Você está na página 1de 44




  



"!$#%#'&()+*-,.0/1&!2435&76358%)"&92:6&(;&(<924=,?>

@ ACBED5ACF9GH4I

bmACcnRaml'gQCACFSB
J%GLKMGONPIBQIBSROG B9TVU5IXWY9G ZI\[ GLK]IACB
u.ACdSYQKnmc ^ _`ImB9_`mtJmd9GLc]KnmB4K
^ IZ\I_`AaBPb1cMGLdQFSI_W-e9f B9_Cg
^ KGLB"AacMTP1BSIHmcWI\K
^
^
KGLB"AacMT(euxwzyL{}| iC
hCi4jCjlk g FSAacnmZ\IBSmpoqZHQT
NPACYSB4KMG IBrU5I\mstevuxwzyL{ i {}|~ j |Cay
Qa"Q4"x 9 4v Q.
9C4"4Qv (n4
4"44C9 9C9SM SC9C4xna94 Sa4".S"a4S
wYQRCY9WK j {Se j yayC
C  -M
x
% n-$- 
 t-- q. - n + n
 1S 5-- :Q 
 
$ -- 4 ]` (- tS` 
5.M
v ] - aS` $  1  .n
` n.
 S n -$  $
  
- - q] + 
-`]$ a n-`

 O Mp`O
 - qn ' - t-n -n
l1 n-1
n t S t $Q n-.`  
 l 
nv`S-  $ M5 
 
 9 ]`x` $  p 
-xn -n at.`t?]$
Q M  QS-  `-n]
%1l `] $ -n   S-  a1
n$
S` (`-n]
1 
 %S Sn-` 9 
 5x9   - n `-n]
1
 n-$-  
 ax `
-$ -n  - n

-n
 "-- $ n
`  ] 5S
n   C 
 t] $(LQ`
  %  9( n \Sn




 "!$#% &('#*),+ -.!$+/!0##1+2#3#341+!$41+ )5 +67!$8*9;:9-* <+2&=6>&18?+ -3/!0+ +21+ 3&(A@%2&('#3)B72&(#3134
!$41+)52+<C8*C
:9-38"-D!$2%E8*+ F&$6<!
% &('#*)G!0 52#3(!$1+IH;!$JK1%. +LB72MN2+ )OC234(F)52+<C8*C
:9-38"6>I!0+ 2+2&P 53Q2#3IH;!$CQ2&
6R&( +2-A@F<1MS#3I!0 34S!$41+=)5 +T#U!$  6>2&()V*KN%.2*8(H!0CQC28 3)W.!$+ 34
'.+X:/*S+ - #3(!01+<!$CW2 #3(!01+9%E!$2+ <&063+ 9*KN%.2*8F<!Y'3Z13+ &% &'#3)Q@
[  %E212C\)P!08"-3
#3I!0 34.H<!$]3C8*+ 3&(^!0#34(&(23+ -)_3W+XMN%8U!$#3#3M`% 21+ Ca:93+ -!`2+b&$6+ "!$334
3 +"!$8*9:9-2cU!$8"-b +d!08TC28 3'.CS'1M
!=8+ &9&$66>I!$+2 Fef&g!0+ + 23'+ Uh(!$#3UHN!0CP!Y8#f!$2/#f!$'.#X@;i&
K!$)W%#3(H.3Q)WC38I!$#;Cf!04(& 3<%2&('#3)W=+ -F6>U!$+  )W34(-1+938#3C5+2-
!$4(Hj:34(-1+IHA!0CJ'#3&N&1CJ% *   b&$6
!W%E!$+231+IH;!$C`+2-58#f!$2k#f!$'.#)W34(-1+93C38I!$+25:9-+2-F&(&+k!W%-1M1 38f!$JC+2 )WC`+ -E!0++ -5%E!$+2*N+Y:g!0
 mln234b6>2&()o-I!0 +C2I!$2(@5p9-5+"!$2qS&$69+ -53C8+ 3&Q!$#34(& 3+ -)QH&=+ -Srfst(u1v"wIxH3=+ &b3C8
! vy3z${"{r |wUx
+ -.!$+:9#3#.'E=2"6>#j3W8#f!$ 2}6>M14=6>+2 =8I!0 U@p9-=8#f!$2 }~E939!)b!$%%4<6R &()+2-= %E!08&$6j6RI!$+2 =(!$#3*/+2&
+ -c2+<&068#f!$ 9(!0#3I@
[ b+ -6>I!$+2 =2' *+< *#*8+ 3&(b%2&('#3)JHN!Y#3I!$234k!0#4&(2+2-)367!08Cb:93+ -5+2-=% &'#3)&$6; #38*+ 345 &)

 ' +b&06c6RI!$+2 W%.&(:9-38"-]+ &J6>&18
3+ 
!0+ + *N+23&(AH9:9-#3W4&(234Q+2-S2 +U@ [ + -S:9d!0%%E*P!$%% &1!$8"%2&(%.&( *C'1M&(-H/=&-E!U1cE4`e U($1hH?+ -b6RI!$+2 J ' +b *#*8+ 3&(!$#34(& 3+ -)K12+ b!$P!J:9"!$%%.
!$2&(C
+ -c3C8+ 3&P!$#34&( 3+2-)Q@.p9-T6>I!0+ 2= '2+9 *#*8+ 3&(S!0#4&(2+2-)8&(C8+2<!2I!$28d-6>&(9!4&1&NCW ' +
245+ -3C8+ 3&!0#34(&(23+ -)3+ 2#}6?!0<%E!0 +9&06+2-T6>8*+ 3&(b(!0#.!$+ 34Y6>I!0+ 2 ' +2I@9p9-3CI!F'.-3Cb+ -
:9d!0%%.c!0%% &1!$8"-AH -&$:9b3SiA34 5(H39 3)
%#3(+ -3C8+23&(S!$#34(& 3+ -)398& 3C* C`!$<!F'#f!08dqW'E&$Kj@?p9-
3C8*+ 3&(S!$#34&( 3+2-)392S&( + -C.!$+d!0 +UHj2E!$#3#3M
%E!0 +2+23&(Cb31+ &531+ 2E!$#;+2d!$334
!0Cb-&(#3C&+9 *+ IH:9+2C}lj 1+52+ 5&0696>I!$+2 *5 )W&$(CJ6>2&()+ -
CE!0+d!@Jp9-6>I!0+ 2P2'2+5:93+ -`+ -P-4-2+k2+ 3)P!0+ C`(!0#353
8"-&(2S!$+ -T~E.!$#. +9&
:9-38"-5+ &F b+2-<3C8+ 3&(b!$#34(& 3+ -)Q@.p9-<2 #+234k8*#!0 2~.93/+2-
*(!$#3E!$+2C
&
!$b3C*%EC1+<+2 +T +T+ -E!0+9:g!0csA CbC2345+ -=2I!$28d-@
138S+2-S+XM1%38I!0#94(&N!0#9&$6 %E212C#U!$ 4!0#4&(2+2-)
Y5+2&`)P!0KN3)5358#f!0  }~E8U!$+ 3&!088"!$8M]&!0
2J+ 2+ *+IH.:/F-E!Uk!$C&%+ *CS+ -3=!$<&<4&N!0#A3S4(C45+ -=6RI!$+2 F ' +2#38+2&A@ [  +2I!$CJ&$6+ 2M14
+ & )P!$K13)
}5!$88d!$8*MNH;:
)W4-1+c32+ I!0CD-E!U5+ 2*CD+ &J3C1+ }6>M :9-38d-6>I!0+ 2
: b *#*(!$1+IH!0C` b&#3M
+ -&( Y6>I!0+ 2<C 34W#U!$ 4E@9Tk)W34(-1++ -qP+2-E!$+T+ -* F+X:/&54&N!$#39: FZ13(!$#31+UH'+T:/Y -&$: d!0#
K!$)W%#3&$6% &('#*)
:9- Y+ -MbC}ljI@
p9-3A%E!0%E*A3A& 4N!03C!$6>&(#3#3&$:9I@ [ km8+ 3&kH*:/213:`+ -?6>I!0+ 2 ' +;2#38+ 3&k%2&('#3)JH"3N +234N!$+2
+ -S&(+23&(D&06c2#3(!$8*(H9C"~.S+ -S+d!0 qD&06<~EC34Q&%+ 3)b!$#?6>I!$+2 *IH<!0C]C 8* 3'E + -b~.#+2
!$C:9"!$%%.
!$%% &1!$8"-U@ [ Q1*8+ 3&(SH:c31(* + 341!$+ =+2-= I!0 8"-Q*4(3=2CS+ &52I!$28"-b6>&(6RI!$+2 2'2+ !$CP2-&$:+ -E!0+
4(2CMb2I!$28d-]ef-#3#}BX8#3)F'341hA39316>* 3&(9+2&5'E2+XBR~E 2+ U!$ 8"-A@ [ S18*+ 3&(S.H:)
&1C}6>MF+ -c& 41!$3I!0+ 3&(b&$6;+ -
 U!$ 8"-W %E!089+ &=3)
%2&$(+2-9 34=+ 3)
@A18+23&(
T8&(1+"!$3!T4(#3&('E!0#18&()W%E!$22&(&06E+ -9'E2+/)W+ -&NCA6R&(C@
[ S18+23&(SH1:<C328 T&(=%.&(+21+ f!$#j%2&('#3)b+2-!$%%2&N!08d-H1&$(L~E+ +24EH!$C
 4(4(* +c!Y+ -&(2+ 38I!0#A)
&1C*#
+ -.!$+=4(d!0#3*k+2-k% &('#*)V3m8+ 3&D@59#f!0+ CJ:/& qS3=4(3Q3`18+23&(`H.6>+ 25:/& qS3=C3 8  *CD3
18*+ 3&(SH!0Cb:/=8&8#3CY:9+2-P!F2)
)b!$ MYS1*8+ 3&(`U@

W<=? 5W
P;5<*< *5

T$ 3$""3<31$f3$<1U9N$j2 F"$ f2=$(AX"f*fjF$ $$X9j$R


U d }"f T91 *>N 29 $;Ef3$UE1NR12/1Tf3</1U9 $T<fY<$
$5f$1*jER$"d
jj.A$2$f3j$}d0 "$=3F539X$U$
[ + -W 8*+ 3&(AHT:S#3&N&q!0+
+ -Q%2&('#3)O&$6Y~EC34D!4(&1&1CD6RI!$+2 J ' +S!$C3+ 
2#f!$+2&+ &`+2-J +
&$69 *#*(!$1+=6>I!0+ 2I@ `k2-&$:% &'#3)
=:93+ -`*KN32+ 34SC~E3+ 3&(&$69 #3(!08(H!0C` -&$:-&$:,%E!0 + 3+2&34
 *#*(!$1+6>I!0+ 2<31+ &F+X:/&F6X!$)
3#33IH0:/I!0qP!0Cb + 2&(4.H-*#%99C*  +"!$CJ+ -c32 '.+2+ U@/`=K!0)
39+X:&
4(*d!0#!$%%2&N!08d-<+2&56>I!0+ 2 ' +Y #38+23&(A+ -=~E#3+ =!$%% &N!08"-Q!$Cb+2-k:9"!$%%.=!$%%2&N!08d-Hn!0Cb:/Y+ -
31(2+ 34N!0+ =I!$8"-b3
C*+d!$3#X@
/2

J<ST 

;"!$8+28U!$#<)b!$8"-3W#U!$ 4!0#4&(2+2-)
UH;38#3C34J+ &%1B7C&$:93C8+ 3&D&$6C*83 3&(]+ 2Q!0#4&(2+2-)
Y 8"-^!0
[ DeRT3#f!$^U((hHE@e>T3#f!$I((h*H/!$C=;pVe/23)P!$H/i 3C)b!$AH;T#2-^1+ &`I$Nh*H/!0C
3 +"!$8*"B7'.!$ *C!0#34(&(23+ -)WIHU 8"-b!$ [ g`e !$d!0d!0+ -1MSI(H0<-E!H(=3'#3/T#'.2+cU(UhH1!$2<q1&$:95+ &YC4("!$C

training set

Feature selection search

training set

performance
estimation

Feature set

Feature set

Induction
Algorithm

Feature evaluation
Feature set

hypothesis

Induction Algorithm
Final Evaluation

Test set

Estimated
Accuracy

i34(2P<p9-5:9"!$%%.k!0%%2&N!$8"-J+ &W6>I!0+ 25 ' +2#38+2&A@5p9-F3C8*+ 3&(`!$#34(& 3+ -)o=2CD!$! '#!08"q


'.&$KF'1M
+2-= '2+= #38*+ 3&(S!$#34&( 3+2-)Q@
3S%.X6>& )b!$8Wef%2C38+ 3&!088"!$8Mh=:9-*S67!08CS:93+2-S)P!0NM6>I!0+ 2+ -.!$+c!0 F&(+T8* d!0 MJ6>&<%2C38+24
+ -kC* 3 CJ&(+ %+U@=<#34(& 3+ -)
9 8d-`!$c!0"BXg!UMkeRA!$4(#3M1H [ '.!
p9-&)
%2&(JI(H CE!
=!$2+kI(H
=&1&1CU((h<!0 52&('2+:93+ -J 2%E*8+k+2&b2 #3(!01+=6>I!0+ 2
e r
fw Hj+ -*=%.X6R&( )b!$8*5C4("!$C*(2MQ2#3&$:9#MS!0
)
& =3 2#3(!$1+96RI!$+2 F!$ F!$CC*CEhT'+<+2-3=%E*X6>& )P!08)b!UM
C*4(d!0C=67!0 +=}68&(2 #f!$+2C]efQ}6/2#3(!$1+"h
6>I!0+ 2c!0 !$CCCA@
i&
K!0)
%#3(H 34.@J C"67!0#3+
)
&1Cb&+ -
 b&qjb% &'#3) efp9-2wI5z0y =IIh*H9:9-38"--E!0
+ - F3  *#*(!$1+96>U!$+  UHE4"!$+2!5+ 2F:9+2-`IF31+ 2&<&1C*IH~E(Y&$6:9-38"-S+ 2+<3 2#3(!$1+6>I!$+2 *I@Tp9-
4(*d!0+ C +  *S-E!$5!$ 2&(Wd!$+2b&$6 0E@ bH:9-38"-D35 *C8C + &]((@3 V}6=&(#3MJ+ -S+2- *P2#3(!$1+F6>U!$+  
!$254(3(*A@b<-E!e I(h<&(+ *C`+ -E!0
+ [ g  =2+ &("!$4
 *ZN2)
*N+Y8 I!0 5*KN%.&(1+ f!$#3#3MS:93+ -`+2-51)5'E*&$6
3 2#3(!$1+!$+2+  3'+  
e [ 9T!TI!0 2+XBX34(-1'.&(9!$#34(& 3+ -)^+2-E!$+!$+2+ )W%+ ;+2&c"!U(9&#3Mc3)W%E& +d!01+j% &+ &(+XM1%.dh*@
X6R&( )b!$8*c#33q(*:92<C*4(d!0CTd!$%C#M5:93+2-P32 #3(!0N+?6>I!0+ 2I@
p9-% &'#3)\&$66RI!$+2  ' +2#38+2&k3;+ -.!$+A&06~EC4c!92'2+&$6.+ -&(243E!$#U6>U!$+  &06n!9C.!$+d!0 +UH$ 8d+ -.!$+9!$53C8*+ 3&(
!0#4&(2+2-),+2-E!$+3 
&(5C.!$+d! 8&(1+d!0334&(#MF+ - T6>I!0+ 24(*d!$+2c! 8#f!$ 2}~E:9+2-5+ -
-34(- +%E& 2'#=!$88*d!08MN
@ T&(+2c+2-E!$+6>I!$+2 =2' *+9 #38+23&(b8"-&1&( *<!= +9&06j6>I!0+ 26> &)K12+ 34=6RI!$+2 UH
!$C`C&1k&(+8& +2 8*+5:&  ?+ -* 
3&b6>I!0+ 2
K1+ "!$8+23&(D&8& +2 8+23&(^e=+2+ #3bI(H9C#3#g
12-1DI((h*@
i2&()o!F%2#3MP8*#!0 2~.8I!$+2&1BX+ -& +238I!$# +d!0C%.&(31+IH+ -Z1* + 3&S&$6;:9-38d-6>I!$+2 *<+ &W Y9&(+9&$6)58"31+ 2 +U@o9!UM(52#3(H&(5!Jg!UM58#f!$2 }~EUH/3
!  #3b+ -.!$+5%2C38+ W+ -b)W&( +F%2&('E!0'#3
8#f!$256>& ! 4(3
3 +"!$8*(HA'.!$ *CD&(J+ -F6>#3#;C3 + 23'+ 3&
 Oe>!0 2)
C`+2&b'E5q1&$:9Eh*@5p9-
!088"!$8MJ&$69+ -59!UM(* #353=+ -
-34(- +9%.&(2 3'#3c!088"!$8M1H!$CW3+/3)
&(2+ #3MF&$6A+ -&(2+ 38I!0#A31+ 2 +U@p9-=&(%+ 3)P!0#N9!UM(*9 #3<3)
&&(+2&(38(H
r f w H
!$CC346RI!$+2 98U!$&+9C82I!$2k!$8*8d!08M1HE!$C
-8 * + 238+ 34
!F9!UM( #=+2& !F2' *+9&$6A6RI!$+2 T3/*(
!$CN32CA@
[ D#3I!0 34S28E!0 3&(UH-&$:IH?:/b!$ 67!$8*
:93+ -`+X:&S%2&('#3)WIF+ -W#3I!$234Q!$#34&( 3+2-)
!$2
&+4(3
!$8*8 9+2&+ -<C #3M134=C3 + 23'+ 3&AHN!0C5)
& +;%"!$8+28U!$#j!$#34(& 3+ -)WA!$+2+ )W%++ & ~EC
!=-1M1%E&+ -* 3/'1M5!$%% &$KB
3)P!0+ 3
4 cB7-E!0 CJ&(%+23)
3I!$+23&(b% &'#3)
U@p9-F~.  +Y% &'#3)V3=8#3&(2#3MS #f!0+ C`+2&P+2-5'f!$LB7(!0 f!$8+ "!$C*&$l
e  )P!0AHA3 + &18"q & "!$+bI(Hj=&-E!U1cU(( dh*F&(W)5 ++2d!0C&$l2+ 3)P!0+ 3&(J&$6<)W&(25%E!$"!$)
*+ 2
ef'!0 *C8+2&EhY:9+2-D!$88*d!0+ #3M`2+ 3)P!0+ 34
+2-2
%E!0d!$)W+ * bef(!$2f!$852C8*+ 3&(Eh*@bp9-3%2&('#3)33C"B
%.C1+=&$6;+ -Y8&()W%+d!0+ 3&(.!$#.%E&$:c!U(!03#!0'#39+ &W+ -#3I!0 *I@p9-28&(CS% &'#3)QH1+2-E!$+9&06;~EC34

! 2'E2+ 
-1M1%E&+ -23IH3 E!0##3MJ3N+2d!08+d!0'#3
!$C`+2-Nk%.&(2
!$D!0CCC8&()W%+d!0+ 3&(.!$#;'2CA@`i&(K!0)
%#3(HC832&
+ 2=3C8+23&(
!$#34&( 3+2-)
 E!0#3#M5!$+2+ )W%++2&=~ECb!= )b!$#3#+ 2=+ -E!0+;~E+2/+2-=CE!$+"!=:/*##XH$M+?~EC34+2-=&(%+23)P!$#
'3E!0 M
C83 3&(b+2 3
 =B7-.!$ C`
e <MN! ~E#a93(* +I(H =!$8&18"q`I((h*@i&(9d!0#}B7*+X:/& q1IH+ -=%2&('#3) 3
b-E!$2C  1+2-=% &'#3)&06A#&1!$C34F!=+ -2"BX&1C*d!0#j+X:&( q5:93+2-P!Y+ d!0334 *+9 cB7-E!0 CW6A+2-=&1C
8&)
%+2<#33I!09+ -2 -&#3C
6R8+2&efCCDU(H/#3)o, +=I(h@
/*8I!$2=&$6E+2-<!$'.&$(9%2&('#3)WIHU:9C"~E<!0k&%+ 3)b!$#$6RI!$+2 92' *+/:93+ -F * %.8+9+ &!T%E!0 + 38#!0;C8+2&
!$#34&( 3+2-)QH+d!0qN34531+ &
!088&1+<3+ T-22+ 38UHj'f!$2IHj!$CP+2d!0C&$ljI@Tp9-% &('#*)&066>I!0+ 2 ' += *#*8+ 3&(
39+ -*P2C8*CQ+2&5+ -=%2&('#3) &$6~EC345!$b&%+ 3)P!0# ' +U@




 rUwIs`zs`rfst(u1v"wUx<z(stSzSt(z>z0{wIrf*wdz>u1x2w{!"$#%'&'& &("*)+,x2%-ozStr3{>xr
Iu1Rrf(s O%UwIx5wFy3z"wy3w"t
9
rfs1{Rz(sv"w={
. z(v"w/
 zs 102 '
354 6+7"84 '9:!<;=9>?;=8 @5 A B0 @ r{<zF{u *{wI(= C w? w"z(Ru1x w*{9{u1vDb
 C z(wYz(v"vIu1x2z(v'Ek(cw
rfstu1vdw"tbv*yz${"{r |wUxGFIHJ<
 eK hr3{Lk- z'(M rNk- z0y
<S&%+ 3)b!$#6>I!$+2 Y '2+=CJ&+9'EF3Z1='E*8I!$253+9)P!UM5'.%E& 2'#Y+ &
!$8"-3+ -d!0)
!$88*d!08M
245C}ln21+= +2<&$6;6>U!$+  5e w PO fH:9-S+X:&F6>I!$+2 *c!$2%.X6>*8+ #3MS8& 2#f!$+ *CAH.&(8U!$S'. *%#f!$8C 'NMW+ -
&(+2-"h@
/M=C~E3+ 3&(HI+2&94(++ -?-34(-2+A%.&(2 3'#3/!$8*8d!08M1HI+2-'E2+A2' *++2-E!$+;!?6>I!0+ 2 ' +; *#*8+ 3&(5!$#34&( 3+2-)
8I!0S #38*+<3<!$b&(%+ 3)P!0#6>U!$+  2' *+I@9p9-=)b!$3
%2&('#3) :93+ -W 34W+ -39C"~.3+ 3&(b3b#U!$ 4 !0#4&(2+2-)

3<+2-E!$+T+ -k!0#34(&(23+ -)C&N*c&(+9-E!Uk!$88* +2&5+ -FC #3M1345C3 +2 3'+2&S!$CS)5 +92+ 3)P!0+ =+ -Y8#f!$ 2}~E  
!$8*8d!08MW6> &)+ -CE!$+"!@
/L

Q]A2+R?STUj]WVYX9,SWZ [<W\

TF)W%E& +"!$1+/Z1* + 3&S39+ -F #f!0+ 3&(b'.+X:/*Q&%+ 3)b!$#.6>I!0+ 2!$Cb2#3(!$8*(@ [  + -3<28+2&AH.:/Y% 21+
C"~.3+ 3&(=&06g2#3(!$8*
+ -.!$+=-E!U(F'.D24(4 +2CD3J+ -5#33+ *d!$+2 @5`k+2-`2-&$:!b234(#3FK!$)
%#Y:9- 
+ -cC"~E3+ 3&4(3<*KN%.8+2CQ!0 : UHE!0C5:/=24(4 ++ -E!0+/+X:&FC4(2T&$6A *#*(!$8!0 <CC:I!$q
!0C
 +2 &4E@

]^+_;/ 
`a%?
 1?;
<#3)5E!0#3#3)^ 3+ +2 38"-Qe2I((H$%@0N(hC~E<2#3(!$8<C+ -<!0  )
%+2&;+ -E!0+/!$#3#16RI!$+2 9!$C5+ -T#!0'E*#
!$2=/&1&(#3I!0S!$Cb+ -.!$+9+ - 39&F&2(@



cb
dw"z(Ru1x w*e=r3{<{z(rt5> dw :!f6
8g84 ,
z(st 
:!:!86m8g84 W ( wUx=
 r{w

R5z
v"(sv"wh.nWFr i*e<zj.%.wdzx"{rfsbw UwUx=Elk<U$y3w"z(slx=-Fu(y3z5Cz(x2w_.jx w*{wIs{iF

=E!$27H1A!04(#3MF^i3 -*ce2I(H(m8+ 3&P@h!0#3#&$:&(32<!$C5)5#3+2BX(!$#}C=6RI!$+2 9!$C5C"~ET #3(!08=!$ 




cn
 e r3{ :!86
fg84 W r \
o CwIx2wwDM(r3{{={-kwLp e z(st$q*xrWrfvDlse e Htp e hvub{u1vw Cz(
sexyHzqa{| e H}p e hH5~ sAeNxyHtqh5&
C9+ -?C"~E3+2&AH e 3/2#3(!$1+}6Aq1&$:934=3+ (!$#398I!0
8"-E!04(T+ -T +2)b!$+2;6>&/+2-<8#f!0 #!0'E*#Bx
H1&3
&(+2-=:&( CIH}6i
x T8&(C3+ 3&(E!0#3#MFC%.C1+&(Y e @<&+ +2-E!$+T+ -3<C"~E3+ 3&b67!$3#39+ &58U!$%+2 F+ -F *#*(!$8

&$696RI!$+2 F3Q+2-
%.!$ 3+XMJ8&(8%+F:9-2!0#3##f!$'.#3CD32+d!$85!$ WZ13% &'E!$'#H!0C`3+)P!UMb+ - "6R&( W'E
8"-E!$4(CS!$6R&(#3#3&$:9I@
j+? e H=  '&'& &D( e
, " eW '& &'&D"*l1HU+ - +;&06!0#3#$6>I!0+ 2K18*%+ e @ &(+ '1Ml e !9(!0#"BL!0 24)
*N+
+ &
!0#3#6>U!$+  TY
 e@



5
*ecr3{ :!86
fg84 W r \
o CwIx2wwDM(r3{{={-kwLp|e_2q8z(st$/e2xL,rfvDlse*e2Hzp eRhGuW{u1vDQz
As eNxyH}q D e H} e {| e H}p e hH5
~ As eNxyHtq|w e Ht e h&
C=+ -Y6>&##3&$:934FC"~E+23&(AH1 e T #3(!01+<}6/+ -k%2&('E!0'3#3+XMW&$6+ -k#f!$'.#9ef43(Q!0#3#j6>I!0+ 2dh
:9-b:#33)
3E!0+ qN&$:9#*C4(!$'.&(+9+ -=(!$#3=&062 e @


c
*ce r3{ :!86
fg84 W r \
o C wIx2wwD(M r3{{={k- wLp|e_2q8 z(st$/e2 xL, rfvDls e*e2Hzp e(w1eH}=e hv
u b{u1vw
 C z(
s exyHzq{ e Htp e D e Ht e hHc

~ s exyHzqa{1 e H e h&

8I!$J8"-E!$4

"~.3+
"~.3+
"~.3+
"~.3+
"~.3+

3&(
3&(b
3&(b
3&(W
3&(b

9*#*(!$1+



<&

[  2#3(!$1+

 #( (f(
<#3#
<&

<#3#

 

 # ( (  ( 

p!0'#3k(iI!0+ 2 #3(!08=6R&(+ -k& 2#f!$+ *C<=%2&('#3)CT+ - 6>&(C"~.3+ 3&(U@


p9-=6>&#3#&$:934=K!0)
%#39 -&$:9<+ -.!$+<!$#3#.+ -YC"~E3+2&<!$'.&$(T4(3(=K1%E8*+ CJ 2#3+ U@

]^+4|35026

L 1:!:!f6
4 '   j*+6>I!$+2 *  '& &'&D"  'EY/&1&(#3I!0A@p9-3 +"!$8*c2%E!$8*39 8"-b+ -E!0+ #
!$Ca !$254N!0+ 3(*#M 8&(2 #f!$+2C`:93+ -  !0C  Hj2 %.8+23(#3M1H/r w fH   H  # HW  H  @p9- 
!0 5&#3M

34(-1+9%.&(2 3'#3= +d!08UHE!0Cb:/!$2 )W=+ -Mb!$2c*ZN% &('.!$'#3(@;p9-5eC+ * )


332+ 38Ih+d!0 4+<8&8%+<3

xyH}   #

e  C&+ <cTh&

<&+ =+ -E!0+/+2-<+"!$24(+98&8%+9-E!$9!$WZ13(!$#31+&N&#3I!$WK1% 2 3&(HE!0)


#3M1H xyH    @Ap9-T6>U!$+  

!$C  !$2k3 2#3(!$1+3J+ -F +2 &4(2+k%.&(2 3'#35 * (@  =3C32%Ed!$'#H!0CQ*+2-'+&+c'.&(+2-`&$6
 # "  k8U!$S'.C3 %.&(2CJ&$6d@p!$'#352-&$:996R&(9I!08d-JC"~.3+ 3&(AH:9-38"-
6RI!$+2 !0 F #3(!0N+UHE!0CS:9-38"-Q!$2
&+I@
<88*&( C45+ & ~E3+ 3&(
H8 !0C<  !$ =8#3I!0 #3M53 2#3(!$1+ '.&(+ -  # !$C  !$2=2 #3(!01+/'.8I!0 =I!08d8I!0`'E52%#f!$8*CD'1MQ+2-541!$+2&Q&06<+ -5&+ -*I@W/M "~E3+ 3&H!0##6>I!$+2 * !0 53 2#3(!$1+='E*8I!$2W6>&(!$1M
&(+ %+?(!$#3
q !$CY6>I!0+ 2<(!0#iAp H+ - =!$ 9+X:&=3 +"!$8*+ -E!0+/!$4 9:93+2-k+2-9(!$#3U@AM ~E3+ 3&(FEH0(2M
6>I!0+ 2k392#3(!$1+<'.8I!0 5q1&$:93453+2<(!$#3=8"-E!04(T+ -F%2&('E!0'3#3+XM5&066>&(9&$6/+2-34(-1+T%E&  3'#332+d!08
6>2&() (b+2&S2&E@ /M "~E3+ 3&H !$C5  !0 
8*#U!$ #3MJ3  *#*(!$1+IH;!$C`'.&(+2-5 # !$C5  !$252 #3(!01+
'.8I!$ F+ -MWC&5&+g!0CCS!$1M
316>& )b!$+ 3&k+2&  k!0CY+(# H12 %.8+23(#3M1@

<#3+ -&(4-D 8d-]2)W%#3k4N!0+ 3(W8&(2 #f!$+23&(5!$2P#3q#3MQ+2&Q&188*IHC&)P!$3S8*&(2+ d!03N+258 U!$+ J!b 3)


3#f!$
"lj8+U@-*! &()W.!$#16>U!$+  = 8"-b!$8&(#3&(3/*8&1CCQ!0/3%+/+2&k!Y"!$#j+X:&(2qjH1+3/8* +2&()P!0 MF+ &F 
!by3Iv"z0ywUsv"Ut(rf%s OH:9- 5U!$8"-Q(!0#33= %2 *N+2CD'1MQ!0S3C38I!0+ &(T6>U!$+  (@Fi&<K!$)W%#3(H.+ -F#3&18I!$#;8*&NC4
&$69!F6>&XBX(!$#3Cb&)
3E!0#1 ! |<:&(#3CS'.<$(%"(I|d1U( *I($N@ C* 8"-`!$S*8&1C34EHj!0NMb24(#3
3C38I!0+ &(T6>U!$+  F=2CC.!$1+k!$CQ8I!0Q'.5C+2 )W3CJ'NM + -F 2+I@5p9-1=)W&( +TC"~E+23&(=&$6 #3(!085:93#3#
C8*#!0 k!0#3#E3C38I!0+ &6>I!$+2 *<+ &5'.=3  *#*(!$1+I@

!+ :! 1`Y4 " $#84 %&$86m8g84 "'!


