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ျပည္ပေရာက္ ျမန္မာမ်ားႏွင့္ ေတြ႔ဆံု ခရီးသြားမွတ္တမ္း

၂၀၀၃ - ၂၀၀၉

ျမန္မာမ်ား ကမၻာအႏွ႔ံ ေရာက္ရွိေနေသာေျမပံု (Online လာေရာက္ၾကည့္သူ IP address)

မာတိကာ
အေၾကာင္းအရာ စာမ်က္ႏွာ
အေမရိကားျမန္မာမ်ား ၂၀၀၃ 01
မေလးရွားခရီးစဥ္ ၂၀၀၅ 12
ၾသစေၾတးလ်ား ပညာေရး 19
ၾသစေၾတလ်ား ျမန္မာဒိုင္ယာရီ ၂၀၀၆ 22
ျမန္မာလူမ်ိဳးစုအသံ၊ဆစ္ဒနီ (ယခု မိုးမခ) 27
တိုက်ိဳ၂၀၀၆ ႏွင့္ ျမန္မာအသိုင္းအ၀ိုင္း 28
မိုးေသာက္ၾကယ္ စာၾကည့္တိုက္ (တုိက်ိဳ) 38
ျမန္မာ စင္ကာပူရီယန္မ်ားအေၾကာင္း 41
လွ်ပ္တျပက္ ခ်င္းမိုင္ (ထိုင္းႏိုင္ငံ) 46
ျမန္မာ ကာစီႏို (ေရႊၾတိရိဂံ) 51
စင္ကာပူ ၂၀၀၆ ဆယ္ႏွစ္လ ဒိုင္ယာရီ 53
လမ္းျပၾကယ္စာၾကည့္တိုက္ (စင္ကာပူ) 77
အေမရိကန္ေရာက္ ျမန္မာမ်ား ႏွင့္ စင္ကာပူေရာက္ျမန္မာမ်ား 80
အေမရိကန္အဂၤလိပ္စကားေျပာ 87
၀တ္မႈန္ - 7 Months in America (2008 – 2009) 88

ေဆာင္းပါးမ်ားကို ေဖၚျပေပးေသာ မိုးမခမီဒီယာ၊ ေရႊျမန္မာမဂၢဇင္းး၊ မိဇၹိမစာေစာင္၊ ၊


ျမန္မာမိသားစုသတင္းဂ်ာနယ္၊ ၀တ္မႈန္ဘေလာက္ တို႔အာ အထူး ေက်းဇူးတင္ပါသည္။
Burmese Society in USA 2007 Page 1 of 11

e,la,muf/ 0g&Sifwef/ qefz&efppPudk (2003)


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Burmese Society in USA 2007 Page 2 of 11

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Burmese Society in USA 2007 Page 3 of 11

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Burmese Society in USA 2007 Page 4 of 11

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Burmese Society in USA 2007 Page 6 of 11

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Burmese Society in USA 2007 Page 7 of 11

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tar&duef&Sd jrefrmta=umif; odaumif;p&mrsm; www.monywa.org/usa.htm


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jrefrmawGvnf; renf;ygbl;?

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Burmese Society in USA 2007 Page 11 of 11

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KL Tower

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rSwcf su?f Exchange rate in June-2006
US$1.00 = 3.7 Ringgit & S$1.00 = 2.25 Ringgit., 1 Ringgit = 355 kyats.

Page 12
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Page 13
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Page 14
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Ru,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia udo k mG ;&ygw,f?

Page 15
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avmif;upm;vkyaf e=uwmjrif&ygw,f? &kyf0wWK edik if o H m;rsm; &Sad eoa&G@awmhvnf; tJ'D avmif;upm;
0goem&Siaf wGqu D aiGcsLpm;wJh umpDEadk wG urBmwnfoa&G@ tvkyjf zpfaeOD;rSmyg? rav;&Sm;rSmawmh Genting
High Land wckwnf;bJ umpDeKd avmif;upm;0dik ;f &Syd gw,f?

aygh 'pfuqif yifv,furf;ajc (Port Dickson Beach)


uGmvm vrfyleJ@ 1 em&Davmuf um;armif;oGm;&if aygh 'pfuqif yifv,furf;ajc udk a&mufygw,f? txl;ojzifh
uGmvmvrfyl jrdK@om;rsm; pae/ we*FaEGrmS vma&muf tyef;ajz =uygw,f? qvmbef qdw k Jh jrdK@=uD;wck
tem;rSm&Sdygw,f? yifv,furf;ajcu vSr;f =unfh&if rvum a&vuf=um;udk oabFmawG jzufae=uwm
jrif&ygw,f? at;at;/ aq;aq; yifv,furf;ajcrSm tem;,lvdkorl sm; twGuyf g?

rvumjrdK@/ yifv,furf;ajc ESifh ordik ;f 0ifjrdK@


17 &mpkrmS rvumrSm rav;apmfbmG ; pwifx;D eef;pd;k pHcjJh yD;/ ay:wl*w D dk@&Jh cHwyf jrdK@awmftjzpf ausm=f um;wJh
jrdK@uav;yg? a&S;a[mif; taqmuftODrsm;/ c&pf,ef bk&m;ausmif;rsm;udk txl; apmifah &Smuf xdr;f odr;f xm;jyD;/
urBmvSnfh c&D;onfrsm; awmfawmfrsm;rsm; vm=uygw,f? wk;d &pfpfrsm; edKufpaygh qdkwJh nydik ;f aysmpf &m uvyfrsm;/
urf;ajcwavsmufrmS tajrmuf trsm; awG@&ygw,f? urf;ajcwavsmufrSm 1 em&Davmuf vrf;avsmufomG ;jyD;
=unf&h if ordik ;f 0if/ tajrmuf/ &xm;/ taqmuftOD;/ yef;jcH rsm;pGmudk =unfjh rifedKifygw,f? qku d u
f m;
q&mrsm;uvnf; olwdk@ qdkuu f m;awGudk wd;k &pfpf rsm;pdw0f ifpm;atmif a=umifwad =umif=um; aq;cs,f
wefqmqifxm;wm &,fp&maumif;ovdyk gbJ?
yifv,furf;ajcuawmh a&u odyfraumif;ayrJ/h tyef;ajzolawG trsm;=uD;&Sdygw,f? a[mfw,f=uD; rsm;pGm;vnf;
awG@&ygw,f? armfawmfum;&yfae&m (Car Park) udk tar&duefrSm ,ckwidk fo;Hk aewJh ta=uGxnfhpepf twdik ;f
rvumjrdK@rSm xl;xl;jcm;jcm; &Sad eygw,f?

uifr&Ge;f [du
k v
f if; (Canmoron High Land)
wcsKd @ tcsed fydk&jyD;/ at;at; aq;aq; t=um=uD; tem;,lvo dk rl sm;uawmh uifr&Ge;f [du k fvif;
awmifwef;awGqrD Sm oGm; tem;,l=uygw,f? jrefrm rsm;uawmh tcsed f odyfr&awmh oGm;avh r&Sd=uygbl;?

Page 16
yDeefu|e;f ESifh a*smch sf awmif; ( Penan - George Town)
vGecf w Jh Jh 5 ESpaf vmufu yDeefjrdK@[m tm&Swu dk frSm taumif;qH;k jrdK@tjzpf at&Sm;0d r*~Zif;u a&G;cs,cf bJh ;l ygw,f?
av,mOfeJ@ yDeef;jrdK@udk vm&if yifv,f&,f/ awmifwef;&,f/ yDeef;u|e;f &,f/ jynfreJ@ qufxm;wJh tm&SrSm t&Snq f ;Hk
wHwm;=uD;&,fawGudk wjydKifwnf; jrif&wm xl;jcm;wJh jrifuiG ;f wckygbJ? t*Fvyd v f ufxuf jrefrmukeo f nf=uD;rsm;
oGm;vmukefuw l Jh jrdK@=uD;yg/ vlO;D a& 1oef;cGaJ vmuf aexdik =f uygw,f? 90 &mESH;k uawmh w&kyv f lrsKd ;awGygb?J
ESpaf ygi;f 200 jynfo h mG ;wJh jrefrm bke;f =uD;ausmif;[m yDeefjrdK@&Jh wd;k &pf rsm;t"du oGm;=unfw h Jh ae&mwckyg?
tvGeu f s,0f ef;wJh yef;jcH=uD;rSm bk&m;/ bke;f =uD;ausmif;/ a&uef/ bke;f =uD;pmoifausmif;/ jrefrm
bk&m;yef;csu D m;rsm;pGm&Sw d Jh bk&m;wefapmif;wef;/ Ak'j< rufpmG &kyfymG ;awmf =uD;rsm;/ &mZ0ifwifp&m jrefrmh
Ak'<bmomta=umif; ordik ;f 0if/ rsm;pGmudk yDeefrmS xdr;f odr;f jyoxm;ygw,f?
jrefrm bke;f awmf=uD;ausmif;ab;rSmawmh ESp1f 00 ausmo f ufwrf;&SdwJh ,d;k ',m; ausmif;wck&Sdygw,f? w&kyf
Kek Lok Si Buddhist Temple ausmif;uawmh ta&S@awmif tm&SrmS t=uD;qH;k Ak'a< usmif;awmfvdk@
ajym=uygw,f?

