GREEN ROOF

PLANTING
[Type the document subtitle]

GOH LING NI AB100006

 Plant Family Morphology Farm Height Characteristic Distribution Use
1. Campsis radicans Bignoniaceae -Pinnate compound - Sun to Partial 20-30 ft. Foliage: Deciduous North America Vigorous dense creeping foliage and ornate
leaves 4-12 in (10.2- Shade (6-9 m) southeastern and Gulf floral displays; provides shade and wildlife
Trumpet vine 30.5 cm) long that - Average Water Flower: Showy clusters of yellow Coast region of the interest to the staircase shaft trellis It is best
cover the vine in a Needs orange to red trumpet-shaped United States used in woodland gardens and natural areas
dense cloak of bright - Prefers rich moist flowers where it has space to grow. It will quickly
green foliage soil but is adaptable cover fences and other structures.
- 7-15 oval leaflets to less than optimal Trumpet creeper is one of the best plants for
that have serrated situations. attracting hummingbirds to your yard as it
edges produces quantities of nectar rich blossoms all
summer long.

2. Rhus copallina Anacardiaceae - Deciduous tree - Good in dry, rocky 3.5–5.5 m Leaf: Alternate arrangement, In the eastern US from Tall slender stems display tufts of foliage and
- Crooked, spreading areas (11–18 ft.) deciduous, odd-pinnately southeastern Maine, flower panicles high above the roof terraces,
Flame sumac， branches - Full sun to mostly compound, ovate-shaped, west to Michigan, and insuring visibility at street level. Flame sumac
Shining Sumac or Winged shade dark green south to Texas and pioneers and colonizes poor soils and provides
Sumac - Prefers acidic, well- Florida flame-red fall color. Its showy fall foliage
drained soil Flower：dioecious greenish- provides an added benefit. Winged sumac
yellow flowers grows well in urban areas where air pollution,
poor drainage and compacted soil prevent most
Fruit：hairy, red drupe， small trees from surviving. It is used in buffer
borne in terminal panicles strips, highway medians and reclamation
showy projects.

3. Ceanothus americanus Buckthorn - Shrub, having many -Dry plains, prairies, 18–42 in Flower: white, grow in clumpy, North America The snowball-like floral display is conspicuous
(Rhamnaceae) thin branches. or similar untreed inflorescences on lengthy, It can often be located in native meadows and garden beds, bringing
 New Jersey tea, New Jersey -Root system is thick areas axillary peduncles. in forest clearings or aesthetic interest to the staircase shaft plant
tea, Jersey tea ceanothus with fibrous root - Sandy or rocky soil verges, on banks or community. Tea made from its roots is drank to
hairs close to the Fruit: Dry, dehiscent, seed lakeshores, and on relieve toothache, digestive problems, asthma,
surface capsules gentle slopes. bronchitis, whooping cough, spleen pain and as
- Stout, burlish, a sedative. The root is astringent due to its
woody roots that tannin content and contains an alkaloid that
reach deep into the lowers blood pressure
earth

4. Comptonia peregrina Myricaceae - Not a fern, but a low, - Well-drained, dry, 1.5 m Foliage: Deciduous Native to eastern North This East Coast native can be found growing in
deciduous, acid, sandy or America, from southern sandy soils and dry hillsides with low organic
Sweet fern rhizomatous shrub gravelly soils Leaves: simple, alternate, and Quebec south to the content, similar to the growing substrate
fernlike; fragrant and hairy extreme north of installed on the staircase shaft. Leaves are used
Georgia, and west to for potpourri, and tea made from the leaves has
Stem: red-brown to grey Minnesota been used to relieve symptoms of dysentery.
Fruits may be eaten raw, and the fresh leaves
Flowers: catkins clustered at ends are used as a lining in fruit baskets to help
of the branches preserve the fruits.

Seeds : in bur like heads, with

four per fruit

5. Rhus aromatica Anacardiaceae - Deciduous shrub - Full sun to mostly around 2 m Leaf: Alternate arrangement, Native to eastern United Large colonies offer brilliant scarlet fall color
- Irregular crown and shade trifoliate, deciduous, ovate- States in their native environment along limestone
Fragrant sumac dense branches have - Prefers acidic, well- shaped, glossy dark green cliffs and rocky bluffs of the Chesapeake
ascending tips drained soil Watershed, making it well-suited to exposed
- Suckers Flowers: dioeciously yellow conditions.
 flowers

Fruit: hairy, red drupe

6. Rosa Carolina Rosaceae - A shrub in the rose - Mesic-dry soil 90-185 cm Flower: Pink, strong fragrance, Native to eastern North A rugged rose well suited to meadows,
family - Full sun 5 petals, average diameter 2", America roadsides, and wilder gardens; the thick foliage
Pasture rose - Medium, armed with - Medium to wet borne mostly solitary bloom form creates a green cap over the staircase shaft,
thorns / prickles becoming a conspicuous element in the
- 5 to 7 leaflets. Fruit: Showy neighborhood rooftop topography. Rose hip
skin used as treatment for upset stomach, make
jelly and tea

7. Sedum telephioides, Crassulaceae - A herbaceous plant - Regular water 6 to12 in (15- Flowers: Pale pink Native range extends A rare native that does well on exposed rock
Hylotelephium telephioides with succulent stems. - Full sun to shade 30 cm) from Georgia to Illinois outcrops as well as gardens and landforms that
- Perennial, deciduous Fruit: Pod and New York, and it are the analogs of the ASLA green roof’s south
Allegheny stonecrop erect stems has introduced wave on terra firma.
Leaf: Oblong or oval, entire or populations in Ontario
sparingly toothed, alternate

8. Sedum stenopetalum Crassulaceae - A succulent plant - 24-26°C (75-78°F) 20 cm Flower: Short inflorescence, Native to western North The seasonal transition from summer-green to
producing mats or - Sun yellow petals, sometimes with red America from British winter-red foliage, punctuated by yellow floral
Worm leaf stonecrop clumps of lance- -Humus, loam, sandy veins. Columbia and Alberta blooms in mid-summer, provides a distinct
shaped, linear, or to northern California to jagged texture year-round to the south wave.
three-lobed leaves Leaf: Alternate arrangement, Wyoming
- Dicot linear or narrowly linear-
- Perennial herb lanceolate and strongly keeled or
nerved on the upper surface,
crooked or worm-like, with
 sharply pointed tips.

