf olwUkd udk i&Jü
oltrsm;vnf;&SMd u\/ igwdo Yk nf ud, k uf ukd ,kd f ppfaMumpD&ifvQi?f ppfaMumpD&if xm0&tjypf'Pf usa&mufaprnf[k vTJrSm;pGm em;vnfMuonf/
jcif;awmfrljcif;ESifh uif;vGwfMuvdrfhrnf/ ppfaMumpD&ifawmfrljcif;cH&Muaom bk&m;ocif\ om;onf tjypf'pk ½du k jf yKryd gu bk&m;ocifxrH rd t d jypf
tcg avmuDom;wdEYk iS t hf wl tjypfp&D ifjcif;ESihf uif;vGwrf nftaMumif; qH;k udk 0efcsawmif;yefvsuf bk&m;ocifESifhrdó[m,zGJUEdkifaom tcGifhta&;&Sd
rawmfrjl cif;udk cH&Mu\/ xdaYk Mumifh ighnt D pfuw kd Ykd oifwo Ydk nf pm;tHah omiSg ygonf(1a,m? 1;9)/ tu,fí f tjypfu0kd efcsjcif;r&Syd gu bk&m;ocif\ qH;k r
pnf;a0;aomtcg tcsi;f csi;f wpfa,mufuw kd pfa,mufiv hH ifMh uavmh/ wpfpkH jcif;udk cH&rnfjzpfonf (a[? 12;7)/ bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfukd oabm
wpfa,mufaomolonf qmrGwv f Qif oifwo Ydk nf tjypfcv H suf rpnf;a0;ap aygufem;rvnfaomolrsm;u bk&m;ocifonf tjypfjyKrad om rdro d m;rsm;udk
jcif;iSg xdkolonf rdrdtdrfü pm;ap/ <uif;aomtrIrsm;udk igvmaomtcg i&Jü xm0&usaprnf[k rSm;,Gi;f pGm ,HMk unfMuonf/ bk&m;ocif qH;k rjcif;udk
pD&ifrnf}} (1aum? 11;23-34)/ cH&aombk&m;ocif\om;onf bk&m;a&SUawmfwiG f rdru d ,
kd u
f kd ESrd chf sjcif; tjypf
txufygusr;f csut f & uREyfk wf o Ykd nf ocifb&k m;\ yGaJ wmfr*Fvmudk udk0efcHjcif;jzifh bk&m;ocifESifhjyefvnfí rdó[m,zGJU&ygrnf/ bk&m;ocif
rxdu k rf wefbJ pm;aomufygu i&Jü tpOftjypfp&D ifjcif; cH&rnf[k tcsKd Uu onf rdr\ d om;t&mü &Sad omolukd i&JorYkd csyg/ aumif;uifEikd if aH wmfoo Ykd m
oGeo f ifazmfjyxm;csuu f kd uREyfk w
f rYkd awGU&yg/ uif;*srd ;f bmomjyefqckd suw f iG f ac:aqmifrnfjzpfygonf/
]]tjypfp&D ifjcif;}} (judgment)[laompum;tpm; ]]tjypfwifciG &hf jdS cif;}} (con- avmurdbrsm;onf rdrdom;rsm;udk cspfonfxuf bk&m;ocifonf
demned) [kk qDavsmp f mG bmomjyefqo kd ifah yonf/ xdaYk Mumifh ,HMk unfoo l nf uReaf wmfu h kd ydí
k cspyf gonf/ uReaf wmfwdYk tjypf'pk ½du k jf yKryd gu bk&m;ocif
ocifbk&m;\ rkefYESifhcGufudk rxdkufrwefbJ aomufpm;vQif bk&m;ocif\ onf uReaf wmfwt Ydk m; tjypfrvky&f ef owday;ygonf/ uReaf wmfwo Ykd nf tjypf
ppfaMumjcif;(od)Yk qH;k rjcif;udk cHMu&ayrnf/ tcef;i,f (30)ü rdrpd w d Ef vS ;kH ü 'kp½du
k wf iG f epfjrKyaf eaomfvnf; bk&m;ocifonf uReaf wmfwu Ykd kd i&JoYkd cs&ef
tjypf0efcsjcif; r&SdbJ yGJawmfr*Fvm0ifpm;jcif;jzifh c&pf,mefrsm;pGmonf qE´r&Syd g/ tb,fah Mumifq h akd omf uReaf wmfwo
Ykd nf bk&m;ocif\om;jzpfaom
tm;enf;í rusef;rmjcif;jzpfonf/ wzefqufí ]]aoaomoltrsm;vnf; aMumifh jzpfonf/ a,½Ic&pfawmfonf uReaf wmfwt Ykd jypfaMumifh um;wdik af y:
&SMd u\}} [k azmfjyxm; onf/ ]]aoaomoltrsm;}} (many sleep) [kajymqd&k mü wGif taocHcNhJ y;D jzpfí ,HMk unforl sm;onf tjypfp&D ifjcif;rS vGwu f if;jcif;&&Sd
ocifb&k m;\ rkeEYf iS chf uG u f kd rxdu
k rf wefbJ pm;aomufaomolonf i&Jxm0& ygonf/
pD&ifjcif;cH&rnf[k rqdkvdkay/ udk,fcE¨maojcif;? c&pfawmfütdyfaysmfjcif;udk
qdkvdkonf/ 1ouf? 4;13 ü vnf; ]]tdyfaysmfol}} [k qdk&mü c&pfawmfudk