yDeefu|ef; ta&S@bufuawmh wuUov dk f taqmuftODrsm;eJ@ 'l;&if;jcHrsm;/ awmifwef;rsm; &Syd gw,f? &kuaQ A'
O,smOf (Botanical Garden) vnf; vSypGm&Sdygw,f? txl;ojzifh emrnfausmf Penang Hill yDeef;
awmifay:udk =udK;&xm;eJ@ wuf&ygw,f? &moDOwk ylcsdefrmS awmh =udK;&xm; pD;&wm =uyf=uyfeJ@ odyrf edyv f S ayrJ/h
awmifxyd af &mufomG ;awmh yDeefjrdK@udk awmifxdyaf y:u =unf&h wm wrsKd ;xl;jcm;vSygw,f? yDeefawmifxyd u f dk
armfawmfum;eJ@ wufvdk@vnf;&ygw,f? awmifxdyfrmS vnf; yef;O,smOfrsm;pGmudk awG&jyD;/ tajrmuf/ cHwyf jywdu k /f
jycef;awG/ pm;aomufqidk af wGvnf; &Sdygw,f?

Batu Ferringhi zm&rfuD yifv,furf;ajcuawmh awmfawmfav; vSyjyD;/ yifv,fa&u awmfawmfav;


oef@&Si;f ygw,f? urf;ajcudk yDeef;jrdK@uae oGm;&if awmifcyef; vrf;uaeoGm;&awmh &Sck if;awmfawmfaumif;ygw,f?
awmifatmufu &Snv f sm;wJh yifv,furf;ajc udjk rif&jyD;/ zm&rfuD a&mufawmhvnf; rsm;jym;vSwJh
a[mfw,frsm;udk tHrh cef;awG@&ygw,f? tyef;vmajzolawG bmvdk@ 'gavmufrsm;& ovm;vdk@ =uHzef
awG;rdygao;w,f? [dw k ,f =uD;wdik ;f &J@ aemufaz;u yifv,furf;ajcygb/J a&v$mavsmpD;/ avxD;pD;/ armfawmfbw k f
t=uD;/ tao;awG/ &Guaf vSawG pojzifh ydu k q
f aH y;jyD; pD;&wmrsdK; trsm;=uD;&Syd gw,f? nydik ;f rSmvnf; wd;k &pf
naps;wef;&Syd gw,f? um;awGwef;pD&yfjyD; um;awGu qdik fcef;b0 ajymif;oGm;jyD;/ aps;a&mif;yGjJ zpfomG ;w,f?
pm;aomufqidk af wGvnf; tvGefaygvyS gw,f?

yDeef;jrdK@rSmvnf; jrefrmpwd;k qdik rf sm;&Syd gw,f? aZ,smpwdk;qdik f (yDeef; qdik cf )GJ udkvnf;awG@&ygw,f?
oabFmqdyu f rf;qdak wmhvnf; jrefrm oabFmom; rsm;pGm cdek m;/ pcef;cs&m ae&mjzpfrmS yg? jrefrmpum;ajymoHrsm;udk
jrdK@xJa&mufcsed frmS wcsuw
f csuf =um;&ygw,f? pm;aomufqidk rf sm;rSm jrefrmrsm; tvkyv f ky=f uayrJh
uGmvmvefyal vmufawmh jrefrmrsm; jynfhr=uyfae=uyg? yDeef pufrv Sl kyif ef; rsm;pGmrSm jrefrm tvkyo
f rm; rsm;pGm/
tvkyv f ky=f uw,fvdk@ od&ygw,f?

yDeef;jrdK@udk urBmvSnfh c&D;onfrsm; =udKufEpS foufjcif; t"du tcsuu f awmh jrdK@cv H lrsm;[m
awmfawmfaz:a&G=uygw,f? &d;k om;/ at;aq;pGmae=ujyD; vlwidk ;f a&mif&h /J wif;wdrw f Jh yHpk H&=Sd uygw,f?
tulnaD wmif;&if jrefrmjynfu vlrsm;twdik ;f vdv k dkvm;vm; tulnaD y;=uygw,f? wd;k &pfpf qdjk yD; t=uHtzef
vkyfypfr,f/ &dwfypfvu dk fr,f/ qdw
k o
Jh abmrsdK;/ pdwxf m;rsKd ; rawG@&yg? 3 &ufr# aexdik pf Of/ yDeef jrdK@jyif w0ku d f
a&SmufomG ;cJhpOfuvnf;/ w&kypf um;rwwf/ rav;pum;rwwfol jrefrmvlrsdK;wOD; jzpfwJh pma&;olcjrm
vrf;aysmufczJh ;l ygw,f/ 'gayrJh awG@r/d ar;rdor#vl trsm;pku aumif;aumif; ajz=um; tultnDay;=uwm
ud,
k af wG@ygbJ?

Page 17
tpm;taomufvnf;/ jrefrm v#m ESifh awmfawmf udu k fygw,f? acguq f aGJ usmf t&omvnf; jrefrmjynfeJ@
awmfawmf eDpyfygw,f? tiH av;av;yifyif&jSd yD;/ iyd teH@ygwJh tcsOu f dk awmfawmfav; oH;k =uygw,f? w&kyf
xrif;qdik u f dk rSmpm;&if jrefrmjynfu w&kyfxrif;qdik f eD;yg; pm;aomufvdk@ aumif;ygw,f? pm;aomufqidk f
aps;ESK;H rSmvnf; rav;&Sm;rSm aps;toifah wmfq;Hk pm;aomufqidk rf sm;yg? edKifijH cm;om;rSe;f odaomfvnf; vH;k 0
ydrk awmif;=uygbl;?

vefum0D Lankawi u|e;f


yDeefjrdK@uae 2 em&Davmuf oabFmpD;oGm;&if rav;&Sm;rSm taumif;qH;k yifv,furf;ajcjzpfwJh vefum0D
Lankawi u|ef;udk a&mufygr,f? tJ'rD mS um;iSm;jyD; =udKufovdk armif;/ a&Smuf=unfhvdk@&ygw,f? xH;k pHtwdik ;f
yifv,furf;ajcrSm tyef;ajzp&m avxD;/ armfawmfbw k /f ig;r#m;jcif;/ a&ikwjf cif;/ pGe;f pmcef; c&D;oGm;vm/
awmifwuf vkypf &m/ ajrmufrsm;pGm&Sdygw,f? ydu k q
f v
H nf; wwfeKd ifr,f/ tcsed fvnf; ay;edKifr,fq&dk ifawmh avmu
edAmefvdk@ ajym&rJh yifv,furf;ajc/ tyef;ajzpcef;wckyg?

tem*gwf rav;&Sm;a&muf jrefrmrsm;


wcsKd @ edKifijH cm;a&muf wwfedKifol jrefrmrsm; (txl;ojzifh pifumylrS jrefrm) tjidr;f pm;,ljyD; jrefrmjynf
vnf;rjyefcsi?f vlal erSlpepfvnf; rwlwJh taemufeKd ifiaH wGrmS vnf; raecsio f al wG/ yDeefjrdK@rmS at;at;aq;aq;
ae=uol jrefrmvlrsKd ;rsm; &Sad e=uygw,f? 'ga=umifh aemif ESpt f awmf=umoGm;&ifawmh rav;&Sm;rSmbJ arG;zGm;
=uD;jyif;/ ynmwwf vmwJh jrefrmvlrsKd ;qufopfawGudk rav;&Sm;tpd;k &u rav;&Sm; wdik ;f &if;om;/ Dialet /
Minority tjzpf rav;&Sm; edik if o H m; cH,cl iG afh y;vmawmhrmS jzpfvdk@ “u|efawmfu rav;&Sm;edik if o H m;/
jrefrmvlrsdK;yg” ajym=urJh jrefrmvli,frsm; ay:vm&if jyHK;jyD; “[kwu f cJh ifAsm;” vdk@ ESwk q
f ufeKd ifatmif
=udK;pm;&ygO;D r,f?

&$iv
f ef; csrf;ajr@=uygap/
aZmfatmif (rHk&mG ) ZGevf (2006)

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Study University in Australia for Burmese


ynma&;eJ hywfoufjyD;

pifumyla&mufaewJ h jrefrmausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;eJ @
jrefrmjynfu ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;/ jopajw;vsm;edkifiH
wuUodkvfynm b,fvdkqnf;yl;juw,fqdkwm ajymcsifygw,f?

