Aaharasazaung Issue 89

trSwfpOf-89 Zlvdkif-6-2008
1
2
rmwdum
3 cspfaomrdwfaqGnDtpfudkarmifESrrsm;odkU
uAsm 36 tm[m&0d k i f ; awmf o m;wOD ;
4 csrf ; jr tm[m&pmtkypf if
tarodk@wrf;csif;-14 37 armifpdk;csdef
5 Zmenf a rmif wyfO;D ok@d twd zf iG ahf y;pm-62
wku d yf 0GJ ifpJ æ æ 45 oef @ Zif x G e f ;
6 &J & if h o uf Z G J &l;pAJh
tareJ@om;&J@urBm
7 rif ; &J a usmf p G m bmomjyef
axmif 23 CNN
8 &efEkdifxGef; qDyt
l ;dk xJu æ æ
Zmwford ;f cef;ukd æ æ
9 ausmf a Z,s(ynma&;) trSwfw&aqmif;yg;
wlnrD #um æ æ 12 zkd;oH (vlxk)
10 =unf a rmif o ef ; 7 &ufZv l idk &f @J orkid ;f
'Dy&*F 15 armif x if
11 (ck d i f ) ay:xG e f ; atmif Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;ukd æ æ
*%ef;vkdvlom; 18 xd e f v if ;
20 ukdaomf (PRMG) Zlvidk wf ap> æ æ
orkdif;0if wGifwhaJ e@ 39 armif p G r f ; &nf
OD;0if;wif&@J ajc&mrsm;
tawG;tjrifESifhokw?
jyef v nf q ef ; opf j cif ;
&o aqmif;yg;
&oaqmif yg;//
21 'D r k d u a&pD b uf a wmf o m;wOD ;
25 armif o pf q if ; 'Dr;dk 'Dav 'Dvl æ æ
a&S@a&;aqG;aEG;c%f;
27 &J & if h a tmif armif t m[m&
c&D;oGm;t&dyrf sm;
30 rif;xufrkd; (GHRE) 47 armifatmifvD ( tm[m&pmapmif )
av!Si;f rvm vrom o½kyfaz:yHkrsm;
32 aqmif ; armifatmifvD (tm[m&pmapmif)
trSwfw&oD;av;oD;
3
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H u kd =f u&wm ESpv f ausm&f cdS ahJ yr,fv h nf; avab;
'%foifhcHpm;cJh=u&aom jynfolawGtwGuf xda&mufwJh tultnDrsm; jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;ESifhxlaxmif
a&;qdkif&m tpDtpOfrsm;udk vkyfaqmifEdkifjcif; r&Sdao;wmudk jynfwGif;jynfyowif;rsm;/ tifwmeufowif;
rsm;t& od&SdcGifh &&SdcJh=uygw,f?vlrqefwJh ppftm%m&SifawG&J@vufatmufrSm jynfolawG[m 'kuQtvHk;pHkudk
cg;pnf;+yD; cHae=u&yg+yD? em*pfrkefwdkif;'%fa=umifh jynfolawGab;'kuQ}uHKawG@cJh=u/ }uHKawG@ae=u&wJhtcsdefrSm
vlrqefwhJ etz[m jynfoal wGukd u,fq,fa&;xuf tm%mwnf+rJa&;twGuf tjrwfxw k of mG ;wmudak wG@
=u&rSmjzpfygw,f? tajccHOya'qENc, H yl u
GJ kd jynfoal wG ab;'kuaQ &mufaeonf=h um;rS enf;rsKd ;pHo k ;kH +yD; tjywft
owf axmufcHrJrsm;eJ@tEdkif,loGm;cJh=uygw,f? avab;'kuQonfrsm;twGuf jynfwGif;jynfy&Sd apwem&Sifrsm;
EdkifiHwumrS tef*sDtdkrsm; tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifhukvor*~. ulnDyHhydk;r_rsm;udkvnf; jynfol@tusdK;xuf etzt
usKd ;twGuf tjrwfxw k cf =hJ uonf? jynfoal wG ab;'kuQ a0aecsed rf mS ppftm%m&l;awGtwGuu f awmh tjrwf}uD;
awG&cJh=uonf? rnfodk@yifjzpfapumrl jynfwGif;jynfy&Sd jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm;taejzifhab;'kuQa&mufae=uaom
jynfol jynfom;rsm;twGuf wwfpGrf;EdkifonfhbufrS ulnDyHhydk; ae=u&OD;rnfjzpfonf?vpfvsL&_xm;Ir&? av
ab;'kuo Q nfrsm;twGuf jyefvnfxal xmifa&;vkyif ef;rsm;u a&&Snv f yk af qmif&rnfh udpjP zpfonf?ud, k v f rl sKd ;
csif; 0dkif;0ef;vkyfaqmif=u&rnfh udpPjzpfonf?
jynfwiG ;f jynfy&Sd Edik if aH &;tzG@J tpnf;rsm;taejzifv h nf; wzufraS vab;'kuo Q nfrsm;twGuf jyefvnf
xlaxmifa&;qdik &f m tr_upd rP sm;udk 0dik ;f 0ef;ulnyD yhH ;kd &if; jynfov l x l =k um; pnf;&H;k v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;udu k s,u f s,jf yef@
jyef@ v_y&f mS ;=u&ef vdak yonf? 2010 ckEpS f a&G;aumufy}JG uD;u apmifq h ikd ;f vsu&f odS nf? etzppftm%m&Siaf wG
bufrSvnf; enf;rsdK;pHkoHk;+yD; tEdkif&a&;twGuf }udKwifjyifqifr_awG &Sdaeavmuf+yDjzpfonf?rdrdwdk@bufrSvnf;
tzufzufu vpf[mr_ r&Sdatmif }udKwifjyifqifxm;=urS awmfumusrnfjzpfonf? ppftm%m&Sifrsm;tae
jzifh wHk;wdkufwdkuf usm;udkufudkuf &moufyef ppftm%mwnf+rJa&;twGuf vkyfaqmifrnfrSm aocsmonf?
teft,fv'f u D v kd nf; r& &onfeh nf;jzifh +zdKcGi;f zdk @}udK;pm;vdrrhf nf? aiG tm%m &mxl;wd@k ukd toH;k jyK+yD; rJq, G f
r_ jrLqG,rf _ +cdr;f ajcmufrr_ sKd ;pHw k @kd jzifh 2010 a&G;aumufy}GJ uD;udk tEdik &f atmif vkyaf qmif=uvdrrhf nf? rdrw d @kd buf
rSvnf; xdpk ed af c:r_}uD;udk prf;oyfcEH ikd =f ubd@k vrkd nf? teft,fv'f u D kd 0dik ;f &H=ubd@k vrkd nf? etz rnfo@kd yiftjrwf
xkwo f mG ;aomfvnf; vlx}k uD;. &G&H mS rke;f wD;r_ukd aumif;aumif;}uD; cHae&+yDjzpfonf? ppfreS af omvlx. k axmuf
cHru_ rkd &bJ etzwd@k tm%m rwnf+rJEikd af y? onftcGit hf a&;ud,k +l yD; ppftm%m&Sif tm%m&l;wd@k ukd +zdKzsu=f u
&rnf? jynfov l x l }k uD;udk OD;aqmifEikd af tmif twdu k t f cHrsm;bufrS awmfveS af &;orm;rsm;bufrS }udK;yrf;=u&
rnf? jynfov l x l }k uD;tay: a0zefae=ubd@k xuf yg0ifvmatmif vlx}k uD;udk OD;aqmifEikd af tmif}udK;yrf;=u&efom
vdkonf? vlxk}uD;udk trSefwu,f OD;aqmifodrf;oGif;v_yf&Sm;Edkifonfhtcsdef[m etzppftm%m&l;wdk@ usqHk;
oGm;=u&r,fh tcsdefomjzpfonf?
jynfov l x l k udk uln=D u æ?
jynfov l x l k udk pnf;&H;k =u æ?
jynfolvlxk udk OD;aqmifEdkif&ef }udK;yrf;=uæ?
tm[m&0dik ;f awmfom;rsm;?
4
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19 July
(1947) *sLvkdifv-(19)&uf
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tJ'h aD eUrSm ...
