Page 520

.,.,0 z ark s Hi g h I and s

i;.., National Heritage Area

SUBMITTED BY:

Ozark Action, Inc.

710 East Main
West Plains, Missouri 65775
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

•
•
INTRODUCTION

STUDY AREA BOUNDARY AND DESCRIPTION

BOUNDARY DEFINITION OF STUDY AREA

PAGE

PAGE

PAGE
5

11
12
DETERMINING A BOUNDARY PAGE 14

• STUDY AREA HISTORY

STUDY AREA TIMELINE

THEME
THEME
1: AN ENDURING
2: SETTLEMENT,
AND THEMES

OF NATURAL
LAND
SELF-SUFFICIENCY,
AND THE QUEST FOR SECURITY
& CULTURAL HISTORY
PAGE

PAGE
PAGE
PAGE
19
21
22
28

THEME 3: COMMUNITY SURVIVAL THROUGH CREATIVITY PAGE 34

AND INNOVATION

• PROPOSED

COORDINATION
COORDINATING

ALTERNATIVES
ENTITY, APPROACH, AND PAGE 45

• APPLICATION

AND OTHER EMERGING

OF THE NPS HERITAGE

GUIDELINES
AREA CRITERIA PAGE 53

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A: "LEGAL REQUIREMENTS"

APPENDIX B: "PUBLIC SUPPORT"
APPENDIX C: "RECOGNIZED IMPORTANT PLACES"
APPENDIX D: "INVENTORY OF CONTRIBUTING RESOURCES"
APPENDIX E: "COORDINATING ENTITY EVALUATION"
APPENDIX F: "DEFINING IMPORTANT TERMS"

Facing Page: The mill at Alley Spring in the Ozark National Scenic Riverway
Cover Page: Devils Backbone Wilderness Area

F E A S B I LIT Y S T U 0 Y

Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area

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8 INTRODUCTION

The National Heritage Area program has been developed by the National Park Service to

celebrate the culture, natural beauty, recreational opportunities, and history of significant

and distinctive regions across the United States. The Missouri Ozarks Highlands, with its

remarkable landscape, history, and people, could become one of those heritage areas.

Yet, much work and civic commitment will be required to determine if this area is worthy

of such designation, ar;d if so to achieve federal designation through Congress which is

required to create a new National Heritage Area. This Feasibility Study summarizes citi- This cnepter provides a
brief description of the
zen findings and analysis to date. The study outlines possible interpretive themes, along area and an overview
with opportunities for recreation, education, conservation, and economic development. of the study's purpose,
history, and legal
We will explore the challenges and ongoing obligations in creating a National Heritage requirements. This chapter
Area along with possible programmatic alternatives such as seeking designation as a State also describes the public
involvement strategy
Heritage Area. and outcomes including
the themes and heritage
resource inventory.
But, underlying all of this investigation, the most important and compelling question is:

What is it about the land, people, history and culture of the Ozarks Highlands that makes it

nationally-significant for all Americans and a valued place for residents past and future?

UNDERSTANDING OUR LAND AND CULTURE

"Struggle" and "survival", "isolation" and "the quest for a secure life" .' These are some

of the stories and terms that residents involved in writing this study use to define their

own history. During five years of public input guided by Ozark Action Inc. and dedicated

volunteers, dozens of narratives for a potential National Heritage Area have emerged.

This study lays out three interwoven themes embracing this unique landscape, history

and culture-all of which bring new insight to the role of the Ozarks Highlands in the

American story.

Facing Page: Current River in Shannon County

F E A S B L T Y S T U 0 Y

Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area

5
 Page 525

DEFINING NATIONAL HERITAGE AREAS AND

PROPERTY RIGHTS

This area is not a National Heritage Area, this document is

only a study to determine whether or not this area can po-
tentially be a heritage area, and only a step in a long process
with continuous public input.

National Heritage Areas (NHA's) foster grassroots col-

laboration to sustain local economies without govern-
mental land ownership or control. Because they are based
around preservin.g stories, NHA's mark the cutting edge
of preservation. Begun in the 1970s, there are now over
forty National Heritage Areas ranging from the Hudson
River Valley to the newly-designated Freedom's Frontier in
western Missouri and eastern Kansas.

One way to understand this evolving program is to ask

what National Heritage Areas are not. They are not con-
trolled from Washington, DC. They are also not a National
Park, not a National Monument, not a National Forest, nor
even an administered unit of the National Park Service. No
land is owned or managed by the National Park Service un-
der this program. Their involvement is as an advisor to an
independent group that is located in the region. Every new
National Heritage Area has included this Private Property
Protection Clause in its enabling legislation:

''Nothing in this Management Plan shall be construed to

Above: Log Cabin reconstruction in Ripley County.
require a'!)' private property owner to permit public access
(including Federal, State, or local government access) to
such private property. Nothing in this Management Plan
shall be construed to modify a'!)' provision oj Federal,
State, or local law Jvith regard to public access to or use
oj private lands. "

In short, this policy means that the National Heritage Area

cannot force people into the program and cannot seize
private property in any way. Concerns over property rights
are understandable in the Ozark region given the events
several decades ago of federal land seizures to create scenic
waterways forest areas.

The NHA program is led and managed by area residents. It

is intended as a voluntary partnership that helps citizens to
steward the regional ecologies, historic resources, and local
economies that they best understand. It is hoped that those
who are concerned about private property protection join
this effort so their concerns can be addressed.

F E A S B L T Y S T U 0 Y
Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area

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SUMMARY OF THE STUDY TO FOLLOW

After this Introduction, the Feasibility Study will include

the following chapters as recommended by National Park
Service Guidelines:

Chapter 2: "Study Area Boundary and Description"
asks hGWnatural history, regional isolation and human
set1!lementskapeel eeonemis.growth, arts, a1'10 culnase eyer
the generatiorrs and lays out alternative possible boundar-
ies that were considered for Ozarks Highlands National
Heritage Azea. The chapter includes information on the
aemogmaplliksand eCO!il0myof tKe area toaay and recem-
mends a preferred boundary with alternatives.
Chapter 3:' "Theme" explores the natural history of the
region that shaped topography, rivers, and soils. We then
consider the effects that this naturallegacy had on human
ciii1tw'erangrng from Native Americans to American ellPan-
sion, the location of mills, towns, mines and farming. It
also describes three themes that crystallize the culture and
landssapes ef the Ozarks Highlands, why they are unique
ia the world, and how they have national significance in
the American story. Between 2006 and 2010, Ozark Action
conducted meetings in each county with groups such as
histotical/gtmealGgfcal societies, atts organizations, com-
munity development groups, Native American communities
and social service agencies to gather input on themes for
the peteatia] Heritage Area. The themes that are emerg-
ing embrace the history of the land, its impact on cultural
isolation with associated challenges, and the genesis of a
distinctive and inventive culture. Three broad themes that
emel1gethat can be summarized as:

Theme 1: An Enduring Land

Theme 2: Settlement, Self-sufficiency, and the Quest

for Security

Theme 3: Community Survival through Creativity and

Innovation

'Fhe long-term educational and interptetive goal for the Na-

Above: Defined Study Area tional Heritage Area pwgram is that visitors and residents
will understand how the culture and accomplishments of
the Ozarks }i!Iighlandscould only happeJ1lhere and nowhere
else. This chapter examines the feasibility ef achieving
these goals and related interpretation. We will explore the
resources available and the inherent challenges of reveal-
ing them and making them accessible to bread audiences.
Everyone from young students growing up here to visitors
who came for a river trip, can one day understand how-in
the OZaFks-ge0graphy, human history, and innovation are
inter-related.

F E A S B L T Y S T U D Y
Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area
7
 Page 527
Above: One-room schoolhouse, Shannon County.
Chapter 4: "Coordination Alternatives" describes and
evaluates the alternatives for management, funding, and
investment tJr..ieritizatiofl..Ft0m'Gitizea i1'1pu!,we outline ~,
their strengths and weaknesses and recommend the stron-
gest alternative. Such possibilities for future management
approaches include
No action at all
Seeking to achieve a National Heritage Area desig-
nation
£eciking tG cseate a State Herltage Nea
Seeking recognition as a National Recteation Area
without any other heritage designation
Other options blending public and private pro-
grams
The chapter also 'e';'aluates.coordinating entity options for
the National Heritage Area alternative.
F E
8
Chapter 5: "Application of the NPS Heritage Area
Criteria and Other Emerging Guidelines" evaluates the
feasibility a1<l@
suitability of congressional designation of
the study area as a National Heritage Area according to the
four steps and ten criteria identified in the National Park
Service's "Draft National Heritage Area Feasibility Study
Guidelines" (NRS 2eJ03). I1'l addition, this chapter will C01'1-
sider emerging guidelifles and best practices and how they
can be applied to this study area.
If the residents of the Ozarks Highlands choose to pursue
National Heritage Area designation, they w.illlikely pursue
a Management Plan that demonstrates in detail how the
region meets the following ten criteria. Chapter 5 will weigh
. the challenges and.feasibility of meeting each of these
criteria.
Ultimately, the feasibility study will recommend that the
region is worthy of National Heritage Area designation, if
desired and promered further. We will also discuss chal-
lenges and next steps in strengthening the region's ability to
meet each of the criteria.
A S B L T Y S T U 0 Y
Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area
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STUDY APPENDICES

In order to document the process to date and to gather in-

formation supporting the feasibility of a National Heritage
Area designation, this report concludes with five appendi-
ces:

Appendi?"A typically lists ,~'Legal Requirements" that guide

this study including public laws, mandates and other l~gal
documents, Feasibility studies can-be enacted by Congress
and.would be reflected in this appendix, but as a locally
sponsored NHA feasibility, study through Ozark Action,"
Inc. there is no direct legal mandate which guided this.
'study, ' ' ':l', ''''. ," '\ ,-" ',.

'i.
Appendix B documents "Public Support" including' a list
of organizations tha! have participatedin the study,clet}ers
of support and/or commitment to work together to fur-
ther the area ,in ,a~hieVing the vision, reselutions to support
the designation of a National Heritage Area designation,
, specific input from r~side~ts that shaped and informed
the assessment,organized by workshop" surveys, letters
)1 ", '
orphone calls llstfnded):o inforJn the assessment by.the
con trib U t O.r. ",~,
~.II~~~t" f
' ~
,
..·~f

'1\ppendix Clists "Recognized Important Places" including

a!l,regional, state.or federal listings for the National Regis-
ter of 1{istoriC';P[~ces, NationalLandmarks and National' ,
Natural Landmarks; This appendix includes all contributing
cultural landscapes that have been identified 'and assessed,
recognized archeological sites and; significant features that
speak to the uniqueness of theplace, '

Appendix.D lists an "Inventory of Contributing Resourc-

es" identified through the public process that speak specifi-
cally to the }D;v:eraEc~g theme and the sub-themes:

Appendix !Edocuments ,"Cb0tdinating Eptity Evaluation"

by including the requests for information from prospec-
tive applicants, .selection process and factors 'considered
and a letter from the Regional Director of the National
". I: . ~
Park Service if one of the applicants meets the capab\lity
requirements should the area move forward in the designa-
tion process.

Appendix Fprovides working definitions for document

ter'minology by "Defining Important Terms,"

F E A S B L T Y S T U D Y

Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area

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o STUDY AREA BOUNDARY AND DESCRIPTION

This chapter proposes a boundary for the proposed Ozarks Highlands National Heritage

area reflecting the distinct role that it has played in national history. For practical purposes,

this boundary defines the area where Congressionally-appropriated ational Heritage Area

funds can be spent.

Citizen input over the last several years along with research studies provide a wealth of
This chapter describes
ideas for criteria for choosing boundaries. Many cultural geographers have discussed how the proposed boundary
for the National Heritage
long-term residents achieve a "sense of place" and a "sense of region." Enduring place
Area, as well as alternative
names, geographic features such as rivers, and ethnic settlement patterns can all make one boundaries that were
considered. The rationale
region recognized as distinct from another.
and process by which the
preferred boundary was
chosen is described in
Regions such as the Ozarks Highlands can be scaled and delineated in many ways. Through-
further detail.
out the public input process in 2010, area citizens continually defined their home region
The chapter also provides
through natural resources, events, and stories. The following sections describe how the
the demographic and
thirteen counties chosen for the Ozarks National Heritage Area share important cultural and socioeconomic highlights
of the proposed National
geographic qualities unique to this region. As will be discussed further in chapter five, the
Heritage Area boundaries.
unity and intactness of themes, stories, and historic resources and these thirteen counties'

support the identified themes and National Heritage Area guidelines for inclusion.

Facing Page: Grand Gulf State Park, Oregon County

F E A S B L T Y S T U 0 Y
Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area
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THE STUDY AREA BOUNDARY

Using the rationale derived from citizen feedback and

criteria established for National Heritage Areas, the study
area boundary shall include all of the following counties in
the State of Missouri: Carter, Dent, Douglas, Howell, Iron,
Oregon, Ozark, Reynolds, Ripley, Shannon, Texas, Wayne,
and Wright counties.

Above: The Study Area.

F E A S B L T Y S T U D Y

Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area

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F E A S B L T Y S T U 0 Y
Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area

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[There is an] Incredible amount
of biodiversity here.... On the
eastern edge nof the study area]
where the Mississippi alluvial
valley meets the (harks escarp-
ment it's an ecotonal region
and you've got the resources of
both. They are very, very dif-
ferent environments. You've got
theMi§sissiPPi Valley with the
river and bottomland swamp
hardwood and you've got the
Ozarks.
~Dr. CindJ Price, Archeologist,
US Forest Service, (Retired)
F E
14
DETERMINING A BOUNDARY
In response to the National Park Service guidelines for a
National Heritage Area Feasibility Study, one of the core
concepts is that a conceptual boundary map is supported
by the public. Ideally, the boundary should best meet the
NPS Heritage Area criteria outlined in chapter 5.
The process for determining a boundary was initially
discussed during the initial report prepared by Ozark
Action, Inc. '54 Rep011on Traditional Artistic Activi!J in the
South-Central and Southeast Missouri Ozarks and the Possibility
of Pursuing National Heritage Area Status "in 2007. This study
did provide the opportunity to further explore options for
a National Heritage Area, as well as advantages and disad-
vantages for each. Although this study did not meet civic
engagement requirements, it provided a framework for
understanding the core direction and values of the heritage
area, and provided a direction for conceptual boundaries.
The discussion of the study area boundary was a critical
component of the civic engagement process, done in tan-
dem with thematic development
After applying National Park Service guidelines for a
National Heritage Area. The boundary considerations are
framed into two formats: scale and delineation. The first,
scale, is a broad-based review of the overall geographic
size of the National Heritage Area. A smaller area may
not encompass all of the areas reflected in the themes and
resources, and may not have enough relevance to be an
area of national significance. A larger area may incorporate
a wealth of significant features such as natural forms or
cultural ethos but also may not have enough homogeneity
to provide one consistent case thatlit is a cohesive, nation-
ally important landscape arising fro~n patterns of human
aCtlV1ty. I
The second, delineation, refers to the organizing elements
that frame the boundaries of the area. These can be natural
features such as rivers and watersheds, transportation net-
works, topography, or endemic species locations, cultural
features such as ethnic homelands, colonial culture hearths,
or economic activities; or political features such congressio-
nal districts or county lines. These delineations can frame
the area exclusively or in combination with one another.
The overall intent is to provide a logical basis supported by
the public to describe the resources and themes that define
the region itself, define the region uniquely from surround-
ing regions, and define the region unique to anywhere else
in America.
A S B L T Y S T U 0 Y
Ozarks Highlands Nation~1 Heritage Area
 Page 534
BOUNDARY SCALES CONSIDERED
Core Scale
The core scale provides the most homogenous cultural and
natural features that could effectively meet the National
Heritage Area criteria. This area would be centered around
the highlands of the Current, Eleven Point, and Spring
River watersheds.
Positives: This scale is relatively homogenous in regards
cultural history, so it would be fairly easy to formulate a sin-
gle, coherent account of how its cultural history fits within
that of the nation as a whole. A case can be brought that
this area is the clearest exemplar of a specific meta-regional
culture - that of the Anglo-American Upland South - with
some distinctive elements of its own (e.g., material culture
associated with Current River folklife, etc.). These three
river watersheds are also closely associated with federally
recognized natural resources in the Ozark National Scenic
Riverways and the Eleven Point National Wild and Scenic
River. This could be a natural! cultural expression similar to
other riparian focused National Heritage Areas.
Negatives: If the cultural focus is exclusively devoted to
Anglo-American Upland Southern culture with an empha-
sis on traditional artistic activity the core scale wouldn't
be sufficiently distinctive to warrant its designation as
a Heritage Area. During civic engagement, themes and
stories such as riparian culture, environmental devastation
and historic protections, and community self-reliance were
expressed across a much wider region.
Above: The boundary scales considered for the feasibility study.
F E A S B L T Y S T
Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area
Regional Scale
The regional scale includes a larger region of comparable
natural and cultural features across the eastern Missouri
Ozarks.
Positives: This scale incorporate elements of the cultural
history of the Missouri Ozarks Highlands that significantly
differentiate this region from other regions of the Upland
South or Ozarks. Themes and stories identified during
civic engagement found a high degree of commonality
throughout the region. Natural resources are also similar
as a concentration of sparsely developed rugged upland
watersheds.
Negatives: By incorporating a "middle-option" it provides
neither the cultural homogeneity of a core scale nor the
palette of options and resources available to a larger scale.
Physiographic Scale
The physiographic scale identifies the most comprehensive
scale that encompasses a distinct natural and cultural area:
the entire Ozark Plateau and Ozarks culture.
Positives: By incorporating the entire Ozark Plateau, the
story of the Ozarks could be comprehensively told as a
unique cultural contribution to the national story. This also
could provide opportunities to interpret the many distinc-
tive features of the Ozarks Anglo-American Upland South
culture. By incorporating larger population bases such
as Springfield, Branson, and Bentonville there is a much
more greater opportunity for finding sustainable funding
sources in the region. Other National Heritage Areas have
incorporated distinct themes without interpretive overlap.
With broader themes, there is more of an opportunity to
celebrate more stories.
Negatives: Although "Ozark Culture" has been traditionally
used to describe this region as a whole, there are notable
cultural and natural differences throughout in the Ozark
Plateau: particularly between upland and lowland areas,
North and South, densely and sparsely populated areas, and
lake culture vs. stream culture. This region would also be
over 300 miles across making it a challenge to craft inter-
pretive connections, provide comprehensive civic engage-
ment, and facilitate assistance in a balanced manner across
the whole of the region.
U 0 Y
15
 Page 535
There has been a divergence of natural and cultural identity
over different areas of the Ozarks. The western Ozarks
has seen an influx of population since the 1950s, and many
existing interpretations of Ozark culture in the western
Ozarks are different from those described in the civic
engagement process to the east. The cultural identity as a
"Missourian" and "Arkansan" being different was repeated
by many in the engagement process as well. The themes
identified in Chapter 3 are highly interwoven expressions
of a region that would not necessarily apply at a physio-
graphic scale.
-.In .:th~,.i{)rverCurren"t~iver:'v~b:"'"
ley, bdowVanBurentthepresen'ce
of larger commercial farms and
some farms .considered plantations
marked a contrast from the upper
,Curre~tI selpsufficietl~%t:/ljbeef.~I.,
nomic difference rejlectsachange
in geography;for theCurreni/River
widened in the south and created
wider more fertile alluvial valleys.
-Donald L SteiJi!tis,jr.
''A Homeland and a Hinterlanti
Jacks Fork Rivenvqys. "
F E
16
BOUNDARY DELINEATIONS CONSIDERED
County Delineation
The county delineation approach identifies counties within
the region that contain resources which reflect the themes
developed in the civic engagement process.
Positives: There is a strong affiliation to county in the civic
engagement process. Stories are often described and clari-
fied by describing which county a person came from or
where a natural resources is located.
Negatives: County lines were not developed to express cul-
tural boundaries and in many instances do not correspond
to natural boundaries.
Watersheds Delineation
This delineation uses hydrological watersheds as an orga-
nizing tool to define the region.
Positives: The engagement process proffered many con-
nections to rivers around the region, which offers a logical
natural organizational feature through watersheds. As a
dessicated plateau, the natural resources in the region have
been significantly affected by the hydrological forces over
time.
Negatives: The watershed is not necessarily a logical orga-
nizing element to express river stories. Stories and themes
relating to the river are generally located on or alongside
the river or stream in question, whereas a watershed bound-
ary can be miles away. A watershed would also include
geographically and culturally contrasting upstream highland
and downstream lowland areas.
Geographic Delineation
The delineation can correspond to the Ozark Plateau in-
cluding the eastern Salem Plateau and St. Francois Moun-
tains.
Positives: This is one of the more effective methods of
providing a natural organizational entity to the region with-
out utilizing a watershed approach.
Negatives: Many in the civic engagement process had never
heard of the term "Salem Plateau" and did not feel it best
identified their region.
A S B L T Y S T U D Y
Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area

Above: The watersheds of the region (shown as a brown boundary) can also be viewed as an alternative delinator of the study boundary. Their
elevated position in the Ozarks highlands, however, may be better expressed through the highlighted county delineation.
Cultural Delineation
This delineation attempt to form a boundary through
cultural boundaries instead of natural or political boundar-
ies by definiting a Missouri Anglo-American Upland South
cultural area.
Positives: Opportunity to formulate a single, coherent
account of how the cultural history fits within that of the
nation as a whole.
egatives: The cultural history of the region arguably
differs enough (Native American, German, and Eastern
European cultural stories are prevalent through the region)
to make the account of the cultural history more complex
than necessary as a boundary delineator. It is also a chal-
lenge to define with precision where a culture "begins" and
"ends." This approach may have the unintended conse-
quence of appearing culturally exclusive of other stories.
F E A S B L T Y S T
Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area
Page 536
, Preferred. Delineation: County Approach.
':rilie<county approach offers an effective method of defin-
ing a distinct natural resource area including upland rivers
and topography as well. as a cultural identifier. County
orgaruz"ation also facilitates support from political entities
within the region as has been shown in the initial public
support included in Appendix B.
Again, the study area boundary and recommendations are
only a propoal. If continued civic engagement identifies a
resources outside the proposed study boundary, a possible
solution may be found through means other the COW1.ty
approach, such as including only a watershed in that county
(i.e. the entire X River watershed located in Y County) or
roadways (i.e. the area north of X Highway).
U 0 Y
17
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o STUDY AREA HISTORY AND THEMES

Different maps ask different questions-and as we have seen, there are many ways to map

the Ozarks region. In developing historic themes and a Statement of National Significance

there are also many ways to document and map the region's human history.

We can consider the breadth of natural history including the volcanic uplift, glacial advances,

and erosive forces that shaped the land. Taking this ecological-historical approach, we ask This chapter explores the
how soils, plants, animal species and water tables shaped the location of early settlement
natural history of the region
that shaped topography,
and trails. rivers, and soils. It then
consider the effects that this
natural legacy had on human
If we look at the history of modern settlement and immigration, we can compare the culture ranging from Native
relative isolation of the Ozarks with more rapidly growing and densely populated 18th,
Americans to American
expansion, the location of
19th, and 20th century settlement areas. We can ask why settlers stayed or moved around mills, towns, mines and
farming. It also describes
the Ozarks Highlands.
three themes that crystallize
the culture and landscapes
of the Ozarks Highlands, why
The study area's history and themes can be viewed as a "story ecosystem," a web of stories
they are unique in the world,
that lead up to, include and inspire the culture today. In this approach, no one theme stands and how they have national
alone, but instead they are related as a network that is both self-contained and connected
significance in the American
story.
to larger national trends.

After a broad and continuing civic engagement process, this chapter describes the story

that is uniquely local that contributes to our nation's story. These themes collectively set this

landscape apart from any other and help to tell a story that "could only happen here."

Facing Page: Forged hunting devices in the Current River Heritage Museum

F E A S B L T Y S T U D Y

Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area

19
 Page 539

The three themes developed from civic engagement are

highly interwoven concepts. "The Enduring Land" de-
scribes the natural history and resources of the region
before and after human impact, "Settlement, Self-sufficien-
cy, and the Quest for Security" are the unique stories of
isolation and settlement before the late 19th century and
"Community Survival through Creativity and Innovation"
are the cultural impacts that emerged from the life in the
region from the late 19th century to the mid 20th century.

These themes can alternatively be described under one

Above: The east fork of the Black River in Johnson's Shut-ins State
Park. This park'S unique landscape and rugged beauty is an excel-
lent example of a potential contributing site to the "Enduring Land"
theme described in this chapter.
Source: www.missouristateparks.net. retrieved December 7, 2010
meta-theme: the unique Ozarks highlan.ds landscape
directed who would come here, who would settle here, and
how they would live their lives. How and why this occurred
is the story worth expressing though a National Heritage
Area.
The pages to follow describe the themes in further detail,
as well as outline some contributing story arcs or "sub-
themes" that can be pursued.

F E A S B L T Y S T U D Y

Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area

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STUDY AREA TIMELINE OF NATURAL AND CULTURAL HISTORY

.1
~,
0
~
•...
~
. I

~
~

>< 1100 A.D. ISOLATED NATIVE AMERICAN SETTLEMENT INTO THE REGION
~.
0
E-<
sr:
•... 1300
::c ARCHEOLOGICAL "DEAD ZONE" (C. 1350) WITH NO EVIDENCE OF REGIONAL SETTLEMENT

~ 1500
~
< OSAGE SETTLEMENT IN THE 1700s RE-ESTABLISHES ARCHEOLOGICAL RECORD
~ 1700

b~tJISI:A:NA' PtJReHAsE{1803}1· ..•••••

.-..-"".-~.-'"
EARL-Y EURCl-AM~RICAN SE'FTLEMENT 0,N EASTERN FRINGES OF THE OZARKS
co: '; '. ~. ~. " ,-(it .""" q '<'~
MISS@lJRI STATEHOQD (182\J)
FIRST TIMBER MILLS APPEAR ON THE GASCONlIDE RIvER
)f;.. .'. :-:,'/ .: ~ ,

TRAIL OF 'fEARS BRINGS CHEROKEE, SHAWNEE, AND DELAWARE TO THE AREA

, 1840

.,:FlJGITIVES & SLAVES REL.OCATE; OR MQVE THRQUGH REGION

",""'",'~"~ .. ' .J.: .' <'J. . ~ :, .' •

.' ,w,- 1860 i, Civ,I~ 'WNt- BA:rTLlis, SImU.1ISHES, AND ffi\IDS RAVAGE COUNTRYSIDE AND 'POPULATION

EARLY RAILROM> CONsliRUCTION TO THE REGION

"LE~ ~b Ikot MININ~, TiMBER HAiVESTING BEGINS ON ~ INDtJS;RIAL SCALE
. SE'I;1~ERS DRAWNI:t;'1,TO ~INES AND MILLS [0/ THE REGION
EXTENS1VKGRIST MIIl:; CONSTRWCTI0N @N AREA STREAMS
VERY LIl'>1;FfEDELECDRIFICATIQN AND TELEPHONE SERVICE BEGINS
1900 FRUIT AND ORCHARD PRODUCTION ON LARGE SCALE ON CLEARED LANDSCAPE
WHOLESALE HABITAT DESTRUCTION AND EARLY PEAK OF HUMAN POPULATION
1910 LARGE TIMBER COMPANIES LEAVE, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEVASTATION
TRANSITION FROM FARMING TO RANCHING WITH INTRODUCTION OF FESCUE GRASS
1920 ALDO LEOPOLD'S WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES BEGIN IN THE AREA
OPENING OF HIGHWAYS BRINGS FIRST TOURISTS TO REGION
1930 GREAT DEPRESSION
START OF FOREST SERVICE MANAGEMENT, MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION
EXTENSIVE CCC WORK IN THE REGION DURING THE DEPRESSION
1940 WORLD WAR II AND TRANSFORMATION OF REGION BY RURAL ELECTRIFICATION,
PAVED ROADS. CASHLESS ECONOMY AND BARTERING ENDS
1950 OAK-HICKORY FORESTS COVER MUCH OF THE REGION'S LANDSCAPE

1960 "GOLDFIRE" ARMY EXERCISE UTILIZES RUGGED LANDSCAPE AS A TRAINING RESOURCE

ESTABLISHMENT OF OZARK NATIONAL SCENIC RIVERWAYS PROVIDES JOBS BUT DISPLACES RESIDENTS.

1970

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SUB-THEME
A Geological Region of Lasting Importance

The region is one of many superlative natural features. The

rivers and springs emerging from the karst topography are
of a pristine condition celebrated both by locals, visitors,
and by the NPS. The Ozark National Scenic Riverways is
one of many such features.

There are over two-hundred endemic species of plants and

animals in the area that are protected in over one hundred
conservation areas throughout the region. The Grand Gulf
is a dramatic expression of karst topography. Big Spring is
one of the largest single outlet springs in the world.

It is also a rugged land untouched by glaciation, contain-

ing the oldest mountains in the country, the St. Francouis
Mountains, which are a pre-cambrian formation primarily
consisting of distinctive rhyolite outcrop pings and granites.

Although the natural beauty and recreational opportunities

is extensive in this region and has the appearance of being
untouched by human activity, this is not to imply that the
landscape of the Ozarks is the exact same condition as
pre-settlement. Indeed, the open pine savannah landscape
prior to logging has largely returned as an Oak-Hickory
forest. Nor does it imply that the landscape shall refrain
from change. A group of local farmers commented on the
changing landscape of the region during civic engagement:

Ms. Clarkston believes that noxious and/ or invasive

species are increasingjy a problem. Many non-native spe-
cies have proliferated here in recentyears. AdditionallY,
many native plants that once relativelY controllable, such
as blackberries, are becoming more diffimlt to contain be-
cause dimate change has made conditions more favorable
for them. This makes management of farmland more
challenging. Blackberries have been especiallY problem-
s
atic on Ms. Clarkson property latelY - very diffimlt
to keep in check. Mr. Clark notes that the proliferation
of armadillos during the time he's lived here has been a
significant part of that phenomenon. Knapn/eed, musk
thistle, other noxious weeds that mere unknOJvn here as
recentlY as the 70s are creating difficulties now, according
to Mr. Flowers.

-Civic Engagement Discussion with David Melton,

Terry Flowers, Anita Carter Clarkston, and David
Clark - Houston, Missouri, August 24,2010

F E A S B L T Y S T U D Y

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This theme offers an opportunity to interpret the dynamic

nature of a landcape that-although enduring, remains in
constant change. This can be interpreted in unique ways:
for example, the Missouri Forest Resource Assessment and Strate-
gy predicts the White Oak population will be reduced in the
region in the future. This are can potentially interpret the
affects of natural change on traditional crafts and folklife
in such things as white oak basketry and in constructing
wooden tools and crafts.

, '-, ',- ' .. , ..",. ""'.'-":-,

As. ctn.b.u:tsidert~~CunIqr.tutia~~.",.,
stereotyp~",cofnes'tomind of th~yard
clutte/ed'"with cast~o1fsand dirty -
children running around. BUt" that
is not the Ozarks.L'see the "Ozwks"
now asfloating on the Northfork
and jamilies enjoying what nature
has too!ff!(. Above: Below 'The Narrows" in Ozark County, a landscape fre-
quently mentioned in civic engagement sessions.

-H?;vell Counry, Miss()1~: resident ~7'vicengagement

response)

Figure 3.7 USFSClimate Change Tree Atlas:

Current and Predicted Future Distribution of Two Select Tree Species
C:;;e;urc .• , Pra, ••d 20(9)

\VblteOak

Predicted Future Habitat SuitabUity

CUlTBnt Modeled Distribution ",vitl!.Improved Fossil Fuel Conservation

Source: Missouri Forest Resource Assessment and Strategy

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 Page 543
SUB-THEME
Extraction, Devastation, and Recovery of the Land
What makes this land also unique is that it has endured
through a dramatic imprint of human activity.
The history of farming, logging, milling, and mining has
had a significant natural and economic impact on the
=s=»
In the late 19th century, the landscape of the Ozarks High-
lands began to change radically with the industrial-scale
extraction enterprises that supplied the rest of the country
with needed resources, particularly lumber, pulpwood,
lead, and iron. Some of the largest lead mines in the world
were located in this region for over fifty years. The Mis-
souri Ozarks would be known as the world's foremost lead
district, producing an estimated 70 to 90 percent of the
United States' primary supply. These activities transformed
the land through clearcutting, mining spoils, and increased
human settlement.
F E
24
Resource extraction sometimes conveys a negative stereotype,
but it is important to note that in interpretation there are no
"good" or "bad" stories. There are often multiple perspectives
of the same story that are acknowledged. The economic impact
of many industries provided many people the means to emerge
from a life of self-sufficiency, for ecample. The purpose of this
theme is to describe industry's significant impact on this region,
and also how when some industrial practices left environmental
devastation the landscape recovered through natural succession,
human adaptation, and conservation practices. For example:
after the large-scale clearcutting of the pine forests ended in
1910, the landscape has recovered and endured in many areas.
By describing and interpreting how the landscape has changed
over time through human impact and uncovering the scars left
on the landscape for future generations the story of the area
can be further understood.
A S B L T Y S T U D Y
Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area
 Page 544

Above: The Grandin Mill c. 1906 in Carter County. This mill and
others utilized logging practices that left the countryside denuded of
trees.
Source: That's the Way it Was, Thelma McManus, Acclaim Press 2008 Above: Abandoned quarry at Elephant Rocks State Park

The loss of so many trees

through unbridled lumber-
ing, however, damaged the
natural and thus the cultural
habitat of the traditional
homeland.

Ozark N.S.R Historic ResourceStudy

Deforestation and the Rise of Modern
Recreation
Above: Yellow pine logging activities.
Source: Ozark NSR: A Homeland and a Hinterland, http://www.nps.
gov/history/history/online_books/ozar/hrst.htm retrieved December
22,2010.

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SUB-THEME
The Conservation Ethic

The area has a large number of conservation areas, wilder-

ness areas, parks, public forests, and protected riverways.
This is a reflection and result of the conservation move-
ment that effected this region. This includes Aldo Leo-
pold's conservation programs to restore native animal
speCIes.

The establish of Ozark protections on the natural land-

scape and the legacy that followed. For example, the estab-
lishment of the Ozark National Scenic Riverways protected
and preserved the natural character of the upper Current
River and provides jobs and recreation opportunities, but it
also utilized practicces that forced people off their property
and reinforced a distrust of federal authority for many. The
multiple viewpoints of conservation on this landscape can
be explored through this sub-theme.

fFher:etlr~~Jstories!'CJbo~:t~hfi~"Wdp
pened when the Park Service created.
the.scenic hverways, Tku;ydid;dt", ..
recognize the ZocalpeojJZe,_'Ihey tore
downschool~andclisp.laced fami- .
··li~~,'lt·wa.sthe·njOvfeoh' $ftanfz'r/r{"
Comity by Bob Flanders/Lynn Mot: .
row!others tha{'tnqaeitd~ar.dQout
the value oftherivirsas dpational
heritage.

-Reynolds COl!.'!t:y,Missputi
tespo1!se} ." .. . ":;

Above: Natural resources profile with several resources higlighted.

F E A S B L T Y S T U D Y

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J Page 546

F E A S B L T Y S T U 0 Y

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 Page 547

•• .md~ natives o/"this area, like ma~ Missourians'c\l"i11.2'i!!,?c.;.,r"C,;lil

throughout the state, are very conscious oj its having ,
been a part oj the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 and of
it'Sr:olein:tbe westwm:a expansion oj the United States.
Thry regard the earlY-19th-century Anglo-American
settlement of th,earea as part of a distinct and com-
parativelY latephase ofAnglo-Amen'can migration
within what is now considered the Upland South .....
It represented a newfrontier, a sitefor the creation of a
future as much asfor the preservation of a past.

-A Report on Traditional ArtislicActiviEY in the SOltth,Central and

S outbeast Miss.dllfi Ozarks and tbe Possibilit:yof PIIrr/!ingNational
Heritage Area S lair". By Matt Meacham witb gllidancefrom Kotbltm
Morriss,y,']JJigh A,dams.p,d members of-'tbe West Plains .COIInalon the
. ". ;:-,11 . ""

" Ans. West PlaillS. Missollri. Slimmer 2007. p.5

This theme describes the effects that the land had on limit-
ing settlement to isolated pockets in the region-a-and how
isolationaffected theirrelationship with the outside world
(' . -*",,:~,~, .
up to the late 19th century Willi the arrival ofrailtoads and
industry.

Although there is archeological evidence of settlement pri-

or to the 14th century, there was an archaeological "gap" of
time where no settlement evidence has been disccovered.
Isolated settlements appeared again with the movement of
the Osage in the late 18th century to the Ozarks HigWands.

In the early 19th century, the Ozarks were part of the

"frontier"-quite literally, the front tier of lands being
settled by Euro-American citizens and new immigrants
from eastern and southern states. Yet the region is unusual
in that many of these original settlers stayed; and their
customs, dialects, and self-sufficiency endured and adapted
with the land. In the case of the Trail of Tears, a chapter
that is increasingly told as part of the Ozarks story, there is
now significant representation of Native American ethnic-
ity in the region.

Personal security was also dramatically affected by the

American Civil War. The isolated, rugged nature of this
region led to a very different style of warfare that led to the
near total depopulation of the Ozarks Highlands. Above: Recently commemorated Confederate memorial in Mans-
field. Missouri.

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Contributing Sites and Activities Related to this Theme

Site Name County City Access
Carter County Historical Society Carter Van Buren Public
Log Cabin
Area Courthouses Varous
Coward's Hollow Natural Area Carter Public

Hidden Log Cabin Museum Carter Van Buren Public

Pioneer Museum Carter Ellsinore Public Note: The list of contributing sites and
Topaz Mill Douglas Private activities related to all themes is not
Fort Davidson State Historic Site Iron Public
intended as a exclusive list of every
possible contributing site. There may
Ulysses S. Grant Monument Iron Ironton Public
be a number of additional locations
Boze Mill Spring Oregon Public that have contributions to themes and
Falling Spring and Mill Oregon Public stories if the area is acknowledged
Irish Wilderness Oregon Public as a National Heritage Area, and
Kelly Cave Oregon Public contibuting sites can interpret multiple
Turners Mill Oregon Public themes.
DawtMili Ozark Public
Additionally, with interpretive and
Gammond Mill Ozark Public
educational development there may
Hodgson Mill Ozark Public be opportunities to showcase parts of
Rockbridge Mill Ozark Public the NHA's story in alternative locations
Zanoni Mill Ozark Private such as area restaurants, lodgings,
Pioneer Heritage Homestead Ripley Doniphan Public businesses that wish to VOluntary
Akers Ferry Shannon
interpret a part of the NHA's story.
Public
Alley Spring Grist Mill Shannon Public
Texas County Missouri Historical & Texas Houston Public
Military Museum
Baker Creek Heirloom Seed Wright Mansfield Public
Company
Laura Ingalls Wilder Home and Wright Mansfield Public
Museum
Battle of Hartville Interpretive Wright Hartville Public
Panels

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SUB-THEME
Off the Path, On the River

During the early to mid 19th-century Westward expansion
the Ozarks Highlands had an experience that was quite dif-
ferent from other parts of the frontier.
A vast majority of settlers bypassed the Ozarks Highlands
given the option of selecting flatter, more tillable land with
good soils to the west and north. The ruggedness of this
terrain precluded the development of trails that would con-
nect to other portions of the United States for trade. The
area became a backwater to the trading networks that devel-
oped along the Mississippi, Arkansas and Missouri Rivers
during this time.
This challenge became an opportunity for many who
wished to escape the more densely populated sections of
the country, either by choice or by force.
The first large-scale instance of this was with the Trail of
Tears, which worked around the area aside from a branch
of the Northern Route known as Hildebrand's Route. This
was done simply because it was the path of least resistance
to the western territories. There is ample evidence of a-
tive Americans from various tribes "jumping off' the trail
and hiding in the Ozarks Highlands. This use of the area to
hide from authority was also used by fugitives and escaped
slaves who moved through or settled in the region.
Because of the landscape, a unique culture began to evolve
that was oriented around the easiest method of transport
and location for farms: the many rivers and streams in the
region. Trade and communication largely occurred through
these valleys, but on a much smaller scale than in other re-
gions in the United States. Instead of settlement for large-
scale agricultural production and trade goods, the economy
was based largely around survival and self-sufficiency.
Matt Meacham argues that regardless of whether residents
think of themselves as connected to Appalachia or the
West, there is a strong sense of connection to past ways of
life in a kind of "perpetuated frontier." Connecting to both
a sense of the past and future, the perpetuated frontier is
a useful metaphor for interpretive development. This area,
in essence, became the last Eastern frontier. Although not
longer at the leading edge of growth, the area maintains
traditions of self-reliance and connection to the land from
the time when it was a frontier. Why such activities as hunt-
ing, fishing, and canning endure here more than in other
places is a question that should be explored.

'~"

1heWestrvqr4"movment~".f6rfn~dan
arc: 'around Missouri's):ug "zark
,hills· ~he're'(ml&,tljew'eq.ua': ..,.",ug'<."
ged individuals and fainUtes.fi)tered
into these'secondary,f:i11erv~lleys
on the. upland fringes ofMisso'uri's
booming population centers ..

~Donald L. Stevens, J1:

''A Homeland and ~ Hinterland. The Current and
Jacks Fork RiVC1WcryS.ri

Above: The eroded karst topography provided a number of

caves and hideouts for those who wished to avoid detection.

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 Page 550

And it was adapted to the woods and

Above: Historic Paths through the region such as the Trail of Tears
(purple) and Old Southwest Trail would go around the majority of the
the resources and the soil. It was also
region instead of through it due to the terrain. a linear style of settlement. It was
focused along the rivers. If you think
in the Ozarks with the ridges and the
valleys, the folks who are in the val-
leys, and they're going up and down
the valleys, they're crossing the ridges.
But you don't get spread out, you get a
very linear settlement pattern in here.
There's no place else to go with that
cultural adaptation. You're going to be
in the Great Plains, you're going to be
somewhere else. So that Ozark culture
that came here from Appalachia actu-
ally began to change over time in the
Ozarks with specific adaptations to the
Ozark environment.

-Dr. Cinc!JPrice, An'heologist, US Forest Service (Ret.)

FEASIBILITY S T U 0 Y
Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area
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 Page 551

SUB-THEME
Lawlessness in a Time of War

The very isolation that attracted many settlers to the
Ozarks Highlands also left it vulnerable during times
of war. Although Missouri was one of the most fiercely
contested states during the Civil War, the rugged terrain
precluded the large set-piece battles occurring throughout
the rest of the United States. Indeed, the limited infra-
structure and resources offered little strategic incentive for
either side to hold on to the region. The de facto Northern
border became the area north of the highlands while the
Southern border was at the Missouri-Arkansas state line.
The region became a lawless no-mans-land for a large
portion of the war. With a landscape that was conducive
to raids and guerilla warfare, bands of both Union and
Confederate sympathizers would terrorize the locals, leave
a largely depopulated landscape. According to locals, every
county courthouse in the region was burned down during
the Civil War.
:.. ,":-
The Civil War defined who we are
more than any other thing. If you
lived in Iowa, you were union. If
you lived in Ala,bama,J'Qu were
sesesh. Here, it was six of one, half
a dozen of the other. That's why it
was so 'bloody, so brutal. ,When they
came and made you decide, if you
chose wrong, they'd shoot you.
The one large-scale battle in the region at Pilot Knob in
1864 indicates the landscape advantages conferred to the
defender in this region. Fort Davidson, located in a valley
between Shepherd Mountain and Pilot Knob, saw a conflict
where Confederate forces outnumbered Union forces ten-
to-one. Even so, Confederate forces had a difficult time
coordinating attacks on Fort Davidson and Union forces
were able to inflict over 1,000 casualties and destroy ten
percent of the Confederates artillery before escaping to
Rolla, Missouri.
This area's attractiveness as a landscape ideally suited to
guerilla warfare was not lost in time. One hundred years
after the Battle of Pilot Knob, the United States Army
had a large-scale military exercise in the region known as
Project "Goldfire." One reason this exercise was practiced
here was due to its similarities to the rugged terrain in
Vietnam. Combined arms techniques and tactics between
two fictitious armies were refined in the region to see how
the United States Army could fight an outfit well-versed in
guerrilla warfare like the Viet Congo

They said the women-weren't

harmed, but they were destroyed,
their homes burned, losingevery-
thing. It was just hit the wire road
to Rolla. The refugee camp up there
was huge. In lots of places there
wasn't a building left.

-Texas County, Missouriresidellt( civic engagement

response) .
Above: Brigadier General J.S. Marmaduke used the local terrain to
conduct raids into Missouri from positions in Arkansas.

F E A S B L T Y S T U 0 Y
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 Page 552

Above: Army public relations during Project Goldfire, 1964.

Source: West Plains: 1930 to 1970 by Toney Aid, Jerry Womack

Above: Section of Battle of Hartville Interpretive Panel showing the routes and actions of various columns in Marmaduke's first raid.
Courtesy Wright County Historical Society

F E A S B L T Y S T U 0 Y
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 Page 553

THEME 3: COMMUNITY SURVIVAL THROUGH

;;'

CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION :'

This theme describes the effect that the land had on defin-
ing how people lived here, created their own culture, and
endured as the landscape around them changed.

It is here in this theme we see the strong connections

between natural features and how they affected cultural
practices. For example, the same pre-cambrian forma- Silent movies could be seen for the
tions that make up some of the distinctive beauty of the admission price of a potato.
region is also nearly impermeable-making the construction
of groundwater wells necessary for agriculture practically
-Wright County, Missouri resident
impossible. The lack of glaciation not only preserved the
(civic engagement response)
ruggedness of this terrain, but also denied the area agricul-
turally productive soils typically found in areas affected by
glaciation.

