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ãsing the center of the marine
basin as the point of reference, any
change that shifts the boundary
between marine and nonmarine
deposition, or the boundary
between deposition and erosion,
outward from the basin center is a
process of transgression. The
converse is regression.
Changes in sea-level or base level
cause marked displacement of
sedimentary environment and the
deposits formed within them. The
effects of these displacements are
most distinct near the basin
margins.
ãnits A to I are time stratigraphic
units identified by well established
biostratigraphic zones, sandstones,
shales and limestones represent
strandline, nearshore and offshore
environments respectively offlap
relationships and F ± I represents
transgression and overlap
relationship.
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. The onlap takes place at
the base of the succession, & the offlap
occurs at or near the top. These
architectural characteristics record the
lateral shift in depositional
environments in response to base level
change & subsidence downlap surfaces
develop during transition from onlap to offlap. They typically develop
above flooding surfaces, as basin margin depositional systems begins to
prograde seaward. The dipping, prograding unit is called %
, &
they lapout down ward onto the downlap surface as lateral progradation
takes place takes place. The word lapout is used as a general term for all
these types of stratigraphic terminations. The broad characterization of the
stratigraphic units may be determined from their seismic facies. The styles
of seismic facies reflection patterns are best seen in sections parallel to
depositional dip.
3
is the contact relation between the bottom profile of a basin and the
horizontal basin-filling strata. The younger layers successively extend
more widely than the distribution of the lower layers. Such a structure is
characteristic of the lower surface of layers of basin-fill sediments. It is
also important to accept that onlap reflects a relative rise of sea level.
#$
is the style where the down-end of inclined strata contacts
the horizontal surface of older sediments, showing a convergent
relation between the progradational strata and the basement.