`=&$:8#f!$3)+ -.!$+9+X:&5C4(2=&$6; #3(!08k!0 2Z13 C:I!$qS!$CP2+ 2&(4.@/9*#*(!$8=2-&(#3Cb'.C"~ECS3
+ * )
=&06g!59!UM(Y8#f!$ 2}~E)(+2-5&(%+23)P!$#j8*#!0 2~.T6>&(!543(J% &'#3)Q@Ta6>I!0+ 2$_3 ;/ ':! B`16+*J:!f6
8g84 ,
}6/ *)
&$(!$#&$
6  !$#3&k:93#3#; 2#3+=J%.X6>& )b!$8FC+2 3&d!$+23&(J&$6<!$J&(%+2)b!$#j9!UM(Y8#f!$ 2}~EI@Fa6>I!0+ 2$
3 , f4.%+6+* :!f6
8g84 , }6c3+3F&(+52+ 2&(4#M`2#3(!$1+5!$C+ -* bK13 + 
!  ' +W&$6T6>I!$+2 *IHiH 8d-]+2-E!$+F+ -
%.X6>& )b!$8=&06!Yg!UM<8#f!0  }~E*9&(Y
 `39:&( 2=+ -E!0P+2-=%E*X6>& )P!08=&( 0/'a1@;6>I!0+ 2c3 
:!:!86m8g84 , }6
3+93/&+9 +2 &(4(#3M
&9:/I!0q1#M52#3(!$1+U@
"~E3+ 3&QF %.I!0+ C`'.#3&$:\C"~E= + 2&(4b2#3(!$8*(@cm+  &4
2#3(!$8k3)W%#3*/+2-E!$+T+ -Y6>I!0+ 2k3<3CLB
%.d!0'#3=5+2-<22+ -E!0+/3+8U!$&+/'.= )W&$(CF:93+ -&+#& &$6A%2C38+2&P!088"!$8M1@;`I!$qF *#*(!$8=3)
%#3
+ -.!$+9+ -<6RI!$+2 8U!$b &)
+2)W8&1+  3'+ +2&5% C8*+ 3&(S!$8*8d!08M1@



c12!+ :! 1`I:!86
8gf4|3' 
dw"z(Ru1x wG e r3{ ;/ :! 1`B64* :!f6
8g84 , r o^wUx w=wDM(r{{<{-kwp e ,q8zstl e (xL,rfvwsAeN e Htp e D e Ht e hvu{u1vw
 z(
As eNx Hzq5{8 e Hzp e D e H e hHJ
~ sAexyHzq5{ e Ht e h &
57698;:=<;:?>A@;BDC+BDE
@F
BDG
:7@BDH0IJKE
L4MNI
ODBDPQI2C+BDE @RESJTC48;:QBDLUH+C4I
C4:QMN:Q@C7V3W4X;:7I
C+Y;L4:QH9I2L+:ZL+:7OD:QG I
@C9B JTC48;:QBDL0G I
ODY;:7H[G I
L4\RH4\]H4C+:7MNI
C4BD^QI
O OD\=_9BDC48
^QI2C+:7F
E
L4\=MN:7M=`a:QL4H+8;BDbdc efg@hF
:Q@;:7L+I2Oji]C48;:"<;:)>A@;BDC4BDE
@;HF
BDG
:Q@h8;:7L+:0I
L4:"E
@;OD\I
b;b;ODBD^QI
`;OD:UC+EN<;BDH4^QL4:QC4:UJK:7I
C+Y;L4:QH7i]`;Y;CU^QI
@h`a:":QkC+:7@;<;:Q<C+E
^QE2@]C4BD@]Y;E2Y;HdJK:7I
C+Y;L4:QH.`]\N^)8;I
@;F2BD@;F[lamKn1oqpArsC+EtlAmjn&uvpAr?c



 7#84 %c:!86
fg84 "'  
dw"z(Ru1x wG*ecr3{", f4.%+6+*5:!86
fg84 W r o^rr{cs{Rx (sO$yEx w*yw'IzsNzst
wUx w=wDM(r{{czF{u *{wU"w"z(Ru1x w*{ie (  1e
xrWrfvDSwUx wwDMr3{f{={%-Fwrp|e( qgzste rflsAeNe,Hzp|ewDe Hte hGuW{u1vDQz
s exyHzq5{8 e Hzp e D e H e hHJ

~ sAexyHzq5{ e Ht e h &
6>I!0+ 23 :!86
8gf4|, } 6;+9393+2-9:I!$q1#3M
2#3(!$1+9&( +2 &4(#3M
2#3(!$1+&(+2-2:92(H3+3 m:!:!86
fg84 W @
[ ;K!$)W%#3kH16>I!0+ 2 l  39 +2 &4(#3Mb #3(!01+ 16RI!$+2 L # !$CY  !$ Y:/I!0q1#MW #3(!01+ j!$C  !0C
!$2=2 #3(!01+I@
/

 

Q]A2+R?STUjST
 Z2 S;_ZWV X9WSWZ[T,\

V9!UM(*
8#f!$2 }~EW)5 +5 Q!0##92+ 2&(4#M]2#3(!$1+F6>I!0+ 2`ef+2-S8& Ih*Hc!0C]%E&  3'#3M &()Wb:/I!0q1#M #3(!01+
6>I!0+ 2I@T#!0 2~. TC8C6> &)CE!0+d!H-&$:(*IHE!0 #33q(*#M5+2&5'EF 'E&%+ 3)P!0#XHN!09+ -Mb-E!U&
!0882c+2&5+ -
C #3M1345C3 +2 3'+2& 6>2+ -* )
& (H+ -*MP)b!UMk'.2345 2+ 28*+ CJ-1MN%.&(+2-2T %E!08=+ -.!$+98I!0&(+9+ 3#3* !0#3#
6>I!0+ 25ef2k*Km!0)
%#3T'E#3&$:<h*@gd!$8*+ 38I!$#3C8+23&(Q!0#4&(2+2-)
?+ -E!0+<4(*d!0+ 8*#!0 2~. =)P!UM5'.~E+T6> &)+ -
&()W3  3&k&06A6>I!0+ 2IH38#3C342+ 2&(4#M52#3(!$1+6>U!$+  U@/9*#*(!$8T&$6!=6>U!$+  =C&19&+/3)
%#MY+ -E!0+/3+3
+ -k&%+ 3)P!0#6RI!$+2 F ' +k!0CAH. &)
:9-.!$+9  %2234(#3M1H3 2#3(!$8*kC&1=&+<3)
%#M5+2-E!$+T3+< -&(#3CS&+<'.3
+ -c&%+ 3)b!$#6>I!$+2 =2' *+ e;K!$)W%#3<(h@

]^+4|35026
Yb1 86m8g84 "'! W + ;l 1 
3506+* B0 'm354|6m 2*0 j*+c+2-53 2k&06/%E& 2'#F3 +"!$8*'.<$ U' H
+ -.!$+A3UH$+ -2/&1&(#3I!0=6>I!0+ 2IHd!UML  ( # ( @+;+ -C3 +2 3'+2&=&$(;+ -/ 2/'.}6>&(2)QH!0Ck!$2 )W
+ -5+d!$24(+Y8&(8*%+3AeN  ( # ( hrH eN   # h @ Ck!$1MS2I!$2&(E!0'#3kC"~E3+ 3&Q&06g2#3(!$8*(H!0#3#
6>I!0+ 2c!0 = *#*(!$1+9+ &5+2-39+d!$24(+6R8+2&A@
[ 6+ --1M1%.&(+ - 3<2%E!$8*k39+ - %E!08F&$6)W&(&)
f!U#3IHr
fw H8&"8*+ 3&(9&06#3+2d!0#UH+2-&(#M5&%+ 3)b!$#6>I!$+2 
 ' +53$
 ' N@bp9-P!$8*8d!08MD&06<+ -W)
&&()W!$W
#  3  & bHj+2-
-4-2+ !088"!$8MD!08d-*(!$'#35:93+ -3`+2-3
-1M1%E&+ -23< %.!$8(@?<CC4 !0&(+2-6>I!0+ 2:93#3#EC*8 I!0 5+2-!$88d!$8*MN@
p9-FK!$)
%#=!$'.&$(2-&$:9=+ -E!0+<2#3(!$8*Pe(  + 2&(4b2#3(!$8*IhTC&1=&(+T)W%#3Mk+2-E!$+=!F6>U!$+  FT3!0
&(%+ 3)P!0#.6>I!$+2 F ' +U@=<&+ -*c*Km!0)
%#3=3=4(3(b3Q1*8+ 3&(`@H:9-2k-C456>I!0+ 2T6> &) [ F)W% &$
%.X6>& )b!$85:9-5:9q1&$:D+2-M5!$  +2 &4(#3MF #3(!0N+6>&!$5!$ +2}~E8f!$#+"!$24(+;8&8%+=e &(q(h*@AT&(+2-
Z12+ 3&(J3<:9-+2-k!0Q32 #3(!0N+6>I!0+ 2k8I!0Q*('.FJ!$S&%+ 3)P!0#.6>I!0+ 25 '2+I@Yp9-Y6>&(#3#3&$:934k*Km!0)
%#3
 -&$:99+ -E!0+9+ -39)P!UMF'.+ 2(@

]^+4|35026
Yn1
*0 
354 6
 * W + ;l 1 
3506+*:!86m8g84 "'! T 2)
W+ -2SK13 +2 !6>I!0+ 2P+2-E!$+5!$#3:9!UM1k+"!$q(*
+ - <(!$#39&(@ C9!$#3#+2-<C~E3+ 3&(&$6A2#3(!$8*cC 823'ECS!0'E&$(H(+2-3;6>I!0+ 2<32 #3(!01+I@ <&$:]8&( 3C
!Y#3)W+2C5A* 8%+  &S8#f!$2 }~EeR9& 1'#f!$+2+<I(H b32q1M
\!0%E* +I(h;+ -E!0+9-E!$9!$b!$2 &18f!$+2Cb:/34-N+?:9+2I!08d-J6RI!$+2 
!0C`+ -*`8#f!$ 2}~EF +d!08Y'E!$2CD%.&(J:9-+2-F+ -5#33I!0=8&()5'3E!0+ 3&(b34 I!0+ F+ -E!0Q* &
ef+2-=+ -2 -&(#3CS3~.KN*C!0+/* &1h@<eR&(1+ "!$2+9+ -39:93+ -b!24(#f!0<A* 8%+  &Q+2-E!$+8#f!$2 }~ET3 +"!$8*9C%.C34
&(J:9-+2-+2-5#33I!$T8&()5'.!$+ 3&P3=4(2I!$+2+2-E!$J &)
+2- 2-&(#3CAH&+c82d!$23#MJ2&E@h  S+2-3c*KN+2d!
6>I!0+ 2=+ -E!0+/39!$#3:g!UM1 +9+2&k&(H1+2-=#3)W+2C5A* 8%+  &S3/*ZN(!0#31+/3
2%2 1+"!$+ 3&P%.&$:9+ &F+ -=24(#f!0
 8*%+ 2&(A@ T&$:/IH )W&$(!$#&062 #3(!01+6>U!$+  T:/&#3CP2)
&$9+ -E!0+98 8f!$#j6RI!$+2 (@
[ 
18+23&(FEH$:9 -&$:]!$F3N+2 * + 34Y% &'#3),:93+ -F24 !01M=~E#3+ !$%%2&N!08d-F:93+ - c!0"BXg!UMI@T9&06E+ -
$! 2+ }~E8f!0#ACE!0+d!$2+ Fe B7&06fBB UB UBIUh92%2 1+2k!52MN)W)
+2 38<+"!$24(+6>8+23&(AH)W%#3M14c+2-E!$+=!$#3#.6>I!0+ 2= -&#3C
'.k"!$qC`Z1E!$#3#3Mb'1M!01Mb~E#3+ 234
)W+ -&1CA@ T&$:/*(UH =!$3("BX9!UM(=3)
%2&$(9}6g!W24(#3=6>I!0+ 2Se>!0NMb&5&$6
+ -)Ph?39 )W&$(CA@
`/'.#33(9+2-E!$+;8I!0  8d-
!0;+ -& 9C%8*+ C53;K!$)
%#c!0 d!0 93k%d!$8*+ 38<!$Ck+2-E!$+32 #3(!0N+6>U!$+  
 -&(#3CF4(*d!$#3#3M'.<2)
&$CA@ T&$:/IH3+;;3)
%.&(2+d!0N++ &= U!$#339+ -E!0+ *#*(!$8<!088& C34+2&=+ -2<C~E3+ 3&(
C&1&(+?)W%#3M=)
)5'. 2-3%35+ -T&(%+23)P!$#06>I!0+ 2< ' +UH!$C5+2-E!$+3 2#3(!$8*9C&1/&(+3)
%#M=+2-E!$+/!c6>I!$+2 
8I!0&(+9'.3
+2-=&(%+23)P!$#6>I!0+ 2= '2+I@

Input
features

Feature
subset selection

Induction
Algorithm

i34(2Qbp9-6>I!$+2  ~E#3+ *


!$%%2&N!08d-H93:9-8"-]+ -b6>I!0+ 2S!$ ~E#3+ 2C3C%.C1+ #3M]&$6+ - C8+2&
!$#34&( 3+2-)Q@
/

J<zX hZm
<?SU

p9-2<!$2<!<1)5'.&$6jC}ln21+/!$%% &1!$8"-+2&= '2+ #38+23&(A@ [ F+ -3; *8+ 3&(H(:9 13:K12+ 34!$%% &1!$8"-
3
)b!$8"-39#3I!$234E@;`T "6R9+ -=2I!$C*<+ &518*+ 3&(SY6>&/2#f!$+ *CP:&(2q53P1+"!$+ 32+ 38<!$C
%E!0+ + * S28&(43+ 3&(@
p9-921*:/CW)
+2-&1C;6>&6>I!$+2 T ' + #38*+ 3&(6>&(#3#3&$:`+ -|;yRwUx9zD.%.jx Uz(vDk!0C5!$+ +2)
%++ &!$2 29+ -T)
23+ 
&$66>I!0+ 296>2&()+2-CE!0+d!H14&(234k+2-=3C8+23&(S!$#34(& 3+ -)Q@
p9-?~E#3+ ;!$%%2&N!08d-H$ -&$:9YFiA34 /HU #38+2;6>I!0+ 2; 34=!9%2%2&N8* 24 +2%A@;p9-)P!0TC3d!0C(!$1+d!04(
&$6+2-=~E#3+ * !0%%2&N!$8"-b3<+2-E!$+T+9+2&(+"!$#3#3M
34(& 9+2-F"ln*8+ &06+ -2#38+2CJ6>I!0+ 2 ' +=&( + -%.L6>&(2)P!$8
&$6;+ -YC8+2&P!0#4&(2+2-)Q@`<&$: 13: &)
<*KN32+ 34
!$#34&( 3+2-)
;+ -.!$+67!0##.31+ &5+ -<~.#+2<!$%% &1!$8"-A@

 q ! 6m`1 1:!m 3


p9-ki= S!0#4&(2+2-)oefT#)5.!$#3#3)
 

3+2+ 238d-I((H1T#)5.!$#3#3) 3+ +2 38"-DU($1hH1& 34(3E!0##3MFC"~ECb6>&


 &2"BR6> 5&1&(#3I!0`C&()b!$3IH.K1-E!0 +23(#3MSK!0)
3!$#3#; ' +2k&06/6RI!$+2 UH; #38*+ 34S+2-5)
33)P!0#j ' +F&$6
6>I!0+ 2+2-E!$+TT 
8**N+=+2&
C+2 )W3k+2-F#!0'E*#(!0#3T6>&(=!$#3#; +d!08=3S+2-k+2d!04
 *+I@=p9-3<% "6>* 8*
6>&<!2)P!$#3#. +T&$66>I!$+2 *<39 "6R 2CS+ &
!09+ - [ BLi ;?p
?
'!0I@
p9-3/'!0/-.!$9 *(2c3)W%#38U!$+ 3&;:9-S!$%%#3C5'#3C#MF:93+ -&+ 41!$ C6>&(+ -c2 #+234k3C8Cb8&8%+U@
i&(<*Km!0)
%#3(H3!)
C8U!$#AC!04(& 39+d!0 qjHj!52+=&$66>U!$+  =C28 3'34S!%E!$+2*N+T)
34(-1+38#3C+2-F%E!$+2*N+  
 &18f!0#9 8 3+XM]N)5'Ebe> ch*@<ef`S!0  )
b+ -E!0+6RI!$+2 b&+ -5+2-E!$ V!$ b2 
831+
+2&QC*+ 2)
3b+ -
8&  *8+<Cf!04(& 3I@h=-SiA= W U!$ 8"-*96>&/+2-=)
33)5)\ *+9&$6A6RI!$+2 UH3+:9#3#.%38"q5+ - ,!09+ -=&#3M
6>I!0+ 2*CC`+ &53ZN#3M
C+2 )W3+ -#f!$'.# # @ =3(*P&#3M
+2-k FHj!$1M
3C8+ 3&(S!0#4&(2+2-)3<*KN%.8+2C
+ &54"!$#33=(2M
%.&1&( #3M1@

  f6

%7 $6
`B 1:!m 3



p9-9*#3"6!0#34(&(23+ -)oef=3d!F,C*##U(z(H=3d!F,9*C#3#I(IH=&(&q&PU($1h/!0 249! 2 #3(!08 


:34(-1+<+2&
I!08d- 6>I!0+ 2(Hj:9-38"-S3<)WI!$1+9+2&
C&(+ F+ -k2#3(!$8*k&06/+ -Y6>I!0+ 2k+2&
+2-k+"!$24(+T8&(8*%+I@F9#33"6
3c!F"!$C&)
3CS!0#4&(2+2-)Q@ [ +Td!0)
%#3932+d!$8=d!0C&()W#3MF6> &)+2-+ "!$33452+!$CS%ECE!0+ =+2- *#*(!$8
(!$#3*9'E!$2CS&(b+2-C}lj 8k'.+X:S+2-2#38+ *CQ32+d!$8k!$CS+ -=+X:&5I!0 2+c32+d!08T&$6+ -Yd!$)Wc!0C
&(%%E& 3+ F8#f!$2kef+2-
 I!0XBX-3+ b!$C 2I!0XBX)
3  Nh@Tp9-k#33"6g!$#34&( 3+2-) !0+ +2)
%+2<+2&5~ECJ!$#3#A:I!$q1#3Mb #3(!01+
6>I!0+ 2I
9#33"6/C&1Y&(+=-#3%J:93+ -J CCE!$1+=6RI!$+2 U@ [ 69)
&(2+<&06/+ -543( 6>I!0+ 2k!$2k2#3(!$1++2&b+ -
8&(8*%+IH+5:&(#C #38*+
)
& +F&$6=+ -) *(]+ -(& 4-&#3MD! 6>d!08+ 3&!0 b8* "!$ M6>&(58&8%+
C 8* 3%+ 3&e="!5,C#3#I(zH(%E!04(5I(h*@
[ b I!0#AC&)P!0IH)P!$1MY6>I!0+ 2=-E!U(=-34(-W8&(2 #f!0+ 3&(9:93+2-P+2-#f!$'.#XH!$CP+2-1<)b!$1M !0 
e:/U!$q1#3Mmh? *#*(!$1+IH
!$C:93#3#9&+5'ES2)
&$CD'1M]9#33"6d@ [ ]+ -S 3)
%#W%E!$23+XM`K!$)
%#W *C3 e="!`VC#3#FI(zH;c3"!
o9*C#3#I( dh*H;+ -2b:/2b&(#3MJ + 2&(4#3M` #3(!0N+5!$C`2 #3(!01+6>U!$+  UH/2&#33"696>&(CD+2-
2+  &4(#3M
 *#*(!$1+6>I!0+ 2<)W&( +&$6+2-+ 3)W(@A -3#TI!0 2+XBX34(-1'.&( !0 =&(+9-12+<)58"-W'NMW:/U!$q1#3M5 #3(!0N+6RI!$+2 UH
c!03("BXg!UM3/! ln8*+ C`e w PO fH6!c6>I!$+2 T3 %#38I!0+ CW3+:93##! ln8*+9+ -9%.&(2+ 2&/+X:938Uh@;p9-=9#33"6!$#34&( 3+2-)
:9!$9)
&+ 3(!$+2C5'1M5I!0 2+XBX34(-1'.&( !0Cb+394(&1&1C
2%E8*~.8I!$#3#3M56>&9 3)
3#f!$;+XM1%.<&063C8*+ 3&(S!$#34&( 3+2-)
U@
[ ^% #33)
3E!0 M`K1%. 3)
*N+2IH9: 6>&(C 34(~.8I!$1+5(!$2f!$8J3]+ -J #3(!08`"!$q134(543('1M9*#3"6"@
138F9#33"6d!0C&()W#3Mk"!$)
%#*9 +d!08!0Cb+ -3T34(-1'.&( 6> &)+2-+2d!$33452+IH.+2-k!$ : =3+94(3(*c!$2
2#3f!$'#3<:93+2-&(+! M5-34-5N)5'E?&$6"!$)W%#3IH&(5+2-=&( C/&06+X:&+ &F+ - =+ 3)W+ -c1)5'.&06A8I!$293
2698;BDH"BDH"C4L+Y;:Z:QG
:7@ B 
J   BDH":Q@;^7E]<;:7<BD@ `;BD@;I
L+\Jj:QI
C4Y;L+:7H[I
H0ODE
@;FI
H"MNE
L4:ZC+8;I
@RE
C48;:QL0`;BD@;I
L4\NJj:QI
C4Y;L4:QH0I
L4:=L4:Y;BDL+:7<hC+E
<;:QC4:QL4MNBD@;:[C48;:0<;BDI
F
@;E
H4BDH7cbA:7^QB >A^7I
ODOD\ i
Cg_ENL+:7I
O gGI2ODY;:Q<NI
C4C+L4BD`;Y;C4:QH7i
:QI
^)8E
@;:0_9BDC+8 "!=`;BDC4H[E Jb;L+:7^QBDH4BDE
@di
_9BDODO `A:tBD@JK:QL4BDE
LY;@;<;:QL9C48;BDH
H4^)8;:QMN:
c

Relief

Totally irrelevant features


Focus

Weakly relevant features

Strongly relevant features

i34(2 A\13:&$66>I!$+2 Y +T #3(!08(@


+ - k+2d!$33452+I@T`=:/* F:/&  3C 'NMb+2-3<(!$2f!$8Hn!0Cb3)
%#3)W1+ Cb!5C+2 )W33 + 38=(*  3&S&$6g#33"6+ -E!0+
2 !0#3#32+d!085!$CD!0#3#I!$2 +LB7-3+2 !0C`I!0 2+XBX)
3 2&$69I!08d-`32+d!08(@`eRi&c*Km!0)
%#3(H6+ -2P!0 5+X:&
I!0 2+3 +"!$8*k*ZN.!$#3#3MP8*#& F+ &b+ -5 "6>* 8*
3 +"!$8*(HA:5!U("!$4(F'.&(+ -J&$69+ -3c8*&(1+ 2'+ 3&(c32+ I!0C`&$6
%38"q145&((@hp9-394(3(9+2-2 #3+2c&:&(#3CWK1%E8*+<6R &()o9*#3"6}62b6>&<!$b31~E3+2 !0)
&1+/&06+23)
(H1'+
 *ZN29&(#M5!$)58"-5+ 3)Wg!0/+2-= +d!0CE!0 CP#33"6!$#34(& 3+ -):93+2-5+ -=1)5'.&$6A"!$)W%#3Z1E!0#j+ &+2-= 3=&$6
+ -<+ "!$334= *+I@/m8<:<!$2<&#3&4(?:/&  3CW'1Mk-34-5(!$ f!08(H:/98U!$#3#E+2-3C+2 )W33 + 389(!0 f!$1+/#3*((t@
`F-E!$C#5q1&$:9Q(!0#3='1MQ2+ +24S+ -5Clj28W'E+X:+X:/&bqN&$:9Q(!0#+ &Sb!$C`+ -5C}lj *8
'.+X:/*Q!$bqN&$:9!0CP!01M
&(+2-9q1&$:9b(!$#3T+ &5&(@
9#33"6!$F&( 34.!$#3#3MSC28 3'.C8I!0D&(#M`2D&D'3E!0 M`8#f!0  }~E8U!$+ 3&D%2&('#3)WIH; &J:P C]+ -#33"6fB i
)
*+ -&1C
C 823'EC 'NM5=&&(*q(&be U($1hH:9-38"-P4"!$#33<#36A+ &5)5#3+ 3%#38#f!$2 U@`<8*&()5'3C
#33"6fB i
:93+ -`&kC+ 2)
33 +2385-E!08)W1++ &JM1*#C`+2-5~.E!$#/!0#34(&(23+ -)9#33(*C1BLi@ [ `&(FK1%. 3)
*N+2IH6>U!$+  
:93+ -b *#*(!$8="!$q134(9'.#3&$:\: Y )W&$(CA@

+84 '9:! Gm6


8:!
,`


;=
`a '!_;=
B v:!8 ;


