SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS OF SECOND YEAR 1

PHYSICS
Q#1
The potential is constant throughout a given region of space .is
the electric field is zero or non zero in this region?
Ans#1:
Electric field E and potential difference are related by equation,
E =-∆ v/∆ r
When the potential is taken as constant which means v= constant then the
potential difference becomes zero ∆ v=0 so,
E =0/r ∆ → E=0
This relation tells that electric field is zero in a region of where the
potential is constant
Q#2:
Suppose that you follow an electric field line due to a positive
point charge .do electric field and the potential increases or decreases?
Ans#2:
Relation for the electric field and and electric potential are
E= 1/4π ε0 x q/r2 and v=1/4π ε0 x q/ r
this gives for same charge

E α 1/ r2 Vα 1/ r
When we follow electric field line due to positive charge, distance from
positive charge increases which cases to decrease electric field and
potential.
Q#3:
How can you identify that which plate of a capacitor is positively
charged?
Ans#3:
When a freely suspended positively charged gold leaf of electroscope
is brought near to one of the plates of capacitor the divergence to gold leaf
shows that the plate of the capacitor is positively charge d otherwise
negatively charged..
Q#4:
Describe the force or forces on a positive point charge when
placed between parallel plates,
(a) With similar and equal charges.
(b) With opposite and equal charges.
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SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS OF SECOND YEAR 2
PHYSICS
Ans#4:
The electric force F on a charge q due to eclectic field E is given by
F= qE
(A) When a positive point charge is placed between parallel plates with
similar and equal charges. it will experience no electric force because
electric field between the plate is zero . F=qE
F=q(0) =0 → F=0
(B) When a positive pint charge is placed between the plates of the
Scapacitor it will experience electric force , F=qE S

Due to electric field set up from positive to negative .

Q#5:
Electric lines of forces never cross each other. Why?
Ans#5:
No, two electric lines of forces never cross each other because “E”
only one direction at a given point .if two lines cross each other then there
will be more directions at a point which is impossible.
Q#6:
If appoint charge q of mass m is released in a non uniform
electric field with field lines pointing in the same direction, will it make
a rectilinear motion?
Ans#6:
Motion along a straight line is called rectilinear motion when a
charge “q” of mass “m” is released in a non uniform electric field. It will
not move in a straight line and adopts irregular path due to variable electric
field.
Q#7:
Is E necessarily zero inside a charged rubber balloon if balloon is
spherical? Assume that charge is distributed uniformly over the
surface ?

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SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS OF SECOND YEAR 3
PHYSICS
Ans#7: Yes E is necessarily zero inside a charged rubber balloon if balloon
is spherical and enclosed no charge but chage is distributed uniformly over
its surface. According to Gauss’s law.

Фe =q/ε0=0/ ε0=0 → Фe = 0 --------1

From definition, Фe = E.A--------2
Putting equation 1 in eq 2 0= E.A A # 0 so, E=0
Q#8:
Is it true that Gauss’s law states that the total number of lines of
forces crossing any closed surface in the outward direction is
proportional to the net positive charge enclosed within surface?
Ans#8:
Yes, it is true that total no of lines of forces crossing any closed
surface in outward direction proportional to the net positive charge
according with surface in the outward direction proportional to the net
positive charge enclosed with in the surface .
According to Gauss’s law,
Фe =q/ε0 = constant x q
→ Фe α q here
q = net positive charge .
Фe =no of electric lines of force
Hence no of electric lines of forces are proportional to net positive charge
Q#9:
Do electrons tend to go to region of high potential or of low
potential?
Ans#9:
Electrons tend to go to a region of high potential because high
potential is more positive than the lower potential as the charge on electron
is negative.

CHAPTER # 13
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:-
Q#1:
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SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS OF SECOND YEAR 4
PHYSICS
A potential difference is applied across the ends of a copper wire
.what is the effect of drift velocity
(1) Increasing the potential difference.
(2) decreasing the length and the temperature of the wire.
Ans#1
The uniform velocity that the free electrons acqure opposite to the
electric field of battery is called the drift velocity.
(1) the increase of potential difference makes the electric field strong
which cases to increase the drift velocity
(2) the decrease in length an temperature of the wire which causes to to
increase the drift velocity of the free electron in the wire.
Q#2:
Do bends in wire effects it’s electrical resistance?
Ans#3
We know that R=ρ l/A with bends in a wire , its length (L) and area
of cross section (A) remains the same .hence bends in a wire do not affect
the electrical resistance (R) of the wire .
Q#4:
Why does the resistance of a conductor rise with temperature?
Ans#4
As temperature of the conductor rises the irrational amplitude of the
atoms of the conductor increases and hence the probability of collisions of
free electrons with them increases .at high temperature , the atoms offer a
bigger target-area to free electrons to collide with them and resistance of
conducer