 42

aus;Zl;w&m;rS a&GUavsmjh cif; olwdkYonf ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfjcif;odkYa&mufaomolrsm;

bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfjzifh 'kwd,arG;jcif;cH&olrsm;? a,½Ic&pfü vlopf
rsm;jzpfNy;D aumif;uifbokH 0Ykd ifpm;Murnfo
h rl sm; jzpfMuaomfvnf; ynwfw&m;
6/ ]]ynwfw&m;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwf&modkYa&muforQaom oifwkdYonf
atmufü touf&iS af omaMumifh aus;Zl;awmfw&m;rS a&GUavsmah om c&pf,mef
c&pfawmfEiS hf uGmí aus;Zl;w&m;ürwnf? a&GUavsmMh uNy}D } (*vm?5; 4)/
rsm;tjzpfodkY a&mufoGm;Muygonf/
txufygusr;f yd'k t f & uReaf wmfwo Ykd nf aus;Zl;w&m;rS a&GUavsmo h mG ;
rsm;pGmaomc&pf,mefrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh 'kw, d arG;jcif;udk
EdkifaMumif; usrf;pmu &Sif;vif;pGm oGefoifxm;onf[k tcsdKUaomolrsm;u
cHNy;D aomfvnf; ynwfw&m;ESiphf yfqikd af om or®mw&m;udrk odojzifh aeY&uf
ajymqkMd uonf/ rSeyf gonf/ usr;f pmu uReaf wmfwo Ydk nf aus;Zl;w&m;rS a&GU
wkuYd akd pmifjh cif;(Oyrm we*FaEGaeYonf omíjrwfonf[k xifrw S v f suf xdak eY
avsmo h mG ;Edik af Mumif; oGeo f ifxm;ygonf/ &Siaf ygvku *vmwdjynf&dS oef&Y iS ;f
udk ½dak ojcif;)? tpm;taomufukd a&Smifjcif;? rdru d ,
kd u
f kd csKd ;jcjH cif; ponfwu Ykd kd
olrsm;tm; olwo Ykd nf aus;Zl;w&m;ü rwnf? a&GUavsmah Mumif; ajymqdx k m;
jyKvsuf ynwfw&m;atmufoYkd a&mufMu&onf/ olwo Ykd nf bk&m;ocif &Sad p
ygonf/ þtcsuu f *vmwdjynf&dS ,HMk unforl sm;onf tjypf'pk ½du k jf yKro
d nfh
vdo k nfh tqift h wef;odrYk a&muf? 0dnmOfa&;&mü Eke,faom uav;oli,f
twGuf u,fwifjcif;qH;k ½H;I u i&Jü xm0&pD&ifjcif;cH&rnf[k qdv k jkd cif; r[kwf
t&G,rf mS yif &Sad eMuonf/ aus;Zl;w&m;\ Bu;D jrwfjcif;udk rod? bk&m; ocif\
yg/ txufyg usr;f yd'k u f kd avhvmonft h cg *vmwdjynf&dS ,HMk unforl sm;tm;
eufeaJ om t&mwdu Yk rkd od? c&pfawmfü oli,frsm;jzpfMuonf/
aygvka[mMum;aom w&m;tvH;k pHu k kd jyefí avhvm&efvykd gonf/
*vm? 5;1 ü ]]xkaYd Mumifh c&pfawmfonf igwdu Yk kd vTwaf wmfral om
vTwjf cif;tcGiühf wnfaeojzifh uRecf &H mxrf;bd;k udk xrf;í csnaf ESmifjcif;udk pyspfEG,fyifESifh tcufrsm;
wzefrcHMuESifh}} aygvk a&;om;cJhygonf/ *vmwdjynf&Sd,HkMunfolrsm;onf ]]igonfreS af om pyspEf , G yf ifjzpf\/ ighcrnf;awmfonfvnf; O,smOf
tjcm;aom,HMk unforl sm;uJo h yYkd if ,HMk unfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifrh wfjcif;odaYk &muf apmifjh zpfawmfr\ l / igü toD;roD;aomtcuf&o dS rQwu Ydk dk omí oD;apjcif;iSg
Muolrsm;jzpfaomfvnf; ,ckynwfatmufodkY jyefvnf0ifa&mufMuonf/ okwo f if&iS ;f vif;awmfr\ l / oifwo Ydk nf iga[majymaom pum;tm;jzifh ,ck
olwdkYonf aus;Zl;w&m;atmufür&Sd? ynwfw&m;atmufü touf&Sifu yif &Si;f vif;vsu&f MdS u\/ igü wnfaeMuavmh/ igonfvnf; oifwüYdk wnf
ynwfw&mm;udkusifhjcif;? ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;wdkYudk jyKvkyfMuonf/ xkdYaMumifh aernf/ pyspcf ufonf tyifü rwnfvQif toD;roD;Edik Mf u/ igonf pyspEf , G f