9!$2C35e I(h2CQ!YC832&b+  * !0#4&(2+2-)+ &F #38*+ !Y ' +=&06A6>I!0+ 296R&(9!FI!$2 +LB734(-1'E&c!0#4&(2+2-)Q@
1385!WC832&Q+2 5+XM1%38I!0#3#Mb8&1+d!$3T&(#3MQ! ' +&06g+2-Y6>I!$+2 *IH+ -& 5+ -.!$+!$%%.I!0 C`3S+2-~.E!$#+2 
: 52#38+ *C`6>&c+2-5I!0 2+XBX34(-1'.&(U@5p9-5C8*23&(J+  *
+ -1=2  !0+ -~E#3+2=6>&c+2-5I!0 2+XBX34(-1'.&(
!$#34&( 3+2-)Q@
<#3+ -&(4-k+2-<!$%% &N!08"-5:/& q(*Ck:#3#16>&2&()W/CE!0+d!0 +2IH+;-E!0 &)
)b! "&A -&( +28&()W34(U@AiU!$+  + -E!0+/!$2
4(&1&1CW6>&(9C83 3&( +  *!$ =&+<*8 "!$2#3Mb2"6>#6>&9I!$2 +LB734(-1'E&I@9T<:93+ -S#36dH1&(YK1%E8*+ =+ -E!0+9+ -
+ &+d!0##3MT2 #3(!01+A6RI!$+2 ;:93#3#('./:CCAH1!$CF+ -3% &'E!$'#M=+2-/)b! "&j"ln*8++ -.!$+;#3C+ &=2&()
;3)
% &$(*)
1+ 
3+ -/CE!0+d!0 +2 +2C3CA
@ T&$:/IH0:9-3#!9I!0 2+XBX34(-1'.&(/!0#34(&(23+ -)8I!$F+d!0q(31+ &=!$88*&(1+;+ -9ln8*+&$6E)b!$1M
 *#*(!$1+96>U!$+  UHE+2-F8 21+=)
+2-&1C9&$6'3#3C34FC832&S+ 2= mlnT6>2&() CE!$+"!Y6>d!04()W1+d!$+23&(P!0Cb&(#3Mb!
6>:\2%#33+ =8I!$ 'EF)P!0C='E"6R&( F+ -k1)5'.<&06 +d!08YTK1-E!$ + *CA@ [ 6+ -k+2 53c!0%%2&$KN3)b!$+ *#M5'.!$#f!$8*C
!$CS+ -YN)5'E9&06+ d!033453 +"!$8*c+2-E!$+9+2 38"q1#*cC&$:9P+2&5I!$8"-J '+  *k3c!0%%2&$KN3)b!$+ *#MF+ -d!0)
(H+ -J!
C8*23&(b+ 28I!0&(+9+2 +T)
& <+2-E!$
 5e#34 
h?6>U!$+  TS!Y%E!$+2-A@

!+935354 :;*5 7 G 
6
8: $
00:! B4 '  ;

i34(2  -&$:9k+2-S *+5&$6<6RI!$+2 5+2-E!$+


i= ]!$C]9#33"6= I!0 8"-6>&(U@`-3#3Pic F U!$ 8"-34J6R&(5!
)
33)
!0#N2+<&06;6>I!$+2 *IHE#33"62I!$28d-T6>&(9!$#3#j+ - #3(!01+6>I!$+2 *kef'.&(+2-b:/I!0qP!0C
2+  &4Nh*@
i#3+2!0%% &1!$8"-+ &6>U!$+  2' *+2#38+2&C&9&+j+d!0q(;3N+2&<!$88*&(1+A+2-'f!0 &$6N+2-3C8+ 3&(!0#4&(2+2-)

!$C
 *#*8+6>I!0+ 2c2'2+ 9+2-E!$+9!$2<3C%.C1+<&$6A+2-<3C8+ 3&P!$#34&( 3+2-)
U@ [ W &)
98I!0 UH)
U!$  8I!$W'E
C13 *C
+ -.!$+/!0 <!$#34&( 3+2-)\ %.8}~E8(H.!$CF+ - =)P!UM='.98&()W%+2Ck 
831+ #3MN@;i&(K!0)
%#3(HU35#3I!$; *4( *  3&AH
)
U!$  T 8"-Q!0 S!0##3&$:  
 Se S!0#3#&$:9=I(h9!$CS `eR; C8*+ 3&(S2)o&$62ZN.!$ *dh
e <+2IHD!$ 2 )b!$

Correlated
0
A1

0
0

A0
0

Irrelevant
1

A0

1
1

0
0

1
1
1

i34(29Ep9- "&( "!$# =CE!$+"!$2+6R&N&#3+ &%1B7C&$:95C83 3&1B7+2 =!$#34(& 3+ -)


A31+ &Y%38dq134=+ - 8*&( 2#f!$+2C Y
 6>I!$+2 
6>&9+ -= &1&+IH18I!0 34F6>"!$4)
1+d!0+ 3&(H$:9-38"-P3b+  98I!0 *c+2-=3  *#*(!$1+6>I!0+ 2+ &F'EY8d-&( *A@
\=+2U((h-.!U(<'.bC*N32Cb &5+ -.!$++ -MWC&F&(+ Z132c234F+ -c24(2 23&(S)b!$1M+ 3)WIH1!$Cb+2-N
!U(&3C+ -98* &(2XBX(!$#33CE!$+23&(2+ %W C53F+ -9C"67!$#+;:9"!$%%. +2%A@;p9-2<)WI!$2 !0C5+ -92#3(!$89)
I!0 2
!$2 34(CD'1M`9#33"69:/&#3C`&(+'.P!0%%2&(%2!0+ 
!06>U!$+  
2'2+5 #38*+ &(2F6>&( c!$3"B79!UM(*'E*8I!$2b`)b!$1M
8I!0 T+ -%.L6>&(2)P!$8<&06 =!$3(B79!UM(93)W% &$:93+ -b+ -c2)
&$(!0#E&062#3(!$1+6>I!0+ 2I@
p9-8& "!$#AC.!$+d!0 +UH.:9-38d-b3<!$S!0 + }~E8*!0#jCE!$+"!$2+96>2&()ef&(-b+=!$#X@jI$Nh?4(3<!F%E& 2'#Y 8.!$ 3&W:9- 
~E#3+ *XB !$%%2&N!08d-967!03#E)W2d!0'#3MN@p9- F!$ F(Y +d!08T3
+ -9&1&(#3I!0PC&()P!03A@jp9-=+d!0 4+98&(8%+=3
ec  kIh e  5
 Uhl&

p9-;6RI!$+2 .!$)
*C 23  *#*(!$1+93j}6>& )W#Md!0C&)QHI!0C=+ -?6>I!0+ 2 8*&( 2#f!$+2C <)b!$+28d-A+2-8#f!$2A#f!$'.#1(
&$6j+ -<+ 3)W<e36>& %.8}~E8T3 +"!$8*dh@ = *CMF + "!$+24(3?6>&(?'3#3C34<C*83 3&(5+2 9%8"q+2- 28&(2 #f!0+ C  6>I!$+2 
!$3+ *)
'.2+9'NM5!$#3#q1&$:952#38+2&b8 3+ * f!@96>+2+ -=:9 &42&N&+ %#3+UH(+2-<32+d!$8<!$296>"!$4)
1+ *C !0C
+ - k!0 &(+&(4(-b3 +"!$8*c!$+9U!$8"-S '+ 2+ &5C 823'EF+ -=8& 28+=8&(8%+U@/i34(2c52-&$:99+ -C832&
+ 2=3C8*C5'NM
.@@A=;pD3C8<!=2)W3#!0jC832&
+2 T:9+2-5+ - 8& 2#f!$+ *C 6RI!$+2 =!$++2-<2&N&+I@;-
+ -6RI!$+2 =39 )W&$(CH(+2-=8&(2 8+T+ 236>&(CA@/8U!$2k+2- 8&  *#!0+ C F6>I!$+2 Y-34(-#M58*&( 2#f!$+2Cb:9+2+ -5#!0'E*#7H~E#3+ *k!$#34(& 3+ -)
<:93#3#;4(d!0##3MS2#38+F3+I@W`d!$%%EF!$%%2&N!08d-IH&(`+2-5&(+2-F-E!$CHA)b!UMPC28&$(*
+ -.!$+9+ -<6RI!$+2 39-12+ 34F%EL6>&(2)P!08!$Cb:93#3#n!U&(3C
2#38+245+U@
p9-2`K!$)
%#*P!$C+ -JC3 8* 2&^&06k *#*(!$8J(*  S&(%+23)P!$#33+XM]e>18*+ 3&(\@(h -&$:o+2-E!$+S!6>I!$+2 
 *#*8+ 3&(  8"-)Wc2-&(#CW+d!0q(=+ -YC8+2&P!0#4&(2+2-)3N+2&
!$88*&(1+IH.!$93C&(=3b+ -=:9"!$%%.c!0%%2&N!$8"-A@
/

J<

S
YA


<?SU

[ +2-:9d!0%%.!$%%2&N!08d-HI2-&$:93ki34(2<(HU+2-;6>I!0+ 2/2'2+; #38+23&(FC&( 34T+ -?C8+2&k!$#34&( 3+2-)


!$!<'#!08"q'E&$KWe r fw fH$&cq1&$:9#3C4(&$6j+ -<!0#4&(2+2-)\3;C*CAH "2++2-931+ L67!$8Uh@;p9-6>U!$+  9 ' + *#*8+ 3&(
!$#34&( 3+2-)8&(C8+ =!F I!0 8"-b6>&<!4&1&NCb2' *+<245+ -=3C8*+ 3&(S!$#34&( 3+2-)+2 #}6/!$%E!0 +<&06+2-=(!$#3E!0+ 3&(
6>8+ 3&(@p9-!088"!$8M&$6F+ -`3C8C8#f!$ 2}~E  W +23)P!$+2C 34]!$88d!$8*M^2+ 3)P!0+ 3&(]+28"-3Z1Q!0
C28 3'.C`3S=&(-E!U19e U( "h@Tp9-k% &('#*)o:/5!$2k31(2+ 34N!0+ 3453=+ -E!0+<&06/ +"!$+ F %.!$852I!$28d-H!0CSC}lj 1+
 U!$ 8"-S*4(3T:93##.'.c31(* + 341!$+ *CP3b+ -cK1+9 8+23&(U@
p9-:9"!$%%.!$%% &N!08"-P8*&(C8+ !F U!$ 8"-J3P+2-2%E!$8F&$6%.&(2 3'#3%E!0d!$)W+ * I@\2I!$28d-J *ZN2!F +"!$+ 
 %.!$8(H!0533+ f!$#2+d!0+ (H!=+2 )W3E!$+2&8&C3+ 3&(HN!0C
!= U!$ 8"-W4(3Fe =32'E* 4
U((H(9  *##j <& 1345I((h*@
p9-bK1+W 8+23&(]6>&18 W&(]8&()W%E!$234S U!$ 8"-*4(3UH9+ -.!$+53IH?+ -S:9!UM`:P2I!$28"-^+2-b %E!08S&$6%.&(2 3'#3
%E!0d!$)W+ * I@

Feature Subset
Training
Set
1
2
3

1
2

Train
Induction

Test
c 3

1
3

Induction

2
3

Induction

Eval
Eval

Avg

Eval

i34(2p9-82&( LB7(!0#3C.!$+ 3&5)


+2-&1C56>&<!$88d!$8*MP* + 3)b!$+ 3&A@e> B>6R&(#3C
82&(2XBX(!$#33CE!$+2&5 -&$:9@ h

p9-F I!0 8"-` %E!085&(24N!03I!$+2&b+ -E!0+c:F8d-&( 53T 8"-J+ -E!0+cU!$8"-Q2+d!0+ 5 *% 21+ 5!6>I!$+2 F ' +U@5i& 
6>I!0+ 2IH+ -* k!0  '3+ 93
I!08"-
 +"!$+2(HE!0C
I!08"-P'+3C38I!0+ :9-+2-c! 6>I!0+ 2=%2 1+Fe Ih?&(<!0' *N+=e>h@
T%E*d!$+2&(2<C+2 )W3=+ -=%E!0 + f!0#j&( C 34F'E*+X:/*Q+2-= +d!0+ UHE!0Cb:/=-E!U<8"-&(2S+2&k2&(%."!$+ & 9+2-E!$+<!0CC
&(YC#3+ b!b 34#36>U!$+  56R &()!b +"!$+2(H;8&(2 2%E&C34J+ &S+2-
2I!$28"-D %.!$8W8&()W)
&(#MW *CD3Q+2-
2+ %1:93 
)
*+ -&1C=3S +"!$+22+ 38U@
i4 5W -&$:9=28"-`+ -F +"!$+ 52%E!$8*
!$CJ&(%.d!0+ & =6>&!56R&(LB>6>U!$+  F% &'#3)Q@Yp9-
 3F&$6+2-k2I!$28"-Q2%E!$8Y6>&  6>I!0+ 2=3 5eR ) hH. &W3+<393)
%"!$8+28U!$#A+2&5 I!0 8"-`+ -:9-&(#32%E!$8*kK1-E!0 +23(#3M1H
#32 b392)P!$#3#X@j`T:9#3#j2-&(2+ #3M
C* 82'.+2-C}lj 1+T I!0 8"-S439+ -.!$+9:c8*&()
%.!$ *CA@
p9-S4&N!$#&$6=+ -  I!0 8"-3k+2&J~EC]+ -P2+d!0+ S:93+ -+ - -34(-2+5(!$#3E!0+ 3&(H; 34`!J-23 + 38b6R8+2&D+2&
4(C5+U@Pm85:/5C&S&(+YqN&$:,+ -P!$8*+ E!0#/!$88*d!08M`&$6<+2-53C8*CD8#f!$2 }~EUH;:/5 P!088"!$8M`* + 3)b!$+ 3&
!$='.&(+2-Q+2-5-23 + 38F6>8+ 3&!0CQ+2-5(!0#.!$+ 3&
6R8+2&eR1
1*8+ 3&(D6>&<)W&( FC+"!$3#3<&Q+2-
!$'2+ "!$8+
%2&('#3)bh@=p9-F(!$#3E!0+ 3&(6>8+23&(J:/F 53~E("BR6>&#C 8 & XBX(!$#33CE!0+ 3&(DeRi4 5(h*Hj *%EI!0+ C)5#3+ 3%#3<+23)
U@
p9-WN)5'E=&06< %.+ 3+2&FYC+ * )
3*C`&(`+ -5EMJ'1MQ#3&1&(q134S!$++2-
2+d!0CE!$2C`C1f!$+2&Q&06<+ -b!$88*d!08M
2+ 3)P!0+ (HA!0 2)
345+2-M`!$ F3C%.C1+I@ [ 6/+ -52+d!0CE!$2C`C1f!$+2&S&$6+ -
!088"!$8MJ +23)P!$+2k3!$'.&$(b 
!$CJ~E(582&(2XBX(!$#33CE!$+2&=-E!U(5&(+'.]K18+ CAH?:/5*KN*8+ S!0&(+2-F8 & XBX(!$#33CE!0+ 3&(J @b-3#3k+2-33
&(#MF!<- 32+ 38(H+? )W+ &=:&(2q:/*##F%"!$8+28*c!$C !U&(3C;)5#3+ 3%#3;8 & LB7(!0#3CE!0+ 3&(F ;6>&#f!0 4(CE!0+d!$2+ U@
p9-3- 3 +285-.!$+2-5385%2&(%. +XMJ+ -E!0+3+T6>&(28F+ -
!088"!$8MJ +23)P!$+23&(S+2&S `#3&4(5e2r fw fHjK18+ 
82&( LB7(!0#3C.!$+ 3&)P!0NM=+2)Wdh&(52)P!$#3#CE!$+"!$ *+ +2-E!$53+;+d!0q(+2&= 5&k#f!$24(CE!$+"!$2+ U@;/8U!$2c2)P!0##CE!$+"!$2+ 
 *ZN2Q#32S+ 3)WP+2&D#3I!0 AHT+ -J&$(*d!$#3#!$8*8d!08M2+ 3)P!0+ 3&(]+2)W(H9:9-38"-3b+ -J%2&NC8+b&$6k+2-JC8+2&
!$#34&( 3+2-) 45+ 3)
=!$Cb+ -8 & LB7(!0#3CE!0+ 3&(W+ 3)
H(C&1T&(+94 &$:+2&1&F67!$2+I@`=+2-N9-E!U(!F8& 2(!$+2&
&$6 -E!0 C*  b234
+2-3c- 32+ 38(92)P!$#3#jCE!0+d!0 +2:93##'EF82&( LB7(!0#3C.!$+ *CS)P!0NM5+23)
T+ &
&$ 8*&()
Y+ -F-34((!$2f!$852 #+234S6R &()2)P!$#3#/!0)
&1+ =&$6<CE!0+d!@Qi&()58"-`#f!$24(YCE!$+"!$ *+ IH?&(W8&(#C :93+ 8"-+ &Q! -&(#3C&+
- 3 +28=+2&5d!U(=b)
& <+23)
e>!Y6X!$8+2&(&$6A~.(Ih*H'+9:=-E!U(T&(+6R&(CW+ -39*8 "!$2M
6R&(9+ -cC.!$+d!0 +2<:
2CA@
p9-J+ 2) 7" B: , 4|:A ;=86
 '! 'm 1 2"6>2S+ &]!J I!0 8"-+ -E!0+
'.4(3b!$+
+2-J)
%+XM`2+b&$66RI!$+2  =+ -J+ * )
>4 '% , 4 :A 86m
35
24|  1  "6>* +2&P!52I!$28"-`+ -E!0+<'.4(3!$+T+ -Y6>#3# +&06;6>I!$+2 *
e 1 "(*c=3+ +2#*kI(H
b3#3#3cU((h@;p9-33+ f!$#. +"!$+ Y:/=23P)W&(2+/&06&(9K1%E23)
1+ T39+ -=)W%+XM5 +T&$6;6>I!0+ 2IH.-*8:k!$2
24!6>& :9!$2CQ2#38+ 3&D!$%%2&N!08d-@kp9-5)P!$3b U!$ &J6>&(=+2-38"-&(38F38&()W%+"!$+ 3&E!$#X'3#3C34
8*#!0 2~. 
:9-J+ - b!$ Y6>: 6>I!0+ 23Q+2-FCE!$+"!
3=)58"-b67!0 +2I@F<#3+2-&(4-S3Q+2-& M1Hj4(&4
'E!08dq1:9!$2Cb6> &)V+2-6R#3#
 *+&$66>I!0+ 2)P!UMb8I!0%+  531+ "!$8+24
6RI!$+2 Y)
&(2kU!$ 3#3M1HE+2-5)
*+ -&1CS3K1+2 )W#3MP*KN%.23(
:93+2-Q&#3M
+ -k!$CCW6>U!$+  5!$CbC#3+2=6>I!0+ 2k&%E*d!$+2&(2I@ [ Q18*+ 3&(S.H1:/Y:9#3#j31+ 2&NC88&)
%.&(CP&%E*d!$+2&(2<+ -.!$+9:93#3#
)P!0q(=+ -k'E!08"qN:9!$2CS#33)
3E!0+ 3&(
!0%% &1!$8"-S%"!$8+238I!$#X@Tp9-6R&(#3#3&$:94k2)
)b!$ MF -&$:9c+2-F +d!01+ f!$+2&b&$6+ -
 U!$ 8"-S% &('#*)Q

0,0,0,0

1,1,0,0

1,0,0,0

0,1,0,0

0,0,1,0

0,0,0,1

1,0,1,0

0,1,1,0

1,0,0,1

0,1,0,1

1,1,1,0

1,1,0,1

1,0,1,1

0,1,1,1

0,0,1,1

1,1,1,1

i34(2<p9-<2+d!$+2= %E!08<2I!$28d-6>&(?6>I!0+ 2<2' *+/2#38+ 3&A@ !08"-5&1C<38&8*+ CS+2&&1C+ -.!$+-E!U(9&


6>I!0+ 2C#3+2CS&g!0CCCA@
1+"!$+2
[ 3+2!0#E2+d!0+ 
T 32+ 3]8 $*(!$#3E!$+23&(
1U!$ 8"-S!$#34&( 3+2-)
p;2)
3E!$+23&(F8&(C+23&(

\/&1&#U!$b(8*+ &(UH&='3+9%E6>I!0+ 2


p9-)W%+XMF +T&$6;6>I!0+ 2keRHH@"@@*HE(h
i"BR6>&(#3C582&( LB7(!0#3C.!$+ 3&k2%EU!$+ *CS)5#3+ 3%#3+2)W:93+ -b!
 )b!$#3#E%.E!0#3+XMQe>@3 5h6>&9(* MW6>I!0+ 2(@
<3#3#}B78#33)5'}4=&(9'. +LB>~E2 += U!$ 8"<#34(& 3+ -)C%.C*N+5e '.#3&$:<h

 '! 13506m8^+

*}0?84 6

* :9!$5!$CCC]+ &J+ -b(!0#.!$+ 3&J6>8+23&(AH;%.E!0#334 6>I!0+ 2b '2+ W:93+ -D)b!$1M
6>I!0+ 2F &S!$+2&b' I!0qQ+233S6X!U(&(=&06g2)P!$#3#3T '2+ U@bp9-5%.E!$#3+XMS:9!$=2+k+2&S@3 bHj:9-8"-J3c MJ )b!$#3#
8&)
%E!0 CF+ &=+ -9 +d!0CE!0 CFC1f!$+ 3&k&06n+2-<!$88*d!08Mk* + 3)b!$+ 3&AHU:9-38d-F3!$3)
CY+ &='E9'.#3&$:^b@ <&!0+ + *)
%+2
: )b!$C=+2&5 +=+ -9(!0#3=&(%+2)b!$#3#3M6R&(9+ - %.8}~E8FCE!$+"!$2+ U@ [ +<:9!$92)W%#3M
!$CCCb+ &
%8"qW+ -2)P!0##32+9&$6
+X:&6>U!$+  2' *+ =+ -E!0+9-E!U(T+ -Yd!$)W<2+ 3)P!0+ Cb!$88*d!08MN@



\FU

5< 

[ S+2-3< *8+ 3&( :/*(!$#3E!$+2=C}ln21+= I!0 8"-Q*4(36>&(T+ -Y:9d!$%%E!0%% &1!$8"-A@`'.4(3b:93+ -Q!FC 823%+ 3&(
&$6;+ -YK1%E23)
1+d!0#j)
+2-&1C&(#3&4(MF C W+ -Y 2+<&$6;+ -Y%E!$%.I@?`<+2-SC* 82'.F+ -=-3#3#}B78#33)5'}45ef4(2CMh
 U!$ 8"-b43(H1!$C52-&$:]+ -E!0+/3++2 )W.!$+ */!$+#3&18I!0#E)b!$K13)
!+ &1&&$6R+ A@;`9+2-W =!='E* +XBR~E2 +9 U!$ 8"-b43
!$CP2-&$:+ -E!0+9+:&( q19)58"-W'E+2+ U@
92

 ,TvZ S; +Z<

 

T

`<&$:^C* 82'.F+ -=CE!0+d!$2+ T:/=8"-& (H+ -k!0#34(&(23+ -)W CAHj!0Cb+ -=K1%. 3)
*N+"!$#j)W+ -&1C&#3&(4(M1@

4 '4B;=8 !;
p!$'#3
% &$13C5!  )W)P!$2Mb&$6c+2-
8"-E!0d!08+ 23 + 38W&$6<+2-bCE!$+"!$ *+ 58"-&(2A@`T#3#/CE!0+d!0 +25K18%+F6>&k8*&( "!$#
: &'+d!03C56R &()+ -  23+XM
&$69!$#3}6>&(2f!!$+ [  13= *%E& 3+ & M`e b %-1MP <-E!WI(hH6>2&():9-38"-56R#3#
C&18)W1+d!0+ 3&(Y6>&(!$#3#CE!0+d!$2+ 8I!05'ET&('+"!$3CA@;&(2d!0#E:9!$31+ 2&1C8CW3k&(-W+/!$#X@e2I$Nh?!$C5:9!$C"~EC
I

p!$'#3m)
)b!$ MF&$6CE!0+d!0 +2I@ !$+d!0 +2c!0'E&$c+2--& 3&N+"!$##3!0
3C38I!0+ 9+21BR6>&(#3Cb8 & LB7(!0#3CE!0+ 3&(@
&.@ !$+"!$2+
iU!$+  
&E@
!0## &()W.!$# 8*&(1+ 8*#!0 2
'2I!$2+<8I!08
I

8#3
I

82K
I

<
I(
I

-& 2"B78*&(#338
(
I

;3)b!

28"qBX+ -1M1 &3C


(
I

2&$MN'.I!01B7#f!0 4(
(
(

I
8& "!$#

I  B7&06fBB UB UBI
I
I

( b&qj

I b&qUBX#3&N8U!$#
I
I

I b&q

 b&q

2I!$# 
!$CP+2-&(2k'.#3&$:\!$ !0 + }~E8*!0#X@
p;"!$3
2*
(
(
(
(
(
(
I
(

(
I0
I
I
I

p* +
23

I

U(

I
U(0
N
N
N
N

'E!$2#3
!$88*d!08M
(@(
$.@ N
(@
@
(@$
(@3I
(@$
I@ N
(@(
(@$
(@(
(@3I
(@3I
(@(

!$'.&$(@Qp9-
%2)b!$2MS8 3+2 f! :/2b 3`ef2I!$#9CE!0+d!0 +2k)52+-E!U
)
& 5+2-E!$](( +d!08"hH?C 
8#3+XMe+ -
!$8*8d!08M` -&(#3C`&+k'.
+2&N& -34(-`!U6>+2k234J&(#3MQ! )P!0#3#1)5'E*c&06<3 +"!$8*dhH!$4Sef&(#3C`CE!0+d!0 +2 !0++ -
[  13F %.&(2+2&(2MNHj28"-D!$-2IH-1MN%.&(+2-1MN2&(3CAHj!$CQ&(+ Hj:/* 5&+c8*&(2C C`'.8I!0 W&$6/+2-3%.&(2 3'#3
31E*8=&(5+2-<C*(#3&(%)
1+&06!$#34(& 3+ -)Wdh*@jC+"!$3#3C
C 823%+ 3&(W&$6A+2-<CE!0+d!0 +2<!$C5+2- =8& 3C*d!$+23&(
3/43(53Qe=&(-E!U1;I(v"h@;1)P!0#3#NC.!$+d!0 +29:/* =+ 2+ C  34+21BR6>&(#3CW8 & XBX(!$#33CE!0+ 3&( !$ +2}~E8f!$#.CE!$+"!$2+ <!0C
#f!$24(CE!0+d!0 +2:/* F %#33+<31+ &W+ d!03Q!$C + 2+ +25ef+ -
!$ +2}~E8f!$#CE!$+"!$ *+ =-E!U(5!5:#3#;C"~ECQ+2d!04
 *+IHA!0
C&1=+ - <aCE!$+"!$2+T6>&(2)V1+d!0+dj&4Nh*@9p9-F'E!$2#3 !088"!$8MS3T+ -5!$88*d!08MDef&S+ -k:9-&#3CE!$+"!$2+dhT:9-
%2C38+ 345+2-)b! "&(23+XM8#f!$2I@

$6
`1 B:!
3c;

`2+X:&
3C8*+ 3&(Q!0#34(&(23+ -)W/!$!F'E!0 396>&<8&)
%E!0 3 &I@p9-* 
!$2+ - .@ F3C8+ 3&!0#34(&(23+ -)Wg!0C
+ -
 c!$3"B79!UM(*3C8+ 3&k!$#34(& 3+ -)Q@./&+ -5!$29:/#3#1q1&$:9FY+ -9)b!$8"-3#3I!0 34T8&()W)53+XM<!$CF *% 21+
+X:&k8&)
%#3+2#3M5C}ln* 1+c!0%%2&N!$8"-*9+ &5#3I!$234EH1-8:=-&(%.=+ -E!0+9&(92 #+2c!0 =&$6!F4(*d!$#E!$+2 !0C
:93#3#j4(*d!$#33=+ &5&+ -*<3C8*+ 3&(S!$#34&( 3+2-)
U@ 83 3&(b+2 =-E!U='E*S:/*##C&18)W1+ Cb3S<#!0Qe2I((h*H
 3)P!0b+!$#X@;e I$1hHEi.!UM1MN!0Ce2IIh*H./1+2Pe2I((h*HE!$
C b& +5e2I((h E-85::93#3#A&+cC 823'E5+2-)
3SC+"!$3#X@9p9- c!0"BXg!UMc!0#4&(2+2-) TK1%#f!$3C 'E#3&$:@Tp9-F %.8}~E8FC+d!03#=!$2k&+<2 1+2!0#;6>&<+ -k2 +
&$6;+ -Y%E!$%.I@
p9- L !0#4&(2+2-)\e>T3#f!$5U((h.3A!C 8*C1+&06 [ =e>T3#f!0 U((hH*:9-38"-c'3#CjC83 3&c+2 *+2&(%1B
C&$:9
!0C5% + -)J@Ap9-<+ 2<38*&(2+  8+ C 'NMY~EC4+ -9'.2+9 34(#3"BR6>I!0+ 29+ 2+9+ &8*&(C8+g!0++ -< &1&+
&1C=&$6;+ -=+2 (@?96>+29+ -c+2 +T3/8"-& AH+ -=32+d!$8c!0 = %#3+9!$88*&( C4k+2&5+ -=+ * +IH.!$CW+ -=2'%2&('#3)W
!$29 &#CF 8  3#3MN@;E@9 4N!0Yd!$+23&EH(!T(!$2f!$1+A&06E)5+ .!$#(316R&( )b!$+2&AHI!0;+ -6>U!$+  9 *#*8+ 3&(5)WI!$2  
&(+2-T)
I!0 2<-E!U='E*Q%2&(%.&(2CAH. 8"-`!$9+2- =3CKQe/23)P!0P*+c!$#X@jU($1hH.?B72%E!$"!$+2&( Fe>i.!UM1MN!$CS
[ d!0<U((hHC3 +"!$8B7'E!0 C)
I!0 2
e  !$ 1+d!0d!$WI(Ih*HA!$CD#33"6 e=&(&q&U((h@WE@W% k'1M
24k+2-=%%.9'E&CW&$6!Y8&(1~.C8Y1+2 (!0#E&
+ -c2 ' +2+2+ 3&P*  &<!$+ -=2 &9 +2)b!$+2 (238=&1C
:93+ - 6>:32+d!$8F-E!U(
!W:93C8*&(1~EC8W1+2 (!0#7H+ -M`!$25 )W&$(CJ}6/+ -5C}ln28b3J 2&(F'E+X:
+ -) !0Cb+ -*9%.!$ *N+2<39&+/24}~E8I!0N+U@
`5 2 
+2-5+ 2) n + &S!W `&$6<E@W+ -E!0+C&1&+K18+ 
+2-5%234S2+ %D!0C`'3#3C=+ -F6R#3#
+ 2
e2r fw fH1&1C=!$ =2%#3+9#3 T+ -Mb!$2%2&(93+93)W%E&  3'#39+2&F6> +2-T %#33+9+ -=&1CYC=+ &58&1E38+24
3 +"!$8*dh*@<p9- [ F3C8+ 3&!0#34(&(23+ -):2CS3<2I!$#3#3MP.@:93+ - + -%.!$d!0)
+2 
 F+ -E!0+<8I!0 
!F6R#3#j+  *k+2&
'.4(2&$:9Q!$Cb&#3MP% Y6+2- F3c!0' &#+ #3M
&
382I!$2k3b+ -F * '2+ 3+ + 3&(J 2&(Td!$+2(@T
 *#!0+ 3(*#M5q1&$:9
%.&(2+9% &182 3452+ %S3bE@= *%#f!$8=!&NCc'1M5&=&$6A3+ 98"-3#3C *
}6+2-!$88d!$8*MP&06A+ -
(