9. Sedum floriferum Crassulaceae - Perennial, evergreen - Full sun or shade 4-6 in Foliage: Blue-green, slightly Native to Kamchatka, A low-growing sedum spreads trailing stems
“Weihenstephaner Gold” - Low-growing - Drought tolerant (10 - 15 cm) serrated edges, may turn slightly Siberia across the substrate surface, forming a dense
stonecrop that - Prefers well- red, rosette of rough, oval, dark groundcover in well-drained areas with full
Stonecrop spreads by trailing drained, average green leaves sun. It can be a good container plant and also
stems to form an moist, dry soil the mass planting. It grows well grows well
attractive ground Flower: White, yellow, clusters of near water gardens or ponds. Hence, it is an
cover. star-shaped, yellow-tinted, excellent selection for difficult sites such as
- Flowers appear on bronze-orange flowers banks and rocky areas.
reddish stems rising
above the thick,
triangular, succulent
green leaves sharply
toothed near the
ends.

10. Orostachys boehmeri Crassulaceae - Cactus - Full Sun under 6 in. Foliage: Grown for foliage, North Asia The conical arrangement of the flower spike
- Succulent - Average Water (15 cm) silver/gray succulent and whorled silvery leaves add a curious
Sedum boehmeri, Needs texture to the low-growing sedum plant palette
Hardy Duncecap - Heat Tolerant Flower: White of the south wave. It also can be used as a
container plant.

11. Sedum sexangulare Crassulaceae - Succulent - Drought, heat & 0.17 - 0.33 ft. Leaf: Six spiral rows of small Native to Europe and A beautiful and tough sedum brings intricate
- Vigorous, evergreen humidity tolerant cylindrical leaves, spoon shaped, Asia. texture to the plant palette and the reliability of
Watch chain perennial with mat- - Part shade to full silvery or mid green leaves a tried-and-true green roof plant ( also planted
 sedum，Tasteless Stonecrop forming growth habit sun on terrace).
- Ground covers - Some Sand to Some Flower: Yellow, star shaped 1/2 Sedums are excellent grown in the rock
Clay inch across garden, containers between stepping stones or
- Dry to Normal in wall niches.
water range Stem: Fleshy bearing terminal
rosettes of stiff

12. Sedum album “Murale” Crassulaceae - Creeping evergreen - Full Sun 6-12 in. (15- Foliage: The cylindrical to Native to rocky areas of This drought-tolerant evergreen sedum forms a
perennial is a verdant - Drought-tolerant 30 cm) spherical leaves are pale to dark Europe, North Africa, spreading mat of rounded leaves and stalks. It
White stonecrop groundcover for - Well-drained soil. green and sometimes red-flushed. and West Asia thrives in full sun, but tolerates a wide range of
sandy or gravelly conditions. It is an excellent groundcover
soils in sun, forming Flower: White, Light Pink, plant, particularly for hot, dry sites. It is nice in
lush green mats of showy. Flat clusters of small a rock garden and for planting in green roofs or
small succulent starry white to pinkish flowers in rock walls.
leaves appear from late spring into
summer.

13. Sedum spurium “Voodoo” Crassulaceae - Perennials, cactus - Full Sun under 6 in. Foliage: Evergreen Succulent, Native to western Prized for the colors of its leaves and stems,
and succulents - Drought-tolerant; (15 cm) Thick, succulent, obovate, dark Eurasia. 'Voodoo' is a creeping evergreen sedum. When
Two-row stonecrop, - A low-growing, - Average, dry to maroon-red leaves are toothed young and small the leaves are green. At full
Voodoo Stonecrop sprawling, mat- medium moisture, near the ends size they are overlain with gray and blend to
forming, dark well-drained soils maroon at the edges. The stems are maroon too
mahogany-leaved - Tolerates some light Stem: Creeping, branching stems and they run on the ground, so they are mostly
stonecrop or sedum shade root at the nodes. hidden below the leaves, which rise to a
that is commonly - Sandy or gravelly uniform height, making the plant a tidy
grown as a ground soils Flower: Tiny, star-shaped, rose- groundcover of unusual color. It is best when

14. Sempervivum tectorum
Hens and chicks
15. Opuntia humifusa
Prickly pear cactus, Eastern
Prickly Pear or Indian Fig
cover. red flowers bloom in four- planted in groups or massed as a ground cover.
branched inflorescences
Crassulaceae - Perennial - Full sun to partial under 6 in. Leaf: In a basal rosette, succulent Native to the mountains The “house leeks” are an ancient group of
- Mat-forming shade (15 cm) and can be green, red, purple or of southern Europe green roof plants, enriching the planting with
succulents that - Well-drained soil. yellow, evergreen. horticultural allegory and providing a radiating
produce clusters of - Dry to medium texture to the plant palette. It is an old time
rosettes. water need Flower: Purple, red or pink, favorite used in concrete planters on either side
- Cacti and other - Tolerates poor soils appear on branched stalks, star- of the front entry and great in window boxes or
succulent and some drought shaped niches. Besides that, it is an evergreen
succulent with a mat forming growth habit.
Cactaceae - A prostrate spreading - Thrive in full sun Up to 2 ft. Stem: Green flattened and formed Native cactus found in The showy yellow flower and unique form
cactus with fibrous - Well-drained soil. (8-10 in) of segments, barbed bristles are most of eastern North bring an untamed curiousness to the crest of
roots - Intolerant of shade found around the surfaces of the America the south wave. It is useful in mixed borders
- Mostly spineless or segments and natural areas. Hardy prickly pear is low-
may have 1-2 growing and its brilliant yellow flowers and
whitish-brown spines Flower: Yellow to gold, found meandering pads are most effective at the front
along the edges along the margins of mature of mixed plantings. It thrives in rock gardens
segments, waxy and sometimes and containers.
have red centers
Fruit: Juicy and edible red fruits
measure from 3-5 cm, the pulp is
ruby red and tastes a little like
watermelon.
 Foliage: Oblong, flattened pads 2-
6 in (5.1-15.2 cm) long, that
bristle with sharp spines.