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arQmfvifjh cif;awGukd ½du k cf sKd;oGm;w,f/
7 July
(1962) *sLvkdifv-(7)&uf
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(19 ZGef 2008)
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14
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15
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aomEd k i f i H o nf }uD ; yG m ;wd k ; wuf a om Ed k i f i H j zpf z d k @ &m vJr_ ay:ayguv f maomtcg [kr&R ;l / 'drk eD , D ef/ ud, k yf ikd tf yk f
a0;ao;onf? Tavmu vl@abmifuw kd nf&mY vlwikd ;f csKyfa&; tp&So d jzifh tajym}uD;cJh olw@kd onf 'dik t f mcD ac:
vlwidk ;f at;csr;f om,mpGmjzifh rdrt d vkyu f kd rdrd taESmuf a'oE &W tkycf sKyaf &; tjrpfw, G af tmife,fcs@J tm;taxmuf
t,Surf &Sd vkyu f idk I f aexkid pf m;aomuf=u&ef tvd&k o dS nf? tyhjH yKc=hJ uonf? jrefrmEdik if t H wGut f ajccHOya'jyKjyifajymif;
Ttvdu k dk jynf0h atmif &d;k om; ajzmifrh wfjcif;ukd tajccH vJrr_ sm; ay: ayguaf omtcg 91 Xmetkycf sKyfa&; udyk ifv#if
&rnfjzpfonf/ ok@d aomf ,ae@urBmol urBmom;wk@d .vkyyf kH e,fcs@J t}uKd uaf xmufcv H m=u&onf?vGwv f yfa&; }uKd ;yrf;
udik yf ukH dk =unhv f #if vGwv f yfjcif;/ w&m;r#wjcif;[laomp r_oabmudk rsuaf jcjywfvm=uonf?
um;wk@d udk wzGzG ajymae=uaomfvnf; &d;k om; ajzmifrh wf TonfwGif r&dk;rajzmifhaom EdkifiHa&;onf jref
onfh apwem csKd @wjhJ cif;a=umifh vGwv f yfjcif;ESihf w&m;r#w rmhv@l abmifukd vdu _ I f vdu _ I f pm;vmavownf;? xku d hJ
jcif;wdk@onf tb,ft&yfY acsmifcdk ae=uonfudkyif od@k aom tcsed t f cgrsKd ;wGif a&G;aumufyw JG ck vkyaf wmhrnf
u|Eyfk w f @kd rodEikd &f adS csonf? [kqdkv#if &yfx&J GmxJwGif ydkufqHa=umifh vl&m0if ae&m&
&d;k om;ajzmifrh wfjcif; vrf;pOfonfomv#iaf tmif aomol /umvom;acgi;f vkyaf eI trsm;ua=umuf&@HG ae&
jrifa=umif;vrf;pOfjzpfonf? a&S;acwfu u|Ekfyfwdk@onf ol/ pGmus,pf mG us,v f yk w
f wfI vlwiG u f s,jf zpf& aomol/
vGwv f yfa&;}udK;yrf;r_trsKd ;rsKkd ;wd@k ukd aqmif&u G cf =hJ uonf? rif;uyfp;kd ajrmS ifvyk I f xrif;pm;aeaomol Tolxo kd l wnf;
17
[laom vl@AvvltE<vo l n k wd@k onf vlxu k kd 'vdr@f acguf &ao;onf? ok@d aomf use&f pfcahJ om u|Eyfk w f @kd onf Adv k cf sKyf
auG; vdrahf tmifvrSd =hf uonf?tcsKd @uwdik ;f jynftwGuf rnfr# rpm;bJ pGe@f omG ;aom t&mwd@k ukd a&&SnYf 00vifvifpm;
avmuf cspyf gonf[q k I kd ikjd y=uonf/ vlxk onf Edik if aH &; Edik bf @kd &m Adv k cf sKk yf. vkyyf v kH yk f enf;wd@k ukd em;vnfatmif
Zmwform; tvGr;f o,fonfut kd [kwrf w S I f vGr;f =uonf? avvmoiho f nf?
tcsKd @uwdik ;f jynftwGuf rnfr#avmuf cspyf gonf[q k I kd Adv
k cf sKyf. awmfveS af &;onf txajrmufco hJ nf?
vufo;D vufarmif;wef;um e,fcs@J uq kd qJ }kd urd ;f armif;onf? tb,fah =umifh txajrmufco hJ enf;? Adv k cf sKyo f nf vlxu k
vlxo k nf Edik if aH &;0\uykÀm;ukd tmZmenf[k xifrw S f tvGef}udKufaomtcgwGif vlxkvGrf;&atmif idkjyjcif;
I a&ma,mifuma&&Gwq f aJ &;=uonf?aemufq;kH Y tvGr;f a=umifh atmifjrifco hJ avm? vlxu k t=urf;}uKd ufonft h
o,frad om vlxo k nf Edik if aH &; Zmwform;u tkypf m;oGm; cg EdkifiHa&;ywf=urf;wdkufI jyjcif;a=umifh atmifjrifchJ o
aoma=umihf wu,fyif id&k aomude;f od@k qdu k cf o hJ nf? avm? a&S;uemrnfausmf Edik if aH &;acgi;f aqmifw@kd trsm;yif
Edik if aH &;0\uykÀm;ajrSmihyf ifah y;onfukd vku d f xGe;f um;cJ. h ? xkad cgi;f aqmifw@kd onf vlxu k idk akd tmif/ &,f
Ivkyrf ad omvlxo k nf e,fcs@J orm;eHygww f w k af =umihf xdyf atmif/ vufo;D vuf armif;wef;atmif/ ykÀuwku d af tmif
ayguaf cgi;f uGjJ zpf&+yD;v#if aq;&Hu k rdk #yifv#if rwufEikd af om trsdK;rsdK; zefwD;Edkifaom t&nftcsif;&Sd.? zGifhajymI r
a=umihf xH;k eEGi;f ESit hf emuko d yd +f yD; usw d u f &k onf? idjk yaom aumif;aoma=umifh om usaemfrajymvk?d usaemfi,fpOfu
acgif;aqmifESifh zdef@zdef@wkefatmif }udrf;armi;faom acgif; vkxu k wkd xdik x f w J iG f idak tmif&,fatmifvyk cf ahJ om Edik if H
aqmifw@kd um; e,fcs@J xyH g;wGif jym;jym;0yfum vcud, k =l u a&;acgi;f aqmif }u;D wOD;udk awG@b;l onf/ xdak cgi;f aqmif}u;D
onf?TuJhokd@ r&dk;rajzmifhaomolwdk@ EdkifiHa&;e,fy,fxJ onf rD;&xm; wGw J ckwiG o f . l aemufvu kd af emufyg uyfyg;
wGif vlwiG u f s,f vkyv f mjcif;a=umihf jrefrmvl@abmifavm &yfyg;wd@k EiS t hf wl pm;vm;aomufvm;/ aysmaf ysm&f i$ &f i$ f c&D;
uxJwiG f tvkyo f rm;. v,form;jy\emwd@k onf xGi;f oGm;aepOf rD;&xm;onf ol. rJqEN&iS f vlx&k &dS m blwmod@k
IxGi;f I pm;vmonf/ uk, d yf ikd tf yk cf sKyfa&;ukd wpwp a&; qdu k af &mufvmonf? xdt k cg w[m;[m;ESihf &,farmae
atmif wdu k yf q JG ifrnf[k toHAvHay;aecsed w f iG f cspwf ;D wd@k aom acgi;f aqmif}uD;tm; vufyg;apwOD;u acgi;f aqmif
onf jrefrmhv,f,m acsmif;ajrmif;wdk@udk wck+yD;wckodrf; }uD;. rJqENe,fxo J @kd a&mufvmyg+yD[k owday;onf?
aeonf? +Aw d o d # t&if;&Siw f @kd onf jrefrmho,HZmw ypPn;f xkad cgi;f aqmif}uD;onf &,farm&mrS &kww f &uf
rsm;udk wck+yD;wck xkwEf w k , f al eonf? xd@k a=umihv f ,fceG f &yfI rD;&xm;xJrS acgif;jyLxGuf+yD;v#if 4if;.rJqEN&Sif
awmfray;a&;/ vlrsdK;a&;t"du&k%f;/ tvkyform;oydwf/ rsm;tm; ol. vGwv f yfa&;}udK;yrf;r_c&D; =urf;wrf;vSonf
awmifolv,form; olykef[lI wck+yD;wckay:aygufvm ESifh rsuf&nfusrda=umif; a[majym&if; E_wfqufonf?