8"-3#3CS398&(23C *C`'E+2+ We>T3#f!$`I(H%E!04(k(h@ [ S&(F8I!0 bef+ -k8& "!$#;CE!$+"!$'E!0 C 823'EC`'.#3&$:<hH.+2-3


-E!0C!F234(}~E8I!01+/3)
%.!$8+&(b+ -c2 #+234
+2 (!$#3+ -&(4-P+2-= &1&(+92%#33+9:g!098&(2 8+UH.+9:9!$92%#f!$8*CS'1M
&
&$6;+ -Y8d-#3C2A@
p9- <4|mg1 4 *1 ;=
4  8#f!$ 2}~E9e>!$4#*Mc*+!0#X@NU(H C.!< =!$ +I(H =&1&1C
U((HTC2 &(5 S!0+ 2d!
I(Hp!UM1#&IH b38"-3 1%34N!0#3-E!$#3+ *kI$1h929!UM(= #5+2&
8&)
%+ F+ -F% &'E!$'#33+XM
&06gU!$8"-Q8*#!0 =4(3
+ -c32+d!08(Hj!$2 )W34+ -=6>I!0+ 2c!0 =8&(C3+ 3&(E!0#3#MF3C%.C1+<4(3
+2-#f!$'.#X@i&(2)P!0##3M1H

sexyHzqa{  A H p.A h
'1M5g!UM<2#3
HJAs e  A H pcA {xyHzq(h"sAeNx Hzq(h=se pjA h
As e pA h39d!0)
96R&(<!$#3#.#f!$'.#
(!$#3*I@
s ) eN  H}p  '& &'&D" ) Hzp ) {8xyHzq(h_sAexyHzq(h '1M53C%.C*8
A
H
s e e Htp e {xyHz(q h"sAeNxyH}q(h
e W
p9-=(*  3&
&$6c!0"BXg!UM/:< =3
&(/K1%. 3)W1+ 9:9!$)W%#3)
*N+2CF iF Ae=&(-E!U1XHNm&()
)WX~.#3C

&(4-2+XMSI((h*@jp9-<% &('.!$'3#33+ 3;6>&&)


3E!$#6>U!$+  <!0 <* + 3)b!$+ *CF6> &)C.!$+d!Y24)P!0KN3)F)\#33q(#33-&1&1C
2+ 3)P!0+ 3&(A@J&(1+ 31&=6>I!0+ 2
!$2bC3 82+ 3C]234! )
33)F)FBXC 8* 3%+ 3&S#34(+2-D%2&18C2SC28 3'.C
3 &4(-* +XM1HA=&(-.!UN!0-E!$)W9e I(hHA!0C`:/* 
+2-2I!U6>+2F+  U!$+ *C!0)5#3+ }BX(!U#3Cb&()W3E!$#3I@ q1&$:9
(!$#3*3k!T+2 +32+d!08e>!0k32+d!089+ -.!$+;C/+2&<'.9#!0'E*#*CEh;!$ 934&(2CAHr w fHU+2-MFC&=&(+;%E!0 + 383%E!0+ 3+ -
%2&NC8+I@ [ 58U!$ T&$6A* &F&N8*8 28*96>&! #!0'E*#E(!0#g!0C
!T6>I!0+ 29(!$#3(H:9 T+ -l
 &  !$?+ -9%2&('E!0'3#3+XM1H
:9-2 3;+ -<1)5'.;&$6j +d!08U@T+ -9!$%% &1!$8"-/!0 9%.&(2 3'#3(H 8"-P!0; 34k!$%#f!08  ;#!U:&$6j 8*8 23&(
&(T 34
!F'.+"!5%2&e =&1&1CDU((H +23q`I((h*@ [ b+ -* 5!$%%2&N!08d-IH.+ -% &'E!$'#33+XMF6>&
J 88* 2 ! 6>+ *
 &1h e  11hH.:9-* q
 b!$C !0 F+ -F%E!$"!$)W+ 2<&06/+ -F'.+d!6>8+ 3&(@=p9-
 +2 f!$#3<3=2+ 3)P!0+ CS!$+5e
)
& +98&)
)W&(
8"-&38k3T+ &
2+ b!$C +2&
&(HA!0CS2+ 3)P!0+ 345+ -k%2&('E!0'3#3+XMb!$Fe
 \Uh e  hH.:9-38"-S3
A!0%#f!$8  9#f!U:&062882 3&(@

$ ;/96m !;
-*S8&()W%E!$234 !F%.!$39&$6/!$#34&( 3+2-)
UH1:/:93#3#j%2 1+!$8*8d!08MS2 #3+2<6R&(9I!08d-J!$#34(& 3+ -)&(SI!08"-SCE!$+"!$2+I@
[ +<3T8 3+ 38I!0#;+ &5C 2+d!$C`+ -E!0+<&(c!$8*8d!08MS2 #3+2 !0 '.!$ *CQ&Q!5+21BR6>&(#3Cb8 & LB7(!0#3CE!0+ 3&(H'+T+ -E!0+<+2-3
82&( LB7(!0#3C.!$+ 3&S3 !0S3C%.C1+k&+ =#3&1&(%S&06g8* &(2XBX(!$#33CE!$+23&(AH.&+<+ -5d!$)Wk!$=+2-53UHj %.I!0+ C~E("B
6>&#C 8 & XBX(!$#33CE!0+ 3&(S+2-E!$+=3!W%E!$2+c&06/+ -F6>I!$+2 52'2+ *#*8+ 3&(D!0#34(&(23+ -)WI@=; 13&( #3MNH 2I!$28d- 5-E!U
 *%E& + *CQ!$88*d!08M
2 #3+26> &)+2-<398 & LB7(!0#3CE!0+ 3&(5#3&1&(% (28"-
 * #3+ <!0 =&(%+ 3)
3 +238I!$#3#3M='f!$ *CP!$CP!$2
!F '+ #3=)
I!0&$6+2d!04k&P+2-=+ 2+<2+I@
Tb %.&(2+ C\!$88*d!083Q!$2S+ -Q)WI!$&$6k+2-S+ * !088"!$83W6>2&() + *1B>6R&(#3C]8 & XBX(!$#33CE!0+ 3&(A@`Q!0#3 &
 -&$:,+ -k2+d!$CE!$2CQC*Nf!0+ 3&(S&06/+ -5)
I!0A@<p;&WC+ * )
3F:9-+2-+2-5C}lj 85'E*+X:/*`+X:/&S!$#34&( 3+2-)
3
 34}~E8I!$1+&(;&(+UH$:9 %.&(2++ -%1BX(!$#3UH$:9-38"-k3C8U!$+ + -/%2&('E!0'3#3+XM=+2-E!$+;&(g!0#4&(2+2-);'.+ +2+2-E!$F+ -
&(+2-UH1:9- =+2-<(!0 f!$8*<&$6A+2-<+2 +93+ -=!U("!$4<(!$2f!$8T&$6A+2-<+X:&k!$#34&( 3+2-)
!$C
!& )b!$#1C3 +2 3'+2&
3c!0  )
CA@)W&(2c%.&$:X6>#A)
*+ -&1CS:&(#3Cb-E!U'E*Q+2&
8&C8*+ !%E!$32CS+XBX+ * +=6>&9I!$8"-J3 +"!$8F+ * + *CAH
&(6R&(I!$8"-b6>&#3CAH('+9+ -Y&$("!$#3#j%38+  =:/&#3C
&+98"-E!$4=)58"-A@
-(9:98&)
%E!0 +X:/&&)
& <!0#4&(2+2-)
UH g!$C r#H(:<4/+2-<+"!$'#39&06!$88d!$8**IH!$C5 -&$:]+X:&
'E!094(d!0%-U@gTY'E!$T4(d!0%-b -&$:9T+ -F!$'2&(#3+ =C}lj *8(H L# l$H3S!$88*d!083!$Cb+ - 8*&(CJ'E!$94d!0% -&$:9c+2-)WI!$S!$8*8d!08MJC}ln285C13CCb'1Mb+ -F +"!$C.!$ CJC1f!$+23&(AHr fw fHAe #   h $2+ C1BXCA@T-*S+ -
#34+ -5&$6A+2-<'.!$ &(5+2-9 +"!$C.!$ CmB7C*Nf!0+ 3&(58"-E!0 +9!$ T-34(-*+ -E!05+X:/&.H(+2-<2 #+2g!0 T 34(}~E8U!$1+/!$+?+ -=(
8&1~EC85#3(#X@<&)
%E!0 3 &9:93#3#j4(*d!$#3#3Mb'EF)P!0C= 8"-J+ -E!0+ # 3<+2-k!0#4&(2+2-) % &%E& C"2+<%2&<+2&
+ -c8*&()
%.!$ 32&(Qe+ - 
: 5!$#34&( 3+2-)Ph!0C  393+ -*c!Y +d!0CE!0 CS!$#34(& 3+ -)QH$28"-Q!$<.@ H(&9+ -Y% 13&(
%2&(%.&( *C!0#34(&(23+ -)J@E -
+2-='E!$3/!$'.&$(T2& # H(+2-=% &%E& CS!$#34&( 3+2-)QHU&(+ %.X6>& )W  H1:9-38"-5:/!$2
8&)
%E!0 34:93+ -@
-`:F %.&(2+k9 +2)W * #3+ UHA+2-2P!$2k3J3+ Y&$6g9  8&C
e&()W3N+ T&(=-&( dh &(`!Pm
1%E!0 85IY6R&(9!F 34(#3T+ d!031B7+2 +T Z1*8(@
9L



2 !Uj2\
(T !g,S; U

IT  "TT

p9-T 3)
%#32+; I!0 8"-
+28"-3Z1<3-3#3#}B78*#3)F'34EHU!$#3 &=8I!0#3#*C54( *CM5 U!$ 8"-W&(2+ %.2+c!$281+I@?p!$'#39=C28 3'.
+ -<!$#34(& 3+ -)JH":9-38"-kK1%E!0C;+ -98 21+&1C<!0C)
&$A+2&=+ -8"-3#CF:93+ -+2-9-34(- +!$8*8d!08M1H(+2 )W.!$+ 34
I

p!$'#3=;\-3#3#}B78#33)F'34= I!0 8"-Q!$#34&( 3+2-)


@9j+



33+ f!$#. +"!$+ @

@ ;K1%E!$C

!$%%#3M
!0##j&%E*d!$+2&(2<+ &

H4134

 98d-#3C2A@

@<%%#3M5+2-(!0#.!$+ 3&F6>8+23&( b+ &5U!$8"-S8"-3#3C&$6 @

.@9j+ 2H\+2-8"-3#3C:93+ -W-34(-* +<*(!$#3E!$+23&( e<h*@


@ [ 6 e RhGu e h9+2-
@99+2 

  4&(+ &5@

:9-b&58"-3#3C
3)W% &$/&$9+ -c8* 21+c&NC(@
p!$'#3<5!$Ci34( <F!$CSY -&$:\!Y8&()W%E!$22&(5&06 [ k!0C =!$3(B79!UM(UH'.&(+2-
:93+ -S!$C
:93+ -&+?6>I!$+2 
 ' +T #38*+ 3&(A@?p!$'#3k!0CSi4 5!0C`IY -&$:+ -F!U("!$4(=1)5'.&$6A6RI!$+2 =2CW6>&(9U!$8"-Q!$#34&( 3+2-)
e>!Ud!04(Cb&$9+ -=+2b6>&#C/:9-*S #3(!01+dh@;p9-<6R&(#3#3&$:94c&' * (!$+23&(98I!0b'E)b!$C

i&/+2- U!$#AC.!$+d!0 +2c!0C [ H1+ -392)W%#39(2 3&(b&066RI!$+2 2'2+<2#38+ 3&S% &$13C<!F24(#!0 3I!0+ 3&(
)
8"-E!03 )QHU:9-38"-5 *C89+2-<(!0 f!$8<&06n+2-c!0#4&(2+2-)e =)b!$F+g!0#X@I(H0c&-E!U1n `&(#3%. +TI((h*@
/M`-3C346>I!$+2 *56>2&() [ H!  )P!0#3#*c+2  F4(2&$:9A@Jp9-3k+XM1%.b&$6< *4(#f!$23I!$+2&D3FC}ln21+5+ -E!0
% 4EH:9-38d-`3k!0&(+2-24(#!0 3I!0+ 3&(J)
+2-&1CAH'E8U!$2
3+34(#3&'E!$#X=!W6>I!0+ 2
33+ -%2 1+5&
!$'21+IH:9- k!09% 34k3<!Y#3&N8U!$#j&(%."!$+ 3&A@;<92-&$:9bbp!$'#=k!0CSi4 *<5!$CJIH1+2-1)5'.
&$6;6>I!0+ 2<2#38+ *C`92)P!0##.8&)
%E!0 Cb+ &5+2-F&( 34.!$#. +!$CP8*&()
%.!$ *CP+2&5+ -& 2#38+2C`'1M [ @i&
[ H(+2-c!Ud!04(=!$88d!$8*M
382I!$296>2&()$.@(  + &5(@  bH$:9-8"-W!
U@   #f!$+23(<2C8*+ 3&(b35+ -
 2&(<"!$+2(@;p9-k!088"!$8MW}6>&(2)
#3MF)W% &$;6>&<!$#3#. I!0#ACE!0+d!$2+ U@
i&+ -S!0 + }~E8*!0#/C.!$+d!0 +2
!$C [ H;+ -b +2&(2M`FC}lj 1+U@`<#3#+ -S!$2+ }~E8f!0#/CE!0+d!0 +2IH*KN8*%+ b&q
1&(#3(T-34(-1BX&(2C<31+ *d!$8*+ 3&(U@ [  + -8*&( "!$#;CE!0+d!$2+IH!U6>+2<+2-8&  *#!0+ C 6>I!0+ 2k3T8d-&( *AHj&524(#3
!$CC3+2&
&06!Y6>I!0+ 2:93#3#j#U!$C
+2&
!$b3)
%2&$()W1+IH$2&
+2-=-3##}BX8#33)5'4=%2&18 =2+ &(%<+ &1&5I!0 #3M 1 3)
3#f!$
 8.!$ 3&-E!$%%EJ:93+ -J+ -F&(+2-k!0 +2~.8f!$#;CE!$+"!$2+ UHA:9-* 
!$CC34P! 34(#3Y6>I!0+ 2 !0+ !W+2)W=C&1&+
-#3%A@ [  &)
;8I!$2IH 8d-5!$ FBX&$6fBB UB UBIH b&(qm B7#3&18I!0#7HU!$C b&(qHI* &T6>I!0+ 2;:/* 98"-&(2AH$8U!$24
+ -=%2C38+ 3&P+2&5'EY+ -=)P!"&(2+XMF8#f!$293C%.C*N+T&$6+ - !0+ +2 3'+2c(!0#3I@
p9-=8&(8*%+96R&( b&q3

e !$8"q+XBX8&(#3&
 H\4(2Q!0Cb-&(#3C34*H\ 
: &(2CEh9&
e !08"q(+LB78&#3&(*H,
~ '# !0C
'.&1CMB72-E!$%.YH ~ N& 8*+d!$4&(Eh

!$CW+ -=+ "!$3342+98&N+"!$39a)


32#!0'E*##3CF3 +"!$8*I@?p9-T6>I!$+2 =2' *+< *#*8+ 3&(b!$#34(& 3+ -)Z138"q1#3M
~EC;'.&NCM(BX -.!$%.<!$C !$8"q+XBX8&(#3&IH$:9-38"-+2&(4(*+ -?MN3#3CF+ - *8&(C58*&("8+ 3&k3F+ -<!0'E&$K1% *  3&AH
:9-38d-W-E!$<!088"!$8Mb(@ b@j3+ -W)
& 6>I!0+ 2IH.!#f!0 4(*9+  *c39'#3+:9-8"-W9316R 3&(U@Ap9-3<!$&+ -*
K!$)
%#9&06+ -=&(%+ 3)P!0#16>I!0+ 2 ' +T'E345Clj21+<+ -.!$b+ -=2' *+c&062#3(!$1+6>I!0+ 2I@
i&9+ -2I!$#CE!$+"!$2+ =!$C =
 !$3(B79!UM(UH+2-k!U(*d!$4!$88d!$8*MS3<!$'.&(+9"!$)
H1'+< MW6>*:6>U!$+  !$2
 C@

i&P+2-D!$2+ }~E8f!0#cC.!$+d!0 +2Q!$C =!$3("BX9!UM(UH=+ -D!Ud!04(`!$88d!$8*M\C4("!$C*S'E*8I!$2D&06 8& "!$#k!0C


FBX&$6fBBL BL BUbef+2-
2#f!$+ 3k2 &k382I!$2F'NM`@ 5h@F/&+ -`&06g+2- W Z132P!W'E*+ + *5 I!0 8"-D+2-E!$J-3#3#
8#3)5'48I!$ % &$13C(@9TS31+ 2 +24P&' * (!$+23&(b3<+ -=67!$8*+<+ -.!$+<+2-F%EL6>&(2)P!08&P+2- b&(q5!0C
b&(q B7#3&18I!$#1CE!0+d!0 +2/3)
% &$(*23)
%#3M<'1MF-3C34!$#3#16>U!$+  UH6>&(2834 c!$3"B79!UM(*+ &% C38+?+ -T)P! "&XB
+XM58*#!0 U@;p9-=C%.C8k!$2 )W%+ 3&
3/2&k3E!0%%2&(%2!0+ 6>&(+ -39CE!0+d!0 +9+2-E!$+3+/39'.+ +2<+2&k%2C38+
+ -=)P!"&(2+XMF8#f!$2I@

i&+ - <CE!0+d!0 +UH;'E&+ -!0#34(&(23+ -)W< *#*8+ C]&#3M6RI!$+2 5&+&06kI(@


-3#5+2-
2#38+2C] +
C}ln2CAH396>U!$+  T:/2=+ -=d!0)
(H13C8U!$+ 34Y+ -E!0+/+2- Y3!$ =828f!$#.6R&('E&+ -b+XM1%E9&063C8 U@
I

p!$'#3=E;a8&()W%E!$23 &(W&$6 [ 5!0C c!0"BXg!UM<:93+ -S!Y6>U!$+  2' *+c2#38+2&S:9d!0%%.I@p9- LBLi; 5 
K
3C38I!0+ <!0!0#34(&(23+ -)392b:9+2-W6>I!$+2 Y '2+<2#38+2&A@p9-T~E 2+<%1BX(!$#j8*&(#3)
53C8U!$+ *<+ -% &'E!$'#33+XM
+ -.!$+6>I!0+ 2= '2+<2#38+2&De>i;h)W% &$ [ 5!$C
+ -c28&CS8&#)
53C38I!0+ 9+2-%2&('E!0'3#3+XMF+ -E!0+<i;
3)
%2&$( c!$3"B79!UM(*I@
%1B7(!0# c!03("BXg!UM
<?BLi; %1BX(!$#
!$+"!$ *+
[
[ UB i;
'2I!$2+<8I!08
$.@  @ 0E@ @
@(
@( @ (@ @
@
8#3
(@  @ @$ @
(@(
@( @ (@ @
@3U
82K
@U @ @( (@
(@(
@3I @ (@ (@
@
<
(@ 0 @ 0E@( @
(@(
@$ @ $E@ @
@
-&  B78&#38
@  @ @3I (@3
@$
@( @ (@3U @
@
;3)P!
(@  @ @( @
@(
@( @ $E@0 @
@
 38"qB7*+ -1M1 &C
(@  @ @( @
@(
@$ @ (@ @
(@
 &$M1'.I!$mB7#f!$24(
(@  @ @( (@3
@(
(@( @ (@ (@3
@
8& d!0#
I@( @ @( @
@(
@( @ (@ @
@
I FBX&$6BB UB UBI
@  @ @$ (@
@(
@ N @ (@0 (@
@
( b&qj
(@ . @ @( @3
@(
(@( @ (@ @3
@
I b&qUBX#&18I!0#
(@ . @ @3I @
@(
@( @ (@3U @
(@
I b&q
(@  @ @3I @
@3I
(@( @ (@3U @
@
 b&q
(@  @ @( @
(@(
@( @ (@ @
@
<d!04(2I!$#X
$.@ 
@(
(@0
@(
<d!04(k!0 +26"@
(@ 
@ N
(@
@ N

Acc ID3-HC-FSS minus ID3 (abs acc)

s.d. ID3-HC-FSS minus ID3 (s.d.)

5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

2.5

Dataset #

-5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Dataset #

-2.5
-10

-5

-15

-7.5

-20

-10

-25

-12.5

i34(2  [ ;<' &(#3+2=C}ln28be>i;W)W1 [ h3P!$8*8d!08M`ef#3"6>+"h9!$Cb3


2+ C1BXC1Fef 34-N+"h@
Acc

s.d.

NB-HC-FSS minus NB (abs acc)

NB-HC-FSS minus NB (s.d.)

2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Dataset #

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
-2

-5

-4
-10
-6
-15

i34(2  =
 !$3(B79!UM(U;<'2&(#3+2C}ln* 8*3!088"!$8M`e#6>+dh9!0C
3b +2C1B7C1kef234(-1+dh*@


Dataset #

Features No. of features for dataset, ID3, ID3-HC-FSS


40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5

10

11

12

13

14

Dataset #

i34(2P [  <)5'.&06/6RI!$+2 53`& 34(3E!0#C.!$+d!0 +bef#3"6R+dhH; C]'1M [ `e)


3CC#3Ih*HA!$C` #38+2C]'1M`-3##}B
8#33)5'34T6>I!0+ 2  ' +T #38+23&(De 34(-1+dh*@;p9- <\-E!0I( 6>I!0+ 2ke&(+92-&$:9Eh*@
Features
40

No. of features for dataset, NB-HC-FSS

35
30
25
20
15
10
5

10

11

12

13

14

Dataset #

i34(2PU c!0"BXg!UMI<)5'.T&$66>U!$+  =3S&(234(3E!$#CE!$+"!$2+5ef#3"6>+"hc!0CS2#38+ *CD'1Mb-3##}BX8#33)k'34 6>I!$+2 


  ' +T #38*+ 3&(De 34(-1+"h@

p!$'#3=;p9-1)5'.&$66>I!$+2 *<3b+ -=CE!0+d!$2+IH.+2-=N)5'E2CS'1M [ Wef 38*3+9C&1<2&()


6>I!0+ 2 ' +
 *#*8+ 3&(.hHj+2-1)5'.<2#38+ *CQ'1MW6>I!0+ 2k2' *+c2#38+2&eRi;h6>&( [ HE!$CS+ -F1)5'.9 #38*+ C`'1MSi;
6>& c!0"BXg!UMI@ T)5'E* :93+ -&(+k!WC*83)P!$#?%E&1+k!0 F6>& 34#35 UH;1)5'E*:93+ -`!bC83)b!$#%.&(31+k!$2
!U(*d!$46>&9+ -=+ *1B>6R&(#3Cb8 & XBX(!$#33CE!0+ 3&(A@
<)5'.9&06iI!$+2 
!$+"!$ *+
<234(3E!$# !0+d!$2+ [ [ BLi; <?BLi;
'2I!$2+<8I!08
I
@3
@
.@
8#3
I (@
@
@
82K
I U@
@
@
<
I(

(
(
-&  B78&#38
( U@
@
.@
;3)P!

@
@
@
 38"qB7*+ -1M1 &C
(
*

 &$M1'.I!$mB7#f!$24(
( @
I@
I@
8& d!0#

I FBX&$6BB UB UBI
I
U

( b&qj

I b&qUBX#&18I!0#
I
*

I b&q

 b&q

p9-F 2#3+ IH.2%E*8f!$#3#3MP&S+ - !0 + }~E8*!0#jCE!$+"!$2+ =:9-2k:q1&$:\:9-E!0+<+2- *#*(!$1+96>U!$+   !$2(H.3C38I!$+2


+ .- !$++2-56>U!$+  5 ' +52#38+2&D3=4(+2+ 34S2+ 8"qD!0+#3&N8U!$#)b!$K13)
!F+ &1&S&$6R+ A@Wp9-WK1+ * 8+ 3&(CI!0#Y:9+23)
%2&$14c+2-2I!$28d- 4(3@
9

,\Z  \Z 9,S; U

T  "TT

 +LB>~E2 +2I!$28"-eR92 #3#/ <& 134SI(H =3 '.24QI(h93c!)


