2.36, A linearly polarized plane wave traveling along the negative z-axis is incident upon an elliptically polarized antenna (either CW or CCW). The axial ratio of the antenna polarization ellipse is 2:1 and its major axis coincides with the principal x-axis. Find the polarization loss factor (PLE) assuming the incident wave is linearly polarized in the (a) x-direction (b) y-direction 236. Es (adx ajcy ET (a= 2d tpg = @) Ew = te Ew > Gy ade PLES [@w:fal*= Fels $x oge-o.7691 a8 ) Ew s Gen > y= dy PLES Ibu @l?s [gels Fs 0.2 6.7897082.7. The normalized radiation intensity of a given antenna is given by sin 6 sin & (b) U = sin @ sin* d sin 6 sin? (d) U = sin? @sin & (e) U = sin? 6 sin? ) U = sin? Osin’ 6 The intensity exists only in the 0 = 6 = 7,0 = } = mregion, and it is zero elsewhere. Find the (a) exact directivity (dimensionless and in dB) (b) azimuthal and elevation plane half-power beamwidths (in degrees). Find the directivity (dimensionless and in dB) for the antenna of Problem 2.7 using (a) Kraus’ approximate formula (2-26) (©) Tai and Peceira’s approximate formula (2-30a) 2.8. 2-7 Do = 40 Umar Prod @) U=Sine snp for 06K, OS BET Ulm =| and Ak occurs When B=P= %, Prod =f" CUsinaddgs ( “sinasde ("Sintode =2(Z)=t. This Dos ATS 24 = 6.0248 The half— power beamwidths are equal to HPBW Caz.)= 20 90> sin'c)7 = 2 Fo%30°) = 120° HPBW Cel.) =2 [76% sin'C Ya) ] = 2 C70°~30°) = 120° Ina similar manner, it canbe Shown that for ()) U=Sine Siwy @ Dos 5.07 =7.0TdB HPBW Cel.) = (20%, HPBWlaz.) = Fo° 28. Using the haif-power beamuidths found inthe previous problem (problem 2-'1), the diectivity for each intensity using Kraus’ avd Tai and Persire’s formulas is given by U=sine-smg } ca) D, = 41253_ _ Ai 263 @i4 B24 120 ¢120) a ~~ TaBiG 2 22,815 52.53 = 4.03 dB @ia+ @3 c120)* C120) ~ 3.922 58208 _ 6b) Dp 8.245 5.10d8 = 2.86=4.57d8 U=Sine-sin’g 5 fs. B a2-18. Using the Computer Program Directivity at the end of chapter 2, the directivities fer each radiation intensity OF Problem 2.7 are equal to Q. U=sinesing 5 Prag =3.1318 e400 > Des ABU noe — 536. Umax ; Bisig = 40125 9 6.03448 b. Ussine si? ; Prog = 2.4590 Umax = 4 > Do= ATL - 5 iio35g 5 7.084548 2abqo c. U=Sine-swe ; Pad = 20870 = . = ATL . 4 Usnox = 4 > DB Foa7e 7 802124 > 7804B d. U=sinresing ; Pag =2.6579 - [p= 4mL. Umox = 4 7D Bios 4.72773 > 6.746d8 & Ussinesive ; Prod = 20870 D= SEL = 6 0226 > 7.7768 dB 2.0870 $ U=sin’6- sinks; Prag = 1.7714 wf D, = Siaig = 20rK03 9 8.5087d82.25. A uniform plane wave, of a form similar to (2-55), is traveling in the positive zaxis. Find the polarization (linear, circular, or elliptical), sense of rotation (CW or CCW), axial ratio (AR), and tilt angle Gin degrees) when @ B= 8, A= 4,- $,=0 () E+E, Ad = 4, - 4, © E= Ep Ab = 4, - 4 @) E, = Ey Ab = 4, - 4, ©) E,=E, Ab = 4, - dy OM E=E, Ab = 4 - & (@) E, = 0.5 Ey Ab = 4, — b,= m2 (h) £, = 058, Ad = 4, — In all cases, justify the answer. — aid 225. (o} Linear because 4M =0. > Linear beamuse A’=O0. cc) Circular because 4, Ex =By 2. A4g=%™% . Ccw because Ey teads Ex, AR=1 ,,T=%o Cd) Circular becuse 4. Ex =Ey 2. AB=-"he . CW beause Ey bags Ex, AR=1, T=fo fe) Ellipticad because Ap is not multiples of "2. CCW becouse Ey leads Ex. AR= 0A/oB Letting E,=Ey=Eo \ OA= FoloSCi+itvz)] “= 1.30656 & yea = 130656 _ 08 = E.LoSCitt-va)] = 0.541% Ee OB4u ts T= Fo'~ f ton [242 Gee) ] = Fo°— taw'( LBS) v=1 = 0° S(t!) = 45° CH Elliptical because. Ap is not ‘multiples of Tz Cw because Ey fags Ex .30656 From above OA= 1-30656 Fe } Sag = 130656 = 2.4.14 ™ 0B = 6.541% Fo ; BATE From above T= %o%- X(t =45° 225 (alk), EHiptiol because 4. Ee # & 2. AB is vet zero or multi ples of TT. CCW because By leods Ex, OA = Ey{ £ [o25+1+0.75]}%=6, OB = Ey{t[o. 541-075] }*= 0.56, T? 0" 3 tal (Bae) = O°— ZLB") = 0” 2414, } Pakwas-2. =ON5, Ch) Elliptia£ because 1. Ex #Ey 2. 4B is not zero or muttiples of 7. CW because Ey &. From above. OA =Ey } Pane ae=2 0B 56.5 Ey T= FO° EIB") = 0°2.28. A linearly polarized wave traveling in the positive z-direction is incident upon a cir- cularly polarized antenna. Find the polarization loss factor PLF (dimensionless and in 4B) when the antenna is (based upon its transyaission mode operation) (a) right-handed (CW) (b) left-handed (CCW) 228. Assuniing electric Field is x-palarizedt ©) By= de OS by = dk a on Ea = (dy jd efen0,0) 9 =) PLE = |@w:fal*= 2[Gxrdy -j a& Ae |* Since Og = & @S¢ @sp + 4, ase sing - desing Op = ~&eSing+ ay os PLE = $0 as%9 @sty + Sin?g) ) when Eas Cds +) dy )Ef(16,9), PLE is also PLE = £C00s%* Gs*y + sin'W) A more general, but alsoware cmplex, expression Gnbe deriveel when the. Incident Slectric field is of the-form Ey= Cadk +bahe3** where a,b are real constonts Tt canbe shown Clsing the Same. procedure) that a Me PLE = GES [ tamsoace + beinosing)*+ casing ~besg)* J 2.29. A circularly polarized wave, traveling in the positive z-direction, is incident upon a circularly polarized antenna, Find the polarization loss factor PLF (dimensionless and in GB) for right-hand (CW) and left-hand (CCW) wave and antenna. 229 a) Ey B Getjql ts G= ACh AS) Ea® Ei (ds ~ jd) $c,0,9)9 a= E Cds ~ jap) PLE=%| Coit jah). (do JQ)? 21 de de 2 dy de) . ~} (de dy $0, b | Converting the spherical unit vectors to rectangular, a3 it wag done tm Problem 2.27, Leads to PLE = #(CoS@ +))* cb) When Ewe Bo (dk aya eo" E, + Ea (ds+jdpft5e@) the PLF is equal to PLE = 2 CosO FI)*