ArmjynfrSm 10wef;atmifjyD;&if puFmylausmif;vmwwfl


jrefrmrsm;pGm&Sdjuygw,f? wcsdL@u ay:vDac:wJ h 'Dyvdkrmausmif;udk
0ifcGifhr&wJ htwGuf tpkd;& todrSwfjyK
tvGwfoifausmif;rsm;udkwwf&ygw,f? (pifumyl ay:vD wufuepf
Polytechnic qdkwJ h 10 wef;atmifjyD; 3eSpf 'Dyvdkrm [m
ta&S@tm&SedkifiHrsm;&J @ bJ G 'd*&D tqifh&Sdw,fqdkjyD; pifumylu *k%
f,laeygw,f?)

wcsdK@uawmh pifumyla&muf jrefrmrdbrsm;uae pifumyl


ynma&;udk rlvwef;/ txufwef;atmifjyD; tdkv,fb,f atmif
'O' level / *sLeD,maumvdyf Junior College odkr[kwf
ykdvD'Dyvdkrm atmifxm;wJ h vli,fvl&G,f jrefrm av;rsm; twGuf
jopajwvsm; bJ G@ 'Du&DawGqufvufqnf;yl;a&;[m tckwavm
acwfpm;vmygw,f?

t&ifuawmh jrefrmjynfausmif;om;rsm;[m pifumyl/ ,dk;',m; awGrSm ynmqnf;yl;zdk@ judk;pm;juygw,f? tckawmh


jrefrmrsm;vnf; tjrifydkus,fvmwm&,f/ ydkufqH wwfedkifol rdbrsm; aygvmwmajumifh jopajwvsm;/ tar&dum;eJ h
t*Fvef ynmqnf;yl;wmrsdL;twGuf judk;pm;vmjuygjyD? t&ifuawmh tJ 'DedkifiHjuD;awGrSm ynmoifjum;zdk@udpP[m vljuD;/
csrf;omol awGbJ wwfedkifjuayrJ h tckawmh omreftxufvlwef;pm;awG ruawmhbJ / judk;pm;/pGef@pm;vkdwJ h
omrefausmif;om;awGtwGuf vufwurf;rSmbJ &SdaeygjyD?

tckajymcsifwmawmh jopajwvsm;udk b,fvdk ynmqnf;yl;rvJ qdkwm tjurf;zsif;avmufygbJ ?

jopajwvsm;wdkuf[m tdEMd,edifiHxuf enf;enf;av;judD;ygw,f? yifv,furf;ajcjrdK@rsm;rSmbJ vlawGaejujyD;


&moDOwkrsm;pGm&Sdw,f? uEMm&vGifjyif jrufcif;rsm; tvGefayg rsm;ygw,f? jrefrmawGrsm;rsm;&dSwmawmh ta&S@bufurf;
qpf'ae/ urfbm&m/ rJ vbkef; jrdK@juD;rsm;? tDauGwmbufu *kd;vfudk@pfqdkwJ h ausmfjum;yifv,furf;ajc&SdwJ h b&pfpbdef;
jrdK@&,f? taemufbufurf; ygwfjrdK@awGrSmygbJ ? twnfrjyKao;wJ h owif;t&awmh jrefrm
odef;eJ hcsDtajcpdkufaexkdifjuw,fajymw,f? [kwfekdifygw,f/ awmfawmfrsm;wJ h jrefrm awGygbJ ?

jrefrmausmif;om;rsm;twGuf vljudkufrsm;wJ h wuUodkvfuawmh ygwfjrdK@u umwif;wuUodkvfyg? ausmif;om; 2


aomif;avmuf&SdjyD; jrefrmausmif;om; &meJ @csD&Sdygw,f? rav;&Sm; qm&m0wfjynfe,frSmawmif ausmif;cGJ zGifhxm;ygw,f?

b&pfpbdef;jrdK@u uGif;pvef; ,leDbmpwD wufuedkavm*sD Queenlands University of Technology


&,f? ,leDbmpwD uGif;pvef; University of Queenslands pojzifh wuUodkvfrsm;rSmvnf; jrefrmausmif;om;
awmfawmf av;&Sdygw,f? trsm;qHk;uawmh qpf'ae/ rJ vbkef;/
uifbm&m wuUodkvf/ aumvdyfrsm;ygbJ ?
jopajwvsm;ouUodkvfawGrSm ynmqnf;yl;bkd@ a':vm
awmfawmfukefygr,f? jrefrmrsm; twGuf paumvm;&Spf
ay;csifwJ h wuUodkvf awmfawmfrsm;rsm;&Sdygw,f?
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Study University in Australia for Burmeseynma Page 2 of 3

paumvm;&SpftwGufqdk&if teD;em;u e,l;ZDvef edkifiHuvnf;


urf;vSrf;wmawG awmfawmfav;&Sdygw,f? b,fvdkbJ jzpfjzpf ynma&$tdk;/ vlrcdk;qdkovdk aemifa&;pdwfat;&rJ h
&if;ESD;jrKwfESHrSlyg? ykdufqH rwwfedkifayrJ hvnf; b%facs;aiGeJ @ ausmif;wwfeKdifwJ h enf;vrf;awG&Sdygw,f? ynmjudk;pm; trSw
aumif;&if paumvm;&Spf &oGm;jyD;/ aiGrukefbJ &efukefawmif a':vmjyefykd@edkifwJ h plyg ausmif;om;rsm;vnf;&Sdygw,f?

ykHrSefenf;vrf;uawmh b%fpm&if; tar&duefa':vm ig;axmif uae aomif;*%ef;xd &SdwJ hvl&J @


pyGefpm ,ljyD;ADZmav#muf/ ausmif;oGm;wuf&HkbJ ? ajymwmvG,fw,f/ vufawG@awmh aiGrwwfedkifolrsm;twGuf
awmfawmfav;cufcJ ygw,f? b%fpm&if; jybkd@utp cufwmyg? o"dXmefjuDrm;oltzdk@awmh jzpfedkifatmif
juHzef&wwfygw,f? tcsdK@ a':vm axmif *%ef;avmufbJ jyjyD; ausmif;om;ADZm &oGm;olawG&SdayrJ h wwfeKdif&if b%
pm&if;rsm;rsm;jywm ykdaumif;wmaygh? rdwfaqG o*F[&Sdwmvnf; ykdjyD; wyef;omygw,f?

wwfekdifol ausmif;om;rdbawGawmh ausmif;0ifcGifh wu,fh pmukd oufqdkif&m wuUodkvfutrSefwu,f,l/ trSefwu,f


aiGoGif;jyD; trSefwu,f ausmif;wufjuygw,f? wuUodkvfu 0ifcGifhpmavmufuawmh &,lbdk@odyfrcJ ,Of;ygbl;? trsm;
tm;jzifhawmh pyGefpm Sponsor b%faiGpm&if;eJ @ pma&;jyD; av#muf/ okd@r[kwf tifwmeufuae av#mufcsifav#mufaygh?
jopajwv#m; wuUodkvfrsm;uawmh olwdk@ ydkufqH&rJ h ausmif;0ifcGifhqdkawmh b%fpm&if; tppf/twk odyfppfaq;raeygbl;/
0ifcGifhay;vdkufwmbJ ? jopajwvsm; oH&Hk;rSm ADZmavsmufrSbJ twkvm;/ tppfvm; oH&Hk;t&m&Sdu tifwmAsL;&if; tuJ
cwfygw,f? oH&Hk;t&m&Sdu tdkau&ifawmh ADZm&wmygbJ ? ADZmavsmuf&wmbJ cufwmyg?

wuUodkvfawGu yxreSpfrSm t*Fvdyfbmom pmar;yGJ ppfygw,f? tdkiftD;t,f wDtufpf IELTS (International English
Language Testing System) vkd@ac:w,f? tpuwnf;u atmifjyD;om;qdk&ifawmh tdkauygw,f? t*Fvef/ jowajwvsm;
wuUodkvfawGrSm tdkiftD;t,f tDtufpf ajz&jkyD; tar&dum; wuUodkvfawGuawm tufpfatwD SAT (Scholastic Aptitude
Test ) qdkwJ h t*FvdyfpmuGsrf;usifrSk pmar;yGJ ajz&ygw,f? wdkz,fvf qdkwm tJ 'Dxuf tqifhedKrfhygw,f?

jopajwvsm; wuUodkvfawG&J @ ysrfr# ukefuspm;&dwfuawmh pm;p&dwf &,f/ aep&dwf pkpkaygif; tar&duefa':vm 500
avmuf wvukefusygr,f? usL&Sifp&dwf (wuUodkvf ynmoifp&dwf) uawmh wESpf tar&duefa':vm 8000 (&Spfaxmif)
uae waomif;cGJ txd ay;&ygw,f? tjyufay;&wmawmhr[kwfygbl;? t&pfus ay;&wmrsm;ygw,f? vufawG@bmom
(y&dk*suf) rsm;wJ h ody`H/ tif*sifeD,m bmomawGawmh usL&Sifbdk; ydkay;&wwfygw,f/

ydkufqHawGtrsm;juD;ukefrSmawG;jyD; yl&if/ ylp&mjuD;aygh? taemufedkifiHawGrSmawmh trsm;pkaom wuUodkvfausmif;om;awG


[m rdbudk tm;rudk;juawmhbl;? b%facs;aiGeJ @bJ wufjuwmrsm;ygw,f? (rdbqD vufjzef@rawmif;csifvdk@/ odk@r[kwf
rdbu om;orRD;udk ukd,ftm;udk,fukd;apcsifvdk@vm;/ rdbubJ ray;csifvdk@vm; rod/) pifumylrSmawmif ausmif;om;awG
b%facs;aiGeJ @ wuUodkvfwufjuwm acwfpm;vmjyD? b%fawGuvnf; eSpf&Snf twdk;rJ h acs;ay;wmudk;?

aiGukefrSm awG;yl&ifawmh ynmoifzdk@ cufOD;r,f? csrf;omol rdbrsm;uawmh taumif;qHk;aom &if;ESD;jrkwfESHrSl[m


ynmoifjum;jcif;qkdwm odvdk@ ynma&;twGuf odyfrESarsmjuawmhygbl;?