The Ozarks can be seen as both a "refuge" and as a "hearth

area" for the settlement of the American West. In the civic
engagement discussions and surveys for this feasibility Contributing Sites and Activities Related to this
studies, many residents used terms such as "refuge," "self-
Theme
reliance" and "simplicity to describe their communities. Site Name County City Access
Many participants described how the Ozarks are a place Bonebreak Center of Nature & Dent Salem Private
where one can live relatively inexpensively and that there is History

little "class-consciousness" and ostentation of wealth. Dent County Museum Dent Salem Public
Ozark Heritage Museum Dent Salem Public

Ava Art Guild & Gallery Douglas Ava

Douglas County Historical Douglas Ava Public
Society
Missouri Fox Trotting Horse Douglas Ava Public
Breed Association
Fire Museum of Missouri Howell Willow Public
Springs
Cloud 9 Ranch Club Howell Caulfield Public
Harlin Museum Howell West Public
Plains
Mountain View Heritage Murals Howell Mountain Public
View
West Plains Opera House Howell West Public
Plains
Old Harlin House Ozark Gainesville Public
Current River Heritage Museum Ripley Doniphan Public
We learned how to survive, we had
Story's Creek School Shannon Public
nothing, but we didn't know it. Mansfield Historical Society Wright Mansfield Public
Mountain Grove Square Wright Mountain Public
-Reynolds County, Missouri resident (civic engagement Grove
response) Rosewood Farms Wright Hartville Public
SMSU-Missouri State Fruit Ex- Wright Mountain Public
periment Station Grove

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 Page 554

Above: Soil Productivity Map. The soil of the region, untouched

by glaciation, made large-scale high yield agricultural productivity
extremely difficult.

Left: Population Density census

block map of Missouri. The
deeper the shade of blue, the
more heavily populated the area.
The region is one of the least
densely populated in the state-
reflecting a condition that

F E A S B L T Y S T U 0 Y
Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area
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 Page 555

Above: Soil Productivity Map. The soil of the region, untouched

by glaciation, made large-scale high yield agricultural productivity
extremely difficult.

Left: Population Density census

block map of Missouri. The
deeper the shade of blue, the
more heavily populated the area.
The region is one of the least
densely populated in the state-
reflecting a condition that

F E A S B L T Y S T U D Y

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 Page 556

SUB-THEME
A Culture of "Grittiness"

One recurring theme is the idea of "grittiness"-a qual-

ity that generations of many cultures and ethnicities have
needed to live in this relatively remote region. A related
strength of character is the inventiveness and pragmatic
innovation of Ozarkers. Using materials from the land or
re-using and adapting old equipment, they created and con-
tinue to create enduring American inventions ranging from Left: Jim and rose Whittom, November 6, 1920 when they were
married. Although he had not served in the Army during World War
the Johnboat to the chain saw. I, a man who was working on the farm left his uniform there as pay-
ment for room and board, so Jim wore the uniform for their wedding.
"Waste not, want not ... "
Ozarks tenacity, even though their land was spoiled, even Quote Source: selected from That's the Way it Was, Thelma McManus,
though there wasn't much game left, not much fish left, Acclaim Press 2008

the soil washed aJvay, they did not leave. They were bull-
headed in staying here and keeping a lifeway going, that's
crucial to this story. And they lived hard on the land or
»hat was left of it. They were really an adaptable
people. The outside world only saw
The idea of economic vulnerability and community sur-
vival created a unique cultural reaction all its own. "Pushin'
them as lazy, they were just fish-
through hard times," including agricultural blight and ing, raise a few crops, they did all
drought, the sudden shutdowns of mills, factories, and sorts of things for a living, and they
industries, and economic downturns such as the Great
continued to hate government, hate
Depression forged a cultural response to the land and in
communities in the area. rules and regulations, and that
trend sort of continues to this day in
the culture. The moonshine whiskey
played a major role right up in the
1960's. The love of hunting, fishing,
living off of the land was part of this
culture it continued here and per-
fected and there are a few unique,
100% unique things they did here
that they did not pick up in Appala-
chia.
-Dr. James Price, Archeologist, Ozark Scenic Riverways

F E A S B L T Y S T U D Y

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 Page 557

Above: Local people found ways to endure on the land through hard times. "Tie-hacking," the process by which wooden railroad ties are
made, became an important way which people earned a supplementary income after the economic depression that occurred in the region
after the timber mills left in 1910.

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 Page 558

SUB-THEMES

Folklife Traditions in an isolated place.

As Matt Meachum detailed in his 2007 study of the region,

the culture of this area might be said to epitomize that of
the larger Upland South region of which it is a part.
Digging graves for neighbors was
Consequently, one might argue that, at present, this area
an honor. They were offended when
is actually more representative of the Upland South as a
traditional cultural region than are many of the areas that back-hoes came in. Someone always
are popularly regarded as definitive of that region (e.g., sat up with the dead [overnight]
parts of southern and central Appalachia, especialfy the most heavify
to keep the flies off of them. Burial
industrialized locations].
would take place within a day or
However, one of the characteristics of the area that argu- two of dying.
ably account for its tendency to conserve and exemplify
the traditional culture of the Upland South - its compara-
-Douglas County, Missouri resident (civic engagement
tive remoteness from what might be defined as the core
response)
areas of that region - is itself an important component of
its identity and differentiates it to some extent from those
areas of the Upland South that lie to the east.

Several features of the area's occupational folklife and

material culture are notably idiosyncratic and contribute
to its distinct profile within the Upland South as a whole.
Among these are methods of archery fishing and archery
hunting collectively known as "bow gigging" or "bowing-
and-spiking" that were prevalent in and near the Eleven
Point River, Current River, Jacks Fork, and other major
waterways of the southeast and south-central Missouri
Ozarks during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. An-
other distinctive method of fishing particularly associated
with (if not unique to) the Current River and environs is
gigging, the use of a fork-like implement fastened to a pole
to impale fish, particularly small bottom-dwellers, such as
suckers, most often in autumn and winter. Yet another
artifact of the area's riverine folklife is the Ozark johnboat,
a narrow flatboat typically suitable for one to three passen-
gers that is used for fishing (including gigging) and other
instances of river transport.

Additionally, according to Donald L. Stevens work in "A

Homeland and a Hinterland: The Current and Jacks Fork
Riverways" the practice of free-range woodland herdsman-
ship "proved an effective inexpensive means of herding
and provided the foundation for backwoods self-sufficien-
cy; it also allowed considerable free time for hunting and
domestic crafts." The "free time" concept is not corrobo-
rated with civic engagement discussions, but it may be an Above: John boats, s own here on the Current River in the early
item that requires further research and documentation to 20th century, were used both as a means of transport and for
recreation.
verify.

F E A S B L T Y S T U D Y

Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area

38
 Page 559

Facing Page: Fishing gigs in the Current River Heritage Museum.

The practice of "gigging" and bow fishing may have been adopted
from Native American practices by more recent Euro-American set-
tlers.

Above: Various folklife activities and traditional items from the Old-
Time Music and Ozark Heritage Festivals in the study area.

F E A S B L T Y S T U D Y
Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area
39
 Page 560

But they're here and because of the

way the Ozarks lay, and the rugged
SUB-THEMES terrain, they were isolated here, so
Sustainability as a way of life that culture basically evolved and
changed in place tofit the Ozarks
According to Donald L. Stevens work in "A Homeland and
a Hinterland: The Current and Jacks Fork Riverways" the environment, the way the land is,
"persistence of the frontier quality of Ozark life followed the linear pattern, it shaped the
the habit of the early Scotch-Irish settlers to adapt rather
evolution of the Ozark folk culture
than to alter the environment.
in place.
The flexibility to adapt to solutions considered environ-
mentally sustainable today, which in reality echoes the
frontier settlement era. These concepts include: -Dr. CindyPrice, Archeologzst, US Forest Service,
(Retired)

practical tools for survival

self-sufficient agriculture continuing into 20th century
local vernacular architecture
hunting and fishing on the land for survival
a waste-free economy I don't think anyone today matches
a cashless economy to the 1940s/barter this model of sustainability.
renewal through spiritual guidance

-Howell County, Missouri resident asked about how

people lived in the area (civic engagement response)

F E A S B L T Y S T U D Y

Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area

40
 Page 561

Population of the Study Area

1890 148,948
1900 180,709
The Country Store was the hub of
life. Every town had one. Chick-
1910 180,736
1920 175,135 ens and eggs were the basisfor the
1930 160,064 economy. Mom gave us eggs and
1940 174,806
Left:Unlike many rural areas
baby chickens to take to the store to
1950 153,417
across the United States, the exchange for goods. She knew the
1960 132,651 population of this area has
1970 136,697
not seen dramatic decreases prices, would fix up the order and
in population since the end
1980 165,737 of the second World War. the kids got to spend what was left.
1990 167,688 Although the area has seen
two significant downturns in
2000 186,512 population, the total popula- -Texas County, Missouri resident
2009 est. 185,811 tion remains largely the same (civic engagement response)
as it was in 1900.

Right: Modern economic access and infra-

structure has remained a challenge in the
area. Interstates reflect earlier paths around
the study area, air services are limited,
and other considerations such as a lack of
high-speed internet access has hampered
economic development in the region.

F E A S B L T Y S T U 0 Y

Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area

41
 Page 562

EVALUATING THE THEMES

,x/hen judging the appropriateness of potential themes

and subthemes for a potential Ozarks Highlands NHA,
the study team and citizens asked the following questions.
They reflect NPS criteria and the long-term practicality of
interpreting them as central to the identity of the region.
We asked:

Are they cohesive?

Do they demonstrate how bnman culture was and is shaped by

nature?

Are they nationally-significant?

Is evidence of the themes still there?

Can people iisit and tueaie together their experience?

These questions should serve as criteria for evaluating

future themes and their relation to sites and events if the
planning process moves into a management plan phase.
The following section lists "Icon places and events" that
test possible links between the proposed themes and avail-
able resources.

Facing Page: Grist milling machines. Alley Mill, Shannon county.

F E A S B L T Y S T U D Y

Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area

42
 Page 563

LESSONS FROM ESTABLISHED NATIONAL

HERITAGE AREAS

Established Heritage Areas from the Midwest and South

offer precedents for successful thematic integration. A
Report on Traditional Artistic Activity in the South-Central
and Southeast Missouri Ozarks and the Possibility of
Pursuing National Heritage Area Status argues that the-
matic planning for OHNA: "should concentrate especially
on the processes by which National Heritage Areas that
bear notable cultural similarities to the area of the Missouri
Ozarks under consideration (e.g., the Blue Ridge National
Heritage Area in North Carolina, America's Agricultural
Heritage Partnership in Iowa, and Freedom's Frontier
National Heritage Area in Missouri and Kansas) attained
the Heritage Area designation, as well as the ways in which
they represent themselves and make use of the resources
associated with the status."

These three areas offer similarities and difference to the

proposed OHNA. Like the Ozarks region, the Blue Ridge
NHA is defined by the cultural and ecological coherence
of a mountain region. Yet, unlike Ozarks, this area has
long been traveled by the prominent Blue Ridge Parkway
and lacks the Ozark's history of isolation from migra-
tion patterns and visitors. America's Agriculture Heritage
Partnership (also known as Silos & Smokestacks NHA) and
Freedom's Frontier HA in Kansas and Missouri are both,
by contrast, immense multi-county regions that are "story-
based" in their definition and were historically open for
outside influences.

Missouri State Highway 106 Overlook in the Angeline

Conservation Area.

F E A S B L T Y S T U 0 Y
Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area
43
Page 564
 Page 565

f:\ PROPOSED COORDINATING ENTITY, ApPROACH AND

~ COORDINATION ALTERNATIVES

WHAT IS A COORDINATING ENTITY AND WHAT ARE ITS

RESPONSIBILITIES?

Rather than being top-down, mandatory, and involving eminent domain or use restrictions,

this type of designation is based on grass roots organization, voluntary participation, and This chapter describes and
does not involve property or landuse regulation. evaluates the alternatives
that were considered, their
strengths and weaknesses
The Ozarks Highlands coordinating entity is based on the following common principles and recommends the
strongest alternative.
of ational Heritage Areas: heritage interpretation, preservation, education, recreation,

conservation, and economic development through local management and voluntary par- The chapter also evaluates
coordinating entity options
ticipation. for the national heritage
area alternative. There may
be an optional addition to
provide a broad review of
economic sustainability
of the program, as this is
rapidly emerging as a critical
issue in management plan
assessments.

Facing Page: Quilting demonstration at the Ozark Heritage Festival provides a hands-on learning
experience of local traditions.

F E A S B L T Y S T U 0 Y

Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area

45
 Page 566
PROPOSED COORDINATING ENTITY:
The concept for the proposed Ozarks Highlands National
Heritage Area's management entity follows the non-profit
model used by the majority of existing National
Heritage Areas. A new organizational entity shall incorpo-
rate as a nonprofit, 501(c)(3) corporation chartered in the
State of Missouri. The organization will start with a small
Board of Directors drawn from the various counties and
interest areas that are reflective of civic engagement and
the foundation documents of the entity.
This volunteer board will be responsible for planning,
fundraising, outreach, designation, and staff hiring. An
important goal of the proposed board is to ensure repre-
sentation across political jurisdictions and interest areas
within the study area boundaries of the proposed National
Heritage Area. This board should remain managable in size
to perform the activites of overseeing the responsibilities
of the entity.
The recommended structure of the Board of Directors is
as follows:
18 members, of which 17 have voting power.
At least one member must be represented from each
of the thirteen counties in the region. These members
do not necessarily have to be representatives of local
government.
One representative must be from the State of Missouri
No more than three members may be from the same
county in the region.
At least two voting members must represent or affili-
ate with the following goals of the National Heritage
Area, thereby ensuring a coverage of all of the broad
goals of the program. These include:
1. heritage preservation
2. conservation/ natural resources
3. recreation
4. economic development
5. education
In addition, there shall be one advisory National Park Ser-
vice member of the board (non-voting).
F E
46
Officers will be elected on an annual basis. Meetings of the
entire Board of Directors must occur at least once an an-
nual quarter and may be held via conference call to reduce
the burden of travel. A quorum of at least two-thirds of
the board of the directors must be present to conduct busi-
ness. Six members of the board will be elected to serve as
a.n Executive Committee that will meet monthly to oversee
operations and provide direction to staff. A quorum of at
least two-thirds of the executive committee must be pres-
ent to conduct business.
The board will be tasked with the following initial goals.
Outreach to the public for both citizen engagement,
information distribution, and project awareness
Development of the legislation to enact the Ozarks
Highlands National Heritage Area
Hiring a Designation Coordinator to facilitate the
acknowledgment of the Ozarks Highlands Heritage
Area by Congressional action.
Communication and continued promotion of the
designation of the NHA bill with both state and fed-
erallegislators.
Organizing additional support of NHA designation
with the public.
Fundraising to support these activities.
The Board of Directors will be assisted by a comparably
larger Steering Committee whose members would rep-
resent a much larger pool of dedicated volunteers with
special interests related to the themes and goals of the Na-
tional Heritage Area. They would be tasked with additional
outreach to the public on the program, as well as providing
insight and concerns related to the NHA program.
The initial staff will be a part-time Designation Coordina-
tor who will uphold the initial and long-term goals of the
National Heritage Area, oversee the preparation of docu-
ments to assist the federal designation process, liaison with
legislators, help build and support partnerships to assist
in the designation process, and identify possible funding
sources for maintain this process.
While representatives of local governments will be in-
volved, the need for this management entity to be broadly
representative of local interests requires that it operate
independently.
A S B L T Y S T U D Y
Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area
 Page 567

ALTERNATIVE COORDINATING ENTITY:

The local coordinating entity should be designed to oper-
ate outside the influence of the often-changing political
environment to be as responsive as possible to the needs of
local residents and interest groups.

Operating as a separate nonprofit, taxexempt corpora-

tion, the management entity can most effectively approach
individuals, corporations, foundations, and government
funding sources for both operating and programmatic
funds. An independent nonprofit will also be able to col-
laborate effectively with other entities in the region-
Locally Appointed Commission
government agencies, other nonprofits, and private founda-
tions.
Benefits

The organizational structure of the management entity

Drawbacks
outlined here-including a medium-sized Board of
Directors, a small Executive Corrunittee, a staff position
with specified roles, and an inclusive Steering Corrunittee,
-will allow for efficient planning and operations respon-
sive to the needs and inputs of a broad spectrillll of local
parties and provide the foundation for the post-designation
structure.
Public University Extension

Benefits

Drawbacks

Centralized Foundation

Benefits

Drawbacks

F E A S B L T Y S T U D Y

Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area

47
 Page 568
PROPOSED CONCEPTUAL ApPROACH
The following are philosophical approaches that are ap-
propriate for the region to attain the broadbased goals of
the public for heritage preservation, heritage education and
interpretation, heritage-based conservation and recreation,
and economic development with a heritage focus.
Planning for Change and not Freezing the Past
The best approach does not involve governmental control
of lands. Nor should they impose any barrier to progress
and change. Indeed, future planning for should focus on
the "management of change" -to use a phrase by the
late planner, Kevin Lynch. Even in its most isolated mo-
ments over the last two hundred years, change and outside
influences have been part of Ozarks Highlands life. In
the early 19th century, people ate meals on English china.
In the 1930s, after northern timber interests had ravaged
the forests and departed, residents returned to traditional
self-sufficiency. But slowly, new cook stoves and sewing
machines came into the area.
The Ozarks Highlands, like traditional regional dialects, will
inevitably evolve. What characterize the Ozarks Highlands
is how people settled for many generations and continued
to adapt foodways and folkways-but they did so in a way
that was very tailored and sustainable for the resources
close to home. Such a "good fit" for adaptation should
characterize future approach to emerging opportunities and
concerns.
Encouraging Resilience
Oral histories and citizen comments reveal that resilience is
one of the distinctive qualities of the people and ecolo-
gies of the Ozarks Highlands. Everything that is proposed
should be considered for its long-term economic and envi-
ronmental sustainability. The robust and varied ecologies of
the region should be documented in ongoing inventories so
that they can be interpreted and protected in future recre-
ational and interpretive projects.
F E
48
Ongoing Civic Engagement and Citizen Empower-
ment
On the Social level, genuine citizen engagement can also
help to rebuild social connections with resilient durability.
An aging population, the pressures of work in recessionary
times, the distractions of new media, can all draw people
apart from face to face contact and shared volunteer and
community projects.
Citizen engagement should mean not just asking the public
what they want or informing of them of decisions already
made. Civic participation means building local grassroots
expertise. It means teaching area residents to lead heritage-
based goals themselves after the consultants have left and
even when outside funding is low. For this reason, the
process should provide toolkits for management and evalu-
ation so that interpretive strategies, historic sites, economic
development and other activities can be constantly re-
viewed and improved.
Building Collaborative and Advisory Networks
The Ozarks Highlands region is home to schools, local
museums, colleges and universities with tremendous and
probably untapped areas of expertise in economic develop-
ment, engineering, promotion, education and other fields.
Future planning should identify networks of experts and
partnership groups who can support a coordinating entity.
Such a network of experts should be kept involved and
informed with ongoing management; and they should be
available should a need arise for specific questions. Fur-
thermore, maintain a database of engaged regional expert
advisors could also support a potential speakers bureau for
internal training or external outreach as discussed in other
sections of this study.
In light of these goals, the study recommends that the best
course of action to facilitate these goals is through the
designation, management, and development of the Ozarks
Highlands as a National Heritage Area.
A S B L T Y S T U D Y
Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area
 Page 569

ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES

No Action At All

Benefits

Drawbacks

Seeking Recognition As A National Recreation Area With-

out .Any Other Heritage Designation
Benefits

Drawbacks

Seeking To Create A State Heritage Area

Benefits

Drawbacks

Other Options Blending Public And Private Programs

Benefits

Drawbacks

F E A S B L T Y S T U D Y

Ozarks Highlands National Her i ta qe Area

49
 Page 570
FINANCIAL PLAN
Financial planning projections are provided per the sugges-
tion of the 2003 Draft National Heritage Area Feasibility
Study Guidelines.
The financial plan should demonstrate, at a minimum,
the ability of the management entity to meet federal
matching requirements that may become available upon
NHA designation. The team should also assess capabili-
ties of the management entity to leveragefederal funding
with other potential financial resources. It is recognized
that the latter resources may not be able to be specificallY
identified during the sturjy. What may be gauged is
the past or potential capacity and creativity
of the management entity to attract addi-
tional financial support. A five")lear conceptual
financial plan is suggested. The plan should, if possible,
include estimates of funds to be made available ry the
management entity, state or local contributions, and
potential funding ry private interests (foundations, corpo-
rations and other organizations). The study team should
be cognizant of atry state sponsored assistance programs
for heritage areas, regional projects and/ or heritage tour-
ism grants that may be investigated as potential funding
sources. NHA management entities often use a portion
of their federal funding to make matching grants to local
organizations. The portion of federal funds anticipated
to be used for grants should be estimated, as well as atry
comsponding matchingfunds to be provided ry grantees.
A sample of a conceptual financial plan revenue chart is
presented in Appendix 3.
The development of a financial strategy is dependent of
the development of foundation statements and grassroots
participation to determine the goals of the coordinating
entity. Additionally, there are emerging standards for "sus-
tainability" that have not been fully clarified by the NPS or
the federal government. Ozark Highlands NHA intends
to meet the defined terminology of sustainability when it
is agreed upon, but until that time will make an effort to
utilize best pracitices to provide a viable financial strategy.
There are two approaches that have been identified as
methods to meet the guidelines for financial support and
sustainability. These conceptual financial strategies assume
an aggressive yet optimal scenario for area designation by
Fiscal Year 2013 to provide continuity and support from
area partners.
F E
50
Approach One: Grant Focus
The initial grant focus would develop a financial strategy
with the five-year goal of maximizing the amount of grants
and programs available to area partners with National Heri-
tage Area federal appropriations amounting to less than
fifty percent of revenues.
The first phase would be focused on achieving designation.
Part-time services of a Designation Coordinator would
be tasked with facilitating the Congressional acknowledg-
ment of the National Heritage Area. Additional sources of
revenue from non-federal support services would have to
facilitate this process until designation.
The second phase would focus towards completing a
management plan with a full-time Coordinator in a 14-24
month planning process. Additional marketing and project
related needs and costs may be identified during the man-
agement planning process. The organization would include
a designated program staff position and support personnel
by the third year.
The third phase would focus on revenue generation
through various funding sources to facilitate grants and
programs to partner sites throughout the National Heri-
tage Area. It is anticipated that the core operating budget
will average $200,000 to $250,000 per year. Benchmarking
would occur annually to determine the economic impact of
the National Heritage Area program throughout the region.
Approach Two: Initial Interpretive Center Focus
The interpretive focus would develop a financial strategy
with the 5+ year goal of developing an Ozarks Highlands
Heritage Center that would provide a greater long-term
benefit to the entire region with National Heritage Area
federal appropriations amounting to less than one-third of
revenues.
The second approach is intended to show the broad finan-
cial balance and support needed to develop and maintain
a center. This approach is also contingent with additional
financial support beyond the capacity of the National
Heritage Area program. This would likely be in the form of
alternative federal and sources for the specific construction
of the interpretive center.
A S B L T Y S T U D Y
Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area
 Page 571

REVENUES 2015 - Phase III '2016 - Phase III

Federal Appropriations 140,000 1'40,000
State Appropriations 52,000 52,000
City & County Government Funding 2G,UOO 26,000
Private Funds 20,000 20,POq
Grants & Sponsorships for special projects 511.000 '50,000
Contributions 4,000 10,000
The first and second phases
Registrations for workshops/ con Ference 8,000 1,000
would be the same as the Miscellaneous
TOTAL REVENUE
previous approach, although 299;060

the Coordinator will also be EXPENSES

tasked with facilitating the Administrative

Staff Salaries/Benefits 67,000 69;000
funds for an interpretive Office Space Rental 4,(1011 4,000
center. Insurance & Taxes v t 4,350 4,500·
Contract for services/ overhead >~ 8,000 8,000
Travel & Meetings :$ 1,200 1,200
The third phase (which in all Wcbsite/Conununications -S 50,000 f,500
likelihood would be greater Professional Development/Memberships '$ 3,000 3,500..

than one year) would be the Program Expenses

design, construction, and Management Plan Contract
Workshops 20,0011 ,$' 20;000
programming development Gran t Program 80,0110 $ 125,000.
of an interpretive center. Regional Cultural Projects 15,000 $' 17,500,
Regional Marketing/Promotion 15,0110 $ 17,500,
This budget would be highly
Education Projects 15,000 $ 17,500
dependent on the scale and Conference/Annual Meeting < 111,1100 .$ 1,000·

scope that the center would Benchmark Data Collection 1.11011 $ 1;000·

intend to achieve. The

organization would include TOTAL EXPENSES 293,550 s. .292,200

a designated an additional
staffer by the end of the
process.
REVENUES 20B-Phase II 2015 - Phase III . 2016,{ Phase IV
Federal Appropriations" 140,000 2,650.000 . '240,000

The fourth phase would State Appropriations" 52,000 2,552,000 )42,000

City & County Government Funding 26,000 36,000 30,000
be the management of Priva re Funds 20,000 50U,OUO ·50,000
the NHA and interpretive Grants & Sponsorships for special projects 32,000 50,000 50,00U
Contributions 2,600 10,00(1 4;060
center with programming
Registrations for workshops/conference 1,000 1,0110 ,.8,0.00
opportunities greater than Miscellaneous
TOTAL REVENUE 273,600
the first approach. The
organization would include EXPENSE:S
a designated program staff Administrative
Staff Salaries/Benefits 43,800 lOO,OOO 105,000
position and at least three Office Space Rental , 4,000 $ , 4,000
additional staffers by the Insurance & Taxes 2,300 -S . 4,350 S 10,000
Contract for services/overhead 6,000 ~ 8,000 ·S 8,000
fifth year.
Travel & Meetings 600 s 1,200 S ,2,400
Website/Communications 500 s, 50,000 S j 2,560

It is anticipated that the Professional Development/Memberships 1,000 s- 3,500 S 7,000

core operating budget will Program Expenses

initially average $200,000 to Management Pian Contract 150,000
\'X/orkshops 12,000 20,000 24;000.
$250,000 per year prior to Grant Program 20,000 50,000 200;000
construction and increase Regional Cultural Projects 5,000 10,000 ;OO,pOQ'
Regionall~l'1arketit1g/Promotiot1 2,000 10,000 20,000
to $500,000 per year after
Education Projects 5,000 10,000 20,000
construction. Conference/ Annual Meeting 1,500 1,500 .10,000
Benchmark Data Collection 1,000 . i,OO?
Interpretive Ctr. Development/Construction 5,400,0011

TOTAL EXPENSES
I;t)t5'ffGY~!;, ; 253,700 5,673,550

F E A S B L T Y S T U D Y
Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area
51
Page 572
 Page 573

(;;\ ApPLICATION OF THE NPS HERITAGE AREA CRITERIA AND OTHER

~ EMERGING GUIDELINES

The proposed Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area has significant capacity to meet

NPS Heritage Area guidelines for environmental, cultural, and economic stewardship. Yet,

because of the informal nature of current recreation in the region and the relative lack of

extensive visitors and interpretive facilities, much work and planning will be needed to meet

NPS criteria. Fortunately, since the writing of the draft NPS criteria in 2003, new thinking

in cultural landscape preservation offers tools well-suited to the Ozarks region. This chapter evaluates the
feasibility and suitability of
congressional designation of
NEW MODELS FOR LANDSCAPE AND HERITAGE STEWARDSHIP the study area as a national
heritage area according to
the four steps and ten criteria
Published in 2009, the National Parks Second Century Commission's Cultural Resource and identified in the National Park
Historic Preservation Committee Report emphases the importance of cultural resources Service's "Draft National
Heritage Area Feasibility
and historic preservation as a core mission of the National Park Service. "Nature" and
Study Guidelines" (NPS
"Culture" are not opposing forces where one must predominate over another. Historic 2003).

regions, even in cities, can support species diversity and wildlife. Similarly, wild and scenic

areas also have human resources that must be addressed.

In other words, the "traditional" model of a park as a pristine wilderness to be kept "forever

wild" no longer applies in Heritage Area planning-and probably never did. The report

supports creating new National Heritage Areas with the intent of preserving vibrant regional

economies and heritage stories without the burden of public land acquisition.

Facing Page: The Carter County Courthouse is an example of vernacular stone architecture
of the region.

F E A S B L T Y S T U 0 Y

Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area

53
 Page 574
The following are issues for national heritage areas outlined
in the Second Century report. They are listed in italics with
a description of their challenges and opportunities for a
potential OHNHA designation listed below.
Incorporate approaches emplqyed by European nations for preserving
parks and other speaal places without removing them from the life and
"t/ture ~r the nation.
The Second Century report argues that, the "United States
may have given the National Park Idea to the world, but
in the second century, the United States has much to learn
from the world." Without the luxury of vast undeveloped
spaces, many European nations have developed tools for
preserving regions without displacing residents or taking
lands out of productions. Organizations like English Heri-
tage and the Regional Natural Parks of France encourage
recreation, conservation, and heritage preservation while
also fostering private land ownership.
Economic production, recreation, and conservation need
not be "protected" by separate agencies in separate zones.
For example in Great Britain, farming and public walk-
ing trails have existed side by side for centuries. Separating
fields and often delineating property lines, historic hedge-
rows comprised of many plant species are rich wildlife
habitats. Preserving this historic balance of farming,
walking, and habitat helps to steward special places without
removing them from the life and culture of the nation.
Ozarks Highlands poses an ideal opportunity to apply
NHA guidelines that respect the life and culture of an
American region. European approaches, such as document-
ed in the CEMAT European Rural Heritage Observation
Guide, can meet broad-based goals of partners throughout
Ozarks Highlands region for preservation, conservation,
education, economic development, financial sustainability,
and interpretation.
Determine whether national hC1itage areas are units of the National
Park System, a parallel system, orfunctions of National Park Service
programs.
The Second Century report also recommends clarifying
whether National Heritage areas are units of the National
Park system or some type of parallel program. This ques-
tion will likely need to be resolved at the federal level.
F E
54
In regards to the Ozarks Highlands, the ideal arrange-
ment to facilitate the broad goals of heritage preservation
through a federal program would be a system whereby the
National Park Service:
has certification authority to review and determine
whether the NHA is meeting the goals of the pro-
gram,
provide assistance for partners through bulletins,
promotion, and contact,
does not have the authority to regulate or adminis-
ter the program on a day-to-day basis.
The willingness of the potential partners to join the pro-
gram depends on their perception of the National Park
Service and this program. The methods, communication,
and use of eminent domain to allocate land for the Ozark
National Scenic Riverways unfortunately left the ational
Park Service with a poor reputation in the region. The
formal administration of the National Park Service of the
National Heritage Area program in the Ozarks Highlands
would likely continue to facilitate a culture of distrust of
the NPS in the area, particularly by private property protec-
tion groups, and alternative heritage preservation methods
would likely be preferred.
Resolve the status of other "special designations" such as National
Trails, National Corridors, and Wild and Scenic Rivers with l"egard
to the National Park Service and System.
A collaborative relationship must be facilitated with Ozark
National Scenic Riverways as a partner (not administrator)
of the National Heritage Area if designated. Mutual goals
and opportunities can be constructively reviewed as a part
of the management planning process. If a future NHA
designation is pursued, the role of NPS and the coordina-
tion of other "special designations" such as Wild and Sce-
nic Rivers and National Corridors must be resolved. Ideally,
a clear plan for NPS units and program, or their possible
unification at OHHA, could lead to more efficient manage-
ment and positive citizen relationships.
A S B L T Y S T U 0 Y
Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area
 Page 575

Engage the Nationa! Park Service institutional culture in support of

all such designated areas.
Note: definitions for terms such as "statement of
national significance, " "interpretive themes, " and
Through management planning progress goals and bench- "authenticity" can be found in Appendix F of this
marks should be established to track the success of initia- document.
tives to encourage recreation, conservation, interpretation,
economic development, sustainability, and education efforts
over time. If programming efforts are successful, this real
data should be promoted to the National Park Service (as
well as other venues) to demonstrate the viability of this
program and its benefits on the region.

Develop a philosophy of support that [goes} beyond preservation and

interpretation of resources and their stories, to include quality of human
life and planetmy health.

Recently designated National Heritage Areas reflect a more

comprehensive view of heritage preservation to go beyond
preservation and interpretation, to include language in the
legislation that requires:

"a description of actions and commitments that Federal,

State, Tribal, and local governments, private organiza-
tions, and dtizem Ivi!! take to protect, enhance, interpret,
fund, manage, and develop the natural, historical,
autum], educational, scenic, and recreational resources of
the National Heritage Area."

If designated, Ozarks Highlands should also build on this

contemporary language, incorporate it in their management
planning process, and tailor foundation statements and a
heritage network that facilitates this holistic view of heri-
tage. Although this recommendation concerns the National
Park Service role in support, the National Heritage Area
must also do its part in requiring the need of this advisory
support from the NPS.

F E A S B L T Y S T U 0 Y

Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area

55
 Page 576
APPLICATION OF 2003 NATIONAL PARK
SERVICE HERITAGE AREA CRITERIA
1. Is an area that has an assemblage of natural,
historic, or cultural resources that together represent
distinctive aspects of American heritage worthy of
recognition, conservation, interpretation, and continu-
ing use, and are best managed as such an assemblage
through partnerships among public and private enti-
ties, and by combining diverse and sometimes non-
contiguous resources and active communities;
The Ozarks Highlands culture has long been shaped by
insularity as a mountainous region at transition point
between the Appalachians and the plains of Texas and the
Midwest. Many settlers remained for generations, but time
is not frozen here. Rather immigrants, often of Scots-Irish
descent brought traditions from Europe, from indentured
servitude in Pennsylvania, and elsewhere. These traditions
in language, food and, wood construction did not atrophy.
Rather, Ozarkers adapted them to the ecology, weather, and
food sources of their region. It is this remarkable refine-
ment of imported traditions to local realities that contrib-
utes to the National significance and uniqueness of the
Ozarks Highlands.
If NHA. status is pursued, a future Management Plan must
examine the region through multi-disciplinary viewpoints.
These viewpoints can build the strong interpretive themes
and stories essential to eligibility as a National Heritage
Area. For this reason, this feasibility study lays the ground-
work for considering:
The region's significance in the nation's history
Complementary and viable interpretive themes that
support national significance
Sustainable activities and places where these
themes can be interpreted
Strong thematic connections to: conservation,
education, interpretation, preservation, and recre-
ation and economic development
F E
56
With many potential National Heritage Areas emerging in
the Midwest and Mountain West, Ozarks Highlands faces
the challenge of offering a strong Statement of National
Significanceand cogent interpretive themes. In the approv-
al and funding process, this area can stand out by show-
ing pragmatic links between the regional culture that local
historians and residents know to be significant and state-
of-art management and interpretation practices that outside
reviewers can clearly see will work over time.
There is limited existing coordination infrastructure outside
county lines under the aegis of heritage efforts. How-
ever the citizen engagement at the feasibility study stage
has been particularly vibrant. There is a sincere desire to
establish a method by which the culture and landscape of
the region can be preserved and celebrated while offering
the opportunity for heritage-based economic development.
By establishing a network of sites and stories, the resources
shown in this feasibility study can be developed with proper
grass-roots management into a National Heritage Area.
2. Reflects traditions, customs, beliefs, and folklife
that are a valuable part of the national story;
As a remote yet vital center of cultural adaptation, the
Ozarks Highlands tell a valuable and largely unknown piece
of the American story of westward expansion. All too of-
ten, people from other regions make generalizations about
the Ozarks with little understanding of their variation. The
Ozarks Highlands are nationally-significant precisely be-
cause they are not like any other part of the United States.
The three themes developed were developed to express the
cultural resources in the study area, and their implicit con-
nection to the land.
As an example of folklife and innovation found here and
nowhere else, the Ozarks tradition of bow fishing with
steel points likely developed in the early 19th century bor-
rowing from the innovations of Native Americans who
also made fishing spear points of bone and other materi-
als. Bow fishing demonstrates how Ozarkers developed an
enduring culture of self-sufficiency adapting materials from
the land and the innovations of native groups to survive,
often in a cashless economy. The region tells a story of
economic and environmental sustainability, a harmony with
the land that is highly relevant for Americans today.
A S B L T Y S T U 0 Y
Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area
 Page 577
3. Provides outstanding opportunities to conserve
natural, cultural, historic, and/or scenic features;
The efforts of the national heritage area program to facili-
tate the goals of the NPS guidelines are foremost devel-
oped through local residents. Local residents have a strong,
vibrant connection and appreciation of their landscape and
desire to maintain their way of life. The efforts to conserve
landscapes and features are already established, but what is
largely underappreciated are the cultural connections and
the historic record. This program if facilitated with exten-
sive citizen engagement can provide that linkage.
4.Provides outstanding recreational and educational
opportunities;
As one resident stated in writing this feasibility study, "for
so long the Ozarks has been defined by outsiders, it's time
we start to define ourselves." Many citizen comments in
the planning process call out for new activities to connect
children and young adults with folklife, arts, and music
traditions.
While many NHA's are concerned primarily about conserv-
ing, interpreting, and preserving and existing robust historic
record, high quality primary and secondary source histori-
cal documentation of the Ozarks Highlands is surprisingly
limited. Much of the historical legacy rests in traditions
handed down from person to person. With a sense of ur-
gency, one resident state that, "we are one generation away
from losing our stories."
This hunger and enthusiasm to preserve stories at the
grassroots level will provide significant momentum for
building outstanding educational opportunities for both
residents and visitors. But, like recreational activities, the
resources are available, but still largely untapped.
To provide truly outstanding education and recreation,
the region will need to become much more organized in
coordination of learning standards, promotion, mapping
and evaluation of quality-whether in a recreational trail or
an interpretive sign.
F E A S B L T Y S T
Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area
The region has an extensive network of recreational sites,
trails, and activities. Although recreational opportunities
are largely established, the cultural connections may be
latent or not exist at all, and the recreational capacity of the
region as a whole could incorporate additional numbers of
recreational users of these opportunities. With proper stew-
ardship, this increase in numbers could be adopted while
still maintaining the remote and wild experience desired by
many users.
This area is that it is located to the east one of the most
vibrant recreation centers in the Midwest-van area encom-
passing Branson, Missouri, Eureka Springs, Arkansas, and
Table Rock lake. The Branson region has a cultural and
recreational profile that is not necessarily compatible with
cultural heritage expressed in the feasibility study, but the
opportunity for drawing in recreational tourists is there.
There are a multiple opportunities to connect recreational
opportunities with educational programming, such as such
as john boat building and use, bow fishing, turkey hunt-
ing, and agritourism that reflects the challenging nature of
agriculture in this region.
Additional efforts such as coordinating and connecting
existing bike trails to experience the local scenery at con-
venient locations. By promoting recreational sites such as
parks, campgrounds, and docks that interpret local tradi-
tions.
With a strong desire for cultural preservation, expression,
and appreciation both inside and outside the Ozarks High-
lands, the connections to education have been expressed in
U D Y
57
 Page 578
citizen engagement. Early citizen engagement efforts have
described programs and activities for children and young
adults to connect with or construct folklife arts, music, and
traditions. There is significant opportunities for peer men-
tor programs sponsored by the NHA to offer workshops
about folklife.
A potential management plan can ensure quality education
and recreation through creating clear criteria for evaluation,
toolkits for planning, and advisory and volunteer networks
to oversee implementation in these areas.
5.Has the resources important to the identified theme
or themes of the area retain a degree of integrity ca-
pable of supporting interpretation;
See Chapter Three for lists of "Contributing Sites and
Activities" related to the themes. The list of contributing
sites and activities related to themes is not intended as a
exclusive list of every possible contributing site. There may
be a number of additional locations that have contribu-
tions to themes and stories if the area is acknowledged as a
National Heritage Area.
Additionally, with interpretive and educational develop-
ment there may be opportunities to showcase parts of the
NHA's story in alternative locations such as area restau-
rants, lodgings, businesses that wish to voluntary interpret a
part of the NHA's story.
6.Residents, business interests, non-profit organiza-
tions, and governments within the proposed area are
involved in the planning, have developed a conceptual
financial plan that outlines the roles for all participants
including the federal government, and have demon-
strated support for designation of the area;
Citizen engagement has been a critical component of this
study. Engagement exercises have occurred in every county
and detailed interviews have occurred with area experts
in history, agriculture, mining, folklife, arts, and natural
resources. Public authorities from every county have been
contacted and been provided information concerning the
function of a National Heritage Area and have offered
their support towards this effort. Special attention has also
F E
58
been made towards those groups who are interested in Pri-
vate Property Protection to provide them with information
and documentation in this process.
This engagement has continued through the feasibil-
ity study and will endeaver to continue throughout this
process. Appendix B outlines some of the civic engagement
tools, reposnses, and public support provided through the
development of the feasiblity study.
The financial planning efforts have been outlined in Chap-
ter 4 under "Financial Plan."
7.The proposed management entity and units of
government supporting the designation are willing
to commit to working in partnership to develop the
heritage area;
See Appendix B for examples of public support for the
National Heritage Area feasiblity study.
8.The proposal is consistent with continued economic
activity in the area;
Economic activity in the area is depressed. Citizens regard
their culture and land as an expression of their way of life
and livelihood. This connection to the existing landscape
sometimes leads to resistance to change, such as a recently
proposed creosote plant, that residents rejected for its impacts
on perceived local character.
Because economic activity is largely based in small busi-
nesses and individual farms and families, the National
Heritage Area would likely have no negative impact on eco-
nomic activity. Indeed, if OHNHA programs engage small
business owners, such as proprietors or campgrounds,
cafes, antique stores and Bed & Breakfasts, coordinated
promotion and richer visitor experiences could have a fine-
grained yet significant positive impact.
However, because of the region's long tradition of self-reli-
ance, any large-scale economic development program such
as a major museum or tourist attraction might be negatively
received by citizens. Instead the program, if enacted as a
National Heritage Area, should facilitate best practices and
A S B L T Y S T U 0 Y
Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area
 Page 579

guide opportunities for economic development that benefit

the region while mitigating or even improving the cultural
heritage and environment.

This sustainable development approach can provide local

businesses and entrepreneurs a unique opportunity to
revitalize their communities and diversify their economies,
buffering the area from boom-and-bust economic impacts
from the past. Although economic vulnerability has gready
affecting the culture of the region and this history can
be interpreted, this program should not be viewed as an
obstacle to growth.

9.A conceptual boundary map is supported by the

public; and

Citizen engagement has been employed and the boundary

map has been supported. One item that may require further
review at the management planning stage is the additional
citizen engagement in the counties surrounding the heritage
area, including south of the Missouri border into Arkansas.
For the purposes of this feasibility study ...

Work has occurred since 2007 to determine the appropri-

ate area and emerging themes and stories reflective in this
area. The results of these efforts are seen in Chapters 2 and
3, as well as through citizen engagement documentation.
If the region is National Heritage Area designated, these
efforts will need to be further refined with extensive citizen
engagement firstly by establishing the vision, mission, and
goals of the NHA, then with further refinement of the
boundaries and themes

lO.The management entity proposed to plan and

implement the project is described.

See Chapter Four for the management plan entity and con-
ceptual implementation plans.

Above: Traditional fiddle making demonstration at a local festival.

F E A S B L T Y S T U D Y

Ozarks Highlands National Heritage Area

59
Page 580
 Page 581

ApPENDIX A
LEGAL REQUIREMENTS

Feasibility studies can be enacted by Congress and

would be reflected in this appendix, but as a locally
sponsored NHA feasibility study through Ozark
Action, Inc., there is no direct legal mandate which
guided this study.
Page 582
 Page 583

ApPENDIXB
PUBLIC SUPPORT
 Page 584

Business Women a/Missouri

November 23, 2010

Kathleen Morrissey
Ozark Action, Inc.
710 E. Main Street
West Plains, Missouri
(417) 2~6-6147

Business Women of Missouri West Plains ardently supports the objectives ofthe Ozark Heritage Area
Feasibility Study encompassing thirteen counties in Missouri.

During the past 85 years our mission remained constant to achieve equality for women in the workplace
through advocacy, education and information. Our local organization and members also highly value
service to the community. This project encourages the continuation of our area's rich history and
cultural heritage. Collecting and writing about the development and history of the region along with
stories of the people who make up our noble background preserves the cultural uniqueness of the Ozark
Heritage region.

We eagerly look forward to opportunities to partner with other organizations to preserve, interpret, and
develop community resources for our regional area.