&(2= &(' +T)
+2-&1CS+ -E!0S-3#3#}B78#33)F'34E@?p9-
3CI!b3F+ &S2#38+5+2-
)W&( +=%2&()W234b&1C
:5-E!U(W4(d!0+ C & 67!$+2-E!$+F-E!0&(+5!$#32I!$CMJ'.]K1%E!$CCA@
p!$'#3=C* 82'.=+ - !0#34(&(23+ -)JH$:9-38"-
(!$23/2#34-1+ #3MF6> &)+ -c2+d!0CE!$2Cb(2 3&(W'E8U!$2k+2- Y&FK1%#3383+
4(&1!$#j8&C3+ 3&P3W&(T% &'#3)Q@/* +XBR~E2 += I!0 8"-J E!0#3#M5+2 )W3E!$+29%.&(b I!08"-34
+2-4(&1!$#X@;<<%2&('#3) 3
!$F&(%+ 3)
3I!0+ 3&(=%2&('#3)JHI2&+ -9 I!0 8"-
8I!05'E92+ &%%E*CP!$+!0NMY%E&1+!$C5+ -9'. + &#3+ 3&( 6>&(C5 &T67!$?8I!$F'E
 *+ 2Cef+2-& +28U!$#3#3MP3)W% &$134F&$(T+ 3)
Ih*H+2-Nc)b!$q134F+=!$Q!01MN+23)
c!0#34(&(23+ -)ef&1CCMQ I!$I((h*@
[ S%"!$8+238(H:/F)5 +92+ &%Q+2-k2`!$+<2&()W +"!$4(HA!$C :/F F:9-E!0+<:k8I!0#3#! ;= '4 6
a;/f4|:A'  }6/:k-E!U&+
6>&C`!$`3)
%2&$(C &1C53Q+2-5#f!$ 
+ SK1%E!0 3&IH;:k+2 )W3E!$+2k+2-
2I!$28d-@
T`)W% &$CS&1C53C"~EC
!$F!b&1C5:93+ -`!$D!088"!$8M`2+ 3)P!0+ 3&(J!$+#3I!0 
+ Y-34(-*+ -E!0Q+2-
'.2+k&F6>&(C` &b6X!$I@ [ `+ -6>&(#3#3&$:934
K1%. 3)
*N+2IH 5:9!$9 *+<+ &F~.(!$Cb% 3#3&(
:9!$<@3 b@
-3#3'. +LB>~E2 +2I!$28"-Q3c!)
& 4"!$#; I!0 8"-J+ 8"-3Z1(H+T3<&+c&'1N3&9+ -E!0+<3+<3T'E+2+  6>&(6>I!$+2 
 ' +F *#*8+ 3&(@k8I!0 W&$69+ -F'f!$LB7(!0 f!$8k+2d!0C&$l\e =*)P!$b+F!$#X@;I(H.=&(-E!U1`&#%.2+ U((hH.3+=3
%.&( 23'#3c+2-E!$+9!Y)
&(2<4"!$#j U!$ 8"-S:93#3#.8 I!0 =+ -c(!0 f!$8c!0Cb+ -19 *C8+2-!$88*d!08MN@T3#f!0Qe U((h
!$C b2+ -1M!$#3'.24e I(h= -&$:C]K!$)W%#3F:9- b382I!$234`+ -b2I!$28d- "ln& +5C*4(d!0CC]+ -P&$d!0#3#
%.X6>& )b!$8@
p!$'#3/=!$C i34(29(9!$C
IT -&$:D!<8*&()
%.!$ 32&(&06 [ <!$C =!$3("BX9!UM(UH$'E&+ -F:93+ --3#3#}B78*#3)5'346>I!$+2 
 ' +T #38*+ 3&(S!$C
'. +LB>~E2 +T I!0 8"-b6>I!0+ 2= '2+9 *#*8+ 3&(@p!$'#3=2-&$:9/+2-!U("!$4<1)5'./&06A6>U!$+  
2CF6>&(I!$8"-
!0#4&(2+2-)e>!U(*d!$4CF&$(;+ -9+ Y6>&(#3C;:9-*k2#3(!$1+dh*@Ap9-6>&(#3#3&$:934/&' * (!$+23&(;8I!0k'.9)P!0C(

i&+2- I!0#ECE!0+d!0 +2/!$CF'.&(+ -5!$#34&( 3+2-)


e [ =!0C =!$3(B79!UM("hH$+2-2<3!$#3)
& +j&=C}lj 8='E+X:
-3##98*#3)5'34`!$C'.2+XBR~E 2+S I!0 8"-A@a/* +XBR~E2 +S2I!$28d-2E!$#3#3M`~ECS!J#!0 456>U!$+  J '2+IHT'+W+ -
!$88d!$8** !0 !$%% &$K13)P!0+ #3MF+ -"!$)W(@p9-Y&(#3M5 +"!$+22+ 38I!0##3MW 34(}~E8U!$1+9C}ln* 8*k36>&c!$3"B79!UM(*
!$CW &$M1'EU!$AH:9- Y+ -2:9!$<!F 34}~E8I!$1+3)
%2&$()W1+:93+2-!F%mB7(!0#<&$6@(@

i&+2-c!0 +2~.8f!$#CE!0+d!0 +2IH1+ - T!< MF#f!$24(93)


%2&$()W1+.6>&( [ @L6>&(2)P!08Cd!0 + 38I!0#3#MY)W% &$
&(D+2- *PC.!$+d!0 +2Sef8& "!$#XH b&qj(H b&qUBX#3&N8U!$#fhH )b!$3+2-bd!0)
5&(+X:/&eFBX&$6BB UB UBIH b&q(h*H
I

p!$'#3c;p9-='E* +XBR~E2 += I!0 8"-Q!0#4&(2+2-)


@9;+9+ -33+ f!$#2+d!0+ &P+2-= ,#33 +UH
9A= #32+  H1 ?1p  33+ f!$#. +"!$+ @

Ae <he4(+9+2-2+d!$+2T6> &) = \:93+2-P)b!$K13)


!$#e<h2h@

 =
@99)W&$( 6>2&()oc 
 kH.!$CC + &
9= @

@9j+

H!$24/)b!$K

.@ [ 6 e h Gu Ae ?1phH1+ -S 1p

@ ;K1%E!$Cbj!$%%#3M
!$#3#E&%E*d!$+2&(2<+ &5jH14134F  
 8"-3#3C @

@9i&/I!08"-S8"-3#CW&(+93W+ -k9= &<= \#33 +IH1*(!$#3E!$+2!$CS!$CC


+ &5+2-k= \#33 +U@
@ [ 6 1p\8"-E!$4(Cb3b+ -=#f!$2+ 5K1%E!0 3&(IH4&(+2& @
@99+2 b 1p@

p!$'#3=\8&()W%E!$22&(5&06!-3#3#}B78*#3)5'}4= I!0 8"-S!$Cb!'.2+XBR~E 2+c2I!$28"-A@p9-T~E2 +9%1BX(!$#.8&#)


53C38I!0+ + -
%2&('E!0'3#3+XMb+ -.!$+'. +LB>~.  +52I!$28"-`6>I!0+ 25 ' +52#38+ 3&ef9iNBLi;hY3)
%2&$(T-3#3#BX8#33)5'4F6>I!$+2 W ' +
 *#*8+ 3&(e c?B i;h?6>& [ 5!0C
+2- *8&(C 8&(#3)W5<!0E!$#3&4(&(/'+6>&( c!0"BXg!UMI@
%1BX(!$#
=!$3(B79!UM(
%mB7(!0#
!0+d!0 +
[
=?BLi; 9iNBLi;
c?B i; gi;B i;
' I!0 +T8I!$8* $.@ @
$.@  @
@ . (@ @ (@( @
@3I
8#3(
(@$ @
(@  @
@  (@ @ (@( @
@(
8 K
(@( @
(@  @
@  (@ (@ (@( @
@(
T
$.@( @
$.@  @
@  $E@ @ $.@( @
@(
-&(2 "BX8&(#338
(@3I @3
(@  @
@  (@3U @ (@ N @
@(
;3)P!
(@( @
(@  @
@  $E@0 @ (@3I @
@(
 38"q(BX+2-1MN2&(3C (@( @
(@  @
@  (@ @ (@( @
@(
 &$M1'EU!$1BX#f!$ 4 (@( @3
@  @
@  (@ (@3 (@( @
@(
8&(2d!$#
(@( @ U(@  @
@  (@ @ (@( @
@(
I FBX&$6fBBL BL BU (@$ @
(@ 0 @
@  (@0 (@ (@$ @
@(
( b&(qj
(@( @3
(@  @
@  (@ @3 (@( @
@3I
I b&(q B7#3&18I!$#
(@3I @
(@  @
@  (@3U @ (@3I @
@(
I b&(q
(@3I @
(@  @
@  (@3U @ (@3I @
@(
 b&(q
(@( @
(@  @
@  (@ @ (@( @
@(
<(*d!$4= I!0#7
(@(
@$
(@
(@(
<(*d!$4!$ +2}6d@
(@ N
@(
(@ 1
(@

Acc ID3-BFS minus ID3-HC (abs acc)

s.d. ID3-BFS minus ID3-HC (s.d.)

25

15

20

12.5
10

15

7.5
10

2.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Dataset #

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Dataset #

i34(2k( [ j<'2&(#3+2<C}lj 8


ef'.2+XBR~E 2+< U!$ 8"-bi5)
31;-3#3#}B78#33)5'}4ci;hb!$88*d!08MSef#3"6>+"h/!0C53
 2+ C1BXC1ke 3(4 -1+dh*@
s.d.

Acc NB-BFS minus NB-HC (abs acc)

NB-BFS minus NB-HC (s.d.)

15
4

12.5
10

7.5

2.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Dataset #

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Dataset #

-1

-2.5

iA34 5Ic!0"BXg!UMI;T' &#+ =C}ln* 8*k3P!088"!$8M`e#6>+dh9!0CbW +2C1B7C1kef234(-1+dh*@

p!$'#3=;p9-1)5'.&$66>I!$+2 *<3b+ -=CE!0+d!$2+IH.+2-=N)5'E2CS'1M [ Wef 38*3+9C&1<2&()


6>I!0+ 2 ' +
 *#*8+ 3&(.hH+2-1)5'. #38+2CJ'NM5-#3#}BX8#3)5'4ci;6>&( [ H1'E2+XBR~E 2+<2I!$28d-JiW6>&( [ H!0CS!$E!0#&4(& #3M
6>&
 c!$3"B79!UM(*I@
<)5'.9&06iI!$+2 
!$+d!0 +
<234(3E!$# [
TB i;
[ BLi;
CE!$+"!$2+
= gi; c gi;
'2I!$2+<8I!08
I
@3
@
@
E@
@
8#3
I (@
@
@
@3
@
82K
I U@
@
@
(@
@
<
I(
(
(
(
(

-&  B78&#38
( U@
@
@
E@
@
;3)P!

@
@
@
@
.@
 38"qB7*+ -1M1 &C
(


 &$M1'.I!$mB7#f!$24(
( @ I@ I@ U@ I@
8& d!0#

I FBX&$6BB UB UBI
I
I

( b&qj

I b&qUBX#&18I!0#
I


I b&q

 b&q

!$CJC4d!$C&(J&(#Mb&Se b&q(h*@<.!$#3M134
+2-5 #38*+ C6>I!$+2 *IH+ -5&%+ 3)P!0#j6>U!$+  F '2+F:g!0
6>&(CS6>&=8&(2d!$#XH b&(qnH &(qUBX#3&18I!$#XHj!$C &(qJef&#3MS+X:/&W6>U!$+  F&(+=&06g+2-
+2- W #3(!01+c&
:/2k2#38+2C`6>& b&q5'.8I!0 5+2-3c8*&( 28+2#MJ#3CS+2&
'.+ +2k% C38+23&(Q!088"!$8Mh@Fp9-F3)
%2&$()5*N+
&$( [ F:93+ -&+9i`efp!$'#TNh39#3 TCd!0)P!0+ 38<'+9 + 3#3#A%.&(23+ 3((;+2-k!0' &#+ =C}ln* 8*k3S!$88*d!08M
<@ N bH0:9-38d-b+2d!$ #f!$+2<31+ &5!2#f!$+2= 2&(<2C8*+ 3&(S&06gU@ b@
p9-= I!0 8"-b:g!0/.!$'#3<+2&F~ECW+ -= *(b *#*(!$1+6>I!0+ 293 FBX&$6BB UB UBI@;/*8I!$2&$6;+ -=8&)
%#3K13+XM
%E.!$#3+XM`&$6@3  6>&(FK1+ "! 6>I!$+2 *IH&(#3M`2' *+ 
&06<+X:/& 6>I!0+ 25: S+2 3CAH!$C 8"-] ' +2
*(
)W% &$CS&$+ -
)P!"&(2+XMb%2C38+2&^e4&(234S!$#3#;6>I!0+ 2dhY'."6>&(2
+2-
2I!$28d-:g!08& 3C2C] +"!$#3
e3~Ek&1BX)W% &$134F&1C5K1%E!0 3&(dh@Fp9-F#3&18I!$#)b!$K13)
!3J+ -3=CE!0+d!$2+=3c+2&1&P#f!0 4(Y6>&c+2-F8 21+
 +2+ 34b&$6'. +LB>~E2 +2I!$28"-`+ &
&$ 8*&()
@<a %.8}~E85K1%. 3)
*N+T:g!0=8&(C8+ *CQ+2&PC+ 2)
3-&$:\#&4
+:&(#3C5+d!0q(='. +LB>~E2 +T I!0 8"-b+ &Y~ECb+ -=8& 28+96RI!$+2 = ' +U@p9-=2+d!$#3=#33)
3+/e&( 34.!$#3#3M +9+2&F~E(Uh
:g!0/382I!$2CS1+2#j!F&1CT'E+2+ T+ -E!0b+ -=&1C=24k* &F6>I!0+ 2IH.!$Cb%2C38+24k+2-=)P! "& 3+XMF#!0'E*#
(!$#3(H:g!06R&(C@;p9-T~E 2+9 +d!0#3< *+ + 345+2-E!$+&$(* 8I!0)
<+2-=#3&N8U!$#.)P!$K13)5)\:9!$9(We>!0NM51)5'./!0'E&$
:/&#3CPC&Nh@T9+=+ -3T +2+ 34EH!5&1C:93+2-S+ -2F6>I!0+ 2T6> &)o+ -F *(J396>&CS+2-E!$+TT)
& k!088"!$+ 
+ -E!0
)P!"&(2+XM1@ <3=)
& 9&1C=K1%E!0 3&/#3I!0C
+2&5+ -T8&(2 8+T6>U!$+  = ' +U@/T("!$#3#XHEU(Y&1C9: 
(!$#3E!0+ CS&+<&06+ -bI$5%.&( 23'3#3+2*I@9p9-Y+ &(+"!$#; 345+ 3)Wc+2&5~ECS+ -F8&  *8+=6>I!0+ 2k2'2+=:g!0
(F9 )
31+ *IH!$C
+ -% *C38+ 3&(S!088"!$8Mb:9!$I b@
[ + - b&(qCE!$+"!$ *+IH$!92+;&$6+ -2?6>I!$+2 *:2/8"-& AH!$Ck!088"!$8MY 34(}~E8U!$1+ #3M<C4("!$CCF8&)
%E!0 C
+ &<-#3#}BX8#3)F'34.H :9-38"-2#38+ *C5+ -*)
%+XM6>I!$+2  ' +U@;p9-3A3A+2-&(#3M<234(}~E8I!01+!$8*8d!08MC}lj *8
:9- =%.X6R&( )b!$8*<C4d!0CCb'E*8I!$2'. +LB>~E2 +T I!0 8"-S:9!$ C`e%1B7(!0#3<&06@(h@p9- b&(qY8&(8%+
Y+ -38&1C34=; 3+d!0'#36R&(;C832&k+2 *IH!$!T8&  *8+/+2 Fef'#3+6> &),+ -6>##12%E!$8Uh8&1+d!$3;1(
&1C!$CJ((F#3I!UI@T8I!$ 5+ - +"!$CE!0 CJ+ "!$3345 *+c8*&(1+d!0<&(#MJI53 +"!$8*IHj3+TT3)
%.&( 23'#3
+ &5'3#3C
+2-=8&(2 8*+c+2 Y 34F+ -Y +d!0CE!0 Cb 8* 2k%.!$ +23+ 3&(34Y+ 8"-3Z1U@

i&+ -=!$2+ }~E8f!$#CE!$+"!$ *+ IH1+2-2c:9!$!= 34(~.8I!$1+3)


% &$(*)
1+.6>& c!0"BXg!UM/&#3M=6>&8&(2d!0#ef%1BX(!$#3
&$6g@((h*HN!0C
%.L6>&(2)P!$8<24}~E8I!0N+2#3M5C4("!$C*C
6R&( b&(qjFef%1BX(!$#3T&$6@3Ih@jp9-=2 +T&$6+2-=CE!$+"!$2+ 
:/2E! ln*8+ C@
    j!$C`+2-
p9-58"-&(2J6>I!0+ 25 '2+Y6>&(=8& d!0#8&N+"!$3CJ6RI!$+2 
 8*&( 2#f!$+2C b6>U!$+  (@
[ +99q1&$:9b+2-E!$+9&#3M5+ -=~.  +6>&(<!$ =*CCAH.M+<'.8I!0 F&$6;+ -#33)
3+2C5 % 21+d!$+23&(S%.&$:/*<&$6;+ -
c!$3"B79!UM(*IH$%.X6R&( )b!$8*/234=+ - 8& 2#f!$+ *C =6>I!0+ 293'.+2+ +2-E!$F%.X6>& )b!$824c&#3M=+ -~E2 +
6>&(6>I!$+2 *I@ [ 
6 c!0"BXg!UM/34(3(*
!$88* <&#3Mk+2&k+2-T~E 2+6R&(?6>I!0+ 2IH+ -!$8*8d!08M
C4("!$C6R &()
(@  + &(@  b@jp9-;CE!0+d!0 +3;&(9K!$)
%#?:9- 9+2-9&(%+ 3)P!0#$6>I!0+ 29 ' +?6>&(;C}lj *N+?C8+2&
!$#34(& 3+ -)WA3qN&$:95+ &'.=C}ln21+I@ 832&
+2 <!0 T-N +'NM5+2-c!0CC3+ 3&5&$6A+ - 8*&( 2#f!$+2C Y6>I!$+2 
ef%.X6>& )b!$8=C*4(d!0C"hHM+ =!$3(B79!UM(3)
%2&$(:93+ -W+ -36>I!0+ 2(@
p9- b&(qjTCE!$+"!$2+9C4d!$C93
%.X6>& )b!$8='.8I!0 +2-T6>I!0+ 29-I!0C1B72-E!$%.(H.'.&NCM(BX -.!$%.(H13XBX )
3#334EH
!$C !08"q(+LB78&#3&(=:/* 
8"-& H;M(+F%E*X6>& )P!0853'.+ +2F69&(#M!08dq+XBX8&#&=Y C@ <&(+2
+2-E!$+'.&(+2-I!$CmB72-E!$%.S!$C]'.&NCM(BX -.!$%.!0 b%E!0 +5&$6=+ -b+"!$ 4+58&8%+UH9M(*+k+2-S *% 21+d!0+ 3&(%.&$:5&$6 c!$3"B
g!UM=!04N!$3b#33)
3+ CS!0CS8I!0&(+=+23#3F+ -T316>&(2)P!0+ 3&(W:/#3#X@=<=:93+ -J+ - b&q5CE!0+d!0 +=6R&( [ H
+ -3;)P!UMT'E9!$FK!$)W%#3&$6E+2-9 U!$ 8"-5&$X~E+2+ 34=3+ -9 2<+2-E!$+; &)
2'2+ *)
;+ &=2#34-N+2#3Mc3)W% &$
+ -5!$88*d!08MQ* + 3)b!$+ 3&AH'+c&(+=+ -
!088"!$8MJ&( + -53C*%EC1++ * +2+
ef2
18*+ 3&(`6>&(6> +2-
C3 82 3&(b&P32 T&$6;&$(L~E+ +24Nh@
p9-kC.!$+d!0 +2 FBX&$6BB UB UBIH b&qUBX#&18I!0#XH &(qHj!0
C &(qHj!0##;-E!0CQ+2-Fd!$)Wk!$8*8d!08MJ:9+2-Q'.2+XB
~E 2+/2I!$28d-S!0/:93+ -5-#3#}BX8#3)F'34.@p9- b&(qYCE!$+"!$2+/8U!$&+/'.<3)W% &$Ck'1M5!$1MF&(+ -6>I!0+ 2< ' +U@
<:9+2- [ H(+2-<2I!$28d-W:g!0/E!$'#39+2&=~EC
!=4&1&NCF6RI!$+2 T '2+6>& FBX&$6fBB UB UBIe+ -T8&(2 8*+6>I!$+2 
 '2+/!0##3&$:9)W% &$1349+2-<!$88*d!08Mk+2&(@ 5h@Ai&(;+ - b&(q=!$C b&qUBX#3&N8U!$#(C.!$+d!0 +2IH1+2-9&(%+23)P!$#
6>I!$+2   '2+
353C*C+ -S)
%+XM` +  =!$3(B79!UM(5&]+ -S2+
&06 #3(!0N+F6RI!$+2 WM1*#C5m6> 3&
%EL6>&(2)P!08=+ &5!F)P! &( 3+XM3C8UHE:9-8"-W9-&$: =!$3("BX9!UM(9'.-E!U9&(b+ -c*)
%+XM52+<&06A6>I!0+ 2I@

-3#3k'.2+XBR~E 2+k2I!$28d-`43(='.+ +2k%.L6>&(2)P!$8k+2-E!$J-3#3#}B78#33)F'34EH1-34-1B7#3#;3N+2d!08+ 3&&1882 34b3


 BX&$6BB UB UBIJ8I!0&+
'.`8I!$4-1+
:93+ -^!2I!$28d-+ -.!$+b +"!$ +2Q!$+W+ -J)W%+XM6>I!$+2 J ' + #3  + -J +"!$#3
F
%E!0d!$)W+ *55Cd!$2+ 38I!0##3M8 I!0 C@^T^!$#3+2 E!0+ 3(S!0%% &1!$8"-AH:9-38"-] 1lj b#3256>2&()6>U!$+  S31+ "!$8+23&(AH
 +"!$2+ :93+ -5+2-6>#3#1 *+&$6.6>I!0+ 2 1-&$:IH+ -9234=+2)W:&(#3CF)P!$q+ -<!$%%2&N!08d-5316RI!$2'#?F%"!$8+28*(H
2%E8*!0#3#M5}6j+ -* !$2<)P!01M<6RI!$+2 U@p9-T 34+ 3)W6>&(+2-<'.2+XBR~E 2+9 I!0 8"-b +d!0 +24=6> &)+ -T)
%+XMY +
I

No features
Delete operator

One feature

Compound operator

Two features
Strongly Relevant
Features

Weakly

n/2

Relevant

features

Irrelevant

Relevant features
are either stongly relevant
or weakly relevant

All features

i34(2
Ip9-2+d!0+ F %E!08(@ [ 6?! 6>I!0+ 2 ' +=8&N+"!$3=!$S3 2#3(!$1+6>U!$+  (H.3+<3<3b+ -3  *#*(!$1+c!0 I!E}6
3+/8*&(1+d!0/&#3Mk2+  &4(#3M52#3(!$1+?6>I!$+2 *9+3/35+2-=8&(2c24(3& (&+ -* :93 (H3+/35+2-= #3(!01+/24(3&(@;p9-
C&+ + *C!0 2&$:9<3C38I!0+ <8*&()
%.&(C
&%E"!$+2&( U@
&$66>I!0+ 2<"!$4<6R &()!0'E&+<UBIY)
31+ *&$69 + 3)
6R&(9 )b!$#3#%2&('#3)W/28"-S!$ b&qj(H b&(qH b&(qH
!$CS8&(2d!0#7H+ &QU5-& T6>& <F@ [ S+ -FK1+= *8+ 3&(Hj:/5!$+2+ )W%+<+2&
2&(2C+2-k2I!$28"-Q2%E!$85CMN.!$)
38I!0#3#M
+ &
!0#3#&$:]+2-= I!0 8"-S+ &52I!$8"-S'.+2+ T&1C96X!$ +2c!0C
)b!$q<+ -c'.!$8"q1:g!0 CW6>I!0+ 2 ' +T #38+23&(W6>I!0 3'#3(@



F b 9 Q b


Q=Y

<j< fT$}c}19}==$d3$= $}k2E$f 012


3($5X$$

[ 5+ -<%21& 8+23&(AH1:9#3&N&q(C
!0++X:& I!0 8"-
*4(3U@ [ 
+2-3 8*+ 3&(AH1:9#3&1&(q5!$++2-<+2&(%.&(#3&(4M&$6j+ -T +"!$+ 
 %.!$8
!0CQCMN.!$)
38I!0#3#M5)W&1C}6>M53+c'.!$ *CQ&!088"!$8MJ +23)P!$+23&(b 2#3+ U@5<=%21& #3MSC 823'ECH;+ -F +"!$+ 
 %.!$8398&)
)W&(#3M=&(24N!$*CS 8d-b+2-E!$+9I!08"-S&1C= % 21+ k!Y6>U!$+  = ' +UHn!0CbI!$8"-S&%E*d!$+2&(92% * 1+ 
+ -!0CC3+ 3&`&(5C#3+23&(D&06 !6>I!0+ 2(@]p9-b)P!0J%2&('#3)_:93+2-+2-3k& 41!$3I!0+ 3&(`35+ -.!$+F+ -b U!$ 8"-)5 +
K1%E!0CSe r w fH04(*d!$+2<2882 & 9&$6h; MF&1C6>2&(),+2-933+ f!$#6>U!$+  9 ' +9+2-E!$+;3&k+2-9%E!$+2-5+ &+2-9'. +
6>I!0+ 2= '2+I@?p9-39 8*+ 3&(b31+  &1C8<!Y::g!UMF+ &F8"-E!$4=+ -= U!$ 8"-b %.!$8+2&(%.&(#3&(4Mk'1M582I!$+2345CM1E!$)W38
&(%."!$+ & T+ -E!0+9C3 8+2#3MP8*&(*8+<+2&5&1C<8*&(2C CJ%2&()
3244(3(*
+ -(!$#3E!0+ 3&(W&$6;+ -3T8d-#3C2A@?p9- 
&(%."!$+ & T'E+2+ T+ 3#33=+ -=316>& )b!$+ 3& !U(!0#f!0'#39W+ -Y(!$#3E!0+ Cb8"-3#3C @
p9-5)
&+ 3(!$+23&(56R&(=8&()W%E&CS&%E*d!$+2&(28&()WT6> &)i34(2PUW+ -E!0+c%.!$ +23+ 3&(=+2-F6>I!0+ 25 '2+ F31+ &
8& 6>I!0+ 2=ef +2 &4(#3MF #3(!0N+"hH$:I!0qN#3M2#3(!$1+;6RI!$+2 UHN!0C53 2#3(!$1+6>I!0+ 2I@?<F&(%+2)b!$#06>I!$+2 T ' +
6>&! -NM1%.&(+2- 32%E!$8*<3;#3q#3M+ &='.96>2&(),+2-9 *#*(!$1+;6>I!0+ 29 ' +=ef2+  &4(#3M5!$CF:I!$q1#3M *#*(!$1+;6>I!0+ 2dh*@
 'E!$8"q1:g!0 C#3)W3E!$+2&S U!$ 8"-] +"!$2+ 34 6> &)+2-W6>#3# +5&0696>I!$+2 *Se>!$5C%38+ *C3Di34(2QU(hF!$C+ -E!0+
 *)
&$(*&(6>I!0+ 2 !0+/!Y+ 3)
9!U6>+2K1%E!$C4k!$#3#.8d-#3C2
2I!$8"-E!0'#3<234&(<&(%."!$+ &IH1:93#3#E-.!U(9+ &FK1%E!0C
!$#3#1+ -98d-#3C2F&$6jI!$8"-5&1C9'."6>& 9 *)
&$134<!T 34(#3?6>I!0+ 2(@ [ 6n+2-2<!$ 
 3  *#*(!$1+6>I!$+2 */!$CF6RI!$+2 UH
e  .h&1C*)5 +;'.9(!$#3E!0+ C@13)W#f!0E2I!$2&(34k!0%%#33;+ &T6>& :9!$ CF *#*8+ 3&(52I!$28"-
 +"!$2+ 34T6> &),+2-9)
%+XM
 *+9&$6j6>I!0+ 2I@ [ WC&()b!$3;:9-2T6>I!$+2 T ' +92#38+ 3&
)
34-N+;'.<)W&( +? "6R#XH(+2- !0 <)b!$1M=6>U!$+  9'+
 8d-J!2I!$28d- )P!UMF'E% &(-'+23(#3MFK1%E 3((@
&()W%E&C=&(%.d!0+ & !0 &%E*d!$+2&(2+2-E!$+;!$2CM1E!$)W38I!$#3#3M/8* I!0+ Cb"z RwUxj+ -? +d!0CE!0 C2+;&$68"-3#C AHU82I!$+2C
'1M
+2-k!$CC!0CbC#3+2k&%E"!$+2&( UH.-E!U(='.S(!0#3E!$+2CA@p9-MS!$ Y C6>&(<!F24(#3=&1CK1%E!0 3&(S!0Cb+ -
(

0,0,0,0

1,1,0,0

1,0,0,0

0,1,0,0

0,0,1,0

0,0,0,1

1,0,1,0

0,1,1,0

1,0,0,1

0,1,0,1

1,1,1,0

1,1,0,1

1,0,1,1

0,1,1,1

0,0,1,1

1,1,1,1

i34(2*Ebp9-b2+d!$+2S %.!$8S2I!$28"-:93+ -DC&(+ +2C^!0  &$:953C8U!$+ 34J8&)