-
-
increases.
Q5#:
What are the difficulties in testing whether the filament of
lighting bulb obeys ohm law?
Ans#5
At the beginning, when bulb is turned ON its filament is at low low
temrature and it obeys Ohm’s law. I α V

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SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS OF SECOND YEAR 5
PHYSICS
Later on when current rises to its maximum value .the maximum power
P=I2R dissipated across the filament which increases resistance but current
increases at lower rate and does not obey ohm’s law
Q#6:
Is the filament resistance lower or higher in a 500W, 220V light
bulb than in 100W, 220V bulb?
Ans#6
Resistance of 1st bulb= R1=?
Resistance of 2nd bulb =R2=?
Power of first bulb =P1=500 watts
Power of 2nd bulb=P2=100 watts
Voltage =V=220 volts
By applying the formula, P=V2/R → R=V2/P
For1stbulb = R1=V2/P1 (220)2/500 = 48400/500 = 96.8Ω
nd 2
For 2 bulb =R2=V /P2 (220)2/500 = 48400/100 = 484Ω
Q#7:
Describe a circuit which will giva a continuously varying
potential?

Ans#7
Potentiometer is an instrument which gives continuously varying
potential. Its circuit diagram is given as. When the sliding contact C is
moved from A to B ,r

varies from O to R and potential varies from O to E the current following

through is given by ; I=E/R …………1)
The potential drops across
‘r” is given by V=Ir as I=E/R so
V=E/R xr V= r/R E ………………2)
This gives us continuously varying potential
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SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS OF SECOND YEAR 6
PHYSICS

Q#8:
Explain why the terminal potential difference of a battery
decreases when a current drawn from it is increased?
Ans#8
The terminal potential difference is given by /
Vt= E –Ir ………1)
The emf E of cell is constant .when current I through is increases ,the
product Ir increases which cases to decrease the the terminal potential
difference Vt.
Q#9:
What is the wheat stone bridge? How can it be used to determine an
unknown resistance?
Ans#9
An electrical circuit devised by Professor Charles Wheatstone used
to determine unknown resistance is called wheat stone bridge.
It consists of four resistances R1, R2, R3, and R4. Connected in the form of
mesh ABCDA . a battery of emf E is connected between points A and C
through a switch S .a sensitive galvanometer is of resistance Rg is
connected between points B and D.
Its equation is , R1/R2 = R3/R4 ……….1)

Determination of unknown resistance:

To determine unknown resistance in the arm containing R4 (R4 =Rx
Then known value of R1, R2. And R3are so adjusted that galvanometer no
deflection .then from equation no i
R1/R2 = R3/Rx x = R2/R2 x R3

Chapter #14
Q#1
A plan conducting loop is located in a uniform magnetic field
that is directed along the x-axis .for what orientation of the loop is the
flux a maximum?. For what orientation is the flux a minimum?
Ans#1:
When plane of loop is placed perpendicular to the magnetic field the
flux will be maximum Фe = EAcos0 = EA (max)

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SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS OF SECOND YEAR 7
PHYSICS
When plane of loop is placed parallel to the magnetic field, the flux will be
minimum as, Фe = EAcos90 = 0 (min)
Q#2
A current in a conductor produces a magnetic field, which can
be calculated using Ampere’s law. Since current is defined as the rat of
flow of charges, what can you conclude about the magnetic field due to
stationary charges? What about moving charges?
Ans#2:
Magnetic field due to stationary charges is zero. Moving charges
produce magnetic field around them.
Q#3
Describe the magnetic field inside a solenoid carrying a steady
current I” if (a) the length is solenoid is doubled but the number of
turns remains the same and (b)the number of turns doubled but the
length remains same
Ans#3:.
The magnetic field due to solenoid is given by ,
B = μ0 n I As n = N /l so.B = μ0 (N/l )I
Case #1:
If the length is double and N remains the same .
B = μ0 (N/2l )I = 1/2 μ0 (N/l )I = 1/2 B
Which means magnetic field reduce to half
Case #2:
If the number of turns (N) is double and l remains the same.
B = μ0 (2N/l )I = 2 μ0 (N/l )I = 2 B

Which means magnetic field increases to two times?

Q#4
At a given instant the proton moves in the x direction in a region
where there is magnetic field in the negative z direction. What is
direction of the magnetic force? Will the proton continue to move the
positive x direction ? Explain
Ans# 4:
If proton moves along the positive x –axis in a region of magnetic
field is along negative z –axis .the magnetic force is given by R.H. rule ,
Fb = q(v x B) , this force(Fb) is along the positive Y- axis and it will be
start to move in circular path in xy plane around z –axis and it will not

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SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS OF SECOND YEAR 8
PHYSICS
continue to move in the positive x – direction.