Sincerely,

~~~
Brenda Smith
President
Business Women of MO West Plains
West Plains, MO 65775
 Page 585

/1- :;.'/-.:J...t>IO
Date, 2010

Kathleen Morrissey
Ozark Action, Inc.
710 E. Main Street
West Plains, MO 65775-0588
(417) 256-6147

The Carter County Commission would like to express our support and enthusiasm for the Ozark Heritage
Area Feasibility Study which includes Carter County, Missouri.

Our county holds a rich history* and many resources** which COnnectto stories and themes of the entire
region.

We look forward to opportunities to partner in the future to preserve, interpret, and develop our resources
for the benefit of our people.

Presiding Commissioner

Board Member
 Page 586

DOUGLAS COUNTY, MISSOURI

OFFICE OF THE COUNTY CO:M:MISSIONERS
JAMES D. "BurCH" LINDER, PRESIDING COMMISSIONER
DISTRICT ONE COMMISSIONER RICHARD MITCHELL
DISTRICT TWO COMMISSIONER DANNY DRY

P.O. BOX 398, AVA, MISSOURI 65608

Kathleen Morrissey
Ozark Action, Inc.
710 East Main Street
West Plains, MO 65775

RE: Ozark Heritage Feasibility Study

The Douglas County, Missouri County Commission would like to express our support
and enthusiasm for the Ozark Heritage Area Feasibility study which includes our Douglas
County, Missouri.
Our county holds a rich history and many resources which connect to our entire region.
We are proud to carry on the equine heritage of our forefathers with the distinction of being the
World Headquarters of the Missouri Fox Trotting Horse Breed Association. We have many
artisans who carry on traditional folk crafts and some of our residents have been named Master
Artisans in their respective skills. We enjoy a traditional rural way of life that is a benefit to our
residents and can be enjoyed by visitors to our area.

We hope to be able to be a part of a larger group to partner in the future to preserve,

interpret and develop our resources for the benefit of our people and our area.

Sincerely,
 Page 587

127 S.W. Second Avenue

P.O. Bo)(967
Ava, MO 65608

CITY OF AVA, MISSOURI

November 18, 2010

Kathleen Morrissey
Ozark Action, Inc.
710 E. Main Street
West Plains, MO 65775

RE: Ozark Heritage Area Feasibility Study

The City of Ava, Missouri Mayor and Board of Aldermen would like to express our support for the
Ozark Heritage Feasibility Study which includes the City of Ava in Douglas County, Missouri.
Ava is the center of activity, serving as the county seat and the only incorporated town within the
county. Ava is home to the AvaiCassvillelWillow Springs District headquarters for the Mark Twain National
Forest, World Headquarters for the Missouri Fox Trotting Horse Breed Association, the Douglas County
Historical Society & Genealogical Society and Museum, as well as the A va Area Art Guild & Gallery.
There are many talented artisans in our area and Ava is the hub of commerce. We enjoy our rural
atmosphere and still practice many of the family traditions and skills learned from our ancestors.
Being included in a National Heritage District would be an asset in continuing to preserve and interpret
OW" unique skills and customs and have a positive impact on our econ~~

~~~-1
Leon Harris
Mayor
City of A va, Missouri

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
Office of the Mayor
Leon Harris
 Page 588

Kathleen Morrissey
From: Dawn Sperry Allen [muleicorn@windstream.net]
Sent: Wednesday, September 29,201011:42 AM
To: Kathleen Morrissey
Subject: FW: Ozark Heritage Project

----- Forwarded Message

From: Dawn Sperry Allen <muleicorn@windstream.net>
Date: Wed, 08 Sep 201008:54:51 -0500
To: Kathleen Morrissey <kmorrissey@oaiwp.org>
Conversation: Ozark Heritage Project
Subject: Ozark Heritage Project

Hello Kathleen,

A week ago you were in Williamsville, MO at Brenda Shearrer's home and I was unable to attend the
meeting. Two of our Board Members (Bob Todd & Barbara Decker) were there and brought back
information regarding the Ozark Heritage Pro ject, an excellent idea.

Our organization is just a year old and we have yet to apply' for our 501 C3 but will be working toward
getting that done.

On behalf of our membership and Board of Directors, I wanted to officially introduce our organization
to you and convey that we are interested in the Heritage Project.

Sincerely,
Dawn Allen

C·A·A·W.
Cultural Arts Alliance, Wa!:Jne Ozark R.egion, Inc.
WWW.cadWC:3ilW.com

F·O.l)ox6+)
Fiedmont, MO 6)957-006+,

Dawn Allen
dilwnilllen@c<I<lwc<l<lw.com

muleicorn@wlndstre<lm.net

Artisans network.ing to stimulate enhance and ennch communities through the cultural arts
with appreciation {or Ozark. Hist0r;J, customs and area colloCfuia/,sms.
 Page 589

~~iIB
~
~q2.FOG
Council of GolltJmment$

eo. Box 100 Pomona, Missouri 65789-0100 (417) 256·4226

November 2,2010
'"
·~.l:C-hleen Morrissey
Pro),,~Coordinator
Ozark Action, Inc.
710 E. Main Street
West Plains, MO 65775

Re: Ozark Heritage Area Feasibility Study

Dear Ms. Morrissey:

The South Central Ozarks Council of Governments supports the Ozark Heritage Area Feasibility
Study regarding options for linking cultural conservation and economic development in our region.

We believe there is great potential for the region to be designated as a National Heritage Area where
conservation of our regional culture could be a basis for economic opportunity and economic
opportunity an incentive for ongoing cultural conservation. This would enable us to communicate
the richness and vitality of our culture more effectively to potential visitors and prospective residents
while also contributing to the quality of life for those who already call this region home.

The seven-county area that we represent possesses a wealth of cultural resources. These include
historic sites, landmarks, and landscapes, such as Alley Mill near Eminence, one of the largest mass
graves of the Civil War in Hartville, and the storied Irish Wilderness in rural Oregon County.
Events and gatherings that reflect our regional culture, range from Hootin' and Hollerln' in
Gainesville and the Old-Time Music Ozark Heritage Festival in West Plains to church picnics and
jam. sessions. The work of traditional artists, craftspeople, and farmers encompasses quilts, music,
furniture, and molasses. Perhaps the most important of our cultural resources are the stories that
we tell about our lives, families, and communities. Natural, scenic, and recreational resources which
link our natural environment and our culture also abound here, including the Caney Mountain
Conservation Area, the Devil's Backbone Wilderness Area, Rocky Falls Shut-In, and "Someof the
most scenic rivers in the United States, such as the Big Piney, the North Fork of the White, and the
Eleven Point.

National Heritage Area status would enable us to take significant steps toward fillfilling the potential
of these regional assets. The resources that a National Heritage Area would make available would
help us to conserve, interpret and market our cultural treasures in a more coordinated, cohesive way.

Project Administration • Community Planning &: Development • Revolving Loan Fund

Demographic & Census Information • Desktop Publishing • Computerized Mapping • Signs
• A Designated Economic Development District»
• Your Regional Planning Commission •
 Page 590

We would be better equipped to give visitors to our area the fullest possible experience of it, help
producers of goods that reflect our regional culture to benefit economically from their work, and
support a quality of life that provides incentive for our talented young people to remain here and for
natives of this region who have left for purposes of employment to retum when they retire.

The pursuit of a National Heritage Area in south-central Missouri is consistent with our mission to
promote human resources, educational opportunities, and economic development in order to
enhance the quality of life for the region's inhabitants. Therefore, the South Central Ozark Council
of Governments endorses your efforts and looks forward to collaborating with you as you proceed.

Y2fb
Executive Director
 Page 591

).

~ity of West Plains

P.O. Box 710 • 1910 Holiday Lane
West Plains, Missouri 65775

Mayor Joe P. Evans

Bryan Adcock
Ozark Action, Inc.
710 E. Main Street
West Plains, MO 65775

Dear Mr. Adcock:

On behalf of the City of West Plains, I am submitting this letter of support for the Ozark
Heritage Project and the feasibility study being done by Ozark Action, Inc. and the West Plains
Council on the Arts to assess the potential for a multi-county heritage area in our region.

The character of West Plains is built on its history and is sustained by its story. West Plains is the
county seat of Howell County. As the epicenter for business in the 20th century, West Plains was
the economic engine for the community. In the last ten to fifteen years, hundreds of thousands of
dollars have been invested by private developers upgrading properties comprising the downtown
business district which still remains an integral component in our local economy. In July, 2003,
downtown West Plains and the Court Square were listed on the National Register of Historic
Places. Those who tell this story believe that cultural conservation can be a source of
community revitalization, and a great investment opportunity for the Ozarks region.

The city's rich history is directly correlated to economic development. Everyone benefits from
cultural tourism strategies which encourage visitors to explore, experience and appreciate the
rich heritage of our area. Since 1994, we have been pleased to be a partner in producing the Old
Time Music, Ozark Heritage Festival which has been designated the "signature event" for the
city and, a source of pride throughout the region. Each year the event brings thousands of visitors
to our city from across the nation. The.James R Harlin Museum which houses the Lennis L.
Broadfoot collection of portraits detailing the pioneers of the Ozarks, is also a wonderful cultural
asset for the city. ;. ." .

A multi-county heritage area would give people in the region a means to work together, to
cultivate partnerships for conserving our culture, for sharing our stories, and for expanding our
experience. Our stories reconnect us to a deeply rooted sense of place that was honed by an

Web Site: www.westplains.net • (417) 256-7176 • Fax: (417) 256-4953

 Page 592

~ity of West Plains

P.o. Box 710 • 1910 Holiday Lane
West Plains, Missouri 65775

Mayor Joe P. Evans

ancient landscape and great-spirited traditions. Today, we envision of our heritage just as
intimately connected to the future for residents and visitors alike.

The City of West Plains is very excited to support this effort to preserve our local heritage and
encourage continued and renewed interest in our story and its connection to the story of the
United States of America.

Web Site: www.westplains.net • (417) 256-7176 • Fax: (417) 256-4953

 Page 593

••
•••
CITY OF HOUSTON
601 S. GRAND AVE.
HOUSTON, MO. 65483

PHONE: 417-967-3348 FAX: 417-967-4252

Aldermen:
F. Don Romines
Bruce Wilson
Joe C. Honeycutt
STEVE HUTCHESON, MAYOR Bill Maxwell
LARRY sunON, ADMINISTRATOR web site: houstonmo.org Sharon Sillyrnan
TONYA FOSTER, CITY CLERK Joyce Campbell

Kathleen Morrissey
Ozark Action, Inc.
710 E. Main Street
West Plains, MO
417-256-6147

The City of Houston would like to express out support and enthusiasm for the Ozark Heritage Area
feasibility study. The City of Houston lies in Texas County and is the County seat of the County.

Our County holds a rich history and many resources which connect to stories and themes of the entire
region.

We look forward to opportunities to partner in the future to preserve, interpret, and develop our
resources for the benefit of our people.

Sincerely,

Steve Hutcheson, Mayor

 Page 594

October 28, 2010

Kathleen Morrissey
Ozark Action, Inc.
710 E. Main Street
West Plains, Missouri
(417) 256-6147

The Mountain Grove Central Arts Council would like to express our support and enthusiasm for
the Ozark Heritage Area Feasibility Study which includes Wright County.

Our county holds a rich history of strong resilience people who love and depend on the land. Their
stories connect to the themes of the entire region.

We look forward to opportunities to partner in the future to preserve, interpret, and develop our
resources for the benefit of the people.

Sincerely,

Debbie Barbe, President, Mountain Grove Central Arts Council

Mary Ann Frazee, Vice President, Mountain Grove Central Arts Council
Glenn Kemper, Treasurer, Mountain Grove Central Arts Council
Dianne Gooch, secretary, Mountain Grove Central Arts Council
Page 595
 Page 596

ApPENDIXC
RECOGNIZED IMPORTANT PLACES
 Page 597

RECOGNIZED IMPORTANT PLACES

NRHP Site County
Bedell, Mrs. Louis House Carter
Big Spring Historic District Carter
Boyer, Earl House Carter
Chubb Hollow Site Carter
Gibson, J. W. House Carter
Gooseneck Site Carter
Greensfelder, Delia House Carter
Herrington, Loretta House Carter
Hinton, James House Carter
Jacobson, Nettie House Carter
Kelley, Isaac Site Carter
Kitterman, Nola House Carter
Knapp, Wallace House Carter
Lawhorn, Buford House Carter
Lewis, Iva House Carter
Masonic Lodge Carter
Mays, Terry House Carter
McNew, Thornton House Carter
Mill Pond Carter
Nance, Della House Carter
Owens, Hazel House Carter
Phillips Bay Mill (23CT235) Carter
Phillips, Ernie House Carter
Powers, Alvis House Carter
Shoat, Hazel House Carter
Sixth Street Historic District Carter
Smith, James House Carter
Smith, Lawrence House Carter
Smith, William F. House Carter
Tucker, Lee House Carter
Dam and Spillwayin the Hatchery Area at Montauk State Park Dent
Dent County Courthouse Dent
Lower Parker School Dent
Montauk State Park Open Shelter Dent
Nichols Farm District Dent
Nova Scotia Ironworks Historic District Dent
Old Mill at Montauk State Park Dent
Young, W.A. House Dent
Ava Ranger Station Historic District Douglas
Courthouse Square Historic District Howell
 Page 598

RECOGNIZED IMPORTANT PLACES

NRHP Site County
Elledge Arcade Buildings Howell
Smith, W.T. and Ed Building Howell
West Plains Bank Building Howell
Fort Davidson Iron
Immanuel Evangelical Lutheran Church Iron
Iron County Courthouse Buildings Iron
St. Paul's Episcopal Church Iron
Ursuline Academy--Arcadia College Historic District Iron
Carroll Stagecoach Inn Oregon
Greer Mill Oregon
Pigman Mound Archeological Site Oregon
Bagnell Dam and Osage Power Plant Ozark
Harlin, Tohn Conkin and Clara Layton House Ozark
Hodgson-Aid Mill Ozark
Tohn Conkin and Clara Layton Ozark
Ozark Courthouse Square Historic District Ozark
Buford--Carty Farmstead Reynolds
Civil War Fortification at Barnesville Reynolds
B-9 Structure Archeological Site Ripley
Barrett, Randolph House Ripley
Indian Ford Ripley
Mule Camp Site Ripley
Price Site Ripley
Ripley County Courthouse Ripley
Ripley County Tail Ripley
Sheriff's Office and Sheriff's Residence Ripley
Sylvan School Ripley
Akers Ferry Archeological District Shannon
Alley Spring Roller Mill Shannon
Alton Club Shannon
Buttin Rock School Shannon
Chilton- Williams Farm Complex Shannon
Culpepper=Pumrnil Site (23SH14/55) Shannon
Klepzig, Walter Mill and Farm Shannon
Old Eminence Site (23SH104) Shannon
Owl's Bend Site (23SH10) Shannon
Pulltite Site (23SH94) Shannon
Reed Log House Shannon
Rhinehart Ranch Shannon
Round Spring Archeological District Shannon
 Page 599

RECOGNIZED IMPORTANT PLACES

NRHP Site County
Shawnee Creek Site Shannon
Two Rivers Site Shannon
Winona Ranger Station Historic District Shannon
Bates-Geers House Texas
Cole, Arthur W. and Chloe B. House Texas
Houston High School Texas
Houston Ranger Station Historic District Texas
White Rock Bluffs Archeological Pictograph Site Texas
Fort Benton Wayne
Old Greenville (23WE637) Wayne
Sam A. Baker State Park Historic District Wayne
Administration Building, Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station Wright
Kelton House Wright
Mountain Grove Bandstand Wright
Southwestern Bell Repeater Station--Wright City Wright
Wilder, Laura Ingalls House Wright
 Page 600

ApPENDIXD
INVENTORY OF CONTRIBUTING RESOURCES
 Page 601

Contributing Sites and Activities Related to Themes by County

Site Name County City Access
Carter County Historical Society Log Cabin Carter Van Buren Public
Carter County Courthouse Carter Van Buren
Coward's Hollow Natural Area Carter Public
Hidden Log Cabin Museum Carter Van Buren Public
Ozark National Scenic Riverwavs Carter Public
Peck Ranch Conservation Area Carter Public
Pioneer Museum Carter Ellsinore Public
Big Spring Carter/Shannon Public
Bonebreak Center of Nature & Historv Dent Salem Private
Dent County Courthouse Dent Salem
Dent County Museum Dent Salem Public
Montauk State Park Dent Public
Ozark Heritage Museum Dent Salem Public
A va Art Guild & Gallery Douglas Ava
Douglas County Historical Society Douglas Ava Public
Douglas County Courthouse Douglas Ava
Missouri Fox Trotting Horse Breed Association Douglas Ava Public
Topaz Mill Douglas Private
Antique Fire Truck, Automobile & Soda Museum Howell Willow Springs Public
Cloud 9 Ranch Club Howell Caulfield Public
Fire Museum of Missouri Howell West Plains Public
Harlin Museum Howell West Plains Public
Howell County Courthouse Howell West Plains
Mountain View Heritage Murals Howell Mountain View Public
Vanderhoef Memorial State Forest Howell Public
Wayside Park Trail Howell Mountain View Public
West Plains Opera House Howell West Plains Public
White Ranch State Forest Howell Public
Spring River Howell/ Oregon Public
Elephant Rocks State Park Iron Public
Fort Davidson State Historic Site Iron Public
Iron County Courthouse Iron Ironton Public
Iron County Historical Museum Iron Ironton Public
Taum Sauck Mountain Iron Public
Ulysses S. Grant Monument Iron Ironton Public
Boze Mill Spring Oregon Public
Falling Spring and Mill Oregon Public
Grand Gulf State Park Oregon Public
Greer Spring and Trail Oregon Public
Irish Wilderness Oregon Public
Kellv Cave Oregon Public
McCormack Lake Oregon Public
Oregon County Courthouse Oregon Alton
Turners Mill Oregon Public
Tupelo Gum Pond Natural Area Oregon Public
White's Creek Cave Oregon Public
Bull Shoals Lake Ozark Public
Caney Mountain Refuge Ozark Public
DawtMill Ozark Public
 Page 602

Devil's Backbone Wilderness Ozark Public

Gammond Mill Ozark Public
Hodgson Mill Ozark Public
Norfolk Lake Ozark Public
Old Harlin House Ozark Gainesville Public
Ozark County Courthouse Ozark Gainesville Public
Rockbridge Mill Ozark Public
The Narrows Ozark Public
Zanoni Mill Ozark Private
[Iohnson's Shut-Ins State Park Reynolds Public
Reynolds County Courthouse Reynolds
Current River Heritage Museum Ripley Doniphan Public
Pioneer Heritage Homestead Ripley Doniphan Public
Ripley County Courthouse Ripley Doniphan
Akers Ferry Shannon Public
Alley Spring Grist Mill Shannon Public
Blue Spring Shannon Public
Cave Spring & Devils Well Shannon Public
Tam Up Cave Shannon Public
Pulltite Spring & Cabin Scenic Shannon Public
Rocky Falls Shannon Public
Round Spring Shannon Public
Shannon County Courthouse Shannon Eminence
Story's Creek School Shannon Public
Two Rivers Shannon Public
Welch Spring Shannon Public
Texas County Missouri Historical & Military Museum Texas Houston Public
Texas County Courthouse Texas Houston
Bryant Creek Various Public
Eleven Point National Scenic River Various Public
Mark Twain National Forest Various Public
North Fork of the White River Various Public
Ozark & Ridge Runner Trail Various Public
Lake Wappapello State Park Wayne Public
Sam A. Baker State Park & Visotrs Center Wayne Public
Wayne County Courthouse Wayne Greenville
Baker Creek Heirloom Seed Company Wright Mansfield Public
Laura Ingalls Wilder Home and Museum Wright Mansfield Public
Mansfield Historical Society Wright Mansfield Public
Mountain Grove Square Wright Mountain Grove Public
Rosewood Farms Wright Hartville Public
SMSU-Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station Wright Mountain Grove Public
Wright County Courthouse Wright Hartville
Battle of Hartville Interpretive Panels Wright Hartville Public
 Page 603

Conservation Areas in the Region by County

County Conservation Area County Group District
Carter Carter Creek CA Carter Ozark
Current River CA Carter, Reynolds, Shannon Southeast
Hunter Towersite Carter Ozark
IvIiller CL Carter Southeast
Peck Ranch CA Carter, Shannon Ozark
Van Buren Riverfront Park Carter Ozark
Dent Brown (Gerhild and Graham) CA Dent Ozark
Cedar Grove CA Dent Ozark
Clement (R F) Mem Forest and WA Dent Ozark
Hver Woods CA Dent Ozark
Indian Trail CA Dent Ozark
Lenox Towersite Dent Ozark
Montauk Fish Hatchery Dent Ozark
Montauk Towersite Dent Ozark
Shawnee Mac Lakes CA Dent Ozark
Short Bend Access Dent Ozark
White River Trace CA Dent Ozark
Douglas Grundy Mem WA Douglas Ozark
Hebron Access Douglas Ozark
Massengill (Richard) CA Douglas Ozark
Rippee CA Douglas Ozark
Shannon Ranch CA Douglas Ozark
Squires Towersite Douglas Ozark
Vera Cruz Access Douglas Ozark
Howell Barn Hollow NA Howell, Texas Ozark
Cover (Dan and Maureen) Prairie CA Howell Ozark
Davidson (Carrick W) - Robert G Paris WA Howell Ozark
Davis (Dean) CA Howell Ozark
Mountain View Towersite Howell Ozark
Ozark Regional Office Howell Ozark
Sims Valley CL Howell Ozark
Tingler Prairie CA Howell Ozark
Vanderhoef (Archie and Gracie) Mem SF Howell Ozark
White Ranch CA Howell Ozark
Iron Bismarck CA Iron, Saint Francois, Washington Southeast
Buford Mountain CA Iron, Washington Southeast
Funk Mem SF and WA Iron Southeast
Graves Mountain CA Iron, Wayne Southeast
Ketcherside Mountain CA Iron, Reynolds Southeast
Riverside CA Iron, Reynolds, Wayne Southeast
Oregon Alton Forestry Sub-Office Oregon Ozark
Cover (Dan and Maureen) Mem WA Oregon Ozark
Martin (George and Vida) Access Oregon Ozark
Myrtle Access Oregon Ozark
Rose Hill Towersite Oregon Ozark
Thayer (Warm Fork Park) Oregon Ozark
Warm Fork CA Oregon Ozark
Ozark Blair Bridge Access Ozark Ozark
Bull Shoals Lake ML Ozark, Taney Ozark
 Page 604

Caney Mountain CA Ozark Ozark

Cook (Flo ) Access Ozark Ozark
Norfork Lake ML Ozark Ozark
Patrick Bridge Access Ozark Ozark
Sycamore Access Ozark Ozark
Tecumseh Towersite Ozark Ozark
Timber Knob Towersite Ozark Ozark
Warren Bridge Access Ozark Ozark
Reynolds Centerville Access Reynolds Southeast
Clearwater CA Reynolds Southeast
Clearwater Lake ML Reynolds, Wayne Southeast
Lesterville Access Reynolds Southeast
Logan Creek CA Reynolds, Shannon Southeast
Ripley Doniphan (T L Wright Mem Access) Ripley Ozark
Doniphan Towersite Ripley Ozark
Fourche Creek CA Ripley Ozark
Greenville Ford Access Ripley Ozark
Hemenway CA Ripley Ozark
Little Black CA Ripley Ozark
MudpuppyCA Ripley Ozark
Sand Pond CA Ripley Ozark
Shannon Angeline CA Shannon Ozark
Birch Creek CA Shannon Ozark
Buttin Rock Access Shannon Ozark
Ozark NSR (Two Rivers Access) Shannon Ozark
Rocky Creek CA Shannon Ozark
Sunklands CA Shannon Ozark
Thomasville Towersite Shannon Ozark
Twin Pines Conservation Education Center Shannon Ozark
Texas Austin CL Texas Ozark
Baptist Camp Access Texas Ozark
Barnes (p F) CA Texas Ozark
Boesl (Lois Arlene) Outdoor Educ Area Texas Ozark
Boiling Spring Access Texas Ozark
Cabool Towersite Texas Ozark
Dogs Bluff Access Texas Ozark
Eck (peter A) CA Texas Ozark
Gist Ranch CA Texas Ozark
Horseshoe Bend NA Texas Ozark
Houston Towersite Texas Ozark
Mason Bridge Access Texas Ozark
Midvale CA Texas Ozark
Mineral Springs Access Texas Ozark
Piney River Narrows NA Texas Ozark
Simmons Ford Access Texas Ozark
South Prong Access Texas Ozark
Summersville Towersite Texas Ozark
White (George 0) SF Nursery Texas Ozark
Wayne Clearwater Dist Hq Wayne Southeast
Coldwater Access Wayne Southeast
Coldwater CA Wayne Southeast
 Page 605

Duck Creek CA Bollinger, Stoddard, Wayne Southeast

Flatwoods CA Wayne Southeast
Hammer (Bradley A) Mem CA Wayne Southeast
Iron Bridge Access Wayne Southeast
Lon Sanders Canyon CA Wayne Southeast
University Forest CA Butler, Wayne Southeast
Wappapello Lake ML Wayne Southeast
Yokum School CA Wayne Southeast
Wright Allen (Wilbur) Mem CA Wright Ozark
Blue Slip Towersite Wright Ozark
Buzzard Bluff Access Wright Ozark
Camp Branch Access Wright Ozark
Cedar Gap CA Wright Ozark
Fuson (John Alva, MD) CA Wright Ozark
Odin Access Wright Ozark

Additional State Lands in and immediately

surrounding the Study Area
Allev Spring State Forest
Alley Spring State Park
Beal State Forest
Big Spring State Park
Blair Creek State Forest
Bloom Creek State Forest
Bozarth State Forest
Cabool State Wildlife Management Area
Cardareva State Forest
Carrs Creek State Forest
Castor River State Forest
Cedar Grove State Forest
Clearwater Lake State Wildlife Management Area
Clow State Forest
Coldwater State Forest
Deer Run State Forest
Dickens Valley State Forest
Duck Creek State Wildlife Refuge Number 1 Dam
Flat Rock State Wildlife Area
Fourche Creek State Forest
Grand Gulf State Park
Graves Mountain State Forest
Hartshorn State Forest
Hiram State Wildlife Management Area
Houston Tower Site State Wildlife Area
Indian Creek State Forest
Lake Wappapella State Wildlife Management Area
Lake Wappapello State Park
Larson State Wildlife Management Area
Licking State Forest Nursery
Little Black State Forest
Logan Creek State Forest
Miller Community Lake State Wildlife Area
 Page 606

Minzo National Wildlife Refuge

Montauk State Park
Mule Mountain State Forest
Otter Slough State Wildlife Management Area
Paint Rock State Forest
Pairlee Freeman Barnes State Wildlife Area
Peck Ranch State Wildlife Management Area
Piney River Narrows State Natural Area
Poplar Bluff State Forest
Powder Mill State Forest
Richard F Clement Memorial State Forest and Wildlife Area
Rippee State Wildlife Management Area
Riverside State Forest
Round Spring State Park
Round Spring State Park (historical)
Sam A Baker State Park
Shannondale State Forest
Silva State Wildlife Management Area
Skunk Pond State Wildlife Management Area
Summersville Towersite State Wildlife Area
Sunklands-Burr Oak State Wildlife Area
Webb Creek State Forest
White River State Forest
Wilhelmina State Forest
Yokum School State Wildlife Area
Page 607
 Page 608

ApPENDIXE
COORDINATING ENTITY EVALUATION
Page 609
 Page 610

ApPENDIXF
DEFINING IMPORTANT TERMS

--------------------------------~-- -~--
 Page 611
Appendix F: DEFINING IMPORTANT TERMS AND PLANNING TOOLS
In our planning work we have learned how important it is
to begin projects with an open discussion about the mean-
Ing of words and ideas associated with cultural resource
management and planning. While "interpretation," "educa-
tion," "conservation," "preservation," and "education" lie
at the heart of the NPS mission, there are many ways to
define these terms-and different disciplines apply them in
different ways.
We believe that it is essential to begin the planning process
by building a shared understanding of goals and the means
to achieve them. A first step should be an open dialogue
with Ozark Action, Inc., citizens, agencies and the consult-
ing team about such key ideas as "long-term economic
development" and "environmental sustainability". These
ideas are both means to an end and goals in themselves as
we think of the potential National Heritage Area.
Public discussion about broad ideas is an appropriate open-
ing to the planning process because, as a National Heritage
Area, this project is imbued with a call for grass-roots
citizen engagement.
We are committed to this dialogue, and we offer the fol-
lowing definitions based on our own understanding of
the enabling legislation and our knowledge of the region.
They are not intended as answers, but as the beginning of a
conversation that should continue throughout the planning
process-from the refinement of a Foundation Statement
in Phase 1 to the completion of the management plan
document.
"Action plan"
A plan that describes how to implement interpretation. It
includes:
Priorities: a description of what actions what should
happen first, next, and later.
Approach: a description of where and how the re-
gion's themes will be conveyed to visitors.
Evaluation strategy: a plan to assess effectiveness
and adjust interpretive programming and services.
"Authenticity in Cultural Landscape Preservation"
In our work from Freedom's Frontier NHA, our team
talked with residents a great deal about how they defined
"authenticity" in historic preservation and in interpre-
tive sites. The following is adapted from work with them
as presented in the final FFNHA report. We would work
with Ozark Action, Inc. to develop a similarly detailed, but
perhaps different definition as suited to your needs.
Working definitions of "Authenticity" from Freedom's
Frontier:
[We] define '54uthenticity" as experiences and settings
that are accurate, clear, compelling, and relevant to the
region. Understanding authenticity can help you to select
the ideal preservation treatment approach for a land-
scape, building, or site.
Authentic and quality historic preservation requires a
verifiable link to the region as a unique Heritage Area with
nationally significant stories.
"Authenticity"
Authenticity implies an original experience of being in
a historic place with an engagement of all the senses.
Authenticity in stewarding a site or building means more
than re-creating its appearance during the 19th century. An
authentic historic preservation project must be truthful, not
just to the facts, but also to the place in which it is told, the
people whose lives it recounts, and the technologies avail-
able to them.
The following statements typify authentic and successful
historic preservation efforts:
Offers a genuine, accurate, and verifiable link to the
regional past.
Provides a direct connection to one or more of the
NHA subthemes.
Engages the senses.
Helps to connect with the surrounding landscape
and the natural resources that may have shaped
events.
Is located near to historic events and stories that are
interpreted.
Contains several layers of time that may express
how the building or site evolved over time with dif-
ferent uses and residents.
Expresses the background and ethnicity of the
groups who lived or worked there.
 Page 612
"Civic Engagement/Citizen Engagement"
As a philosophy, a discipline, and a practice, it can be
viewed as a continuous, dynamic conversation with the
public on many levels that focuses on achieving an agreed-
upon vision, builds a sense of place, and welcomes and en-
courages diversity of opinions and backgrounds. It involves
activities such as informing, consulting with, engaging, col-
laborating with, and empowering residents and stakeholders
in planning, decision-making, and building relationships
around a shared stewardship mission.
"Cultural Landscape"
A geographic area, including both the cultural and natural
resources and the wildlife or domestic animals therein,
associated with an historic event, activity, or person, or ex-
hibiting culture or aesthetic values. There are four non-mu-
tually exclusive types of cultural landscapes: historic sites,
historic designed landscapes, historic vernacular landscapes,
and ethnographic landscapes.
"Foundational Statements"
The intellectual framework for interpretive plans. They are:
Significance statements: statements describing the
national, state, or local significance of the region.
Interpretive themes: themes that identify and orga-
nize the region's stories.
Audience: An analysis and descriptions of the ways
audiences will experience a region.
"Interpretation"
The art of sharing with others the meaning and relevance
of the world around us. For the Ozark region, interpreta-
tion can be communication that reveals meanings and rela-
tionships of cultural and natural heritage, usually through
first-hand involvement with an object, artifact, landscape,
or site.
Interpretation helps people to connect intellectually, emo-
tionally, or spiritually with the ideas, principles, beliefs, and
values embodied in our world. Interpretation is based on
facts and goes on to reveal what an object, place, or event
means and why it matters-why it is relevant to today.
Effective interpretation shares basic characteristics.
It is based on sound, objective scholarship.
It is presented within a thematic framework to pro-
vide focus and structure and to reinforce links and
connections.
It provides experiences that enhance audience con-
nections to authentic natural and cultural resourc-
es.
It is intellectually and physically accessible to people
with various abilities, learning styles, and levels of
expenence.
It is culturally sensitive, and explores topics from
different points of view.
It makes people think.
It engages the senses, not just the mind.
"Interpretive Plan"
A management document that outlines and guides deci-
sions about a region's interpretive programming. It is cre-
ated through an interdisciplinary, collaborative process that
is enhanced with active partner and stakeholder participa-
tion, and takes place within a larger planning context, like
a General Management Plan, a Feasibility Study such as
that for Ozark Action, Inc., or other overarching planning
initiative.
An interpretive plan should evoke a strong "sense of place"
(see our definition below), engender partner buy-in, and
motivate public support. It should identify compelling sto-
ries, and find practical and affordable ways to convey them.
In this way, a interpretive plan helps to guide managers,
partners, and visitors to rewarding interpretive experiences
throughout a region.
There is no single template for an effective plan, but plans
generally include components that are organized into: a)
foundational elements, and b) action plan.
"Management"
Specified actions, policies, strategies, taken to meet the
goals and recommendations of the heritage area.
"Media"
Means, methods, devices, or instruments by which the
interpretive message is presented to the public.
"Natural Resources"
Physical properties, materials, and on-going ecological
processes that include but are not limited to air and water
atmospheric resources, marine and freshwater systems; geo-
logic features and processes; biological entities and systems;
natural sound; day and night sky features and relationships;
seasonal and celestial fluctuations; and natural interactive
processes.
 Page 613

"Resource Protection" for nationally distinctive landscapes as well as the

The act or process of preventing, eliminating, or reducing
human-caused impacts to natural resources and natural
processes.
"Resources"
The people, materials, technologies, money, ete. required to
implement the strategies or processes. The costs of these
resources are often depicted in the form of a budget.
"Sense of Place"
Sense of place is a widely used phrase that can mean dif-
ferent things to different people. Following the writings of
many geographers and historians, we define "sense of place
as something more than scenic beauty, or historic events, or
landmark architecture.
definition of "national significance" included in the
guidelines for Save America's Treasures projects.
We consider places, stories, or landscapes to be
nationally significant when -they "contain important
regional and national stories that, together with
their associated natural and/or cultural resources,
enable the American people to understand, preserve
and celebrate key components of the multi-faceted
character of the Nation's heritage."

Sense of Place means the conscious awareness of how a

regton IS uruque.

For an Ozark National Heritage Area, "sense of place" is

important because it can instill a sense of local pride. It can
inspire citizens to become involved and to stay involved
in the organization and its outreach. Sense of place is
achieved for many reasons including: the region's natural
history, social activism and debate, open sky, and a long-
term tradition of community involvement. Some historic
sites and landscapes are valued for many reasons: for their
natural history, how it shaped human history, its scenic
beauty today, and vitality of its social life. When people are
aware of their uniqueness as natural and social places, they
have a stronger sense of place and they can begin to con-
nect the strands of history for themselves and others.

"Statement of National Significance"

Significance statements build on the national heritage area's
purpose and clearly state why, within a national context, the
national heritage area's resources and values are impor-
tant enough to warrant the area's designation as a national
heritage area.

These statements identify the resources and values that are

central to managing the area and express the importance of
the area to our natural and cultural heritage.

In drafting the statement of national significance,

several National Park Service defi nitions of "national
significance" were taken into consideration including
the National Heritage Area feasibility study guidelines
Page 614
 Page 615

Document Prepared by Jeffrey L. Bruce and Company, L.L.c. Oeff Bruce, Michael
McGrew, Mary Shuster) and Frank Martin. We would like to thank all peer reviewers for
their feedback on the feasibility study.

We would like to thank Kathleen Morrissey and Matt Meachum for their research and
information which provided the basis for this effort. We also thank all members of the
public who participated in civic engagement for their invaluable expertise and support in
the development of this study.

JEFFREY L. BRUCE & COMPANY

1907 SWIFT STREET, 204,
SUITE
NORTH KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI 64116
T 816.842.8999 F 816.842.8885
WWW.JLBRUCE.COM
 Page 616

National Heritage Area

Feasibility Study Proposal

Ozark Action, Inc.

Haw Creek Falls in the Ozark National Forest

SUBMITTED BY:

Jeffrey L. Bruce & Company, L.L.c.

1907 SWIFT STREET, SUITE 204, NORTH KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI 64116
T 816.842.8999 F 816.842.8885 WWW.JLBRUCE.COM
 Page 617

May 12,2010

Mr. Bryan Adcock

Executive Director
Ozark Action, Inc.
710 East Main
West Plains, Missouri 65775

RE: National Heritage Area Feasibility Study for Ozark Action, Inc.

Dear Mr. Adcock:

Thank you for considering our company in crafting a feasibility study for
your organization. We are excited about assisting you with this process.
Jeffrey L. Bruce & Company, LLC (JBC) is pleased to provide a schematic
framework to develop the National Heritage Area Feasibility Study for Ozark
Action, Inc.

This study can be a valuable foundation resource for your organization as it

moves through the National Heritage Area process. We outline a framework
process and schedule that we feel will provide a quality feasibility study that
complies with new NPS guidelines. Our decades of planning experience
for many types of resources, histories and public groups teaches us above
all the values of flexibility and careful listening. We see this framework as
the beginning of a conversation with your organization and not a completed
solution.

We believe that we are uniquely qualified to offer your organization the fol-
lowing strengths:

Familiarity with NPS guidelines. Every National Heritage Area is differ-

ent in size, stories, people and audiences. But NPS has overall feasibility
study guidelines and continues to consider new models for management
plans. Our work with Freedom's Frontier National Heritage Area responded
to existing guidelines and pioneered new models for guidelines for heritage
areas in the future.

Clear project management structure. From complex recreational projects

to large campus plans, we are experts in creating a clear project manage-
ment structure where your questions can be answered immediately and the
public can understand our efforts. For such a large region with so many citi-
zens and groups who deserve to be involved, our ability to coordinate and
communicate can make the difference in a successful result.

~.
-------------------------------------------------------
FEASIBILITY S T U D Y PRO P 0 S A L

2
 Page 618

The flexibility to work within a complex region. Our experience with

Freedom's Frontier NHA involved hundreds of citizens, dozens of non-prof-
, it groups, and many units of government. We adapted to new requests,
changed our scope of work, and listened to our clients as the plan devel-
oped. In the end, the plan was innovative, regionally-specific, and a new
model for integrating regional ecology and cultural landscapes in NHA
planning.

Commitment to civic engagement. We firmly believe in "bringing every-

one to the table" because, when this plan is complete, we will likely no lon-
ger be at the table. The enthusiasm, learned skills, and tools in the hands
of citizens and can keep the region vibrant and self-renewing in the years
to come. The dedication of citizen networks can withstand recessions and
remain self-sufficient. For this reason, citizens must be part of the founda-
tional work for this plan. We appreciate your efforts in civic engagement to
this point in the process.

Local appreciation and national perspective. This region of the Ozarks

is a unique region in the United States of America and one that we feel as
you do that it should be celebrated as a distinct heritage area. Our team
includes deep local awareness typified by Richard Yates and his family
history in the region. Frank Edgerton Martin served as cultural landscape
historian and planner with us for Freedom's Frontier. He also has pub-
lished numerous articles on landscapes and heritage preservation projects
across the country. He brings a national view of new trends in preservation,
project communication, and public outreach.

We would be glad to answer any questions that you may have about this
proposal. We share with you, and all who have experienced the activity
and vitality of the Ozarks region, excitement and enthusiasm for this proj-
ect. We are deeply committed to the promise of National Heritage Areas in
our work, and would be honored to help you in crafting a practical and rich
long-term vision for Ozark Action, Inc.

Sincerely,

Jeffrey L. Bruce, FASLA, LEED, ASIC, GRP

President, Jeffrey L. Bruce & Company, LLC

FEASIBILITY S T U D Y PRO P 0 S A L

3
 Page 619

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Letter of Interest

"When we see land as a 1. About Our Team Page 5

community to which we
belong, we may begin 2. Framework Pages 6-7
to use it with love and
respect." 3. Previous Experience Pages 8-11

-Aida Leopold 4. Proposed Work Plan Pages 12-13

5. Proposed Scope of Work and Budget Pages 14-19

Appendix

A. Defining Important Terms and Planning Tools

B. Contract for Professional Consulting Services

Alley Mill, Shannon County, Missouri

,,--------------------------------------~--------------
FEASIBILITY S T U D Y PRO P 0 S A L

4
 Page 620

ABOUT OUR TEAM

Our team includes professionals from many disciplines who have success-
fully worked together on past interpretive and planning projects. We continue
to work together because we learn from one another, from the citizens we
meet and from the unique challenges, solutions, and successes of every
project.

Jeffrey L. Bruce & Company, LLC (JBC), is a national landscape architec-

tural firm founded in Kansas City in 1986. While serving as landscape archi-
tectural consultants for the University of Kansas (KU) Campus Heritage Plan
in 2006, JBC met and collaborated with Frank Edgerton Martin. Funded
by the Getty Foundation, our project for KU became one of the first campus
preservation plans in the country to place historic landscapes on an equal
par with architecture. The result will guide growth at KU for generations to
come.

From the KU plan, we learned of the upcoming Management Plan for the
Freedom's Frontier National Heritage Area, a 41-county region stretching
from western Missouri to central Kansas. We brought our multi-disciplinary
approach to this effort and helped residents to think about how natural his-
tory shaped human history. We worked with local sites to understand their
role in a greater regional fabric of ecology and stories, how the land helped
to shape the region's stories of conflict and the aspiration for freedom.

For the past 30 years, Jeffrey Bruce has built a professional practice and
firm focused of what he calls the "Midwest Aesthetic"--a design ethic based
on the unique cultural, historical and ecological foundations of the Midwest.
As he states it, "The Midwest Aesthetic is a sensitivity to the values of a cul-
ture that has a traditional intimacy with the land that is unique and little under-
stood outside this region." He guided our team's work both for the University
of Kansas and for Freedom's Frontier. Jeff will serve as a point of contact for
client questions and guide our study of the region's natural history.

Richard Yates is a senior landscape architect at JBC. He served as project

manager for both the University of Kansas and Freedom's Frontier Plans
helping the team to meet schedules and to adapt our services as needed for
the best results.

Michael McGrew, a Project Manager with JBC, coordinated the day-to-day

creation of the Freedom's Frontier Management Plan and also served as a
landscape architectural advisor in natural resources inventory and documen-
tation. Michael will oversee civic engagement strategies, report production
and create maps and graphics for the entire project.

Frank Edgerton Martin served as landscape historian and preservation

planner for both the University of Kansas and Freedom's Frontier plans. A
contributing editor for Landscape Architecture magazine, he is also an active
journalist and writer. Frank brings significant experience in public participa-
tion, and he will help to guide the writing and editing of the feasibility study.

FEASIBILITY S T U D Y PRO P 0 S A L

5
 Page 621

FRAMEWORK
The Feasibility Study is organized into five chapters plus appendixes. All of these components will require
civic input and direction, but we want to provide you the tools and resources to assist you in crafting this
study. Each section is described briefly below.

CHAPTERS

Chapter 1: "Introduction" provides a brief description of the area and an overview of the study's pur-
pose, history, and legal requirements. This chapter also describes the public involvement strategy and
outcomes including the vision statement, themes, and heritage resource inventory.

Chapter 2: "Study Area History and Description" includes a brief history of the area, starting from natu-
ral history to the first inhabitants through today. The chapter also describes the socioeconomic environ-
ment of southeast Missouri.

Chapter 3: "Theme" describes the story that is uniquely theirs that contributes to our nation's story. It
also includes the sub-themes that collectively set this landscape apart from any other and together form
their unique "could only happen here" story. The places that inform the unique story were developed
through a public involvement process described here and then they were aligned with the NPS The-
matic Framework.

Chapter 4: "Coordination Alternatives" describes and evaluates the alternatives that were considered,
their strengths and weaknesses and recommends the strongest alternative-no action, national heri-
tage area, and privately organized heritage area. The chapter also evaluates coordinating entity options
for the national heritage area alternative. There may be an optional addition to provide a broad review
of economic sustainability of the program, as this is rapidly emerging as a critical issue in management
plan assessments.

Chapter 5: "Application of the NPS Heritage Area Criteria" evaluates the feasibility and suitability of con-
gressional designation of the study area as a national heritage area according to the four steps and ten
criteria identified in the National Park Service's "Draft National Heritage Area Feasibility Study Guide-
lines" (NPS 2003).

APPENDICES

Appendix A: "Legal Requirements" includes public laws, mandates and other legal documents pertain-
ing to the area under study that required, defined and/or shaped any part of this study.

Appendix B: "Public Support" includes a list of organizations that have participated in the study, letters
of support and/or commitment to work together to further the area in achieving the vision, resolutions to
support a National Heritage Area designation, specific input from residents that shaped and informed
the assessment organized by workshop, surveys, letters or phone calls intended to inform the assess-
ment by the contributor.

Appendix C: "Recognized Important Places" includes all regional, state or federal listings for the Nation-
al Register of Historic Places, National Landmarks and National Natural Landmarks and/or other types
of listings that recognize preservation of a contributing resource. This includes all contributing cultural
landscapes that have been identified and assessed, recognized archeological sites and significant fea-
~ures that speak to the uniqueness of the place.

FEASIBILITY S T U D Y PRO P 0 S A L

6
 Page 622

FRAMEWORK (continued)
Appendix D: "Inventory of Contributing Resources" are the resources identified through the public pro-
cess that speak specifically to the overarching theme and the sub-themes. The inventory identifies the
place, its condition, whether or not it is accessible to the public, if the owner/manager permits access
and whether or not interpretation is available to visitors.

Appendix E: "Coordinating Entity Evaluation" includes the requests for information from prospective ap-
plicants, selection process and factors considered and a letter from the Regional Director of the Nation-
al Park Service if one of the applicants meets the capability requirements should the area move forward
in the designation process.

DRAFT HERITAGE AREA FEASIBILITY STUDY GUIDELINES

Note: We have included the guidelines from the NPS as a tool for clearly indicating how this region
meets the requirements of the National Heritage Area program. ALL chapters will meet the require-
ments in part, and will be cross-referenced in a work plan to show where these ten criteria are being
met. We feel that Chapter 5 can clearly list these components a final time for "cut-and-dry" review by
NPS.

