Various aspects

of
Indo-Pak Relations
University of Wroclaw
Middle East and South Asia in International Relations
Meha Lodha
5th January 2010

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 Contents
 History
 Facts
 Kashmir Conflict
 Other Issues
 Recent developments
 Nuclear Power
 SAARC
 Trivia

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 History
 Two Nation Theory – Jinnah
 1947 Partition of India
 Junagadh & Kashmir conflict
 War of 1947, War of 1965
 1971 Bangladeshi Liberation War
 1972 Simla Agreement
 1999 Kargil War
 2001 Indian Parliament Attack

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 India & Pakistan
 Largest country in SA  2nd largest country in SA
 New Delhi  Islamabad
 Population 1.19 b  Population 180 m
 Secular democratic  Islamic republic
republic
 138 m Muslims  173 m Muslims

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Kashmir Conflict

Administration: India 43% Pakistan 37% China 20%5

Options for resolving conflict…
 Part of India  Part of Pakistan
 Supported by Govt.,  Supported by Govt.,
Hindus, Buddhists Muslims
 Opposed by Kashmiri  Opposed by Hindus,
Muslims Buddhists

 Independent Kashmir  LOC as intl. border

 Supported by some  Supported by India
Kashmiris  Opposed by Pakistan –
 Opposed by India, lesser control
Pakistan, China

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 Related Issues…
 Siachen Glacier
 Sir Creek
 Baglihar project
 Tulbul navigation project
 Drug Trafficking
 Terrorism/Organized Crime
 Prisoners
 Roadblocks for trade and transit

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 Relations before Mumbai
Attack
 Samjhauta Express
 Delhi-Lahore Bus
 Srinagar-Muzaffarabad Bus
 Thar Express
 Indo-Pak Confederation
 Indo-Pak Joint Judicial Committee
 Indian cricket team - Pakistan Tour
 Release of prisoners

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 Samjhauta Express
 “Compromise”
 1976 (result of 1972
Simla Agreement)
 Discontinued Jan
2002 - Jan 2004
 2007 Bombing – 68
casualties
 RSS Hindus blamed
for involvement

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2001 Indian Parliament Attack
 Lashkar-e-Toiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed
terrorists
 Casualties - 5 terrorists, 6 police and 1

civilian
 India-Pakistan standoff

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 2008 Mumbai Attacks
 10 coordinated shooting &
bombing
 Attacks in 4 days
 173 people killed, 308
injured
 Operation Black Tornado
 Ajmal Kasab (LeT)
undergoing trial
 Hampered bilateral
relations

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 Nuclear Weapons
India Pakistan

Nuclear program 1967 1972

start
1st nuclear 1974 1998
weapon test
Last nuclear test 1998 1998

NPT Signatory? No No

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 SAARC
 Economic and political organization
 Established 1985
 Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal,

Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka & Afghanistan

 SAPTA enforced in 1995
 Pakistan denies India MFN status
 SAFTA – No customs duty by 2016

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 Trivia
 Village in India named Pakistan
 2005 earthquake Pakistan

Indian Govt. & private sector companies

25 tonnes relief material and $ 226 k aid
 Indian and Pakistani cricket teams – arch

rivals
 Civil Visit – Declaration at Police Station

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Thank You!

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