Annexure-I

Physico-chemical properties of Soil

The samples collected from the experimental area were analysed for

various physiochemical properties which are presented in the following table.

Elements Soil
A. Physical properties
1. Colour Black
2. Structure Blacky crumb
3. Textural class Clay loam
B. Chemical analysis
1. Available nitrogen (kg-1) 237.8
(Subbiah and Asija, 1956)
2. Available phosphorus (kg-1) 11.7
(Olsen et al., 1954)
3. Available potassium (kg-1) 294.9
(Jackson, 1973)
4. Organic carbon (%) 0.62
(Walkley and Black, 1934)
5. Soil reaction (pH) 7.6
(Jackson, 1973)
6. Electrical conductivity (dSm-1) 0.49
(Jackson, 1973)

Annexure-II

Physico-chemical properties of Vermiwash

pH 6.9
Dissolved oxygen 1.14 ppm
Alkalinity 70 meq g-1
Chloride 110 ppm
Sulphates 177 ppm
Inorganic phosphates 509 mg 1-1
Potassium 69 ppm
Sodium 122 ppm

Annexure-III

Humic acid solution

Elemental composition (%)

C 58.3
H 5.2
 N 1.2
S 0.6
Micronutrients (%)
Fe 0.290
Na 0.007
Mn 0.017
Cu 0.001
Functional groups (meq-1)
Total acidity 3.40
Carboxyl group 2.12
Phenolin substances 1.28

Annexure-IV

Panchakavya preparation

Composition of panchakavya

Materials Quantity
Cow dung 5 Kg
Cow’s Urine 3 Lit
Cow’s Milk 2 Lit
Curd (Fermented) 3 Lit
Ghee 1 Lit
Sugarcane juice 3 Lit
Tender coconut water 3 Lit
Toddy (Coconut) 2 Lit
Banana (Poovan) 12 nos
Procedure

Ghee was added with cow dung and kept as such. After 3 days it was

mixed thoroughly with hand once or twice. After 3 days, all the remaining

ingredients were mixed and poured into a cement container. The contents were

mixed thoroughly with hand followed by stirring by using a stick and kept

under shade after covering with net. After 15 days, panchakavya will ready for

use and we can use for 6 months.

Concentrations used

Three percentage concentration of panchakavya was used for foliar spray

which was prepared by mixing 300 ml of panchakavya with 10 litres of water as

when required.
 Annexure-V

Economics of bottle gourd production with integrated nutrient

management practices

Tr. Cost of cultivation Gross return Net return (Rs) Cost: Benefit
no (Rs) ratio
T1 35062 80600 45538 2.29
T2 34055 78400 44345 2.30
T3 34060 73880 39820 2.16
T4 35312 126560 91248 3.58
T5 35322 107200 71878 3.03
T6 35112 92360 57248 2.63
T7 34305 118440 84135 3.45
T8 34315 102440 68125 2.98
T9 34105 90320 56215 2.64
T10 34316 112320 78004 3.27
T11 34320 97480 63160 2.84
T12 34110 85400 51290 2.50
T13 32562 68640 65378 2.10