aygvku olwo Ydk nf aus;Zl;w&m;rS a&GUavsmMh uonf[k qdx k m;ygonf/ qdv k kd yifjzpf\/ oifwo dYk nf tcufrsm;jzpfMu\/ tMuifoo l nf igüwnfí igonf
onfrmS olwo Ykd nf aus;Zl;w&m;udak usmcdik ;f Ny;D ynwfw&m;ü jyefvnftouf vnf; olüwnf\/ xdo k o l nf rsm;pGmaomtoD;udk odwwf\/ igESihf uGmvQif
&Sijf cif;jzpfonf/ rsm;pGmaom c&pf,mefrsm;onf aus;Zl;w&m;udk em;rvnf oifwo Ydk nf tb,ftrIurkd Q rwwfEikd Mf u/ igürwnfaomolonf aoGaY jcmuf
bJ ynwfw&m;atmufü touf&iS v f suaf eMuonf/ aomtcufuo hJ Ykd jyifoyYkd pfvukd jf cif;udck &H \/ xdo
k aYkd om tcufrsm;udk vlwo Ykd nf
 43
pkodrf;í rD;xJodkYcsvdkufMuojzifh rD;avmifjcif;odkYa&mufMu\/ oifwdkUonf ]]igürwnfaomolonf aoGUajcmufaomtcufuo hJ ?Ykd jyifoYkd ypfvu
kd f
igüwnfí ighpum;onf oifwkdYüwnfvQif oifwdkYonf awmif;csiforQudk jcif;udkcH&\/ xdkodkYaomtcufrsm;udk vlwdkYonf pkodrf;í rD;xJodkYcsvdkufMu
awmif;í &Muvdrrfh nf}} (a,m[ef? 15; 1-7)/ ojzifh rD;avmifjcif;odYk a&mufMu\}}(a,m? 15;6)/ c&pf,mefwpfO;D onf c&pf
txufygusrf;ydk'ft& a,½Ic&pfonf u,fwifjcif;taMumif;udk awmfürwnfvQif olonf aoGUajcmufaomtoufjzpfrnf/ rsm;pGmaomtoif;
a[majymaejcif;r[kwb f J toD;oD;aom toufwmtaMumif;udo k m a[majym awmfrsm;ü aoGUajcmufaomc&pf,mefrsm;ESio hf m jynfah eygonf/ c&pfawmfu
aMumif; &Si;f vif;pGmodxm;bdv Yk ykd gonf/ c&pfawmfü wnfjcif;tm;jzifh u,fwif vlwdkYonf pkodrf;í rD;xJodYkcsvdkufMuojzifh rD;avmifjcif;odkYa&mufMu\[k
jcif;odkYra&mufEdkif/ odkYaomf toD;oD;aom toufwmtwGuf c&pfawmfü rdeq
Yf xkd m;ygonf/ þtcsuEf iS yhf wfoufí toD;roD;aomc&pf,mefrsm;onf
wnf&efvdkayonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf c&pfawmfü&SdNyD;jzpf½Hkomru aeYpOfc&pf i&JodkYcsjcif;cH&rnf[k rSm;,Gif;pGmoGefoifwwfMuonf/ or®musrf;u þodkY
awmfü wnf&efvdkayonf/ aygvku {zuftoif;awmftm; ]],HkMunfjcif; rqdx k m;yg/ bk&m;om;jzpfou l kd i&JocYkd srnfr[kwyf g/ ]]xdek nf;wl urÇmtqH;k
tm;jzifh c&pfawmfonf oifwpYkd w d Ef vS ;kH txJü used ;f 0yfawmfrrl nftaMumif;}} ü aumif;uifwrefwkdYonf qif;vmNyD;vQif ajzmifhrwfaomolwdkYtxJrS qdk;
qkawmif;ay;cJhygonf({?3;17)/ c&pfawmfonf {zufNrdKU&Sd oefY&Sif;olrsm;\ aomolwu Ykd kd EIw,
f cl x
JG m;í idak <u;jcif;? tHomG ;cJBuw d jf cif;&S&d m rD;zdük csMu
pdwfESvHk;ü usdef;0yfouJhodkY olwdkYonfvnf; c&pfawmfü wnf&SdaeMuonf/ vwåHU}} (r? 13;49-50)/
]]wnfonf}}[laom pum;\ t"dymÜ ,frmS c&pfawmfonf pdwEf v S ;kH xJü aetdrf
tjzpf ude;f 0yfjcif;jzpfonf/ tcsKd Uaom ,HMk unforl sm;onf c&pfawmfukd vufcH oabFmay:üaejcif;
Muaomfvnf; c&pfawmfonf olwt Ydk oufwmü tkypf ;kd jcif;r&S?d {nfo h nfuohJ Ykd ]]aygvku þolwo Ykd nf oabFmay:üraevQif oifwo Ydk nf csr;f om
jzpfaeonf/ odjYk zpfí c&pfawmfonf olwpYkd w d Ef v
S ;kH ü t&Siof ciftjzpf tkyf r&Edik Mf u[k wyfrLS ;rSpí ppfo&l w J t
Ykd m;qd\ k }} (w?27;31)/ tcsKd Uu txufyg
pd;k bk&Yd ef vdak yonf/ odrYk o
S m c&pfawmf\ toufwmudk uREyfk w f oYkd nf vufawGU usr;f yd'k u
f kd ud;k um;vsuf uReaf wmfwo Ykd nf c&pfawmfü rwnfvQif u,fwif