onf? Tod@k ay:ayguv f m&ygaomfvnf; tkycf sKyfol +Aw d o d # acgif;aqmif}uD; .rsufpdxrJ S rsuf&nfwdk@onf ykvif;xJrS
wd@k onf e,fcs@J twGuf romacgi;f avmif;xd;k oHukd r=um;rd vufuse0f pD uD awmufawmuf awmufawmuf usqif;
acs? =uufr}uD;onf =uufuav;udk vSnphf m;bdouJo h @kd bdouJh usqif;vmav.? Tenf;jzifv h #if acgi;f aqmif}u;D
r&d;k rajzmifo h w l @kd . t=um;0,f vSnphf m;jcif;udo k mv#if zdI onf a&G;aumufyYJG atmifjrifru _ kd &cJo h nf?
vkyaf eonf? Advk cf sKyfopPmcHonfrmS u|Eyfk w f @kd . jrefrmEdik if u H dk
TtajcwGif EdkifiHa&;a&pkefarsmvm+yDudk od&Sd omjzpfonf? xk@d a=umifAh v kd cf sKyfw@kd . vkyef nf;vky[ f efukd
aomAdv k cf sKyfatmifqef;acgi;f aqmifonhf Edik if cH spv f il ,fw tjypfqb kd , G &f mrjrif/ e,fcs@J vufatmufrS vGwaf jrmuf
odkufay:xGef;vmcJhonf? xdk@a=umifhvnf; jrefrmEdkifiHwGif atmif awmfveS o f nht f &mwGif tb,frnfaom e,fcs@J ukd
udk,fxdvufa&muf aqmif&Guf&aom awmfvSefa&;}uD; opPmapmif&h ygrnfenf;? ok@d aomf Tae&mY usaemfonf
onf ay:ayguv f mcJjh cif;jzpf.? Adv k cf sKyf ud, k x f v d ufa&muf pGypf cJG suw f @kd ukd cGe;f axmufcI H ajz&Si;f bd@k &m &nf&, G &f if; r
vkycf ahJ om awmfveS af &;onfatmifjrifco hJ nf? ,ae@u|Eyfk f [kw?f Adv k cf sKyfudk rSm;onf[q k q
kd /dk rSeof nf[q k q kd dk qkcd sif
wdk@onf AdkvfcsKyf. atmifjrifr_udk t&if;tESD;jyKI pm; &mqkyd gap? od@k aomf Adv k cf sKyfonf ol@trSm;wd@k ukd zH;k uG,f
aomufae=uonf r[kwaf vm? Adv k cf sKyfonf awmfveS f &ef4if;/ ol@trSew f @kd udk yH}k u;D cs@J =uap&ef4if;/ vlxu k v kd n S jhf zm;
a&;rSxu G af om tjrwfw@kd ukd wjym;wcsyrf S rcHpm;cJ&h ? rcH I r&d;k rajzmifah om Edik if aH &;tvkyu f kd rvkycf o hJ nfrmS trsm;
pm;&onfhtjyif vl@Amvwdk@. vkyf}uHjcif;udkyif cHvdkuf todyifjzpfonf?
18
&yfwnfEdkifjcif;yifjzpfonf? vlxkudk wcgvdrfaomf&
AdkvfcsKyfonf *syefukd ac:xkwfvmaomtcg ol
ac:xkwEf ikd &f eftvd@k imS vlxt aumif;.? od@k aomf vlxo
k m; vSnyhf wfjzm;a,mif;jcif; k nf }urd zf efrsm;pGm vdraf omoludk
rjyK/ &dk;&dk;yif ,Hk,Hk=unf=unfESifh ac:aqmifvmonf? xdk@ jyefI '%fcwfavh&o dS nf/,ae@tzd@k vlxo k nf Edik if aH &;vdrf
a=umifhvnf; awmfvSefa&;udk ,Hk=unfaom jrefrmwrsdK; aumufr[ _ o l r#w@kd ukd '%fcwf&ef t&dyt f uJudk =unhaf e=u
om;vH;k u Akv d cf sKyf *syefuydk ifv onf? od@k aomf Adv k cf sKyf. awmfveS af &; tjrwfupkd m;Iae
h mojzifh igw@dk aqGrsKd ;wawG
ypPn;f qH;k yg;&ygonf? toufao&ygonf[I =uaom acgi;f aqmif tac:cHotl rajym=u l csKd @w@kd onf Adv k cf sKyf.
acs? vGwv vkyef nf;vky[
f yfa&;tvd@k imS awmfveS af &;,pfyv†iYf Adv f efw@kd ukd arhavsmI
k cf sKyf h ae=u+y?D 4if;wd@k vlxak cgi;f
ukyd if trSL;xm;I toufaoG;cJw@kd ukd ylaZmfc=hJ uonf? wpHkaqmif jzpfvm&onfrmS bke;f a=umif[ h k atmufarhvm=u+yD
w&mr# rnnf;wGm;cJ/h wpHw v#if vlxt
k &mr# rwkev k m; TauG@usv#if TwufEiS ahf vSm&f ef/ xkad uG@
f y_ cf ?hJ xk@d aemufAv kd f
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rmhtay:opPmrJv h monfuakd wG@co &d;k &d;k ajzmifah jzmifh vkyo
hJ nf?xkt d cgYvnf; Adv f mG ;&ef rawG;=uao;acs? rdrw
k f d @kd &m
csKyo xl;ESihf tcGit
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apwemESio hf t l rSm;ukd vlxu Edik if aH &; pnf;&H;k r_Yom arG@avsm&f ef &nfoefae=uonf?
k vufcv H matmify&d,m,f
rqifchaJ cs? rvSnhfjzm;cJhacs? ywWD;r&dkufchaJ cs? “udk,fhvlwdk@/ EdkifiHa&;vkyfief;pOf oabmukdajym&v#if u|Ekfyf
*syef zufqpfuawmh igw@kd wEdik if v wdk@onf jynfolydkif[kqdkv#if jynfolydkifpepfudk &dk;&dk;ajzmifh
H ;kH udk yg;&du k f vm+y?D igw@kd
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*syefuadk wmfveS rf jS zpfr,f? ”[k &d;k &d;k ajzmifh ajzmifah jymI *s
yefzufqpfukd awmfveS cf o ajym=uv#if 'Drdkua&pDudk &dk;&dk;ajzmifhajzmifh vkyfoGm;
hJ nf/ *syefzufqpfukd awmfveS af e
pOf +Aw d o d sS uv =uv#if ratmifjrifp&m r&Sd?
kd nf; awmfveS rf jS zpfrnf [k ESv;kH oGi;f &S&d if;t
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k =kH unf=unf&;kd &d;k ajzmifh f q k akd omol onfow l yg;vkyf
ajzmihEf iS hf vkycf . hJ ? ief;udk igw@kd tydik w f ufp;D &ef[al om r&d;k ajzmifo h nfrh eodum
ol@tvkyu f o &udk ESvHk;oGif;onf? 'Drdkua&pD[k atmf[pfoluvnf;
kd l &d;k &k;d ajzmifah jzmifh vkycf jhJ cif;a=umifh
vnf; awmfveS af &;+yD;oGm;aomtcg *syeftrsKd ; om;wd@k u bmrqdk ol@oabmESifhol vkyfzdk@ [laom r&dk;ajzmifh
4if;/ +Aw d o onfh reodum&udk ESvHk;oGif;onf? T vkyef nf;vky[
d #trsKd ;om;wd@k u4if; ol@ukd av;pm;=uonf/ *syef f ef
zufqpfEiS f +h Adwo twkid ;f vkyaf e=urnfqykd gu ra0;aom umvwGif qd&k ,
d # e,fcs@J w@kd onf &efojl zpfaom Adv k cf sKyf S f
atmifqef;udk trSeyf if tpdr;f vdu vpfp;D yGm;a&; &nfreS ;f csuEf iS hf 'Dru
k 0f g;I pm;vk=d uonf? od@k kd a&pD Edik if aH &; &nfreS ;f csuf
aomf &d;k ajzmifrh u wd@k onf rkcs usq;kH &rnfjzpfonf?
