REQUIREMENTS IN CLINICAL DUTY

(ITRMC, PEDIA 11 - 7 shift MTW January 31 – February 2, February 7 –9, 2011, 6th Rotation 2 nd
Semester)

Reporting

Asthma

Submitted By:

Carino, Shiela Anne C.

Gamer, Jhun Michael

Lopez, Mark Vince G.

Manzano, Arnel P.

Submitted To:

Mr. Jake Mario Del Moral

February 1, 2011
Asthma

A. Introduction
 A chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory system resulting in airway
hyperresponsiveness, mucosal edema, and mucus production. It is largely a reversible process.
 Allergy is the strongest factor for the development of asthma.
 Common allergens are grass; tree; weeds; pollens; mold; dust; roaches; cat/ dpg danders;
histamine rich foods like – eggs, sea foods; snack foods.
 Common triggers for asthma symptoms and exacerbations include airway irritants like air
pollutants, cold, heat, weather changes, strong odors or perfume, smoke, also exertion, and
stress.

B. Pathophysiology

Risk factors for exacerbations

 Allergens
 Respiratory infections
 Weather changes
 Exposure to food,
additives, medications

Chemical Mediators

 Bradykinin
 Histamine
 Prostaglandin
 Serotonin
 Leukotrienes

A. Bronchospasm
B. Mucosal Edema
C. Mucus Production

Symptoms
 Wheezing
 Cough
 Dyspnea
 Chest tightness
 C. Complications
 Status Asthmaticus – Is severe, persistent asthma that does not respond to conventional
therapy, the attacks last longer than 24 hours.

D. Management
 Rest. To reduce oxygen demands of tissues.
 Increase fluid intake. To liquefy mucus secretions.
 Good oral care. To remove sputum and prevent infection.
 Avoid cigarette smoking, alcohol, environmental pollutants. These inhibit mucociliary
function.
 Pharmacotherapy
o Expectorants
o Antitussives
o Bronchodilators
o Antihistamine
o Steroids
o Antimicrobials
o Leukotriene antagonist

Source:

 Medical –Surgical Nursing: Concepts and Clinical Application Second Edition 2009 by Udan