%.&(C`&%E*d!$+2&(2I@^i &) +2-b &1&(+ 
8"-3#3C H+ -c&NCkeRH3(HHh!$CJe>H H3(H(h;-.!$Cb+ -=-34- +9*(!$#3E!$+23&(
(!0#3IH6R&(#3#3&$:/C5'1MJe>HH H3Ih@
C3 8U!$ CCA@ [ 1+ 3+ 3#3MNH+ -253c)W&(2c316R&( )b!$+2&
3J+ -F(!$#3E!0+ 3&(b&06g+2-k8"-3#3C2Q+2-E!$"2+=+ -F&1CF:9+2+ -<)P!0K1)F)(!$#3E!0+ 3&(@A&()W%E&CF&(%.d!0+ &(298&()5'/&%E"!$+2&( + -.!$+#*C5+ &+2-<'. +98"-3#3C253N+2&k!=24(#3
CM1E!0)
38<&%E"!$+2&(I@i34( 
*5C%38+2 !%E& 2'#Y +=&$68&()W%E&Cb&(%.d!0+ & T6>&(6>&(2:g!0 Cb *#*8+ 3&(@<p9-F &1&+
&1CT8&(1+d!0334&Y6>I!0+ 29:g!0/*KN%.!$C*CP'1M
!0%%#3M14<6R&(9!$CCW&(%.d!0+ & IH1U!$8"-b&(=!$CC34F!24(#396>U!$+  (@
p9-T&(%.d!0+ &(29+ -E!0+/#3CW+ &5 U%" "=!$C
| d|IdT: =8&)5'3CF1+2&k+2-9~E2 +98&)
%.&(C5&(%.d!0+ &(e -&$:9W3
!
CE!0 -CW#3/4&(34<#3"6R+dh;'.8I!0 =+ -Mk#3C5+2&=+ -T+X:/&=&1C:93+ -F+ -T-34(-* +(!0#3E!$+2&
ef*(!$#3E!$+23&(F&(+; -&$:9Eh@
[ 6<+ -5~E2 +F8&()W%E&C`&(%."!$+ &k#3C`+2&Q!b&1CW:93+ -D!$3)
%2&$(CS* + 3)b!$+ H;+ -W 8&CD8*&()
%.&(CQ&%E*d!$+2&(
ef2-&$:9b3P!FCE!0 -C #3T4(&4k24-1+dh?98* I!0+ CJ+ -E!0+/8*&()5'3+ -'E* +<+2- *&$6;+ -& 34(3E!0#E&%E*d!$+2&(2IHAwURv
i& )b!$#3#3MNH}6:Fd!$qP+2-F&(%.d!0+ &(2='NMb+2-k* + 3)b!$+ *C!088"!$8M &$6/+2-k8"-3#3C2AH.+ -*Q:k8U!$SC~E '! 13 
0? 193 10?8:!4 1:  e +2&P'.5+ -58&()5'3E!0+ 3&(b&06g+2-5'E* +  \F&%E"!$+2&( U@Pi&(=K!0)
%#3(H.+ -F~E 2+8&()W%E&C
&(%."!$+ &9:93##j8*&()5'39+2-'. +T+X:/&F&(%.d!0+ & I@ [ 6+2-'. +T+X:/&F&(%.d!0+ & <U!$8"-S!$CC*CQ!=6RI!$+2 (H+ -*S+ -T~E2 +
8&)
%.&(CW&(%.d!0+ &c:93#3#A!$CCP'.&(+2- .}6&=&(%.d!0+ &c!$CCCQ!0CS&(&(%.d!0+ &<C#3+2CAH.+ -S:+ 2MP+2&5C&
'.&(+23
&&(%."!$+ 3&A@
p9-F8&()W%E&CS&%E"!$+2&( !0 5!$%%#33CS+2&b+ -F%E!$21+IHj+2-1=8 I!0+ 34b8"-3#3C J&1C=+2-E!$+!$26X!$ +2-!U:9!UM
3b+ -2+d!0+ F %E!08(@
!08"-S8&()W%E&CW&1C3<(!0#3E!$+2CS!$CS+2-4"!$+ 3&P&068&()W%E&Cb&(%.d!0+ & <8*&(1+ 31
!$9#3&4 !09+ -=2+ 3)P!0+ CS!088"!$8Mb&$6;+ -=8&)
%.&(C
&1CT3)
%2&$(U@
&()W%E&C]&(%.d!0+ & b4(d!0#3J!J6>:o24(4 +23&(b%21& #3M])P!0C
3+2-J#3+2d!0+ 2(@,=&-E!U1ke U(0Nh
 4(4(* + *C+2-E!$+F+ -
 U!$ 8"-])
34-N+=2+d!$2+6R &()+ -W +5&06< + 2&(4#3MQ2#3(!$1+Y6>I!$+2 *Sef+ -P8*&( Uh@ [ 6<&
2+d!$2+ 
6>2&()_+2-b6>#3#92+5&$6=6>I!0+ 2IH )W&$(!$#&$6 !01M` 34(#3b +2 &4(#3MD2#3(!$1+F6>U!$+  S:93#3#/8U!$2Q!JC4d!$C.!$+ 3&D3
%.X6>& )b!$8HE:9-#32)
&$(!0#A&06?!01MP32 #3(!0N+=&<:I!$q1#3Mb #3(!0N+T6>U!$+  F:9#3#&(+U@138F+ -F#f!$ +T8&()W%E&C
&(%."!$+ &IH %2 *N+234
+2-=8&()5'3E!0+ 3&(F&$6!$#3#.C#3+ =&%E"!$+2&( UH8&8*+ <+2-T6>#3#.6>I!0+ 2= '2+<+2&k+2-=)
%+XM
 *+5&$696>I!0+ 2IH+2-
8&)
%.&(C`&(%.d!0+ &(2F6> &)+ -6>#3#6RI!$+2 b ' +5%#&+k! %E!$+2-D+ - &(4(-D+2-
8*&( b2+5&$6
6>I!0+ 2I@p9-b%E!$+2-D3k*KN%#& C'1M` )W&$N34b&56>U!$+  S!$+5!S+23)
F1+ 3#/* + 3)b!$+ *C!$8*8d!08MDC+ 23&(d!0+ U@
9!$2E!$.!Qi23+d!$4e2I$NhY3)
%#3)W1+ C`!`c o 2&]&$6<6RI!$+2 S2'2+
2#38+ 3&+2-E!$+5*#3)W.!$+ *+ -
6>I!0+ 2=&(+T *CQ3b+ -FC23(CJC832&S+ 2(@ [ 6/+ - 5!$2k&6>I!0+ 2=+ -E!0+<3)
%2&$(T+ -F%E*X6>& )P!08=:9-
C#3+2CAH1+2-Qe34(& 34=&(2C 34/C<+2&+ 3"h&<&06n+2-<8&)
%.&(Ck&%E"!$+2&( 9:93#3##3I!0C5+ &+2-<"!$)
&1CT+ -E!0+
c a:/&#3CP+"!$q+ -Y I!0 8"-Q+2&E@-3#3=+ -5c !$%%2&N!08d-b3<&#3MP!0%%#338I!$'#3T6>&9'E!$8"q1:g!0 CS*#3)W.!$+ 3&$AH
8&)
%.&(CW&(%.d!0+ & c!0 !$#32& !0%%#338I!$'#3T+ &F6>& :9!$ CW #38*+ 3&(A@
i4 5U2-&$:99+X:/&52I!$28"-<:93+2-!0Cb:93+ -&+/8*&()
%.&(C
&%E"!$+2&( U@&()W%E&C
&%E*d!$+2&(29)W% &$9+ -
 U!$ 8"-'1MJ~EC34`&1C5:93+ -]-34-
!$8*8d!08M`6X!$ +2  T-&$:(*IH:9-*(W+F35I!$2MD+2&`&$(L~E+IH+ -MD8I!0 


real acc

real acc soybean - forward

crx - backward

84

80

82
60
80
40

78

20

76
100

200

300

Nodes
400

100

200

300

400

Nodes

i34(2PU=&()
%.!$ 32&(b&$6/8*&()
%.&(CDefC&(+ +2C`#33Ih=!$C &(1BX8&)
%.&(Cef &#3C #3Uh<2I!$28"-I@p9-
!$88*d!08M
me q BL!0K1"h93<+2-E!$+T&$6+ -'E* +=&1C
eR!$<C+ 2)
3C 'NMW+ -F!$#34(& 3+ -)bh&S!$S3C*%EC1+=+ 2+< *+ ! 6>+ *c!F4(3
1)5'./&06&1CY(!$#3E!0+ 3&(=empmB !$K13dh@p9-= 345+ 3)W<3/% &(%.&(2+ 3&(.!$#j+ &5+2-=1)5'E*9&$6&NC<(!0#3E!$+2CA@
&$(*X~E+2+ 34DU!$ #33Jef *1*8+ 3&(\(h*@ ;K1%. 3)
*N+"!$#T 2#3+ S234`8&()W%E&C]&(%."!$+ & S!$2Q23)
3#f!$+2&D+ -&( 
:93+ -&+<+2-)JHE*KN8*%+F+ -E!0+<+ -M!0 F &)
+2)W67!0 + *I@ &( F 34}~E8I!$1+=+ 3)WcClj285!$2 !08"-3(CJ:9-
+ -cC83 3&( +  *c!0 =% CA@ *+d!$3#3Cb * #3+ 6>&(+ -.!$+98I!0 k!0 = -&$:9b#f!$+293b+ -=%E!0%EFefp!$'#F(Uh@
p9-<)b!$35!$C(!0N+"!$4/&06A8&()W%E&C5&(%."!$+ & 3/+2-E!$++2-M5)b!$q('E!08dq1:9!$2C56>I!0+ 2<2' *+9 #38+23&(
8*&()
%1B
+d!0+ 3&(.!$#3#3M<6RI!$2'#@;p!0'#3gY!$CbiA34 TI!0CSI=2-&$:+2-<2 #3+2/&06A 4+ -T'E* +XBR~E2 +9 U!$ 8"-S!$#34&( 3+2-)
:93+ -J8&()W%E&Cb&(%."!$+ & '+= +d!0 +24P:93+2-S+ -F6R#3#A *+&$66RI!$+2 Wef'E!08dq1:9!$2CQ#33)
3E!0+ 3&(.h8&)
%E!0 C :9+2'. +LB>~E2 + I!0 8"-56R&( :9!$2Ck2#38+2&5:93+ -&+8&)
%.&(CY&(%.d!0+ &(2I@ #3+2;6>&(6>& :9!$2C5 #38+23&(5:93+ -5!$CF:93+ -1B
&(+/8&)
%.&(C
&(%."!$+ & 9C3CW&(+ 34(~.8I!$1+ #3M5C}lj9&(b!$1MF~E#3(@;p!$'#U2-&$:99+ -c1)5'.&$66>I!$+2 *9 C
6>&I!$8"-&$6<+ -PClj21+k)W+ -&1CU@S-D&
2+d!$2+ Y6> &)+ -6>#3#/2+F&$696>I!0+ 2IH6>I!0+ 2P31+ *d!$8*+ 3&(5!$2
I!0 396R&(+ -2I!$28"-S+ &F3C1+ }6>M1@Ap9-=6>&(#3#3&$:934=&('2 (!0+ 3&(98I!$b'.c)b!$C
;K18%+Y6>&( B7&06fBB UB UBIHj+2-P!088"!$8MJ 2#3+ Y6>&(='E!08"qN:9!$2CDi;S:93+2- [ W4(d!0##3MJC4d!$CCA@Wp9-
)P!$33)W% &$)
1+j:9!$?6>&( FBX&$6fBBL BL BU(H:9-2<+2-<8& 28+9 *(W'3+ : =8& 28+ #3M53C1+2~.CAH 2#3+XB
43QI !088"!$8M1@;p9-T6>I!0+ 2= '2+ T:/* =4(d!0##3M5#f!$24(UH!$Cb!$%%.!$ *N+2#3M
b'E2+XBR~E 2+<2I!$28d8I!$&(+9&$(* 8&)
<2&()W<#3&18I!$#)P!$K13)
!@ji&(9K!0)
%#3(H <\ +2&(%%.CS:93+2-=6RI!$+2 UH.'+9%2345)
& 
6>I!$+2 *9:/&#3C5)W% &$/+2-<%.L6>&(2)P!$8<'.8I!0 +2-96R&( :9!$2C
2I!$28d-W6>&C
!Y ' +9&06g(g6>I!$+2 *9+ -E!0+
:g!0/24}~E8I!0N+2#3Mk'.+ +2ke+ -!088"!$8Mb2+ 3)P!0+ 3&(Y6>&(+ - 96RI!$+2 = ' +T:g!0/-4-9+2-E!$W+ -=&(96>&
+ -kY6>I!0+ 2 ' +UHA!$Cb'.8I!0 5+2-d!0)
T6>&#Cg!0 2CAHj}6;+ -F'E* +XBR~E2 += I!0 8"-J:/2+ &W4(+9+2&
+2-3
("BR6>I!0+ 2k&NC(Hj3+=:/&#3CS% 6>F+T&$(=+2-F~EE!0#&NC5 #38+2CD3S+2-5'E!08dq1:9!$2CQ2I!$28d-.h@ [ J+ -FK1+
 8+23&(AH:/5 
+2-5'E!08dq1:9!$2C` I!0 8"-`:93+ -DE@+ -E!0+% IH!0C`+ -5'E!$8"q1:g!0 C`2I!$28d-`+2-'E8*&()
*
)58"-5I!$2*96>&9+ -='. +LB>~E2 += U!$ 8"-Q!0#34(&(23+ -)J@

i& =!$3("BX9!UM(UH('E!08"qN:9!$2CSi53g!Y #334(-1+:93WW+ 2)


&$6!$88d!$8*MN@T#3M5&(W8 KWC3C
+2-c!088"!$8MbC"B
4(d!0C 34(}~E8U!$1+ #3M5ef%1BX(!$#H=@(hH*:9-3#3/&  B7&06fBB UB UBI9!0C T]+;24}~E8I!0N+2#3Mc3)W% &$C5ef%1BX(!$#HF(@(
!$CQ@(F * %.8+ 3#3Mmh*@ [ b6X!$8+UH6R&(<+2- T,CE!0+d!0 +UHsb(wUxss`z$y O(xrf - (u1 .wUx(x/-kw"tzrIw
k<z E$w{
s`C w
{w*yw"vU>w"lt w"z>u1x wF{u *{wU bp!UM1#3&(T+k!0#7@;e2I(0EHj%.!$4(bI(hT8&)
%E!0 C`(W!$#34(& 3+ -)W<&Q+2-3
CE!$+"!$ *+
ef:93+ -`+2-
"!$)Wk2%#3+Y&$69+ d!03 $+2 +F +2dh*H!$C`+2-
-34- +Yd!$qN34 &(5:9!$kgiaef"!$Cf!0#'E!$23
6>8+23&("h924
((F8*1+ 2:93+ -S!$Q!088"!$8M &$6/(@ b@p9- c!$3"B79!UM(*<:93+ -b'E!08dq1:9!$2CS#33)
3E!$+23&(
-E!$Cb!$S!$88*d!08Mb&$6@3I b@

p9- FBX&$6BB UB UBI;C.!$+d!0 +;:93+ - =!$3("BX9!UM(j3! M=31+ 2 +234<8I!0 (@;p9-;6>I!0+ 2 ' +; *#*8+ 3&( ~EC
 3K=&(+;&$6.+ - 5 *#*(!$1+6>I!$+2 *IH1!$C+2-9 *(1+ -52#38+2CF6>I!0+ 29;!$F3  *#*(!$1+A&(@;<#3+2-&(4- FB
&$6fB58I!0
'.<2% * 1+ *CS 34F!=-1MN%.2%#f!$(H1!$CP!$#3+2-&(4-k3
!=&1&(#3I!05C&()b!$3+ -< X67!08<2% * 1+ *C
'N
M c!03("BXg!UM3!$#3:9!UMN!b-1M1%. %#f!0(H;3++  F&(+Y+ -E!0+ c!0"BXg!UM3E!0'#3k+2&S#3I!$2`+ -3+"!$24(+
8&(8*%+I@;p9-/+"!$'#3'.#3&$:D:9!$8&(2+ 28+ *C
'1M=4(31
4 c!$3"B79!UM(*!$#3#1%.&( 23'#33 +"!$8*/!$CY+ -3;8&  *8+
8#f!$ 2}~E8I!$+23&(F6>&+ -=UBX&$6fB T8&(8%+UH!$C5+2 +24k3+&5+ -Td!$)W93 +"!$8*I@;`98I!0
 *c+2-E!$+ c!$3"B79!UM(*
9E!$'#3T+ &5#3I!$2SUBX&$6fB H'+9:9-E!0+9391+2 34(34Y9+2-E!$+6X!$8++ -E!0+9-3C345!F'3+/3)
% &$(*/+2-!$88d!$8*MN@
(

p!$'#3,8&)
%E!0 3 &
&$69!F6>& :9!$ Cb'. +LB>~.  +Y I!0 8"-Q:93+2-&(+T8&()W%E&Cb&(%."!$+ & !$CS'E!$8"q1:9!$ C 'E2+XBR~E 2+
 U!$ 8"-S:93+2-
8&)
%.&(CW&(%.d!0+ & I@?p9-=%1BX(!$#.8&(#3)W/3C8U!$+ *9+ -=%2&('E!0'3#3+XMF+ -E!0+9'E!$8"q1:9!$ CW39'E+2+ T+ -E!0
6>& :9!$ C@
=!$3(B79!UM(
%mB7(!0#
%1BX(!$#
!0+d!0 +
[
gi;B i;
9i;B i
9i;BLi;
gi;B i;
6>& :9!$2C
'E!$8"q
6>&(2:g!0 C
'.!$8"q
' I!0 +T8I!$8*
0E@( @
(@  @
@ (@ @ (@( @
@(
8#3(
@( @
(@  @
@U (@ @ (@( @
@(
8 K
@( @
(@  @
@U (@ (@ $.@( @
@(
T
0E@( @
@  @
@  $E@ @ (@3I @
@(
-&(2 "BX8&(#338
@( @
(@  @
@  (@ 1 @ (@( @
@(
;3)P!
@( @
(@  @
@ 0 (@3U (@ (@( @
@(
 38"q(BX+2-1MN2&(3C
@( @
(@  @
@  (@ @ (@( @
@(
 &$M1'EU!$1BX#f!$ 4
(@( @
@  @
@  (@ @ $.@( @
@
8&(2d!$#
I@( @ I@( @
@  (@ @ (@( @
@(
I FBX&$6fBBL BL BU
@$ @ I@( @
@  (@0 (@ (@( @
@(
( b&(qj
@( @
(@  @
@  (@ @ (@( @
@(
I b&(q B7#3&18I!$#
@( @
(@  @
@  (@3U @ (@3I @
@(
I b&(q
@( @
$.@  @
@  (@3U @ (@3I @
@(
 b&(q
@( @
(@  @
@  (@ @ (@( @
@(
<(*d!$4= I!0#7
(@$
(@ 
(@
(@(
<(*d!$4!$ +2}6d@
(@(
(@ 1
(@
(@(

s.d. ID3-BBFS minus ID3-FBFS (s.d.)


25

AccID3-BBFS minus ID3-FBFS (abs acc)


20

20

15

15

10

10

5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Dataset #

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Dataset #

i34(2PU [ T<'2&(#3+2kC}lj *8`ef'. +LB>~.  +F U!$ 8"-Di; 'E!$8"q1:9!$ C`:93+2-Q8&)


%.&(CS&(%.d!0+ & )W16R&(XB
:9!$ C.hb!$88*d!08M`ef#3"6>+"h9!$Cb3
2+ C1BXC1ke 34(-1+"h@
s.d.

Acc NB-BBFS minus NB-FBFS (abs acc)


10

NB-BBFS minus NB-FBFS (s.d.)

8
6
6
4
4
2

2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Dataset #

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

iA34 5Ic!0"BXg!UMI;T' &#+ =C}ln* 8*k3P!088"!$8M`e#6>+dh9!0CbW +2C1B7C1kef234(-1+dh*@

Dataset #

p!$'#3Up9-<1)5'.&$6j6>I!0+ 2935+ -=CE!0+d!0 +UH1+ -TN)5'E? Cb'1M [ 5ef238=3+C&19 &)


6>U!$+  = ' +
 *#*8+ 3&(.hH.+ -YN)5'E92#38+2CQ'1MW'E2+XBR~E 2+ U!$ 8"-Qi;P6>&( [ Y6>& :9!$ Cb:93+ -&(+98&)
%.&(CP!$CS'E!$8"q1:9!$ C
:93+ -b8&)
%.&(CHN!0CS!$E!0#&4(& #3MY6>&( c!0"BXg!UMI@
<)5'.9&06iI!$+2 
!$+d!0 +
<234(3E!$# [
TB i;
[ UB i
CE!$+"!$2+
i&(2:g!0 C 9!$8"q1:g!0 C i&(2:g!0 C g!08"qN:9!$2C
' I!0 +<8U!$8*
U
@
@
@
@
@
8*#*(
U (@
@
E@
@
@
8* K
U I@
@
@
@
@
T
I
(
(
(
*
N
-&( 2"BX8&(#338
 I@
@
@
@3
@
)b!

@
@
@
E@
.@
238dqBX+2-NM12&(3C



2&$M1'EI!01BX#!0 4
 (@
U@
I@
I@
I@
8*&( "!$#

I  B7&06fBBL BL BU
U
I

( &(qj

I &(qUBX#3&18I!$#
U


I &(q

 &(q

iU!$+  T4(3(

=!$3("BX9!UM(
!088"!$8M
(@(
(@(
(@(

eR!$#3#fh

A* 8%+  &


!$88d!$8*M
I@(
(@ 
(@ 

p9-=K1%#f!$E!0+ 3&(W6>&9+ -39 * #3+<3<!06>&(#3#3&$:9I@;p9-* k!0       #  H\F3 +"!$8*<&(+9&$6/  HU(
+ -E!0+/-E!U=#!0'E*#A@p9- F!$     #  lH1&93
+2-2k(=32+d!08UHE2&kU!$8"-b&$6+2-= b6>U!$+  
-E!$91 (
H^F&U@;`c+2-194(+9+2-=6>&#3#&$:934.

sAexyHY{*e2H\Uh?H^(
sAexy
H Y{*e2
H h?^
H (

13)
3#f!$ #3M(H e 



e   WH^(H$+ -1I!$8"-5&06A+ -T 56>U!$+  9-E!0/(H(=&IH4(3134=+ -6>&(#3#3&$:934E


As exya
H <{ e \
H Uh?^
H (
As exya
H <{ e 
H h?
H 1(

[ 6+ - k!0 &#3M5+X:/&F&(<3P!0b +d!08(H+ -Y% &'E!$'3#33+ 38*&()


%+ Cb'1Mc!03("BXg!UM<!$2(

sAexyH(h
sAexya
H Ih

(I  e>((h # ( eR(((h  H^|&((U($


I  e>((h # $ eN((h  H^| &((((
(

4(314
+ -5#!0'E*#&(
!W2)P!$#3#!$C(!$1+d!04((HA!0CJ)P!$q1345+2-
:92&(4b%2C38+ 3&A@
p9-1=+2- b!$2 #  H
)
3 +"!$q(*/&+/&06+ -5I%.&(2 3'#3=3 +"!$8*IH.:9-38"-P3K!$8+2#3MP(@(!088"!$8M1@
3+ -F&(#3M2KY6>I!0+ 2IH1+2-9'. ++ -34=+2&C&3;+ &% C38+9!=#f!$'.#&06n&9:9-W+ -* <+X:& & ='3+ IH:9-38"Y:9-E!$++2- c!0"BXg!UMC&1bef+2-b8I!$#38#f!0+ 3&(J3&()W+2+ C.h@bp9-3:93#3#8&  *8+ #3MD8U!$%+2 S!$#3#32+d!08
+ -E!0+&(243E!$#3#3M=-E!$C5+2- ='3+2IH'+:9#3#18&N+23N<+ &Y'ET:9 &(4=6>&(?+ -& <32+d!08+ -E!0+/-.!$C5&(#MF+X:&c'+2I@
<&$:(UH1&(+&$6A+2-932+d!089+2-E!$+-E!$CW+X:/&F'3+ &(H(2K5:93#3#.&$:]-E!U(T&(#3MF&(T'3+/&
'.8I!$ +2- 
:/2k15'3+2c+2&(+"!$#XHj!$CSU!$8"-`&$6/+2-F `'3+ T-E!$C`!5&k23KP+23)
U@=p9-N c!03("BXg!UM=:93##&$:\)P!0q(
&(#3M
 `L
H,UF)
3 +"!$q(*IH:9-38d-bM13#3C9!$S!$88*d!08Mb&$6@( b@
$

p!$'#3=(Ap9-<9 + 3)
?6>&Clj21+/ 2&&06A+ -9:9"!$%%.9!$%%2&N!08d-@Ap93)
?6>&(/!T24(#36>&(#3CF:9-582&(2XB
(!$#33CE!0+ 3&(W:g!0cC&(F3Q!$J&(+2=#3&N&%S+ &b2+ 3)P!0+ k!088"!$8M1@T#3#+2 +22C`8&()W%E&Cb&(%."!$+ & UHAK18*%+=6>&
[ UB i;B i& :9!$ C@jp9- + 3)W /8*&()
)b!$CT&$(LE&$:C=6>& [ UB i;BX'E!$8"q=&( TC1  ;1&(#f!0 3A&%E"!$+24
 M12+ )J@;p9-=8&()W)P!$Ck41!U(!4N!0+ 3(=1)5'.6R&(9K18+ 3&(b+ 3)W 
9 + 3)
e 8*&(C"h
[ BLi; [ UB i; .@ BLi; <?BLi;
i&(2:g!0 C
9!$8"q
9!$8"q
g!08"q
!$+d!0 +
'2I!$2+<8I!08
1(
$.
HU(

8#3
0N
HU(
U
U(
82K
(
.H (
H (
(
1H( &$(*XE&$:
IH(
(H($
<
-&  B78&#38
(H(
H (
H 1$
1(
;3)P!
(
HU(
U

 38"qB7*+ -1M1 &C
H(0
IHU(
H (
$
 &$M1'.I!$mB7#f!$24(
H$
.HU(
H 
H(
8& d!0#
U(

1

FBX&$6BB UB UBI
I
I
(

b&qj
U(


U
b&qUBX#&18I!0#
(H N
(0
$
U(
b&q
0N


U
b&q
(

1

p9-3K!$)W%#3/2-&$:9/+2-E!$+!$#3+ -&4(-F+ -<-1M1%E&+ -23/2%E!$86>&( c!$3"B79!UM(*/3F/&1&(#3I!05C&()b!$3;3/!=2%E!$8


&$6<-1M1%E2%#f!$*IH;3+3kE!$'#35+2&S8&(2 8*+ #3MD3C1+26RMS+ -3F+d!0 4(*+k8&8%+IH:9-#3
!b%.28%+2 &( 8I!$A@ &( 
1+2 2+ 34.H-&$:(*IH39+2-=67!08+9+ -E!0+<!$1M
!$%% &1!$8"-b+ &F6>I!0+ 2 ' +=2#38+ 3&P'.!$ *CS&(b *#*(!$8Y+ -E!0+
?C%.C1+9&06A+ -TC8+2&P!0#4&(2+2-)!0C5+ -.!$+d!$qNI!08d-6>I!0+ 2c!$#3&ef8&C3+ 3&C
&5+ -T#f!$'.#fh
)5 +4(3(+2-9d!0)
"!$qY+ &=I!$8"-5&/&06n+2- 5 #3(!01+;6>I!0+ 2<efC/+2&= M1)
)W+ 2Mmh*H$!$CF+ -1; 8d-
!0
!$%%2&N!08d-5:93#3#*(%38"q !=2'2+/&06A 3KY6>I!$+2 *g!0/+2-<:9"!$%%.9!$%%2&N!08d-5C&N*I@;p9-T:9d!$%%E9!$%% &1!$8"CCW~EC<+ -c&%+ 3)b!$#2' *+<6R&(+ -39+d!0 4+98&(8%+U@
9345+ 3)
*6>&9+ -Y'E!$8"q1:g!0 CW6>I!0+ 2 ' +=2#38+ 3&S:/* k!0'E&+9~E=+ 3)
9#3&4(9+2-E!$b+2-=6>& :9!$ CH
:9-38"-b9&(+<'.!$Cb8&( 3C24
+ -<6X!$8+T+ -E!0+9:/2+d!0 + *CS:93+ -b+ - 6>#3#j +=&06A6>I!0+ 25e>!0#2&5 Y+ -K1+< *8+ 3&(
:9-28&)
%.&(CW&(%.d!0+ & <-#3%P)W&(29:9-Q.@ Y3/ CEh*@
kb
 


 b=;