16. Silene caroliniana Caryophyllaceae - Perennial forb/herb - Full sun to part 0.75 to 1 ft. Flower: Loose clusters of rose- Native to Eastern & This species thrives in sandy to rocky soils in
- Found in dry or open shade (4-10 in) pink flowers with five spreading central North America full sun with afternoon shade, similar to
Wild pink forest or woodland - Dry to medium wedge-shaped petals summer conditions found on the south wave,
clearings. water need with its subtle north-facing slope. It is best in
- Average, dry to Leaf: Tufts of narrow, lance- rock gardens and may be grown in border
medium moisture, shaped basal leaves with smaller fronts and wildflower or native plant gardens.
well-drained soils paired stem leaves.

17. Phlox subulata Polemoniaceae - Creeper - Full sun and 6 in Flower: Small, five-petaled Native to North A vigorous, spreading, mat-forming phlox that
- Semi-evergreen - Prefers moist, well- flowers bloom in rose, mauve, America thrives in well-drained soils with good sun
Moss phlox, Moss Pink, perennial or short drained, neutral to blue, white, or pink exposure; tolerates rocky soils and hot areas;
Mountain Phlox semi-evergreen slightly alkaline pH the abundant flowers offer a red-purple color to
groundcover soils Foliage: Evergreen to semi- the rooftop palette. This spring-flowering
- Herbaceous when evergreen, needle-like, either accent groundcover is commonly found in rock
young, but semi- linear or awl-shaped (linear with gardens, along paths, at foundations, and at the
woody with age a slightly swollen base), opposite edge of beds or low walls.
to clustered on the stems and
densely arranged,

18. Delosperma nubigenum Aizoaceae - Brilliant yellow - Full sun 2-4 in Flower: Golden yellow, daisy- Native of eastern South A fast-growing member of the green roof
“Basutoland” single flowers are - Good drainage (15 cm) like Africa planting, this mat-forming succulent with
plentiful - Drought tolerant - Naturally inhabits showy flowers is well suited to rooftop
 Ice plant, Basutoland Hardy
Ice Plant,
Golden Ice Plant
19. Sedum reflexum, Sedum
rupestre
Spruce-leaved stonecrop,
Reflexed Stonecrop, Blue
Stonecrop, Jenny's
Stonecrop and Prick-madam
20. Talinum calycinum
Fameflower，Rock Pink
- Bright green Foliage: Evergreen, succulent, rocky screes on conditions. Grow well in full sun and well-
jellybean foliage chartreuse/yellow, smooth- mountainsides where drained substrates (also planted on terraces).
spreads to form solid textured, three-sided conditions are both This is an extra vigorous form of the golden
mats cold and dry iceplant that tends to flower longer than the
- A great “parking lot wild-type form. Modern gardeners love the
plant”, easy to grow bright hues and neat habit of this adaptable
in the toughest succulent. Plant it in broad shallow containers,
situations. stone troughs, rock gardens or pebbly sunny
- Groundcovers, border edges. It will also thrive in crevices
perennials between rock walls.
Crassulaceae - Resembling spruce - Partial to full sun 10 cm Flower: Yellow Origin: Europe A strong, low-growing plant forms a mat of
branches, but with - Watering. (5 in) gray-blue foliage and is well reputed for
softer tissue Foliage: Bluish-green (spruce seeking out nooks and crannies in the garden,
- Grows in small colored) linear, 1/2" fleshy making it an excellent plant for coverage and
bushes, spreading on needle-like foliage forms a whorl filling tight areas (also planted on terraces).
the ground around the stem, glabrous bluish-
produces attractive green leaves erect along the stems
cactus-like form,
with irregular curves
- Groundcover,
cactus/succulent
Portulacaceae - A Missouri native - Full sun, 0.5-0.75 ft. Stem: Branch occasionally, Tropical America Well-suited to rocky soils and full sun; the
perennial which - Prefer dry surrounded by finger-like leaves, beautiful purple flowers and slender succulent
most often occurs in conditions, and soil light green, glabrous, and leaves are curious additions to the roof’s
rocky soils, rocks that is rocky, succulent terraces, adding a slight verticality to the
 and glades. gravelly, or sandy. terrace texture (also planted on terraces).
- Growing in large - Intolerant of Leaf: Up to 3" long, succulent, The perfect plant for a rock garden or xeric
colonies in the wild. competition from green to blue-gray and glabrous planting, it survives drought by storing water
- Features pink to tall aggressive within its leaves.
red, 5-8 petaled plants Flower: Pink to red, 5-8 petaled
flowers in cymes
atop leafless stems

21. Sedum spurium “Fuldaglut” Crassulaceae - Mat-forming species - Full sun to light under 6 in. Foliage: Evergreen, variegated, Eastern Europe, The red, horizontally colonizing, foliage of this
forms a carpet of shade (15 cm) opposite leaves, obovate, leaf Western Asia tough sedum break the homogeny of greens
Two-Row stonecrop rosy-red flowers, - Well Drained, loam, margin incised, poisonous, among the spurium-type ground covers.
contrasting against sand soil rounded, flattened, bronzy-red Sedums are excellent grown in the rock
green leaves with - Drought-tolerant leaves garden, containers between stepping stones or
bronzy-maroon - Average Water in wall niches (also planted on terraces). A rock
highlights. Flower: red, pink, rose, coral, garden favorite, this stonecrop works well as a
- Herbaceous, showy, star-shaped, to 3/4 inch groundcover or wall plant, blanketing the
perennial, semi- wide, held in round corymbs ground and even climbing vertical surfaces
evergreen where happy.