The feasibility study criteria considers that a candidate national heritage area:

1. Is an area that has an assemblage of natural, historic, or cultural resources that together represent
distinctive aspects of American heritage worthy of recognition, conservation, interpretation, and continu-
ing use, and are best managed as such an assemblage through partnerships among public and private
entities, and by combining diverse and sometimes noncontiguous resources and active communities;

2. Reflects traditions, customs, beliefs, and folklife that are a valuable part of the national story;

3. Provides outstanding opportunities to conserve natural, cultural, historic, and/or scenic features;

4. Provides outstanding recreational and educational opportunities;

5. Has the resources important to the identified theme or themes of the area retain a degree of integrity
capable of supporting interpretation;

6. Residents, business interests, non-profit organizations, and governments within the proposed area
are involved in the planning, have developed a conceptual financial plan that outlines the roles for all
participants including the federal government, and have demonstrated support for designation of the
area;

7. The proposed management entity and units of government supporting the designation are willing to
commit to working in partnership to develop the heritage area;

8. The proposal is consistent with continued economic activity in the area;

9. A conceptual boundary map is supported by the public; and

10. The management entity proposed to plan and implement the project is described.

FEASIBILITY S T U 0 Y PRO P 0 S A L

7
 Page 623

PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE

'<:>
" . "

<::
The National Park Service created the national heritage area program to
promote and protect unique cultural, historical, and natural assets. Freedom's
Frontier National Heritage Area (FFNHA), located across 41 counties in
eastern Kansas and western Missouri, is a historically significant region for the
Westward Migration, Border War, and Civil War. Jeffrey L. Bruce & Company
(JBC) with Frank Edgerton Martin led a team to craft a management plan for
the region detailing where, why, and how the National Heritage Area will be
developed.

FFNHA is part of a new generation of national heritage areas that are

managed as grassroots organizations. JBC worked with numerous groups
and individuals to craft a vision and mission statement, along with simple-
to-use toolkits and operational plans to enact this vision. JBC was critical in
developing the "Power of Place" and "Power of Story" describing the region's
uniqueness. The unifying theme, utilizing landscape as an organizing
element for crafting "story ecosystems" of connected locations and events,
was a revolutionary approach for a National Heritage Area and met with
extremely high approval by the National Park Service, the FFNHA Board
of Trustees, and the grass roots members of the heritage area. Interpretive
Solutions provided independent peer review of several components in the
management plan.
~-----------------------------------------------------------
F E A S B L T Y S T U D Y PRO P 0 S A L

Previous Work Experience ~

8
 Page 624

SHARING STORIES & SENSE OF PLACE

ENHANCI NC OUR STORY ECOSYSTEM

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h.!lUty,orb.istork ~ orlandm.u\ udUttdm~ lW.Dd·h<rtLAdr=>~oflh~stortc..,.;li!;cn!a_j.rnrDfbull
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r.:!;Ian', P;I..It'IIr.Ilhi:Jmry.Kld.Il.JoC:tiviml.and.:kbm:}cpauky.
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.and" ~ tr:aditiondC'OmlmlllitrinvoiRmmt.As
in:>uni'lDt •.•-..y.lJkrwi:K.""'lInttll ••••. Jm>ri•.• lndiff .••~ ••t
s.t.ab!Jluta.,Pr.n..ernlPluc-,blslorit:"II:I..;mdblll15G1P"'"
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Pro.licr!

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~_~u..:ioUtory:u.dIoal""'''''..rom- ••.••••• PoUt anoLflrtll.R. Xnc'>riog:tonu: of OUr sbJriu and bo...- Ih.:r wilrnt •• "r •••.•.• OIIhalJo:aAoened ~lorJ<istooy;li ••••••• buttbtr .•iU.1e;;;m r.bcutboooo!hoo oIariI!~not."'r •• b.o;hortth;dPory
CClErllllr.lJ1ityanb.aJptb.!aatgcno::n1ioruknol.--..iWnWcB lit into •• Nlioo.:dly sJsnillc..-otwbok:, can bdp to iIl.liU i JrId t--ti'.I!stDI"i;alkdKIeot..-dDrit r, Tr.yMll'll,lu1t.iNm .boI.t£>,.,.fac1. of In filnt.b-twUluoo.n:u,-,doo..lhI:I.....-lI u.a;oed
likiDi:.Kbofcur.mtM:I~ -orthlmprr:>~
••• l(nFeofpride..~ri~('Ulakohdf'cu:m:llt~futur1: ltU.o~andh"...ho...gior.m..::..dth.l'ILlIIion.vo:ltna~1d.

pft'<ll'iol'ti ••.bolm::bo:n.'- ••• ~ •• stron~SClJe"fcomrnit-

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~~in~estiDsgrtm1o:l.ric-hutiMb.".......,.th<ryQW hclp
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lh.ol, ikf~OJ.~riplts,."'IC'III)l!'Ihin& •••••rth "Fr~liti~r]: .i{~i~":!Zbout-
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'to, .doc#mr.nt our history, t~ tr.:11 our oWn
mnmwcrl:d.Jt~ lasob(1Utpu~gptopk
AIlD.IlJ1ilnlmIIODn",·~bOTnl.'insr~;ctions,,!ldl1lS
nmAing f..r loc.a! poUtil:'lll mJicr:, 'VOa.n~rirl£ IW '-:Jc.d ..m4pu.a~mm •• bo"'pU""'gpwp" A~~s, to give cn.lJt t.l tht 4~SCtlla~Hnand
bDraJ'dsand bkIng,1..s1m on •• mllbnwrersbl. ~.isnIt. '·;·-·#fto #1r·hLdo~calframtMl"~~ . t~ ancmorsjo.r tnt.AccOmplishmrnts of
Fart:Umpl...lf~Y.JhH.i~..rbn<l: .• rw:inrum. gtnerations uf tht past. We bditVl that its
ior in historiaI,
.••...n.l:csznit.
~'lIItur.u. ~d ri:<mlmlic Y3luc, ~r wiD
.:~~:;~±!.1.:~~~~c., our mp,!"sibJ-lity to take ClUt: oj our pt:opk.
.~ihiS·iit#urr is' too rich for other fou.:. 7I"t to
know.about it.· .

·~auJ)#~~.~~~i.0~

Testimonials

"It was a pleasure to work with all of you on the project. We thank you
for your leadership and flexibility in challenging times. The creativity of
your team is second to none."
--Judy Billings, Director, Freedom's Frontier National Heritage Area

"Missouri Division of Tourism is impressed with the FFNHA manage-

ment plan and will continue to support Freedom's Frontier."
--Bob Smith, Interim Director, Missouri Division of Tourism

"It is very innovative to connect stories to landscape rather than to

political boundaries ...very functional and easy for user groups to follow
with great design graphics."
-blind jury comments, Maryland chapter of the American Society of
Landscape Architects

F E A S B L T Y S T u D Y P R 0 P o S A L

Previous Work Experience

9
 Page 625

PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE

The primary goal of this Campus Heritage Plan is to promote the

stewardship of the University of Kansas' historic campus by identifying,
interpreti ng and protecti ngthe most important vestiges of sites, architecture
and landscape design. In the long term, these historic attributes, seen
as evidence of time and change, can provide the University a distinct
and valued asset in drawing and enlightening future members of this
community. The planning team included team members Jeffrey L. Bruce
& Company, as well as an Architectural Historian, Cultural Landscape
Writer and Ecological Specialists which made for a truly collaborative
effort.

The University of Kansas Campus Heritage Plan has made pioneering

advances in integrating new sustainable water treatment practices and
species diversity and sustainability while preserving historic character.
Now complete, the plan is one of the first in the country to create politically-
realistic management tools that value Landscape Architecture equally
with Architecture.

'----------------------------------------------------------------
F E A S B L T Y S T U 0 Y PRO P 0 S A L

Previous Work Experience

10
 Page 626

Testimonials
"One of the keys to a KU education is sustaining the traditions that make
it such a unique place. This Getty grant helps make sure the traditions of
our physical setting are maintained."
-Chancellor Robert E. Hemenway

"Most planning documents only look forward; the pressure to accommo-

date future needs rarely takes into account the historical dimension and
aesthetic consequences. The Getty study does.

This Getty study was a huge learning experience for me, because for the
first time I was exposed to the evolution of a campus in a very succinct
manner. So this study gives us a perspective on the campus that is really
quite rare, and very valuable. The other thing this study did for me is, it
enhanced the power of those voices that say, 'Be careful about what you
build, and where. '

The issues it raises are very much on our radar screen. They're part of
our filter of thinking right now. "
-Provost Richard Lariviere

F E A S B L T Y S T U D Y PRO P 0 S A L
Previous Work Experience
11
 Page 627

PROPOSED WORK PLAN

BACKGROUND

. On October 26, 1999, in testimony before the House Subcommittee on National Parks and Public
Lands, House Resource Committee, the NPS articulated its definition of a NHA, the steps to be com-
pleted prior to designation, and the 10 criteria to permit the NPS, Congress and the public to evaluate
candidate areas. The NPS definition provides that:

A National Heritage Area is a place designated by Congress where natural,

cultural, historic and scenic resources combine to form a cohesive, nationally
distinctive landscape arising from patterns of human activity shaped by geogra-
phy. These patterns make National Heritage Areas representative of the national
experience through the physical features that remain and the traditions that have
evolved in them. Continued use of National Heritage Areas by people whose
traditions helped to shape the landscapes enhances the Significance.

The process to achieve designation as a National Heritage Area requires public involvement in the pro-
cess to evaluate unique resources, cultural heritage, tradition, history and geographic significance. The
process must define a theme and create a framework for documentation and determination of national
distinctiveness. This scope of work will provide documentation of the feasibility of an area designation
and establish the framework for approval as a National Heritage Area and authorization for develop-
ment of a management plan.
The work effort to date by Ozark Action, Inc. and other state and local agencies and individuals has
provided the basis to seek creation and formulation of a feasibility study of the designated area as the
next step in the process.

The Feasibility Study:

Requires a public outreachlinvolvement strategy where all stakeholders have the opportunity to '-..--/
offer input, provide comment, voice opposition;
Establishes a framework for conducting public input sessions with local citizens;
Identifies and establishes a framework for development of strategies for resource management,
and heritage development;
As appropriate, suggests alternative approaches for development, management, preservation,
and conservation;
Defines roles and responsibilities of management entities, partners, and other stakeholders; and
Outlines a budget to realize the vision, implementing the prioritized goals and objectives.
Provides flexible options and alternatives to provide extra support to meet the needs of Ozark Ac-
tion, Inc..

The Planning Process:

Establishes Ozark Action, Inc. communications methods that are effective, sustainable and long
lasting;
Engages the public through consistent, open and inclusive communications methods;
Tests and implements evaluation and progress measuring tools;
Increases stakeholder commitment with initiation of Scope of Work; and
Sets clear expectations of each partner, including the Ozark Action, Inc. staff.

~-----------------------------------------------------------
FEASIBILITY S T U D Y PRO P 0 S A L

12
 Page 628
·1

CONSULTING TEAM

The strength of this Team is not only experience in their fields, but also within the region. The Team's
collective areas of expertise include community and economic development, cultural heritage tourism,
historic preservation, landscape architecture, and consensus building.

Jeffrey L. Bruce & Company, LLC (based in Kansas City, Missouri) will serve as contracting entity and
project coordinator for the planning process. The company's staff and resources will be tapped to
provide the day-to-day administration of the project. The firm's experience and expertise in landscape
architecture, environmental assessments and resource management will be tapped for the specific plan
components. Jeffrey Bruce, Richard Yates, and Michael McGrew are the core staff on the consulting
Team.

Frank Edgerton Martin recently served as public meeting facilitator, landscape historian and preserva-
tion specialist for the creation of the Freedom's Frontier National Heritage Area Management Plan and
the Getty Foundation Campus Heritage Grant for the University of Kansas and University of Minnesota-
Morris. Working with Gemini Research and Miller Dunwiddie Architecture, he helped to create a vision-
ary and long-term preservation plan for the entire campus landscape. His expertise in cultural land-
scapes, interpretation and civic engagement will be utilized in these planning areas.

TEAM'S PHILOSOPHY

The Team brings together the diverse qualifications required to facilitate this process through both
national and local experience. The Team's working philosophy includes a commitment to a grassroots,
community-based approach to engage local citizens through facilitated conversations. The Team firmly
~.- believes in a conservation and preservation-based approach to heritage development that embodies
the principles of both geotourism and heritage tourism.

Commitment to the Management Planning Process:

Ozark Action, Inc. and Team will each identify one representative as the contract coordinator,
facilitator and final decision maker.
All public presentations, handouts and review materials will be approved by the facilitating com-
mittee prior to presentation.
Steering committee will have at least 7 days of review time for approval of public meeting materi-
als and review documents.
The public feedback process will be mostly provided to the Team bye-mail or web-based to ef-
ficiently facilitate gathering, organizing and producing feedback results.
All items developed, whenever possible, are expected to serve as a tool throughout the life of the
heritage area process, including the development of the management plan.
Every product developed will be furnished to Ozark Action, Inc. in a word document, a PDF and/
or whatever format needed for successful publication and dissemination.

FEASIBILITY S T U D Y PRO P 0 S A L

13
 Page 629

PROPOSED SCOPE OF WORK AND BUDGET

Outlined below are the items to develop the feasibility study. The first phase of "Discovery" develops
the information needed for the study through civic engagement and Team research. The second phase
is the process of crafting the study and citizen review. As a value added service several items are out-
lined which can be added to the basic scope of work to enhance communication and education of this
process. These items listed below can be selected individually based on the needs and desires of the
stakeholder committee members.

PHASE I DISCOVERY

Task 1. Orientation

Communications System for Study Process

Create documents (i.e. meeting notes, memos) for use through the entire planning process. Doc-
umentation is a critical component of the feasibility study process, particularly in terms of civic
engagement.
Prepare monthly reports of items completed by the team for Ozark Action review
Prepare all public materials in web-compatible format for uploading to a website.

Option A: Orientation Session with Ozark Action, Inc.

Prepare for and facilitate a meeting in West Plains between all team members and key members
of the coalition to build a shared understanding of goals and philosophy prior to the start of the
feasibility study process.
Work with Ozark Action, Inc. to craft an optimal strategy for citizen engagement.
Team will recap meeting and any follow ups with notes and conference call. -, /

Option B: Media and Web Assistance

Team can provide simple website hosting and maintenance of materials and reports for citizens.
Refer to http://www.ffnha-hosting.com for an example of previous services provided by the team.
Preliminary assistance with press releases and alternative media resources.

Task 2. Civic Engagement Training

Training Session Development

Team will craft a series of materials tailored to the region to best provide quality civic engagement
to meet the goals of the NPS heritage area program.

Training Session

Facilitate a meeting in the potential heritage area with citizens that have expressed an interest in
facilitating the civic engagement process.

~-------------------------------------------------------------------
FEASIBILITY S T U D Y PRO P 0 S A L

14
 Page 630

The team will provide a presentation to facilitate a decentralized network of civic engagement
among members and resources to provide consistent documentation of varied results including:
What a Management Plan is and is not
Civic Engagement to document our resources
Tying Our Place to our Stories and Our Stories to Our Place
Developing Themes of National Significance
Format for Initial Exercises
Logistics (number of people and items needed to perform a session)
Follow-up (gathering lists of resources from citizens, what worked, what could be improved,
number of people, groups underrepresented, strategies for continued and new engage-
ment)

Option C: Additional Civic Engagement Training Sessions

Facilitate a series of meetings in the potential heritage area with citizens that have expressed an
interest in facilitating the civic engagement process.

Task 3. Our Area, Our Stories

Since the work by Ozark Action has indicated grassroots eagerness by members to share stories, it may
be best to work initially from the perspective of gathering stories in initial strategies:

Civic Discovery

Cultural resources database (annual events, traditions, folklife).

Civic engagement infrastructure (potential media and community outlets to promote the heritage
area)
Historical Description of the Area (important events of the past that define the area). This is not an
all-inclusive or comprehensive documentation of the area's history, but a method of determining if
the broad history of the region can be reflected in its historic resources later in the feasibility study
process.
Identifying a list of broad story groups through the civic engagement process (potentially includ-
ing: self-sufficiency, agricultural and forestry heritage). This is not a comprehensive documenta-
tion of every citizen's stories, but a method to develop interpretive themes later in the feasibility
study process.

Team Assistance and Assessment

Assistance to facilitators through pre-determined conference calls or e-mail.

Provide facilitators session materials and structure. These materials will be consistent for all
facilitators, but will be customized after feedback from facilitators on what citizen engagement
strategies have been successful and where there are areas that need additional attention.
Likewise, the team will make suggestions on areas that may need additional attention or poten-
tially underrepresented stories.
The team will receive civic assessment findings from facilitators and document these findings.
The team will not qualify civic engagement findings as being "good or bad" but may exclude

FEASIBILITY S T U D Y PRO P 0 S A L

15
 Page 631

PROPOSED SCOPE OF WORK AND BUDGET (continued)

findings if they are deemed not relevant to the feasibility study or goals of the heritage area pro-
gram.
The team may make an assessment on potentially underrepresented stories and document them
later in the feasibility study. These shall be separately categorized and noted. <:»

Task 4. Our Area, Our Place

This process primarily documents items that are commonly available and documented. This is a founda-
tion for additional work in the feasibility study

Team Discovery - Natural Resources Database

The Team will develop a draft natural resources database of which potentially includes the following:
Geographic Features (watersheds, rivers, dams, lakes, greenways, prairie areas, state forests,
state wildlife areas, overlooks & promitories, marshes, abandoned railroads)
Natural Features (endangered species, native flora and fauna, ecosystems)
Historical Assets (State and Nationally registered buildings, landscapes, and places, archeologi-
cal sites, cemeteries, remnant industries)
Tourism infrastructure (hotels, gateways, welcome centers, visitor ready sites)
Recreational infrastructure (botanical gardens, city parks, county and state parks, sports facili-
ties)
Educational infrastructure (schools, universities, museums, community centers, libraries)
Transportation infrastructure (highways, railroads, regional trails)
Demographics (by census tract, county, or entire region, 2000 census, 1900-1990 censuses)
Plans (conservation plans, economic development plans, community plans, park and recreation
plans, trails plans, EAlEIS projects)
The team may make an assessment on potentially underrepresented stories and document them
later in the feasibility study. These shall be separately categorized and noted.

Civic Discovery

Key stakeholders will assist in reviewing and providing missing data in the natural resource data-
base.

Task 5. Tying Place to Stories and Stories to Place

To further enhance the case for establishment of a heritage area, a critical component is to tie human
experience and activity to geography over time.
/
I Option D: Team Facilitated Discussion - Tying the landscape to stories.

A concern is that the Team may appear too remote or disengaged with the grassroots process
to the general public. We are interested in providing a facilitated discussion at one or several
locations on tying the landscape to stories. This is a critical component in the organization of a
heritage area.

FEASIBILITY S T U D Y PRO P 0 S A L

16
 Page 632

Civic Discovery-Thematic Development

Integrating the broad story groups developed by separate facilitators earlier in the process and
crafting regional interpretive themes.
~
Option E: Additional Thematic Development Session Facilitated by the Team
(
. • The process of crafting regional interpretive themes can be facilitated by the Team in one or two
venues.

Civic Discovery-Tying Stories to Place and defining the Heritage Area

Citizen assessment of the natural resources database to determine highly valued natural resourc-
es that relate to themes.
Citizen review of the natural resources database to identifying "sacred places" that are not on the
database. These are locations where citizens feel highly relate to their stories and not included in
the database.
Venues for celebrating our heritage (preliminary assessment of interpretive sites and educational
resource opportunities).
Citizens will review the study area boundary map as conceptually developed by Ozark Action to
determine if it defines their "heritage area."
Facilitate an exercise with the public to determine branding items such as the potential name and
logo of the heritage area
The Team will receive civic assessment findings from facilitators and document these findings.
The team will not qualify findings as being "good or bad" but may exclude findings if they are
deemed not relevant to the feasibility study or goals of the heritage area program.

Option F: Team Facilitated Branding Exercise

As an alternate, the team can facilitate an exercise with the public to determine branding items
\~ s_u_c_h_a_s_th_e_po_t_e_n_ti_a_1
n_a_m_e_a_n_d_I_O_9_o_o_f_th_e_h_e_rit_a_g_e_a_r_e_a_. ~

PHASE II CRAFTING THE STUDY

Task 1. Crafting the Feasibility Study Chapters

Coordination Alternatives

The Team will provide an independent review of coordination alternatives and recommend the
strongest alternative for this potential heritage area. Coordinating entity alternatives will also be
incoporated into this review.

Option G: Economic Sustain ability of the Potential Heritage Area Program

The team can review other national heritage areas with varied resources and goals and em-
pirically evaluating how applying differing monetary strategies can affect the long-term economic
\ sustainability of this potential Heritage Area.

FEASIBILITY S T U D Y PRO P 0 S A L

17
 Page 633

PROPOSED SCOPE OF WORK AND BUDGET (continued)

Team Compilation, Facilitator Review, and Public Comment

The Team will take the findings from the previous tasks and develop a preliminary draft of the five
chapters of the feasibility study as laid out in the Framework on page 6.
A committee of citizens, facilitators, and Ozark Action, Inc. will be established to review the initial
draft of the feasibility study. The draft will be provided for 30 days of committee review and input,
with one conference call in that time.
The team will post a revised draft of the feasibility study chapters within 14 after the committee
review period.
The public shall have 30 days for review and input of the revised feasibility study chapters. The
draft shall be available on the internet as well as in at least one location in the region.

Task 2. Crafting the Feasibility Study Appendix

Legal Requirements

If relevant, Ozark Action will assist the Team in detailing public laws, mandates, and other legal
documents that required, defined, and/or shaped any part of this study.

Public Support

Ozark Action will work with the general public to procure letters of support as laid out in the Ap-
pendix B Framework on page 6.

Team Coordinating Entity Evaluation

Team will facilitate the coordinating entity evaluation as laid out in the Appendix E framework on ,----/
Page 7.

Team Compilation, Facilitator Review, and Public Comment

The Team will take the findings from the previous tasks and develop a preliminary draft of the ap-
pendices as laid out in the Framework on pages 6-7.
A committee of citizens, facilitators, and Ozark Action, Inc. will be established to review the initial
draft of the feasibility study. The draft will be provided for 30 days of committee review and input,
with one conference call in that time.
The team will post a revised draft of the feasibility study chapters within 14 after the committee
review period.
The public shall have 30 days for review and input of the revised feasibility study appendix. The
draft shall be available on the internet as well as in at least one location in the region.

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The consulting team recommends dividing the planning process into three phases implemented over 8
months, from June 2010 to January 2011. Supplementary planning during the National Park Service and
public review period for a final revised and completed document can extend to March 2011.
~

FEE FOR FEASIBILITY STUDY SERVICES

To accomplish the scope of work outlined, Jeffrey L. Bruce & Company has determined a fee of $ 34,795.
This flat-rate fee includes all consultation time (approximately professional hours) as well as all out-of-
pocket expenses such as postage, telephone, photocopying, and printing. This does not include travel
expenses. The administration fee itemized below is for the management team to use for material costs
in preparation for planned meetings and general administration outlined above.

Phase I with no optional components:

Orientation $ 2,415
Civic Engagement Training $ 8,360
Our Area, Our Stories $ 5,000
Our Area, Our Place $ 2,320
Tying Place to Stories and Stories to Place $ 4.880
$ 22,795

Phase II with no optional components:

Crafting the Feasibility Study Chapters $ 8,480
Crafting the Feasibility Study Appendix $ 3.520
$ 12,000

FEE TOTAL $ 34,795

Administration Fee and Expense $ 5,000

Travel (Reimburseable)

Total $ 39,795

OPTIONAL COMPONENTS
Option A: Orientation Session with Ozark Action, Inc. - $3400
Option B: Media and Web Assistance - $1280
Option C: Additional Civic Engagement Training Sessions - $2760
Option D: Team Facilitated Discussion - Tying the landscape to stories. - $4560
Option E: Additional Thematic Development Session Facilitated by the Team - $4120
Option F: Team Facilitated Branding Exercise - $4120
Option G: Economic Sustainability of the Potential Heritage Area Program- $3400

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APPENDIX A: DEFINING IMPORTANT TERMS AND PLANNING TOOLS

Ih our planning work for Freedom's Frontier and in other regions, we have learned how important it is to
begin projects with an open discussion about the meaning of words and ideas associated with cultural
resource management and planning. While "interpretation," "education," "conservation," "preservation," ~
and "education" lie at the heart of the NPS mission, there are many ways to define these terms-and dif-
ferent disciplines apply them in different ways.

Recent enabling legislation for National Heritage Area management plans require them to:

"Provide appropriate linkages between units of the National Park System and communities, govern-
ments, and organizations within the Heritage Area .... "

The Plan Requirements listed in the Request for Proposals call for:

"a description of actions and commitments that Federal, State, Tribal, and local governments, private or-
ganizations, and citizens will take to protect, enhance, interpret, fund, manage, and develop the natural,
historical, cultural, educational, scenic, and recreational resources of the National Heritage Area."

How can the management planning process bring these broad mandates to life in an efficient and practi-
cal way? To do so is no small task.

We believe that it's essential to begin the planning process by building a shared understanding of goals
and the means to achieve them. A first step should be an open dialogue with Ozark Action, Inc., citizens,
agencies and the consulting team about such key ideas as "long-term economic development" and "en-
vironmental sustainability". These ideas are both means to an end and goals in themselves as we think
of the region over the next fifty years.

Public discussion about broad ideas is an appropriate opening to the planning process because, as a
National Heritage Area, this project is imbued with a call for grass-roots citizen engagement.

We are committed to this dialogue, and we offer the following definitions based on our own understanding
of the enabling legislation and our knowledge of the region. They are not intended as answers, but as the
beginning of a conversation that should continue throughout the planning process-from the refinement
of a Foundation Statement in Phase 1 to the completion of the management plan document.

"Action plan"
A plan that describes how to implement interpretation. It includes:
Priorities: a description of what actions what should happen first, next, and later.
Approach: a description of where and how the region's themes will be conveyed to visitors.
Evaluation strategy: a plan to assess effectiveness and adjust interpretive programming and ser-
vices.

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"Authenticity in Cultural Landscape Preservation"

In our work from Freedom's Frontier NHA, our team talked with residents a great deal about how they
".defined "authenticity" in historic preservation and in interpretive sites. The following is adapted from our
.~ work with them as presented in the final FFNHA report. We would work with Ozark Action, Inc. to develop
a similarly detailed, but perhaps different definition as suited to your needs.

Working definitions of "Authenticity" from Freedom's Frontier

[We] define "Authenticity" as experiences and settings that are accurate, clear, compelling,
and relevant to the region. Understanding authenticity can help you to select the ideal preser-
vation treatment approach for a landscape, building, or site.

Authentic and quality historic preservation requires a verifiable link to the region as a unique
Heritage Area with nationally significant stories.

Authenticity implies an original experience of being in a historic place with an engagement of

all the senses. Authenticity in stewarding a site or building means more than re-creating its ap-
pearance during the 19th century. An authentic historic preservation project must be truthful,
not just to the facts, but also to the place in which it is told, the people whose lives it recounts,
and the technologies available to them.

The following statements typify authentic and successful historic preservation efforts:

Offers a genuine, accurate, and verifiable link to the regional past.

Provides a direct connection to one or more of the NHA subthemes.
Engages the senses.
Helps to connect with the surrounding landscape and the natural resources that may have shaped
events.
Is located near to historic events and stories that are interpreted.
Contains several layers of time that may express how the building or site evolved over time with
different uses and residents.
Expresses the background and ethnicity of the groups who lived or worked there.

"Civic Engagement/Citizen Engagement"

As a philosophy, a discipline, and a practice, it can be viewed as a continuous, dynamic conversation with
the public on many levels that focuses on achieving an agreed-upon vision, builds a sense of place, and
welcomes and encourages diversity of opinions and backgrounds. It involves activities such as informing,
consulting with, engaging, collaborating with, and empowering residents and stakeholders in planning,
decision-making, and building relationships around a shared stewardship mission.

"Cultural Landscape"
A geographic area, including both the cultural and natural resources and the wildlife or domestic animals
therein, associated with an historic event, activity, or person, or exhibiting culture or aesthetic values.
There are four non-mutually exclusive types of cultural landscapes: historic sites, historic designed land-
scapes, historic vernacular landscapes, and ethnographic landscapes.

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"Foundational statements"
. The intellectual framework for interpretive plans. They are:
Significance statements: statements describing the national, state, or local significance of the
region.
Interpretive themes: themes that identify and organize the region's stories.
Audience: An analysis and descriptions of the ways audiences will experience a region.

"Interpretation"
The art of sharing with others the meaning and relevance of the world around us. For the Ozark region,
interpretation can be communication that reveals meanings and relationships of cultural and natural heri-
tage, usually through first-hand involvement with an object, artifact, landscape, or site.

Interpretation helps people to connect intellectually, emotionally, or spiritually with the ideas, principles,
beliefs, and values embodied in our world. Interpretation is based on facts and goes on to reveal what an
object, place, or event means and why it matters-why it is relevant to today.

Effective interpretation shares basic characteristics.

It is based on sound, objective scholarship.
It is presented within a thematic framework to provide focus and structure and to reinforce links
and connections.
It provides experiences that enhance audience connections to authentic natural and cultural re-
sources.
It is intellectually and physically accessible to people with various abilities, learning styles, and
levels of experience.
It is culturally sensitive, and explores topics from different points of view.
It makes people think.
It engages the senses, not just the mind.

"Interpretive Plan"
.A management document that outlines and guides decisions about a region's interpretive programming.
It is created through an interdisciplinary, collaborative process that is enhanced with active partner and
stakeholder participation, and takes place within a larger planning context, like a General Management
Plan, a Feasibility Study such as that for Ozark Action, Inc., or other overarching planning initiative.

An interpretive plan should evoke a strong "sense of place" (see our definition below), engender partner
buy-in, and motivate public support. It should identify compelling stories, and find practical and affordable
ways to convey them. In this way, a interpretive plan helps to guide managers, partners, and visitors to
rewarding interpretive experiences throughout a region.

There is no single template for an effective plan, but plans generally include components that are orga-
nized into: a) foundational elements, and b) action plan.

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"Management"
Specified actions, policies, strategies, taken to meet the goals and recommendations of the heritage
- area.

"Media"
Means, methods, devices, or instruments by which the interpretive message is presented to the public.

"Natural Resources"
Physical properties, materials, and on-going ecological processes that include but are not limited to air
and water atmospheric resources, marine and freshwater systems; geologic features and processes;
biological entities and systems; natural sound; day and night sky features and relationships; seasonal
and celestial fluctuations; and natural interactive processes.

"Resource Protection"
The act or process of preventing, eliminating, or reducing human-caused impacts to natural resources
and natural processes.

"Resources"
The people, materials, technologies, money, etc. required to implement the strategies or processes. The
costs of these resources are often depicted in the form of a budget.

"Sense of Place"
Sense of place is a widely used phrase that can mean different things to different people. Following the
writings of many geographers and historians, we define "sense of place as something more than scenic
beauty, or historic events, or landmark architecture.
-_
.........•

Sense of Place means the conscious awareness of how a region is unique.

For an Ozark National Heritage Area, "sense of place" is important because it can instill a sense of local
pride. It can inspire citizens to become involved and to stay involved in the organization and its outreach.
Sense of place is achieved for many reasons including: the region's natural history, social activism and
debate, open sky, and a long-term tradition of community involvement. Some historic sites and land-
scapes are valued for many reasons: for their natural history, how it shaped human history, its scenic
beauty today, and vitality of its social life. When people are aware of their uniqueness as natural and
social places, they have a stronger sense of place and they can begin to connect the strands of history
for themselves and others.

FEASIBILITY S T U D Y PRO P 0 S A L

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APPENDIX B: CONTRACT FOR PROFESSIONAL CONSULTINQ SERVICES

May 28,2010

Mr. Bryan Adcock

Executive Director
Ozark Action, Inc.
710 East Main
West Plains, Missouri 65775

REF: Feasibility Study for Ozark Action, Inc.

Contract for Professional Consulting Services

References to the term PRIME CONSULTANT shall herein this document refer to the firm of Jeffery L. Bruce &
Company, L.L.C. References to SUBCONSULTANT shall herein refer to Frank E. Martin.

1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Develop a National Heritage Area Feasibility Study for a 10- county area defined by the following counties; Howell,
Douglas, Ozark, Wright, Texas, Shannon, Dent, Ripley, Oregon, and Carter with the possible addition of Reynolds.
The scope of work shall define and administrate a process involving public participation, determination of contributing
national heritage themes, cultural heritage themes and natural landscape resources, refinement of a conceptual
heritage area map; conceptual resource plan, and prospective business plan for the envisioned Ozark Frontier
National Heritage area.

This project shall include a process for oversight and approval by the Ozark Action, Inc. (Ozark Action, Inc.)
steering committee on a phase by phase approach which shall be reviewed and approved by the Ozark Action, Inc.
committee. It shall be assumed that upon receiving approval from the steering committee the JBC team members
have met the requirements of the Ozark Action, Inc. committee and any requested revisions after approval shall be
considered additional services and subject to the provisions in paragraph 5 of this document.

For the purpose of this proposal and scope of work the JBC team will establish a basic scope of work with an
itemized listing of additional scope of work items which can be added to the basic scope as approved by the Ozark
Action, Inc. steering committee.

2. SCOPE OF SERVICES
The proposed basic scope of services is included as Scope of Services Exhibit ("Basic Scope"). In the performance
of its duties and responsibilities under this Agreement, PRIME CONSULTANT agrees to exercise the same degree
of care, skill and diligence in performance of the Services or Deliverables as that possessed and exercised by
similar professionals under similar circumstances. Any services beyond the Basic Scope of Services included
in Exhibit A shall be invoiced separately as Additional Services for which the PRIME CONSULTANT shall be
separately compensated in accordance with paragraphs herein. The Basic Scope of Services shall include delivery
of documents in format suitable for posting on Ozark Action, Inc. website and for reproduction/distribution.

3. COMPLETION TIME
We propose to complete the heritage area feasibility study by December 2010, provided there are no delays caused
by agencies which are not under the control of the Prime Consultant and conditioned upon the Owner performing
all of its obligations under this Agreement.

4. COMPENSATION
I PRIME CONSULTANT will provide professional services for this project in accordance with the scope of services
\~nd terms and conditions of contract listed in this Agreement on a Fixed Fee Basis as set forth below. If the project

F E A SIB LIT Y S T U D Y PRO P 0 S A L

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scope or timeline is changed by issues outside of the PRIME CONSULTANT's control, including Owner directed
issues, the PRIME CONSULTANT reserves the right to re-negotiate aspects of the agreement affected by that
.. change.

As part of this agreement the Owner shall not authorize the Prime Consultant to proceed with work unless the
funding for the phased work is in place.

Phase One (Tasks 1 through 5) $ 22,795

Phase Two (Tasks 1 through 2) $ 12,000
Administration Fee and Expense $ 5,000
Travel Expenses Reimburseable
Total $ 39,795

Please initial those options selected as part of the contract:

Option A: Orientation Session with Ozark Action, Inc. $3400 JJl-

Option B: Media and Web Assistance $1280
-1!-
Option C: Additional Civic Engagement Training Sessions $2760
~-
Option D: Team Facilitated Discussion - Tying the landscape to stories. $4560
--M-
Option E: Additional Thematic Development Session Facilitated by the Team $4120
-M-
___I1t_
Option F: Team Facilitated Branding Exercise $4120

~-.
Option G: Economic Sustainability of the Potential Heritage Area Program $3400
--&l-
The Owner shall make monthly partial payments to PRIME CONSULTANT for work completed to date as described
on invoices submitted by PRIME CONSULTANT.

Transportation, reasonable travel related expenses, photocopying, courier, and postage or other reasonable mode
of transmission of plans, and other writings or documents, and any and all other disbursements related to the
anticipated base services described herein shall be a part of the base fee for the project as identified above.

5. ADDITIONAL SERVICES
PRIME CONSULTANT may provide additional professional services to the extent properly licensed to do so in
addition to the Basic Scope of Services when requested and authorized by the Owner in writing including: services
beyond the approved base services as defined by each phase of work described in the scope of services exhibit;
services involving significant changes in the general scope of the project affecting its size or complexity, changes
in the project schedule, and revisions to previously accepted work. If the Consultant's duties, obligations and
responsibilities are materially changed after execution of this Contract, a scope and compensation basis shall be
negotiated with the Owner and approved in writing before the initiation of any additional work. A change in scope
may include the following:

A. Services beyond those described in Proposed Scope of Work.

B. Services requested by the Owner that change, modify or require rework of previously approved work.

Additional services will only be provided when the Owner and the PRIME CONSULTANT have agreed in writing to
Lump Sum Amounts or an hourly compensation basis for the specific tasks requested.

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6. SERVICE BY AND PAYMENTS TO OTHERS

Any work authorized by the Owner other than what is included in this Agreement, performed by other than the
PRIME CONSULTANT, in connection with the proposed scope of services, shall be paid for by the Owner direct to
the third party or parties, provided that such authorized work must be authorized in writing by the Owner. This shall
include necessary permits, licenses, advertising, and other special costs when required. Fees for such extra work
shall be subject to negotiation between the PRIME CONSULTANT, the Owner and the third party. Fees shall be
approved prior to the execution of any extra work.

7. TERMINATION
This Agreement may be terminated by either party upon Thirty (30) days prior written notice to the other party in
the event of substantial failure by the other party to fulfill its obligations under this Agreement through no fault of the
terminating party. It shall not be considered the fault of the Owner if, at some point, Ozark Action, Inc. is unable to
raise adequate funds to continue work under this agreement. The Steering Committee of Ozark Action, Inc. pledges
that it will use all reasonable efforts to acquire adequate funding well ahead of the payment schedule recommended
in this agreement. The Ozark Action, Inc. Steering Committee also understands that time is of the essence in
performing under this contract and will provide assurances on a monthly basis to the Prime Consultant relating to
any substantial exigency issues.

In the event of termination, as provided in this Article, PRIME CONSULTANT shall be paid as compensation in
full for services performed to the date of such termination. Such amount shall be paid by the Owner upon Prime
Consultant's delivering or otherwise making available to the Owner all data, reports, summaries, and such other
information and materials as may have been accumulated by the PRIME CONSULTANT in performing the services
included in this Agreement, whether completed or in progress. Owner agrees that the use or re-use of such materials
shall be at the Owner's sole risk and expense, and without any liability whatsoever to the PRIME CONSULTANT.

8. ASSIGNMENTS
This Agreement shall not be assignable except at the written consent of both parties hereto, and if so assigned shall
extend to and be binding upon the successors and assigns of the parties thereto.
9. CONFIDENTIALITY
The PRIME CONSULTANT agrees to maintain the confidentiality of information specifically designated as
confidential in writing by the Owner under this Agreement. PRIME CONSULTANT agrees to require of the PRIME
CONSULTANT's sub-consultants, if any, similar agreements to maintain the confidentiality of any information
specifically designated as confidential by the Owner.

10. OWNERSHIP OF WORK

The PRIME CONSULTANT shall be deemed the author and owner of the PRIME CONSULTANT's Instruments of
Service and shall retain all common law, statutory, and other reserved rights, including copyrights.

Upon execution of this Agreement, the PRIME CONSULTANT grants to the Owner a non-exclusive license to
reproduce the PRIME CONSULTANT's Instruments of Service for the purpose of administering, and maintaining the
Project. Any termination of this Agreement prior to completion of the Project without payment of services rendered
at time of termination shall terminate this license.

If the Owner has performed its obligations under this Agreement, the Owner shall have the non-exclusive license
to copy, use, modify, and distribute the Works described in this section for its own use, including use by its agents
or representatives, for purposes of the Project, but not for commercial resale to third parties without prior written
approval by PRIME CONSULTANT, subject to the terms of this Agreement..

Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, PRIME CONSULTANT shall retain its rights in pre
existing maps, databases, computer software, and other proprietary property, as well as its rights in other intellectual
property developed during the performance of the Services not specifically granted to the Owner herein. The
Owner's license, as set forth in this Agreement, shall not prohibit or limit the PRIME CONSULTANT from future use

FEASIBILITY S T U D Y PRO P 0 S A L

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of standard sections used in the Services and Deliverables produced by the PRIME CONSULTANT in the ordinary
course of its business.

»<>; 11. MEDIATION

The PRIME CONSULTANT and Owner shall endeavor to resolve claims, disputes and other matters in question
between them by mediation which, unless the parties mutually agree otherwise, shall be in accordance with the
American Arbitration Association currently in effect. Request for mediation shall be filed in writing with the other
party to this Agreement and with the American Arbitration Association.

12. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

Owner agrees to notify PRIME CONSULTANT promptly of any negligent error or omission claimed by the Owner
in writing. Upon receipt of such notice, PRIME CONSULTANT agrees, so long as the Owner is not in default of the
Owner's obligations, at no charge, to re-perform, or rework any Services or Deliverables which do not conform to
the requirements of this Agreement.

13. INDEMNITY
PRIME CONSULTANT agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Owner and its officers, agents and employees
from and against all suits, actions or claims of any character brought because of any bodily injury or personal
property damage received or sustained by any person, persons or property arising out of or resulting from a negligent
act, error or omission of PRIME CONSULTANT or employees, but only to the extent caused by that negligent act,
error or omission. PRIME CONSULTANT is not required hereunder to defend the Owner, its officers, agents, or
employees, or any of them from assertions that they were negligent, nor to indemnify and save them harmless from
liability based on Owner's negligence.
14. PRECEDENCE OF THIS AGREEMENT
, Additions and Amendments to this Agreement shall be made by written Amendments to this Agreement, of which the
Amendment shall become part. All provisions of this Agreement shall remain in force unless specifically modified
by written Amendment.

15. LIMITED SCOPE OF ENGAGEMENT

No duties, responsibilities, or liabilities of the PRIME CONSULTANT stated in any contract or conditions governing
the work of any third party to this agreement shall be binding upon the PRIME CONSULTANT, unless the PRIME
CONSULTANT shall consent in writing to be bound to the terms thereof.

16. ENVIRONMENTAL
PRIME CONSULTANT shall have no responsibility for the discovery, investigation, reporting, presence, abatement,
replacement, handling, storage, discharge or removal of, or exposure of persons or property or the environment to,
hazardous materials in any form at the Project, including, but not limited to, asbestos, asbestos products, PCB's, or
any other toxic, carcinogenic, pollutant or hazardous substances, contaminants or materials; and the Owner agrees
to indemnify and hold PRIME CONSULTANT, its agents, sub consultants, employees, and representatives, harmless
of and from any and all liability, damage, injury or loss, arising from the error or omission of the Owner, its agents,
contractors, subcontractors, its or their representatives or employees. Nothing in this indemnity shall be construed
to indemnify the PRIME CONSULTANT from PRIME CONSULTANT's own negligent errors or omissions.

17. RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE OWNER

The Owner shall:
a) Provide the PRIME CONSULTANT with the Owner's Criteria for this project;
b) Review any Documents provided by or through the PRIME CONSULTANT requiring the Owner's decision,
and shall make any required decisions in a timely manner;
c) Afford the PRIME CONSULTANT access to the HERITAGE AREA sites and to the Work as may be
reasonably necessary for the PRIME CONSULTANT to properly perform its services under this Contract;
and
d) Perform the Owner's duties set forth in a timely manner.

FEASIBILITY S T U 0 Y PRO P 0 S A· L

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 Page 643

18. NO THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARIES

··Nothing contained herein shall create any relationship, contractual or otherwise, with, or any rights in favor of, any
third party.

19. FORCE MAJEURE

Neither party hereto shall be liable for its failure to perform hereunder due to contingencies beyond its reasonable
control, including, but not limited to, strikes, riots, war, fire, and acts of God, not including normal weather
conditions.

20. SEVERABILITY
In case anyone or more of the provisions contained in this Agreement shall, for any reason, be held to be invalid,
illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other
provisions of this Agreement; this Agreement shall be construed as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision
had never been contained herein.

21. CHOICE OF LAW

The terms of this Agreement shall be interpreted and enforced pursuant to the laws of the State of Missouri.

22. EXHIBITS
The following Exhibits are attached to and made a part of this Agreement.
Proposed Work Plan
Proposed Scope of Work and Budget
Appendix A: DEFINING IMPORTANT TERMS AND PLANNING TOOLS

In witness whereof, Ozark Action, Inc. (Owner) and Jeffrey L. Bruce & Company, LLC (PRIME CONSULTANT),
and by their authorized representatives have hereunto subscribed their names to this agreement the th day
of May, 2010. /

Jeffery L. Bruce & Company, LLC. Ozark Action, Inc.

PRI CONSULTANT Committee (Owner)

By: B··~---- ~
y. --,/!k-o-.------------

Title: Managing Principal Title: Chair /G >r~~'H-~

Date: __ ~~/ ~~ _

ATTEST:

By: _

- /1)-
Title: --- ----~~

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Kathleen Morrissey

From: Mike McGrew [mmcgrew@jlbruce.comj

$ent: Tuesday, July 13, 20102:21 PM
): Kathleen Morrissey
uc: Richard Yates; Jeffrey Bruce
Subject: Training in West Plains \
Attachments: Feasibility Study-lntroduction.doc.pcf Heritage Tourism-Economic Development.pdf; Civic ~
Engagement questions.pdf; Hints for Great Civic Engagement.pdf

Kathleen,

Enclosed are the finalized documents, including the civic engagement questions. We will be providing the Post-it Notes for
everyone's use in the CE process. Please let me know if you need anything else.

Just to confirm, we are having a session at 2PM and a repeat session at 6PM. I would like to confirm whether we are
having a meeting on Thursday morning or not as I would like to schedule an overnight hotel room in the appropriate
location.

Please contact me if you have any questions or thoughts.