`F-E!U(52C [ b!$C c!$3"B79!UM(*k!$&'E!0 3853C8* Y6>&(T6>U!$+  


2'2+k2#38+2&D'.8I!0 W+ -M`C&P&
%234!$CH(+2- 6>&(2(H1+ -T"lj8+&$6.6>I!$+2 T ' + #38*+ 3&(58I!05'E92b)
& 8*#U!$ #3M1@A`-E!U9 W3)
%2&$("B
)
*N+23Q'.&(+2-D!$#34(& 3+ -)
IH'+k!0`)W%E& +"!$1+<2)P!04
Z12+ 3&(`3-&$:+2-
:9"!$%%.5!$#34(& 3+ -)oC(#3&%EC
3S18+2&5!$CbW8&()W%E!$29+ &W+ -=~.#+2c!0#34(&(23+ -)JHN!0Cb-&$:^+2-Y6>I!$+2 Y '2+= #38*+ 3&(S 23&(T&$6/+2- 
!$#34&( 3+2-)
8*&()
%.!$ T+ &F+ -Y&( 34.!$#.(2 3&(U@
<#3+ -&(4-:/-E!U/%2 *N+2CP!0 4)
1+2A3=67!U&(A&06E+ -/:9"!$%%./!0%% &1!$8"-3518+2& HU:/-E!$CF+ &=C*(#3&(%F!
-34(-mB7%.X6R&( )b!$8*:9"!$%%.!$#34&( 3+2-)]6>&A+ -)
%238I!$#$8&)
%E!0 3 &IHU!$CY+ -3A:9!$+ -?% %.&(2/&06+ -% *8C34
 *8+ 3&(I@;-*5 CW:93+ -5E@H$+2-9-3#3#}B78#33)5'}49:9d!0%%E*&$6>+254(*+ 2+ 8"q53k#3&18I!0#)
33)
!H!0C5+ -9'E2+XBR~E 2+
 U!$ 8"-b:9d!0%%.9+ &1&(qF+ &1&F#3&(4.H(2&k+2-<:&(2q55+2-=% *N3&/28+2&9:9!$*8 "!$2M
6R&(+ -TK1%E23)
1+ 3
+2-3
 *8+ 3&(@
3+ -W8&()W%E&CF&(%.d!0+ &(2IH 4k+2-<:9"!$%%.9:93+ -bE@TW67!$2+ + -E!0
234F+ -T:9d!0%%E*9:9+2[ W'E8U!$2
+ -58&()W%E&CJ&(%.d!0+ &(2+ *CD+2&PZ138"q1#3MS )W&$(+2-56RI!$+2 Y% CD'1MQ.@ @5iI!0+ 2F+ -E!0+
C&W&(+=!$%%.I!$=3b+ -F+ 25!$ F *)
&$(*CP'.8I!0 5+2-5!$88d!$8*MS +23)P!$+2=C&1=&(+T8d-.!$4 !0CAH.:93+ -b+ -F )b!$#3#
8&)
%#3K13+XM<%.E!0#+XM 6>&(; MY6>I!0+ 2(H(+2-9(!0#.!$+ 3&<6R8+2&k3)W% &$I@jp9-/8&)
%.&(C&(%.d!0+ & 8I!$F )W&$(
!$#3# 8"- 6>I!$+2 * ! 6>+ * ! 34#Y&1CK1%E!0 3&(@<3+2-&(+T% 34EH)P!$1MW)
&(2T6>I!$+2 * !0 F *CQ3S+2-k+2 
(

features

DNA - number of features

175
150
125
100
75
50
25

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Node evals

i34(2 U <k T)5'./&06A6>U!$+  T(!$#3E!0+ CS!$+ - I!0 8"-b% &4(2 25e>E@H1'E2+XBR~E 2+<2I!$28d-H'E!08dq1:9!$2CEh@
p9- +238I!$##3*9 34(}6>M
!F&NCK1%E!$ 3&(AH:9-2k+2-8"-3#3C b&06+2-'. +T&1Ck!0 K1%E!0CC@/p9- #f!$1+2C
#33<&P+2-+2&(%
2-&$:9<-&$:&(2C3E!$2M5'E!$8"q1:g!0 Cb *#*8+ 3&( :/&#3C
%2&(4(2 U@
features

Soybean - number of features

35
30
25
20
15
10
5

50

100

150

200

250

Node evals


   ! "#$#% &'
"() +*,&
"-.(&'/ !(

01/.2'3' +('(' +( 465879;:<=> "(
&@?6A'(
&)(

0B/<01C?
D  '->E"9

FG

p!$'#3
UT8&()W%E!$22&(b&$69E@5:93+ -J&W6>I!0+ 2k2#38+2&AH:9+2-S+ -
9#33(*C1BLi~E#3+2
e>TAi;hHj!0CQ:93+2-S+ - 
:9d!0%%.9 345'.!$8"q1:g!0 C
'.2+XBR~E 2+< U!$ 8"-S:93+2-
8&)
%.&(C5&%E*d!$+2&(2kef9i;h@1p9-c%mB7(!0#E8&#3)
3C38I!0+ + - 
%2&('E!0'3#3+XMF+ -E!0+9+ -Y+ &(%S!0#4&(2+2-)3/3)
% &$134&$(*9+ -=#3&$:/*<!$#34(& 3+ -)J@
.@UB <AiOE@ B79i;
.@ B79i;
E@
E@UB <i .@ B79i;
N<.@
1<.@ 1<E@UB <i
!$+"!$2+
'2I!$2+<8I!08 (@ N @$.@ 1 @a(@ @
@*
@ .
@(
8#3
(@( @$.@  @a(@ @
@ 0
@(
 
82K
(@$ @ $.@  @ (@ (@
@ 
@ 1
@
(@( @(@  @ $E@  @
@ 0
<
 
 
-& 2"B78*&(#338
(@( @(@  @ $E@ (@
@ 
@ .
@3I
;3)b!
@( @$.@U @ (@3U (@
@U

 
28"qBX+ -1M1 &3C (@( @(@  @ (@ @
@ 
@ 
@(
2&$MN'.I!01B7#f!0 4( @( @@  @ (@ (@
@ 
@ 
@(
8& "!$#
@( @@  @ (@ @
@ 
@ 
@(
 B7&06fBB UB UBI (@( @3,@ . @ (@3U (@3
@ 
 

b&qj
(@( @3,(@  @ (@ (@
@(
 
 
b&qUBX#3&N8U!$# (@( @(@ 1 @ (@ 1 (@
@(
 
 
b&q
(@( @(@U @ (@3U @
@ 
@ 
@(
b&q
(@( @(@  @ (@ @
@ 
@ 
@(
T("!$4(=2I!$#X
(@
(@ 
(@
T("!$4(!0 + }6d@
(@3I
(@ 
$E@

!$CQ+2-MS8I!0 52#34-1+<d!0C&)V(!$2f!$+ 3&93Q+2- !088"!$8MJ2+ 3)P!0+ U@ [ +=-8*


)P!0q(T)
& 2 5+2&b J+ -
6>I!0+ 25 ' +F #38*+ 3&( I!0 8"-`'E!$8"q1:9!$ CIH;:9-38"-Q3:9-.!$+=:/5-.!U(FC&(@Pi34(2
UP!0C]Ib2-&$:,-&$:a+ -
1)5'.&$66>I!0+ 252CD8"-E!04(5!$Y+ -W I!0 8"-D%2&(4 2 UHcr
fw H!0)
& F&1C5!$ W(!$#3E!0+ C@ <&(+2385-&$:
'."6>&(2I!08d- &1C=K1%E!$23&(AH+ -8*&()
%.&(C
&%E"!$+2&( =!$2k!$%%#3CS!0Cb8&()5'3T+ -Y&(%.d!0+ &(2<#3I!0C34k+2&5+ -
'. +8"-3#C AH+ -1?Cd!0 + 38I!0#3#MYC82I!$24k+2-<1)5'.;&$6j&1CU@;3+ -&+;8&()W%E&CF&(%.d!0+ &(2IH1+2-91)5'E*&$6
6>I!0+ 2<8*&(#3CS&#3M5C82I!$25&(9382I!$2k'1M
&!$+9 M &1C=K1%E!$23&(A@9i&(9K!$)W%#3(Hb+2- <\CE!0+d!0 +
:93+ -Q.@H &#3M 
(5&1C=: 5*(!$#3E!$+2CQ!0C! ' +&06cI 6>I!0+ 2:9!$= #38*+ C ;:93+2-&(+T8&()W%E&C
&(%."!$+ & UHA+2- !0#34(&(23+ -) :/&#3CS-E!U+ &bK1%E!0CDe U( ^Ih 1I$
H,(| d0NF&1C* "2+c+2&
4+=+ &
+2-3T6>I!$+2 
 ' +U@
9345+ 3)
*6>&(9'E!08"qN:9!$2CQi;W:93+ -Q.@ F!$2 +23##(2Mb #3&$:H'+<4(*d!0#3#M67!$2+ =+2-E!$b'E!08dq1:9!$2CQi;
:93+ - [ @p!$'#3k<2-&$:9<+2-= 345+ 3)
6R&(9C}lj 1+T(2 3&(9&06+2-k!$#34&( 3+2-)
U@ [ 
8&)
%E!0 3 &
:93+ -W+ -
&(234(3E!$#;!$#34(& 3+ -)QH1+ -M!0 5!$'.&(+=+X:&
+2&P+2- *5&( C=&$69)P!$43+ Cc2#3&$:/U@ki&(TK!$)
%#HE234bE@5&
+ - TCE!$+"!$ *++d!0q(!$'.&(+ @5)
31+2I@Yp9-5:9d!0%%E*)
&1C#-E!$Y+ &b `E@ ~E(5+2)W96R&(=(* MJ&1C
+ -.!$+939(!$#3E!0+ CW3P+2-= +"!$+ Y %E!08k!$CP3 T\+ -* k!0 =-1C2C<&06&1CI@
`k2-E!$#3#1 +241!$+2k+X:&
-1M1%E&+ -* UT~E 2+IH+ -E!0+c 34P! ~E#3+ =)W+ -&1CS:93#3#;3)
%2&$(<+2-
!$8*8d!08MS&06 [
!$
C c!$3"B79!UM(*&(J I!0#/C.!$+d!0 +2k'+:93#3#'EF6X!$3 #3MS2d!0+ 38Qe&$6>+2`-1 +24S%E*X6>& )P!08Ih*H!0C` *8&(CH;+ -E!0+
3)
%2&$()W1+ =6R &()O24`+ -S:9"!$%%.b!$%%2&N!08d-]:93#3#9 2%E!$2b+ -S41!$3F6>2&()_+2-b~E#3+2P!0C]:9#3#9'.S)
& 
8& 3 +21+I@TP!`2%2 1+"!$+ 3`&$6+ - ~E#3+ *
)
*+ -&1CUH9:/ 8d-&( J+ -#3*(C1B i,!0#34(&(23+ -) e>1*8+ 3&(@ Nh*H
:9-38"-S *)
CJ+ &b-E!U+ -k)W&( +TC2"!$'#3F% &%E* + 3F!$)
&4F+ -F~E#3+2!$#34(& 3+ -)W/C282 CA@F8I!0 5&06/+ -
 U!$ &&(+2#3*Ck3F+ -T% 8*C34F%E!$"!$4("!$%-IH$:<29+ -T'E!$8"q1:9!$ CF'. +LB>~E2 +LB72I!$28d- :9d!$%%E:93+ -F8&()W%E&C
&(%."!$+ & !$;! % 21+d!$+23(9&$6.:9d!$%%E;!$#34(& 3+ -)
I@.p9-?K1%E23)
1+d!0#()W+ -&1C&#3&(4(M9 CF+ &T k!0C8&)
%E!0 
!$#34&( 3+2-)
3+ -Yd!$)Wc!09C 8* 3'E*CS3m8+ 3&@3(@
1385E@F3c!F)W&NC Q!0#34(&(23+ -)+2-E!$+T%E*X6>& )
T:/*##&(Q!F(!0 3+XMb&$62I!$#;CE!0+d!$'.!$ *IHj:)
34-N+K1%.8+=3+
+ &F'.cC 
8*#3+/+2&k3)
% &$(%.&(b3+ %E*X6>& )P!08T 34Y6>I!0+ 2c2#38+2&A@p!0'#3IY -&$:99+2-E!$++ -339+ -T8I!$2(
&$(*d!$#3#XH.+ -5!$8*8d!08MJ&(J I!0#CE!$+"!$2+ k!08+ .!$#3#3MPC8 U!$ *CD:9-` 34P#33(CmBLiHj'+c+2-5!$88d!$8*MQ2#34-N+2#3M
382I!$2Cb 34F+ -=:9"!$%%.e>!F@ \ *#!0+ 3(T C8+ 3&P3W 2&(dh*
@ <&+ =-&$:(+ -.!$+99#33(*C1BLiJCCW%E*X6>& )
:#3#A&(  &()W!$ +2}~E8f!$#CE!$+"!$'E!0 UHn!0#3#A&$6:9-38"-DeK18%+=6R&(98& d!0#fh98&N+"!$3S&#3M
 +2 &4(#3M
2#3(!$1+=!$CS+2&(+"!$#3#3M
3 2#3(!$1+<!$+2+ 2'+ U@TP+2- *k!$2+ }~E8f!$#jC.!$+d!0 +2IH.9#33(*C1BLi:g!0/234(}~E8I!01+ #3M5'E*+ + *<+ -.!$b%#f!$3
E@F!$++ -
( 8&(m~EC8*9#*(#X@;<F+ -/2I!$#1CE!0+d!$2+ UH(:9- 92#3(!$8*93##}BXC+2 )WCAHI#33(CmBLib&06>+ *C3Ck:&(2 + -E!0
(

p!$'#3bI<8&)
%E!0 3 &S&$6c!0"BXg!UM5e <9h=:93+ -J&W6>I!0+ 25 #38*+ 3&(AH:93+ -J+ -
#33(CmBLi~.#+2
eR<Ai;h*H
!$C
:93+ -W+ -=:9d!0%%.9 34F'E!08dq1:9!$2CP'.2+XBR~E 2+< U!$ 8"-b:93+ -W8&()W%E&C5&(%."!$+ & Fef9ih@1p9-=%1BX(!$#.8&(#3)W
3C38I!0+ 9+2-%2&('E!0'3#3+XMF+ -E!0+9+ -=+2&(%S!$#34(& 3+ -)393)
% &$134=&$(9+2-#3&$:/*g!0#4&(2+2-)Q@
<?B <Ai TBX9i <?B79i;
<
<?BLTAi TBXgi; 1 < 1 < N TB <i
!0+d!$2+
' I!0 +<8U!$8* (@ @@3 @@( @
@
 n

8*#*(
(@ @@( @ @( @
@ (
@ N
@
8* K
(@3U @@ @0E@( @
@3U
 b

(@0 @@( @@3I @
@ N
T
 

-&( 2"BX8&(#338
(@ @@( @@( (@
@(
@(
@
)b!
(@ (@0E@( @ @( (@
@(


238dqBX+2-NM12&(3C (@0 @@$ @@( @
@(
 

2&$M1'EI!01BX#!0 4 (@ (@(@( @0E@( @
@ N
 
 
8*&( "!$#
(@ @@( @@( @
@(
@(
@
 B7&06fBBL BL BU (@ 1 (@3@$ @3@( (@
@(
@(
@
&(qj
(@ @@( @@( @
@(
@(
@
&(qUBX#3&18I!$# (@ @ @ N @@3I @
@(
 
 1
&(q
(@ @@ N @@3I @
@(
 
 1
&(q
(@ @@( @@( @
@(
@(
@
T("!$4 I!0#X
@$
(@3I
(@ 
T("!$4k!$2+ }6d@
@(
(@
(@ 
%#f!$3k.@j&k&/C.!$+d!0 +?+2;%EL6>&(2)P!08:g!0234(}~E8I!01+ #3M=:/&  <!0+;+ -<8&1~EC8<#3#XH(!$CF3k&c8U!$ 
:9!$+2%.X6>& )b!$8T'E*+ + *<!$+(W+ -a8&(m~EC8*c#3#X@Ap9-c:9"!$%%.9!$#34(& 3+ -),C3C
234(}~E8I!01+ #3M'.+ +2
+ -.!$b%#f!$3P.@&P+X:&F I!0#ACE!0+d!$'.!$ *c!$CP+X:&5!$ +2}~E8f!$#jCE!0+d!0'E!$2IHj!$CP:9!$<234(}~E8I!01+ #3M5:/& 2(@ <&(+2
+ -.!$+<+2-F)
&(2+9 34(~.8I!$1+<3)W% &$)51+/&Q!52I!$#;CE!0+d!0'E!$2:g!0<&S+ -F&( I!0#;CE!$+"!$ *+c:93+2-S)P!0NMF6RI!$+2 U
<F@E9*#3C1B i`:9!$T&(+2%EL6>&(2)
Cb'1M
+2-:9"!$%%.= 34(~.8I!$1+ #3M5&S+X:/&52I!$#CE!$+"!$2+ UHE'+<3+9&(+ %.X6>& )WC
+ -c:9"!$%%.T&(b+ - B7&06fBB UB UBI CE!$+"!$ *+I@
T
+ -c8*&( "!$#.CE!$+"!$2+IH+ -T:9d!$%%E92#38+2Cb+ -=8&  *8+6>I!0+ 2L
 IF(HcH1=(H98 !$+ -T'E2+9&1C<U!$ #3M
3
+2-= I!0 8"-AH'+/#f!0+  +2+ #3CS&
&#3Mk+2-T6>I!$+2 *9k=!$CWcH1:9-8"-W4N!U(T'E*+ + *<82&( LB7(!0#3C.!$+ 3&
!$88d!$8*MN@
p9-5+2d!$334b2+3(* MJ )P!0#3#/e>W +d!08"hH;2&S+ -5% &('#*):9!$=+2-E!$+*(`+2-&(4-Q+2-
:9"!$%%.41!U(F+ -
3CI!0#A6RI!$+2 52++ &S.@ H.+T'3#3+=+ -F8&(2 8*+k+2 Se2I( o!$88*d!0+ IhY'+=+ -Q% *C`+='E!08"qS'E*8I!$2
3+96R#3+
+ -.!$+9+ -c+2d!04k2+<CE!0+d!F:9!$932 
831+/+2&5:g!0 "!$1+9 8"-Q!Y#f!$24(=+ 2(@
 -E!0%9  %2234(#3M1H(+2- =!$3("BX9!UM(9!$#34(& 3+ -),+  Cb&+/+2&k'.<)W&(29C 
8#3++ &F3)
%2&$( 34 6>I!$+2 
 *#*8+ 3&(befp!0'#3gU(h*@j/&+ -+2-?~E#3+ ;!$C=:9d!0%%.!$%%2&N!08d-; 34(}~E8U!$1+ #3M<C4("!$CCY%EL6>&(2)P!08&+ -?' I!0 +
8I!085!$CJ82KQCE!0+d!0'E!$2I@ [ J'.&(+ -J8I!0 F+ -5:9"!$%%.k!0%%2&N!$8"-`8"-& F6>I!0+ 25 ' +2k:93+ -J-34(-J2+ 3)P!0+ C
!$8*8d!08MS+2-E!$+T+ 2CS&+<+2&
'.%E&1&<%.X6>& )W T&(b+ -F U!$#A+2 +=CE!0+d!@/p9-~E#3+2<8I!0 *CQ24}~E8I!0N+2#3M5:/&  
%.X6>& )b!$853J&(5&+ -*kCE!0+d!0 +UH;3)P!5C!0'E*+ UH!$C`*(F 34(~.8I!$1+ #3MS3)W% &$CS&(`%#!03 c!0"BXg!UMIH
D&D+ -P!$2+ }~E8f!0#/CE!0+d!0 +2I@Jp9-33k%.!$ +2#3MQC
+ &J+ -567!08+k+2-E!$+Y+ -b *(2P2 +2 38+2C-1M1%E&+ -23k2%E!$8
'f!$Y&$
6 c!$3"B79!UM(*% *(1+ F3+=6>2&()VC&(34b:/*##?&(`+ -P!$2+ }~E8f!0#% &'#3)
5eK18%+Y6>&( b&(qh96R&(2I!$2&(
C3 8* 2CQ3b18+2&Q@H!$Cb%E!0 + #3M5'.8I!0  c!0"BXg!UM  .!$88d!$8*MP39-12+<)
& T'NMW8&(C3+ 3&(E!0#EC%E*C8*
'.+X:/*b6>I!0+ 2<+2-E!$b+2-%2 8k&063 2#3(!$1+6>U!$+  U@
[ Q8*&(1+ "!$ +UHA+2-F:9d!$%%EF!$%%2&N!08d-J 34}~E8I!$1+2#Mb3)
% &$(*CP%.L6>&(2)P!$8k&S~.(FCE!$+"!$'E!0 &$=+ -F%#f!$3
c!03("BXg!UM!$88*d!08MN@ [ J+ - &(qWCE!$+"!$2+3+<C3CJ &b'1MSC3 8U!$ C4!0#3#A6RI!$+2  58I!$ 
+2-F8&(C+23&(E!0#
3C%.C8!$2 )W%+ 3&31&#f!$+ *CAHU&(<!08+ E!0#3#MY&('+"!$3;'E*+ + *9%EL6>&(2)P!08:9+2
- c!0"BXg!UM;'NMF+ - &$:934
&(+/!$#3#16>U!$+  <!0C5 34Y&(#3M+2-<)b!$ 43E!$#1%2&('E!0'3#3+XM=C3 +2 3'+23&(5&$(*+ -T8#f!$2 U@p9-T:9d!$%%E9!$%% &1!$8" 34}~E8I!$1+2#M`3)W% &$C`&$(5+2-W~E#3+ 53] 3K`8I!0 UH<!$C:9!$5(5234(}~E8I!01+ #3M`&(+2%E*X6>& )
*C'1M`+2-b~E#3+ *
!$%% &1!$8"-A@
p!$'#3
*
 -&$:9< 3)W#f!0/2 #3+2:93+ - [ @ [ S+2-3c8U!$ Hj+ -Y~E#3+ * !0%%2&N!$8"-S234(}~E8I!01+ #3M
C*4(d!0CC`%.X6R&(XB
)P!08=&( &(2I!$#;CE!0+d!0 +='+T 34(~.8I!$1+ #3MW)W% &$CP!0#3#j&$6/+2-k!$2+ }~E8f!0#ACE!0+d!$2+ =K18*%+=6>& b&(qHE!$TC3C
+ -c:9"!$%%.=!$%%2&N!08d-@;p9- b&(qY8&(8%+TK!$8*+ #3MBL B7&06fBLH(2&
!$#3#6>I!$+2 *c!$2= #3(!0N+U@9#33C1B i"C4C
(

p!$'#3b.=8&()W%E!$23 &( &$6 [ W:9+2-Q&b6>I!0+ 25 #38+23&(AH;:93+ -J+ -P9*#3C1B i~E#3+ *
e>TAi;hHA!0C`:93+ -J+ - 
:9d!0%%.9 345'.!$8"q1:g!0 C
'.2+XBR~E 2+< U!$ 8"-S:93+2-
8&)
%.&(C5&%E*d!$+2&(2kef9i;h@1p9-c%mB7(!0#E8&#3)
3C38I!0+ + - 
%2&('E!0'3#3+XMF+ -E!0+9+ -Y+ &(%S!0#4&(2+2-)3/3)
% &$134&$(*9+ -=#3&$:/*<!$#34(& 3+ -)J@
[ BLTAi [ B79i; [ B79i;
1 [
1 [ 1 [ UB <i
!$+"!$ *+
[
[ UB <i
[ UBXgi;
'2I!$2+<8I!08
0E@( @ @( @ (@ @
@
@3I
@(
8#3
@( @ @( @3 (@ @
@
@(
@(
82K
(@3I (@ @( @ (@ (@
@(

 
@$ @ (@( @ (@ @
@(
@(
@$
<
-&  B78&#38
(@( @ (@( @ (@ (@
@(
@(
@(
;3)P!
@( @ @ @3 (@  (@
@(
@(
 
 38"qB7*+ -1M1 &C @( @ @( @ (@ @
@(
@(
@
 &$M1'.I!$mB7#f!$24( @( @ @3I @ (@ (@
@(
@(
@(
8& d!0#
I@( @oI@( @VU(@ @
@(
@(
@(
FBX&$6BB UB UBI (@( @oI@( @VU(@ @
@(

 
b&qj
@ E (@ @( @ (@ @
@(

 
b&qUBX#&18I!0# @ E (@ @( @ (@ (@
@(

 
b&q
@( @ @( @ $E@ @
@(
 
 
b&q
@( (@ VI@( @ (@ @
@(

 
<d!04(= U!$#X
$.@ 
(@(
@$
<d!04(!$2+ }6d@
(@ 
(@(
@(
+X:&F6>I!$+2 *<+ &W'EY2 #3(!01+efCY+ &5%.&N&<2+d!$+23 + 386> &)+2-2)P!$#3#.+ "!$334F +"hc!0Cb+ -Y:9d!$%%E <31+ 2E!$#
82&( LB7(!0#3C.!$+ 3&k41!U(9!$5&$(* #3Mk%.2 3)
3 +238/2+ 3)P!0+ 9+2&+ -9&NC< *% 21+ 345+2-9 ' +9&06!0##m6>I!$+2 *IH1:9-38":9!$;&(%+23)P!$#X@ <&(+29+ -E!0+;&( [ <3!$8+2E!$#3#3M=+ -<.@ T!$#34(& 3+ -)^:93+ -F8&)
)P!0C<#339!$24()W1+ A2%E*8}6>M14c&
%234E@?<T+9-.!$%%.UH8&)
)P!0C5#33!$ 4)
*N+2/8U!$&+<+2 b&$lD!Y+  *k%.&(2+ %2&N8* 24P2+ % + -E!0+98I!$S2:g!0%
!F%E!0 1+<C83 3&(b&1C=:93+ -b3+ 98"-3#3CAH!0Cb+ -3<2:g!0%%34F 2#3+ T`U(!$88d!$8*MP&b8&(2d!$#:93+ -b%#f!$3 [ @
p9-5:9"!$%%.F 34(}~E8U!$1+ #3MS&+ %.X6R&( )WCJ+ -F~E#3+2k&Q+X:&b&$69+ -W I!0#/C.!$+d!0 +2IH;'+%E*X6>& )
*CQ24}~E8I!0N+2#3M
:&( 2
+2-E!$`+2-5~E#3+2&(`+2- &(qbCE!0+d!0 +U@ [  b&qH+ -6>I!$+2 W ' +F I!0 8"-]C3C`+ 2+k+2-
&NC5:9+2I  +2 +LB72+k!$8*8d!08M1Hj'+=+ -51+2 E!0#;8 & XBX(!$#33CE!0+ 3&(S* + 3)b!$+ *CS3+ c!088"!$8MJ+ &b'.k#3&$:<+2-E!$J+ -5&1C
:93+ -S(@( a+2 +LB72+c!088"!$8M1@
`=-E!U(T6>&182CS&#3M5&(S!$88*d!08MS!$'.&$((H12&5&(+ -<823+ 2!F)W 3+ &)
<8*&(2Cd!0+ 3&(A@i2 +UH1+ -:9"!$%%.
)
*+ -&1C]K1+ CSC3 *8+ #3M]+ &)
33)534 )
3 8#f!0  }~E8U!$+ 3&D8& +I
@ b& + [  13SCE!0+d!0 +2PC&`&(+W8#3CS8& +
316>& )P!0+ 3&(=!$CF &!088"!$8MF3!TE!0+ "!$#1%.X6>& )b!$8)
*+  38(H0'+;&(8I!05+  31f!$#3#3M<2g!T8& +;6R8+2&k32+ I!0C
&$6/!088"!$8MQ!0=+ -*(!$#3E!$+23&(W6>8*+ 3&(b6R&(9+ -k:9"!$%%.I@=i&(9~.#+2c!0%%2&N!$8"-*IHA!0CE!$%+2345+ &W)
3 8#f!0  }~E8U!$+ 3&
8& + W3
!J 2I!$28d-\+2&(%38(@18&CAH9:b -&#3C]8&()W%E!$2P+2-S1)5'.F&$6=6>I!0+ 2
2#38+ *C\'NM+ -W~E#3+2P!0C
:9d!0%%.I@bp!$'#SUW -&$:9F+ -51)5'.=&$696RI!$+2 F3`I!$8"-`CE!0+d!0 +UH;+ -WN)5'E=2#38+ *C'1MJ+ -
#33(CmBLi
~E#3+ *Qef&(+ b+2-E!$+528S+ -b~E#3+ W35C%.C1+W&$6+ -b3C8+ 3&(!0#4&(2+2-)QH3+5% * 82'.S+2-bd!0)
b +W&$6
6>I!0+ 2F:9-+ -5 34 [ H.@H&( =!$3("BX9!UM("hH!$CD+ -
1)5'.= #38+2C]'1M`+ -5%#f!0` 23&(F&$69+ -
!$#34&( 3+2-)
!$C
+ -39:9d!$%%ELB7*-E!$8CJ(2 3&(U@9e>;#f!0 c!0"BXg!UMg!0#3:g!UM12c!0#3#6>U!$+  UH &53+C&19&+
-E!U3+ <&$:9 8&(#3)WA@h
p9- !Ud!04(2C8+23&(J8&(#3)WP2-&$:9<+2-5!U("!$4(F%. 8*N+"!$45C82I!$25 N)5'ET&$6
6>I!0+ 2<'.+X:SU!$8"-S8&#)

!$CP3+29E!$+2d!0#j'E8d-)P!$2qQe2 w PO fHTAi`!$C.@k!0 =8&()W%E!$2Cb+ &F+ -Y&( 34.!$#
CE!0+d!$2+IH.E@UBX9i398&()W%E!$2C
+2&5%#f!$3P.@ h@
[ +=!0#2&
31+ 2 +234S+ &b8&)
%E!0 2 #+2'.+X:/*`+ -5& 34(3E!0#.@ W!$#34(& 3+ -) !0CQ+2-5:9d!0%%.CQ 23&(
&$6 [ H<E@Hg!0C c!$3"B79!UM(*I@ap!0'#3DI -&$:9S!088"!$8M2 #+2b6>&PE@H [ :9+2-'. +LB>~E2 +b6R&( :9!$2C
6>I!0+ 2<2' *+/2#38+ 3&AHE@T:93+ -F'E2+XBR~E 2+9'E!$8"q1:9!$ C
i;F:93+2-58&()W%E&CF&(%.d!0+ &(2IH1!$
C =!$3(B79!UM(?:9+2'E!08dq1:9!$2CP8*&()
%.&(C1BX&(%.d!0+ &(9i;j@p9-T6>&(#3#3&$:934=&('2 (!0+ 3&(98U!$b'EY)P!$C(

i&A U!$#CE!0+d!0 +2IH [ BLi;F!$CkE@9%.L6>&(2)!$%% &$K13)P!0+ #3M<+2-d!$)W(HU'+ [ UB i; ;6R:/*A6RI!$+2 U@


i&<+ -
!$ +2}~E8f!$#;CE!0+d!$2+ UH [ BLi;b234(}~E8I!01+ #3Mb&(+2%EL6>&(2)
E@&(J+ -25CE!$+"!$2+ 
e8&(2d!0#7H b&(qjH
b&(q B7#3&18I!$#fh*HN!0Cb 34}~E8I!$1+2#M5316R 3&(93W&(5e B7&06fBBL BL BUIh*@
(

p!$'#35I;p9-1)5'.9&$6;6>U!$+  TbI!08"-SCE!$+"!$2+IH.+ -1)5'E*9 #38+2CJ'NMb9#33C1B i/H+ -YN)5'E9 CS'1M


+ -c%#!03
(*  3&<&06+ - !0#34(&(23+ -)WIH1!$CW+ -1)5'. *CS'1M5+ -:9"!$%%.Cb(*  3&I@
<#3# TAi .@ E@UBXgi; <?BXgi; [ [ UBXgi;
!0+d!0 +
' U!$ +T8I!$8
U
@
@
@
@
@3
@
8#3(
U
I@
@3
@
@ ((@
E@
8 K
U
(@
@
@
@3 I@
@
U(
I(
1
I
1

(
<
-&(2 "BX8&#38

I@
@
E@
@3 I@
@
;3)P!