22. Eragrostis spectabilis Poaceae - Ornamental grasses - Full Sun 18-24 in. Lea: Classy green leaves, mostly Native to United States The inflorescences of this low-growing grass
and bamboo - Tolerant infertile, (45-60 cm) basal bring a light, cloud-like texture with a hint of
Purple lovegrass - Perennials sandy and poor purple to the roof palette, and its tough foliage
- Fluffy clouds of soils in full sun Flower: Pretty reddish to purpled tolerates dry soils with low organic content in
bronze-red - Drought tolerant. sprays of flowers and seeds, yield full sun. In late summer the fine-textured, stiff
inflorescences - Average water burgundy-red seeds, tiny flowers inflorescence appears like reddish-purple
aggregated into highly modified clouds hovering at ground level.
 clusters.

Grass: Herbs with cylindrical,

jointed flowering stems (culms),
hollow between the joints

23. Bouteloua gracilis Poaceae - Narrow grasslike - Some sand to some 15–30 cm Flower: Green to purple, nodding, Native to dry plains of The unique inflorescence of this drought-
foliage, with leaf clay soil pendent, flower and seeds are central North America tolerant grass is suspended horizontally from
Blue grama grass veins typically - Dry to normal borne in spikes, racemes or - Most commonly found the tip of the flower stalk, bringing aesthetic
parallel to one water range panicles, on a central stem. from Alberta east to interest to the roofs plant community. Short-
another - Dappled to full sun Manitoba and south grass prairies of North America are dominated
- Produces curious Foliage: Deciduous, green, the across the Rocky by Bouteloua species, making Blue grama a
inflorescences leaf margins are most often Mountains, Great natural choice for meadow gardens. It looks
suspended smooth. Plains, and Midwest good in containers and can be grown as a water
horizontally like tiny states to Mexico conserving lawn when mowed to a 2 inch
brushes from the top Stem: Composed of solids joints, height.
of each flowering called nodes, separated by
stem. segments called internodes.
- Ground covers, Nodes are the points of
ornamental grasses attachment for leaves
and bamboos,
perennials
- Easily identified by
its distinctive curved
“comblike”
seedheads
24. Allium schoenoprasum Alliaceae - A bulb-forming - Thrive in well- 1 to 1.5 ft. Bulb: Slender conical, 2–3 cm Native to Europe, Asia An incredible drought-tolerant bulb that
herbaceous perennial drained soil, rich in (30–50 cm) long and 1 cm broad, and grow in and North America brightens the north wave with reliable green
Chive plant, organic matter dense clusters from the roots. foliage and large purple inflorescence that
- Make useful flowers - Full sun to part provides aesthetic and wildlife benefits. Its
for a border shade Leaf: Hollow tubular, up to 50 cm group, mass or use as an edger in herb gardens
- Make a neat clump long, and 2–3 mm in diameter, and vegetable gardens. It is Also effective as an
of bright grassy with a soft texture, although, prior ornamental (leaves may still be harvested) in
leaves to about a foot to the emergence of a flower from rock gardens or border fronts and may be
high, with numerous a leaf, it may appear stiffer than grown in pots.
rounded heads of usual, fragrant
mauve flowers
- The plant is hardy, Flower: Pale purple, star-shaped
perennial, and self- with six petals, produced in a
seeds readily. dense inflorescence of 10-30
Clumps can also be together
divided.
Seed: In a small three-valved
capsule

25. Allium cernuum Alliaceae - Features clumps of - Full sun to part 1 to 1.5 ft. Bulb: An unsheathed slender native to North America A native onion relative that displays
flat, narrow, grass- shade conic bulb which gradually tapers from New York to inflorescences on long stalks; plantings of this
Nodding onion, lady's leek like leaves - Dry to medium directly into several keeled grass- British Columbia south perennial bulb on the street side if the north
- Tiny bell-shaped, water need like leaves; bears a single to Virginia and wave ensures their visibility from the street at
pink to lilac pink - Average, dry to flowering stem, which terminates Kentucky and south in ground level, as well as from rooftop terraces.
flowers which medium, in a downward nodding umbel of the mountains
 appear in loose, well-drained soil white or rose flowers; edible and
nodding clusters atop - Best in sandy loams has a strong onion flavor.
erect
- Leafless scapes Flower: Mature into spherical
rising slightly above crested fruits which later split
the foliage. open to reveal the dark shiny
- Have an oniony seeds, does not have bulblets in
smell when cut or the inflorescence, showy flowers
bruised.

