Amino

 Acids  

Primary     Secondary   Tertiary   Quaternary  

Glycine   Alpha  Helix   • Beta-­‐alpha-­‐Beta   Examples:    

Alanine   • Beta-­‐Hairpins   • Silk  Fibroin  
Serine   1.5  angstroms/  aa   • Alpha-­‐alpha  coiled  coil   • Alpha-­‐keratin  
Cysteine   5.4  angstroms  for  rise   • Greek  key  w/  only  Beta   • Collagen  
Threonine   3.6  angstroms/  turn   sheets    
Valine   Phi:  -­‐57o   • Beta-­‐alpha-­‐  Beta  loop   Pics  of  quaternary  on  
Isoleucine   Sci  :  -­‐47o   • Alpha/Beta  Barrel   the  next  page  
Leucine   • Beta  Barrel  
Aspartate   Beta-­‐  Pleated  Sheets  
Glutamate  
Aspartamine   Pics  of  tertiary  on  the  
Glutamine   next  page  
Methionine  
Lysine   Antiparallel  sheets   Parallel  Sheets  
Tyrosine   7  Ao  of  length   6.5  Ao  of  length  
Tryptophan   phi:  -­‐139o   phi:  -­‐119o  
Arginine   sci:  135o   sci:  113o  
Histidine  
Proline  
Phenylalanine   Beta  turns  
 
Made  up  of  Proline  and  
Glycine  
 Tertiary  Structure  pics  

Quaternary  Structure  pics  

Collagen  

Silk  Fibroins  
Alpha  keratins  
 Carbohydrates  

Monosaccharides   Disaccharides   Polysaccharides   Glycoconjugates  

D-­‐Glyceraldehydes   Maltose   Energy  Storage:   Structure  and  protection  

Dihydroxyacetone   Sucrose   Amylose   Peptidoglycans  
D-­‐Ribose  (Rib)   Cell  biose   Glycogen   Proteoglycans  
Beta-­‐D-­‐Ribofuranose   Lactose   Amylopectin   Recognition  and  adhesion  
D-­‐Glucose  (glc)     Glycoproteins  
Beta-­‐D-­‐Glucopyranose   Structure  and  protection:     N-­‐linked  to  Asn  
D-­‐  Fructose  (fru)   Cellulose     O-­‐linked  to  Ser  or  Thr  
alpha-­‐D-­‐Fructofuranose   Chitin   Glycolipids  
D-­‐Mannose  (man)   Glycosaminoglycans  
Beta-­‐D-­‐  Mannopyranose   Hyaluronate  
D-­‐  Galactose   Chondroitin-­‐4-­‐sulfate  
Beta-­‐D-­‐Galactopyranose  

Glycogen  
 Glycoconjugates  

S.  aureus  peptidoglycan   Proteoglycans-­‐  Similar  to  GAGS  

Glycolipidsà  on  the  cell  surface  for  

recognition  

Glycoproteins:  N-­‐linked Glycoproteins:  O-­‐linked  

vided into groups Fatty  Acids  

pound Energy,  Storage,  Insulation  

Categories  which  are  not  focused  
in  this  class,  listed  by  function:   Triaclglycerols  
• Protection:  waxes  
• Surfactants:  Dipalmitoyl-­‐
phosphatidyl  Choline  
• Cell  signaling:  eicosanoids   Membrane  Components  
• Antioxidants:  Vitamin  E  
• Hormones:  Estrogen  
  Phospholipids   Glycolipids  
• Enzyme  cofactors:  
Vitamin  K   Glycerol  based   Glycerophospholipids   Galactolipids  
• Electron  Carriers:   lipids-­‐plants   Sulfolipids  
Coenzyme  Q   Sphingosine   Sphingomyelins   Sphingoglycolipids  
• Light  absorbing  pigments:   based  Lipids-­‐   -­‐ Cerebrosides  
Animals   -­‐ Globosides  
-­‐ Gangliosides  
 
Glycerophospholipids    
Glycerol  based  glycolipids  

 
 

 
   
galactolipids

Glycerol  based  glycolipids  

 
 

Sphingomyelins:  Phosphocholine,   sulfolipid

Phosphoethanolamine  
 

P
 

   

Sphingoglycolipids  
 

 
 

 
Stigmasterol  –  found  in  plants
Cerebrosides  –  neutral  monosaccharide
Globosides  –  neutral  oligosaccharide
Gangliosides  –  charged  oligosaccharide