cHpm;&rnf/ jcif;ra&mufEikd [ f q
k Mkd uonf/ þusr;f yd'k üf csr;f om&olrsm;onf 0dnmOfu,f
]]igü toD;roD;aom tcuf&o dS rQwuYkd kd ckwyf pfawmfr\
l }}(a,m? 15;2)/ wifjcif;&oludk rqdkvdkyg/ a&epfysufpD;jcif;rS vGwfajrmufcsrf;om&olrsm;udk
þusr;f yd'k uf kd oabmrayguforl sm;u uReaf wmfwo Ykd nf toD;roD;ygu ao qdkvkdaMumif; xif&Sm;aeygonf/
aomtcg i&JocYkd sjcif;cH&rnf[k ,HMk unfMuonf/ þ,HMk unfjcif;onf or®m csr;f om&olrsm;onf oabFmtay:ae&onf/ odrYk [kwyf gu a&epf
usrf;ESifh udkufnDrIr&Sdyg/ uRefawmfwkdYonf toD;oD;jcif;jzifh u,fwifjcif; qHk;½HI;Murnf/ xdkenf;wl c&pfawmfü rwnfvQif ysufpD;jcif;odkYa&mufrnf[k
odkYra&mufEkdifyg/ c&pfawmfudk vufcH&&Sdjcif;jzifhom u,fwifjcif;odkYa&muf yHak qmifjcif;r[kwyf g/ aem{oabFmomvQif c&pfawmfukd yHak qmifonf/ aem
Edik yf gonf/ uReaf wmfwaYkd vhvmod&cdS &hJ onft h wdik ;f c&pfawmfü wnf&jdS cif;jzifh {ESirhf od m;pkonf oabFmxJo0Ykd ifNy;D aomtcg bk&m;ocifonf oabFmwHcg;udk
c&pfawmf\bkef;toa& xif&Sm;aponfh 0dnmOftoD;oD;vmayrnf/ ydwaf omaMumifh jyefírxGuEf ikd yf g (u? 7; 16)/
 44

u,fwifjcif;cH&olrsm;jzpfonf[k rqdkxm;yg (ti,f 20?21)/

rSm;,Gi;f pGmoGeo
f iforl sm; ]]acG;onf rdrt
d efzwfukd jyefípm;\/ 0ufonfvnf; aq;Ny;D rS &TUH wGif
toufwmajymif;vJjcif;r&S?d rSm;,Gi;f pGmoGeo f ifaomq&mrsm;u usr;f vl;jyef\}} (ti,f 22) [k azmfjyxm;csuo f nf xm0&vHjk cKH pw
d cf srMI o0g'udk
yd'k t
f csKd Uudk ,lvsuf 'kw,
d arG;jcif;&Ny;D ol bk&m;om;wpfO;D onf tjypfjyKryd gu oGeof ifxm;jcif;r[kw/f or®musr;f pmü c&pf,mefwpfO;D udk acG;(od)Yk 0uftjzpf
u,fwifjcif;qHk;½HI;oGm;onf[laom Mo0g'udk vufcHaMumif; tHhMopGmawGU&Sd &nfnTef;az:jyxm;jcif;rawGU&/
&ygonf/ usr;f pmu ]]0dnmOfawmfonf twnft h vif;Asm'dwx f m;awmfro l nf a[NAJ? 12;17 wGif azmfjyxm;aom usrf;ydk'fudkvnf; xm0&vHkjcHK
um; aemifumvü MowåypÜ w d w f iG f oHyEl iS hf cwfjcif;udck NH y;D vQif rkompum;udk pdwfcsrIr&Sd? Mo0g'twGuf rSm;,Gif;pGm oufaoxlMuonf/ ]]oifwdkYodonf
ajymwwfaom olwdkY\ vQdKU0Sufjcif;tm;jzifh vltcsdKUwdkYonf ,HkMunfjcif;udk twdik ;f {aomonf aemufraS umif;Bu;D r*Fvmudk tarGcjH cif;iSg tvd&k adS omtcg
pGeyYf ,fí vSnjhf zm;wwfaom pdw0f n d mOfwüYkd ¤if;? ewfb&k m;wdEYk iS phf yfqikd af om jiif;y,fjcif;udk cH&\/ rsu&f nfusí aumif;Bu;D r*Fvmudk tvGe&f mS aomfvnf;
Mo0g'wdüYk ¤if;? rD0S q
J nf;uyfMuvdrrfh nf}}/ r*Fvmaqmifjcif;trIukd rjyK&[lí rdrt d b\ pdwaf jymif;vJjcif;tcGiu hf kd rawGU&}}/ þusr;f yd'k wf pfy'kd u
f o
kd m avh
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wuG oHk;bkdY&mbk&m;ocif zefqif;awmfrlaom tpmrsdK;udk a&Smif&rnf[lí ocif\jiif;y,fjcif;udk cH&onf[k oGeo f ifxm;ouJo h Ykd xifrw
S &f ygonf/ odYk
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olwo Ykd nf bk&m;ocifukd ,HMk unfaMumif;0efcNH y;D EIwu f ywfawmf\ rSeaf om awGUjrif&ygonf/ {aomonf rw&m;aomarxkefü rSD0JNyD; npfnL;aom
oGefoifcsufudk jiif;y,fMuonf/ þtcsufu c&pf,mefwpfOD;onf ol\ yk*K¾d vjf zpfaMumif;awGU&ygonf/ xkaYd Mumifh þusr;f yd'k o