26. Achillea millefolium Asteraceae - Flowering plant - Drought tolerant 0.2 to 1m Leaf: 5–20 cm long, bipinnate or Native to the Northern A vigorous “weed” whose cultivated relatives
- An erect herbaceous - Responds best to tripinnate, almost feathery, and Hemisphere, Europe often outcompete many other species in the
Yarrow perennial plant that soil that is poorly arranged spirally on the stems; and western Asia. typical garden setting. The plant has a
produces one to developed and well cauline and more or less clasping. relatively short life, but may be prolonged by
several stems and drained dividing the plant every other year, and
has a rhizomatous - Adaptable to a wide Flower: Ray and disk flowers planting 12 to 18 inches apart. Common
growth form. variety of soils and which are white to pink; generally yarrow is a weedy species and can become
- Leaves are evenly growing conditions, 3 to 8 ray flowers that are ovate invasive.
distributed along the and likely to spread. to round; disk flowers range from
stem, with the leaves - Full sun. 15 to 40
near the middle and - Prefers Leaf: Grayish green, aromatic,
bottom of the stem well- drained soil and very finely dissected, like
being the largest. - Water regularly soft dainty ferns; forms dense
- The leaves have spreading mats of lacy leaves
varying degrees of from rhizomes that creep beneath
hairiness the ground surface
27. Tradescantia bracteata Commelinaceae - A compact, clump- - Full sun 12-18 in. Stems: Erect, stout, rarely Native to the New The well-drained soils and exposure to full sun
forming herbaceous - Average, dry to (30-45 cm) branched, glabrous or sparsely World from southern on the north wave are ideal for this spiderwort,
Spiderwort perennial medium moisture, hairy Canada south to whose purple flowers bring aesthetic interest to
- Rose to purple, well-drained soil northern Argentina. the green roof plant community. It is an
three-petaled flowers - Prefers moist, Leaves: Alternate, simple, linear- interesting and long-blooming perennial for
accented by acidic soils. lanceolate, glabrous or sparsely native plant gardens, wild gardens or
contrasting yellow - Tolerant of poor soft-hairy at base, parallel veined, naturalized areas. It is also effective in borders
stamens open up, soils rarely folded; margins entire. and rock gardens, but mid-summer foliage
from terminal decline is a potential disincentive for a
clusters (umbels) Flowers: Stalks densely soft- prominent placement therein.
containing numerous hairy, sepals 3, elliptic, pointed,
flower buds soft-hairy, margins sometimes
purple; blue, purple, or rose;
petals 3, stamens 6, filaments
densely bearded.

Fruits: Capsules, rounded; seeds

2-6, flattened, gray.

28. Artemisia ludoviciana Asteraceae - A rhizomatous - Full sun 2 to 3 ft. Flower: not showy, creamy Native to North The dusty silver foliage and erect habit of thus
perennial herb - Dry to medium (30cm-1m) yellow, very small flower head America where it is grass add unique texture and color to the north
Silver king - The stems and water need widespread coast to wave meadow. This drought-tolerant plant is
foliage are covered - Best grown in poor Leaf: Colorful, fragrant, silver- coast, but many well suited to gravely soil and competitive
in woolly gray or to moderately white, lance-shaped, pubescent subspecies are found meadow conditions. This is an outstanding
white hairs. fertile, dry to and somewhat sage-like in only in the western silver-leaved perennial for any sunny border.
- The tiny yellowish- medium, well- appearance, aromatic United States Plants form a bushy, upright mound, with
 gray, discoid flower drained soils clusters of creamy flowers in July. It is nice for
heads appear in - Does poorly in Stem: The top of the stem is cutting, and using in dried arrangements:
dense panicles at the moist to wet soils occupied by a narrow simply hang bunches upside-down in a warm
stem where plants are inflorescence of many nodding dark room. Especially nice in tubs and
- Forms a spreading susceptible to root flower heads. Each small head is containers with other perennials.
clump of generally rot. a cup of hairy phyllaries
erect surrounding a center of yellowish
disc florets

29. Asclepias tuberosa Apocynaceae - Herbaceous - Average, dry to 24-36 in. Flower: Clustered orange or Eastern and southern A showy native milkweed that thrives in dry
perennial medium, well- (60-90 cm) yellow flowers, 2–5 inches United States soils with low organic content, offering a
Butterfly milkweed - Typically grows in a drained soils across, are at the top of the bright orange inflorescence to the roof’s color
clump to 1-3' tall and - Drought tolerant flowering stem. palette, it brings wildlife interest in addition to
features clusters - Does well in poor, its ability to live among other strong plants. It
(umbels) of bright dry soils Leaf: Spirally arranged, is commonly used in Butterfly gardens,
orange to yellow- - Full sun lanceolate, alternate, pointed, and meadows, prairies, or naturalized/native plant
orange flowers atop - Favors dry, sand or smooth on the edge, provide a areas and also be effective in sunny borders. Its
upright to reclining gravel soil, but has dark-green backdrop for the seed pods are valued in dried flower
- Hairy stems with also been reported showy flower heads. arrangements.
narrow, lance-shaped on stream margins.
leaves.
- Does not have
milky-sapped stems.
- Flowers give way to
prominent, spindle-
shaped seed pods (3-
 6" long) which split
open when ripe
releasing numerous
silky-tailed seeds for
dispersal by the
wind.

30. Solidago nemoralis Asteraceae - Flowering prairie - Grow in full sun or 6-30 in Flower: Tiny flowers in plume- Native to Western N. This conspicuous inhabitant of native fields
plant in very light shade (1 1/2-2 ft.) shaped clusters up to 6 inches tall, America colonizes and establishes itself readily. As it is
Old field goldenrod - The stalk itself is - Prefers light yellow, occur on the upper side of easily recognized, it brings meadow analogies
covered with a fine (sandy), medium hairy stalks which arch out and to the rooftop, serving a didactic and aesthetic
down, and ends in a (loamy) and heavy downward creating a vase-shaped purpose.
plume-like cluster of (clay) soils, and can flower cluster.
yellow flowers. grow in heavy clay
- Can be distinguished soil Leaf: Thin, coarsly-toothed,
by its nodding head - Requires dry or lance-shaped, usually near the top
and stiffer moist, and well- of the plant, and become broadest
pubescence. drained soil. near their tips.

Stem: Clumps of slender, gray-

downy stems produce terminal,
one-sided, yellow plumes that
gives the perennial a vase-shaped
appearance
 Seed: Single (achenes) and have
tufts of fine hair at the tips.