'gayrJ h a':vm waomif;r&SdbJ jopajwvsm;edkifiHudk 0ifoGm;jyD; jy\emrsm;pGm ausmfvGefatmifjrif/ ynmoif/


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Study University in Australia for Burmeseynma Page 3 of 3

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Education for Burmese

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http://www.mingalaronline.com/story/australia.htm 7/12/2005
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Page 22
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aus;Zlwifvm$ pmrsuEf mS wGif DIMIA, Baulkham Hills Holroyd Parramatta Migrant Resource Center?
OD;armifarmifjrif/h OD;yefwsm (MCRA FM2000 Radio)/ Terrell Oung (SBS Radio)/ "gwyf Hk 'DZidk ;f qdki&f m
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2001 Census (Population in States)


States in Australia Major City Burmese Anglo-Burmese Total
Western Australia ygwxf f 5698 639 6337
New South Wales qpf'eD 2664 63 2727
Victoria rJvbke;f 1100 65 1165
Queensland b&pfpbde;f 580 35 615
ACT uifbm&m 281 12 293
South Australia t,f'vdu k f 125 0 125
Northern Territory 'g0if 77 0 77
Tasmania [dbk wf 31 0 31
Total 10556 814 11370

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omoe"Z Ak'b < mom toif;/ r[mpnfenf; Blue Mountain Insight Meditation Centre, 0dy\ ` em
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bmom0ifjrefrmrsm;. Burmese Christian Church (Sydney), Jesus Family Centre – Cabramatta,
Good Shepherd Sisters – Dianella WA wdk@tm;awG@&jyD;/ tpPvrfbmom0ifjrefrmrsm;. The New
South Wales Burmese Muslim (Sunni) Association Inc. ukad wG@&ygonf?
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twl,&l ygrnf[k owif;pmrsm;wGif a=umfjimawG@&ygonf? – pma&;ol )

ynma&;qdik &f mvkyif efrsm;?


NSW states wGif uav;vli,frsm;twGuf vlraSk &;tusKd ;aqmifrsm;jzpf=uaom a'guw f mcspaf qG/ OD;&J0if;/
OD;armifarmifjrifh wkd@. Educational Assistance for Students udak wG@&ygonf? a'guw f moef;edKif.
jrefrmpmoifausmif;/ jrefrmvlrsKd ;pk vlrKS a&;tzGJ@ (&d;k &mrysuf ynmquft-Hh &d;k &m,Ofaus; ynmay;tH)h /
udvk nf;awG@&onf? Australian Karen Youth Project, Melbourne, jrefrmrdwo f [m&toif; Balmain
NSW, Karen Culture Group, Australia Burma Council (ABC), Burma Office (Sydney), All Young
Burmese League Inc (AYBL), Committee for Democracy in Burma (CDB), Sydney Rakhine Culture
& Welfare Association, Aus Mon Association Inc, Australia Burma Friendship Association (ABFA)
– Darwin NT, Thiha Social Golf Club, qpf'eDjrefrm jcif;vH;k tzGJ@ Sydney Burmese Chinlone
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olemjyKtul/ pmzdrk ;Sl / uav;xde;f ynmonf/ ausmif;q&m ponfwdk@uv dk nf; Skill Migrants [k
oufrw S yf gonf? owWKwGi;f / a&$wiG ;f rsm; aygrsm;vGe;f aoma=umifh owWKwGi;f tvkyo f rm;rsm;
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Industry wGirf l pifumylavmufyif tm;ray;yg? Edik if =H uD;rm;aoma=umifh ,EW,m;vkyif ef;/ v#ypf pf High
Voltage Distribution vkyif ef;rsm;wGif vlvt dk yfaeygonf?

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Page 25
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Japan Map from Settlite Tokyo location at Japan Map A Japanese Traditional Dancer

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Page 28
Japan Emperor Akihito USA President George W. Bush and Japan Prime Minister Koizumi

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Page 29
x&def;) eJ@oGm;&if wem&D uDvdkrDwm 300 avmufeJ@ oGm;edKifygw,f? usnf;qH&xm;uvnf; tjrefESKH;udk rlwnfjyD; tqifhtwef;
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Japan with Cherry Bloom Japan Air Line - JAL

Japan Stock Exchange Bank of Japan – Old Building

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Page 30
omref usefrmol wOD;twGuf &Spfxyfuae awmifxdyftxd av;em&Davmuf wuf&ygw,f? pkpkaygif; tem;,lwJh wJpcef; 15 ck&Sdygw,f?
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Mount Fuji in August Mount Fuji covered with snow Climbing Mount Fuji

Submit of Mount Fuji - They reached on top of the mountain when whether is good

2 hours and 30 mins travel from Tokyo to Mt. Fuji passed many mountains via tunnels and Japan Villages

Page 31
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ta&;=uD;wJudpPuvGJ&if pum; =um=umrajym=uygbl;?

pufbD;udkawmh jrdK@vnfacgifrSmawmif wGifwGifus,fus,f oHk;aeqJyg? pufbD;oGm;vrf;vnf; vkyfay;xm;w,f? pufbD;rsm;pGm jrdK@vnfrSm


pkjyHk&yfxm;wmudk awG@&ygw,f? pnf;urf;rJh &yfxm;wJh pufbD;awGudk &yfuGuf aumifpDvdk tzGJ@u odfrf;jyD; avvH jyefypfygw,f? wdkusKd jrdK@rSm
pufbD;iSm;jyD; a&SmufvnfedKifayrJh um;eJ@a&Smufvnfzdk@uawmh aps;=uD;jyD;/ um;&yfp&m &Smr&wmeJ@ 'kuQa&mufoGm;edKifygw,f?

wdkusdKrSm w&kyf/ udk;&D;,m; rsm; t=uD;tus,f aexdkifwJh jrdK@awG&Sdygw,f? qdkifawG&J@ eD,GefrDqdkif;bkwfawG w&kyf? udk;&D;,m; pmvHk;awGeJ@
xdefvif;aewm awG@&ygw,f? *syefrSmbJarG;wJh uav;awGudkawmh wwd,wef;pm; *syefedKifiHom; tjzpfudk ay;ygw,f?

edKifiHjcm;om;awG tifrwefaygwJhtwGuf atmufwef;usus/ aexdkif awmif;&rf;/ aomif;usef;olrsm;awG@&if olwdk@ *syefpum;ajymaeawmif/


*syef ppfppf jzpfcsifrS jzpfedKifygr,f? 'gayrJh *syefvlrsdK;ppfppf tdrfr&Sd/ ajcovHk;tdrfwdkif rsm;&Sdygw,f/ &SifusLuk tem;u yef;jcHav;rSm tjyma&mif
wJuav;awG 20 ckavmufawG@&ygw,f? yef;jcH a&bHkbdkifudk oHk;/ av#mfzGwfjyD;/ ae@qdk&if avsmufoGm;/ nusrS wJqD jyefvmtdyfwJ *syef
*spfypDvlrsdK;rsm; &SdaeqJygbJ?