Q#5
Two charged particles are projected into a region where there is
a magnetic field perpendicular to their velocities. If the charges are
reflected in opposite directions, what can you say about them?
Ans#5:
Two charge particles are projected in a magnetic field perpendicular
to its their velocity and they are deflected in opposite directions. As we
know that in magnetic field particles are deflected so they are oppositely
charged .So, one particle is positively charged and other is negatively
charged.
Q#6
Suppose that a charge q is moving in a uniform magnetic field
with a velocity v. Why is there no work done by the magnetic force that
acts on the charge q?
-Ans#6:
A charge q is moving in uniform magnetic field B, with a velocity V
in a
Circular path due to magnetic force. The angle between
magnetic force and velocity will be 900 .work done is given by ,
0 0 90o
W = F.d = Fd cos 90 =0 (as cos of 90 is zero).
So work is being done .
F

Q#7

If a charged particle moves in a straight line through some

region of space, can you say that the magnetic field in the region is
zero?
Ans#7:
No, when a particle moves in straight line in the direction of
magnetic field. B
. q o v
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SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS OF SECOND YEAR 9
PHYSICS

The force acting on charge will be zero as angle is 00 charge q and

magnetic field is parallel so,
F= qvBsin00 = qvB(0) = 0
Therefore we can not say magnetic field in this zero.
Q#8
Why does the picture on TV screen become distorted when a
magnet is brought near the screen?
Ans#:8
As the picture is formed on the TV screen due to the electrons , when
a magnetic is brought is near the TV screen ,the beam of electron is
deflected due the magnetic force which is given by, F= evBsinθ 0 .on the
each electron.
Q#9
Is it possible to orient a current loop in a uniform magnetic field
cush that the loop will tend to rotate? Explain.
Ans#9
The torque acting on a current carrying loop in the uniform magnetic
field is given by,
τ(torque )=NIABcosα ,Where α is the angle between B and plane of
loop .if α= 900 then cos of 900= 0 so torque will be zero here this shows that
if plane of loop is oreintted at 900 with B .Then loop will not tend to rotate.
Q#10
How can a current loop be used to determine the presence of a
magnetic field in a given region of space?
Ans#10:
When current carrying loop is placed in the presence of a magnetic
field with its plane makes an angle α with B .The torque acting on it will be
τ(torque )=NIBAcosα if current loop deflects , filed is present other wise
not.

Q#11
How can you use a magnetic field to separate isotopes of
chemical element?
Ans#11:

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SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS OF SECOND YEAR 10
PHYSICS
When isotopes of chemical element are projected in a magnetic field
at right angle. then magnetic force ,
Fb= evBsin90 = evB
Provide centripetal force , Fc = mv2/r
Bev = mv2/r r= mv/Be
Isotopes has same charge , but due to different masses they adopt different
paths due to which fall at different places and are separated .
Q 12:
What should be the orientation of a current carrying coil in a
magnetic field so that torque acting upon the coil (a)maximum (b)
minimum
Ans#12:
When the current carrying wire placed in the uniform magnetic
field . the torque acting on it is given by,
τ(torque )=NIBAcosα
where α is the angle between and plane of the coil
(a) when plane of the coil is oriented parallel to to B .then
α=0 and cos0 = 1 so, τ(torque )=NIBA(1) = NIAB(max) α=90
and cos 90 = 0 τ(torque )=NIBA(0) =0
at this the torque will be minimum.
Torque will be maximum
(b) when plane of coil is oriented at right angle to B then angle will be 90
so,
Q#13
A loop of wire is suspended between the poles of a magnet with
its plane parallel to the pole faces. What happens if a direct current uis
put through the coil? What happens if an alternating current is used
instead?
Ans#13:
Torque on loop wire is given by , τ(torque )=IBAcos α
When the loop of wire is suspended between the poles of a magnet with its
plan parallel to pole faces then α =90 and cos 90 = 0 then we get the
result
τ(torque )=IBAcos90 =0
if direct current or alternating current is passed through the coil .these
current have no effect on the loop

Q#14

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SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS OF SECOND YEAR 11
PHYSICS
Why the resistance of an ammeter should be very low?
Ans#14:
Ammeter is always connected in series the magnitude of current
decreases through through the circuit with the presence of ammeter .to
measure

I R
maximum current the resistance of ammeter should be very small as
compared to the resistance of circuit.
Ans#15:
Why the voltmeter should have a very high resistance?
Ans#15:
Voltmeter is always connected I in parallel with two points where
potential is to be measured. the potential across the points decreases with
presences of voltmeter because it draws some current Iv of the circuit . to
reduce the current through voltmeter ,the resistance of voltmeter should be
large as compared to the resistance of circuit .

A IR R B

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