31. Coreopsis verticillata
Thread-leaved tickseed,
whorled coreopsis,
thread leaf coreopsis, pot-of-
gold
Asteraceae - A bushy, yet elegant, - Full sun. 1.5 to 2 ft. Flower: Pale yellow, daisy-like Grow naturally in the Numerous yellow blooms and vigorous growth
much-branched - Dry to medium flowers with untoothed rays and southeastern United characteristics make this well suited to the
perennial with three- moisture, well- darker yellow center disks; States from Maryland stresses of rooftop gardens. It is good to be a
parted threadlike drained soil appear singly in loose clusters and Virginia to West border planting which can be effective in
leaves arranged in - Tolerant of heat, (cymes) Virginia, Tennessee and naturalized areas, native plant gardens or
opposite pairs or in humidity and Arkansas, and south to cottage gardens. However, it is also a good
whorls of three. drought. Leaf: Palmately 3-parted leaves northern Florida. plant for areas with poor, dry soils.
- The foliage looks a with thread-like segments end a
little like that of fine-textured and airy appearance
cosmos to the plant
- Flowers are
produced abundantly
in loose, open
clusters on thin, wiry
stems

32. Rudbeckia hirta Asteraceae - Flowers having dark - Average, medium 2 to 3 ft. Leaf: Mostly basal leaves 10-18 Native to most of North Usually inhabits waste-places, roadsides, and
purplish brown moisture, well- (1-2m) cm long, covered by coarse hair, America dry fields, making the species well suited to
Black-eyed susan centers. drained soils rough, hairy, lance-shaped leaves Central United States harsh environments; it displays a large
- A coarse, hairy, - Full sun. composite flower similar to its commonly
somewhat weedy - Tolerates heat, Flower: Inflorescences measuring cultivated relatives but with the strength of a
plant that features drought and a wide 5-8 cm in diameter (up to 15 cm wild native. Black-eyed susan is an old,
daisy-like flowers range of soils in some cultivars), with yellow familiar, sometimes nostalgic and often
with bright yellow to except poorly- ray florets circling a brown, cherished wildflower for naturalized areas,
 orange-yellow rays drained wet ones. domed center of disc florets, wildflower meadows, cottage gardens, native
and domed, dark plant gardens and borders.
chocolate-brown
center disks.

33. Sedum kamtschaticum Crassulaceae
Kamtchaticum sedum,
Kamchatka Peninsula
- Semi-evergreen - Full sun 6-12 in. (15- Stem: Unbranched, succulent, Eastern Asia A low-growing sedum spreads trailing stems
perennial - Grow in well- 30 cm) dark green and form a loose semi- across the substrate surface, forming a dense
- Leaves look like a drained soil of evergreen mat. groundcover in well-drained areas with full
small Pachysandra moderate fertility sun. It is used for dry areas in rock gardens, as
terminalis, is toothed that is neutral to Leaves: Alternate, succulent, an edging in a perennial border, stone walls or
toward the apex or slightly alkaline. glossy dark green, bluntly as a ground cover on slopes or hills. It is a
top half of the leaf. serrated above the middle and vigorous, evergreen perennial with trailing
- Flowers yellow. variable in shape, can be linear to growth habit. Sedums are excellent grown in
spatulate (spoon shaped), flat the rock garden, containers between stepping
leaves with notched margins. stones or in wall niches.

Flower: Yellow, 1/2 in. wide

florets in flat terminal cymes of
6-10 florets, star-shaped

Fruit: Star-like, orange follicles

34. Sedum spurium “John Crassulaceae - Cactus and - Part shade to full under 6 in. Foliage: Rubbery-textured, small Native to the Caucasus The two-row stonecrop 'John Creech' is
Creech” succulents sun (15 cm) leaves, evergreen, poisonous, region of Eastern distinguished by its pink flowers, robust nature
- A vigorous, - Mostly sand to clay rounded, flattened, medium green Europe and small, dense green foliage. This creeping,
Two-row stonecrop evergreen perennial loam leaves, succulent perennial is a popular evergreen to
 with a mat-forming - Dry to normal semi-evergreen garden ornamental primarily
growth habit water need Flower: Long lasting, poisonous, grown for its pretty succulent leaves. It can
- Excellent grow in - Average, dry to showy, pinks, star-shaped, held in quickly form a dense mat of foliage by
the rock garden, medium, well- round corymbs creeping stems that root at the nodes as they
containers between drained soils. spread along the ground. It looks great planted
stepping stones or in - Tolerates heat and along south-facing stone walls or along the
wall niches. drought front a border.

35. Iris japonica Iridaceae - A variety of Iris with - Can thrive in poor 12-18 in. Root: Rhizome or bulbous roots- Native of China, Iris japonica is a common groundcover in
evergreen foliage soil (30-45 cm) that spreads underground to grow growing in open forest many suburban areas. It sometimes grows on
Orchid Iris, Fringed iris, Iris that is used as - Full sun to partial new shoots edges and grasslands roofs. As this suggests, it's pretty drought
fimbriata groundcover in shade tolerant. Nice little hardy, evergreen,
shaded area - Tolerant dry Foliage: herbaceous, green stem, variegated Iris with white and lilac flower
- A bulbous perennial conditions spikes.
with evergreen, Flower: Orange, medium blue,
sword-shaped leaves white/near white
and pale lavender
flowers with yellow-
orange crests and
fringed edges on the
petals

36. Aeonium canariense
Canary Island aeonium,
velvet rose, giant velvet rose
Crassulaceae - Offsetting succulent, - Part to full sun 60-120 cm Flower: Pale green, yellow, pink, Native to the Canary It is pleasing to the eye, and pleasing to the
short stem - Needs well drained white, star-shaped flowers are islands touch. This low-branching succulent is easy to
- Grow along the soil borne on cone-shaped spikes grow, tolerant of dry shade, and can be massed
ground but the - Dry, sandy soil as a groundcover.
flowers stand up - Preferable to Foliage: Evergreen, succulent,