Shibuya - youth gathering Shinjuku – busy city, night view Tokyo – old city

*syefvlrsdK;rsm; tm;vyfcsdef

acwfopf *syefrsm;[m/ tvkyfcsdef eJvmygjyD? w&ufudk 7 em&DavmufbJvkyfjyD;/ naeydkif;qdk&if trsdK;om;awG t&ufqdkif/ edkufuvyfawGrSm
aomufpm;avh&Sd=uygw,f? wcsdK@ wOD;wnf; b0udk aysmfarG@olrsm;u yufcsifudk qdkwJh *sufaygh avmif;upm;&if;/ tcsdefukef=uygw,f?
trsdK;orD;awGuawmh tvkyfvkyfolawmfawmf&SdvmayrJh tdrf&SifrawGtrsm;=uD;&SdaeqJyg? naeydkif; a&Smhyifpifwm awGrSm aps;0,folrsm;[m
tdrf&Sifr trsdK;orD;rsm;jzpf=uygw,f?
Page 32
tm;upm;jydKifyGJawGawmh/ txl;tm;ay;=uw,f? a*svdcf qdkjyD; abmfvHk;upm;enf;udk 1990 aemufydkif;rSm tpdk&u
ajrawmifajrSmufay;awmh/ 10 ESpftwGif;rSm urBmzvm;udk 0ifa&muf,SOfjydKifedKifcJhjyD/ 2002 rSm tdrf&Siftjzpfawmif usif;yedKifcJhygw,f? abmfvHk;eJ@
wef;wlbJ &yfbD/ abmfvDabm/ bwfpuwfabm/ wif;epf/ a*gufoD;/ avSavSmf/ awmifwuf/ a&v$maxsmpD;/ a&cJ pudwfpD; pojzifh
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jrefrmrdwfaqGwa,mufu ae@cif;rSm ol@qdkif&J@ w,fvDaA;&Sif;udk *syeftxufwef;ausmif;aygif;pHk &yfbD aemufqHk;AdkvfvkyGJudk zGifhxm;ay;w,f?
vrf;oGm;vrf;vm *syef vl=uD;/ vli,f rsm;pGm rwfwyf&yfjyD;=unfhae=uwm tHh=ordw,f? olwdk@vnf; jrefrmjynfu awmom;awG w,fvDaA;&Sif;
=unhfovdk vrf;ab;rwfwyf&yf=unfhaeygvm;? ar;=unfhrS 10wef;tqifh ausmif;aygif;pHk &yfbDyGJwJh? *syefrSm awmfawmf
vl=udKufrsm;w,fqdkbJ? Waseda txufwef;ausmif;u AdkvfpGJoGm;awmh jrefrmrdwfaqGu/ 0rf;omtm;&eJ@ usKyfwdk@ jrdK@av;u toif;/ *syef
wedKifiHvHk;rSm yxr&wm qdkjyD; *k%f,laeygw,f? vlawGvnf; aiGa=u;jynfhpHkawmh tm;rS upm;wJh tm;upm;udk
ydktcsdefay;vm=uw,fxifygw,f?
tvm;wl qlrdkebrf;yGJuvnf; *syefedKifiH vSnfhvnfjyD;/ edKifiHausmf y&dkzuf&Sife,f qlydkeyrf;yGJ Grand Sumo tournaments (or
honbasho) wESpfudk 6 yGJvkyfygw,f? wdkusdKjrdK@rSmawmh 3 yGJ/ ZE0g&D/ ar eJ@ pufwifbm rSmusif;yw,f? wjcm;3 yGJudkawmh tdkqmum/ e*dk,m
eJ@ zlul'g jrdK@awGrSm usif;yw,f? 15 &ufwdkif jydKif=uyD; we*FaEGae@rSm tqHk;owfavh&Sdw,f? wdk;&pfawGudk tvSjy ajzazsmfwJh tqifhedrfh
qlrdkeyrf;yGJawGudk =unhfcsif&ifawmif/ ,ef; 5000 avmuf ay;&ygw,f? vuf&Sd emrnf=uD; qlrdkeyrf;orm;rsm;&J@ vpmaiG (*syef ,ef;aiG)
udk=unfh&if Yokozuna: 2,820,000 , Ozeki: 2,350,000 , Sanyaku: 1,700,000 , Maegashira: 1,300,000 , Juryo:
1,030,000 pojzifh jzpf=uygw,f? qlrdkeyrf; [m tvGefa&S;usjyD;/ *syefawG&J@ &Sifwdk bmoma&; yGJawGeJ@ twlusif;ycJhwm Ak'NjrufpGmbk&m;
ryGifhrSDuwnf;uygbJ?

A Sumo match Sumo wrestlers gathering at stage "floating" torii at Itsukushima Shrinematch

ynma&;
*syefrsm;twGuf ar*sDacwf 1872 uwnf;u roifrae& 15ESpf t&G,fwdkif ynmoif&ygw,f? wuUodkvf aumif;aumif;a&mufzdk@twGuf
ausmif;om;rsm; ,SOfjydKifrSK jyif;xefpGm =udK;pm;&ygw,f? *syefu emrnfausmf wuUodkvf awGuawmh wdkusdKjrdK@u University of Tokyo,
Keio University, Waseda University, wdk@jzpfjyD; usdKwdkjrdK@u Kyoto University jzpfygw,f?
Keio eJ@ Waseda ewuUodkvfawGuawmh edKifiH*k%faqmif edKifiHa&;/ vlrSKa&;/ pd;yGm;a&; ynm&Sifom;orD;rsm; wuf=uwm rsm;ygw,f?
wdkusdK wuUodkvf rsm;rSm edKifiHjcm;om;rsm; ynmcGsefqk trsm;tjym; ay;tyf&mrSm/ jrefrmedKifiHu vli,frsm;vnf; &&Sd=ua=umif;? tcsdK@
bGJ@vGefoifwef;awG jyD;oGm;jyD;/ *syefrSmbJ vpmaumif;aumif;/ tvkyfaumif;aumif;eJ@ vkyfudkifaea=umif;udk 0rf;omtm;&pGm
od&ygw,f? JASSO scholarship &&SdjyD; trfbDat rmpwmbGJudk tdkif,la*s u &&Sdxm;wJh udkxGef;xGef; u paumvm;&Spf&&Sda&;twGuf
avsmufenf;pepfawGudk ajymjyygw,f? 27-=o*lwfv-2005 bDbDpD jrefrmydkif; tpDtpOf ynma&; aqG;aEG;yGJrSm *syefedKifiH paumvm;&Spf &&SdwJh
udkOD; eJ@ rxG,f wdk@ ajym=um;csuft& =udK;pm;ol jrefrmvli,ftrsm; *syefedKifiHrSm ynmoifzdk@ a&mufaeqJ jzpfa=umif; od&ygw,f? tdrtdZkrd
jrefrmausmif;omrsm; ynm&nfcGsefqktoif; IMBSF uvnf; qkcsD;jrSihfavh&Sdygw,f? pufrSKwuUodkvf
ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzGJ@ RITAJ u udkodef;aiG/ udk0if;jrihf/ udkxGef;xGef;0if; wdk@vnf; *syefa&muf jrefrmvli,frsm;&J@ ynma&;udpPawGudk/
wwfedKifoavmuf ulnDay;=uygw,f?

tpm;/ taomuf

wdkusdK tpm;taomuf aps;ESKH;uawmh wcgpm;&if ,ef; 600 uae 1000 avmufay;&ygw,f? *syefrSm aewm =umoGm;wJh jrefrmawGvnf;
tjyifrSmpm;zdk@ 0efrav;awmhygbl;? wcsKd @ *syeftpmudk b,fvdkrS rsdKruswJh vlawGawmh/ udk,fhzmom csufpm;=uygw,f? csufpm;&ifawmh
ukefusp&dwf ydkoufomygw,f? qdkifawGuvnf; oef@&Sif;oyf&yfjyD;/ jrefjrefqefqef pm;aomufedKifygw,f? jrefrmrsm;uawmh w&kyfyHkpH

Page 33
pm;aomufp&mrsm;eJ@ [efusayrJh/ *syefawGpm;wJh csOfpkwfpkwf/ acgufqGJ/ tom;/ ig; awGudkawmh t&omcHedKifzdk@ rvG,fvSygbl;?
*syef &SK&SD; qdkifawGrSmawmh wa,mufudk ,ef; 1500 uae ,ef; ig;axmif/ waomif; txd ay;&wwfygw,f? rufa'gem;
[rfbm*gawGvnf; a&mif;ayrJh ,ef; 700 txufcsnf;ay;&ygw,f? 'gayrJh tcsdK&nfeJ@/ bD,muawmh tpm;taomufxufpm&if
odyfaps;r=uD;vSygbl;? tcsdK&nf wcGufudk ,ef; 150 avmufeJ@ vrf;ab;u pufrSm (Vending Machine) 0,fedkifygw,f? *syefrSm Vending
Machine tvGefaygvSygw,f? aq;vdyf 20 0if wAl;udk ,ef; 350 eJ@ vrf;ab; pufrSm 24 em&D 0,fedKifygw,f?
a&S;,cifu *syefenf;qdkjyD;/ reuftdyf,mxjyD; a& t0aomufjcif;[m usef;rma&;twGuf aumif;w,fqdkcJhw,f? tckacwf*syefrsm;
a&raomufawmhbJ vufbuf&nf=urf;vdk/ *&if;wD; Green Tea awmfawmfaomuf=uygw,f? pm;aomufqdkifawGrSm trsdK;orD;=uD;awGvnf;
bD,mta&mifeJ@ zefcGufawG/ pm;&if; aomufaeawmh bD,mvdk@ txifrvGJygeJh? *syefawG csrf;omvmawmh a& tpm;/
uGmvwDydkaumif;wJh *&if;wD;aomuf=uwmyg?

wkdusdK &xm; (JR ,Subway, Trains)