f nf 'kw, d arG;zGm;jcif;
u,fwifjcif;qHk;½HI;Edkifonf[k r,lEdkifyg/ cH&Ny;D aom ,HMk unforl sm;udk qdv
k í kd a&;om;xm;jcif;r[kwaf Mumif; xif&mS ;
wzef 2ay? 2;15-22 t& c&pf,mefwpfOD;onf tjypfjyKrdygu vSayonf/
u,fwifjcif;qH;k ½H;I rnf[k oufaojyud;k um;aMumif;awGU&onf/ xdo k Ykd ,ljcif; uReaf wmfwo
Ykd nf bk&m;ociftm; jiif;y,fvQif -
onf rSm;,Gi;f pGmoGeo f ifjcif;jzpfonf/ þusr;f yd'k o
f nf rSm;,Gi;f pGm oGeo f if ]]opömpum;[lru l m; xdo k cifEiS t
hf wlaovQif twl&iS vf rd rhf nf? onf;cH
ol (rdpmä ya&mzuf) taMumif;udk xif&mS ;pGm azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ þusr;f yd'k u f vQif xdo
k cifEiS thf wl pd;k pHvrd rhf nf? xdo
k cifukd igwdo
Yk nf jiif;y,fvQif igwdu Yk kd
olwdkYonf ajzmifhrwfaom vrf;xJrSxGufí vGJoGm;ojzifh aAmfaomf\om; jiif;y,fawmfrvl rd rhf nf/ igwdo Yk nf r,HMk unfaomfvnf; xko d cifonf opöm
Amvrf\ vrf;udk vdu k Mf u\[k qdx k m;ygonf/ olwo Ykd nf xnf0gaom Bu;D jrwf wnfojzifh ud, k u f kd jiif;y,fawmfrrlEikd f (2wd? 2; 11-13)/
aompum;udk ajymwwfMuaomfvnf; bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh arG;
txufygusrf;ydk'ft& ]]xdkocifudk igwdkYonf jiif;y,fvQif igwdkYudk
zGm;jcif;r&SMd uao;yg/ c&pfawmftaMumif; "r®ynm? EIwu f ywfawmfü azmfjy
jiif;y,fawmfrv
l rd rhf nf}} [laom azmfjycsuu
f akd wGU&onf/ þtcsuo
f nf c&pf
xm;onfh or®mw&m;rsm;pGmudk odxm;Muaomfvnf; xdt k csuu
f olwo Ykd nf
 45

awmfu ]]tMuifoo l nf vlwaYkd &SUrSm ighukd 0efct H /hH aumif;uifbükH &Sad om igh
crnf;awmfa&SUrSm xdkoludk ig0efcHrnf/ tMuifolonf vlwdkYa&SUrSm ighudk toufpmapmif
jiif;y,ft?hH aumif;uifbükH &Sad om ighcrnf;awmfa&SUrSm xdo k ul kd igjiif;y,frnf}}
toufpmapmiftaMumif;udk Asm'dwu f sr;f ü (7)Burd ?f zd? 4;3 ü wpfBurd f
róJ?10;32 [laom tcsut f ay: tajccHxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ wrefawmfayg
az:jyxm;ygonf/ Asm'dwf 3; 5ü ]]xdo k \ l emrudk toufpmapmifrS igonf
vkuvnf; ]]oifonfocifa,½Iudk EIwfjzifh 0efcHí bk&m;ocifudk olYudk
tvsO;f racs/ ighcrnf;awmfa&SUü¤if;? aumif;uifwrefawmfa&SUü¤if; ol\emr
aojcif;rS xajrmufapawmfrNl y[ D k pdwEf v
S ;kH xJü ,HMk unfvQif u,fwifjcif;odYk
udk ig0efcrH nf}} [k az:jyxm;ygonf/ xm0&vHNk cKH ru I kd r,HMk unfaomolrsm;u
a&mufvdrfhrnf/ ajzmifhrwf&modkYa&mufjcif;iSg pdwfESvHk;jzifh ,HkMunf&\/
c&pf,mefwpfO;D \emrnfukd toufpmapmifrS acszsuí f &onf[k qdMk uonf/
u,fwifjcif;odaYk &mufjcif;iSg EIwjf zif0h efc&H \}} (a&m?10;9-10)[k qufvuf
xdok aYkd wG;awmjcif;onf xifjrif,q l csuo f mvQif jzpfygonf/ or®musr;f pmu
azmfjyxm;onf/ vlwpfO;D onf bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfü arG;zGm;jcif;trSef
xdo
k Ykd rqdx k m;yg/ txufygusr;f yd'k \ f qdvk &kd if;udok rd w
S yf gu uReaf wmfwo Ykd nf
cH&vQif olwpfyg;a&SUü c&pfawmfESifh ol\pum;udk &SufaevQif c&pfawmf
c&pfawmfü xm0&vHNk cKH pw d cf sr½I adS Mumif; aumif;aompdwcf srI ½S&d rnf/ ol\