37. Portulaca grandiflora
cultivars
Moss rose, Portulaca
38. Portulaca oleracea cultivars
Purslane, Pigweed
very tall. provide cool shade rubbery-textured, sticky leaves
- Cactus and during dormancy with dense white hairs on both
succulents - Drought-tolerant surfaces.
Perennial
- Loose rosettes of
emerald green with
dense hairs covering
leaf surface.
Portulacaceae - A prostrate herb with - Full sunlight under 6 in. Leaf: Cylindrical Native to Argentina, Moss rose makes a beautiful ground cover in a
succulent - Well-drained soils (15 cm) and pointed at the tips; thick and southern Brazil, and dry or rocky area, although it cannot be walked
leaves and stems - Prefer sandy or fleshy; arranged alternately or in Uruguay and originates on. Moss rose is often used as edging at the
- A small, but fast- gravelly soils small clusters; bright green from the dry plains of front of borders or in the cracks in a rock wall,
growing annual plant - Drought tolerant South America or the spaces between stepping stones. It's
- Regular watering Flower: Rose-like; five petals; perfect for a hot, dry, south facing slope. It is
variably red, orange, pink, white, also used in hanging baskets or in container
and yellow; some are striped or gardening and widely grown in temperate
spotted with contrasting colors; climates as an ornamental plant for annual
on the stem tips, and they open bedding.
only during bright sunlight
Portulacaceae - A widespread weed - Full or part shade up to 40cm Stem: Smooth, reddish, mostly Widespread in all states Pigweed is edible and the fleshy leaves are
that has a prostrate - Adequate moisture prostrate; red except Tasmania. sometimes used in salads. It flowers readily
habit with reddish - Well-drained soil Cosmopolitan and spreads rapidly through seed. One
stems arising from a - Withstand Leaf: Alternate leaves clustered at drawback in its use on green roofs is that it
single rooting point considerable stem joints and ends; fleshy; oval- behaves like an annual and when the plant dies,
 - Prostrate herb with drought. shaped, succulent; dark green the somewhat persistent bare stems look like
fleshy, reddish stems sticks sticking out from the substrate and can
and thick, succulent Flower: Yellow; five regular be an eyesore. However it is not often
leaves which are parts; 6 mm wide; open singly at cultivated as an ornamental species due to its
oval shaped and the center of the leaf cluster for invasive tendencies. It is common weeds at a
about 25 mm long. only a few hours on sunny glance.
mornings, seeds are formed in a
tiny pod, which opens when the
seeds are ready.

Root: tap root with fibrous

secondary roots and is able to
tolerate poor, compacted soils and
drought.

39. Portulaca pilosa Portulacaceae - Has distinctive tufts - Full Sun 1 to 6 inches Leaf: Cylindrical with red Native of America and Portulaca pilosa is a highly variable species. It
of white shaggy hairs - Drought-tolerant; (5-20 cm) margins; thick and narrow; its range extends from exhibits morphologic variability during
Kiss-Me-Quick, on the stems. - Average Water alternate, succulent; leaf blade the southern United development. The plant appears to behave as
Pink Purslane, Akulikuli, - Succulent prostrate Needs terete-linear or subulate- States and the an annual or weak perennial where it is
Hairy Portulaca herb, mat-forming lanceolate; apex acute Caribbean as far south common weeds of tended areas.
with linear leaves as Brazil.
and pink flowers Flower: Red-purple; borne in
heads or fascicles but usually
with only one flower open at any
 time; surrounded by involucre of
6-9 bracts and dense wool; the
basal half densely clothed in
white hairs. Style and stigma red,
stigma 3-6 -lobed.

Stem: Prostrate, suberect to erect,

succulent; not articulated, densely
caespitose, diffuse and much
branched; leaf axils densely
pilose.

Fruit: A capsule 2-2.5 mm diam

which dehisces along the equator
like an operculum; Seeds black,
numerous; Embryo C-shaped.

40. Serissa foetida ‘Snow Rubiaceae - Has naturally small - Sun/part sun 3 to 4 ft. Flower: Small white flowers; not Native to open sub- Serissa is one of the most popular of all bonsai
Leaves’ dark green leaves - Average water fragrant, have an unpleasant smell tropical woodlands and subjects, but it can be difficult to maintain.
Synonym: Serissa japonica and rough interesting - Well-drained soil if bruised. wet meadows in This plant is great for indoors. Serissa also is
‘Snow Leaves’ trunk. - Drought tolerant southeast Asia, from used in front of foundations and in planter
- An evergreen shrub Foliage: Opposite, simple deep India, and China to boxes. Its tidy habit and long blooming period
Serissa, Yellow-rim with oval, deep green leaves; 1 to 1.5" long; Japan. make it an attractive hedge and edging plant.
green, opposite yellow margin; small, funnel- The tiny evergreen leaves, gnarled trunk and
leaves and rough, shaped with tubular frequent blooming make the little Serissa a
 grey trunk. calyces and 4-6 spreading petal; favorite among bonsai enthusiasts.
- Has many upright lobes borne singly or in clusters
wiry stems that
branch in all
directions and form a
wide bushy dome.

41. Carex nigra Cyperaceae - Rush or Sedge - Part shade to full 0.5-0.75 ft. Foliage: Dark blue-green to blue- Native to Eastern This sedge is good for water gardens, ground
- It is evergreen in all shade gray foliage with a powdery United State covers and rock gardens. It works well when
Black Sedge but the coldest - Moist fertile soil white underside. grown in mass plantings or as a specimen or
climates, spreading accent plant. It will grow in shallow (3-4 ")
by runners to form Flower: Black flowers and seed water, tolerating deeper water as it ages.
tufts heads are attractive through not
- Beautiful green showy.
foliage, black
flower spikes

42. Carex stricta Cyperaceae - Rush or Sedge - Full sun to part 1 to 3 ft. Stem: Bearing greenish or Native to Central The easiest way to recognize this sedge is by it
- Spreads by rhizomes shade brownish spikes of inconspicuous United States is distinctive elevated tussocks (dense tufts) in
Tussock sedge to form large - Prefer moist to wet flowers open wet areas. It grows abundantly, often in
colonies. soils seasonally flooded sites. Therefore, it is best
- A slender, grass-like - Grows well in wet Leaf: Dense tufts of grass-like grown in mass for foliage effect in moist to wet
plant with a cluster low spots, water leaves; exceeded by the stem in areas including ones with standing water. It is
of brown seed margins and areas height also a good selection for low spots,
capsules clinging that experience stream/pond margins or areas with seasonal
high on the stem some seasonal Flower: not showy, flooding and may be grown in a variety of
flooding upland locations as long as soils are kept
 - Tolerates shady consistently moist. Tussock sedge is an
conditions effective accent for smaller gardens and
ground cover for shady areas.