_ dk wefb;kd xm;wwfaom *syeftrsKd ;om;wd@k
ESihf +Adwo d #trsKd ;om;wd@k onf Adv awmfvSefa&;ae@ a&muf+yD[kqdkv#if u|Ekfyfwdk@
k cf sKyfudk rnfonhef nf;ESihf
r# txif rao;=uacs? Akv tm;vH;k onf Adv
d cf sKyfonf awmfveS af &;vkyif ef;k cf sKyfatmifqef;[k E_wcf rf;zsm;wGiw f ifI
twGuf jrefrmwrsKd ;om;vH;k tm; &mxl;ESi4hf if;/ tcGit ajym=uonf? ,ae@wikd f Adv hf a&; k cf sKyaf tmifqef;emrnfudk trsm;
uyifrw
ESi4hf if;/ trawmfa=u;ESi4hf if;/ jynfawmfomESi4hf if;/ oGi;f ukef S rf ad eonfrmS aus;Zlwifp&myifjzpf.?od@k aomfAv kd f
vdik pf ifEiS 4hf if; jzm;a,mif;jcif;ukd rjyKvkyaf cs? AdvcsKyaf tmifqef;. tawG;tac: vkyef nf;vky[
k cf sKyf vkycf hJ f efw@kd urdk u l m;
or# rSeo f nfvn;f&. u|Eyfk w
dS ?rSm;onfvn;f &S. f @kd rSwrf cd sirf S rSwrf v
d ? od@k aomfreS af om d rd rhf nf? rsm;aomtm;jzifh arhuek f
tcg Adv =u+y?D reufjzefavmufqv
k cf sKyfonf ‘ig@a=umif’h [k 0if0h gjcif;rjyK? rSm;onft kd #if Adv
h cg k cf sKy. f emrnfukd rSwrf =d uyg
‘igah =umihrf mS ; wmr[kwzf ;l /b,fo@l a=umifb OD;rnfavm? h /J b,f0gah =umifh
bJ’vS;D v$J I rajym? rSm;onfjzpfp/ rSeo rSwrf yd gao;w,f[k qdo
f nfjzpfap/ awmfveS f k &l tdS /hH xkv d ol nf r&d;k r
a&;vrf;a=umif;udk ajzmifah jzmifrh wfrwfav#mufonf? pum; ajzmifah om oabmw&m;wd@k udk &k;d om;ajzmifrh wfrE_ iS hf awmf
ukd vnf; auG@vnfacsmifywf rajym/ tvkyu vSeEf ikd rf o S m wu,frw
f v S rf yd gao;onf[k u|Eyfk w
kd nf; vdrf f @kd ,=kH unf
vnfvn S jhf zm;I rvky?f Edik rf nfjzpfonf?
xd@k a=umifv h nf; Adv k cf sKyfukd vlxu k toJpjJG cif;jzpf
.?xdk@a=umifhvnf; AdkvfcsKyf.xHyg;0,f }uD;rm;aom ( q&marmif x if . ‘ArmEd k i f i H a &;ok c rd e f ’ pmtk y f r S
taqmufttH&k o dS nfh vlxpk nf;&H;k jcif;onf rwfrwfrm;rm; jyefvnf ul;,lazmfjyygonf?)
19
Zlvdkifwap>tm; OD;!Gwfjcif;
(xdev f if;)
Zlvikd vf (5)/2005
ausmif;om;vli,frsm;[m wdik ;f jynfwck&@J tem

*wfukd ud, k pf m;jyKxm;olawGjzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifrh @kd ausmif;
om;vli,frsm;&J@b0[mvn;f wdik ;f jynf&@J tem*wfb0yg
yJ? 'Dtqd[ k m b,fawmhrS ajymif;vJr,ft h qdk r[kwyf gb;l ?
'ga=umifrh @kd vli,frsm;&J@ tcGit hf vrf;awGukd ydwyf ifjcif;vd@k
qdv k Ekd ikd yf gw,f?'Daumufcsuf rSm;,Gi;f r_ r&Sb d ;l qd&k ifawmht
a&S@awmiftm&SEikd if rH sm;rS 'kw, d t}uD;rm;qH;k wdik ;f jynf jzpf
wJh jrefrmEdik if [ H m ysupf ;D aewJh tem*wfwpfcu k akd yG@yu
kd f xm;
ae&yg+yD?
urBmay:uEdik if rH sm;rSm ausmif;om;t&G,v f il ,f
rsm;&J@ tcef;u¾u ol@Eikd if H ol@a'otavsmuf ta&;ygr_
&S=d urSmyg? 'gayr,fh jrefrmEdik if u H ausmif;om;vli,frsm;&J@
tcef;u¾eJ@awmh uGjJ ym;wJt h aetxm;awG&adS eEdik yf gw,f?
aocsmwmwck u awmh jref r mEd k i f i H & J @ ausmif ; om;vl
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jrefrmEdkifiHa&; ordkif;umv&Snf}uD; wav#mufvHk;a&S@ ae@&uf w&ufjzpfovdk Zlvikd v f 7 &ufae@uvnf; tm%m
wef;u yg0ifcJhw,fqdkwJh tcsufygyJ? &Sipf epfatmuf jrefrmEdik if rH mS ausmif;om;rsm; pwifaoG;ajr
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at; jrom,mr,fv@kd a,bk,s ajymqdEk ikd yf gw,f? 'gayr,fh Zlvdkif v 19&ufae@ EdkifiHawmfvkyf}uHr_eJ@ywfoufwJh
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&Szd @kd rajymeJ@ jrefrmhordik ;f rSmawmif r&Sb d ;l oli,fcsi;f / ud, k t hf rsKd ;udk jyef uk, d &f nf udk,fhpdwf udk,fajzwJh taeavmufyJ
aoG;a&;wJh &mZ0ifawGxrJ mS om &Sw d mygumG ? rSew f majymvd@k temay: 'kwu f s+y;D tckvkd ajymae/ qdak e/ pum;Edik f vkae/
rcHEikd &f if rif;udk igar;r,f? wu,fjynfou l kd cspv f @kd u,fwifcsiw f ,f/ 'Drukd a&pD ud, k t hf jrife@J rwl a0zefou l kd &efol pydik f
wdu k yf JG 0ifwu kd rf ,fq&kd if rif; ige@J twl jyefvu kd v f m+yD; wdu k yf 0JG if&v
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ESpaf ygi;f (40)ausmt f wGi;f rSm jynfoal wGukd qif;&Jatmif/ pm;0wfaea&;twGuf --- ---
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+y?D wae@wjcm; 'd@k Eikd if }H u;D pkwjf ywf vmwmxuf wae@wae@ olw@kd Adu k bf ,fvdk a0;aygh æææ
jznfh &r,fqw kd m pOf;pm;ae=uw,f? tvkyt f udik rf &S/d vkypf &m r&Sad wmh rd;k vif;
vm&if aiGcsucf si;f &vG,w f hJ enf;enf;&if;&if rsm;rsm;&avrvm;qk+d y;D w&m;r0if
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avmufysuyf su/f xDx;kd vd@k b,favmufrrJG JG *&krpdu k bf ;l ? Edik if aH &;pdwrf 0ifpm;av
( 'Drdkua&pDbufawmfom;wOD; )
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ukr&wJh attdik 'f t D uf(p) Edik if aH &mufawmhrmS yJ? twdck sKyfvu kd af wmh rif;wd@k u (54)wdUk wiG f az:jycJNJh y;D aom aqmif;yg;
om 'Dru kd a&pDbmnm atmfae=uwm/ 'd@k jynfoal wGu pdwrf 0ifpm;=uawmhb;l ? tm; jyefvnf az:jyvdu k &f ygonf/ __
t&ifwek ;f uvdk jynfyu toHviG w hf mawGukd ar#mv f ifw h }u;D / pdw0f ifwpm;eJ@ em;
raxmif=uawmhb;l ?tckEikd if w H um abmvH;k yG/J ud&k ;D ,m;&kyjf rifo=H um; Zmwfvrf;
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24
apmifwxnfjzifth yk vf #uf ppfaq;a&;*dwrf sm;udk a&Smifwrd ;f cJ&h onf? vrf;ray:&Sad ejcif; r[kwbf J avSwpif;
ay: a&mufaevdv k o S nf?rif;&J@yck ;kH udk ausm+f y;D =unfv h u kd rf o d nfEiS hf oifb,fob l ,f0gqw kd mudk odonfEiS w hf +yKd iw f nf; axmif
oGi;f tusO;f cs cH&jcif;/ ESyd pf ufniS ;f yrf;jcif;rSpI aoqH;k onftxd &ifqikd &f Ekid af om tajctaersK;d jzpfonf?olv#KZd mwfvrf;
ESiyhf if wlaeao;awmhonf? ok@d aomf (w±kwjf ynfo@l ae@pOf) pDteJ t f eJ o
f wif;XmerS ‘Je&f pfAm;pfu rkew f ikd ;f a=umifh pkwjf ywf
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&jcif;xuf tqaygi;f rsm;pGm omvGeaf eayonf?