Thanks,

-Mike

Michael McGrew, President Prairie Gateway Chapter ASLA

Jeffrey L. Bruce & Company, LLC

1907 Swift Street, Suite 204
North Kansas City, Missouri 64116

Visit us at www.jlbruce.com
Find chapter news at www.pgasla.org

t: 816.842.8999 ext. 105

f: 816.842.8885

Confidentiality Notice: This message is confidential, intended only for the named recipient(s) or entity(ies) and may contain information that is privileged, confidential and
exempt from disclosure under applicable law. If you are not the intended recipient(s), you are hereby notified that the dissemination, distribution or copying of this message is
strictly prohibited, and you are requested to notify us immediately by email or by calling Jeffrey l. Bruce & Company at 816.842.8999, and delete this message forthwith. Thank
you for your cooperation. .

1
 Page 666

Kathleen Morrissey

From: Mike McGrew [mmcgrew@jlbruce.com]

Sent: Friday, June 04, 2010 11:55 AM
~~. Morrissey, Kathleen F; Kathleen Morrissey
Jeffrey Bruce; Richard Yates
.oject: Confirmation of Contract and Kick-off Meeting .

Kathleen,

I wanted to inform you that we received the signed contract yesterday. I also wanted to confirm that we will be available
for a kick-off meeting in West Plains on the afternoon of the is" and the morning of the is". Please let us know if you
need anything else.

Thanks,

-Mike

Michael McGrew, President Prairie Gateway Chapter ASLA

Jeffrey L. Bruce & Company, LLC

1907 Swift Street, Suite 204
North Kansas City, Missouri 64116

Visit us at www.jlbruce.com
Find chapter news at www.pgasla.org

t: 816.842.8999 ext. 105

f: 816.842.8885

Confidentiality Notice: This message is confidential, intended only for the named recipient(s) or entity(ies) and may contain information that is privileged, confidential and
exempt from disclosure under applicable law. If you are not the intended recipient(s), you are hereby notified that the dissemination, distribution or copying of this message is
strictly prohibited, and you are requested to notify us immediately by email or by calling Jeffrey L. Bruce & Company at 816.842.8999, and delete this message forthwith. Thank
you for your cooperation.

1
Page 667
 Page 668

Kathleen Morrissey

From: Jeffrey L. Bruce & Company [mshuster@jlbruce.com]

Sent: Wednesday, October 20,20104:17 PM
To: kmorrissey@oaiwp.org
~ject:
\
"Fall" Into Landscape Architecture!

1
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2
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3
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Forward email
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What is a National Heritage Area Feasibility

Stud?

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Page 675
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Page 698
 Page 699

MACAA 2010 Retreat Speakers' Biographies

Our Presenters

Randy Gray is the President of Special Place Development ~.

The consulting firm develops creative approaches to distinguish places by enhancing
their authentic features to make them attractive for economic development and as a
special place for residents and visitors.

Mr. Gray's twenty-three (23) years of experience includes providing assistance in

Missouri, New Mexico, Ohio, Kentucky, Arkansas, Illinois, Kansas and Florida to
more than 400 public and nonprofit entities in community planning, heritage tourism,
downtown revitalization, public art, fund raising, historic preservation, organizational
capacity building and economic development strategies and activities. Clients include
city governments, downtown development programs, chambers of commerce, main
street programs, neighborhood and not-for-profit organizations, and state and local development groups.

Mr. Gray has been a guest lecturer in Place Making in Community Design at the University of Missouri and
Legal & Economic Principles of Historic Preservation at Southeast Missouri State University. In April 2008,
Randy was appointed to the Columbia Downtown leadership Council and chairs their design guidelines
subcommittee. For six years he was the volunteer chairperson of the Columbia Public Art Committee, served
the longest consecutive term on the City of Columbia Cultural Affairs Commission and is a member of the
Columbia Art league and Columbia Committee for the Advancement of the Arts. Randy was a member of the
"Avenue of the Columns" development committee and the City of Columbia Community Development
'";ommission. In 2007, he co-led a series of eight Downtown Vision Institutes as part of the Missouri DREAM
.Oowntown Revitalization and Economic Assistance for Missouri) Initiative.
~
Mr. Gray served as the state coordinator for the Missouri Main Street Program for twelve (12) years and also
held positions with the Neighborhood Assistance Program and Community Development Block Grant (CDBG)
program while at the Missouri Department of Economic Development. Prior to employment with the Missouri
Department of Economic Development, Randy worked as a Community Development Specialist with the Mark
Twain Regional Council of Governments. He earned a B.A. in History/Political Science from Culver-8tockton
College.

Sue Greenberg, Executive Director, St. Louis Volunteer Lawyers and

Accountants for the Arts, St. Louis, MO

Sue has been with VlAA since 1986. During the summer, she is the company manager at The Muny. Sue
teaches stage management and arts administration at Washington University and legal issues in the arts for
Webster University's Arts leadership graduate program. Also a freelance writer and playwright, her numerous
plays for children have been produced in Missouri, California, Indiana and South Carolina. She is a graduate of
Washington University where she majored in Arts History and Urban Studies.
 Page 700

Central MO. Ozarks Development Project Implementation Plan:

ARRA- FY '09

J. Folklorist & Director will work to insure all content is created and delivered
on time. (Content delivered.) (November, 2009 and ongoing.)
 Page 701

Ozark Action, Inc. t .

710 East Main Street·
West Plains, Missouri 65775-0588
Phone: (417) 256-6147· Fax: (417) 256-0333
Mo. Relay: 800-735-2966 (TDD) 800-735-2466 (voice)
OACiiOn.
PARTNERSHIP
HttpJlwww.oaiwp.org Helping People. Changing Lives.

THE OZARK:SHERITAGE PROJECT: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION

The Ozarks Heritage Project, initiated in December 2009, represents a collaboration between the
West Plains Council on the Arts (WPCA), Ozark Action, Inc. (OAl), a community action agency
(both WPCA and OAI are 501 (c)3 entities) and Missouri State University - West Plains. This
collaborative venture unites WPCA's long-term commitment to the sustainability of regional folk
culture with OArs objectives of fostering economic opportunity, environmental sustainability, and
improving the quality of life within our region. The university strives to further a mutually beneficial
relationship between the world of higher education and the cultural region it serves. The areas
served by these three entities overlap to a great extent; the Ozarks Heritage Project in particular
addresses Ripley, Oregon, Carter, Shannon, Dent, Texas, Howell, Wright, Douglas, Reynolds,
Wayne, Iron and Ozark counties in southern Missouri.

The Ozarks Heritage Project is funded with federal American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
(ARRA) funds received from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) provided
by the Missouri Department of Social Services, Family Support Division. The funds received from
the Family Support Division are all federally funded. Additionally, WPCA has received ARRA
funding with an "Arts Transform Missouri" grant from the Missouri Arts Council, funded by the
National Endowment for the Arts. Missouri State University-West Plains is collaborating by
providing access to university personnel to fill key positions.

The Ozarks Heritage Project's official implementation plan calls for the accomplishment of three
specific goals over the course of the funding period. One is the initiation of a feasibility study
regarding options for linking cultural conservation with economic opportunity in our region. One
option being considered is the attainment of a National Heritage Area designation that incorporates
the counties in our project area. This feasibility study will represent a major step forward in a
process started more than five years ago by WPCA with funding from the National Endowment for
the Arts. A second goal is the development of a website that will serve as a comprehensive source
of information about artistic activity, cultural resources, and cultural tourism opportunities within
our region. There are, of course, many online sources of information about these subjects, but there
is no single website that presents this knowledge in a systematic, integrated way; consequently, our
cultural region's ''Web presence" is fragmented. We hope to remedy this situation by creating a
website that will give potential visitors (and potential purchasers of cultural products from this
region) a more comprehensive understanding of what the region has to offer. In doing so, we will
look to the web sites of existing National Heritage Areas, cultural trails, and regional tourism
programs as potential models. The third goal is to develop and begin implementing strategies for
marketing the work of regional traditional artists and promoting the region as a potential destination
for cultural tourists, and culturally engaged prospective retirees, especially those of the "Baby
Boom" generation.
 Page 702

WEST PLAINS, Mo. - "Telling Stories" is the theme of the fourth annual Ozarks Studies
Symposium set for Sept. 23-26 at the West Plains Civic Center.
The event will celebrate and examine the distinctive culture of the Ozarks. It will encompass

presentations and performances by representatives of the academic world and the public and private

sectors addressing various aspects of life in the Ozarks. It is being sponsored by the Missouri State

University-West Plains academic affairs office and the West Plains Council on the Arts. The event is

made possible with generous funding from the Missouri Arts Council, a state agency; the Missouri

Humanities Council; and the National Endowment for the Humanities. Admission is free and open

to all.

Leigh Adams, assistant professor of English at Missouri State-West Plains and one of the event

organizers, said this year's theme was chosen for several reasons. "First, we knew 'Journey Stories,'
the Smithsonian/Museum on Main Street exhibit, would be here at the Harlin Museum during this

year's symposium, and we wanted to support that because it connects with what we try to do with

the symposium," she explained. "But we also chose the theme because it also could be interpreted

as 'stories that tell' - stories the reveal who we are and what we are as a culture. The variety of

presentations scheduled reveals this was a good theme for this year's event."

The symposium will begin with an opening reception from 5 to 7 p.m. Thursday, Sept. 23, at the

Harlin Museum, 505 Worcester St. Sponsored by the West Plains Council on the Arts, the reception

will give those attending the opportunity to view the "Journey Stories" exhibit. A jam session will

take place at the museum beginning at 7. The jam session will emphasize old-time, bluegrass, and

traditional country music, but musicians of any stylistic orientation and any level of technical ability
will be welcome to participate.

The keynote address will be given at 3:50 p.m. Friday, Sept. 24, by Bonnie Stepenoff, professor of
history at Southeast Missouri State University in Cape Girardeau. Her presentation is entitled

"History and Story: Big Spring Autumn." Stepenoff believes that the elements of a good story are
the same in history and in fiction, although historical accounts have to be factually true. She will

discuss how, in writing history, authors often discover truths about themselves, as she did while

writing about Depression Era workers at Big Spring in the eastern Missouri Ozarks. Stepenoff is a

specialist in American social history, women's history and labor history, and is the author of five

books, including Big SpringAutumn: A Journal (Truman State University Press, 2008).

Several other scheduled presentations may be of particular interest to area residents, Adams said.
I
They include the following:
 Page 703

• "How Forrestina Campbell Became White River Red" by Susan Young, outreach coordinator at
Shiloh Museum of Ozark History in Springdale, Ark., from 10:25 to 11 a.m. Friday, Sept. 24.

Forrestina Campbell was born in Louisiana in 1891, grew up in Hannibal, Mo., and spent most of
her adult life in northwest Arkansas, where she died in 1973. But who she was depended on who

was telling her story, according to Young. Campbell was known as a generous woman with

mysterious wealth who took a special interest in stray animals and forgotten people, as well as the

carnival worker White River Red who cussed a blue streak, dressed like a man and carried a .45

caliber pistol on her hip. The presentation will explore both the folklore and the facts of her story.

• "Stories Through Pictures: Showing Religious Communities' Commonalities Through

Photographs" by Mara W. Cohen Ioannides, an instructor in the English Department at Missouri

State University-Springfield, from 12:20 to 12:55 p.m. Friday, Sept. 24. The presentation will

examine the impact of the Seeing Traditions photography exhibition, which was displayed in the Meyer

Library on the Springfield campus for three months, on its viewers. The exhibit, part of the Telling

Traditions Project funded in part by the Missouri Arts Council Folk Arts Program, is designed to
document the legacy and preserve the living traditions of the Ozarks' Jews. The presentation
examines the most commented-on images in the exhibition, seen with a PowerPoint presentation;

what was said about them; and what exhibition visitors learned about Jews in the Ozarks and

themselves. Adams pointed out a companion exhibit can be seen on the civic center mezzanine

from Sept. 20 through Oct. 3.

• A panel discussion en tided "A Century of Change in South-Central Missouri Agriculture" from

2 to 3 p.m. Friday, Sept. 24. It will focus on major transformations in agriculture in this region in

the past 100 years and their social and economic effects.

• "The Amazing Story of the 1912 Ozark Dawg Song War, with an Account Ranging from Local

Skirmishes to Global Conflict" by Dr. Sue Attalla, associate professor of English/ developmental

studies at Tulsa Community College, Tulsa, Okla., from 9 to 9:35 a.m. Saturday, Sept. 25. The

presentation will take a look at the 1912 hit song "They Gotta Quit Kickin' My Dawg Aroun'," a

silly ditty recounting the tale of a "hillbilly" and his houn' dawg abused by "townies," that sparked a
statewide, national and international debate over its true origins.

• "Legends of Our Hillbilly Selves: Outlaw Mistique in Daniel Woodrell's Give Us a Kiss by Dr.
Craig Albin, professor of English at Missouri State-West Plains, from 9:35 to 10:10 a.m. Saturday,

Sept. 25. In this examination ofWoodrell's 1996 "country noir" novel, Albin will examine the way

the book's narrator, Doyle Redmond, negotiates between his public self as a writer and his private
 Page 704

self as a member of a clan of Ozarks outlaws. The presentation also will examine how Redmond's

narrative reveals the power and influence of storytelling in outlaw psychology and focus on the way
~,

certain family stories, or their interpretation, lead to Redmond's deterministic sense of fate and his

willingness to become that fate.

• "Not So Plain Pictures" by Jan Roddy, associate professor in the Department of Cinema and

Photography at Southern illinois University-Carbondale, from 3:30 to 4:05 p.m. Saturday, Sept. 25.
Combining short poetic prose pieces and visual images, Roddy will show several short digital

cinema/video pieces to weave a sense of people and place relative to the Ozark region. The title

derives from a saying of Roddy's aunts that a particular photograph was "a plain picture," meaning

one could clearly see the people and place in the image.

Additional presentations include the following:

"Justice Justin Ruark and the Ozark Image in Law" by Dr. Michael Dougan, Professor Emeritus
of History, Arkansas State University in Jonesboro (Friday, 9:10AM); "Sharing a Glass: Moonshine

and Community in the Ouachita Mountains" by J. Brett Adams, Professor of History, Collin

College-Preston Ridge Campus (Friday, 9:50 AM); "Beyond Tourist Poetry: Learning How to Live,

Write, and Teach in the Missouri Ozarks" by Dr. Jane Hoogesttaat, Professor of English, Missouri

State University in Springfield (Friday, 11:10 AM); "A Reading from Rocky Comfort' by Wayne

Holmes, author and Professor Emeritus of English, Drury University (Friday, 11 :45 AM); ''Buried

Histories: Telling Tales from the Grave" by Dawn Stricklin, doctoral student in anthropology,

Southern illinois University at Carbondale (Friday, 3:00 PM);

"Migration from the Missouri Ozarks to the Gateway City and Its Impact upon American Roots

Music" by Matt Meacham, folklorist, West Plains Council on the Arts and Ozark Action, Inc.

(Saturday, 10:10 AM); ''Ballad Genres ill the Ozarks" by Julie Henigan, folklorist and cultural

scholar, Springfield, MO (Saturday, 11:00 AM); "Deconsttucting Evangelicalism: The Postmodern

Turn, the Emerging Church, and the Ozarks" by Matthew Gallion, student in religious studies,

Missouri State University in Springfield (Saturday, 11:35 AM); a panel discussion entitled "The

Storyteller's Craft and the Regional Historian's Craft" (Saturday, 1:45 PM); ''Winter/Spring
Precipitation in Northern Arkansas and the Risk of Decreasing Reptilian biodiversity by Rapid

Reservoir Inundation: A Classic Story of the Eastern Collared Lizard, Crotaplytus collans" by Stan

Trauth, Professor of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University in Jonesboro (Saturday, 2:55

PM).
Three of this year's presenters, Albin, Roddy, and Hoogesttaat, also have had pieces published in

--- ------------------------------------~-------------------
-------------------------------- ---

Page 705

the university's literary journal Elder Mountain: A Journal oJOzarks Studies, Adams pointed out. The
symposium served as inspiration for the journal and helps to preserve some of the information

presented at the symposium each year, she explained.

Missouri State-West Plains published the first volume of the journal in spring 2009 and the

second volume this past summer. Copies of both will be available for purchase for $10 each at the

symposium, as well as at Drago College Store on the Missouri State-West Plains campus, she added.
The symposium will conclude with an "informance" (a performance with contextual commentary)

entitled "The Many Sides of Shape Notes" from 4:30 to 6 p.m. Saturday, Sept. 25. The presentation

will encompass various branches of and styles within the tradition of shape-note singing. "The

Many Sides of Shape-Notes" is funded by a generous grant awarded to the West Plains Council on

the Arts by the Missouri Folk Arts Program.

For more information about the symposium, including a full schedule of events, visit the website,

http://ozarksymposium.wp.missouristate.edu/, or search Facebook for "Ozarks Studies

Symposium."