*syef&xm; ydk@aqmifa&;[m jrefqefwdus/ rSefuef&mrSm urBmausmfygw,f? wdkusdK rufx&dk vdkif;/ TOEI vdkif;jzpfygw,f? &xm;vdkif;udk
ta&mifcGJjcm;owfrSwfay;ygw,f? txl;ojzifh vlOD;a& oef;30 udk ydk@aqmifay;&wJh wdkusdK &xm;pepf[m/ ajrmufrsm;pGmaom c&D;oGm;rsm;udk
jrefqefpGm o,f,lydk@aqmifay;&mrSm tHh=obG,f&mygbJ? jrdK@xJu &xm;blwmwdkif;[m jrdK@i,fav;/ avqdyf=uD;wckvdkygbJ? txJrSm
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acwWxm;wJh Locker aowWmav;awG/ trsm;=uD;&Sdw,f? c&D;o,fawG olwdk@&J@ av;vHwJh tdfwfawG/ xD;/ zdeyfawGudk xnhf&w,f?
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&xm;awGvnf;/ trsdK;rsdK;&Sdw,f? vufrSwfvnf; vay; vufrSwf? wcgoHk; vufrSwf/ puUL vufrSwf/ prwfu'f vufrSwf? pvkdufvkyfwJh
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aemufqHk;wGJudk csdef;=uw,f? tjref&xm;rsm;[m blwmwdkif;udk r&yfawmh/ raocsm&if ukd,fhqif;rJhae&m &yfovm; ar;jref;jyD;pD;&ygw,f?
wdkusdK &xm;rsm; jy\em enf;yg;aomfvnf;/ wcgw&H pdwfzdpD;aom *syefvlrsdK;rsm; &xm;a&S@wGif ckefcsrSkrsm; jzpfvsif/ em&Dydkif;cef@
&xm;toGm;tvm &yfwHhoGm;wwfygonf? n 11 em&Dausmfvsif &xm;rsm; &yfem;ygonf? xdktcsdef oGmvmygu/ t*Fvdyfpum; vHk;0
rajymwwfaom wuUpDrsm;udk om aps;=uD;ay;/ tm;udk;&ygawmhonf? &Sifusluk uJhodk@aom ae&mwGif tvGef&SKyfaxG;vSojzifh oGm;aeusr&Sdygu
aocsmar;jref;xm;&ygonf? w&uf ESpf&ufr# udk,fwdkifavhvmoGm;vmjyD;ygu/ wdkusdK&xm;rsm;udk vG,fulpGm toHk;jyKvmedKifonfudk
awG@&ygrnf?

Tokyo Rainbow Bridge Yamanote Line Tokyo Train Station

wdkusdK teD;tem; wdk;&pfrsm; oGm;vmp&m ae&mrsm;

vltpnf;um;qHk;/ t&SkyfqHk;jzpfwJh “&SifhusKuk”/ a&S;u jrdK@vnfacgifjzpfwJh “wdkusdK” blwm&Hkw0kduf ESifh bk&ifheef;awmf/ tpm;taomuf/
tajcmuf tjcrf; 0,fvdk@aumif;wJh “tl&,fedK;”/ vli,frsm; aysmfyg;/ aemufaysmf/ upm;&m “&SDbl,”? acwfqefwJh trdsK;orD;rsm;
a&Smhyif;oGm;vdk@aumif;wJh “*ifZm”/ v#yfppf/ tDvufx&Gef;epf eJ@ uGefjyLwm ypPnf;rsm; jrdK@awmf “tmud[b&”/ jrefrmqdkifrsm;pGm&SdjyD;
jrefrmpk&yfjrdK@rsm;jzpfwJh “tmum'dkbmbm”/ “&Sif tkuUbk”/ ponfhae&mrsm;jzpfygw,f? uDvdkrDwm 60 avmufa0wJh ,dkudk[m;rm;
oabFmqdyfudkvnf; &xm;pD;jyD; tvnfoGm;vdk@&ygw,f?

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333 rDwmjrihfwJh wdkusdK ar#mfpif (Tokyo Tower) 1958 ckESpfrSm urBmtjrifhqHk; ar#mfpiftjzpf zGifhvSpfcJhygw,f? aemufawmh
rav;&Sm;edKifiHu aut,fwm0g u 335 rDwmtjrifhaqmufjyD; tedkif,lcJhygw,f? ar#mfpifay:wuf=unfh&ifawmh wdkusdKywf0ef;usif &SKcif;rsm;pGm
aumif;aumif; jrif&ygw,f? wuf=unhfc ,ef; 820 ay;&ygw,f? 2006 rSmawmh jrihfrm;wJh taqmuftOD/ rsm;pGmay:vmyD; tcrJh
wufa&muf=unhfedKifayrJh wdkusdKwm0gudk ydkufqHay; =unhfjcif;[m wdk;&pfpf rsm;twGuf trSwfw& jzpfp&m/ =unfESK;zG,f tawG@t=uHKjzpfygw,f?
tay:u =unfh&if Rainbow Bride, Tokyo Bay, taemufay:wJhjrdK@opfrsm;jzpfwJh &SifusLul/ tdkifuDblul&dK rSm&SdwJh wdkuftjrifh=uD;rsm;/
tpdrf;a&mif awmtkyftjzpf jrif&wJh bk&ifheef;awmf eJ@ [DbD& yef;jcH/ wdkusdK 'pfpae vif;/ awmifwef;=uD;rsm;
eJ@ qD;ESif;zHk;aewJh zl*sDawmif=uD;awGudk vSvSyy &Skpm;edKifygw,f? www.tokyotower.co.jp
c&kpf oabFm pD;jyD;/ pm;aomuf&if; wkdusdK ab; {&d,mrSm =unhf&Skcsif&ifawmh ,ef; 3000 ay;jyD; SEA LINE TOKYO CO., LTD 03-
37988101 udkqufoG,fedKifygw,f? plrd'g jrpfeJ@ wdkusdKab; c&kpf oabFmbJpD;&if;/ &Skcif; =unhfcsif&ifawmh aps;ydkoufomwJh
www.suijobus.co.jp 03-57334812 eJ@ oGm;edKifygw,f? wdkusdK ae@/ n c&D;pOfrsm;udk vrf;jyeJ@
c&D;oGm;csif&ifawmh www.hatobus.com 81-3-3435-6081 rSmpHkprf;=unfhyg? ae@0ufc&D;udk ,ef;4000/ w&ufc&D;udk ,ef; 10000
cef@awmif;ygw,f/ c&D;pOf trsdK;rsdK;&Sdygw,f?

Tokyo Tower Shinjuku Tocho

wdkusdKa&muf jrefrmrsm;

*syefawG 'kwd,urBmppfrwdkifcifuwnf;u udk;&D;,m; eJ@ w&kyf edKifiHawGudk usL;ausmf e,fcsJ@cJhjhyD;/ tar&duef yg;vf qdyfurf;udk tvpf0if
AHk;=uJum/ 'kwd, urBmppfudk qifEGJcJhygw,f? *syefwyfrsm; jrefrmjynfudk t*Fvdyfudk atmifedKifjyD; jrefrmjynfudk
odrf;,lcJhygw,f? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;acgif;aqmifwJh &Jabmf oHk;usdyfwDk&J@ acwfopfjrefrmh wyfrawmf[m *syefudk awmfvSefwdkufcdkufcJh&ygw,f?
*syefeJ@ jrefrmrsm; tquftoG,f/ ul;oef;a&mif;0,frSK[m ppfjyD;csdefupjyD; tqufrjyufcJhygbl;? 1988 ckESpf &Spfav;vHk; ta&;tcif;jyD;csdefrSm
jrefrmrsm; edKifiHwumudk xGufjyD; tvkyfvkyfcGif &vmcsdefrSm/ tquftoG,faumif;ol jrefrmrsm; *syefedKifiH wdkusdKjrdK@udk tzGJzGJ
a&mufvm=uygw,f? *syefADZmuvnf; 1989/ 1990 w0kdufrSm awmfawmfav; vG,fulawmh *syefjynfudk enf;trsdK;rdsK;eJ@ 0ifvmjyD;/ tdkAmpaw;
vdk@ac:wJh w&m;r0ifaexdkif vkyfukdif&if;/ *syefrsm; rvkyfcsifwJh pm;aomufqdkifvkyfief;awGrSm jrefrmrsm;/ txl;0ifa&mufvmygw,f? jrefrmrsm;
t&if OD;pGma&mufaewJh w&kyf/ udk;&D;,m;/ tdED,/ tD&ef/ &k&Sm;/ b&mZDvlrsdK;/ ponfwdk@qDuae avhvm/ enf;,ljyD; jrefrm tvkyform;rsm;
*syefrSm emrnfaumif;&vmygw,f? *syefrsm;uvnf; jrefrmrsm; tay: oHa,mZOf &Sd[efwljyD;/ zrf;qD; ta&;,lrSKvnf; r&SdcJhygbl;?