,cktcg tE &W m,fuif;vGw&f m vGwaf jrmufe,fajrod@k jyefvnfajccsEikd +f yDjzpfaom &pfAm;pfu wu,fv@dk om
obm0tE &W m,fta=umif; owif;,laewJo h wif;axmuf wa,mufukd ppftyk pf u k tonf;toef vku d zf rf;aew,fqkd
&if u,fq,fa&;0efxrf;awGq&dk if b,fvkd tE &W m,fawGe@J rsm; &ifqikd af e&ygrh vJ[k ar;cGe;f xkwcf o hJ nf?“wwdik ;f jynfv;kH
[m }urd jf cif;xJ xnfyh w d xf m; cHae&ovkyd ”J [kvnf; oluajymonf? ppftyk pf . k uk, d w fh idk ;f jynfu, kd f tusO;f csxm;vko d nfh
twWa=umifyh if jynforl sm;rSm tckxuf ydrk kd aoqH;k Edik zf , G f tajctaewGi&f adS =umif;vnf; xnfo h iG ;f ajym=um;oGm;onf?
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om;rsm;u AD'G , D rdk w
S w f rf; ±kud u f ;l Edik cf ahJ =umif;vnf;ajymonf? tpd;k &w&yftaeESihf Tod@k aom vky&f yfrsK;d ESihf ywfoufquf
EG,af ejcif;rSm rjzpfoifah =umif;ESihf Tt&monf zH;k uG,x f m;&rnfh udprP sK;d vnf;r[kwaf =umif; &pfAm;pfu qufvufajymoGm;
onf? “obm0uyfab;udk bma=umifrh sm; olw@kd u zH;k uG,zf @kd }uKd ;pm;ae&ovJqw dk m em;udrk vnfb;l / 'gu olw@kd vyk v f @dk jzpf
vmwmvJr[kwb f eJ @J ?tJ'guu kd ppftyk pf &k ŒJ ±kyyf v kH m$ tppftrSeyf jJ zpfw,f? tJ'guu kd urBm}u;D udk r,Ho k uFmp&mjzpfvmap&
wmyJ”[kvnf; qufvuf ajym=um;oGm;onf/
&pfAm;pfonf em*pfpq f idk u f vke;f rkew f idk ;f 0ifar$jcif; cH&+yD;aemuf &uftenf;i,ft=umwGif jrefrmEdik if t H wGi;f &Sd
rkew f idk ;f '%fukd trsm;qH;k cHc&hJ +y;D vlaygi;f axmifEiS ahf omif;ESichf sI D a&epfaoqH;k cJ&h onfh pwk&ef;rkid (f 2000) xufrenf;aom
{&m0wDjrpf0u|e;f ay:a'ook@d 0ifa&mufomG ;cJjh cif;jzpfonf? &pfAm;pfonf obm0uyfab; tawG@t}uKH EiS hf pdr;f ol r[kwaf y?
2004 ckEpS u f tif'ekd ;D &Sm;Edik if /H bef'gtwfa&S;wGif qlemrDa=umifjh zpfay:&aom ysupf ;D qH;k ±_;H r_rsm;t=um;wGif &Sad ecJo h nf? 2005
atmufwb dk mvwGirf l (7‹5) r*~eu D sK&Sad om ivsi'f %fa=umifv h al ygi;f (75˜000)aoausysupf ;D cJah om tdE, dN ESihf ygupPwef
wGi&f adS ecJo h nf?
“usaemfxw d v f ef@wek v f y_ pf &m jrifuiG ;f awG trsm;}uD; awG@z;l }uHKzl;ygw,fAsm? 'gayr,fh jrefrmjynfwiG ;f tajct
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25
aeuawmh qk;d udq k ;dk vGe;f ygw,f? cifAsm;=um;zl;xm;wJh pdwx f cd udk pf &m Zmwfvrf;awGvrdk sK;d wu,ft h jzpftysurf sK;d vk@d ajym
&ygvrd rhf ,f?
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tjzpftysuaf wGygy”J [kajymonf?“tultnDay;wJh axmufyahH &;pepfawGuvnf; qd;k qd;k 0g;0g;udyk gy”J [kajymonf?rkew f ikd ;f
'%f tcH&qH;k a'orsm;od@k omG ;&eftwGuf ysupf ;D aeaom vrf;rsm;rS tenf;qH;k (8) em&Dc&D; um;armif;oGm;&rnfjzpfonf?
bef'gtma&S;. qlemrD'%f rcH&rDtajctaeonf jrefrmEkid if u H o hJ @kd yif jzpfonf[k olu E_id ;f ,SOjf y.? ivsijf yif;tm; (9)r*~eD
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awmif;,lum olw@kd vufo@kd jzef@a0xm;aom a&;Am;pf. "mwfyEkH iS w hf u dk I f ppfaq;=unf±h c_ ahJ =umif; a&;Am;pfu ajymonf?
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cJ&h w,f”tylcsed f (104) 'D*&Dzm&if[u dk f &Sad eaom vrf;ray: av#mufomG ;aeaomol@tm; vltrsm;u b,fov l /J b,f
uvmovJ ponfjzifh ar;cJh=u+yD; wa,mufurl pDtkdifatuvm;[kar;a=umif;vnf; ajymonf? “usaemfhyHkpHu
rouFmp&mjzpfaewJh yHyk ”J [kvnf; qufvufajym=um;cJo h nf?uHaumif;axmufrpGmjzifh ppfaq;a&; t&Sm&Srd sm;onf ol.
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udv k nf;aumif; rodc=hJ uay?
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xdwv f ef@ cJ&h a=umif;udv k nf; qufvuf ajymjycJo h nf? awmxJawmifxrJ jS zwfI vrf;av#mufaepOftwGi;f jzpfay:vmonfh
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qdw k mrodwm&,f/ olw@dk [m usaemfw@dk ukd tcsed rf a&G;ypfowf+yD; jrpfxyJ pfcs tpazsmuf+yD;awmh rawmfwq aoqH;k oGm;
w,fv@kd ajymvdu k v f @kd &aew,fqw kd m&,f”wae&mwGif ol.ywfpyf @kd wt f m; ppfaq;pOf olu aemufq;kH emrnfukd vufjzifzh d
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(cgumbd&k mpD 0ufbq

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26
a½SUa&; (117)
vlvwfwef;pm; ½Syd gw,fwYJ q&m/
Nird ;f / / aMomf arQmv f ifcY su?f arQmv f ifcY su?f Nird ;f / /tr,f tJ'gb,fou l ajymwmvJAs/
arQmfvifYEdkifzdkYudkyJ arQmfvifYae&ygvm;uG,f? ode;f / / ajymolu w½kwt f pd;k &t&m½Sw d
odef;/ / tr,fr,fa[Yv?l rBu;D ri,feYJ yg; OD;qdyk AJ s? b,fou Yl kd ajymwmvJqakd wmY Yahoo tif
pyfubmawG½w G af ewmvJ?&nf;pm;pma&;aewmvm;/ wmeuf0ufqu kd f wnfaxmifow l OD;udak jymwmwJAY sm?