lIeff lutitf· .l1utI~.(!luill
7th year No. 184
~~~ts
b:Ol~llt~:l~~O~-·;;:;"lS-;::Z,·
idmg March 1" 2010, city's general fund rev-
nd the .city has a suf- enue was $11. 9 million
clent reserv~ bal~ce
bout $5 million m the
of
e~~~~ f~~~, the report
.uditor Andy Marmouget
f Davis Lynn and Moots
.f Springfield presented to
ouncil members In a city
neeUng Monday at city,
iall, 1910 Holiday Lane.
Council members. Lou
;itro, Jack Pahlmann,
30b Burtrum, Brenda
Srnlth and Mayor Joe
Paul Evans were present.
Information sought
on theft of park signs .
West Plains Parks Di-
rector Stuart Tapson re-
ports two signs along the
Galloway 'Creek Nature
Park walking' trail were
.stolen over the weekend
and asks that they be
returned,
The 'park is on County
Road 1770. north of city
hall.
City Public Information
Officer Laurel Thompson
said several Eagle Scout
projects tdentlfytng the
Boy Scout who did the
project and what it dealt
with have been destroyed
or stolen.
He said there also have
been break-Ins
barn on the pr ' (
r' ''1e
'J
Lg
wooden doors
WEST PLAINS, HOWELL COUNTY, MO. TUESDAY,'SEPTEMBER 21: 2010
;:::,;;:ne;.":tc;;:"·
at the end of the fiscal".
year down
$250 000 r:';';,'Y\t,~"'"'::';;''':;,i,,''',','}'!'?,'''
frorr: 2009. The year~end
balance was $5.3 million. .,'
The overall tax revenue
was down $650,000, the
majority of that from the
city's sales taxes. he said.
With expenditures.' this
left a balance of $5.3 mil-
lion. , formances by representatives of the academic world
Total net assets for'
See AUDITOR.Page 7
replaced with steel doors,
He said the' city Is
constdertng 'installing
additional lighting In the
parking lot area. install-
ing an alarm system and
Increasing police patrols.
Tapson asks that any-
one having information'
about the signs or seeing
anyone tampering with
signs call the police de-
partment at 256-2244.
Sept. 13. The' Quill'
reported three stop signs two led the younger children in the parade. This
had been stolen' from Is the 50th year for the event. For more photos,
Intersections In the city, see Pg~7. Quill online subscribers can click on
Street Department Super-""
visor Brian Mitchell said
anyone with Information side)
is asked to call police or
city hall. 256-7176.
Page 706
Single Co y 50¢
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"Telling Stories" is the theme of the fourth annual'
Ozarks Studies Symposium set for Thursday evening
and all day Friday and Saturday at the West Plains
Civic Center. ' ,
It will celebrate and examine the distinctive culture
of the Ozarks and encompass presentations and per-
and the public and private sectors addressing various
,aspects of life In the Ozarks, Admission Is free. '
'It is sponsored by the Missouri State Untversrty-
West Plains IMSU-WP}academic affairs office and the
West Plains Council on the Arts, and made possible by
funding from the Missouri Arts Council. the Missouri
Humanities Council and the National Endowment for
the Humanities.
, Leigh Adams, assistant professor of English at
MSU-WP and one of the event organizers, said of the
theme: "First, we knew 'Journey Stories,' the Smith-
sonian/Museum on Main Street exhibit. would be at
the Harlin Museum and we wanted to support that
because It connects with what we try to do with the
symposium. But we also chose the theme, because It
could be Interpreted as 'stories that tell' - stories that
reveal who we are and what we are as a culture."
The opening reception Is set for 5 to 7 p.rn, Thursday
at the Harlin Museum. 505 Worcester St. Sponsored
by the Council on the Arts, ItwUI Include a jam sese
SARA COLLINS, 3, top photo, curtsied and ston beginning at 7. emphastztng old-time, bluegrass
showed everyone her bloomers during the cos- and traditional country music, all musicians invited
tume parade at Hootln' ~N' Hollarln' this past to participate.
weekend in Gainesville in Ozark County. She Is The keynote address, "History and Story: Big Spring
the daughter of Lois Clayton, right, and Shane Autumn.' will be given at 3:50p.m. Friday by Bonnie
.conms. In bottom photo are festival queen Darlan Stepenoff, professor of history at Southeast Missouri
Amlx, right, and princess Hannah Childress. The State University In Cape Girardeau. Stepenoffbel1eves
See SYMPOSIUM.Page 5
' (0 111!Whlt
video to see some of the events. u e-
WEATHER' INSIDE
,":WednesdaY.·~ :Amusements ..;;;.,..-.;.;:,4 "
WS,' cityadministn Atiemoon , ,0 :, . ",Night'':'' '.Classifleds .c.... :.... ;... ;.; 6
'-"':,":<:,~'," . ,.; _
.. ....
I:
 Page 707

Tuesday; September 21, 2010 WEST PLAINS DAILY QUILL, WEST PLAINS, MO.

.S'fMPOSIUM---- -Coniinued frotti Page 1 -Lette

"- are the same in his- Adams, professor of history, Collin
that the elements of a good story College-Preston
To the ed
Ifyou ~
tory and in fiction, although historical accounts have Ridge Campus; 9:50 a.m. Friday; "Beyond Tourist resident, youn
to be factually true. She will discuss how, in writing Poetry: Learning How to Live, Write and Teach in the
aware of the 1
history, authors often discover truths about them- Missouri Ozarks" by.Dr. Jane Hoogestraat, professor
November. Eve
selves, as she did while writing about Depression Era of English, MSU-Sprtngfield, 11: 10 a.m. Friday; .
workers at Big Spring in the eastern Missouri Ozarks. "AReading from "Rocky Comfort" by Wayne Holmes, don't think 3
Other scheduled presentations include: author and Professor Emeritus of English, Drury Urn- counts... you
- "How Forrestina Campbell Became White River versity, 11 :45 a.m. Friday; "Buried Histories: Telling get out. and vc
Red" by Susan Young, outreach coordinator at Shiloh Tales from the Grave" by Dawn Stricklin, doctoral Proposition B.
Museum of Ozark History in Springdale, Ark., from student in anthropology, Southern illinois University directly affect 3
10:25 to 11 a.m. Friday. Forrestina Campbell was at Carbondale. 3 p.m. Friday; been funded
born in Louisiana in 1891. grew up in Hannibal, Mo., "Migration from the Missouri Ozarks to the Gate- $1. 7 million fr:
and spent most of her adult life in northwest Arkan- way City and Its Impact upon American Roots Music"
state animal rt
sas, where she died in 1973. by Matt Meacham, folklorist, West Plains Council on
- "Stories Through Pictures: Showing Religious the Arts and Ozark Action, Inc., 10: 10 a.m, Satur- ists. What's rea
Communities' Commonalities Through Photographs" day; "Ballad Genres in the Ozarks" by Julie Henigan, Animal Right~
by Mara W. Cohen Ioannides, 'an instructor .in the folklorist and cultural scholar, Springfield, 11 a.m. from other sic
English Department at MSU-Springfield, from 12:20 Saturday; you what you
to 12:55 p.m. Friday. The presentation will examine "Deconstructmg Evangelicalism: The Postmodeni cannot do With
.the impact of the "Seeing Traditions" photo exhibi- Turn, the Emerging Church, and the Ozarks" by souri animals!
tion, which was in the Meyer Library on the Spring- Matthew Gallion, student in religious studies, MSU- in the ballot
field campus for three months. The exhibit, part of Springfield, 11:35 a.m. Saturday; a panel discussion,
to help get rtc
the Telling Traditions Project funded in part by the "The Storyteller's Craft and the Regional Historian's
Missouri Arts Council Folk Arts Program, is designed Craft," 1:45 p.m. Saturday; "Winter / Spring Preciprta- mills in Misso
to document the legacy and preserve the living tradi- tion in Northern Arkansas and the Risk of Decreasing guise to' get
tions of the Ozarks' Jews. Adams said a companion Reptilian Diodiversity by Rapid Reservoir Inunda- It will chang'
exhibit can be seen through Oct, 3 at the civic center. tion: A Classic Story of the Eastern Collared Lizard, laws that ha
- A panel discussion, "A Century of Change in Crotaphytus Collarts" by Stan Trauth, professor of very well for y.
South-Central Missouri Agriculture," from 2 to 3 p.m. Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University in put most.all ol
Friday. It will focus on major transformations in agn- Jonesboro, 2:55 p.m. Saturday. professior
culture in this region in the past 100 years and their Albin, Roddy and Hoogestraat, have had pieces
(licensed
social and economic effects. published in the university's literary journal "Elder
and the S1-c.-/·
- "The Amazmg Story of the 1912 Ozark Dawg Song Mountain: A Journal of Ozarks Studies:" The sympo-
War, With an Account Ranging from Locai Skirmishes srum serves as inspiration for the journal and helps and show br
to Global Conflict" by Dr. Sue Attalla, associate to preserve some of the information presented at the of business
professor of English/developmental studies at Tulsa symposium each year, Adams said. Copies of both multiple dog
Community College, Tulsa, Okla., from 9 to 9:35 a.m. volumes will be available for purchase for $10 each. spay and new
.Saturday. It will take a look at the 1912 hit song "They The symposium will conclude With an "informance" dogs. It will de
Gotta Quit Kickin' My Dawg Aroun'," a ditty recount- (a performance with contextual commentary) titled to stop anima
mg the tale of a "hillbilly" and his houn' dawg abused "The Many Sides of Shape Notes" from 4:30 to 6 p.m. substandard 1;
by "townies," that sparked a statewide, national and Saturday.
irresponsible
international debate over its true origins. Visit http.,' /ozarksymposium.wp.missouristate.
- "Legends of Our Hillbilly Selves: Outlaw Mistique edu or search Facebook for "Ozarks Studies Sympo- ers that let
m Daniel Woodrell's "Give Us a Kiss" by Dr. Craig srum." . have litter af
Albin, professor of English at MSU-WP, from 9:35 to unwanted pu
10:10 a.m. Saturday. In this View ofWoodrell's 1996 law will not h
"country noir" novel, Albin will, examine the way the cal shelter. E
book's narrator, Doyle Redmond,' negotiates between your local she
his public self as a writer and his private self as a funded by tl
member of a clan of Ozarks outlaws.
Society of 1
- "Not So Plain Pictures" by Jan Roddy, associate
professor in the Department of Cinema and Photogra- States (H5US:
phy at Southern illinois University-Carbondale, from pet industry
3:30 to 4:05 p.m, Saturday. Combining short poetic $3.4 billion
prose pieces and Visual images, Roddy will show sev- Missouri's e-
eral short digital cinema/Video pieces to weave a will not only
sense of people and place relative to the Ozark region. owners. It is t
to eliminate ;
ADDITIONAL PRESENTATIONS
animal owne
"Justice Justin Ruark and the Ozark Image in :will tell it wi
Law" by Dr. Michael Dougan, Professor Emeritus farmers or c
of History, Arkansas State University in Jonesboro, Hog W,
9: 10 a.m. Friday; "Sharing a Glass: Moonshine and A TOTAL OF $170,000 .has been donated by birds,
Community in the Ouachita Mountains" by J. Brett sheep, ),.5""
seven area banks to the Ozarks Medical cen-
.~!"~ae.it ••1 Can:tp"Jqr".,~hi£b...b~ll~fiY; t!'lce .ne~ hamsters ar
 Page 708

Proposal for Presentation of Heritage Project to Community Arts

Conference, St. Louis
The West Plains Council on the Arts (WPCA) has long been privileged to serve the south-central
Missouri Ozarks, whose long history of involvement in traditional arts, music and culture has been
called one of Missouri's hidden treasures. It is also a region characterized by poverty, high levels of
unemployment and inadequate available income. Much of our mission over the past 20 years
including the annual Old-Time Music Ozark Heritage Festival has been devoted to bringing cultural
treasures to light. Ozark Action, Inc. is a Community Action Agency which operates federal and
state funded social action programs in a six-county region and is dedicated to combating the causes
of poverty through education, job training, and other social action programs.

Over the past ten years, WPCA's focus has sharpened, now seeking ways to develop a broader, more
permanent basis for the sustainability of folk culture in our region. Likewise, changing times and
circumstances have moved Ozark Action, Inc. to search more creatively for ways to improve the
quality of life of area citizens. Recognizing that support of traditional arts and culture might also
address the problems created by pervasive poverty, Ozark Action, Inc. sought the support of WPCA
to investigate the link between cultural sustainability and economic development.

In fall of 2009, Ozark Action, Inc. in partnership with the WPCA designed and implemented a
project to determine whether cultural conservation can serve as a basis for economic development
~, and economic development might provide an incentive for ongoing cultural conservation. Funded
by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), this project, called the Central Ozarks
Development Project (CODP) will continue at least through September 2010, and has been charged
to achieve some important goals. Specifically, over the next ten months we will complete a
feasibility study toward the attainment of a National Heritage Area designation and a Missouri
Ozarks Cultural Center for our region. Another goal is the development of a comprehensive
website to provide information about artistic activity, cultural resources, and cultural tourism
opportunities within our region.* The third goal is to develop and implement strategies to market
the work of regional traditional artists and promote the region as a potential destination for cultural
tourism. We hope to also attract culturally engaged prospective retirees of the "Baby Boom"
generation.

Reporting on the progress of the Central Ozarks Development Project are Kathleen Morrissey,
project director for the CODP and Matt Meacham, CODP folklorist Morrissey is WPCA president
and Meacham is also that agency's folklorist. They will discuss our approach to regional cultural
sustainability, report on the progress of this project, and offer thoughts on the natural symbiosis
between cultural conservation and economic development. We will invite our fellow participants to
contribute insights based on their own experiences, especially regarding the perennial question of
how to market traditional art and promote it as a basis for economic development without
fundamentally altering its character or the social contexts from which it emerges.
 Page 709

*There are, of course, 1nany online sources of information about artistic activity, cultural resources,
and cultural tourism opportunities, but there is no single website that presents this knowledge in a
systematic, integrated way; consequently, our region's "cultural presence" on the Web is fragmented.
We hope to remedy this situation by creating a website that will give potential visitors (and potential
purchasers of cultural products from this region) a more comprehensive understanding of what the
region has to offer.
 Page 710

Kathleen Morrissey

From: Meacham, Matthew W [MatthewMeacham@MissouriState.edu]

Sent: Thursday, April 29, 2010 7:25 PM
0: Morrissey, Kathleen F; kmorrissey@oaiwp.org
~I)ject: An attempt at what you requested

Kathleen,

Below is an attempt at what you asked me to write. I don't know whether it's exactly what you were looking for,
and I'm afraid it isn't especially good, in any case, but maybe it will suffice for present purposes (?). If you'd like me
to add or change anything, just let me know.

Thanks,
Matt

Traditional artistic activity in the Ozarks of south-central and southeast Missouri reflects various aspects of the
region's historical geography, including its settlement patterns, residents' relationship with their natural
environment, and the region's relative geographic isolation and its economic implications.

The phase of the region's settlement history that has had the most prevalent influence upon traditional artistic
activity here is the extension of the pattern of Anglo/Celtic-American migration that largely defined the Upland
South into the Missouri Ozarks in the first half of the 19th century. Many of the region's vernacular artistic
traditions belong decidedly to the Upland South. These include the tradition of string music that encompasses what
is now described as "old-time" music, as well as the more recent musical genres of bluegrass and traditions country
music; the music of Evangelical Protestant church traditions, including Southern gospel, country gospel, and the
-<oraditions of white spirituals and folk hymnody that predate gospel music; square dance and jig dance traditions; a
de variety of material arts and crafts, ranging from furniture making to basketry to quilting; rural Upland Southern
.oodways; and verbal art and oral literature of various kinds. Other ethnic communities that have settled in this
region throughout its history have also made their marks upon the artistic traditions already mentioned and
contributed some of their own. These include the Cherokee, Osage, and other Native American communities,
African-Americans, the French Colonial legacy, German-Americans, and a variety of more recent immigrant
populations.

Many of the folk artistic traditions found here reflect residents' knowledge and use of the region's natural
resources. This region is known for its handmade turkey call traditions, as well as gardening (including heirloom
seeds), independent farming, hunting, and preparation of locally produced or obtained foods. Some of the region's
artistic traditions that are closely linked to the natural world serve to distinguish the culture of this region within that
of the Upland South as a whole. These include the traditions of johnboat building, paddle making, fish gigging, and
archery fishing that developed from residents' efforts to make the most of the region's streams and rivers, including
the Current, the Jacks Fork, the Eleven Point, and the North Fork of the White.

In many instances, skills and activities that we now describe as traditional arts developed not for artistic reasons
but for entirely practical ones: quilting, gardening, hunting, training of mules and horses, boat building,
blacksmithing - the list could go on. They have been conserved and sustained here to a greater extent than in many
other regions of the country for various reasons, one of the foremost being the region's relative geographic isolation
throughout much of its history. This comparative isolation limited the degree to which external influences could
make an impact upon the culture of this region, and it also limited the quantities and kinds of goods and services
~ailable here, rendering many traditional crafts practical necessities here even after they had been replaced by other
hnologies and methods in many other places. Though the economy here has become much more diversified
th
.ice the mid-20 century, many such components of the region's folklife are still conserved and valued because of
their cultural significance, and aesthetics have overtaken functionality as the primary motivation for ongoing activity
1
 Page 711

within many of these traditions (though many of their practitioners will hasten to point out the functional worth of
their products and practical advantages that they offer over mass-produced, commodified alternatives).

2
 Page 712

Kathleen Morrissey

From: Meacham, Matthew W [MatthewMeacham@MissouriState.edu]

Sent: Thursday, April 29, 20104:53 PM
0: kmorrissey@oaiwp.org; Morrissey, Kathleen F
~''Jject: Excerpts from summer 2007 report re: gigging and so forth

Additionally, and perhaps more importantly, several features of the area's occupational folklife and material

culture are notably idiosyncratic and contribute to its distinct profile within the Upland South as a whole. Among
these are methods of archery fishing and archery hunting collectively known as ''bow gigging" or "bowing-and-

spiking" that were prevalent in and near the Eleven Point River, Current River, Jacks Fork, and other major
waterways of the southeast and south-central Missouri Ozarks during the late 19th and early zo- centuries.i''
Another distinctive method of fishing particularly associated with (if not unique to) the Current River and environs

is gigging, the use of a fork-like implement fastened to a pole to impale fish, particularly small bottom-dwellers, such

as suckers, most often in autumn and winter. Yet another artifact of the area's riverine folklife is the Ozark

johnboat, a narrow flatboat typically suitable for one to three passengers that is used for fishing (including gigging)

and other instances of river transport. The traditional Ozark johnboat belongs to a family of small flatboats, several

types of which are known as johnboats, that are indigenous to the watersheds of the Mississippi River and its

tributaries. Traditional Ozark johnboats, however, are often narrower and longer than johnboats made elsewhere.
The Ozark johnboat is strongly identified with south-central and southeast Missouri, where it frequently was used
~,
. transportation before the widespread construction of roads. Though most traditional (wooden) johnboats have
been replaced by mass-produced fishing boats - the designs of which were influenced, in many cases, by those of

traditional johnboats - the art of johnboat building is still practiced in this area, and handmade Ozark johnboats are

still valued highly by many area residents.Y' ...

Two obvious instances are the making of fish gigs and of johnboats. (See the overview for a discussion of the

role of fish gigging and johnboat use in the material and occupational folklife of this region's residents in past

generations.) A century ago, area residents fashioned fish gigs and archery spikes from any available scrap metal out
of the need to obtain sources of protein.iii[l] Today, such craftspeople as Ray Joe Hastings of the Doniphan area

maintain their blacksmithing skills and produce gigs and spikes because of those objects' historical significance and

collectibility. Mr. Hastings has done extensive research on the history of archery fishing in the Current River and is

writing a book on that subject.iv[2] Don Foerster of Van Buren is now teaching teenager Nathan Dazey, also of Van

Buren, how to build johnboats in an intentional effort to transmit what was once regarded as a practical skill but is
. d as an art. v[3] ...
now recogruze

~
One distinctive aspect of this region's foodways is the development of methods of frying small, bony, bottom-

dwelling fish harvested by gigging, especially suckers, in such a way as to make them palatable.Y' Recent research
1
 Page 713

on traditional cooking in Oregon County conducted by Brenda Bell of the University of Missouri Extension and

others suggests that residents of that county have a particular affinity for dumplings and regard them as emblematic

of their traditional foodways. Dumplings are consumed throughout the South and Midwest, but they seem to have
1. especially prominent role in the traditional Oregon County diet. Local residents prepare both rolled dumplings
and drop dumplings and combine them either with meat, such as chicken or squirrel, or with fruit, such as
.. "'----.-/
blackberries, making something resembling a soft cobbler.Vll[2] Both brown beans and white beans are common in

this region. Brown beans are often prepared in essentially the same manner as they are in much of southern and

central Appalachia; white beans often appear in ham and beans, a dish found in the Upland South but perhaps more

closely associated with the Midwest. At least three homemade breads are components of the area's traditional
cuisine: cornbread, biscuits, and sourdough bread prepared with a "starter."viii[3]

i[l] Dana Everts-Boehm, ''Buildin' Boats, Giggin' and Foolin' Around Is All Fun: Traditional Material Culture of the Ozark Waterways,
Featuring Johnboat Builder Cecil Murray and Gigmaker Paul Martin," Missouri Masters and Their Traditional Arts series, Missouri Folk
Arts Program of the Missouri Arts Council, University of Missouri-Columbia, 1996; Diane Cooke, Ray Hastings, Tracey Holden, Lynn
Maples, and Tasha Miller, interview with the author, Current River Heritage Museum, Doniphan, MO, March 27, 2007; James E. Price,
"Bowin' and Spikin' in th' Jillikirts," in Ozarks Watch IV /3 (Winter 1991), 12-15.
ii[2] Dana Everts-Boehm, "The Ozark Johnboat: Its History, Form, and Functions," Missouri Masters and Their Traditional Arts series,
Missouri Folk Arts Program of the Missouri Arts Council, University of Missouri-Columbia, 1991; Ray Burson, conversation with the
author, pioneer homestead site, Doniphan, MO, April 28, 2007; Cooke, Hastings, Holden, Maples, and Miller, interview, March 27,2007;
Gary Nash, interview with the author, Salem, MO, March 23,2007.

lill] Price, ''Bowirt' and Spikin' irt the Jillikirts."

iv[2] Cooke, Hastings, Holden, Maples, and Miller, interview, March 27, 2007.
v[3] Nathan Dazey and Don Foerster, conversation with the author, Big Spring, rural Van Buren, MO,June 9, 2007.

v[l] Kathleen Morrissey and other residents of this region, conversations with the author, March-June 2007.

vii[2] Brenda Bell, notes from a group discussion with residents of Oregon County, Alton, MO, November 13, 2006; Janice Richardson,
interview with the author, Alton, MO, March 7, 2007.
viii[3] Brenda Bell, Justine Cotton, and Nancy Reed, conversation with the author, Alton, MO, May 2, 2007; Cooke, Hastings, Holden,
Maples, and Miller, interview, March 27, 2007.

2
 Page 714

Conversation wi Marsha Boone:

Put your request in an e-mail attachment, in as simple terms and as specific as possible,
and I will deliver it to the deputy director. Not more than a page and a half.
It should include a description of what you are doing, what you want from us and why
you need it. We need a specific idea of what you're asking for.
And be sure to address the question in terms of how it would be of benefit to have more
people using the facilities of the area, especially the state parks. That's a major concern
right now because attendance is down.
Is it a question of the potential environmental impact of tourism or are you needing
technical data from the standpoint of hydrology, clean air, etc.
Out of town until Thursday (April 1) but will forward your information when I get back.

Draft of DNR request:

We are seeking assistance in assembling a feasibility study for consideration of our 10-
county area ofthe Missouri Ozarks as a potential candidate for National Heritage Area
status. These counties are Wright, Douglas, Ozark, Texas, Howell, Shannon, Oregon,
Carter, Dent, Ripley and possibly Reynolds. We are hoping the Missouri Dept. of Natural
Resources may help us answer the following questions as part of the Environmental
Assessment (EA) required under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).
Generally an EA is sufficient for NHA feasibility studies to meet NEP A compliance,
rather than a full Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), as significant negative impact
as a result ofNHA designation is not expected.

Here are the questions we would like DNR to address:

1. Can we safely say that designation of the Ozark Highlands National Heritage Area will
not have an significant impact on the air and water quality of the study area?

2. Will cultural tourism have a significant and positive economic impact on the study
area?

3. How will NHA designation have a significant positive impact on the current and future
condition of natural resources in the study area?

4.Describe DNR's function in overseeing the state's natural resources, including parks and
recreation areas and natural landmarks.

5. Does DNR maintain a list of threatened or endangered plant and animal species in the
study area, and if so, what does that list contain?

6. Does DNR maintain a comprehensive list of all plant and animal species to be found in
the study area, and if so, what does that list contain?

7.List current attendance figures or estimates at the state parks, forests, historic sites and
 Page 715

recreation areas in the study area, and how those compare with years past,

8. Might inclusion in a National Heritage Area increase attendance at these sites?

9.Does DRN or the state parks system host events, tours and/or re-enactments in the
study area?

10. Please identify districts, sites, buildings, structures and objects that are significant in
American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, and culture within the study
area as listed by DNR's State Historic Preservation Office.

11. List any historic trails or byways in the study area.

 Page 716

More notes, these I think from meeting wi Marsha Boone. Web guy in Springfield is Jim
Teeters. Website needs the flexibility to change and grow as needs are identified. Needs
,~ to be mix and match. Include tour packages, make it interactive.

Need an Internal strategic plan to identify areas where something needs doing, and to
decide who does what, when. Also a team of resource people. Don't get people on board
too soon. We must guide the schedule. If everybody else is on the bus, one person can't
block things from happening.
Keep the goals in each area to a minimum.
Do asset mapping to identify what's already there that you can build on.

Focus on smart growth, back to the land ecologically. Look at BryantWebsite,

Self sufficiency and common sense.

Make a sustainability plan. Safe water. Good handling of waste water. .

Make up a market tour. Include state parks on your tours.

Sustainability light.
Sustainable Ozarks. Learning through tough lessons, like clearcuts and wastewater issues.
Now working to keep pristine, make it worth a bus tour.

People are looking to hold onto something that's real. The right website could get tourism
dept. into it.

'-, Notes on the way home:

The theme is the saying:
Use it up, Wear it out, Make it do or Do without.

What people are having to learn now, the Ozarkers have always done. We made it by
adhering to the edge. We were always green. We've been passing down that knowledge.
The economy changing may function to bring communities together and sustain them.

Try to see what has sustained the Ozarks. What worked, what didn't. The lessons learned.
The story of the region. People are still living that story.

Parks, historical places. In the long term, they are about how to live.
Identify what parks are in the area. The NHA designation would give us national and
international presence.

We are the only one with sustainability historically and looking to continue.

Partners
Basic resources
Marketing strategy for the region.
Direct phone line
,~ $ for technical support
 Page 717

Ozarks Ingenuity
Generate more real tourism to appreciate what's here. Smart, reasonable growth without
land grab or tearing up the resource. Invite people to come back home. Tour companies
and networking to bring people in.

Look for partners, like Emery Strom of River Hills Traveler.

Debbie Schnook' of Ozark Travel
Smith Flooring
Preserve America designation

OPl - strategic planning

Russ and Michael Hinton - guerilla marketing
Kris - economic development, 10-county outreach, public meetings
Carol Silvey - feasibility study
Colin - Ozarks Center
Kathleen, Marideth & Matt - writing text to support all the processes.

Ruth Hawkins ASL, director of Delta Initiative Project

Funding from Scenic Byways.

Preserve America
Liason wi state Historic Preservation
Surveys
Reviews of Best Places to LiveAction cities
Review of Best Rural Communities to Retire
Baseline study of Howell Co.
OCEDA on-line

Colin: - Need clear-cut focused end game. Needs to have something in it for everybody.
Talk about the people who came here because of the rivers, and their descendents.
Decide what we're going to be when we grow up before we see if it's feasible. People will
come to the same conclusion if they get the same facts.

Remember our tenacity and ability to weather all difficulties.

Setting up 4-H youth in 4 counties.

Creating on-line version of survey of community people.
Working on themes and subthemes

Need list of all county commissioners in the study area.

Start looking at management entity
Contact Dr. Flader (I'm reading her book on Leopold now)
" the MSU mussel guy

Talk to steering committee about Management entity. Say it's OAl, through WPCA.
Update Lisa and Nola. Look at Leopold Foundation, Drey Foundation
 Page 718

From Poverty to sustainability through self reliance.

From Hardscrabble through entrepreneurism and Ozarks ingenuity to Innovation. Defme
Ozarks Ingenuity. Give examples. (My GF's walnut cracker and nutpicks) .

What are the best uses of technology to save the Ozarks stories?
The lessons learned here could save the world.
The story here is deeper than you can believe. There's no use trying to look at it. It is
what it is. Can't be explained, has to be experienced.
 Page 719

DOUGLAS COUNTY - A PART OF

THE OZARKS HERITAGE PROJECT

I just recently learned that Douglas County is one of ten counties in a project area
known as the Ozarks Heritage Project. I didn't know anything about this project until I "-,~/
received visits from representatives from Ozark Action, Inc. & the West Plains Council
on the Arts.

So, what is the mission of the Ozarks Heritage Project?

1. Complete a feasibility study for National Heritage Area

designation (funded through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act and the
National Endowment for the Arts)
• sustain cultural continuity - the "presence of the
past within the present"
• promote economic development
2. Develop a website as source of information about
what our region has to offer:
• artistic activity and products
• cultural resources
• cultural tourism
3. Marketing our locally made products and resources regionally to
promote:
• work of traditional artists
• locally grown or made products
• conserve regional folklife (traditional music, art &
skills, etc)

This initiative is being promoted by:

• West Plains Council on the Arts (501 c 3) - Mission: a
commitment to the sustainability of regional folk culture.
• Ozark Action, Inc.( 501 c 3 ) - Objective: fostering
economic opportunity, environmental sustainability, and
improving the quality of life within our region.
• Missouri State University-West Plains - Mission: to
improve accessibility to post-secondary education and
further a mutually beneficial relationship between higher
education and the cultural region that the university serves.

Plans are being discussed to have speakers from these organizations come to Ava
to address project mission and goals and how we locally can participate and
benefit from the regional marketing concept. More information will be
distributed when dates & speakers are confirmed. I have some printed

C:\Documents and Settings \kmorrissey\Local Settings \Temporary Internet

Files\Content.Outlook\779IQ8WZ\Document created by Marilyn Alms (with minor
editing by Matt).doc
maIms Page 1 8/14/2010
 Page 720

information available at Ava City Hall. If you would like to be informed of the
dates for the speakers, contact me at City Hall, phone 683-5516, Ext. 204.

Funding has been provided from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
(ARRA), funded from the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, provided by
the Missouri Department of Social Services, Family Support Division. Ozark Action,
Inc., a community action agency, has been awarded funds to promote the Ozark Heritage
Project. This funding will end September 2010.

~ I

C:\Documents and Settings\kmorrissey\Local Settings\Temporary Internet

Files\Content.Outlook\779IQ8WZ\Document created by Marilyn Alms (with minor
editing by Matt).doc
maIms Page 2 8114/2010
 Page 721

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 Page 722

• This·coli~borativev~nture unite~'WPCA's long-term

, commitment to the sustainability of regional folk
culture' with OAI'~objectives offo~tering economic ','
Qill)ortunity and improving the quality of life within the
region that it serves.
 Page 723

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 Page 724

Missouri
Arts Council
The State of the Arts
Page 725
 Page 726

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 Page 727

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'.";lI':":~he'third principal goal is-to develop aadbegiru

.:imple'll1enting strategies for marketing-the work of
,
regional tr~ditional artists and promoting die
"' .. ,. ,,',I I ,;,.. . , ' ,

. region as a potential destination for cultural tourists

. .

. and culturally engaged prospective retirees,

especially those of the "Baby Boom" generation.
• This component of CODP will include
preparations for the sixteenth annual Old-Till1e
Music, Ozark Heritage Festival in West Plains,
June 18 & 19, 2010. Planning for that event is well
underway.
 Page 729

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 Page 732

':ACtditilortaIly,'we 'will'mieettwith various ptiblic :officials'; eiVic

leaders, and representatives of potentially interested
organizations as theproject.proceeds .. '

a
~ Acom'!'unity
~flctlon .
PARTNERSHIP
Helping People. Changing Lives.
 Page 733

Ozark Action, Inc. t

710 East Main Street·
West Plains, Missouri 65775-0588
Phone: (417) 256-6147· Fax: (417) 256-0333
Mo. Relay: 800-735-2966 (TOO) 800-735-2466 (voice)
Http://www.oaiwp.org
OAc;iii:
PARTNERSHIP
Helping People. Changing Uves.

THE OZARKS HERITAGE PROJECT

A BRIEF INTRODUCTION

The Ozarks Heritage Project, initiated in December 2009, represents a collaboration between the
West Plains Council on the Arts (WPCA), Ozark Action, Inc. (OAI), a community action agency
(both WPCA and OAI are 501 (c)3 entities) and Missouri State University - West Plains. This
collaborative venture unites WPCA's long-term commitment to the sustainability of regional folk
culture with OArs objectives of fostering economic opportunity, environmental sustainability, and
improving the quality of life within our region. The university strives to further a mutually beneficial
relationship between the world of higher education and the cultural region it serves. The areas
served by these three entities overlap to a great extent; the Ozarks Heritage Project in particular
addresses Ripley, Oregon, Carter, Shannon, Dent, Texas, Howell, Wright, Douglas, and Ozark
counties in southern Missouri.

The Ozarks Heritage Project is funded with federal American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
(ARRA) funds received from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) provided
by the Missouri Department of Social Services, Family Support Division. The funds received from
the Family Support Division are all federally funded. Additionally, WPCA has received ARRA
funding with an "Arts Transform Missouri" grant from the Missouri Arts Council, funded by the
National Endowment for the Arts. Missouri State University-West Plains is collaborating by
providing access to university personnel to fill key positions.

The Ozarks Heritage Project's official implementation plan calls for the accomplishment of three
specific goals over the course of the funding period. One is the initiation of a feasibility study
regarding options for linking cultural conservation with economic opportunity in our region. One
option being considered is the attainment of a National Heritage Area designation incorporating the
counties in our project area. This feasibility study will represent a major step forward in a process
started more than five years ago by WPCA with funding from the National Endowment for the
Arts. A second goal is the development of a website that will serve as a comprehensive source of
information about artistic activity, cultural resources, and cultural tourism opportunities within our
region. There are, of course, many online sources of information about these subjects, but there is'
no single website that presents this knowledge in a systematic, integrated way; consequently, our
cultural region's ''Web presence" is fragmented. We hope to remedy this situation by creating a
website that will give potential visitors (and potential purchasers of cultural products from this
region) a more comprehensive understanding of what the region has to offer. In doing so, we will
look to the web sites of existing National Heritage Areas, cultural trails, and regional tourism
programs as potential models. The third goal is to develop and begin implementing strategies for
marketing the work of regional traditional artists and promoting the region as a potential destination
for cultural tourists, and culturally engaged prospective retirees, especially those of the "Baby
Boom" generation.
 Page 734

FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR AN OZARK NATIONAL HERITAGE AREA

AN INTRODUCTION

What is this all about?

.--
<,

National Park Service?

A National Heritage Area is hot controlled from Washington DC. It is also not a National Park,
not a National Monument, not a National Forest, nor even an administered unit of the National
Park Service. No land is owned or managed by the National Park Service under this program.
Their involvement is as an advisor to an independent group that is in the region. Every new
National Heritage Area has included this Private Property Protection Clause:

"Nothing in this Management Plan shall be construed torequire any private property owner to
permit public access (including Federal, State, or local government access) to
such private property. Nothing in this Management Plan shall be construed to modify any
provision of Federal, State, or local law with regard to public access to or use
of private lands. "

In short, this means that the National Heritage Area cannot force people into the program and
can't take private property in any way. The program is intended as a voluntary partnership.
You don't have to participate if you don't want to.

What's in itfor me? Why should it matter to my community?

A big part of this program is about heritage: too often the Ozarks region has been defmed by
others. Now, through this program, residents can define themselves. This can be through

Introduction 1
 Page 735

FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR AN OZARK NATIONAL HERITAGE AREA

heritage preservation to save local stories, heritage education to make local residents proud of
their common experiences, and through heritage tourism which allows outsiders to see the
"real" Ozarks and brings in economic development dollars. The economic impact of tourism
in a region can be significant, but there must be a balance.

Heritage isn't just museums and landmarks-it's about celebrating local culture and stories: a
restaurant might include stories of the region on the back of a menu, a retail store may display
local artwork that interests visitors-the store owner can relay a story of the region through the
piece. It offers both the benefits of economic development and lets local residents feel like
they are in a special place that they and their families will care for a long time.

A National Heritage Area is not a set experience like Colonial Williamsburg, nor are residents
a "cast" of characters that all think the same way. They are citizens, voters, and volunteers in a
living region.

How does this process work?

A National Heritage Area isn't just created, there is a multiple-stage process and it must be
acknowledged by Congress and signed into law. Our office, Jeffrey L. Bruce and Company, is
working with Ozark Action, Inc. to create an official Feasibility Study document that the
National Park Service will review. We are a small landscape architecture office in Missouri
with no affiliation with the National Park Service (NPS), but we have worked on National
Heritage Area projects in the past. The NPS does have specific criteria to follow, including
resource inventories that document the significant features in a potential National Heritage
Area.

In a traditional approach, the "outside experts" come, tell people how do to things, then leave.
We feel this is inappropriate. Instead, we believe in citizen engagement: you know your
stories, your sites, and your values. We would rather you define yourselves than the other way
around. If this process takes hold, you will be the ones continuing this process and celebrating
your stories. We are here to help you with tools and direction to realize your efforts-civic
engagement training is one of those methods.

If you have any questions about this process, please feel free to contact Kathleen Morrissey at
Ozark Action at 710 E. Main Street, West Plains, MO 65775,417-256-6147, or
km orrissey@oaiwp.org.

If you have any questions about our office, please feel free to contact us.

Thanks,

Mike McGrew
Jeffrey L. Bruce and Company
North Kansas City, Missouri
816-842-8999
mmcgrew@ilbruce.com

Introduction 2
 Page 736

FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR AN OZARK NATIONAL HERITAGE AREA

HERlT AGE TOURISM AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

• The Travel and Tourism industry generated $740 billion in the US economy in 2006
and over eight million jobs. Since then, tourism has bucked economic trends and
grown to $770 billion in 2009 as people stay in the United States instead of travel
overseas. Missouri's share of tourism is $10.1 billion. (Source: US Dept. of
Commerce, 2009)

• 81 % of US adult travelers in 2005 considered themselves "cultural travelers" as they

include historical or cultural activities on their trips, an increase from 68% in 1996.
Heritage tourism grew at twice the rate of general tourism. (Advisory Council on
Historic Preservation)

• The Department of Commerce also reports that heritage travelers tend to spend more
money per day ($623 compared to $457) and travel longer on average than those with
different travel agendas (5.2 nights compared to 3.4 nights).

• The South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism found that the most
popular months for heritage travel are July and August.

• The Kansas Department of Commerce records that heritage tourists desire to visit
places for "nostalgia, patriotism, and education."

--,~ Heritage Travel in Missouri (findings from Missouri Division of Tourism survey)

Missourians Want to Travel in Missouri. Of six states from which to choose for
culturallheritage travel, Missourians overwhelmingly choose Missouri (75% total, 86%
culturally motivated), more than double the next closest states (Tennessee: 34% total, 35%
culturally motivated; Illinois: 33% total, 33% culturally motivated).

Non-Missourians Show Interest in Missouri. Among total out-of-state

residents, Missouri (34%) places among the leaders (Texas 37%, Tennessee 36%, Illinois
33%). However, culturally motivated travelers (who have been to Missouri) position it at
the top (Missouri 61 %), Tennessee ranks second at a distant 49%).

Consistent Reasons Cited When Missouri Is Not Preferred. "Been there/done that" ranks at
the top for not choosing Missouri as the preferred state for both in-state and out of-state
residents. Missouri must also fight images, both internal and external, that other states have
superior attractions and are more beautiful and scenic. Non-residents add that there is not
much to do in Missouri.

The Missouri Eighth Congressional district employed 8,900 people and generated $164
million in travel payroll in 2006-ranking 8th out the nine congressional districts.

Introduction 3
 Page 737

FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR AN OZARK NATIONAL HERITAGE AREA

Heritage Tourism and Natural Resources

• 20% of the travel market is now classified as adventure travel--ofwhich 81% travel to
"experience people, lifestyles, and cultures different from their own", and a similar
number "visit small towns and rural areas." (National Geographic and TIA, 2002)

• The AARP indicates that the top ten adventure activities for Baby Boomers includes
freshwater fishing, biking, hiking, camping, motorcycling, and kayaking-all of which
can be experienced in the Ozarks region.

How do you Promote Regional Heritage Tourism?

• Much like commercial sites like to gather around one .another to improve business,
heritage sites and locations can better improve their economic environment if they
provide multiple close options to one another. Few people will travel six hours to visit
a single site and return home, but many more will visit a half-dozen sites over a long
weekend. Connect your stories.

• As it states in the introduction, heritage tourism isn't just museums and landmarks, its
restaurants, retail stores, hotels, and support businesses. There are number of places
and locations that can cross-promote to create a "real" experience of the Ozarks.

• If this area becomes a full-fledged National Heritage Area in the future, it can provide
signage, marketing, and branding to promote the region and its heritage resources-as
well as provide grants to assist sites in improving their resources.

Introduction 4
 Page 738

FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR AN OZARK NATIONAL HERITAGE AREA

Civic Engagement Leaders Packet

This region is not currently a National Heritage Area. All National

Heritage Areas must be designated by Congress after the submission
of a formal feasibility study. This study must be performed to see:
• If the area is suitable as a National Heritage Area
• If there is public support to create a National Heritage Area
• If there is a grassroots network of staff and volunteers to
operate a National Heritage Area

Civic Engagement is critical to this study. It is a continuous, dynamic

conversation with the public on many levels. It builds a sense of
"place", develops a vision of the region, and welcomes and
encourages a diversity of opinions and backgrounds. By recording
stories of the area's heritage, you can provide evidence that the area
is suitable as a National Heritage Area. By performing these in
multiple places, you can make the case to see if there is (or is not)
public support across a large part of the region. That's why we need
as many people getting together as possible.

1
Page 739
 Page 740

· Central MO. Ozarks Development Project Implementation Plan:

ARRA-FY'09

k. Website completed and functional as a "web portal" to the region (web (

portal completed and launched.) (September, 2010)
 Page 741

The website enumerating cultural resources in a ten-county area of the Missouri

Ozarks is located at www.wparts.org/culture. As of late December 2010, all of the
framework and much of the content of the site is in place. I will continue to add
content to the site over the next month. When my tenure here in West Plains "'--_---,'
concludes at the end of January 2011, I will give Kathleen Morrissey detailed
instructions as to how to edit the site so that she or anyone of her choosing can
continue to add (or modify) content as she sees fit.

Matt Meacham
December 27, 2010
 Page 742

Website Speciflcatlons
Hosted Services Recommendations:
Developer will provide organization with recommendations for website hosting. Hosting service
contract will be made directly by organization, including payment of any applicable fees. Hosting
services should include, but not be limited to, database services, email accounts, unlimited disk storage,
unlimited transfer, CGI scripting and server-side includes. CGIIdatabase services should support PHP,
Python, MySQL, and JavaScript/DHTML. Scripting services could also include FrontPage Extensions
and FlashiShockwave support.

Hosting services should also support streaming audio and video capabilities. Hosting services should
include secure e-commerce features or developer shall recommend a separate e-commerce site to serve
this function.

For additional website expansion, hosting service should include support for social networking,
blogging, image galleries and wiki capabilities. Domain name registration may be included with the
hosting services. A hosted Content Management System may be utilized if it meets the above
requirements.

Website Development:
Developer will create a turn-key website from organization provided content. Website will provide link
to area county cultural information and resources. Website should be easy to update and maintain.
Developer will work with an organization representative to determine the website's organization,
structure and layout. The website should follow current web development standards separating content
from layout. All layout should be handled by cascading style sheets and fully functional with style
sheets disabled and across standard browsers including Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera and Safari.
The initial website should consist of at least 80 to 100 pages and should be 'live' September 1st, 2010.
The developer shall work with the organization representative on creating the website style sheets to
control the website layout. The hosting service may provide tools for creating these style sheets.
 Page 743

DRJ DESIGNS / DAVID JOHNSTON

1528 Imperial Center West Plains, MO 65775
417-274-2918 drjweb@gmail.com
866-591-4724 FAX

ESTIMATE / CONTRACT

FOR Ozark Action, INC. I Estimate # 2010-0520WPCA

Matt Meacham
West Plains, MO I Estimate Date 05-20-2010

I Customer ID WPCA
I
I
QTY ITEM UNITS DESCRIPTION UNIT PRICE TOTAL

$6,500.00
1 Website 1
I Creation of turn-keywebsite. Please see next page $6,500.00
(this is a one
for complete description.
time charge)

http://hostek.com/hosting/linux/cpanel/linux-
Hosting and
cpanel-hosting-control-panel.asp $83.40jyear
Domain Name
plus $10jyear for domain name

1 year contract for DRJ Designs to make minor

Optional Monthly
Maintenance
I changes, additions, modifications with 24 hour $360.00
I turn-around time excluding weekends.

I $30jhour after the website is up and running.

Additional Work I (includes any further work that goes beyond the
scope of the work as described above)

If Estimate is accepted, please sign and fax back to (866) 591-4724

I I
I
Ozark Action, INC is entering into a contract with DRJ Designs for design of
Website as detailed on following page. All material related to the website including
design files will belong to Ozark Action, INC and will be hosted on their hosting
server they choose with complete access.

Payment: Ozark Action, INC agrees to pay DRJ Designs 20% deposit ($1,300.00)
upon submission of Website Blueprint.
On Sept. 1st, 2010, 50% of the remaining balance will be due = $2,600.00.
The remaining balance, $2,600 and optional monthly maintenance plan will be due
upon completion of the website when Grant money will be available, but no later
than November 1st, 2010.
TOTAL $6,500.00

~;d'~~:r;t)}l)J
r-X O.p7~A
I
DRJ Designs Signature Ozark A&"n, INC Authorized Signature

Date:
? Ilo/;o
j
 Page 744

Kathleen Morrissey

From: Meacham, Matthew W [MatthewMeacham@MissouriState.edu]

Sent: Monday, May 10, 2010 9:55 AM
"o: mark@hornbeckvideo.com
~: kmorrissey@oaiwp.org; Morrissey, Kathleen F
Iject: Material related to the proposed cultural resources website
.•achments: Website design preliminary thoughts -- Ozark Heritage Project.doc

Mark,

Thank you again for all of your help with the festival website, and thanks, also, for your interest in the possibility
of bidding on the comprehensive cultural resources website that we're hoping to put together. We really appreciate
all of your help.

Kathleen asked me to send you a document that I wrote several months ago outlining my initial thoughts
about what I think the cultural resources website will need to encompass. I've attached it.

She also asked me to send you links to several websites relating to the National Heritage Area program. Here's
the program's main website: http://wv;rw.nps.gov/history/heritageareasl. Additionally, here are websites
representing several specific National Heritage Areas:

---The Freedom's Frontier National Heritage Area (Kansas and Missouri): http://wv.rw.freedomsfrontier.org/

--- The Silos and Smokestacks National Heritage Area (Iowa): http://www.silosandsmokestacks.org/

--- The Blue Ridge National Heritage Area (North Carolina): http://v;rww.blueridgeheritage.coml.
~
If you have any questions, or if I can provide any further information, please let me know. Thanks again for
everything you're doing.

Take care,
Matt

Matt Meacham

Folklorist, West Plains Council on the Arts/Ozark Action. Inc.

Adjunct instructor, Missouri State University-West Plains

(417) 256-6147, ext. 227 (office)

(417) 372-3177 (cell/home)

mmeacham@oai""'P.org

or matthewmeacham@missouristate.edu

1
 Page 745

Kathleen Morrissey

From: Meacham, Matthew W [MatthewMeacham@MissouriState.edu]

Sent: Monday, May 17, 2010 9:52 AM
'0: drjweb@gmail.com
. ";c: kmorrissey@oaiwp.org; Morrissey, Kathleen F
Subject: Inquiry about developing a regional cultural resources website

Dear DR] Designs,

Our organization, the West Plains Council on the Arts, in collaboration with Ozark Action, Inc., hopes to
develop a website that will offer comprehensive information about cultural resources in a ten-county area within the
Missouri Ozarks. Our goal is to have the site developed and online by late summer or early fall, if at all possible.

We'd like to invite you to submit a bid to design the website, and we'd be very interested in meeting with you in
person to discuss what we have in mind. Would it be possible for us to arrange a meeting with you sometime
soon? If it would be convenient for you to meet with us in our office at Ozark Action so that we could show you
some materials that we have here, that would be ideal, but we could certainly come to your office if necessary.

Thank you very much. I'll look forward to hearing from you.

Sincerely,
Matt Meacham

Matt Meacham

L'olklorist, West Plains Council on the Arts/Ozark Action. Inc.

Adjunct instructor, Missouri State University-West Plains

(417) 256-6147, ext. 227 (office)

(417) 372-3177 (cell/home)

rruneacham@oaiwp.org

or matthewmeacham@missouristate.edu

1
 Page 746

Kathleen Morrissey

From: Gordon, Grayson E [GraysonGordon@MissouriState.edu]

C;ent: Tuesday, May 18, 2010 5:04 PM
): Meacham, Matthew W
~: kmorrissey@oaiwp.org; Morrissey, Kathleen F
Jject: Re: Specifications for cultural resources website

Sorry for the delay in responding. We are very busy with the Banner 8 upgrade scheduled for the Memorial Day
weekend.

The area web designers typically charge around $500 per webpage. That is one of the reasons that I went with a per-
hour rate plus expenses.

I don't know if you will be able to find someone to do that amount of pages within the limited time frame, especially if it
will include a lot of images.

I was thinking it would be 10-20 pages max to begin with and mostly linking to existing information.

I think the main thing for this initial phase would be the setting up ofthe hosting site and database/content
management system.

Thanks,

Grayson

.r=>;

,5/12/10 11:58 AM, "Meacham, Matthew W" <MatthewMeacham@MissouriState.edu> wrote:

Grayson,

Thank you very much for all of your help in planning the cultural resources website that we're hoping to develop. It's
greatly appreciated.

I'm estimating that the number of pages (initially,at least) will be approximately 80 to 100. I've added that estimate to the
specifications that you've written, and I've attached that document to this message. Could you please send us a price estimate
when you have a chance? Many thanks.

Take care,
Matt

Matt Meacham
Folklorist, West Plains Council on the Arts <http://www.wparts.org/> /Ozark Action, Inc. <http://oaiwp.org/>
Adjunct instructor, Missouri State University-West Plains <http://wp.missouristate.edu/>
(417) 256-6147, ext. 227 (office)
(417) 372-3177 (cell/home)
mmeacham@oaiwp.org
or matthewmeacham@missouristate.edu

1
 Page 747
RE: Inquiry about developing a regional cultural resources website Page 1 of 1

RE: Inquiry about developing a regional cultural resources website

Meacham, Matthew W
Sent: Thursday, May 20, 2010 2: 12 PM

To: David Johnston [drjweb@gmail.com]

David,

Thank you very much for your work on this and for responding so quickly. We really appreciate it. I'll
share this with Kathleen and Marideth, and we'll be in touch soon.

Thanks again,
Matt

From: David Johnston [drjweb@gmail.com]

Sent: Thursday, May 20, 2010 2:04 PM
To: Meacham, Matthew W
Subject: RE: Inquiry about developing a regional cultural resources website

Matt,

I apologize for the delay. I'm also a First Responder, and last night and today has been several calls back to back.

Please find attached the estimate for the proposed website. I've tried to streamline the cost, considering the
time and amount of work required to make this live and functional by September 1st. I scaled the initial website
back to 50-70 pages. 'believe that is the only change made that was not in your notes you gave me.

I believe I've outlined everything that we talked about yesterday. Let me know if you have any questions.

Thanks!

David Johnston

Contact DR) Designs for Professional and Affordable Website Solutions

(417) 274-2918 www.drjdesigns.net

https:1ibearmail.missouristate.edulowaJ?ae=Item&t=IPM.Note&id=RgAAAAAseng08cH1... 8116/2010
 Page 748
RE: Inquiry about developing a regional cultural resources website Page 1 of 1

RE: Inquiry about developing a regional cultural resources website

Meacham, Matthew W
»<>: Sent: Tuesday, June 01, 2010 1:51 PM
To: David Johnston [drjweb@gmail.com]

David,

Thank you very much for your help with this. We've decided to accept this contract, and we'll sign it and
fax it to you very soon. We're looking forward to working with you. .

Take care,
Matt

From: David Johnston [drjweb@gmail.com]

Sent: Thursday, May 20, 2010 2:04 PM
To: Meacham, Matthew W
Subject: RE: Inquiry about developing a regional cultural resources website

I apologize forthe delay. I'm also a First Responder, and last night and today has been several calls back to back.

Please find attached the estimate for the proposed website. I've tried to streamline the cost, considering the
time and amount of work required to make this live and functional by September 1st. I scaled the initial website
back to 50-70 pages. I believe that is the only change made that was not in your notes you gave me.

I believe I've outlined everything that we talked about yesterday. Let me know if you have any questions.

Thanks!

David Johnston

Contact DR) Designs for Professional and Affordable Website Solutions

(417) 274-2918 www.drjdesigns.net

https:/ Ibearmail.missouristate.edulowa/?ae=Item&t=IPM.Note&id=RgAAAAAsengO8 cHI... 8116/2010

RE: Inquiry about developing a regional culturalPage 749 website
resources Page 1 of2

RE: Inquiry about developing a regional cultural resources website

Meacham, Matthew W
Sent: Tuesday, June 01, 2010 2:22 PM
To: David Johnston [drjweb@gmail.com]

David,

Kathleen was about to sign the contract so that I could fax it to you, but she noticed that the contract
indicates that the West Plains Council on the Arts will be the purchaser of the services, when, in fact, it will
be Ozark Action, Inc. Could you please send us another version of the contract in which "West Plains
Council on the Arts" is replaced by "Ozark Action, Inc." in all references to the purchaser of services? I'm
sorry for the trouble. Thanks again for your help -- very much appreciated.

Matt

From: David Johnston [drjweb@gmail.com]

Sent: Tuesday, June 01, 2010 2:06 PM
To: Meacham, Matthew W
Subject: RE: Inquiry about developing a regional cultural resources website

Matt,

That's great. Looking forward to the working with you on this endeavor.

Thank you.
David Johnston

Contact DR) Designs for Professional and Affordable Website Solutions

(417) 274-2918 www.drjdesigns.net

From: Meacham, Matthew W [mailto:MatthewMeacham@MissouriState.edu]

Sent: Tuesday, June 01, 2010 1:51 PM
To: David Johnston
Subject: RE: Inquiry about developing a regional cultural resources website

David,

Thank you very much for your help with this. We've decided to accept this contract, and we'll sign it and
fax it to you very soon. We're looking forward to working with you.

Take care,
Matt

From: David Johnston [drjweb@gmail.com]

Sent: Thursday, May 20, 2010 2:04 PM
To: Meacham, Matthew W
Subject: RE: Inquiry about developing a regional cultural resources website

Matt,

hrtps:1ibearmail.missouristate.eduJowa/?ae=Item&t=IPM.Note&id=RgAAAAAseng08eRl... 8/16/2010
 Page 750
RE: Inquiry about developing a regional cultural resources website Page 2 of2

I apologize for the delay. I'm also a First Responder, and last night and today has been several calls back to back.

Please find attached the estimate for the proposed website. I've tried to streamline the cost, considering the
time and amount of work required to make this live and functional by September 1st. I scaled the initial website
back to 50-70 pages. I believe that is the only change made that was not in your notes you gave me.

I believe I've outlined everything that we talked about yesterday. Let me know if you have any questions.

Thanks!

David Johnston

Contact DR} Designs for Professional and Affordable Website Solutions

(417) 274-2918 www.drjdesigns.net

https:/lbearmail.missouristate.eduiowa/?ae=Item&t=IPM.N ote&id= RgAAAAAseng08cHl... 8/16/2010

RE: Inquiry about developing a regional culturalPage 751 website
resources Page 1 of3

RE: Inquiry about developing a regional cultural resources website

Meacham, Matthew W
Sent: Tuesday, June 01, 20103:27 PM
To: David Johnston [drjweb@gmail.com]

Sure. Again, sorry for the trouble. Thanks for your help!

Matt

From: David Johnston [drjweb@gmail,com]

Sent: Tuesday, June 01, 2010 2:29 PM
To: Meacham, Matthew W
Subject: Re: Inquiry about developing a regional cultural resources website

No problem. I'm out of the office right now. Is tomorrow am ok?

David

Sent from my iPhone

On Jun 1,2010, at 2:22 PM, "Meacham, Matthew WIt <MatthewMeacham@MissouriState.edu> wrote:

David,

Kathleen was about to sign the contract so that I could fax it to you, but she noticed that
the contract indicates that the West Plains Council on the Arts will be the purchaser of the
services, when, in fact, it will be Ozark Action, Inc. Could you please send us another version
of the contract in which "West Plains Council on the Arts" is replaced by "Ozark Action, Inc."
in all references to the purchaser of services? I'm sorry for the trouble. Thanks again for your
help -- very much appreciated.

Matt

From: David Johnston [drjweb@gmail.com]

Sent: Tuesday, June 01, 2010 2:06 PM
To: Meacham, Matthew W
Subject: RE: Inquiry about developing a regional cultural resources website

Matt,

That's great. Looking forward to the working with you on this endeavor.

Thank you.

David Johnston

https:/lbearrnai1.missouristate.eduiowa/?ae=Item&t=IPM.N ote&id= RgAAAAAseng08cHl... 8116/2010

 Page 752
RE: Inquiry about developing a regional cultural resources website Page 10f2

RE: Inquiry about developing a regional cultural resources website

Meacham, Matthew W
»<>: Sent: Wednesday, June 02, 2010 11:12 AM

To: David Johnston [drjweb@gmail.com]

Thanks, David -- very much appreciated. Kathleen will sign this this afternoon, and I'll fax it to you.
Thank you again for all of your help.

Matt

From: David Johnston [drjweb@gmail.com]

Sent: Wednesday, June 02, 2010 7:36 AM
To: Meacham, Matthew W
Subject: RE: Inquiry about developing a regional cultural resources website

Matt,

Please find attached the revised contract.

Thank you.
David

Contact DR) Designs for Professional and Affordable Website Solutions

(417) 274-2918 www.drjdesigns.net

From: Meacham, Matthew W [mailto:MatthewMeacham@MissouriState.edu]

Sent: Tuesday, June 01, 2010 2:23 PM
To: David Johnston
Subject: RE: Inquiry about developing a regional cultural resources website

David,

Kathleen was about to sign the contract so that I could fax it to you, but she noticed that the contract
indicates that the West Plains Council on the Arts will be the purchaser of the services, when, in fact, it will
be Ozark Action, Inc. Could you please send us another version of the contract in which "West Plains
Council on the Arts" is replaced by "Ozark Action, Inc." in all references to the purchaser of services? I'm
sorry for the trouble. Thanks again for your help -- very much appreciated.

Matt

From: David Johnston [drjweb@gmail.com]

Sent: Tuesday, June 01, 2010 2:06 PM
To: Meacham, Matthew W
Subject: RE: Inquiry about developing a regional cultural resources website

Matt,

~ That's great. Looking forward to the working with you on this endeavor.

Thank you.

https:/ Ibearmail.rnissouristate.edulowal?ae= Item&t=IPM.Note&id=RgAAAAAseng08cHl... 8/16/2010

RE: website check Page 753 Page 1 of 1

RE: website check

Meacham, Matthew W
Sent: Wednesday, June 30, 2010 11:54 PM

To: David Johnston [drjweb@gmail.com]

Cc: Morrissey, Kathleen F; yarnspinner2010@centurylink.net

Attachments: Cultural resources webstte=Ldoc (26 KB)

Hi, David. Many thanks for your messages, and thank you very much for all of your excellent work on
the cultural resources website so far (http://drjtest.com/arts/). You've obviously put a lot of thought and
effort into it, and we really appreciate it. I've attached a list of suggested revisions (and am copying this
message to both Kathleen and Marideth in case they have any other suggestions).

Kathleen says that she'll ask the administrators here at Ozark Action to issue you a check as soon as
these revisions are done and everyone is in agreement that this phase of the process is complete and meets
our needs. My apologies if the payment process is slower or more complicated than you were expecting; as
is often the case in large organizations like this one, it sometimes takes a while to jump through all of the
requisite hoops.

Thanks again for everything you're doing. It's very much appreciated.

Matt

https:/ Ibearmail.missouristate.edulowal?ae= Item&t=IPM.Note&id=RgAAAAAseng08cHl... .8116/2010

 Page 754
RE: website updates Page 1 of2

RE: website updates

Meacham, Matthew W
~ Sent: Friday, July 02, 2010 10:04 AM
To: David Johnston [drjweb@gmail.com]

Thanks, David. This all sounds good. The revisions look good, as well; thanks for doing them. Only
one suggestion: if you could move "regional (multiple counties)" to the bottom of the "counties" drop-down
menu and move "miscellaneous" to the bottom of the "genres" drop-down menu, that would be great. I
completely understand your need to receive payment as quickly as possible. I'll let Kathleen know that all of.
the changes that you've made are fine with me and will encourage her to request payment for you as early
next week as possible.

Thanks again,
Matt

From: David Johnston [drjweb@gmail.com]

Sent: Thursday, July 01, 2010 1:25 PM
To: Meacham, Matthew W
Cc: Morrissey, Kathleen F; yarnspinner2010@centurylink.net
Subject: RE: website updates

Good afternoon Matt,

http://drjtest.com/arts I have your requested changes made. You may need to refresh each page to see the
changes. Again, just Howell County and Music links are active.

In answer to your other questions:

1. re: images changes, yes, they can be changed easily to be more relative to the content of the website. And if
you already have images I can use, please email them to me.

2. Re: the background and color scheme, after viewing about 25 different relative websites, I chose this scheme
because of its fresh style. From an outside point of view, when I think of cultural resources, it's very difficult to
capture every culture in one design, so something like this design is very universal. It's clean, crisp, and most of
all simplistic.
The websites I viewed were, for the most part, very cluttered with heavy graphics and thus made viewing
unpleasant.

Because of the MANY pages you will have on this site, (from a designer's point of view), you need to stick with a
simple design that is eye catching, and professional looking. Many designers make the mistake of trying to put
too much on the front page, and therefore lose a lot of traffic.

Your two focus points for your website need to be the Navigational Structure ... again, simplistic; and the search
feature. Both of these will be the "click" that takes people to what they are looking for.

I can change the scheme around some, but in my opinion, I really think this design will set you all out above the
-<>. rest... at least the ones I've viewed.

3. Re: the check, I can understand the payment process. It was that way with the City of West Plains website as

https:/lbearmail.missouristate.edu!owa/?ae=Item&t=IPM.N ote&id= RgAAAAAseng08cHL.. 8116/2010

RE: website updates Page 755 Page 2 of2

well. So if any expedition of the process can be made, it would be greatly appreciated. From a small business
owner's perspective, budgeting is one of my greatest challenges. That's why I write my contracts the way I do so
as to have a good idea of when payments will be rolling in.
So I really need to receive a check for this first part no later than this coming Wednesday please. Sooner would
be better. Thanks for understanding.

David

Contact DR) Designs for Professional and Affordable Website Solutions

(417) 274-2918 www.drjdesigns.net

From: Meacham, Matthew W [mailto:MatthewMeacham@MissouriState.edu]

Sent: Wednesday, June 30, 2010 11:54 PM
To: David Johnston
Cc: Morrissey, Kathleen F; yarnspinner2010@centurylink.net
Subject: RE: website check

Hi, David. Many thanks for your messages, and thank you very much for all of your excellent work on
the cultural resources website so far (http://dtjtest.com/arts/). You've obviously put a lot of thought and
effort into it, and we really appreciate it. I've attached a list of suggested revisions (and am copying this
message to both Kathleen and Marideth in case they have any other suggestions).

Kathleen says that she'll ask the administrators here at Ozark Action to issue you a check as soon as
these revisions are done and everyone is in agreement that this phase of the process is complete and meets
our needs. My apologies if the payment process is slower or more complicated than you were expecting; as
is often the case in large organizations like this one, it sometimes takes a while to jump through all of the
requisite hoops.

Thanks again for everything you're doing. It's very much appreciated.

Matt

https:/ ibearmail.missouristate.eduiowa/?ae=Item&t=IPM.Note&id=RgAAAAAsengO8 cHI... 8/16/2010

 Page 756
Brief follow-up Page 1 of3

Brief follow-up
Meacham, Matthew W
~ Sent: Friday, July 02, 2010 10:06 AM
To: David Johnston [drjweb@gmail.com]

Just one other thing: I just noticed that "Cultural" is misspelled as "Culteral," not on the home page itself
but on the outer frame or label (or whatever that's called -- please pardon my ignorance), so if you could
change that, also, I'd really appreciate it. And, again, I'll do my best to expedite the payment process for
you.

Thanks,
Matt

From: Meacham, Matthew W

Sent: Friday, July 02, 2010 10:04 AM
To: David Johnston
Subject: RE: website updates

Thanks, David. This all sounds good. The revisions look good, as well; thanks for doing them. Only
one suggestion: if you could move "regional (multiple counties)" to the bottom of the "counties" drop-down
menu and move "miscellaneous" to the bottom of the "genres" drop-down menu, that would be great. I
completely understand your need to receive payment as quickly as possible. I'll let Kathleen know that all of
the changes that you've made are fine with me and will encourage her to request payment for you as early
-'-...., next week as possible.

Thanks again,
Matt

From: David Johnston [drjweb@gmail.com]

Sent: Thursday, July 01, 2010 1:25 PM
To: Meacham, Matthew W
Cc: Morrissey, Kathleen F; yarnspinner2010@centurylink.net
Subject: RE: website updates

Good afternoon Matt,

http://dritest.com/arts I have your requested changes made. You may need to refresh each page to see the
changes. Again, just Howell County and Music links are active.

In answer to your other questions:

1. re: images changes, yes, they can be changed easily to be more relative to the content of the website. And if
you already have images I can use, please email them to me.

2. Re: the background and color scheme, after viewing about 25 different relative websites, I chose this scheme
because of its fresh style. From an outside point of view, when I think of cultural resources, it's very difficult to
capture every culture in one design, so something like this design is very universal. It's clean, crisp, and most of
all simplistic.
The websites I viewed were, for the most part, very cluttered with heavy graphics and thus made viewing

https:/lbearmaiLmissouristate.eduiowal?ae= Item&t=IPM.N ote&id=RgAAAAAseng08cHL.. 8116/2010

Brief follow-up
Page 757 Page 2 of3

unpleasant.

Because of the MANY pages you will have on this site, (from a designer's point of view), you need to stick with a
simple design that is eye catching, and professional looking. Many designers make the mistake of trying to put
too much on the front page, and therefore lose a lot of traffic.
'~

Your two focus points for your website need to be the Navigational Structure ... again, simplistic; and the search
feature. Both of these will be the "click" that takes people to what they are looking for.

I can change the scheme around some, but in my opinion, I really think this design will set you all out above the
rest... at least the ones I've viewed.

3. Re: the check, I can understand the payment process. It was that way with the City of West Plains website as
well. So if any expedition of the process can be made, it would be greatly appreciated. From a small business
owner's perspective, budgeting is one of my greatest challenges. That's why I write my contracts the way I do so
as to have a good idea of when payments will be rolling in.
So I really need to receive a check for this first part no later than this coming Wednesday please. Sooner would
be better. Thanks for understanding.

David

Contact DR) Designs for Professional and Affordable Website Solutions

(417) 274-2918 www.drjdesiqns.net

From: Meacham, Matthew W [mailto:MatthewMeacham@MissouriState.edu]

Sent: Wednesday, June 30, 2010 11:54 PM
To: David Johnston
Cc: Morrissey, Kathleen F; yarnspinner2010@centurylink.net
Subject: RE: website check

Hi, David. Many thanks for your messages, and thank you very much for all of your excellent work on
the cultural resources website so far (http://drjtest.comlarts/). You've obviously put a lot of thought and
effort into it, and we really appreciate it. I've attached a list of suggested revisions (and am copying this
message to both Kathleen and Marideth in case they have any other suggestions).

Kathleen says that she'll ask the administrators here at Ozark Action to issue you a check as soon as
these revisions are done and everyone is in agreement that this phase of the process is complete and meets
our needs. My apologies if the payment process is slower or more complicated than you were expecting; as
is often the case in large organizations like this one, it sometimes takes a while to jump through all of the
requisite hoops.

Thanks again for everything you're doing. It's very much appreciated.

https:/ ibearmail.missouristate.eduJowal?ae=Item&t=IPM.Note&id=RgAAAAAseng08cHI... 8/16/2010

 Page 758

Central MO. Ozarks Development Project Implementation Plan:

ARRA-FY'09

1. Feasibility Study completed and presented to the National Heritage Area

Board for review. (Feasibility Study completed) (September, 2010.)
 Page 759
!lV. :;VVJ r• LI J

C(}n~No. PG2810015

CONTRACT
:PROGRAM MODIFICATION
No.2

community Services Block ·Gtant·(CSBG) Contract

American Recovery and Remvestment (Recovery Aa)

The subject contract entered into on April 10; 2009, between the FAMILY SUPPORT DMSI0N and OZARK
ACTlON) INe. is hereby modified as follows:

This modificatiol'ichaag~ the following:

1. The CommunityEmpowerment Collabotatm.npr.ojecf is chan,gintOzark County to Wright County.

2 The Central Ozatks QiMisSQuri Development Project is changfug Benchmark No. 3 as [0110'\0\15:
"Feasibility Study Workgroup will assist in working with U.S. Parks Service and gontractingwith
ettitside consultants to complete the timeline for the completed Feasibility Study by June 30, 20 IO.
(Study begun.) (Benchmark 3) (January, 2010 and ongoing;)

3. The OAlLow-Income Fresh Food Access Projectisde1eting Ozark County in the amount of $15,000
and is being transferred to the PD mix. The agency is re~ to re-eam the units for the entire $15,000
but will only be paid $11,250 since they were already paid $3,750.

There is no change to the total contract amount.

This amendment shall beeffectiveon September 1,2010. AIi·qther terms and conditions of the contract, or any
amendments thereto, shall remain unchanged. In witness thereof, the Division and the Provider hereby execute
this amendment.

Date
 Page 760

Central MO. Ozarks Development Project Implementation Plan:

ARRA- FY '09

m. Strategic Marketing Campaign completed; content generated and distributed to

multiple outlets. (Marketing campaign completed and results compiled.)
(September, 2010.)

--,
 Page 761

NOTE: These are Matt Meacham's notes for a presentation

entitled "Migration from the Missouri Ozarks to the Gateway
City and Its Impact upon American Roots Music," which he
presented during the 2010 Missouri State University-West
Plains Ozarks Studies Symposium on September 25. Matt's
research on this subject is ongoing, and he hopes to make it
the basis of articles to be submitted to both an online blog
about rural American culture and an academic journal within
the near future.

--- A recurring theme in narratives about American vernacular

music is the impact that economically motivated migration from
rural places to more populated places has had upon music.

--- The history of American roots music over the past century is
full of stories in which people from rural America - often the rural
South - move to cities either within or beyond the region to find
work. And, in the process, they go from settings that have rich <:>

musical traditions and lively local musical networks but limited

opportunities to benefit commercially from music to settings in
which they're able to reach much larger audiences with their music
through radio, recordings, performances in larger venues, etc.

--- So, economically motivated migration from the country to the

city has played a significant role in developing commercial, media-
.transmitted musics from vernacular, aurally transmitted musics -
or, in more recent decades, moving musicians from lower to
.higher market levels.

--- We might think of iconic blues musicians like Muddy Waters,

Howlin' Wolf, and John Lee Hooker, whose recording careers
took off when they moved from rural Mississippi to places such as
1
 Page 762

Chicago and Detroit as participants in the Great African-American

Migration in 1940s and '50s.

--- We might think of Bill Monroe and his brothers, who left their
home in west-central Kentucky in the late '20s to find work in the
industrial Indiana suburbs of Chicago, where they gained access to
radio programs aimed at both rural Midwesterners and fellow
migrants from the rural South.

--- Musicians such as Merle Haggard and Buck Owens also come
to mind; they moved from the Southern Plains and the Southwest
to the Bakersfield, California, area, where dance halls and taverns
frequented by other migrants from those regions provided outlets
for their music.

--- However, not all of these stories of rural-to-urban migration

and its musical impact involve moving such long distances from
home. Some of the most influential early country musicians were
people who had moved to textile mill towns in the Piedmont of
the Carolinas either from the surrounding countryside or from
relatively nearby locations in Appalachia. Charlie Poole and the
Dixon Brothers fit into that category. One of our own Ozarks
historians, Patrick Huber of Missouri S & T in Rolla, recently
published a book about this called Linthead Stomp.

--- Similarly, several prominent bluegrass and country musicians

came from families who moved from eastern Kentucky or east
Tennessee to industrial centers in southern and central Ohio such
as Dayton and Columbus to find work but often returned home to
visit and maintained family and community ties there. The
Osborne Brothers, Red Allen, and Frank Wakefield - all influential

2
 Page 763

bluegrass musicians - fit that description, and so does country

musician Dwight Yoakam.

--- So, in some instances, symbiotic musical relationships

developed between rural places in the Upland South and cities
either within or just beyond the Upland South.

--- A very similar narrative is that of traditional musicians from the

Ozarks of southeast and south-central Missouri who moved to the
St. Louis area and consequently influenced music-making there
and beyond. That story, however, hasn't been told nearly as often
as the ones I've already mentioned. In fact, I don't think I've ever
encountered any scholarship or journalism on country or bluegrass
music that has specifically identified a symbiotic musical
relationship between the eastern Missouri Ozarks and St. Louis,
but there really does seem to be one, and it's had a significant
impact on American roots music. (Certainly, the roles of both the
Missouri Ozarks and greater St. Louis in the careers of particular
musicians have been discussed in print, but I don't recall ever
reading any discussions that identify a definite musical relationship
between the two places comparable to the relationship between
eastern Kentucky and the industrial cities of downstate Ohio, for
instance.)

--- So, today I'd like to discuss various aspects of the musical
connections between the eastern Missouri Ozarks and the St.
Louis area, starting with several of the most prominent musicians
whose formations and careers were influenced by those
connections ...

--- John Hartford - familiar with him?

3
 Page 764

--- Brief overview of Hartford's career - mention "Gentle on My

Mind," "Aereo- Plain," "Down from the Mountain"

--- Grew up in STL, came from a middle- to upper-class family,

father was a physician who taught medicine at Wash U, but had
family ties to rural mid-Missouri; parents liked traditional music
and dancing, so he was exposed to it early in life; one of his
formative experiences was hearing a recording of Flatt & Scruggs
on I<MOX radio in STL on a show hosted by Roy Queen, whom
we'll discuss more later on; he took up banjo and fiddle and started
seeking out traditional musicians in STL area, many of whom
turned out to be people who'd moved there from the Ozarks of
southeast and south-central MO for employment

--- Discuss Hamilton Ironworks

--- Discuss "Goforth's Dusty Miller" and "Dusty Miller Hornpipe

and Fugue in A Major for Strings, Brass, and 5-String Banjo" -
play 'em

--- Some of the musicians from whom Hartford learned while

growing up in STL still visited their homes in the Ozarks regularly
and remained involved in music-making there, so Hartford was
drawn into musical networks that extended into the Ozarks, and
he often traveled w/ those musicians to Crawford, Dent, and
Shannon counties to perform

--- Discuss Ozark Mountain Trio (w/Don Brown and Norman

Ford); play examples from http://www.johnhartford.orgl.

--- The Dillards

4
 Page 765

--- Brief overview of career - beginnings in Salem; moved to L.A.

in 1962, were almost immediately signed to Elektra, then Andy
Griffith Show; influential in BG, then country-rock

--- What's their connection to the STL area? Parents met and
began their married life in East STL before moving to Dent
County, where mother was from. Father, Homer "Pop" Dillard
was from Burns, Tennessee, northwest of Nashville. Mother was
originally from Dent County; her name was Lorene Solomon, was
a descendant of the Pettigrew family, who were early settlers in the
New Hope community just south of Salem (according to Ken
Fiebelman). Interesting that parents were from two different
places wlin the Upland South and met in East STL. Brothers
grew up wi traditional music from both places.

--- Jay Farrar - familiar wIhim?

--- Overview of Farrar's career - Belleville,Uncle Tupelo, No

Depression, Son Volt, solo

--- Play one or two examples - maybe "Anodyne," "Steal the

Crumbs," "No More Parades," "Feel Free," "Jukebox of Steel"

--- Family ties to Dent County - James "Pops" Farrar ("Memory

Music: Songs and Stories from the Merchant Marine"); Farrar
family - sisters married brothers - one branch gravitated toward
STL, the other Salem area

--- Several brothers active in music in STL area; Larry Farrar (and
possibly others in Salem area)

5
 Page 766

Roy Queen - from Pilot Knob (Iron County); appeared on

I<MOX as both a performer and an announcer/DJ; was active as a
musician in the STL - Roy Queen and His Ozark Mountaineers;
Roy Queen and the Brush Apes

--- Play segment from I<ETC "Living St. Louis"

Cedar Hill/Frank Ray

--- Play festival clip

--- Frank Ray - comments on California Bluegrass Association

website ("Hooked on BG"):

"Wow, it takes a couple minutes for me to realize that being

hooked on bluegrass is something that might not be naturally inate
and common to all mankind. If not to all mankind, I think that I
might have been genetically predestined to be hooked on
Bluegrass. I grew up in a home where dad and an uncle played
almost exclusively Jimmie Rogers and Bill Monroe. Being from a
long line of Ozarkians, the radio was used to tune in the "Grand
Ole Opry" on saturday nights. Then in the later fifties and early
sixties the Dillards had a radio program on saturday morning called
"Hickory Holler Time", out of Salem, Mo., not far from my home
town near Eminence, Mo .. During those years I played guitar and
experimented with other kinds of music depending upon what the
people I was playing with were into. If I had to recall a specific
moment that hooked me for good, it would probably be the
saturday night that Benny Martin and Red Rector played at the
Raymondville school house about 25 miles from home. Just the
two of them, but man the music they made was enough to reel me
in for good. I felt very fortunate, because not much more than a
6
------------------------------------- ----,

Page 767

good banjo throwaway from home were a pretty good number of

good bluegrassers. The hills and hollers around that part of the
Ozarks was home to the Dillards, John Hartford, the great
bluegrass fiddler Gene Goforth whom John Hartford learned
many tunes and would mention him frequently, Ken Seaman of
the Patriots, the Bressler Brothers, Jim Orchard, and defmately one
of our all time greats from our area was Don Brown ( I own Don's
old Loar F-S mandolin now). I know there are no doubt more that
I will think of and later say, I should have mentioned this one or
that one. Due to the popularity of Bluegrass in that part of the
country, the greats like Bill Monroe, Flatt & Scruggs, Ralph &
Carter Stanley, Reno & Smiley,Jimmy Martin, and many others
would visit fairly often to playa school house or even better was
an old show building in Eminence that Ken Seaman's dad Carl,
converted into our own country music theatre. It was called "The
Current River Opry", and it still is somewhat active today though it
has moved into the VFW hall in Summersville, Mo. these days. It
was The powerful mournful whale of Ralph Stanley, and the blusey
heartfelt music Bill Monroe was able to coax out of his mandolin
that I heard from the front row in those days that set me on the
irreversable course and caused me to be hopelessly hooked on
bluegrass."

--- Some (not all, but some) of the specific local music venues,
activities, traditions, etc. to which Frank Ray refers still exist, still
are active - can be viewed as cultural resources to be conserved,
sustained, promoted

7
 Page 768

Traditional artistic activity in the Ozarks of south-central and southeast Missouri reflects various
aspects of the region's historical geography, including its settlement patterns, residents' relationship
with their natural environment, and the region's relative geographic isolation and its economic
implications.

The phase of the region's settlement history that has had the most prevalent influence upon
traditional artistic activity here is the extension of the pattern of Anglo/Celtic-American migration
that largely defined the Upland South into the Missouri Ozarks in the first half of the 19th century.
Many of the region's vernacular artistic traditions belong decidedly to the Upland South. These
include the tradition of string music that encompasses what is now described as "old-time" music, as
well as the more recent musical genres of bluegrass and traditions country music; the music of
Evangelical Protestant church traditions, including Southern gospel, country gospel, and the
traditions of white spirituals and folk hymnody that predate gospel music; square dance and jig
dance traditions; a wide variety of material arts and crafts, ranging from furniture making to basketry
to quilting; rural Upland Southern foodways; and verbal art and oral literature of various kinds.
Other ethnic communities that have settled in this region throughout its history have also made their
marks upon the artistic traditions already mentioned and contributed some of their own. These
include the Cherokee, Osage, and other Native American communities, African-Americans, the
French Colonial legacy, German-Americans, and a variety of more recent immigrant populations.

Many of the folk artistic traditions found here reflect residents' knowledge and use of the region's
natural resources. This region is known for its handmade turkey call traditions, as well as gardening
(including heirloom seeds), independent farming, hunting, and preparation oflocally produced or
obtained foods. Some of the region's artistic traditions that are closely linked to the natural world
serve to distinguish the culture of this region within that of the Upland South as a whole. These
include the traditions of johnboat building, paddle making, fish gigging, and archery fishing that
developed from residents' efforts to make the most of the region's streams and rivers, including the
Current, the Jacks Fork, the Eleven Point, and the North Fork of the White.

In many instances, skills and activities that we now describe as traditional arts developed not for
artistic reasons but for entirely practical ones: quilting, gardening, hunting, training of mules and
horses, boat building, blacksmithing - the list could go on. They have been conserved and sustained
here to a greater extent than in many other regions of the country for various reasons, one of the
foremost being the region's relative geographic isolation throughout much of its history. This
comparative isolation limited the degree to which external influences could make an impact upon
the culture of this region, and it also limited the quantities and kinds of goods and services available
here, rendering many traditional crafts practical necessities here even after they had been replaced by
other technologies and methods in many other places. Though the economy here has become much
more diversified since the mid-20th century, many such components of the region's folklife are still
conserved and valued because of their cultural significance, and aesthetics have overtaken
functionality as the primary motivation for ongoing activity within many of these traditions (though
many of their practitioners will hasten to point out the functional worth of their products and
practical advantages that they offer over mass-produced, commodified alternatives).
Material for arts council newsletter Page 769 Page 1 of 1

Material for arts council newsletter

Meacham, Matthew W
Sent: Saturday, April 10, 20103:44 AM

To: Marideth G Sisco [yarnspinner2010@centurylink.net]

Attachments: OZARKS HERITAGE PROJECT - N1.doc (34 KB) ; Brief discussion of At the=Ldoc (23 KB)

Hi, Marideth. Many thanks for agreeing to visit with my folklore class on the 28th -- very much
appreciated.

I've attached our brief summary/prospectus-type thing about the Ozarks Heritage Project. Please use all
or any part of it, whether verbatim or paraphrased, in the arts council newsletter as you see fit. I've also
attached a brief report on our participation in the "At the Crossroads" conference. (It's rather vague and
not very exciting, but it's the best I could do this late/early.)

Please let me know if you have any questions or need anything else. I'll be gone on a field trip with the
folklore students most of the day, but I'll be back by early evening, and you can get me on my cell phone in
any case -- 372-3177.

Thanks!

Matt

https:/lbearmail.missouristate.edulowa/?ae= Item&t=IPM.Note&id=RgAAAAAseng08cHl... 8116/2010

 Page 770

SPRING 2010

WPCA announces formation
of Ozarks Heritage Project.
See details below.
Call for Proposals for Fourth
Ozarks Studies Symposium
Submissions deadline
June 4
Symposium, Sept. 23·25
Page 2
Kelli Albin puts her gorgeous Community Band Concert
"Destinations" photos on view April 26 at Civic Center
May 8 -16 at Gal/ery at the Theater.
Center.
Page 4

THE OZARKS HERITAGE PROJECT: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION

The Ozarks Heritage Project, begun in December
2009, is a collaboration between the West Plains
Council on the Arts (WPCA), Ozark Action, Inc.
(OAI), a community action agency (both WPCA and
AI are 501 (c)3 entities) and Missouri State
iiversity - West Plains. This venture unites
. JPCA's long-term commitment to the sustainability
of regional folk culture with OAI's objectives of
fostering economic opportunity, environmental
sustainability, and improving the quality of life within
our region. The university strives to further a
mutually beneficial relationship between the world of
higher education and the cultural region it serves.
The Ozarks Heritage Project includes Ripley,
Oregon, Carter, Shannon, Dent, Texas, Howell,
Wright, Douglas, and Ozark counties.
The Ozarks Heritage Project is made possible by
funding from the federal American Recovery and
Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funds received from
the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
(HHS) provided by the Missouri Department of
Social Services, Family Support Division. The funds
received from the Family Support Division are all
federally funded. Additionally, WPCA has received
ARRA funding with an "Arts Transform Missouri"
grant from the Missouri Arts Council, funded by the
National Endowment for the Arts. Missouri State
University-West Plains is collaborating by providing
access to university personnel to fill key positions.
The Ozarks Heritage Project's plan calls for
accomplishing three specific goals over the course of
"""~funding period: the initiation of a feasibility study
for linking cultural conservation with economic
opportunity in our region. One option being
considered is the attainment of a National Heritage
Area designation incorporating the counties in our
project area. This feasibility study will represent a
. major step forward in a process started more than
five years ago by WPCA with funding from the
National Endowment for the Arts. A second goal is
the development of a website that will serve as a
comprehensive source of information about artistic
activity, cultural resources, and cultural tourism
opportunities within our region. There are, of course,
many online sources of information about these
subjects, but there is no single website that presents
this knowledge in a systematic, integrated way;
consequently, our cultural region's "Web presence" is
fragmented. We hope to remedy this situation by
creating a website that will give potential visitors
(and potential purchasers of cultural products
from this region) a more comprehensive
understanding of what the region has to offer. In
doing so, we will look to the websites of existing
National Heritage Areas, cultural trails, and
regional tourism programs as potential models.
The third goal is to develop and begin
implementing strategies for marketing the work
of regional traditional artists and promoting the
region as a potential destination for cultural
tourists, and culturally engaged prospective
retirees, especially those of the "Baby Boom"
generation.

WPCA NEWSLETTER

SPRING 2010
""inter's Bone movie
screening at Glass Sword
Based on the novel by W.P. author
Daniel Woodrell, the award-winning
'Winter's Bone" will be screened at
5 and 7 p.m. May 13 at the Glass
Sword Cinema on Jan Howeard
Expressway in West Plains.
The movie features many local and
regional performers, including
Dennis Crider and Marideth Sisco.
Proceeds from ticket sales will go to
WPCA. The 7 p.m. showing is $10,
with music before and a O&A
session with Director Debra Granik
and cast members following. There
will also be a panel discussion
afterward on methamphetamine
effects on Ozarks culture
WPCA gives Conference
°resentation on Ozarks
r/eritage Project
March 25 and 26, WPCA
President Kathleen Morrissey and
folklorist Matt Meacham discussed
the Ozarks Heritage Project at
"At the Crossroads: A Community
Arts and Development Convening,"
hosted by the St. Louis Regional
Arts Commission and Community
Arts Training Institute. The
conference featured presentations,
group discussions, lectures, and
workshops addressing a wide
variety of topics and issues
pertaining to the facilitation and
public presentation of arts within
communities. Representatives of
many non-profit and public-sector
arts organizations from Missouri to
Nigeria discussed projects,
programs, and initiatives in which
they are involved that are aimed at
fostering public engagement with
the arts and linking artistic activity
with community service, public life,
ind economic development.
WPCA NEWSLETTER
Page 771
Call for Proposals \
\
The fourth annual Missouri State University-West Plains
Ozarks Studies Symposium,
September 23-25, 2010
Theme: "Telling Stories"
Deadline for submission: June 4, 2010
Please see the symposium website,
http://ozarksymposium.wp.missouristate.edu,
for updates.
The Ozarks Studies Committee of Missouri State University-West Plains
seeks proposals for contributions to its fourth annual symposium. The
symposium will take place September 23-25, 2010, in West Plains, Missouri.
The theme will be ''Telling Stories." Scholars, professionals, and
students representing any discipline or field are invited to propose
presentations consistent with this theme. For purposes of this symposium,
''the Ozarks" is defined broadly to encompass much of Missouri and
Arkansas and adjacent portions of Oklahoma, Kansas, and Illinois.
The theme for the 2010 symposium is intended to accommodate
consideration of a wide variety of topics and themes. Prospective
presenters are encouraged to interpret the theme with considerable latitude
and creativity; in this context, the word "telling" could be interpreted as either
a verb or an adjective. Presentations that relate or discuss stories - fiction,
non-fiction, or syntheses of both - about any and all aspects of life in the
Ozarks would be appropriate, as would presentations examining any
dimension of the roles of narrative and rhetoric within the culture(s) of the
region. The committee hopes that this theme will lend itself to presentations
in numerous disciplines and fields, including literature, history, economics,
anthropology, sociology, folklore, religion, visual and material arts, music,
and physical and biological sciences.
Each presenter will be allotted 30 minutes; presenters will be asked to limit
their prepared presentations to approximately 20 to 25 minutes to allow time
for questions and discussion. Presentations may take the form of
conventional conference papers or any other form suitable for such a
symposium. Proposals should be approximately 250 to 300 words in length
and should include a preliminary summary of the content of the proposed
presentation and any audio-visual or other technological requirements.
They should also include the submitter's name, institutional affiliation (if
applicable), and complete contact information.
Proposals should be sent to:
Leigh Adams, Assistant Professor of English, 128 Garfield Avenue, West
Plains, MO 65775, or LeighAdams@MissouriState.edu. Proposals must be
received by June 4, 2010 to be given full consideration.
2
 Page 772

SPRING 2010

.~
:elli Albin photos to be featured in Gallery at the Center exhibit
"Destinations" -- photographs by Kelti Albin will be on exhibit at The
Gallery at the Center, on the mezzanine of the West Plains Civic
Center, from May 8 through May 16, 2010. A Meet-the Artist reception
will be held on Saturday, May 8 at 10 am on the mezzanine. The
exhibition is co-sponsored by the West Plains Council on the Arts and the
West Plains Civic Center, and is made possible with funding from the
Missouri Arts Council, a state agency.
In her artist's statement Kelti says, "Photography and travel are my
passions, so I have combined them to create this photo exhibit,
Destinations.
"When I went to Italy with the Plains Singers several years ago, the
ancient buildings fascinated me. I loved the texture and color of them.
Because extended families lived together and there was no room to build
out, they always built up. Each floor was a home to a different generation
of the family. I loved to see the windows open with the curtains wafting
out with the breeze. I liked to imagine what it must be like to live in that
room just inside the window.
"In Destin, Florida as a sponsor for the Dora School senior trip, I would
go out every morning at sunrise to take photos ... walking along the beach
waiting for the sun to tip above the hotel rooftop. We sailed on a
Catamaran, and I was mesmerized by the stark white of the sales against
the brilliant blue of the sky, the shadows playing along the sail as the sun
shone through.
"In New Mexico, hiking down canyons and up mesas, texture compelled
me. All around was the texture of the rock, whether it was the outcropping
of mesas, boulders nearby, or the scrubby grass with a tiny desert flower
clutched within."
A West Plains native, Kelli Albin gradated
from West Plains High School in 1984. She
majored in Commercial Art at Oral Roberts
University and graduated in 1987. She earned
teaching certificates in Art and Special Reading
from MSU-West Plains, and has received her
Masters Degree in Elementary Education. Albin
has taught at West Plains Elementary and Howell
Valley School, and is currently teaching K-12 at
Dora schools, in addition to teaching evening
classes at MSU-West Plains.
The exhibit will be open during regular civic
center hours - 8AM to 8PM Monday through
Friday, IPM to 5PM Saturday and Sunday.

In Memorium:

Memorial Contributions have been made to

I the WPCA in memory of Coralee Fukasawa
I by: Dorothy P. Oehrle, Marjorie S. Dougan, i
Marquitta S. Miller. Matthew M.eacham and
'I! I
Photographs by Kelli Albin Kathleen Morrissey
,

WPCA NEWSLETTER 3
 Page 773

SPRING 2010

w. P. Community Band annual spring concert April 26

/

The annual spring concert of the West Plains Community Band will be 7 p.m. Monday, April 26, at the West Plains Civic
Center theater.
The concert, hosted by the Missouri State University-West Plains University/Community Programs (U/CP) Department,
will feature a variety of traditional concert band music, organizers said. Admission is free.
Musical selections will include "Lassus Trombone" by Henry Fillmore, a wonderful scored ragtime march written in the
early 1900s that features the trombone section; the "Third Suite" by composer RobertJager, a very challenging selection that
features the entire ensemble; and the Civil War era march "Washington Grays March" by Claudio Grafulla that was written in
the late l800s. In addition, the band will feature the piece "Ghost Fleet" by Robert Sheldon as a tribute to the
recommissioning of the USS Missouri currently anchored in Hawaii, organizers said.
"This is a concert you will not want to miss," said U/CP Theatre and Events Coordinator Kathleen Morrissey. Founded in
2006, the West Plains Community Band provides the citizens of West Plains and surrounding communities an opportunity for
instrumental musical performances after high schooL The ensemble's focus is the rehearsal and performance of concert band
literature. The band also seeks to advance local school band programs through student involvement and performances. "Our
goal is to revitalize the love for music and interest in playing an instrument," said the band's directors, Rocky Long and Allyson
Byrd.
The West Plains Community Band meets once a week from September to May. Rehearsals are 6 to 7: 15 p.m. every Monday
in the West Plains High School band room off Olden Street. The band receives support from the West Plains Council on the
Arts. For more information about the band, call 417-256-6150, ext. 4315, or visit www.zizzers.org/band.
For more information about the band's April 27 performance, contact the University/Community Programs office at
417-255-7966.

~VrCA NEWSLETTER Presort

NON-PROFIT ORG.
Po. Box 339
U.S. POSTAGE PAID
TH~stPlains, }\10 65775 West Plains, MO
rVPCA receiuesfundingfrom the Missoui: Arls
Permit No. 9
Council. a stale agclll)!

A
W Missouri
Arts Coundl

4
 Page 774

The Antique Tractor Show.com and The Ozark Heritage Welcome Center; in
cooperation with The City of West Plains, MO & The Heart of the Ozarks Fair Board invite you to ...

BRING TRACTORS, SEE TRACTORS!

BE A P RT OF HISTORY!
Celebrate Antique Tractor Preservation Day - Sept. 23, 2010
As designated by Jeremiah W. (Jay) Nixon, Governor of the State of Missouri

ADMIT The Ozark HeritageWeicome Center

2999 Porter Wagoner Blvd., West Plains, MO 65775
Thurs., Sept. 23 -10:00a to 7:00p
Proclamation Presentation at 1:OOp

EVERYONE

",0 ADMISSION FEE•••FUN FOR THE WHOLE FAMILYI

Srljoythe~~~i,.stQ,qYc()~AutLJmn with Entertainment, Refreshments,
.~'"",',,"<"-": ;"Yl~¥S;
Face Painting and Mor~k " ,
J?'Special Thanks To:
mter 11II The City of West Plains, MO g The Heartofthe OzarksFalr Board
: ::;: ' Supporting Area Businesses
:~onhe Ozarks Ferguson Enthusiasts Ozarks Older Iron CILib
M?uhtain Home, AR of North America (FENA) Branch 28 EDGE & TA; Cabool, MO

~tHeDay •••Stay for the Weekend!

O;l!tHometown Hospitality and Abundant Activities!
For lodging & Tourism
Information, Visit:
The Ozark Heritage Welcome Center

Attendees agree to indemnify, defend, and hold harmless The Antique Tractor snow.corn, The Ozark Heritage Welcome Center, The City of West Plains, MO, its affiliates, sponsors, trustees,
officers, agents, and employees from and against any and all claims, suits, or causes of action of Vv'hatsoever nature and kind arising out of or resulting from: personal injury, illness; loss of
property; or losses or damages that occur during Antique Tractor Preservation Day event actlvhles. Attendees authorize The Antique Tractor Show.com, The Ozark Heriiage Welcome Center, The
City of West Plains, MO to photograph and use [still and vide01 images, ineJudingwritten and oral reflections, for promotional purposes [print and elecfronlcl and future tourism and event materials,
 Page 775

WEST PLAINS, Mo. - "Telling Stories" is the theme of the fourth annual Ozar s Studies
Symposium set for Sept. 23-26 at the West Plains Civic Center.
The event will celebrate and examine the distinctive culture of the Ozarks. It will fncompass

presentations and performances by representatives of the academic world and the public and private

sectors addressing various aspects of life in the Ozarks, It is being sponsored by rhe IMissouri State

University-West Plains academic affairs office and the West Plains Council on the Js. The event is

made possible with generous funding from the Missouri Arts Council, a state agencyJ the Missouri

Humanities Council; and the National Endowment for the Humanities. Admission j free and open
to all.

Lei~h Ad~s, a~sistant professor of English at Missouri State-~e~t Plains and 0,n9 of the eve~t ,
orgaruzers, said this year's theme was chosen for several reasons. First, we knew ]Orey Stones,
the Smithsonian/Museum

year's symposium,
the symposium,"
and we wanted to support that because it connects with what we
she explained.
r
on Main Street exhibit, would be here at the Harlin Museum during this

to do with
"But we also chose the theme because it also could be interpreted

as 'stories that tell' - stories the reveal who we are and what we are as a culture. The lariety of

presentations scheduled reveals this was a good theme for this year's event."

The symposium will begin with an opening reception from 5 to 7 p.m. Thursday, lept. 23, at the

Harlin Museum, 505 Worcester St. Sponsored by the West Plains Council on the Arls, the reception

will give those attending the opportunity to view the "Journey Stories" exhibit. A j1 session will

take place at the museum beginning at 7. The jam session will emphasize old-time, bJuegrass, and

traditional country music, but musicians of any stylistic orientation and any level of technical ability

will be welcome to participate.

The keynote address will be given at 3:50 p.m. Friday, Sept. 24, by Bonnie Stepeno f, professor of
history at Southeast Missouri State University in Cape Girardeau. Her presentation is entitled

"History and Story: Big Spring Autumn." Stepenoff believes that the elements of a good story are

the same in history and in fiction, although historical accounts have to be factually true. She will
discuss how, in writing history, authors often discover truths about themselves, as she did while

writing about Depression Era workers at Big Spring in the eastern Missouri Ozarks. Stepenoff is a
...
specialist in American social history, women's history and labor history, and is the author of five

books, including Big Spring Autumn: A Journal (Truman State University Press, 2008).

Several other scheduled presentations may be of particular interest to area residents, Adams said.
They include the following:
 Page 776

• "How Forrestina Campbell Became White River Red" by Susan Young, outreach coordinator at

Shiloh Museum of Ozark History in Springdale, Ark., from 10:25 to 11 a.m. Friday, Sept. 24.

Forrestina Campbell was born in Louisiana in 1891, grew up in Hannibal, Mo., and spent most of

her adult life in northwest Arkansas, where she died in 1973. But who she was depended on who

was telling her story, according to Young. Campbell was known as a generous woman with

mysterious wealth who took a special interest in stray animals and forgotten people, as well as the

carnival worker White River Red who cussed a blue streak, dressed like a man and carried a .45

caliber pistol on her hip. The presentation will explore both the folklore and the facts of her story.
• "Stories Through Pictutes: Showing Religious Communities' Commonalities Through

Photographs" by Mara W. Cohen Ioannides, an instructor in the English Department at Missouri

State University-Springfield, from 12:20 to 12:55 p.m. Friday, Sept. 24. The presentation will
examine the impact of the Seeing Traditions photography exhibition, which was displayed in the Meyer

Library on the Springfield campus for three months, on its viewers. The exhibit, part of the Telling

Traditions Proiect funded in part by the Missouri Arts Council Folk Arts Program, is designed to
document the legacy and preserve the living traditions of the Ozarks' Jews. The presentation
examines the most commented-on images in the exhibition, seen with a PowerPoint presentation;

~', what was said about them; and what exhibition visitors learned about Jews in the Ozarks and

themselves. Adams pointed out a companion exhibit can be seen on the civic center mezzanine

from Sept. 20 through Oct. 3.

• A panel discussion entitled "A Century of Change in South-Central Missouri Agriculture" from

2 to 3 p.m. Friday, Sept. 24. It will focus on major transformations in agriculture in this region in

the past 100 years and their social and economic effects.

• "The Amazing Story of the 1912 Ozark Dawg Song War, with an Account Ranging from Local

Skirmishes to Global Conflict" by Dr. Sue Attalla, associate professor of English/ developmental
studies at Tulsa Community College, Tulsa, Okla., from 9 to 9:35 a.m, Saturday, Sept. 25. The

presentation will take a look at the 1912 hit song "They Gotta Quit Kickin' My Dawg Aroun'," a

silly ditty recounting the tale of a "hillbilly" and his houn' dawg abused by "townies," that sparked a
statewide, national and international debate over its true origins.

• "Legends of Our Hillbilly Selves: Outlaw Mistique in Daniel Woodrell's Give Us a Kiss by Dr.
Craig Albin, professor of English at Missouri State-West Plains, from 9:35 to 10:10 a.m. Saturday,
Sept. 25. In this examination ofWoodrell's 1996 "country noir" novel, Albin will examine the way
the book's narrator, Doyle Redmond, negotiates between his public self as a writer and his private
 Page 777

self as a member of a clan of Ozarks outlaws. The presentation also will examine how Redmond's

narrative reveals the power and influence of storytelling in outlaw psychology and focus on the way
certain family stories, or their interpretation, lead to Redmond's deterministic sense of fate and his

willingness to become that fate.

• "Not So Plain Pictures" by Jan Roddy, associate professor in the Department of Cinema and
Photography at Southern Illinois University-Carbondale, from 3:30 to 4:05 p.m. Saturday, Sept. 25.

Combining short poetic prose pieces and visual images, Roddy will show several short digital

cinema/video pieces to weave a sense of people and place relative to the Ozark region. The title

derives from a saying of Roddy'S aunts that a particular photograph was "a plain picture," meaning

one could clearly see the people and place in the image.
Additional presentations include the following:

"Justice Justin Ruark and the Ozark Image in Law" by Dr. Michael Dougan, Professor Emeritus

of History, Arkansas State University in Jonesboro (Friday, 9:10 AM); "Sharing a Glass: Moonshine

and Community in the Ouachita Mountains" by J. Brett Adams, Professor of History, Collin

College-Preston Ridge Campus (Friday, 9:50 AM); "Beyond Tourist Poetry: Learning How to Live,

Write, and Teach in the Missouri Ozarks" by Dr. Jane Hoogestraat, Professor of English, Missouri

State University in Springfield (Friday, 11:10 AM); "A Reading from Roc~ Comfort' by Wayne

Holmes, author and Professor Emeritus of English, Drury University (Friday, 11 :45 AM); "Buried

Histories: Telling Tales from the Grave" by Dawn Stricklin, doctoral student in anthropology,

Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (Friday, 3:00 PM);

"Migration from the Missouri Ozarks to the Gateway City and Its Impact upon American Roots

Music" by Matt Meacham, folklorist, West Plains Council on the Arts and Ozark Action, Inc.

(Saturday, 10:10 AM); "Ballad Genres in the Ozarks" by Julie Henigan, folklorist and cultural

scholar, Springfield, MO (Saturday, 11:00 AM); "Deconstructing Evangelicalism: The Postmodern

Turn, the Emerging Church, and the Ozarks" by Matthew Gallion, student in religious studies,

Missouri State University in Springfield (Saturday, 11:35 AM); a panel discussion entitled "The

Storyteller's Craft and the Regional Historian's Craft" (Saturday, 1:45 PM); ''Winter/Spring

Precipitation in Northern Arkansas and the Risk of Decreasing Reptilian biodiversity by Rapid

Reservoir Inundation: A Classic Story of the Eastern Collared Lizard, Crotaphytus collaris" by Stan

Trauth, Professor of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University in Jonesboro (Saturday, 2:55

Pl\1).
Three of this year's presenters, Albin, Roddy, and Hoogestraat, also have had pieces published in
 Page 778

the university's literary journal Elder Mountain: A Journal ofOzarks Studies, Adams pointed out. The
symposium served as inspiration for the journal and helps to preserve some of the information

presented at the symposium each year, she explained.

Missouri State-West Plains published the first volume of the journal in spring 2009 and the

second volume this past summer. Copies of both will be available for purchase for $10 each at the

symposium, as well as at Drago College Store on the Missouri State-West Plains campus, she added.
The symposium will conclude with an "informance" (a performance with contextual commentary)

entitled "The Many Sides of Shape Notes" from 4:30 to 6 p.m. Saturday, Sept. 25. The presentation

will encompass various branches of and styles within the tradition of shape-note singing. "The

Many Sides of Shape-Notes" is funded by a generous grant awarded to the West Plains Council on
the Arts by the Missouri Folk Arts Program.

For more information about the symposium, including a full schedule of events, visit the website,

http://ozarksymposium.wp.missouristate.edu/' or search Facebook for "Ozarks Studies

Symposium."
 Page 779

NOTE: The following are portions of the regionally focused exhibit that we
created to complement the Smithsonian/Museum on Main Street Journey
Stories exhibit. These pages have been resized and reformatted somewhat.

Nineteenth-Century Migration
of Anglo-Americans
from the Upland South
Whenever an empty territory undergoes settlement or an earlierpopulation is dislodged Iry invaders, the
specific characteristics of thefirst group able to effed a viable, seff-perpetuating society, are of crucial
significancefor the later social and cultural geography of the area.

--- The Doctrine of First Effective Settlement,

according to cultural geographer Wilbur Zelinsky

The "first group able to effect a viable, self-perpetuating society" that persists today
here in the Missouri Ozarks consisted of Anglo-American migrants who arrived in the
early to middle decades of the 19th century. Their arrival here represented a continuation
of the general pattern of migration that largely defined Upland Southern culture. That
pattern of migration, beginning in the second half of the 18th century, extended
southwestward from southern Pennsylvania through the major valleys of Appalachia,
incorporating people who migrated westward from points east within Maryland,
Virginia, and the Carolinas. Over time, it continued along major river valleys, such as
those of the Ohio and the Tennessee, eventually reaching the Mississippi River. It
resulted in a blending of ethnicities, including Scots-Irish, Scottish, English, and
German, and the development of what is now called Upland Southern culture.

Anglo-Americans, predominantly from Tennessee and Kentucky but also from

other parts of the Upland South, pressed westward into the Missouri Ozarks by various
routes, many of them crossing the Mississippi near Cape Girardeau and proceeding to
the federal land office at Jackson. They were preceded by the Colonial French, as well
as by various Native American groups whom, in many cases, they repressed or
uprooted. They were followed by migrants from other parts of the United States and
people of various nationalities and ethnicities. Nonetheless, the "specific characteristics"
of these settlers who followed the Upland Southern pattern of migration into the
Missouri Ozarks in the early 1800s remain "of crucial significance for the later social and
cultural geography of the area." Because of the cultural foundations that they
established, this region is very much a part of the Upland South.
 Page 780

Nineteenth-Century Migration of Anglo-Americans

from the Upland South, continued

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Mill::.

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::IIJbrcglonal bour,d;:uy

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Southern Culture Reltons

Maps by Richard Pillsbury from The Enryclopedia of 5 outhem Culture,' ed. Charles Reagan Wilson
and William Ferris (Chapel HilL- University of North Carolina Press, 1989).

Anglo-American settlement proceeded westward from the Mississippi. Anglo-

Americans occupied the fertile valleys within the St. Francois Mountains, extending
 Page 781

to the eastern margins of the Courtois Hills, by 1810. Settlement also advanced
southward from the Missouri River in the first two decades of the 19th century.
Occupation of the Springfield Plain, to the west, by Anglo-Americans began soon
thereafter. However, Anglo-American settlement did not reach the part of the
Missouri Ozarks lying between the Courtois Hills and the Springfield Plain -
our own region - until considerably later. Few settlers arrived in this interior region
of the Missouri Ozarks until the 1840s and '50s, and much of this area was still very
sparsely populated when the Civil War began. Scholar Milton Rafferty attributes the
delayed settlement of this region to "isolation and poverty of resources." The
ruggedness of the terrain made travel to and from the region difficult, and, in
combination with often poor soil quality, hindered commercial agriculture. Because
of the relative lack of commercial farming, slavery was comparatively rare in the
interior Missouri Ozarks, but it was not entirely absent; the West Plains area has long
had an African-American population.
 Page 782

The beautiful but ruggedCourtois

Hills) seen here in a photograph
entitled 7acks Fork Riverfrom Chalk
BluJt tended to inhibit settlement in
JJ

the interior Missouri Ozarks.

Photograph by Chuck Bloomingburg
for the National Park Service)from the
Ozark NationalS cenicRiverways
website:
http:// www.nps.govl ozarl photosmulti
medial index.htm?eid 150365 &aid
=297 &root_aid=297 &sort= title&s
tart&w=37.

Perhaps paradoxically, the same factors that account for this area's
being the most recently settled part of Missouri Ozarks have contributed
largely to its being a place where folk culture has been conserved to a
remarkable degree. Because of its "isolation and poverty of resources,"
this region tended to attract Anglo-American settlers who preferred to
resist the influences of established social and economic networks.
Historian Robert Flanders has described the Current River watershed in
particular as a "perpetuated frontier," where "older ways are not mere
survivals but represent conscious choices maintained in a paradoxical
process of vigorous and intentional cultural conservatism." Because of
that "intentional cultural conservatism," the Ozarks has been described
even in recent decades as a "refugium" for people of all stripes who, for
one reason or another, prefer not to conform to prevailing social trends.
 Page 783

Migration of Other Europeans

and Euro-Am.ericans to
the Missouri Ozarks, Part 1
The Anglo-American Upland Southerners discussed in the preceding panels were not the
first white people to settle in the Missouri Ozarks. Preceding them were the Colonial
French. French colonists migrated southwestward from their settlements on the Great
Lakes and down the Mississippi River beginning in the late 17th century. In the early 18th
century; they began to establish settlements along the western bank of the Mississippi,
including Ste. Genevieve. They continued westward into the Ozarks in pursuit of furs and
the mineral wealth to be found in present-day Washington, St. Francois, and Madison
counties, founding several small mining settlements there. Transfer of French-held
territory west of the Mississippi to Spanish governance in 1762 had little influence on the
culture of the region's white population, which remained predominantly French. Cession of
French territory east of the Mississippi to the English in 1763, however, resulted in an
influx of French Colonial migrants from the Illinois Country into present-day Missouri.
Land grants given by the Spanish to Anglo-Americans in the late 18th century
foreshadowed the major migration of Anglo-American Upland Southerners into the
region that would soon occur. Not long after the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, Anglo-
Americans significantly outnumbered the French in the Missouri Ozarks, and Upland
Southern culture began to eclipse French Colonial culture.

The Bolduc House, Ste. Genevieve, Missouri,jeaturing French Colonial vertical-log construction;photograph f::y
Robert Mueller from the National Trust for Historic Preservation's Dozen Distinctive Destinations website:
http://www.preservationnation.org/travel-and-sites/sites/midwest-region/ste-genevieve-mo-2008.html
 Page 784

Migration of Other Europeans and Euro-Americans to the Missouri Ozarks, Part 1,

continued

German-Americans have also contributed to the culture of the Missouri Ozarks. Some
of the settlers who came to the region via Upland Southern patterns of migration in the early
19th century were partly or largely of German ancestry. Many other people of German
ethnicity arrived as part of the mid-D=-century influx of German immigrants in mid-
America. Many of these immigrants entered the United States at New Orleans and traveled
up the Mississippi on steamboats, but some arrived in New York and traveled over land.
Like the initial Anglo-American Upland Southern settlers, they gravitated to the northern
and eastern sections of the Missouri Ozarks along the Missouri and Mississippi rivers.
A favorable report written in 1829 by Gottfried Duden, an early German settler in the
Missouri River valley west of St. Louis, was widely read in Europe and attracted numerous
German-speaking immigrants to the northern reaches of the Missouri Ozarks. In the late
1830s, the German Settlement Society of Philadelphia acquired land on the south bank of
the Missouri River in Gasconade County and founded Hermann with the intention of
establishing a community where German culture could thrive and be conserved. Around the
same time, immigrants from Saxony (part of the German Confederation) who espoused a
conservative variety of Lutheranism settled near the Mississippi River in eastern Perry
County and were instrumental in establishing the Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod.
Soon thereafter, many German-speaking people arrived in Benton County in the western
Missouri Ozarks, becoming particularly influential in the community of Cole Camp. The
.
-~
\ predominantly German-American community of Freistatt was founded southwest of
Springfield in 1874, and other German-Americans soon arrived from other parts of the
Midwest and Northeast and settled nearby. The population of German-Americans in the
interior Missouri Ozarks is proportionally smaller than those in the northern, eastern, and
western parts of the region, but some German-Americans did settle here in Howell County.
 Page 785

Hermann) Missouri. Photograph from

the Hermann Visitor Information
website:
http://www.hermannmo.com/.

Migration of Other Europeans and

Euro-Americans to the Missouri
Ozarks, Part 1, continued

Another noteworthy migration of

European-bern Americans to this part of
the Missouri Ozarks occurred in 1859.
Father John Joseph Hogan, a Catholic
priest, established a farming community
consisting of poor Irish immigrants
from the St. Louis area near the Eleven
Point River in Oregon County. These
Irish Catholics - not to be confused with
people of Scots- Irish ethnicity, of whom
there are many in this region - had
endured discrimination and struggled
socially and economically, often working
in low-paying, labor-intensive jobs. Father
Hogan wished to help them establish a
self-sustaining agrarian community as
an alternative to the adverse conditions in
which they were living. Unfortunately,
just as the community began to succeed,
the Civil War began, and the Irish families
endured the effects of the often brutal
guerrilla warfare that occurred around
them. By the end of the war, the
community had ceased to exist. Exactly
what happened to its residents has never
 Page 786

Migration of other Europeans

and Euro-Americans to
the Missouri Ozarks, Part 2
After the Civil War, the construction of railroads and towns, as well as the growth of
the mining and timber industries in some areas, drew people from other parts of the
United States, especially the Midwest, to the Missouri Ozarks. Scholar Milton Rafferty
explains, ''By 1890 the lower Middle West had replaced the upper South as the leading
source of immigrants to Missouri."

Immigrants from various parts of Europe also came to the region as railroads were
built from the 1860s through the early 20th century, peaking in the 1870s and '80s. Many
were recruited by railroad companies that wished to establish communities along their newly
constructed lines or by land companies that specialized in locating European immigrants.
Scholar Russel Gerlach writes, "First, the main line of the Frisco [St. Louis-Sari Francisco
Railroad] to the southwest from St. Louis was a major focus of colonization. Second, the
Springfield Plain north to and beyond the border between the Ozarks and the Osage
Plain was a major area of railroad settlement. Finally, several settlements were situated
along the Ozark escarpment in the southeastern part of the state."

_---.." The first major phase of railroad settlement encompassed Danish, Swedish, Austrian,
French, Swiss, and Italian immigrants who settled along the main line of the Frisco in
Franklin, Crawford, Phelps, and Pulaski counties. In the second phase, Germans, Swedes,
French, Bohemians, Moravians, Swiss, and Polish established railroad-oriented
communities in the area extending from the Springfield Plain to the Osage Plain in
southwest Missouri. The third stage of railroad settlement consisted of the founding of
several communities in Butler, Ripley, and Oregon counties by Germans, Hungarians,
Yugoslavians, and Poles.
-~'~f-:iO -;:~' -:;:-~