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jrefrmrsm; *syefrSm tvkyfvkyf&ifawmh a&mufwmeJ@ rdwfaqGrsm; tultnD&olrsm;uawmh/ jrefrm&SdwJh qdkifawGrSm pwifvkyf&ygw,f? wcsdK@
tqufoG,fr&Sd&if jrefrmvlrsdK; tvkyfyGJpm;rsm;qDu tultnDawmif;&ygw,f? tvkyfvkyf&if; *syefpum;ajym rwwfrjzpfawmh/ 6
vavmufqdk&if ajymwwfvmygw,f? wem&D ,ef; 800 uae ,ef;waxmifausmftxd em&DeJ@ owfrSwfjyD;/ vpmay;ygw,f?
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vdk@jrefrmtcsif;csif; ajym=uygw,f? tvkyf&jyD;&if aep&mtdrf &Sm&ygw,f? tdrfrsm;[m usOf;jyD;/ oyf,yf oef@&Sif;ygw,f? ywf0ef;usif *syefvdkbJ
oef@&Sif;/ pepfwus jyD;/ jrefrmaewJh tdrfudk/ jrefrm tcsif;csif;bJ vufajymif; iSg;&rf; ,l=uygw,f? jrefrm tdrfyGJpm;rsm;vnf;
trsm;tjym;&Sdygw,f? tcef;tus,fudk ao;&if “av;usyfcGJ tcef;”/ enf;enf; =uD;&if “ajcmufusyfcGJ tcef;” pojzifh
ajymqdkiSm;&rf;=uw,f? a&mufumpawmh wcef;udk av;a,mufavmuf pkae=uayrJh/ aemufawmh wcef;udk ESpfa,mufavmuf aeoGm;=uw,f?
iSm;cuawmh ,ef; 6 aomif;uae wodef;ywf0ef;usif ae&may:rlwnfjyD; ay;&ygw,f?

High Way tow gate Lockers for traveller Tokyo Taxi

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arcpmapmif pojzifh awmfawmfrsm;rsm;&Sdygw,f?

Mass travellers enter to train Roller Coaster at Mt Fuji Disney Land

Page 36
*syefedKifiHonf jynfya&muf 'Drdkua&pD vSKyf&Sm;rSk tzGJ@rsm;pGm;&Sdygonf? edkifiHa&; ygwDrsm; tift,f'D (t,fvfat) tygt0if ta0;a&muf
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bk&m;&Sdcdk;ausmif;rsm; (KCF, TKBC ..etc)/ &Sif tkuUbk jrefrm rlqvifAvD/ ponfh jrefrm bmoma&; tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;vnf; &Sd=uygw,f?

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aZmfatmif (rHk&Gm)? pufwifbm – 2006

Mountaineers gathering before climbing to Mt Fuji

Burmese eating Shu Shi Burmese from Sakawa Beauty Kachin Church TKBC

Page 37
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Page 38
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f csed ;f csujf yD;
vma&mufeKd ifygonf?
qufo, G &f ef rwifwif0if; 03-3364-5163 rdb k idk zf ke;f 090-8720-9017
Email: ttwin2002@yahoo.com Website: www.moethaukkye.com Address: 1-11-7
(301) Ochiai Eiko Mansion, Shimo Ochiai, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 161-0033 Japan

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Page 41
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yDtmeJU pDwDZif cHpm;cGifhawG ododomombmuGmvJ/ awG;aerdygawmhonf/(tifwmAsL;wm0efcHt,f'Dwm)

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1.Hotel cost B400 and above. Check at internet

2.Boonmee mansion
near Tha Phae (Thug Phal pronounced) Old King Palace
Kotcharsan Rd., Soi 1
Chieng Mai , Thailand Tel; 053-208200
Price: Bad tourist B150, fan with two bed room B350
Aircon room: B500

3.DARET’S HOUSE & RESTAURANT


4/5 CHAIYAPOOM RD. CHIANG MAI
TEL: 235440, 252292
One room with common toilet, shower B150

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Page 55
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Page 57
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Page 58
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8? =o*kwf 29 uGmvmvrfyjl rdK@rmS jrefrm abmfv;Hk toif; tESpo f ;Hk q,fh ig;ESpf twGi;f rma';um; cseyf , D H qk
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vkyaf qmifay;aeawmh tqifajyae=uygw,f?

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2? pifumyl&Sd jrefrm pD;yGm;a&; vkyif ef;&Sifrsm;? vGecf aJh om 20 ESpcf ef@u pifumyl csKd if;em;awmif; (tlx&efywf) wGif
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ae&mtxd oGm;a&mufcw Jh ,f vdk@ od&ygw,f?

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3? jrefrm uxdeyf rGJ sm; qifE=GJ ujcif;? tufpt f rfpD bke;f =uD;ausmif; atmufwb dk m 15 &ufae@ ESifh wdyk g;&dk;
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f idk f usi;f y=uygw,f?

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4? ADtrfpD oD&v
d uFm bke;f =ud;ausmif; Vipassana Meditation Centre (Singapore) rSmvnf; atmufwb dk m
29 &ufu uxdeyf GJ crf;em;pGm usi;f yygw,f? trsm;pkuawmh jrefrmvlrsKd ;rsm; vma&muf qifE=GJ uygw,f?

5? pifumyl. yxrqH;k oDv&Siaf usmif; “oD&rd *Fvm&dyo f m” udk 2005 wGif oD&v d uFmedKifiH Ak'o < uUovdk f qif;
jrefrmvlrsKd ; oDv7Sif a':auwkrmvm OD;pD;wnfaxmifcJhonf? 2006 wGiv f nf; oDv&Si0f wfyrGJ sm; ESifh
w&m;tm;xkwjf cif;rsm;/ jrefrmjynfrS q&mawmf=uD;rsm; . w&m;yGrJ sm; ponfwdk@ jyKvkyef Kd ifcyJ gonf? Lavenda
Beaty Road No. 6(A) #03-03 Tel 62963549, 91393307.

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Ed0k ifbm

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f idk af ea=umif; ajymygw,f?

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r*Fvm tifwmeuf (ZEM0g&D 2007)

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vrf;jy=u,f pm=unfw
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atmifjrifygap?