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csufeJY&efjzpfaewmyg/ azgufonfcswmyg/
odef;/ / Asm? arQmv f ifcY suef &YJ efjzpfaew,f? Nird ;f / / tr,f w½kww f a,mufu arQmf
[kwpf ? jzpf&avudNk ird ;f &,f? arQmv f ifcY suq f w kd m &ef vifYcsufpum;awG bmawGawmif ajymEdkifaeNyDaygY?
jzpf&wmr[kwfbl;q&m&JU?olvmcsifatmif acsmYac: EdYk aeygOD;? vlvwfwef;pm;qdw k mudk tck bmeJw Y ikd ;f
&wmAs? acsmYac:&wm/ aeMuvdw Yk ek ;f ? usaemfwYkd odcYJ zl;wmawmY ydik q f ikd rf eI YJ
Nidrf;/ / awmfygAsm? acsmY ac:aewm b,f wdkif;wm wmyJAsm? ukefvkyfypönf;rsm;rsm;ydkifol[m
avmufMumNyv D ?J ESpf ESpq f ,favmufawmif ½Sad wmY t&if;½Si?f toift Y wifyY ikd q f ikd o f u l awmY vlvwfwef;
r,f?t&dyfta,mifav;awmifjyaz:r&ao;bl;?tJ'g pm;?'Dvkd r[kwv f m;?tJ tJ ynmwwfvjJ zpfao;w,f
aMumifY arQmv f ifY Edik pf rG ;f av;½Szd u Ykd ykd J arQmv f ifaY e&wm aygY/
aygYAsm/ ode;f / / [kwyf gY?'gayr,fY tckawmYvv l wf
ode;f / / tif; udNk ird ;f ajymrSyJ ud, k u Yf , kd u
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qdak wmY usaemfw[ Ykd m vlvwfwef;pm;awG rjzpfMu ode;f / / vlvwfwef;pm;qdw k m pdw&f UJ tajc
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Nird ;f / /[m bmqdik v f v Ykd AJ s?arQmv f ifcY surf YJ Nird ;f / / Asm pdw&f UJ tajctae..½Si;f prf;yg
wmeJY vlvwfwef;pm; rjzpfwmeJ?Y q&mY[m Munfv Y J OD;Asm/
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Nird ;f / / bmtqdrk sm;ygvdr/Yf aiGenf;wJY tqifu Y ae b0tqift Y wef; jrifjY rifaY e
ode;f / / arQmv f ifcY su½f w dS vYJ al wG½w dS aYJ e&m Edik v
f rd rYf ,fvYkd ,HMk unfoal wG? ud, k o Yf m;orD;awG t
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Nird ;f / / b,fEY , S f b,fEY , S /f tJ'v D kd ,HMk unfoal wG[m vlvwfwef;pm;ygyJwAYJ sm/
ode;f / / arQmv f ifcY suef v YJ al wG½w dS t YJ &yfrmS Nird ;f / /[if ol[ Y mu vlvwfwef;pm;qdk
27
wm olpY w d x f rJ mS wif jzpfaewJo Y abmaygY/ Nird ;f / / tif; 'Dtwdik ;f qdk zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wufwYJ
ode;f / / [kwo f As? vlraI ½GUvsm;ajymif;vJ Edik if aH wGeYJ aemufaumufus use&f pfcMYJ uwJY qif;&JrJG
rIudk,HkMunf&if? udk,fYom;orD;awG[m udk,fYxuf aw zGwb f ;kd at Edik if aH wG&UJ Mum;rSm jcm;xm;wJrY sO;f u
aumif;rGew f YJ vlaerIb0udk &MuvdrrYf ,fvYkd ,HMk unf arQmfvifYjcif;yJaygYaemf/
&if 0ifaiGw&myJ&&? wpfaomif;yJ&& ud, k aYf cgif;xJ ode;f / / ,laomf&\aygY q&m/
rSm ud, k [ f m vlvwfwef;pm; jzpfEikd yf gowJAY sm/ Nird ;f / / tif;enf;ynmwd;k wufvmvdYk urÇm
Nird ;f / / acgif;xJrmS wif vlvwfwef;pm;jzpf Bu;D jym;vmaeNyaD jymMu&wJY 'DaeYumvBu;D rSm w½kw?f
wmawmY bmvkyfzdkYvJ udkodef;&,f? pdwful;,Ofwm tdE´d,eJY t&ifqdkAD,uftifydkif,mxJuEdkifiHawG[m
oufoufy[ J m? r[kwrf v S aJG &m 'g[m t&if;½Siv f uf olwYkd jynfwiG ;f jyóemawGeYJ vH;k 0pif;vH;k acsmBu;D r
opfawGu qif;&Jom;awGukd ysm;&nfeYJ 0rf;cswYJ o [kwaf yr,fY arQmv f ifcY su½f o dS al wG aexdik &f mt&yfawG
abm? acG;0rf;omatmif avvnfjywJY oabmyJ awmYjzpfvmMuw,f? 'gayr,fY wbufrmS vJ tmz&d
jzpf&r,f/ uEdik if aH wG? w½kw?f tdE, d´ ?vufwiftar&duwd&Yk UJ aus;
ode;f / / [kwcf siv f J [kwrf mS yJ? 'gayr,fY vufa'oawG? usaemfwYkd jrefrmjynfvkd wjcm;urÇmY
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r&ygbl;/ Muw,f?rarQmv f ifEY ikd Mf uwm[m bmaMumifrY sm;vJAsm/
Nird ;f / / bmjzpfvw Ykd ek ;f ?pdwu f ;l ,OfwmyJAsm? ode;f / / a,bk,s tm;jzifaY wmY taMumif;
tcGefaqmif&wmrSwfvdkY/ ESp&f yf½w dS ,fqMkd uwmyJAs? w&yfu a&m*EÅ&uyf qdu k f
ode;f / / udNk ird ;f ES,?f pdwu f ;l ,Ofw,fqakd y vd?Yk attdik 'f t D ufpv f ?kd iSuzf sm;vdak &m*gawGEydS pf ufveG ;f
r,fY vufawGUeJu Y if;Ny;D ,OfvrYkd S r&bJ? b0udpu ö ;kd As? vdjYk zpf&wm? aemuftaMumif; w&yfuawmY tpd;k &
'DawmY vufawGUb0ay:rSm tajccHNy;D a½SUudpk w d u f ;l awGaMumifjY zpfMu&wmyg wJ?Y b,fvt kd pd;k &rsKd ;awGvJ
Munfv Y u kd af wmY.. udNk ird ;f a&/ qdkwmawmY ajymaezdkYvdkr,f rxifygbl;Asm/
Nird ;f / / Asma&/ Nird ;f / / tif;aygYav? jynfou l kd arQmv f ifY
ode;f / / qif;&JwiG ;f uae vGwaf jrmuf&m csuf ray;Edik w f YJ tpd;k &rsKd ;awGyJ jzpfrmS aygY? 'gaywJY
vrf; ud, k rYf mS ½Sw d ,fvYkd usaemf r,Hb k ;l As?? 'Dyt kH wdik ;f udNk ird ;f &JU? vlxak wGrmS om arQmv f ifcY surf ½SEd ikd w
f m? tJ
omqd&k if b0 tqift Y wef; jrifjY rifaY e&vdrrYf ,fvv Ykd J 'Dvkd tpd;k & tzGUJ 0ifawG?olweYkd YJ eD;pyfoal wGrmS awmY
r,Hbk ;l ? ud, k w f ifru jrefrmY vlrb I 0Bu;D w&yfv;kH a½GU taumif;pm; arQmv f ifcY suaf wG? tyspH m;arQmv f ifcY suf
vsm; ajymif;vJomG ;rSmyJvv Ykd .J .a0;ao;Asm..r,Hb k ;l ? awG ½SdEdkifMurSmyJaemf/
a[m ud, k o Yf m;orD;awG[mjzifY ud, k xYf ufaumif;wJt Y ode;f / / cufvu kd af v udNk ird ;f &,f? tJ'aD e
em*wf ½SMd uw,f?ud, k x Yf ufaumif;wJY vlaerIb0&Mu &mrSm vrf;ay:u vlawGurS olwx Ykd uf pm&if awmfyg
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tajctaexJrmS ½So d jl zpfrS vlvwfwef;pm;qd&k if us £ajEr´ aqmifEikd af tmifut kd wif;t"r®r½Surf aMumuf
aemfb,fvv kd yk Nf y;D vlvwfwef;pm;jzpfEikd yf gYrvJ?acgif; pm;Mu0g;Mu awmif;Mu&rf;Mu cd;k Mu0SuMf uawmY wm
xJrmS awmif rjzpfEikd yf gbl;Asm? apmapmu udNk ird ;f ajym aygYAsm? tJ - tJ'aD rQmv f ifcY surf w YJ YJ rsuEf mS awGujkd rifz;l
ovdk arQmv f ifY Edik pf rG ;f av; ½Szd u Ykd ykd J arQmv f ifaY e&wJt Y csi&f ifjzifY tckjrefrmausmf urÇmausmf awmf0ifvuf
ajctaerSmjzifY pdwu f ;l udk r,OfEikd yf gbl;Asm? 'DawmY xyfr*FvmyGBJ u;D udo k m ½Ipm;MunfyY gawmY udNk ird ;f a&/
'g[m t&if;½Siv f ufopfawG&UJ uvdrÓ f Pf qd&k ifvJ
tJ'Ó D Pf[m jrefrmjynfrmS awmY ratmifjrifb;l Asm/
28
&J&ifhatmif (e,l;a'vD)
(1)
x,fopftrsK;d rsK;d / a'pD-ndKarSmif EGm;w&SO;f &JŒ rsK;d qufawGe‹J qDq}kH uD;vdk &moDpuf0ef;[m wtdtad &GŒ
vsm;aeayr,fh rajymif;vJwJht&mawGvnf; &Sdygw,f? tJ'DxJrSmrS qkd;wlaumif;buf aygif;zufcJh=uwJh oli,f
csif;awGudk arhr&woo pJGvef;usef&pfcJh&wJh tjzpfvnf; yg0ifygw,f?