onfvnf; uReaf wmfwu Ykd kd &Suaf wmfrrl nf (rm? 8;38)/
emrnfudk toufpmapmifrS tvsOf;rEIwfy,faMumif; tvm;qifwlaz:jy
c&pfawmfukd jiif;y,f&mwGif ayw½konf aumif;aom Oyrm yk*K¾d vf xm;csuu f kd a,m? 6; 37-40ü avhvmawGU&S&d ygonf/
wpfO;D jzpfonf/ ayw½konf c&pfawmfukd jiif;y,frnfjzpfaMumif; c&pfawmf
a½S;tcgu tpd;k &rif;ESirhf oifjh rwfot l m; tjypf'PfrS vGwNf ird ;f csr;f omcGihf
BuKd wifajymxm;cJo h nf/ ]]pmwefonf *sKH qefcgESihf csouJo h Ykd pmwefonf oifu h kd
ray;Muyg/ wzef xdo k \l emrnfuv kd nf; rSwyf w kH ifpmtkyrf S acszsuí f Edik if oH m;
csrnftaMumif; tcGifhawmif;onfjzpfí oif\,HkMunfaom pdwfrysufap
tjzpfrS &yfqikd ;f vdu k yf gonf/ xdek nf;wlrsm;pGmaomvlrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\
jcif;iSg igonf oift h bdq Yk ak wmif;avNy}D } (vk?22;31-32)/ ayw½konf ocif
emrawmfaMumifh w&m;Z&yfrS ESix f w k jf cif;udk cHcMhJ u&ygonf/ &Siaf ,m[efc&pf
a,½Itm; jiif;y,faomtcsed yf ikd ;f wGif qk;H ½H;I jcif;odYk a&muf&onf [k tcsKd Uu
0ifusr;f tcef;Bu;D (9)wGif arG;puwnf;u rsupf u d ef;aomolwpfO;D onf ocif
,HMk unfvrd rhf nf/ okaYd omf ocifa,½Iu oif\,HMk unfaompdwrf ysuaf pjcif;
a,½Itm;jzifh rdrdrsufpdjyefjrifaMumif; oufaocHonfhtwGuf w&m;Z&yfrS
iSg igonf oift h bdYk qkawmif;avNy[ D k ayw½ktm; rdeq Yf x kd m;ygonf/ ayw½k
ESix f w k jf cif;cH&onfukd awGU&onf/ xdo k ul trd0rf;wGi;f uyif rsupf u d ef;aom
onf ocifa,½Itm; jiif;y,fjcif;onf olt Y m;enf;csuu f kd azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/
olukd rsuaf phjyefjrifjcif;iSg wwfEikd o f nfukd urÇmOD;rSpí rMum;pzl;/ xdo k o l nf
rdru d ,
kd u
f t
kd xifBu;D pdwcf sr&I adS om ayw½konf rdr\ d zdp;D ESyd pf ufjcif; cH&Ny;D
bk&m;ocifapvTwaf wmfral omolr[kwv f Qif tb,ftrIurkd Q rwwfEikd [ f ak jym
aemuf aemifwBu;D pGmESihf bk&m;ocifxH jyefvmygonf/ xked nf;wl uReaf wmf
qd\k / zg&d½w JS u Ykd oifonf arG;puyif wpfu, kd v f ;kH ü 'kp½du
k tf jypfpaJG omoljzpf
wkdY a&GUavsmah zmufjyefjcif;udk bk&m;ocifrw S af wmfrrlyg/ tb,faMumifq h akd omf
vsuEf iS hf igwdu Yk kd qH;k rygonfwum;[k ajymqdMk uNy;D vQif xdo k ul kd w&m;Z&yfrES iS f
aemifwESib hf &k m;ociftm; vH;k vH;k vsm;vsm;jyefí tm;ud;k rnft h csed u
f kd bk&m;
xkwMf u\(a,m? 9; 32-34)/ w&m;Z&yfrS ESix f w k jf cif;onf xdo k El iS t
hf qufjzwf
ocifapmifhaeaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
vdu k jf cif;jzpfonf/ xdo k ul kd w&m;Z&yfrES iS x hf w k af Mumif; ocifa,½IMum;vQif
 46

xdo
k El iS hf awGUqHv
k suf 0rf;ajrmufpmG rdwo
f [m,zGUJ Ny;D w&m;a[mMum;avonf/ xdxk uG af jrmufaomvrf;udk uReaf wmfwYkd &,l&rnfqo kd nft h csuo
f nf &mEIe;f
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racszsufyg/ aombk&m;jzpfaMumif; ½Siv f if;pGm az:jyxm;ygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf vTwjf cif;
]]tMuifolonf þpmapmif\tem*wdåpum;tcsKdUudk EIwfy,f\/ þpmapmif tcGiu hf akd y;aomfvnf; xdv
k wT jf cif;tcGiu
hf kd vufvw T qf ;kH ½IaH omolonf aMumuf