~~~= ~~~~~~~~~
 Page 787

Ma'!)l European immigrantJwere drawn to the Missouri Ozarks fry the construction of railroads, and a number of
immigrant communities were established along newlY built railroad lines. This map is entitled "Commissioners'
Official R£iilwcryMap of Missouri" and was published fry Higgins & Co. of St. Louis in 1888;from the Library of
Congress's American Memory website: http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?gmd·2:./ tempi ~ammem_xydY::

Mining of lead, iron ore, and other materials in the Mineral Area of southeast Missouri,
the Tri-State Mining District of southwest Missouri, and other locations in the Ozarks was
another impetus for settlement by European immigrants in the late 19th and early 20th
centuries. The community of Sligo in Dent County, for instance, was home to Irish people
who were involved in iron mining and smelting from the 1880s through the 1920s. In 1917,
approximately 700 immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe who had recently
arrived to St. Francois County to work in the lead mining industry were forcibly expelled
from the town of Flat River by native-born miners and residents, who marched them to the
local depot and compelled them to board outgoing trains. Resentment over the hiring of
immigrants led what had begun as a minor scuffle over some wisecracks made by some
immigrant miners to escalate into what is now called the Flat River Riot.

Since the 1960s, the Missouri Ozarks has experienced a substantial influx of Mennonites
and Amish who have migrated here from various parts of North America, especially the
Midwestern United States. Nearby Mennonite communities are located in or near Birch
Tree, Grandin, Summersville, and Mountain Grove. A substantial Amish community is
located near Seymour in Webster County.

Since the 1990s, a substantial number of immigrants from Russia, the Ukraine, and
other former Soviet republics have settled near Pomona here in Howell County. At ,,~
present, about 400 people constitute the predominantly Russian and Ukrainian community
in the Pomona area. Many migrated to this region from the Portland, Oregon, area or from
Alberta, Canada, but some have since come directly from former Soviet republics. "They
came originally to North America for better opportunities for advancement and to find a
place where they could have freedom to practice their religious beliefs without any hindrance
from any oppressive government," explains GilJordan, who conducted field research with
members of this community as part of a folklore class at Missouri State University-West
Plains in 2010. Many of them are Evangelical Christians who practice seventh-day
(Saturday) worship. They work in various occupations; many operate small farms and raise
livestock. They maintain distinctive foodways and vernacular architecture.
 Page 788

Native American Journeys in the Missouri Ozarks, Part 1:

Up to the Louisiana Purchase of 1803
Scholars believe that the people who are known as as Paleo-Indians or Paleoamaricans
migrated from Asia to North America by way of a land mass called Beringia, which is now
covered by the Bering Strait but was then exposed because of low sea levels during the Late
Wisconsin Glacial Period, linking present-day Siberia with present-day Alaska. Paleo-Indians
are believed to have been present in the Ozarks by 12,000 B.C. Evidence suggests that the
earliest groups here were concentrated in the Mississippi and Missouri river valleys. They
were primarily hunters who used weapons made of native chert. They established camps
and villages on hilltops and terraces near sources of water.

A new Native American cultural orientation known as the Dalton culture gradually
emerged in the Ozarks sometime around 8,500 B.C and remained predominant until about
7,000 B.C Changes in climate resulted in a wider variety of natural resources, enabling
Native people to expand their diets. It was during this period that the artifacts known as
Dalton points were developed. Made from chert, they were used as projectile points and
were also refashioned into various tools. The Dalton period in Native American history
eventually gave way to the Archaic period, in which foraging was the principal mode of
food acquisition.

A 2 3/8" Dalton point found in Butler County, Missouri. Photographfrom the Missouri Folklore Society website:
http:// missourifolkloresociety.truman. edu/ native.html.

