ViVa QUESTIONS

ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY LAB

1. What is the need for starters?
If a DC motor is started by simply switching it directly on to the power supply, it will draw a much
higher current than the normal running current. Small motors can tolerate a brief surge of high starting
current, but larger motors may be damaged if started without limiting the current. A DC motor starter inserts
resistors in series with the motor to limit the current. As the motor accelerates, the resistance is reduced in
several steps and then removed. The starter circuit includes several resistors connected in series and
several large relays that are closed one at a time to short circuit the resistors.

2. Which is the basic protective device in any circuit?

Fuse is the basic protective device in any circuit. It is always connected in series between the source and the
load. When the flow of electricity exceeds its designed threshold, the fuse is calibrated to permanently open the
series circuit thereby disconnecting the source from the load. As a result of which the equipment is prevented from
damage.

3. Name the material used for Fuse.

Generally fuse wires are made from low temperature melting point materials like lead or tin, Aluminum or
copper.

4. Why is fuse rated for amperes?

The amount of current that the fuse is supposed to stop (by melting) is called the
ampere rating of the fuse. Therefore the fuse stops the current not the power. Hence it is
rated in terms of Amperes not watts.

5. What are the protective devices incorporated in DC starters?

6. Why the field rheostat of a dc motor kept at minimum resistance position and that of Generator is in
maximum resistance position?

7. Why is the Armature rheostat of dc motor kept at maximum resistance position?

8. Write the EMF equation of DC and AC machine.

EMF equation of DC generator:

EMF equation of the Alternator:

9. Write the torque equation of DC motor.

10. Draw the torque-slip characteristics of 3 phase induction motor and explain.
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Torque-slip characteristic is a rectangular hyperbola.

11. How are the ammeters and voltmeters connected in any circuit?
Ammeter- Series
Voltmeter- Parallel.
12. What is the difference between MI and MC type instruments?
MI – Moving coil , used for Ac supply.
MC – Moving galvanometer, used for Dc supply.

16. What is back emf? Give its significance.

BACK EMF:

17. What is the difference between self-excited and separately excited machines?
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ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY LAB
Self-excited generator works on its own feedback whereas separately excited generator
need a external source to work

18. Give the applications of each type of dc motor

Series Motor:
High starting Torque, variable speed for fraction work e.g. electrical locomotives, cranes and hoist trolley, cars,
conveyors etc.
shunt Motor:
Approximately constant speed, medium starting torque during constant speed like boiler and fans, lathe,
reciprocating pumps, centrifugal pumps, machine tools.
Compound motors:
Variable speed, high starting torque
a. for punches , elevators, conveyors
b. Heavy planer, ice making machine, air compressor.
c. Rolling Hills. Printing press for intermittent high torque load

19. What are the losses in dc machine?

Cu losses Armature cu losses

Shunt Field Cu losses(constant)
Series Field Cu losses

Iron or Magnetic or Core losses Hysteresis Losses(constant)

Eddy current Losses(constant)

Machanical Losses Friction losses (constant)

Windage losses (constant)

20. How is the eddy current loss minimized in dc machine?

 Eddy currents are minimized in these devices by selecting magnetic core materials that have low
electrical conductivity (e.g., ferrites) or by using thin sheets of magnetic material, known as laminations.
Electrons cannot cross the insulating gap between the laminations and so are unable to circulate on wide
arcs
22. Name the parts of dc machine.

23. What is the use of Commutator and brushes?

Commutator: Converts bidirectional current (AC) to unidirectional current (DC)
Brushes: It collects the current from the commutator and delivers it to the external
Load.
25. Why is armature resistance less than field resistance of dc shunt machine?

26. Why is armature resistance more than field resistance of dc series machine?

27. Why is series motor best suited for traction applications?

High starting torque and variable speed
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ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY LAB
28. Why shouldn’t dc series motor started at no load?

29. Define transformer.

31. What are the various types of transformer?

a. Core type
b. Shell type
c. Spiral core transformer
d. Oil filled self cooled.
e.
f. Air blast type
g. Oil filled water cooled

32. What are the methods of speed control of dc motors?

Flux control Method and armature controlled method

34. What is the difference between two winding transformer and auto transformer?

Two winding Transformer Auto transformer

Has primary winding and secondary winding Has only one winding
Required more cu for windings Required less cu for windings

35. Why transformers and alternators are rated with kVA?

36. What is meant by power factor? Explain.

Power factor = (RMS value) / (Average power)
37. What will happen if dc supply is connected to transformer?

The transformer works on variable flux (A C flux, RMS value is constant) If we give DC input
the flux generated is stationary and cannot develop the induced EMF in primary (E1) & secondary (E2).
So there is no opposition of current flowing primary & Secondary (since E1, E2=0).Therefore high current
passes through windings and hence burns the windings.

38. What are the parts of transformer?

Iron core, windings (Both primary and secondary), insulating material and bushings.
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ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY LAB
39. Why single phase induction motors not self-starting? Classify them according to the
Starting methods.

40. Why is regulation so important for transformers and alternators?

41. What are the parts of synchronous machine? Name the material used in various parts.

42. Why is synchronous motor referred as doubly excited machine?

49. What is slip of an induction motor?

The difference between the synchronous speed (Ns) and the actual speed of the rotor N is called as slip in the
induction motor.

59.What is the principle of motor, generator and transformer?

Generator: Electromagnetic induction.
Motor : Faradays law of induction
Transformer: Mutual Induction

60. How will you find the direction of induced emf in generator and the direction of motion
of the conductor in motor?
Flemings Left hand rule.

62. What is the difference between rheostat and potentiometer?

 The fundamental difference between a potentiometer and a rheostat is that the former
is a three terminal device, while the latter is a two terminal one.
 The potentiometer has terminals at each end of the resistive element, and the
rheostat has a terminal at only one end only.
 Lastly, a pot can be used in place of a rheostat but vice-versa not possible.

63. What is L, F, A, N in dc starters?

64. What is M, L, C, and V in wattmeter?

65. What is LPF, UPF and ZPF?

66. What is E and C in autotransformer?

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ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY LAB
68. What are the advantages and disadvantages of autotransformer?
The main advantage is that the design saves on copper by using part of the HV side winding for
the LV side. This allows autotransformers to be built in somewhat greater unit sizes for the same
physical size.

The disadvantage is that the advantage runs out if the voltage ratio is high. I.e. the design is
interesting if the turns ratio is say 2 to 1 but if it is 10 or more to 1 the savings go lost in the detail
design problems.
71.Why are electrical loads used for generators and motors whereas mechanical loads for
motors?

76. What is meant by magnetizing current and working component of current with respect to
transformer?

77. Give the relation between line and phase values of i) star connected network ii) delta
connected network.

79. How can the hysteresis loss of any machine be minimized?