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k pl yfqikd f rufbG,faomtrIüom BuHKawGU&ygrnf(a[NAJ? 10;31)/ bk&m;ocifonf
aomtcGifhudk bk&m;ocifEIwfy,fawmfrlrnf}}(Asm? 22; 19)/ rdrdcspfaomom;orD;rsm;udk jyif;xefpGmqHk;raomfvnf; i&JodkYcs&ef pD&ifrnf
r[kwfyg/
txufygusrf;ydk'fudkvnf; tcsKdUu rSm;,Gif;pGm teufzGifhMuonf/
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J nf;uyfaom {0Ha*vd
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Edik af om tcGit
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k J
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qdx
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u,fwifjcif;odYk a&muf½ydS gu rdrMd um;emcJ&h aom {0Ha*vdw&m;udk ESv;kH xJü
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Ykd nf tjypfü qufvufepfreG ;f aevQif bk&m;
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k o kd o l nf
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rMumrSD arhaysmufvdkufygu 'kwd,arG;zGg;jcif;cH&olr[kwfao;aMumif;az:jy
(1aum? 6; 9-10)/ c&pf,meftoufwmudv k nf; NyKd iyf EJG iS Ehf iId ;f xm;Ny;D qku&kd rnfh
jcif;jzpfayonf/
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wnfMunfonf[kxifrSwfaomolrsm;udkvnf; rvJapjcif;iSg owdjyKbdkY tcsKdUaomolrsm;onf taMumif;wpfckckaMumifh c&pf,mefjzpfvmMu
½Siaf ygvku xyfro H wday;xm;ygonf(1aum? 10; 12)/ wzef ½Siaf ygvku Ny;D vlrsm;a½SUü jywfom;aom oufaocHcsurf awGU&yg/ vlrsm;tjrifr½Si;f aom
tHbh , G af omuwdawmfukd ay;xm;ygonf/ vlü jzpfwwfaom pHpk rf;aESmif, h u
S f ,HMk unforl sm;jzpfMuonf/ tusK;d rJah om,HMk unfjcif;½So
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jzpfí oifwdkYrcHEdkifaom pHkprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;udk oifwdkYü a&mufpdrfhaomiSg rpGNJ rb
J J OD;aESmufwiG o
f m odx k m;aom,HMk unfjcif;yifjzpfonf/ xd, k MkH unfjcif;
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 47

,HMk unfjcif;ü wnfrwnf rdru d ,

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rsm;pGmaomoifwo
Ykd nf[k trnfccH &pf,mefrsm;jzpfMuonf[ak jymqdjk cif;jzpfonf/ oifwdkYonfwnfaevQif oifwdkYjyKawmfrlaomaus;Zl;awmfudk¤if; þESpfyg;udk
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wnf;}} [k aygvka&;om;xm;onf(aum? 1;23)/ olwo Ykd nf ud,k w f ikd Mf um;&Ny;D c&pf,mefwpfO;D udk qdv k jkd cif;r[kwyf g/ *sL;vlrsK;d rsm;onf ¤if;wd\ Yk r,HMk unfrI
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jcif;ESiw
hf uG NrNJ rpH mG ,HMk unfMuvQi[
f lí az:jyxm;onf/ qdv k okd nfrmS aum azgufjyefygu ckwv f jJS cif;udk cH&ayrnf/ aemufwzef tpöa&;vlrsK;d rsm;onf
avmoJNrKd Uü ½daS om,HMk unforl sm;onf bk&m;ocif\om;rsm;jzpfaMumif; quf jyefvnfpdkufysKd;jcif;tcGifh &Murnf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf t,lazgufjyefaom
vufaz:jytouf½iS &f efjzpfonf/ tu,fí olwo Ykd nfa&GUavsmah zgufjyefygu toif;awmfumvü touf½SifaeMuygonf/ ppfrSefonfh c&pfawmf\udk,f