43. Deschampsia flexuosa Poaceae - Ground-hugging - Shade or sun up to 50cm Foliage: Bright green; alternate- Native to Eastern US Wavy hair grass is ideal in drifts at front of
rounded clump - Prefer humus rich arranged; leaf blades mainly informal shady border and also good in a
Crinkled hair grass, - Forms slightly damp / wet soil type basal, linear to setaceous , flat, container. Besides, it is ideal low growing
Wavy hair grass weeping loose - Tough and drought folded or rolled; fine-textured plantings for woodland shade areas or dappled
tussocks tolerant shade.
- Perennial , tufted , Flower: Clouds of hazy purple
sometimes tinted flowers; yellow;
rhizomatous inconspicuous;

44. Festuca ovina 'var' Poaceae - Ornamental Grasses - Sun to partial shade under 6 in. Foliage: Evergreen, blue-green Native to Canada and The green fine and soft foliage make Sheep’s
and Bamboo - Average water (15 cm) hair-like, sharply-pointed but not some parts of the fescue great as an accent plant. It is sometimes
Sheep’s fescue，blue fescue - A densely tufted needs prickly; very narrow; rolled up in United States used as a drought-tolerant lawn grass. The
perennial grass - Drought and heat the bud and persist in this main use of this plant is as pasture for sheep on
- Singular dense tolerant. condition even when fully poor land where more valuable grasses cannot
clumps - Flourish on dry and developed; bristly appearance be successfully grown. Now, it is widely used
- Fine-textured sterile ground in roof planting.
where most other Flower: Straw-colored flower
grasses cannot get a heads; the panicles are both
foothold slightly feathery and a bit one-
sided.

Stem: Numerous and slender,

more or less angular, and from
 eight to twenty-four inches high;
surrounded at their base with
numerous secondary shoots

45. Festuca rubra Poaceae - Perennial with long, -Full sun to light .2-20 cm Flower: In a panicle as it is larger Native to the California, Red Fescue is a very smooth and textured plant
creeping, shade, one of the and often a little nodding; the United States and is with splashes of red and green. Great as an
Red fescue underground most shade resistant spike-lets, each of which contains also found elsewhere in accent plant for green roof. It is useful in
rootstocks, from the lawn grasses 4-6 flowers, are variously North America and landscaping, medicinal and culinary. In
joints of which the - Needs regular water coloured but often reddish-brown; beyond. addition, Red fescue is an excellent soil binder
over ground stems in the low desert the outer glume of the flower has and used extensively for stabilizing waterways,
and shoots arise. areas. Little water an longer awn slopes, banks, cuts, and fills. It also helps in
- Has sub-species everywhere else recreation and beautification which is used as a
forms that have Leaf: Narrow and needle like, turf for lawns, athletic fields, golf courses, and
rhizomes and forms making it less palatable to playgrounds.
tufts livestock; wiry, bright green;
- The tufted nature is rolled up in the bud, but only the
what gives the grass basal ones persist in that
its springy condition; be flat when developed
characteristic. except in very dry, hot weather.

46. Sansevieria trifasciata Agavaceae
Snake plant, Devil’s tongue,
Good luck plant, Mother-
in-law’s-tongue, Snake
Sansevieria
- Shrub-like clumps - Full sun to dense 30-200cm Foliage: Glossy, fibrous; plastic- Native to South Africa; Snake plant is typically utilized as an accent,
that more closely shade textured succulent, undulating it is widely utilized in foundation plant or in mass plantings; dwarf
resemble a - Drought-tolerant sword-shaped; linear-lanceolate; tropical climates and forms will work in subtropical rock gardens;
succulent or cacti green, white, or yellow; margins sometimes escapes furthermnorth Sansevieria spp. are utilized in
than a garden are entire and tips acuminate; cultivation. interiorscapes, patio containers, or roof-top
perennial gardens; Sansevieria spp. are favorites for
- Pleasantly coarse Flower: Fragrant, greenish coastal landscapes in tropical regions; whole

47. Zephyranthes candida
Autumn Zephyrlily,
Fairy lily, White rain lily
textured white to white flowers; narrow, plants, leaves, and flowers are used for
- An evergreen tubular and are borne on loose arrangements in the floral industry.
herbaceous raceme-like space
perennial,
Fruit: An orange to orange-red,
globose; one to three-seeded
berry; not ornamental; deadhead
spend flowers.
Stem: Leaves originate from
small one to six-leaved rosettes
on rhizomatous stems;
Amaryllidaceae - A clump-forming - Partial shade to full 152-254 mm Leaf: Deep glossy green; 3 mm Native to the Rio de la Rain Lily is especially valuable as a
bulbous perennial sun (6-10 inches) wide; fine chive-like foliage Plata region of South groundcover planted under deciduous trees in
plant - Moist well-drained America including light shade. It is ideal for rock gardens and for
- Clump-forming soil Flower: Shiny pure white flowers Argentina and Uruguay tucking into groundcovers. Besides, it is ideal
perennial with glossy - Tolerate wet soils tinged pink inside that look like but also native to planted as both pot or container and border
green, narrow, basal - Sand to clay loam crocuses; showy; cup shaped Paraguay and Chile. edging colour. The rush-like leaves will reach
leaves soil white and sometimes flushed rose 12 inches (30 cm) in containers or as landscape
- Has a habit of blooms. plants. Whether grown in containers or in the
closing up its landscape they make a showy fall floral
fragrant petals at display.
night.