Practical l\iethod for the Violin BY NICOLAS LAOUREUX

PART II

The Positions

Violin "methods"generally pass from the first position to the second, from the second to the third, and so on in numerical order.

To go directly from the first to the third position seems simpler and easier. Later, the pupil will find his second position between the first and the third. Moreover, this manner of proceeding will allow us to begin, . at the same time, the highly important study of the shifts. To learn the fingerings of the positionsseems, at first, to be the difficult point. Yet this is only a matter of memorizing figures .

. Take a pupil who already knows his positions, and give him a fairly rapid slurred passage goingfromone position to another. The difficulty which he will encounter in playing it will be precisely in the changes ofposition which we call "shifts."

To forestall this difficulty at the outset by numerous exercises in shifting, is absolutely indispensable.

It is important, in order to shift easily, that the pupil should hold his hand well out, and especially avoid resting it against the edge of the violin when arriving at the third position, and leaving the thumb bent round the bottom of the neck. This would cause a displacement of the position of the hand, and would Jar ter render the shift from the third to the fifth position very awkward.

In both the 1st and 3d positions keep the thumb opposite the first finger.

1st ·t· 3d 1st 3d 3d

POSI IOn pos. pos. pos. 1st pos. 8

i til 2 1 2 pos. _ c=- !--.2 .8~ 1~ 1

We r -I r - I r r 1 I IT r 1 I rr N I fl r 1 I r=F 1 r I U E l II

. . ad position

i 1st posttion :;: 2 ~ ~ 8 2 t 2 3

W e J J 0 J I JJ J J I J - I i J U I J J 1 J I J -

~..__./ <::» '-._..; +..._..., <:»: .....__.._./

ltst POS2ition: 3 2 1 2 3 ad position 4, 8 2 1 2 8

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-

1st position 4,

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II

3d position t 0 1 3 2. 3 1 0

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3d position r--:;;l ~ 1 0

3 ~. -# Ii t r r r I r r . r ~ I r r F r I r r r J I

1 0 1 ~ ~

f'# rrr r t I r r r J I r ; r r I r = r 1 I

3rt position r--' t 1

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t .## t f t f 1ft t r I t f t fir f t 1 I

3d position • 1 • t • ~ 1 1 ~ t • t •

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2 4, 1 4, 24,34, 231

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3d position t t 2 I • t ~

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@)

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Etude in the 3d Position

Exercise in the 3d Position

Use the whole bow, the fingers striking firmly. Moderato

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Exercise in Going from the 1st to the 3d Position

Shift with the open string. The thumb opposite the first finger. When shifting, let the hand slide lightly without pressing the neck.

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,

ETUDE

Scale - Study in the 3d Position

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The pupil will have to practise the following exercises until the passage from the 1st to the 3d position becomes quite easy with any finger.

, ••• 1 •••• .~... ~4 ~ ••• R •••• • •••••

e PH] I f1 e I tEa I r tL r lEt rr I fUji I "Ffl Jf P-I J -I

Changing the Position with Two Different Fingers

~ 1 " ,

Example Fit rtJIp

The portamento must start from the first note,i.e.,the finger of I that note must reach the higher position before the one of the second note touches the string.

The teacher will perceive that the small note is meant only to in-

II dicate the movement of the finger which operates the change of position; analyzing the exercise as below, the pupil will see the utility of this system for obtaining a proper portamento.

N. B. The small note should not be heard.

i. 1 1 1 1 1 I 2 2 ~2 2 2 1 1 1 ~ 3

3 W 11 J3 tJ :11= B D 41: @ @ :11: B ~d :1

1 1

1 1 4 "

2 2 2 2

2 2 3 3

2 2 4 4

3 34"

1 1 3 3 8 1

1 t 4 4

1 1 " 4" t

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223 3 IJ 2

2 2 4 4

2 2 4 4, " 2

8344 384443

MELODIE

Exercise in Shifting Without sliding the finger along the string

Andante

8 a

a 8

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t: r;,; '-../ 7i " ETUDE

1st and 3d Positions.

Moderato,largamente

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t~ . ~

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2

Extension of the 4th Finger in the 3d Position (Harmonics)

By extending the 4th finger in the 3d position one can get the harmonic tone an octave higher than the open string. It is marked ~ ,which indicates that the finger must only lightly touch the string, wi thout pressing it.

N. B. To let the harmonic sound, the other fingers must not touch the string.

LJ "V"

Example , (! t J Jj) J I j

-

-

" o

o

" 4 0

1

4 " 0

V .~ V

000

The harmonic may also be reached by starting with the 4th finger from the 1st position. Let the hand slide gently from 1st to 3d position, while slightly raising and extending the 4th finger.

4- 4-

~o

4- 4- 4 0 O.