bk&m;ocifuo kd m,HMk unfNy;D bk&m;ocifuEkd v
S ;kH om;xJ t&,laomolrsm;r[kwf jzpfaom toif;awmfonf tcsed w f efí csaD qmifjcif;cH&aomtcg tpöa&;vl
aMumif; az:jyxm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ rsK;d rsm;jyefí aumif;cs;D r*FvmcHpm;í rlvaumif;pm;aombke;f toa&udk jyef
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f eG ;f Ed;I aqmfjcif;rsm;onf xdak cwfwiG f ta&;Bu;D vdt k yf
tm;jzifh touf½iS vf rd rhf nf/ odaYk omf a&GUavsmv
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tm;&ESpfoufjcif;r½Sd[k bk&m;ociftrdefYawmf½Sd\/igwdkYrlum; ysufpD;jcif;odkY emcHMu&ayrnf/ ]]xdaYk Mumifh igwdo Yk nf Mum;&aoma'oemudk rarhravsmrh nf
a&muftHhaomiSg a&GUavsmhaomolr[kwf/ pdwf0dnmOfonf u,fwifjcif;odkY taMumif; pdwEf v S ;kH ü omí rSwrf pd v JG ef;jcif;½S&d Murnf(a[NA?J 2; 1)/ þusr;f
a&muftHhaomiSg ,HkMunfaomoljzpfMu\/}} yd'k \
f owday;jcif;udk uReaf wmfwt Ykd m;vH;k vdu k ef mMu&ayrnf/ or®mw&m;udk
ocifa,½Ionf ,HMk unfaom ,k'vlwt Ykd m; ]]oifwo
Ykd nf ig\a'oem rodvQif uReaf wmfwo Ykd nf vG,u f pl mG a&GUavsmah zgufjyefwwfMuaomaMumifh
üwnfvQif ighwynft h rSejf zpfMu\}}(a,m? 8;31)[k rdeMYf um;xm;ygonf/ c&pf jzpfygonf/ c&pf,meftoufwmonf ppfajrjyifEiS hf wlygonf/ pmwefrm&fewf
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 48

qd;k rsm;udk ,SONf yKd i&f eftNrEJ ;kd Mum;ae&rnf/ xdaYk Mumifh bk&m;cifjyifqifxm;aom
t0wfwefqmud0k wfqifNy;D pmwefEiS ehf wfq;kd wd\ Yk y&d,m,fvn S phf m;jcif;wdu
Yk kd oifonf a,½Iu, kd MkH unfvufcNH y;D aemuf aus;Zl;awmft&mü¤if;? c&pf
ckc&H rnf/ xdo k Ykd ckcu
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ESit
hf wl tNraJ vQmufvrS ;f yg/ a'oEå&toif;awmfwpfyg;yg;ü yg0ifvsuf bk&m;
pm½Iow
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cspfvSpGmaom"r®rdwfaqG c&pfawmfudk rdrdtoufwm\u,fwif½Sif

tjzpfoifvufcjH cif;rjyKao;ygu (u,fwifjcif;twGuf aocsmrIr&Sad o;ygu)
,ckyif u,fwif½iS af ,½Ic&pfawmfukd rdr\ d tjypftwGuf u,fcRwaf y;aom
bk&m;tjzpfpdwfESvHk;xJü tjrefvufcHyg/ u,fwifjcif;pdwfcsrIudk rdrd\pdwf
cHpm;rItay: tajcrcHygESi/hf EIwu f ywfawmftay:üompdwcf syg/ ,k'?24ü
]]xdrí
d vJjcif;ESiuhf if;vGwaf prnftaMumif; oifwu Ykd kd apmifah ½Smufjcif;iSg¤if;?
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d J 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESihf jynfph v
kH su½f adS om oifwu Ykd kd bke;f toa&awmfü
qufojcif;iSg¤if; wwfEikd af wmfral omolwnf;[laom...}} [kaz:jyxm;onf/
oifonf om;awmfa,½Iukd ,HMk unfvufcv H Qif bk&m;om;jzpfrnf(a,m 1;12)/
þodYk ,HMk unfqak wmif;yg/
ocifa,½I uReaf wmf^usronf tjypfom;jzpfygonf/ ud, k af wmfukd
vdyk gonf/ a,½Ionf uREykf t f jypftwGuf vuf0g;uyfwikd af y:rSm taocHjcif;?
taoG;oGe;f jcif;? aoNy;D oH;k &ufajrmufaomaeYü aojcif;rS xajrmufcahJ Mumif;
,HkMunfygonf/ uRefawmftoufwmü udk,fawmf0ifa&muftkyfpdk;awmfrlyg/
udk,fawmfudk uRefawmf^usr\u,fwif½Siftjzpf ,ckvufcHyg\/ (tmrif)
49
50