Further significant cultural transformations occurred about 1,000 B.C., when tribal
groups in the Ozarks developed a kind of elementary, functional pottery made from clay,
sand, crushed bone, or crushed limestone. The practice of building low mounds for burial
of the dead developed around the same time. Additionally, Native people began to use the
bow and arrow for hunting and also started to cultivate small gardens. They became less
nomadic and more agricultural, remaining in one place for longer periods of time. The time
from approximately 1,000 B.C to approximately A.D. 900 is known as the Woodland
Period in Native American history.
 Page 789

Around 900, major cultural changes ushered in what is now known as the Mississippian
Period, which continued until about 1700. In regions immediately east and southeast of the
Ozarks, Native Americans began to construct fortified villages with permanent houses.
They built large mounds for various ceremonial and functional purposes and developed
more sophisticated pottery. Extensive trade networks developed over large geographic
areas. These innovations had comparatively less impact in the Ozarks, however. Folklorist
W.K. McNeil comments, "There are many possible explanations as to why the changes
wrought during this era made little impression on Ozark Indians, including a paucity of
people and resources, difficulty of travel in the region, and a tenacious resistance to change
on the part of these Indians. Interestingly, these interpretations are still offered to this day
by many seeking to explain the special nature of the Ozarks."

Around the turn of the 18th century, the cultural predominance of Native Americans in
the Ozarks began to wane as European settlers arrived and became more numerous.
Native Americans during this period tended to live in permanent villages, made carefully
crafted pottery, used horses for transportation, and traded with the French. Some traditional
Native arts and crafts fell into disuse as Native Americans began to acquire European goods.

Of the many tribal groups present in the Ozarks in the 18th and early 19th centuries, the
most numerous were the Osage, Illinois, Caddos, and Quapaws. The Osage were the
largest and most influential; by 1800, they had claimed most of the Ozark Plateau. In 1808,
the Osage ceded their claims to much of their land in the Ozarks to the United States
government. They continued to hunt throughout the region, nonetheless. The Illinois
Indians lived along the Mississippi River in the easternmost Ozarks. The Quapaws occupied
a small area in the southeastern Ozarks. The Caddos hunted throughout the Ozarks of
Arkansas and southwest Missouri.

In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, members of several other tribes, including the
Kickapoo, the Shawnee, the Delaware, and the Cherokee, began to migrate into the
Ozarks from the east. They did so with encouragement from the Spanish, who believed that
a Native population favorably disposed toward them (unlike the Osage) would help it to
maintain its control of the region.

1'.10HON GO - OSAGE WOMAN

"Mo-Hon-Go, Osage Woman, ca. 1834 "from the State Historical Society of Missouri's exhibit, 'Picturing Native Americans
in the Nineteenth Century: Lithographs from McKennry and Hall's History of the Indian Tribes of North America. "
Image from the State Historical Society of Missouri website: http:/ / www.shsoftnissouri.org/ cgi/ store/0 122.htmL
 Page 790

Native American Journeys in the Missouri Ozarks, Part 2:

After the Louisiana Purchase of 1803

In the years immediately following the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, the Osage were the
most prominent Native American tribe in the Ozarks, occupying land throughout the region.
There were also several substantial concentrations of Shawnee and Delaware people in
southeast and southwest Missouri, and a number of other tribes were present in the region,
as well. Some engaged in trade with whites (mostly French) or used cash allotted by the
federal government to purchase European goods, thus establishing economic ties between
Native and white communities that were often disadvantageous to the Native people. The
Osage ceded their claims to much of their land in the Ozarks to the United States
government in 1808. They continued to hunt throughout the region, nonetheless. In 1819,
the government granted Kickapoo people living in Indiana and Illinois land in southwest
Missouri and a monetary stipend in exchange for their lands east of the Mississippi.

Though some Native Americans came to the Missouri Ozarks in the early 19th century by
choice, others were pressured or forced to migrate here from their homes in the eastern
United States. Scholar Milton Rafferty writes, "The story of the Indians' displacement from
their homelands in North America is a most tragic epic ... The Ozarks first became part of
the western dumping grounds for tribes dispossessed in the East; then, as white settlers
entered the region, they again dispossessed and crowded these Indian peoples into smaller
~', and smaller land reserves further west."

According to some oral traditions maintained today by people of Cherokee ethnicity here
in the Missouri Ozarks, Cherokee people have been present in this region for more than ten
generations, and historians confirm that there were Cherokees living in the lead mining
region of southeast Missouri even prior to the Revolutionary War. A series of influxes of
Cherokees from the southeastern United States into Arkansas began in 1785. Some came to
the region by choice, others because of pressure from the federal government to relocate.
An estimated 6,000 Cherokee people were living in northeast Arkansas and southeast
Missouri by the time of the Louisiana Purchase. After the New Madrid earthquake of 1811,
many moved west and settled along the White River in Arkansas. Others lived in the eastern
Missouri Ozarks.

The Smithsonian/Museum on Main Street [osmey Stories exhibit tells the deeply troubling
story of the Trail of Tears, in which the federal government forced Cherokee people from
the Southeast to move to Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma under harsh conditions
during the winter of 1838-39. Many of the Cherokees had already perished by the time the
migration reached Missouri. Joan Gilbert, author of The Trail oj Tears Across Missouri, writes,
"From Willard Landing in Illinois the Cherokees could see the bluffs on the west side of the
Mississippi, now in the Trail of Tears State Park, but they could not reach the Missouri side
because of ice in the river. Many died within sight of the bluffs." As the map below
indicates, the Trail of Tears followed three different routes through southern Missouri.
 Page 791

Chapter 5 of The Trail oj Tears Across Missouri (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1996),
which is available for reading here in the museum on the bookshelf nearby, describes the
Cherokees' arduous journeys through the Missouri Ozarks in detail.

ry
Map indicating the routesfollowed the Trail of Tears through Missouri, modijiedfrom a map found on the Trail of Tears
National Historic Trail website:http://www.nps.gov/trte/plat!Jourvisit/index.htm.

The U.S. Census indicates that thousands of Missourians identify themselves as Native
Americans today. Many people in our own region have strong anecdotal evidence indicating
that they are descendants of Cherokee people who escaped from the Trail of Tears and lived
secretly in the Missouri Ozarks or of other Cherokees or members of other tribes who
resided here prior to the Trail of Tears. Neither the federal nor the state government
officially recognizes any Native American communities in Missouri. However, a number of
groups of self-identified Native Americans have formed nonprofit corporations to advocate
for recognition of Native Americans and to provide a variety of social services. They include
Western Cherokee Tribal Services in Salem, which hosts an annual Upper Current River
Pow Wow, and the Northern Cherokee Nation in the Old Louisiana Territory,
headquartered in Columbia.

From the Northern Cherokee Nation of the Old Louisiana Territory website:http:/ / ncnolt.net/.
 Page 792

Traveling by Road in
the Missouri Ozarks

The gift of inaccessible roads was stolen

from us ry exorbitant taxation. It was better when the place
was hard to get to, we liked it that wqy.

--- From "Advice to the Newcomer," a poem by Jane Hoogestraat,

published in Elder Mountain: A Journal ofOzarks Studies,
Volume 1 (Fall 2009)

The earliest routes of overland travel in the Missouri Ozarks were trails followed by
Native Americans in hunting, warfare, and trading. Donald Holliday, writing in
OzarksWatch Maga=<jne in 1993, remarks, "'All Roadbeds in Southern Missouri Surveyed by
Osage Indians' ... Well, maybe the headline is not entirely accurate, but the extent of its truth
amazes ... [The Osages'] migrations left clearly defined most of the main trails in southern
Missouri and central north Arkansas. And because they would rather travel a few miles
farther to use a beaten path, they made fewer trails, but trails which marked the best terrain
for travel- and much later for highway and railroad construction."

French Colonial settlers cut roads from Ste. Genevieve on the Mississippi River to
the lead mines in present-day Washington, St. Francois, and Madison counties. In the
late 18th century, the Spanish government constructed the King's Highway, which
paralleled the Mississippi from St. Louis to New Madrid by way of Cape Girardeau and
Ste. Genevieve. This route became the basis for Missouri's first public territorial road in
1808 and later for much of U.S. Highway 61.

The Natchitoches Trace, an important road

through the Missouri Ozarks in the earlY
19th century, is indicated in brown on this
map from Wikimedia Commons:
http:// uploadwikimedia.org/ wikipedia/ co
mmons/ 8/ 81/ Southwesttrailmappng.

Subsequently, other roads, many of them based on preexisting trails, were established to
link Springfield with points east. The most important of these was the road that connected
St. Louis and Springfield, following the wide ridge or upland that separates the
 Page 793

drainage basins of the Missouri and Arkansas Rivers. Known by various names - the
Osage Trace, the Southwest Trail, the Springfield Road, and, later, the Telegraph Road
or Old Wire Road - this route strongly influenced patterns of economic activity in the
Missouri Ozarks. In the 20th century, U.S. Route 66 followed essentially the same route, as
does Interstate 44 today. Another important road in the 19th century was the
Natchitoches Trace, which extended from St. Louis southwestward through the lead
mining region and from there to Batesville, Arkansas, and eventually to Natchitoches,
Louisiana. Over the course of the 19th century, numerous wagon roads, most of them quite
crude by present standards, were constructed throughout the Missouri Ozarks. Additionally,
several post roads enabled delivery of mail.

Shortly after the turn of the 20th century, the advent of rural free delivery of mail and
the development of the automobile contributed to a "Good Roads" movement
throughout rural America, including the Missouri Ozarks. Development of farm-to-market
roads and roads linking county seats began early in the century. The Missouri State
Highway Department was established in 1917 and started constructing state highways
in 1922. Several routes that remain important thoroughfares here in southern Missouri were
built during the initial phase of state highway construction. They include Missouri
Highway 32, which originally extended from Flat River (now part of Park Hills) to Licking
and now runs from Ste. Genevieve to EI Dorado Springs; Missouri Highway 19, the first
highway in the state to be officially designated a scenic route, which initially ran from Thayer
to Cuba and now extends northeastward to New London; and Missouri Highway 17,
which originally extended from Eldon to Mountain View but now continues to the Arkansas
state line just south of Lanton, The system of U.S. highways was initiated in 1926. U.S.
Highways 60, 63, 65, and 67, all of which traverse portions of the Missouri Ozarks, were
established the same year; U.S. 160 followed four ears }~ter.

Patrici: Bridge, a one-lane, low-water crossing

along the North Fork of the White River in
Ozark County, Missouri. From
http://www.waiersheds.org/places/nf/blair.html

Although construction of paved highways in southern Missouri bean early and proceeded
rapidly, the region is also notable for the proportion of its roads that consist of gravel or
chert, as well as the number of low-water bridges still in use, even as compared with many
other rural regions of the Midwest and South.
 Page 794

Matt Meacham, folklorist with the West Plains Councii on the Arts and a part-time
instructor at Missouri State University-West Plains, comments, "MSU-WP students are
r:">. understandably sometimes unable to come to campus during inclement weather because
they live along gravel roads, miles from the nearest paved highway, or because they have to
cross one or more low-water bridges to reach a highway. Also, until fairly recently, four-lane
highways were relatively scarce in this region. From what I've been told, it sounds as though
driving across the southern Missouri Ozarks - from Poplar Bluff to Springfield, for example
- was considerably slower and more arduous than it is now. The challenges that these
factors have posed for travelers and visitors to the region obviously are disadvantageous in
certain ways, but they have contributed to area residents' strong sense of place, identification
with this region as home, and conservation of their rich folk culture."

OzarksWatch Magaifne published an entire issue devoted to the subject of roads and
railroads in the Ozarks in 1993-94. A copy of that issue, courtesy of MSU- WP's Garnett
Library, is located on the bookshelf nearby. Thumb through it for some interesting
stories about traveling the highways and byways and riding the rails here in the Ozarks.
 Page 795

· -,f .

Who makes the best turkey calls? What makes a fine handmade
quilt? Where do you take your instruments for repair? Why do
locals gather together to celebrate? How do we find the
answers? If you've got the them, and want to share, or if you
want to learn how to find the answers, this workshop is for YOLo
~

The Missouri Folk Arts Program (MFAP)is building a statewide

network of. "community scholars." We'll kick off a year of
reQ-ional workshops in West Plains. Join us for an intensive two
.and a half daY'-t-rair.-in-gc-ppartunity fer folks with a keen,
interest in 'documenting community arts, promoting local
culture, and sharing Missouri's traditions with a wide audience.

Space is limited. Travel funds available. Contact Lisa Higgins,

MFAP director, at HigginsLL@missouri.edu or 573-882-6296 to
reserve your spot by October 20, 2010.

Missouri
Arts Council
NATIONAL
ENDOWMENT
The State of the Arts « '5"

MISSOURI@FOLK
FOR THE ARTS ARTS@PROGRAM
 Page 796

Kathleen Morrissey

From: Higgins, Lisa L. [HigginsLL@missouri.edu]

Sent: Tuesday, December 14, 2010 11:20 AM
To: Kathleen Morrissey; Meacham, Matthew W
~ Bailey, Deborah A.
[ect: Traditional Arts Indiana Fieldword Guide Videos on YouTube

These would be great to include on the wiki:

http://www.youtube.com/user/TradArtsIN#p/u/4/HUROpZWzJqQ

In the interim, shall I send links to our WP community scholars?

Cheers, Lisa

Lisa L. Higgins, PhD

Director, Missouri Folk Arts Program
HigginsLL@missouri.edu

573-882-6296
21 Parker Hall
University of Missouri
Columbia MO 65211
fax: 573-884-6029

http://maa.missouri.edu Imfap

The Missouri Folk Arts Program is a collaboration between the Missouri Arts Council and the Museum of Art & Archaeology at the University of
Missouri.
<>.

~,

1
 Page 797 ruge 1 U1 L.

Chilton Project News Release RE: Thanks!

Dan & Suzanne Chilton [cny94657@centurytel.net]
Sent: Monday, November 22, 2010 4: 12 PM
To: Higgins, Lisa L. [HigginsLL@missouri.edu]

Cc: Meacham, Matthew W; Kathleen Morrissey [kmorrissey@oaiwp.org]; Bailey, Deborah A. [BaileyDA@missouri.edu]

FYI: I sent my news release to local newspapers and KY3 TV in Springfield; I

added my project at the bottom of the program's news release. I obtained
email and written permissions for use in project credits.

NEWS RELEASE
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE:
Contact:
Suzanne Chilton
573-226-1222
chiltonsr@centurytel.net
www.blueandgraycrosscurrent.blogspot.com
Storyteller Participates in Regional Community Scholars Workshop
Eminence, Missouri, November 13, 2010
Suzanne Chilton recently participated in a community scholars workshop
sponsored by the Missouri Folk Arts Program (MFAP), November 11-13, 2010 in
downtown West Plains, Missouri. The statewide arts service organization,
which identifies, documents, and presents Missouri traditional arts, is
building a statewide network of community scholars. Participants were
selected based on their interests and experience in documenting community
arts, promoting local culture, and sharing Missouri's traditions with a wide
audience. Fourteen citizens attended the intensive workshop, the first in a
series. Additional workshops are scheduled for 2011 in St. Louis and
Springfield.

Lisa Higgins, director of the Missouri Folk Arts Program, said: "The West
Plains workshop was a great kick off for this project. If the participants
in the upcoming workshops are as enthusiastic and knowledgeable as this
group, we can build a much stronger and broader network for the folk and
traditional arts. And, through that network, workshop participants can both
strengthen their community-based projects and more widely promote Missouri's
rich cultural heritage."

The curriculum for the West Plains workshop was specifically crafted for the
south central Ozark region of Missouri. Topics included defining and
identifying local traditions; documenting traditions with photos, video, and
audio; and developing public presentations for local audiences. Workshop
presenters included Matt Meacham, folklorist for the West Plains Council on
the Arts and Ozark Action, Inc; Marideth Sisco, Ozarks community scholar,
journalist, and musician; and Jackson Medel, a contributor to the Library of
Congress' Veterans History Project.

During the retreat, participants also gained hands-on experience in the

field. They used equipment to document local events, places, and artists,
including the local Veterans Day Parade, Ozark stone buildings, a group of
long rifle builders, and a music jamboree. The event was co-hosted by
Community Foundation of the Ozarks, Ozark Action, Inc., and the West Plains
Council on the Arts and was supported with grants from the Missouri Arts
Council, a state agency, and the National Endowment for the Arts.

Chil ton's proj ect communicates the stories, history, and culture of ~_//

https:llbearmail.missouristate.eduiowa/?ae=Item&t=IPM.Note&id===RgAAAAAseng08cH... 12/27/2010
 Chilton Project News Release RE: Thanks! Page 798 r'age z Ul,L.

1860-1874 Shannon County via storyteller performance, a musical pageant, and

an in-progress novel. The project draws from the Civil War memoirs of John
J. Chilton, the Chilton genealogy collection of Charles L. and Marjory
Orchard, the river history publications of David Lewis, and the Civil War
music collection of Kathy Barton, David Para, and Bob Dyer.
~
Juring 2011, the Chilton's seek those with Civil War stories, photos, and
research to share.

~One can't live in Shannon County for long before hearing the story of
Alexander Chilton who climbed a white oak tree and hid in the grapevines
from Federal soldiers encamped on the Joshua Chilton farm. Joshua's
descendants own the farm, now home to the Cross Country Trail Rides. Our
history, culture, rivers, and mountains are treasures. A million or so
visitors annually attest to the fact.~ Suzanne and her ~usband Dan
collaborate on the project from their home in the woods, on a ridge
overlooking the farms of their ancestors and the hunting grounds of
soldiers, bushwhackers, and outlaws.

Suzanne Chilton
314-724-5855 mobile

-----Original Message-----
From: Higgins, Lisa L. [mailto:HigginsLL@missouri.edu]
Sent: Monday, November 15, 2010 11:36 AM
To: Higgins, Lisa L.
Cc: Meacham, Matthew W; Kathleen Morrissey; Bailey, Deborah A.
Subject: Thanks!

Thank each and everyone of you for making the Community Scholar Workshop a
fabulous experience. Keep in touch. We will, too.

cheers, Lisa

p.s. Follow us on Facebook, if you like:

http://www.facebook.com/#!/pages/Missouri-Folk-Arts-Program/380611024828

Lisa L. Higgins, PhD

Director, Missouri Folk Arts Program
HigginsLL@missouri.edu<mailto:HigginsLL@missouri.edu>
573-882-6296
21 Parker Hall
University of Missouri
Columbia MO 65211
fax: 573-884-6029

http://maa.missouri.edu/mfap

The Missouri Folk Arts Program is a collaboration between the Missouri Arts
Council and the Museum of Art & Archaeology at the University of Missouri.

https:llbearmail.missouristate.eduiowal?ae=Item&t=IPM.Note&id=RgAAAAAseng08cH... 12/27/2010
~--------------------------------------------------------

Page 799

Bona Fide String Band

The Bona Fide String Band, an old-time group based in Hardy, Arkansas, will make its main-
stage debut at this year's Old-Time Music, Ozark Heritage Festival.

Lisa Culver plays the fiddle, hammered dulcimer, and contributes lead and harmony vocals to
Bona Fide. Lisa, whose family moved to the Hardy area from Blytheville, has had a deep love for all
things musical throughout her life. After beginning her involvement in music as a pianist, she
discovered the fiddle and the hammered dulcimer during her teen years while working as both a
waitress and a stage performer at the Arkansas Traveller Folk Theater in Hardy.

While at the Traveller, Culver learned to play
local fiddle legend, and she was inspired to learn
playas a guest performer at the theater. She has
including a number of original stage productions
activities.
the fiddle from Ralph DePriest, a cast member and
the hammered dulcimer after hearing Cathy Barton
continued to play and sing in a variety of venues,
at the Arkansas Traveller Theater and church

As an original member of Bona Fide, Lisa has honed her traditional music skills to a fine point,
according to her fellow band members. She plays a Russian-made fiddle that originally belonged to
her great-grandfather, who played it as an entertainer on Mississippi River boats. Lisa has a bachelor
of fine arts degree and has been recognized as a master gardener. She and her husband, Steve enjoy
a country life filled with music and a variety of pets and livestock - even llamas!

Greg Cox is well-known locally as a musician and singer, having lived and played music in the
Hardy area since 1977.

Greg's musical roots are deep and begin with his family in southern Indiana. Music was so
much a part of his family life that he isn't even sure when he started playing. He often draws upon
old-time tunes that he learned from his uncles, such as "Chinese Breakdown," also known as "Tickle
Under the Chin." His grandfather gave him his first banjo, a dusty tenor that was hanging on a nail
in the basement.

Cox is regarded regionally as a gifted musician and songwriter who continues the tradition of
passing along music, always willing to share his expertise with anyone who wants to learn to play.
He often plays with a variety of groups at local functions and at church and is an original member of
Bona Fide. He adds to the traditional vocals of the group in both lead and harmony and plays the
mandolin, fiddle, banjo, and guitar.

Greg, a retired electrician, and his wife Diane live in their own Cox-built home where he enjoys
gardening, cooking, and making music.

Jeff Kamps brings an old-time sound to Bona Fide with the clawhammer banjo and guitar. Jeff's
introduction to traditional music came in the 1970s when he first encountered the music of Doc
Watson, Jean Ritchie, and other folk music greats. Soon, he was playing music and building
mountain dulcimers.

A construction electrician by trade, Kamps was able to turn his hobby into a profession after
several years of living in Hardy. Today, he is a luthier who owns the Flat Creek Dulcimer Shop in
 Page 800

Hardy, where he has been building and selling instruments since 1988. In fact, he even built one of
the banjos that he plays.

Jeff, his wife Debbie, and their three children all worked as stage performers at the Arkansas
Traveller Folk Theater in Hardy for many years. He invites listeners to ask him about his experience
as a washtub bass player! Now, he contributes the haunting old-time sound of the dawhammer
banjo and guitar to Bona Fide. Jeff and his wife Debbie live in the Hardy area where they are very
busy with grandchildren, business, and music.

Debbie Kamps, wife of Jeff Kamps, plays rhythm guitar and sings lead and harmony parts in her
warm soprano voice. Debbie maintains a longtime interest in folk music that began when she was a
teenager in the late 1960s. When she saw Jean Ritche in a live performance at a coffeehouse, she
developed a love for ballad singing and the mountain dulcimer.

Her husband, Jeff, built a mountain dulcimer for her, and she was soon on the road to many
years of singing and performing. She added guitar later when she began playing in groups.

Debbie performed at the Arkansas Traveller Folk Theater in Hardy along with her husband, Jeff,
and their three children, singing traditional ballads and played the mountain dulcimer. As a member
of Bona Fide, she especially enjoys singing the old Carter Family songs. In addition to her musical
activities, Debbie works as an English and social studies teacher for the Highland School District.
 Page 801

Sunny Side Up

Sunny Side Up, based in Howell and Texas counties, offers a variety of old-time, bluegrass, and
traditional country repertoire. The band has performed regularly since 2004, appearing before
enthusiastic audiences at community events, churches, political rallies, and festivals throughout
south-central Missouri.

Three members of Sunny Side Up - Dean VonAllmen, Sonya White, and Ed McKinney - have
been involved in the group since its inception.

Dean VonAllmen of West Plains is recognized throughout the region for his accomplishments as
a traditional fiddler, having taken second place in the Missouri State Fair fiddle contest in Sedalia in
August 2005. His musical influences range from local fiddlers of preceding generations to Kenny
Baker, longtime member of Bill Monroe's Blue Grass Boys. Fellow band member Ed McKinney
comments, "Dean brings a drive and fire to his rollicking fiddle that others try to imitate."

Sonya White of Raymondville plays string bass and provides lead and alto vocals. A medical
technologist at Texas County Memorial Hospital in Houston, she has been singing gospel music in
church choirs throughout her life and has been playing bass for several years. "Sonya adds a depth
of harmony to the group that is without parallel," says Ed McKinney. "Her rich background in
music touches the hearts of her audiences."

Ed McKinney of West Plains plays guitar and mandolin and sings lead, bass, and tenor. He
began learning the guitar at age 12 - "some time ago," he says - and cites Mother Maybelle Carter of
the Carter Family as a particular influence. He was awarded third place among accompanimental
guitarists at the Missouri State Fair fiddle contest in Sedalia in August 2005. He says that he
<:»:>
especially likes "corny songs!"

According to Matt Meacham, folklorist and member of the Old-Time Music, Ozark Heritage
Festival committee, "Ed is widely respected for his contributions to traditional music and folklife in
our region. In addition to his activities as a performer and a builder and repairer of instruments, Ed
is a professor of history at Missouri State University-West Plains and a dedicated educator and
scholar."

Several additional musicians frequently perform with Sunny Side Up, depending upon their
availability and what the occasion calls for. One is Carl Trantham of Pomona, a longtime
songwriter, singer, and guitarist who performed as a member of the widely known bluegrass band
The Highlanders and in his own right as a bluegrass, country, and rockabilly solo artist.

Others include banjoist David Branson, guitarist and singer George Spence, and guitarist and
singer Pansy Bond, all fixtures in traditional and bluegrass music circles in Howell, Texas, and
surrounding counties; and guitarist, mandolinist, and singer Matt Meacham, folklorist with the West
Plains Council on the Arts and Ozark Action, Inc.
 Page 802

·Kent and Alex Williamson

Kent and Alex Williamson of Cabool, who participated in the Thumbpicking Guitarists'
Roundtable during last year's Old-Time Music, Ozark Heritage Festival, will make their first
appearance on the festival's main stage this year.

Originally from Springfield, Kent Williamson was raised in a musical family. His mother, Jean
Williamson, played the piano, and his maternal grandfather, Thad Stoddard, was a fiddler and
harmonica player. Kent himself started learning piano at age six and played violin in his school
orchestra.

When he was eleven years old - forty years ago, according to his own calculations - Kent
obtained a guitar and a songbook and began teaching himself the instrument. With a penchant for
music featuring leading country guitarists of the time, such as Don Rich of Buck Owens's
Buckaroos, Chet Atkins, and Jerry Reed, he learned much of his repertoire by listening to records at
half-speed and memorizing solo passages a few notes at a time.

At age 17, Kent joined a band led by fiddler Colonel Red Highfill, performing at fiddle contests
and country music venues. His mother played piano in the group. Soon thereafter, he became a
member of a band led by Tim Nichols, who is now a Nashville-based songwriter with several major
country hits to his credit. With Nichols's band, Kent spent two years performing at hotels, rodeos,
and fairs throughout the Midwest and Great Plains.

Since then, Kent, an officer at Cabool State Bank, has performed locally in various contexts .. He
played regularly with several other musicians at the Norfork Steakhouse in West Plains for four
years. He continues to perform occasionally at weddings and social events, but he plays primarily
for his own satisfaction, challenging himself to expand and refine his technical palette and his
repertoire.

Alex, Kent's son, began learning the guitar at age nine. One day while Kent was practicing, Alex
asked Kent if he would learn a song by the rock band Green Day and then show Alex how to play it,
himself. This was the beginning of Alex's study of the guitar, Kent explained.

"It doesn't come naturally to me," said Kent. "I've always had to work at it, but it just seems to
come naturally to Alex."

Alex began teaching himself a variety of music, including rock songs that were popular at the
time, as well as repertoire from Kent's collection of music books. He became increasingly interested
in fingerstyle guitar and emulated his father's thumbpicking techniques.

In addition to playing the guitar, Alex sings and, in recent months, has begun playing the banjo.
He and Kent plan to perform several selections featuring his banjo playing during their festival
appearance.

Folklorist Matt Meacham of the Old-Time Music, Ozark Heritage Festival committee observes,
"Our part of the country is home to many fine thumbpicking guitarists whose style and repertoire
reflect both the traditions of guitar playing that have been handed down to them locally and the
influences of such recording artists as Merle Travis, Chet Atkins,Jerry Reed, and many others."
 Page 803

"Kent and Alex Williamson are two of the foremost thumbpicking and fingerstyle guitarists in
this region," he continued. "They put their own creative stamp on the traditions that they
represent."

Meacham added, "I first met Alex when he was a student in a music appreciation class that I led
at Missouri State University-West Plains two years ago, but he should have been teaching me! His
fluency on the guitar amazed me. He told me that he had learned much of his knowledge of the .
instrument from his father, so I asked both of them to participate in the Thumbpickers' Roundtable
that we had during last year's festival."

The Williamsons were the only participants in that event who had not previously performed at
the festival, according to Meacham. "Their playing was enthusiastically received, so the committee
and I were eager to invite them to share their talents on the main stage his year."
 Page 804

Missouri Traditional Arts Apprenticeship Program to Celebrate zs- Anniversary During

Old-Time Music, Ozark Heritage Festival

Missouri's Traditional Arts Apprenticeship Program (TAAP) is celebrating its 25th year. This
milestone will be observed in a variety of ways throughout this year's Old-Time Music, Ozark
Heritage Festival.

The Traditional Arts Apprenticeship Program pairs master folk artists with apprentices to pass
traditions on to the next generation. Since 1984, the Missouri Folk Arts Program, based at the
University of Missouri-Columbia, has fostered 351 apprenticeships between master traditional artists
and their apprentices.

In its first year, the Folk Apprenticeship Program (as it was initially named) sponsored ten
apprenticeships and focused on Missouri musical traditions such as old-time music, gospel, and jazz.
In the second year, apprenticeships were nearly equally divided between music and material culture,
examples of which include making saddles, chairs, woven coverlets, baskets, cabinets, and
blacksmithing.

Since then, more than 500 individual traditional artists, many in underserved rural, inner-city, and
ethnic communities in every corner of the state, have participated in the Traditional Arts
Apprenticeship Program.

TAAP is funded by the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), the Missouri Arts Council,
and the Museum of Art and Archaeology at the University of Missouri.

Lisa Higgins, director of the Missouri Folk Arts Program, commented, "To close out a year of
anniversary celebrations, the Missouri Folk Arts Program is excited to partner with the West Plains
Council on the Arts to showcase TAAP masters and apprentices from the Ozark region at the Old-
Time Music, Ozark Heritage Festival."

Higgins continued, "In addition to stage performances and demonstrations, traditional artists will
also be featured during workshops at the Brush Arbor stage. There, artists will not only share
their techniques but tell stories about how and why they strum, bow, jig, carve, and build."

Main-stage performances that will feature musicians or dancers who have been affiliated with
TAAP at one time or another include a segment spotlighting "Holt's Colts," musicians who learned
from the late Bob Holt of Ava, an influential traditional fiddler whom the National Endowment for
the Arts named a National Heritage Fellow (Friday at noon), and a performance by traditional
square dancers from south-central Missouri with traditional string-band accompaniment (Friday at 4
PM).

Additionally, three Saturday performances on the main stage will include artists who have been
involved in TAAP: the Graves Family at 10 AM, the Colbert Brothers at 11 AM, and Travis Inman
at noon. Information about all of these performers can be found elsewhere in this publication.

Several workshops at the Brush Arbor stage will also feature current or former T AAP
participants. Lisa Higgins and Deb Bailey, folk arts specialist with the Missouri Folk Arts Program,
will talk with these artists about their contributions to the folk culture of our region and our state.
 Page 805

TAAP-affiliated workshop presenters will include Don Graves, lap dulcimer player and maker
(Saturday at 11 AM), fiddler Travis Inman (Saturday at 2 PM), and old-time banjoist Van Colbert
(Saturday at 4 PM).

"We're grateful for the opportunity to participate in the Traditional Arts Apprenticeship
Program's 25th anniversary. TAAP is one of the finest programs of its kind in the country, and it's
contributed substantially to the conservation and sustenance of a variety of folk arts here in the
Missouri Ozarks," said Matt Meacham, folklorist and member of the festival committee.

"Many of the artists who have participated in the Old-Time Music, Ozark Heritage Festival over
the years have been TAAP masters, apprentices, or both, and the Missouri Folk Arts Program in
general has always been enormously helpful to and supportive of the festival. Missourians
throughout the state benefit from the excellent work that the Folk Arts Program does," Meacham
added.
 Page 806

Kathleen Morrissex •• M
1__ iiG
**,

From: Meacham, Matthew W [MatthewMeacham@MissouriState.edu]

Sent: Wednesday, January 13, 2010 11:03 AM
'): wpqnews@centurytei.net
~ kmorrissey@oaiwp.org
[ect: Essay about West Plains published on blog about rural culture

Carol,

How is everything going? I thought I ought to let you know that a blog called the *Daily Yonder*, which
is maintained by the Center for Rural Strategies and is one of the major blogs covering rural American culture and
social and economic issues, was kind enough to publish an essay of mine last week. It's essentially a rebuttal to the
article that the *Washington Post* published last fall about the inflammatory anti-Obarna sign and the political
climate of West Plains. (I realize that a rebuttal to that article at this point isn't exactly timely, but I didn't learn
about that article until several weeks after it was published, so I decided to wait a year and use as an opening gambit,
"It's been a year since the article was published, and *Post* readers would be surprised how different the West
Plains of today is from the one described in it just 12 months ago ...") My essay is located at
http://"\vww.dailyyonder.com/speak-your-piece-plenty-hope-after-alln01 0 101/07/2511.

I'm telling you this not because I'm seeking publicity -- in fact, I'd probably be better off to avoid it (!) -- but
simply because I didn't want you to run across it or hear other people talking about it sometime and wonder why I
didn't tell you about it myself so that you'd have the opportunity to write something about it if you wish to do so.
Again, please don't feel obligated to write anything about this -- anonymity is perfectly fine with me -- but if you do
want to write something, I'd be glad to talk with you about it .

...~·,ke care,
ctt

Matt Meacham

Folklorist, West Plains Council on the Arts/Ozark Action. Inc.

Adjunct instructor, Missouri State University-West Plains

(417) 256-6147, ext. 227 (office)

(417) 372-3177 (cell/home)

mmeacham@oaiwp.org

or matthe\vmeacham@missouristate.edu

--------~ ~--~ ~--~---------- ----- -----------------------------------------------------------------

 Page 807

POTENTIAL PUBLIC & COMMUNITY RADIO OUTLETS FOR FESTIVAL PUBLICITY

KRCU (NPR, Cape Girardeau and Farmington) - Submit a PSA at least two weeks ahead via
http://www.semo.edu/sepr/psa/psaform.htm; also, contact Your Folk Connection,
http://www.semo.edu/sepr/programmingllocalfolkconnection.htm.

KDHX (community radio, St. Louis) - Submit information to the concert calendar at
http://www.kdhx.orglindex.php?option=com kdhxevents&Itemid=262 and/ or to the arts & events
calendar at
http://www.kdhx.orglindex.php?option=com kdhxevents&type=kdhx arts calendar&Itemid=349;
also, contact the hosts of the following programs: Lotsa A Cappella (re: shape-note program); The Back
Country; Backroads; Bluegrass Breakdown; Down Yonder, Feel Like Going Home; Mid-Dqy Jamboree; No Time to
Tarry Here; and Famzjy Reunion.

KZGM (community radio, Cabool) - Contact via http://www.kz88.org/news.html and Hank Dorst.

KMST (NPR, Rolla/Lebanon) - Submit to community calendar via

http://www.kumr.org/CommunityCalendar.html; also contact Bluegrass for a Saturdqy Night, Harmonic
Vibrations, and Sounds Eclectic (hosted by festival emcee Jim Sigler)

KWBC (Internet "radio," Hartshorn) - Contact via http://kwbc.fm/contactus.htm. (Click on the

"Contact Us" tab in the right column.)

KASU (NPR,Jonesboro, AR) - Website provides very little information as to how to contact the station
- maybe by way of the ••E-mail the newsroom" link near the bottom left of this page:
http://www.publicbroadcasting.net/kasu/news.newsmain. Maybe try to have festival listed on arts
index: http://www.publicbroadcasting.net/kasu/arts.artsmain?action=sectionIndex&sid=O. Several
programs on the schedule appear to be relevant, but it's unclear which ones (if any) are locally produced:
http://www.publicbroadcasting.net/kasu/guide.guidemain.

KUAF (NPR, Fayetteville, AR) - Submit to events calendar via

http://events.publicbroadcasting.net/kuaf 1events.eventsmain?action =submitE vent. Submit potential
PSA at http://www.kuaf.org/psa.html. Several programs on the schedule appear to be relevant, but it's
unclear which ones (if any) are locally produced:
http://www.publicbroadcasting.net/kuaflguide.guidemain. (Actually, Ozarks at Large is locally
produced, but that program appears to have a specifically Arkansan focus.)

KBIA (NPR, Columbia, MO) - Submit to events calendar via

http://events.publicbroadcasting.net/kbia/ events.eventsmain?action = submitE ven t.

KOPN (Community radio, Columbia, MO) - Contact via http://www.kopn.org/contact; maybe ask
about inclusion on events calendar. Several locally produced programs might be relevant, especially Farm
&Fiddle: http://www.kopn.org/contact., and Midnight Country:
http:// www.kopn.org/progdesc1&u= Ipp 1woody-ai.php.

KSMU/KSMW (NPR, Springfield & West Plains) - Community calendar:

http://www.ksmu.org/content/view/3231 1401; arts news/musical performances:
http://www.ksmu.org/content/category/9/67/104/; several programs are relevant.
 Destination: 'A Little County Seat' Page 808 t"'agel UI o

Published on Daily Yonder (http://www.dailyyonder.com)

Home> Manage Content> Destination: 'A little County Seat'

Destination: 'A Little County Seat'

Image:
CJ tjslansky530.jpg [1]
[;] skarpabook530.jpg [2]
[j middlesborogravedecoration530.jpg [3]

["i] slanskymap320.jpg [4]

Genealogy, one of the fastest growing hobbies in the nation, eventually leads to research
in a small town. Some rural communities know their own past and are prepared to share it.

Bill Bishop T.J. Siansky explains how

to read a family tree written in old German script at a genealogical meeting of Texas
Czech descendants in LaGrange, August 29.

"Our ancestors were probably neighbors, and now 125 years later, we're trying to find
each other," said T.J. Siansky. He was speaking to about 50 Praseks, Kovars, Jandas and
Matochas at the Fayette County (Texas) Public Library. Turning the lights down, he
stepped into the projection of a family tree, its twigs laden with names and birthdates,
casting an intricate tattoo across his face.

Siansky and the others had come to explore a trans-rural heritage. Their foreparents came
to the U.S. from a cluster of tiny farming villages near the Czech-Slovak border, and after
crossing the Atlantic, they settled in likewise-tiny communities of Central and South Texas.
This is the third year the descendents have held a Hovezi-Huslensky Village Reunion,
sharing genealogical information and discovering how their families are entwined.

Most of the old Texas-Czech. communities like Plum, Halletsville, Moravia, and Praha,
~. have declined - or vanished -- after decades of outmigration. Plum, where Siansky's
family once farmed, had two churches, two blacksmiths shops, two cotton gins, and
several stores in the early 20th century, but by the 2000 census, population had dwindled

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UC~lllldLIUII. f"\ i.uue I,..,UUi Ily 0ecU Page 809 l-'age z oro

to 95. (T.J. himself lives in San Antonio now.)

As in much of the rest of rural America, young people left and are still leaving for higher
education, jobs, and urban amenities. But the one thing no one can take from small towns
is their history. Often led by passionate genealogists, some rural communities are plowing
their energies into documenting family histories, reclaiming the past, and shoring up local
strengths. ~/

Tina Martinson Ordone, now living in Rayne, Louisiana, has created a world-class
genealogical website for Stephentown, New York [5], where five generations of her
mother's family lived.

"To know a person's history, is to appreciate it. The same goes for a town," Ordone writes.
Her Internet library of all-things-Stephentown includes Census records dating back to the
1830s, many family genealogies, bios of the area's early physicians, and much more -
even a recounting of the notorious "Kittle Double Murder."

"I can't begin to tell you the number of people over the course of the last seven years ...
who have found family and friends because of information on my site," she writes.
"Contributors from literally all over the world have sent me photos and stories, genealogies
and little twigs of their family tree, and in return have found the answers to long held
questions, because of the contributions of others."

Ordone believes that this information does more than satisfy personal curiosity.
"Genealogical research tends to bring small communities together, in that the discovery of
mutual ties will bond people." She credits the Stephentown Historical Society [6] with hard
work, and success, in preservation. The group has saved an abandoned Methodist
Episcopal church (c. 1870), which now holds its library, and has restored several old
cemeteries in the region.

Genealogy buff Judy Owens of Lexington, KY, contends, "If you get serious about this
kind of work, at some point you're going to have to go to a little county seat."

But aside from court documents (assuming the local courthouse never burned), what will
researchers find once they go? Could rural communities stand to benefit from building
local genealogical archives?

Jean Davis of Dime Box Texas - a participant in the Hovezi-Huslensky Village reunion-
says that creating a reliable archive is both fascinating and demanding work. "Most people
can tell their own story," she says, "but a genealogy goes back much further than that. It
takes somebody dedicated and with blinders on. You eat, sleep and breathe this." Jean's
late brother, Albert Blaha, was such a person. Among Texas-Czechs, he was one of the
first to undertake serious genealogical research.

After leaving the family farm and graduating from University of Texas, Blaha worked as a
project engineer overseas. In 1962, their father died and Albert "didn't make it home in
time for the funeral," Davis says. ''That shook him up really bad. I'm sure that's what drove
him" - to trace the family's history all the way to the Old Country and understand his
heritage.

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 uesnnanon: "PI. LIme \",oumy oear Page 810 rdl::lt:: ..JUI...J

~"

Bill Bishop At
the Hovezi-Huslensky Village reunion, held in LaGrange, Texas, people combed through
the family scrapbook of Lucille Skarpa Rohan.

Called back stateside to work in Houston, Blaha stopped in what was then
Czechoslovakia, on his journey home. According to sister Jean Davis, he "prowled for like
a month," through the mountainous Hovezi-Huslensky region. "He was in the same area
so much that the Communists stopped him, wanting to know what he was doing."

Blaha located the very house where their ancestors had lived in Huslenky, a village of
Bretheran Church Protestants on the Czech/Slovakian border. Through ships records,
church membership lists, and cemetery transcriptions, he began building an archive of
Czech immigration to Texas, publishing his findings and training others in genealogical
research. In 1982 he founded the Czech Heritage Society of Texas [7]. The organization
now has 1600 members and 15 chapters, a third of them rural. Bringing together Blaha's
research collections with the work of many others, the Texas Czech Heritage Center [8]
opened last year in a new facility just east of LaGrange.

Jean Davis and her husband, after living in Dallas and Houston for many years, moved
back to Dime Box just a few miles from where her parents had once farmed. In their
"retirement," the Davises have worked to sustain a small historical museum and
genealogical collection in Dime Box, too. "We're just a little pimple," she says, "but even
as small as we are -- we're probably 250 people -- people come here and find this
genealogy, a lot of them from other states." How do people discover their history center?
A big mailbox stationed on a pole "sitting on Highway 21, points people to town," Davis
says. "That pulls in a lat."

One of the nation's genealogical hot spots is Middlesboro, Kentucky; it lies at the Western
edge of the Cumberland Gap, where many pioneers (including Daniel Boone) ventured
through the Appalachian Mountains.

Marsha Bratton, regent of the Daughters of American Revolution (D.A.R.) Kentucky Path

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Page 811

chapter there, notes that "genealogy has been one of the fastest growing hobbies for
about 10 years." She believes in the educational benefits of genealogy to inspire young
people's interest and capacity for learning.

Middlesboro
(KY) Daily News Members of the Kentucky Path Chapter, of the Daughters of the
American Revolution (D.A.R.), 17 students and several teachers from the J. White ~-

Academy, and members of the local Elks Club placed 300 flags on the graves of veterans
at the Middlesboro and the Hurst Cemeteries Nov. 7, 2010. Marsha Bratton, D.A.R.
regent, believes that genealogy is a vivid way to teach history and geography.

She advises parents, "If you know that your great-great-great grandfather fought in the
Revolutionary War, tell your children that." American history will be much more interesting
to them at school. Learning places and dates makes more sense-with a direct tie to the
past, rather than "this is what happened way off when." Likewise, Bratton says, young
people can discover a wider world through the family's genealogy. "They'll say 'Oh, my
grandparents came from Germany. I know where that's at.'"

Most recently, Bratton brought together DAR and Elks Club members, 17 high school
students, and three of their teachers to put flags on the graves of 300 veterans for
Veterans Day, a living tribute to local history.

A recent study by the Economic Research Service examining rural outmigration [9] notes
that except for areas with dramatic natural attractions, "without a hometown or family
connection, people generally are not going to be drawn to rural areas."

But without rural genealogy expertise and local centers for its dissemination, those "family
connections" will likely become more and more tenuous as time passes. Every small town

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uesnnanon: ·A ume county oear Page 812

needs its Tina Ordone, T.J. Siansky, Jean Davis, or Marsha Bratton. Albert Blahas
Wanted!

Genealogy, one of the fastest growing hobbies in the nation, eventually

leads to research in a small town. Some rural communities know their own past and are
prepared to share it.

By Julie Ardery Arts and Culture Growth and Development Topic Feature
fj
Source URL: http://www.dailyyonder.com/small-town-Iook-ahead-Iooking-bacl/201 0/11 /1813045

Links:
[1] http://www.dailyyonder.com/files/imagefield/tjslansky530.jpg
[2] http://www.dailyyonder.com/fileslimagefield/skarpabook530.jp9
[3] http://www.dailyyonder.com/files/imagefield/midd lesborog ravedecoration530 .jpg
[4] http://www.dailyyonder.com/fileslimagefield/slanskymap320.jpg
[5] http://www.stephentowngenealogy.com/
[6] h'ttp://stephentown-historical.orgl
[7] http://www.czechheritage.org/CHS_HISTORY.pdf
[8] http://www .czechtexas. orgl
[9] http://www.dailyyonder.com/outmigration/2010/11/17/3043

http://www.dailyyonder.com/print/3045 11124/2010
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<.:»
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Central MO. Ozarks Development Project Implementation Plan:

ARRA- FY '09

n. Project Final Report drafted and presented to CSBG State Office (October 1,
2010) (Benchmark 4)
Page 815

.~.-
 Page 816

Central MO. Ozarks Development Project Implementation Plan:

ARRA= FY '09

o. Network meets to discuss lessons learned and look at future strategies to

coordinate and continue the work begun in year one.
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