usaemfw‹kd a'orSm c&pf,mefe‹J Ak'b

< mom0ifawG (u&if/ ArmvlrsK;d awG) ae=uygw,f? ESp&f n S vf rsm; teD;uyfae
vm=uvd‹k taoG;wl tom;wl nDaemif&if;awGvdk &Scd whJ myg? bmoma&; yJv G rf;awGq&dk if ESpOf ;D ESpzf uf a&maESm
aysmf0ifcJh=uwmyJ jzpfygw,f?
c&pfawmfarG;zGm;&m v&moDq&kd if t&Sn}f uD; apmpd;k =unfe‹J apmxl;av; OD;aqmifwhJ ESp&f mG aygi;f u vli,fwodu
k f
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vdu
k yf g;=uygw,f? usaemfw‹kd &mG u vli,fawGvnf; raeomygb;l ? Ak'b < mom ae‹x;l ae‹jrwfawG a&muf&ifvnf;
olwdk‹udk c&D;OD;óudðy&wm aysmfrSaysmfygyJ?
tckvnf; olw‹kd ukd tdyrf ufxrJ mS xnfrh ufaewke;f yg? b,fawmhrS aysmufu,
G rf oGm;Ekid w
f hJ twdwx
f u
J t&dyf
awGyg? tJ'Dt&dyfawG[m xyfcsyfruGm vdkufaetHk;rSmyg?
(2)
“Sweet December”/ “ Sweet December”
vlu tdy, f mxJ auG;aeayr,fh pl;&Svw S hJ olw‹kd toHawGukd rsuv f ;kH pHrk w
dS &f if; vdu
k rf w
S af ewmyg? pdwu
f
olw‹kd e‹J twl vdu
k af jy;ygw,f? taemufwa=umu t&D;ausm/h OD;ombef;/ a':zGm;ar/ udak tmif&if/ rdacG;/ atmifbk
- wajz;ajz;eJ‹ tdrb f ufukd uyfvmyg+yD? 'Dtcsed q
f kd aqmif;0wfrH_ ESi;f Ek&nfw‹kd vnf; vGijhf y,fz‹kd wmplaea&mayg?h
'DZifbmv 1 &ufae‹ a&mufjyef+yD?
29
toHawG taemufvrf;=um;ta&muf tdyf,mxzdk‹ Merlin, HRDB vmygw,f? ADRA vdk c&pf,mef
jyif v d k u f y gw,f ? ol w d k ‹ eJ ‹ twl ta&S Œ buf & G m txd tef*st
D t
kd zJ‹G awGvnf; vmzl;ygw,f? Merlin uawmh
vku d of mG ;r,f? +yD;&if bk&m;&Scd ;kd ausmif;&Sw d hJ olw‹kd &mG udk a&uefawGxJu qm;a&awGukd pkyfxkwfay;aeygw,f?
vdu k rf ,f? tJ'rD mS 0wfðyyJ/G aus;Zl;awmf cs;D rGr;f yJ+G yD;&if bk&m;ausmif;av;awG jyefaqmufay;zd‹k ulnv D LS 'ge;f r_
qefðywfaomuf=ur,f? a=omf æ aysmv f u dk w
f jhJ zpfjcif;? awG&adS eayr,f/h Ak'b < mombke;f }uD;ausmif;ujyefaqmuf
'gu ESppf Of ðyaeus tvkyw f ck? awG;=unf&h if; vlrmS tl zd‹k vrf;rjrifao;ygb;l ?vlaetdraf jcawGuawmh "edawG
jrL;vmygw,f? toHawGu yku d s,v f mav/ 0rf;omvH;k ckw+f yD; jzpfovdk wJw;kd ae&ygao;w,f?
qd‹k av jzpfaewm? a&vkyfief;eJ‹v,fvkyfief;udkwlnDr#wvkyfudkifaewJh ae
0kef;ueJ txrSmawmh tdyfrufeJ‹ vuf&Sdtajctae &mav;awGyg? v,f{u 700 avmufxu J xuf0uf
tyH}k uD;uGmaerSe;f bGm;ueJ awG‹&ygw,f? yJah xmifawG avmufukd pdu k yf sK;d zd‹k jyifqifae=uygw,f? wcsKŒd rsK;d pyg;
eJ‹vmwJh ay;urf;vSL'ge;f ol apwem&Siaf wG a&mufvm &ovd/k vufweG ;f v,fxeG pf ufuawmh 3-4 vH;k yJ &yg
vd‹k &GmxJu uav;awG aAGaqmfO;D atmf[pf+yD; ajy;v$m; ao;w,f? rsK;d pyg;/ vkyt f m;/ ajr=oZm/ u|EJ mG ;wd&p>mefe‹J
aeoHawGyJ jzpfygw,f? tulypPn;f / a&/ &moDOwk r#waumif;rGerf S tppt&m
av;vHaewJh acgi;f ukd tomt,m r’xl&if; xvdu k yf g &m ar#mv f ifv
h ‹kd &wmyg? 'gayrJh tckuawmh rpcifu
w,f? trSeu f apmpd;k =unfe‹J apmxl;av;wd‹k r&Sad wmh wnf;u tcuftcJu óud&adS eyg+yD?
ygb;l ? olw‹kd vnf; rkew f idk ;f av/ 'Dvid_ ;f a&eJ‹twl arsmyg xkdif;/ w±kwfeJ‹ wjcm;EkdifiHawGu vufwGef;xGefpuf
aoqH;k cJ=h uyg+yD? tckuav;awGu usaemfw‹kd tm;vH;k &JŒ 5000 avmuf ay;vSLcJah yr,fh avmifpmqD*gvH woef;
rsKd;qufawGygyJ? avmuf vdt k yfaew,fv‹kd befaumuftajcpdu k f ukv
aoqH;k aysmuf&o S l vlO;D a& 2 '\r 4 oef;rSm uav; (tm&Sypdzdwf)pD;yGm;a&;eJ‹vlr_a&;aumfr&SiU f NESCAP
aygi;f woef;avmuf yg0ifw,fv‹kd ukvor*~ uav; t}uD;tuJ Noeleen Heyzer u +yD;cJw h hJ vv,frmS
oli,frsm; ta&;ay: &efyHkaiGtzJG‹ (UNICEF) u ajymcJhygw,f?
