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If lim{an } $ 0 , then
n"#
$a n is divergent.
n "1
Integral Test
#
!
If f is positive,
! continuous, and decreasing for x ≥ 1, and an = f(n), then $a n and
n "1
"
# 1
f (x)dx either both converge or diverge.
Suppose that
! "a n and "b n are series with!
positive terms, and let c be a positive real
an
b. lim
n"# bn
= 0 and "b n converges, then "a n converges.
!
an
c.
bn
= # and
lim
n"#
"b n diverges, then "a n diverges.
! ! !
Alternating Series Test
#
! If the alternating
! series $ ("1) n "1
bn!= b1 " b2 + b3 + ... " bn + ..., bn > 0 satisfies:
n =1
a. bn+1 ≤ bn , and
#
!
b. lim bn!= 0 , then
n"#
$ ("1) n "1
bn converges.
n =1
!
!
Test for Series
an +1
II. "a n diverges if lim
n"# a
> 1.
n
! !
an +1
III. Ratio test is inconclusive if lim =1
n"# a
n
! !
Root Test