4 4 0

4 4 4: 0 0

4: 4- o 0

4- 4 o 0

4: o

4: 4

f for t I J1 IT

,

ETUDE

Andantino,

. 4 0 0

1

1

4-

_0

o

4- o

1~

_j

-

4

Ii 0 0

f

On the 2d Position, lying between the 1st and 3d

The preceding exercises in passing from the 1st to the 3dposition, having given the' pupil sufficient practice in shifting, it is well now to introduce the 2d position by progressive exercises. This manner of proceeding will have the advantage of showing the pupil in what cases that position is used; moreover, it will make it easier to reach, as the same passages, with the same fingerings, are given in the 1st,2d and 3d positions.

i. • t- tdPO~ion 3 Ii t 2 3..- ~

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U ill ~~ ~~

f j au an I efi1 ffiJ I ih r r r r It r r r Cr U I

• For the sa.ke of brevity, the position will hereafter be indioated by a. simple Roman numeral (I, ll, III, etc.)

IT I

,_ 2 2. , I

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Scale of C major in the 2d Position .

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,

ETUDE

1st,2d and 3d Positions

ETUDE

(1) Two bows to each measure, very slowly. Andante

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~ -- ~ ---

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4 ~ em r c r F r rEF rRt I clFr err r c r [: r fFr 1

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~ -

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4

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ETUDE

To be practised at first with broad detached strokes, from middle to point.

Moderato ..

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._ - 3 3 3 ~ ~ 3
• • 1 1 1 1 '1 ~ i ~ 11 ~ 11 ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ - ~ 1 1 1
0 U ETUDE

N. B. Keep the ls_t and 4tJI fingers down; lift them only to change fingerings or strings.

DOUBLE -STOPPING

The pupil finds difficulty in distinguishing between major and minor intervals. Besides the fact that his ear is not trained to recognize two tones at once, he has no exact idea how near together or far apart are the tones forming these two intervals. In order to render the work clearer and easier we shall begin with broken intervals.

The Sixth, starting from the Octave Without lifting the finger to pass from one octave to another.

Movement of the wrist.

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4· GOOf laGOr luGor laOOr ,. n 0 [) L lig 0 0 r In Gar 18 0 0 rl ,·jgoOr InOOJ lifuOJ IOOOJ IJ t - I

Keep the 1st and 4th fingers on the string.

2 '·iD 0 IV 0 IV 0 Iva IV 0 18 0 I

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-l- 4 4 b ~ a 4 4

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. 1 II':_.../' '___/

In order that the pupil may not be in doubt when he has two notes to take together, we shall employ the following graphic signs: ...---, Fingers well apari; J Fingers close together.

~ d] ~ ]~ ]~ ~ 1] ~ I ]~ ] ~

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Octaves, Sevenths, Sixths

Keep down the finger which takes the octave.

Octaves, Seconds, Thirds and Fifths

Set the ls_t finger squarely upon the fifth at the beginning of the measure.

A Special Study on Thirds

-l. ] a 1 r'I 2 4- 1."1 2 4-] ]1 ~. ~

13 ,! f9 1 lB. I 59 i I #lJ U I J I, I #~ I

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3 3
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4 4 o

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2

,

ETUDE

N.B. This study serves as a preparation to the following one in double-stops. The pupil will have to keep the fingers on the string during the entire stroke.

4--:=----

Staccato secco 3 2~-...... 4

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ETUDE

TRILLS

Their Divisions and Endings

Lento

1 '-'l_} C' IJ~ J-.i_D I ~-=J U~

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---------.

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PREPARED TRILLS

Lento ~ __ ---

5 ,M't1- (r IfFrrrrtEI~1 r

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Beginning the trills slowly, as in the preceding exercises.

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'Me t@1 n I~I e lti:el" IttDl e I the 1 0 I , M i irfi r I ~ r 1 «tc E 1 q D r 1 %D r 1 cl I

similar ly

STUDY OF VARIOUS TRILLS

THE 4tP. AND 5t!l POSITIONS

In order to pass easily from the first to the fourth and fifth positions, the pupil will have ro bend his left hand well out, and hold the neck between the first joint of the thumb and the third joint of the first finger, so that he need not alter the position of the hand.and will have the same freedom in moving and placing his fingers in the fourth and fifth positions, as in the first.

I IV IV

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. . 4th position

Scale inD major. - /7'. ~ , •

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Scale in E major:4t!>position~ ~

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From the 3d to the 5th position advance the thumb a little, so that the fingers may keep their natural position.

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Octaves, in All Five Positions

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IV 4 V 4 IV 4 III 4

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Study in Octaves in the Five Positions

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Exercise in the 5th position ~

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Study in the Five Positions

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