armifomref
12-ar-2007

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မိဇၹိမ အေမရိကန္ႏိုင ္င ံကို လာေရာက္ၾ ကည့္ရ ႈတာ ၇ လၾကာသြားပါျပီး။ စိတ္ ပင္ပမ္းဆင္းရဲျ ခင္ း ၊
မိုးမခ စိတ္ဓါတ္ေရးရာ ပိုမ ိုခိုင ္မာလာျခင္း၊ မိတ္ေဆြသဂၤဟ အသစ္မ်ားစြာ ရရွိျ ခင္း၊ မထင္မ ွတ္သူမ်ားက
သတင္းႏွင ့္မီဒီယာကြန ္ယက္ ကူညီေပးျခင္း၊ ထင္မ ွတ္သူမ်ားက အေၾကာင္းအမ်ိဳ မ်ိဳ းေၾကာင့္ (သူတို႔မ ွာလဲ အခက္အခဲရွိေတာ့)
ယေန႔ျ မန္မာ
မကူညီႏ ိုင ္ျ ခင္း၊ ျမန္မာျပည္မ ွာ နာဂစ္မု န ္ တ ိ ု င ္ း ၾ က ီ း န ဲ ႔ လ ူ ေ ပ ါ င ္ း သိ န ္ း ခ ် ီ ေ သေ ၾ က ျ ခ င ္ း ၊
ဗြီအုိေအ
ဘီဘီစီ ျမန္မာလူမ်ိဳ းေသာင္းနဲ႔ခ်ီျ ပီး နယ္စပ္ေဒသမ်ားမွ အေမရိကန္သို႔ ဒုကၡသယ္အျဖစ္ေရာက္ရ ွိလာျခင္း၊
အာအက္ဖ္ေအ အေ မ ရ ိ က န ္ ႏ ိ ု င ္ င ံ ၾ က ီ း စ ီ း ပ ြ ာ းေ ရ းအင ္ း အားၾ က ီ း ပ ါ တယ ္ ဆ ိ ု ေ ပ မ ဲ ့ ဘဏ္ၾ ကီးမ ် ား၊
ဒီဗြီဘီ အိမ ္ေငြေခ်းလုပ္ငန္ကုမဏီၾ ကီးေတြ ေဒ၀ါလီခံျ ပီး တရုပ ္၊ရုရ ွား၊ ဥေရာပဘံုေစ်းအဖြ ဲ ႔ က လည ္ း
မကူရင္မျဖစ္ေတာ့ (စစ္အင္အားကိုေၾကာက္လို႔လားမသိ) ၀ိုင္းကူ၊ေငြေ ခ ် း လ ု ပ ္ ေ ပ းရ ျ ခ င ္ း ၊
Burmese.LPK ဒီမ ိုကရက္တစ္ပါတီက အေမရိကန္ႏိုင ္င ံ အေျပာင္းအလဲအတြက္ အေမရိကန္သမိုင ္းမွာ ပထမဆံုး
Volume.74-Sg အမ်ိဳ းသမီးသမၼတေလာင္း ဟီလာရီကလင္တန
ြ ္ နဲ႔ ပထမဆံုး လူမသ
ဲ မၼတေလာင္း အိုဘားမားတို႔
အၾကိ တ ္ အ န ယ္ ျ ပ ိ ဳ င ္ ၾ က တာ အိ ု ဘ ားမ ားအန ိ ဳ င ္ ရ ရ ွ ိ သ ြ ာ းျ ခ င ္ း ၊ အေ မ ရ ိ က န ္ သ မ ိ ု င ္ း မ ွ ာ
အသက္အၾကီးဆံုးသမၼတျဖစ္ခ်င္တဲ့ မက္ကိန ္းက သူတို႔ ရီဘာဗလီကင္ပါတီရဲ့ ပထမဆံုး အမ်ိဳ းသမီ
ဒုသမၼတ မစၥပါလင္ကို ေရြးခ်ယ္ျ ပီး ဒီမ ိုကရက္တစ္က အိုဘားမားကို အၾကိတ္အနယ္ ျပိဳ င္ေပမဲ့
အိုဘားမ်ားက အျပက္အႏိုင္ရရွိသာြ းျခင္း၊ (မွတ္ခ်က္။ ျမန္မာျပည္ Burma နဲ႔ နာမည္ခပ္ဆင္ဆင္
အိုဘားမား Obama သမၼတ အေရြးခံရေတာ့ ျမန္မာျပည္အတြက္ ေမွ် ာ္လင့္ခ်က္ေလးမ်ား
လည္းရင္ထပ
ဲ ိုရ ွိလာပါတယ္။ ) ေနာက္ဆံုးေတာ့ ၈ႏွစ္တာ သမၼတ လုပ ္ခဲ့တဲ့ 911 အေရးအခင္း၊
အဖကန္စစ္ပ။ဲြ အီရက္စစ္ပေ
ဲြ တြကို အျပက္အသက္အႏိုင ္ယူခဲ့တဲ့ လက္ရ ွိသမၼတ ဘြတ္ခ်္ ချမာ
မ်က္ႏ ွာ မသာမယာနဲ႔ သူမွားသြားပါတယ္ ၀န္ခ ံသာြ းပါတယ္။ ကြ် န္ေတာ္က ခြင့္လႊတ္ေပမဲ့
အေမရိကန္သမိုင ္းဆရာေတြကေတာ့ ခြင့္လႊတ္မ ွာ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး။
To go USA, must
learn American ျမန္မာျပည္နဲ႔ ျမန္မာလူမ်ိဳ းမိတ္ေဆြမ်ား ရြင္လန္းခ်မ္းေျမ႔၊ေပ်ာ္ရႊင္တဲ့ ႏွစ ္သစ္ျ ဖစ္ပါေစ။

English
အေမရိကား၇လတာ အေတြ႔အၾကံဳ အခ်ိဳ ႔ မဂၤလာအင္တာနက္ Story - Click Here

Page 88
…blogspot.com/…/7-months-in-america… 1/7
အဆံုးသတ္ျခင္း (ဇူလိုင္-၂၀၀၉)

ျမန္မာမ်ားစြာေရာက္ေနတဲ့ ႏိုင္ငံေတြထဲမွာ ထိုင္း၊မေလးရွာ၊စင္ကာပူ၊အေမရိကန္ အစဥ္လိုက္ရွိပါတယ္။


ၾသစေၾကလ်ား၊ ဂ်ပန္၊ ေတာင္ကိုးရီးယား၊ အိႏၷိယ၊ အဂၤလန္ နဲ႔ ဥေရာပနိုင္ငံမ်ားကေတာ့ ျမန္မာဦးေရ
သိပ္မမ်ားေပမဲ့ အဲဒီႏိုင္ငံမ်ားက ျမန္မာအသိုင္းအ၀ုိင္းမ်ားကို သြားေရာက္ေလ့လာဖို႔ သင့္ပါတယ္။ အထူးသျဖင့္
ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံကို သံေယာဇင္ရွိေနတဲ့ အဂၤလန္ႏိုင္ငံက ျမန္မာအသိုင္းအ၀ိုင္းကေတာ့ ေရွးအက်ဆံုးနဲ႔
ျမန္မာ့ယဥ္ေက်းမႈေရွးေဟာင္းပစၥည္း နဲ႔ စာေပမ်ားစြာကို လန္ဒန္က ျပတိုက္ၾကီးေတြမွာ ေတြ႔ႏိုင္ပါတယ္။

ႏိုင္င၂၀၀၉ မွာေတာ့ စင္ကာပူကို ျမန္မာမ်ား အုပ္လိုက္၊က်င္းလိုက္ ၀င္လာၾကပါတယ္။ အေမရိကားကလည္း


ေပၚလစီအရ Student Pass ေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားမ်ား ခ်ေပးပါတယ္။ ၂၀၀၈ တကမၻာလံုး စီးပြားေရးကပ္ၾကီးကို
အေမရိကန္က စတင္ခဲ့တာဆိုေတာ့ အေမရိကန္သားမ်ား အလူအလဲခံရပါတယ္။ အစိုးရလည္း
အစြမ္းကုန္လုပ္ေပမဲ့ အေမရိကန္စီးပြားေရး ျပန္လည္ဦးေမာ့လာဖို႔ေတာ့ အေျခခံမ်ားျဖစ္တဲ့ စစ္စရိတ္၊
က်န္းမာေရး၊ ေရွ့ေန ကုန္က်စရိတ္ ေတြမွာ ရိတ္စားေနတဲ့ သူေဌးၾကီးမ်ားနဲ႔ အသံုးၾကီးေနဆဲ
အေမရိကန္ႏိုင္ငံသားမ်ားေၾကာင့္ မလြယ္လွပါဘူး။ ၂၀၀၈ စီးပြားေရးကပ္မွာပဲ အသစ္တက္လာတဲ့
လူမည္းသမၼတ အိုဘားမား အစိုးရကလက္ထက္မွာ ျပန္လည္ျပဳျပင္ေရးေတြ အျပင္းအထန္လုပ္ေနဆဲပါပဲ။

ဘယ္သို႔ပင္ျဖစ္ေစ အေမရိကန္ႏိုင္ငံထဲကို ျမန္မာမ်ား အစုလိုက္၊၀င္ေနဆဲပါ။ ေနထိုင္စရိတ္ၾကီးလြန္းျပီး၊


တဦးခ်င္း၀င္ေငြ အရမ္းနည္းသြားတဲ့ အေမရိကန္မွာ ျမန္မာမ်ား ေငြစုေဆာင္းႏိုင္ဖို႔က အရင္ထက္
အမ်ားၾကီးခက္သြားပါျပီ။

အေမရိကန္ႏိုင္ငံသားမ်ားလည္း စီးပြားေရးသမားမ်ား၊ လူငယ္ဘြဲ႔ရမ်ားလည္း ေငြပိုစုေဆာင္းႏိုင္တဲ့ ႏိုင္ငံျခား


(တရုပ္၊ စင္ကာပူ နဲ႔ အာရွႏိုင္ငံမ်ား) ဆီကို ေျပာင္းေရႊ႔အလုပ္လုပ္ေနၾကပါပီ။ အေမရိကန္အတြင္းမွာ
အခြန္အေကာက္မ်ားလြန္းေတာ့ ေငြပို၊ေငြလွ်ံရဖို႔ သိပ္မလြယ္ဖူးျဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ ပညာေရး၊
သိပၸံပညာ၊ေလာကဓါတ္ပညာမ်ား ေလ့လာခ်င္ရင္ အေမရိကန္မွာပဲေနသင့္ေပမဲ့ စီးပြားေရးလုပ္ခ်င္ရင္ေတာ့
ႏိုင္ငံျခားထြက္ဖု႔ိ တြန္းအားေပးေနပါတယ္။

လက္ရွိ စီးပြားေရးကပ္က ျမန္မာမ်ား ထိုးထြက္ႏိုင္ဖို႔ကေတာ့ အေၾကြးစနစ္ကို ပယ္ျပီး၊ ေခြ်တာသံုးစြ၊ဲ


ေငြစုေဆာင္းရံုပဲ ရွိပါတယ္။

ဒါေၾကာင့္ ေနာက္မၾကာမွီ နွစ္မ်ားမွာေတာ့ အေမရိကန္ ပတ္စပို႔ကိုင္တဲ့ ျမန္မာမ်ား အစုလုိက္၊အျပံဳလိုက္


ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံကို အလည္ျဖစ္ေစ၊ စီးပြားေရးလာလုပ္ရန္ျဖစ္ေစ ျပန္လာၾကမွာကို ျမင္ေယာင္မိပါတယ္။

ေမာင္သာမန္
Singapore – Jul 2009

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