qkdygw,f? uav;awGeJ‹ trsKd;orD;awG aoqHk;wm jrefrmEkid if H ig;vkyif ef;tzJ‹G csKyfOuUÏ OD;aX;jrifu h a&vkyf
rsm;ygw,f? t&ifu 'D&mG rSm 300 avmuf &Scd w hJ myg? ief;jyefvnfxal xmifz‹kd {&m0wDwidk ;f xJu avab;'%f
tckawmh 100avmufyJ useyf gw,f?uav;awGuawmh oifch whJ hJ òrd‹e,fawGukd pufavStpD;a& 9000 eJ‹ ig;zrf;
15 a,mufavmufyJ &Sad wmhw,f? ckct H m;enf;wJh [dk ydu
k rf sK;d pHk 4 aomif;eD;yg; ay;yk‹d omG ;r,fv‹kd ZGev f 7 &uf
buf&mG qd&k if vl 1000 avmufrmS 200 avmufyJ usef ae‹u ajymqdck ahJ yr,fh awmfawmfe‹J a&mufrvmEkid af o;
ygw,f? uav;uawmh 30 avmufygyJ? &GmawGrSm ygbl;?
use&f pfoal wG odyu f kd enf;oGm;vd‹k ESp&f mG w h &Gm aygi;f ae
wm/ aqGrsK;d om;csi;f awG pkaewm/ rdbrJu h av;awGukd (3)
eD;pyfolawGu apmifha&Smufwm jzpfygw,f? uav;awGtwGuf ynma&;u a0vma0;ygao;w,f?
rkefwkdif;t+yD; ESpfvavmuft=umrSm uav;awG[m ausmif;pmtkyftwGuf vyGwWmrSm oGm;awmif; aeyg
ZvHck u G af ,mufawGuikd +f yD; pm;aomufz, G af wGukd pnf; w,f? ukvor*~ vlom;csif;pmemr_qkdif&myl;aygif;nd‡
urf;wus wef;pD&if; awmif;&rf;wwfvmyg+yD? 'DxrJ mS E_dif;a&;&Hk; (UNOCHA)uawmh jrefrmjynf&JŒrkefwdkif;
usaemfo h m;av; zd;k omatmif rygawmhygb;l ? olvnf; '%fc&H wJh a'oawGrmS rlvwef;ausmif; 2400 ausmf
trsm;pkenf;wl a&v_dif;xJ ygoGm;cJhyg+yD? ysufpD;cJh+yDvdk‹ ajymygw,f? ausmif;awG ysufpD;cJhwJh t
aq;0g;/ qef/ yJ/ aomufa&oef‹yu kd /f jcifaxmif/ apmife‹J wGuf uav;aygi;f 3 ode;f 6 aomif;ausmf ynma&;xd
uav;awGtwGuf t±kyaf v;awGa0ay;ygw,f?wu,f cdkufr,fvdk‹ tJ'DXme&JŒtpD&ifcHpmu qdkygw,f?
awmh ZGefv tapmydkif;uwnf;u tvSL&SifawG[m em*pf rkew f ikd ;f '%fc&H wJh a'oawGrmS ynmoif=um;Ekid f
'Dbuf&GmawGqD a&mufrvm jzpfcJhygbl;? wJh uav;aygi;f 1 ' \r 1 oef; &Sad yr,f/h ausmif;
30
4000 ausmf ysupf ;D +yD;/ q&m/ q&mraygi;f tenf;qH;k vG,u f cl whJ mawmh r[kwyf gb;l ?
100 ausmf aoqH;k cJ&h w,fv‹kd UNICEF uawmh ajym ZGevf yxrywfrmS em*pfrek w f idk ;f a=umifh rdbrJjh zpfomG ;
ygw,f?etz ppftpdk;&uvnf; rkefwdkif;oifha'oawG wJh uav;awGeJ‹ rdbeJ‹uJGuGmae=uwJh uav;awGudk
rSm ausmif;awG ysupf ;D =uvd‹k xdcu kd ef pfem&ol ausmif; vwfwavm tajctaerSm b,fo‹l urkd S arG;pm;cGirhf ðy
om;vli,f 1 '\r 1 oef;&Sw d ,fv‹kd qdyk gw,f? bl;vd‹k vlr0_ efxrf; OD;pD;Xme 'kw, d n$e=f um;a&;rSL;csKyf
&efukefeJ‹ {&m0wDwdkif;rSm tajccHynmausmif;aygif; OD;atmifxGef;ckdifu ajymcJhygw,f?
4106 ausmif ; &S d w J h t euf vH k ; 0 ysuf p D ; oG m ;wJ h arG;pm;cGirhf ðywm[m uav;awGukd vluek u f ;l jcif;uae
ausmif ; u 1255 &S d y gw,f ? 804 ausmif ; uawmh umuG,zf ‹kd / ESyd pf ufnO‡ ;f yef;r_ t"rR apckid ;f r_uae um
qdk;qdk;&Gm;&Gm; ysufpD;aewmyg? ausmif;aygif; 1996 uG,zf ‹kd twGuf jzpfw,fv‹kd olu ajymygw,f? vluek f
ausmif;uawmh trd;k awG ysuaf eygw,f? jrefrmEdik if rH mS ul;r_ajrmuf&if axmif'%f 10 ESpu f ae woufwu|e;f
ZGev f 2 &ufae‹up+yD; ausmif;zGi&hf moD a&mufcahJ yr,fh txd usc&H Ekid w f ,fv‹kd vnf; qdyk gw,f?'gayrJh 'D t&if
'Da'oawGrSm ysufpD;oGm;wJh ausmif;trsm;pkuawmh uwnf;u uav;wcsKŒd [m&efuek ef ‹J e,fa'oawGbuf
'Duae@txd jyefrjyifEikd af o;ygb;l ? wEdik if v H ;kH ausmif; ygomG ;=uyg+yD? awmif;&rf;ae=uovd/k pm;aomufqidk ef ‹J
tyf&ufukd arv25 &ufae@rmS pwifowfrw S cf yhJ gw,f? vBu&f nfqidk rf mS cdik ;f apcHae&w,fv‹kd =um;&ygw,f? 'D
ausmif;om;rdbawG[m rdom;pk pm;0wfaea&;twGuf uav;awGeJ‹a'owGif;u vl}uD;vli,fwkdif;[m rao
r,fr,f&& tvkyfr&Sdao;vdk‹ uav;awGausmif;wuf csmra&&mwJh b0xJa&mufaew,fv‹kd ulnaD pmifah &Smuf
zdk‹udpP rawG;EkdifatmifygyJ? ausmif;om;i,fawG[m ol wa,mufu rSwfcsufcsygw,f?
ausmif;wufz‹kd xuf pm;0wfaea&; tcuftcJawG/ rkef
wkid ;f wdu
k /f rdom;pk aqGrsK;d om;csi;f awG ±kww f &uf ao (4)
qH;k ukev f ‹kd pdwyf ikd ;f qdik &f m xdcukd rf a_ wG &Syd gw,f? twdw&f ŒJ t&dy[ f m cJcG gG v‹kd r&bJ avab;oifh 'kuo Q nf
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n$e;f wef;/ uav;awG&ŒJ pdw"f mwfa&;&mudk odem;vnf wl 'GefwJG yg&SdaerSmyg? uav;awG a0zefydkif;jcm;EkdifwJh
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&G,fcsuf&Sd&Sdoifwef;ay;/ yHhykd;&r,fhtydkif;uawmh b,f b0[m quf+yD; npfErG ;f raeatmif 'Duae‹ vl}uD;awG
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vyGwWm/ zsmyHk/ a';'&J/ armfvòrdifu|ef; 7 òrd‹e,fxJu
tajccHynmausmif; zGirhf ,f&h ufukd wv a±$Œvdu k wf ,f (aqmif;yg;twGuf a'owGi;f u tcsut f vufwcsKŒd udk
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xkwfjyefxm;ayr,fh tckxd a&&mwJh tvm;tvm aus;Zl;wifygw,f? oGm;vm ulnDolawG taESmifht
&Sdraeygbl;? ,Sufrjzpf&atmif &GmtrnfawG csefvSyfxm;&ovdk/
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42
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trSwfpOf-89 Zlvdkif-6-2008

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“Sweet December”/ “ Sweet December”

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