@
@
E@
.@
@
@
 38"qB7+ -1M1 &(3C

$

 &$M1'.I!$1BX#f!$24(

$.@
(@
U@3
I@ (@
I@
8&(2d!0#

FBX&$6fBB UB UBI
U

b&(qn

b&(qm B7#3&18I!0# U

b&(qm

b&(qm

<d!04(
9C8+ 3&
( 
 
N 
 
 
I 

p!$'#3<U]8&()W%E!$22&(=&$6AE@:9+2- [ BLi;jH$.@ BLi;H !0C c!$3"B79!UM(*XB ij@Up9-9%1BX(!$#18&(#3)WA3C8U!$+ *


+ -c% &('.!$'3#33+XM5+ -E!0+9+ -=8&#)
5'."6>&(23+93/3)
% &$134&$(*g.@
.@
%1BX(!$# E@UB i; %1B7(!0# <?BLi; %1BX(!$#
!$+"!$2+
[ UB i
&( 34.!$#
i :9CmB79i;
9!$8"qB79i;
g!08"q(BX9i
'2I!$2+<8I!08 (@ N @ 0E@( @ @3 (@  @ @ E @( @ @ 
8#3
(@( @ @( @ 
(@  @    @( @  
82K
(@$ @ @( (@ @ (@  @ @ N 0E@( @ @U
(@( @ 0E@( @    $.@  @    @3I @  
<
-& 2"B78*&(#338
(@( @ @( (@   $.@  @ @ E @( (@  
;3)b!
@( @ @( @ @ (@U @ @( @( (@ 
28"qBX+ -1M1 &3C(@( @ @( @ @ (@  @ @( @( @ @ 
2&$MN'.I!01B7#f!0 4( @( @ (@( (@ @ @  @ @( 0E@( @ 
8& "!$#
@( @ I@( @ 
@  @ @( @( @  
 B7&06fBB UB UBIO(@( @3 @$ (@ 
(@U @ @( @( (@  
b&qj
(@( @3 @( @ 
(@  @  
@( @ 
b&qUBX#3&N8U!$# (@( @ @( (@  (@ 1 @   @3I @ @ 
b&q
(@( @ @( @ @ (@U @ @( @3I @ @ 
b&q
(@( @ @( @ @ (@  @ @( @( @ @ 
T("!$4(=2I!$#X
(@
(@ 0
(@ 
@(
T("!$4(!0 + }6d@
(@3I
(@ 
$.@ 
@(

E@UB i;524}~E8I!0N+2#3Mk&+ %.X6R&( )W<E@=&P+X:&F I!0#ACE!0+d!$2+ Fef8#3!$C <=hH1+X:& !0 + }~E8*!0#jCE!$+"!$2+ 


e b&qjS!$C &(qUBX#3&18I!$#fhH!$C Wb 34(}~E8U!$1+ #3M`&(+ %.X6>& )WC'1M.@ @p9-Q2#f!$+2b 2&(b3
 C8CS'1MP@ a6>&/2I!$#CE!$+"!$2+ =!$Cb'1M
(@  6>&(9+2-!$ +2}~E8f!$#jCE!0+d!0 +2I@




-E!$+3/%.2-E!$%9)W&(2+3N+2 * + 3453-&$:^.@ Y!$C c!$3"B79!UM(*9:9+2-56>U!$+  = ' +92#38+ 3&P8*&()
%.!$ @
-3#3k+2- 
!0 5CE!0+d!0 +26>&=:9-38d-`*+2-&53='E+2+ 5+2-E!$J+ -5&(+ -IH;&Q+2-5 I!0#/C.!$+d!0 +2IH.@ 3
 34(}~E8U!$1+ #3Mb'E*+ + *5&(#3MW6>&(Y+ -5-& 2"B78*&(#3385CE!$+"!$ *+IH'+ =!$3("BX9!UM(=3 34}~E8I!$1+2#Mb'.+ +2F6>&c8*#*((H
TkH$;3)P!HI!0C &$M1'.I!$mB7#f!$24((@p9- #f!0+ 3(*  &&$6 c!$3"B79!UM(*A3; )P!0#3#*j'NM5U@3 b@Ai&(+ -9!$2+ }~E8f!0#
CE!$+"!$ *+ IH+ -Y+X:/&
!0 !$'.&(+9*ZN.!$#XE@Y9234(}~E8I!01+ #3M5'E*+ + *<&(b+X:&5CE!$+"!$2+ Fe b&qj(H b&qUBX#&18I!0#fhH
!$C c!$3"B79!UM(*99'.+2+ =&(W+X:/&Se8&(2d!0#7H B7&06fBBL BL BUIh*@

[ Q2)
)b!$2MNH6>U!$+  5 ' +Y #38+23&(`24
+ -5:9d!$%%EF!$%%2&N!08d-J 34}~E8I!$1+2#MW3)
%2&$( [ HjE@
!0C

c!03("BXg!UM=&(S+2-5CE!0+d!$2+ =+2 +2CA@5T`+ -F I!0#CE!0+d!$2+ UHj+ -5:9d!$%%E!0%% &1!$8"-J=8#3I!0 #3Mb %.2&+ &W+ -
~E#3+ *)
+2-&1CA@k2-E!$%k+2-5)
& +<2 % 3 34b * #3+3-&$:a:/*##=
 !$3("BX9!UM(%.L6>&(2)
=&(J I!0#CE!0+d!$2+ Y&(8
C3 8* +2U!$+ 3&!0CW6>I!0+ 2 ' +T #38+23&(Q!0 =C&((@/1&)
9K1%#f!0E!$+2&6>&/+2-k!$%%E!$21+ #3M5-34(-S!$8*8d!08Mb&$6
 !03("BXg!UM=(*Q:9-*`+ -F3C%.C*8P!0 2)
%+23&(=!$ F13&(#f!$+2CAHj!$25K1%#f!$3CS3 &()
34&(9;!$U!$
c
e U((h@ <
 &$:IH;:58I!$`2
+2-E!$+Y`2&()Wk2I!$#}BX:/& #3CQC&()P!03= 8"-D!$ T kH+ -6>I!0+ 25 #38+23&(D2+ %3
3)
%.&(2+d!$1++2&53)
%2&$(9%.X6>& )b!$8@

k9bA;U

f}3j}g$52>$9$0(939">$1AX9U$($$f$1$ ;1I$X"">$31dfd 3";A9Uj$("?f3$1= $21 d

U< 1 1/ $*1f(R/XF "f2 m*$


( 1X* 9

<53C8+ 3& !0#4&(2+2-) g18:' !; + -9CE!0+d!0 +}6j3+)W&1C#3;+ -94FCE!$+"!<+2&1&:/*##.!$CF3+ %2C38+2&/!0 9%.&N&I@


<bK!0)
%#3<&06!0P&$XBX %.8f!0#3*CP-1M1%.&(+ - 3IH&(98#f!0  }~E*IH3<!F#3&1&(q1%W+d!$'#=&P!$#3#j+2-T6>I!$+2 *I@9T(L~E+ +24
3/8*#& #3MF #f!0+ Cb+ &F+ -<'f!$LB7(!0 f!$89+ "!$C&0le )P!0k+9!$#X@.I(H0/23)P!$5*+<!$#X@I$1h6A+2-c!0#34(&(23+ -) ~E+ 
+ -cC.!$+d!F+2&1&5:/#3#XH+ -(!0 f!$8=+ 2)39#f!$24((H!0C
-*8F+ -=&$(*d!$#3#j2 &<3938 U!$ *CA@
b&(2+!$88d!$8*MS +23)P!$+23&(b)
+2-&1CIH.38#3C458 & XBX(!$#33CE!0+ 3&(AH.(!0#3E!$+2+ -F%2C38+ 3k%.&$:/*<&$69!54(3
-1M1%E&+ -23&$(!96RI!$+2 T '2+'NMY +2+ 34k!0 3C93 +"!$8*ce-&(#3C&+; +2dh?+ -E!0+!$ 9&(+2-&$:95+ &=+ -9C8+2&
!$#34&( 3+2-)!0Ck 34+2-)+2&k!$2 29+ -9%2C38+2c!0'3#3+XM&06n+2-<3C8CW-NM1%.&(+2- 3U@; I!0 8"-P!0#34(&(23+ -)a+ -E!0+
K1%#3&(2c!Y#f!$24(=%E& +2&
&06+ - %E!08!$Cb+2-E!$+934(3CCb'1M
+2-!$88*d!08Mb +2)b!$+2/8U!$b8"-&1&( F!F'E!$C6>I!$+2 
 ' +U/!F2' *+<:93+ -S!Y-34(-S!$88*d!08Mb +2)b!$+2<'+9%.&1&(9%2C38+2%.&$:/U@
T(2 F&$6;+ -!$8*8d!08Mb +23)P!$+26>I!0+ 2 ' +T #38+23&(b)P!UMF8I!$ &$X~E+2+ 34F3P+2-T6>I!0+ 2"B72'2+
 %.!$8(@/8U!$2
+ - 
!0 5 &b)b!$1M56>U!$+  5 ' +2IH;3+=3c#33q(*#Mb+2-E!$+=&(k&06g+2-)V#3I!0C=+ &S!W-1MN%.&(+2-2Y+ -E!0+
-E!05-34(-D% C38+23(S!$88*d!08M6>&(F+ - -&(#3C&+k2+ U@ 4(&1&1C]K!$)
%#5&06c&$X~E+2+ 34`8I!0]'Eb -&$:9 34`!
s  rf=s =x -kz>r(s5CE!0+d!0 +Fe><!0CEh:9- F+ -=6>I!0+ 2!$CS+2-#f!$'.#!$28&)
%#3+2#3M5d!$C&()J@/p9-+ &%S4("!$%-b3
i34(2<(T -&$:9?+ -92+ 3)P!0+ C5!$8*8d!08M5(*  + -T+ 2<!$88*d!08MF6>&(;+2-9'E* +&1C9+ -92I!$28"-
-E!0;6>&(C ! 6>+ *
K1%E!0C34 b&1C*I@=<k8I!0S *k+2-E!$+T %.8f!$#3#3MW6>&(9+2-F )P!0#3#E"!$)
%#=&0623PU(H+ - +23)P!$+239K1+ 2)
#3M
%.&N&keR(  &%+ 3)W2+ 38Ih*H3C38I!0+ 3(=&$6&$(L~E+ +24E@Tp9-k'.&(+2+ &)o4(d!0%-=3S+ -~E4 F -&$:\&$(L~E+ +24
3S )b!$#3#
 U!$#}B7:&(2#3C
CE!0+d!$2+ U@
98*1+ #3MNH!c6>:)b!$8"-39#3I!$2342 I!0 8"-2=-E!U(92%E& +2CS+ -<82&( LB7(!0#3C.!$+ 3&5 +2)b!$+2+ -.!$+:/2= C
+ &J4(C5+ -b U!$ 8"-!$5!W~E.!$# +2)b!$+2
&$6<%.L6>&(2)P!$8(H;+ -15!$8"-3134S&$ #3M`&%+ 3)
32+ 38k2 #+2I@ [  + U!$CAH
K1%. 3)
*N+2
234D82&(2XBX(!$#33CE!$+2&D+2&D4(CS+ -  I!0 8"-^)5 +5 *%E& +b+ -`!$8*8d!08M&06 +2-S2#38+ *C6>I!$+2 
 ' +=&!{_w .z(x2z(Rw9+ 2+= +T&(<&b-&(#3C&+9 +2=4(*d!$+2CJ'NMS!0P*KN+2 .!$#;#3&N&%b&$68 & LB7(!0#3CE!0+ 3&(W+ -E!0+<: 
< CSC 34F+ - 6>I!$+2 =2' *+c2#38+2&b% &182I@
p9-
% &('#*)&06g&$X~.+ + 34 J6RI!$+2 W '2+F %E!08
-E!0k'.% *N3& #3MJd!$32C`3`+ -W)P!$8"-3F#3I!$234
8&)
)53+XMb'1MQ`&#3%E2+Pe2I(zUh!$C18"-E! lnSe2I((h*H!$C+ -W ' 8+
-.!$F 8*C])58"-D!$+2+ 1+ 3&D3`+ -
 +"!$+22+ 38T8&()W)53+XM5ef8"6d@ b3#3#*ce2I((h2h@
<#3+ -&(4-Q+2-k+2-& +28U!$#%2&('#3)K13 + UHA&<*KN%.2)W1+ 3C8U!$+ Y+ -E!0+c&$X~.+ + 34b3=)P!0#M
!% &'#3)
:9-J+ -k1)5'.9&$6 +d!08=3= )b!$#3#X@/=&-E!U11&)
)WX~E*#CJe U((h %.&(2+ C`+2-E!$+T&(+=&06?52I!$28d-=6>&
6>I!0+ 2= '2+ T:93+ -
C.!$+d!0 +298&(1+"!$334&$<(=3 +"!$8*IH+2b I!0 8"-T:/* =&(%+23)
3 +28U!$#3#3Mc'!0 Cb'1M5)
& 
+ -.!$
+X:&F +d!0CE!0 C
C1!0+ 3&(g!0C
&<:9!$%E*  3)W2+ 38I!0##3MF'f!$2C
'1M5)
& 9+2-E!$W+X:/&F +"!$CE!0 CWC1f!$+ 3&ceR@
!$2k*KN%.8+2CJ6>&<+X:&
 +"!$C.!$ C C1f!$+ 3&dh*@<-#3=+ -k%2&('#3)o8*#U!$ #3MbK13 +2IHj3+<:9!$T&(+T(2Mb  5&S+ -


Accuracy
Rand - forward selection
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
0

Nodes

100 200 300 400 500 600

Accuracy
Glass2 - backward elimination
85

Accuracy
Breast Cancer - forward selection
82
80
78
76
74
72
70
Nodes
0
20
40
60
80

80
75
70
0

20

40

60

80

100

Nodes

i34(2 9T(L~E+ +24P3b6RI!$+2 F ' +2#38+2&A@=p9-F+ &%S4("!$%-S2-&$:9=+ -F2+ 3)P!0+ CQ!0CS+2 5!$88*d!083
6>& !d!$C&()CE!$+"!$ *+k!$C [ @5p9-5 &#3CJ#33k2%2 1+2
+ -5 +2)b!$+2C!088"!$8MJ6R&(k!W+ "!$334b *+k&06 U(
3 +"!$8*IH+ -T+ -38"q54(2M
#336>&g!=+2d!04 +9&06(=32+d!$8IH.!$C5+2-=C&(+2+ Cb#339 -&$:9/+2-= I!0#A!$88d!$8*MN@
p9-'.&(+2+ &)\4(d!0%-4(d!0%- -&$:J+ -9!$8*8d!08M=6>&j I!0#}B7:&(2#C=CE!0+d!0 +2I@;p9-2&(#33C=#3;3A+2- +2)b!$+2C!$88d!$8*MNH
!$CP+2-=C&(+2+ C #3T39+ -!$8*8d!08Mb&(S!$b3C*%EC1+<+2 +T +U@
CE!0+d!$2+ YK!$)
3*CDe>!0##;CE!0+d!0 +28&(1+"!$3CJ)
& +2-E!$`(53 +"!$8*k3S+2-5+ "!$334W +"h@ b&(2&$(*IH(`}6
+ -c* + 3)b!$+ *g!0 <'!0 CH+ -c!$#34&( 3+2-))P!UM2+ 3#3#j8d-&N& =+ -<8&  *8+96>U!$+  = ' +2<'.8I!$ 3++ -c2#f!$+2
!$8*8d!08Mb+ -E!0+9)P!0+ + * )
&(2+I@
W
b;9 T< ;

V5T=

  
 \Fbb* ^ 

=;<

`9&$:#3&1&(q5!$++ -<%2&('#3)&06j6>I!0+ 2c2'2+9 #38*+ 3&(b!$ I!0 8"-b:9+2-


%2&('E!0'3#32+ 3892+ 3)P!0+ U@Ap9-39!$'2+ "!$8+
13:]4(*d!$#33+ -<%2&('#3)JH(!$C5:<'.#33(93+8U!$
#3I!0C5+ &:%"!$8+28U!$#. 2#3+ IH1}6A+2-c!0' +2d!$8*+/%2&('#3)8I!0
'. &#C
 34
!YC}ln21+c!0%% &1!$8"-b+ -E!0b+ -&= *CP3b%21&9 *8+ 3&(I@
p9-=:9d!0%%E*<!$%%2&N!08d-H(:9-38"-
 <!088"!$8MW +2)b!$+2& !0/+2-=(!$#3E!0+ 3&(5!$C
- 3 +28T6>8+ 3&AH(8*&()
%#}B
8I!0+ T+ -=8&)
)
& +"!$+2"B72%E!$8*k2I!$28d-b%E!0d!0C34()Q@p9-T67!$8++ -.!$+9+ - !088"!$8Mb2+ 3)P!0+ 3&(539!"!$C&()(!0 f!$'#3
3)
%#33+2-E!$+9+2-23982+d!01+XMWb+2-= +2 *CQ2+ 3)P!0+ (@
T:9!UM<+ &TC82I!$2/+2-(!0 f!$8*3j+ &9 + -!$88d!$8*M +23)P!$+23&(e w PO fH BR6>&(#3C<8* &(2XBX(!$#33CE!$+23&(Eh.)W&( + -E!0
&(8c!0C
!U("!$4<+ -< * #3+ UH!$:/T-E!U(9C&((@ [ 8 I!0 34F+ -T1)5'E*&$6j 9 -2qN+ -<8&1~EC8=1+2 (!0#
6>&c+2-5)
U!$AHj'+= Z13 *k)W&( Y+ 3)
(@Fp9-5+2d!0C&$l]'E*+X:/*D)
& k!088"!$+2
2+ 3)P!0+ !$CQ)W&( FK1+ * 3(
K1%#3&("!$+2&&$6j+ -9 I!0 8"-5 %E!0893; "6>*  *C
+ &F!$;+ -9*KN%#&d!0+ 3&( 2K1%#3&+"!$+2&%2&('#3) ef!$#3'#334FI((h*@
`<8U!$b3+ -*9K1%#3&(3+/&qN&$:9#*C4(=!$CW -2q
+ -c8*&(1~EC831+ * (!$#3&$6;+ -=K1%#3&(2Cb&1C9+2&k)b!$q(92 
:c2#38+9+2-= 34(-1+&((H&(:/=8I!0
K1%#3& =:&1C93
+2-=-&(%.=&$6j~EC34k'.+2+ T&1CI@?p9-=+ "!$C&0lQ#3I!$C
(

+ &5+2-T6>&(#3#3&$:934!$'2+ "!$8+T I!0 8"-S%2&('#3)J@



 2!+f4|:A' , m L:! B>4 >
6m
;= =4'$];/ 
354 '; 
  dw5zsQu1s Urfz0{w"t*.jx dz Iryr3{Rrfvw'Iz0yu1z(Rrf(s
 wI"wkzW{>z>wF{
.z(v"w$rfSj.mwUx z>x"{ "wUmw"wUsb{>z>w*{  wU `
u1svU>r(sJC z(G-kzj.E{z5{Rz(RwkR
zWx w"z$y;su8- "wUxD/rfstrfv"z(Rrfs%O*cO(UUt
wY{Rz(RwFr3{
+wksuf- "wIxFx wURuNx*sw"t EemUh
v"%F
- w{ x 
- z5t(r{Rxr Uu1>r(s be
I h* rCk- w"zs  1emUhDG,rfvDbr3{=Cwz(vU>u1z0y u1s ss<Iz0yu1w(cwY{>z>w 
+wOIz0y
r3{R9|stbC w{Rz(Rwr
 rfb
  w*k- z'(M rF- z$yIz0yu1wF"
 1emUh


p9-S)b!$%%34 &$6c+2-3
C~E3+ 3&(]+2&`+ -W6>I!0+ 2S ' +b2#38+ 3&% &'#3)O
!0F6>&(#3#3&$:9I@p9-S2+d!0+ S!$2
+ -5 '2+ UH!$CJ+ -k&%E"!$+2&( F!$ 5+2-F8&()W)
&(b&5e>!0CCAHjC*#*+ (H;8&)
%.&(CEh@=p9-5*(!$#3E!$+23&(W6>8*+ 3&(J3
+ -k!$88*d!08Mb +2)b!$+2&P!088"!$8M1@T#+2-&(4(-b &)
c!088"!$8M  +2)b!$+2&5+ 8"-Z1*IH. 8"-Q!0<82&(2XBX(!$#33CE!$+2&AH
!$2
'f!0 CAH;+2-MJ8I!$'EW1*:/CD!0kN'!0 C`* + 3)b!$+ & =6R&(k!bClj21+kZ1E!0N+23+XM 6R&(K!0)
%#3(H NB>6>&#3CQ82&(2XB
(!$#33CE!0+ 3&(S3F1'f!$2C`6>&CE!0+d!$2+ 5&06< 3     j@`i2+ -* )
& (H6R&()W&NC#/2#38+2&AH+2-3%. 2)W3 )3
&$6)
3&(3)
%.&(2+d!$8='E8U!$25+ -F'f!$T)P!UM58I!08#&+I@T`&$:C28 3'.5:/& qb+ -.!$+96X!$#3#39C=+2-3c4"!$#
6>"!$)
*:/& qF&$6 I!0 8"-S:93+ -W% &'E!$'#33 +238<2+ 3)P!0+ &(2I@
= *
e U((h9C 823'EC-&$:\+ &b8&C8*+k!W-3##}BX8#33)k'34F U!$ 8"-`:9-*Q+2-5(!$#3E!0+ 3&(6>8+23&(S3=% &'E!UB
'3#33 + 38(@p9-=!$#34(& 3+ -)2+ &(%g!0+g!Y&1C<+2-E!$+3g!Y#3&18I!$#.&(%+23)5),:93+ -5-4-
%2&('E!0'3#3+XM1HU'E!$2Cb&(W+ -=- &$l
'.&(C@ g!$Q bq(!$9e2I((hT!$E!0#M1*CQ!$`!$#34(& 3+ -)'E!0 CJ&(J 3)5#f!0+ Cb!$U!$#334P!0CS -&$:/CJ+ -.!$+=3+<:93#3#
~ECb+2-4(#3&'E!$#.&(%+23)5),}643(b&4(-b+2)W(@
S!$2&(D b&1& Se U(0NhH3!0D!$%% &N!08"-`(2M` 3)
3#f!$T+ & = *   IH!0+ +2)
%+2C`+ &  -2qQ+2-
8&1~EC*8
31+ 2(!$#;&$6/+2-
!$8*8d!08M 6>&(!543(J +Y&$6/)W&NC#3IH.1+ 3#;&(F)
&1C*#A8I!0`'EF% &$J+ &b'E5&%+ 3)b!$#j:93+ -J-34(%2&('E!0'3#3+XM1@p9-(!0#.!$+ 3&
6R8+2&b=!524(#3 +2%J #U!U("BX&(B7&+98 & LB7(!0#3CE!0+ 3&(HAr fw fH+ -5!$#34(& 3+ -)3
+ "!$3CW&(5"!$C&)
#3M8"-&  
 `932+d!$8<!$C5+ 2+ Cb&(W+ -T&(9+2-E!$+3/#3"6R+I@p9-<3C8+ 3&(
!0#34(&(23+ -)a C
393 +"!$8B7'E!0 C #U!$ 4EH:9-8"-b#3I!$C9+ &
!$bK1+2 )W#3M567!0 +9(!0#.!$+ 3&5'E8U!$2k+2d!$334F39&(+982d!$2MN@
 +2%`&$6#U!U("BX&(B7&+<3=)
2#3MS!5+ * +&06/:9-+2-k!0Q32+d!$8k3=8#f!$2 }~ECJ8&  *8+ #3MJ'NMb3+ =U!$ * +XBX34-N'.&(U@
<&+ (H1-&$:/IH+ -E!0+ me Uh<!0#3:g!UM1 +2 T3+ -*<!* &5&(<!Y&((@;p9-=3 +"!$8=393+ -98&(2 8*+ #3M
8#f!0  }~E*CAH&
&+I@;p9-39 +2%S)52+'. %.I!0+ CJ)P!0NMF+ 3)W+ &54+<!F U!$ &E!$'#=8&1~EC*8F'E&CA@
p9-F4(*d!$#?CI!53<+2&Qx2z(v"w<8*&()
%.+245)
&1C#3IH1+ 3#;&(Y!8#3I!$T:9I@ &NC#3cC &(% &(+T&$6/+2-k"!$8
:9-J+ -k8&1~EC*8531+ 2(!$#A&06/+ - !088"!$8MJC&1=&(+T&$(2#f!$%S:93+ - + -F8&(m~EC8*51+2 (!0#A&$6+ -5!$88*d!08M
&$69+ -
'. +F)
&1C#9e+ -33k!0E!$#3&(4&(T+ &S3)W%E& 34
!b-34-k!0CQ#3&$:'.&(C`&(J+ -W +2)b!$+2&b6>8+ 3&(J3
+ -  F!$#34(& 3+ -)ef #335IUh h@?p9-"!$8*C<:9-S+ - F3c!F:93UH&<:9-J!$#3#S2+ %c3b+ -#3I!U("B
&("B7&+F8 & XBX(!$#33CE!0+ 3&(-E!U(W'E**KN*8+ *CA@p9-b8&1~EC*8S31+ 2(!$#35C"~E*C!088& C34`+2
& T&NlnC34  
6>& )5#f!Fe T&NlnC34SU((h
s  me Uh  me Uh u  #



    ! "$#%'&#





:9-2 ;emUhF35+ -S!Ud!04(


&06 O(!$#3E!0+ 3&(F!$C 'E&C5+2-b%E& 2'#b2% I!0C&$6=%E&3N+F(!$#3*I@ =3(]!
8&1~EC8b#*(#XH&(58I!0`C+2 )W IH;!$C`-8b!b8&1~EC8b1+2 (!0#;6>&(  emUhH6>2&()+ -
!$'.&$(F6>& )5#f!@
p9-T%E!$%.e !$ &P b&1& 5I$Nh*H(-&$:/IH1C&N*9&(+C282c!$1MF I!0 8"-b-23 + 38(H.!$Cb!$2 )W/+2-E!$+9! ~EK1C
 *+<&$6;)
&1C#3394(3(W'1M
 &)
TK1+ 2E!$# &( 8(@
b&1&(2 j*Pe2I(0NhC 8* 3'E
!0Q!$#34&( 3+2-)6>&96>I!0+ 2k2'2+ *#*8+ 3&(J+ -.!$+<-.!$='E&+ -S34 C*N+2=&$6+ -
!$' + "!$8+=%2&('#3)J;3+<-E!0c!F U!$ 8"-J-23 + 38(H!$CS3+92=+ -F%2&('E!0'3#32+ 38<2+ 3)P!0+ T3Q!F&(mB7+2 31!0#j)P!0U@
p9-
!0#4&(2+2-) C&1k!6>&(2:g!0 CS2#38+2&D!$CJ'E!08dq1:9!$2CQ#33)
3E!0+ 3&(H1'+32+ I!0CQ&06g2+ 3)P!0+ 345+2-
!$88*d!08M
&$6FI!$8"-^!0CCCefC*#*+ CEh6>U!$+  J 34#U!U("BX&(B7&+
82&(2XBX(!$#33CE!$+2&AH9!$#3#9+ -S6>U!$+  b+ -.!$+b8I!$ 'E`!$CCC
efC#3+ C.hk!0 5d!08CJ%E!0d!$#3#3#X@5T  )
34
+2-E!$+Y+ -WC3 + 23'+ 3&Q&06 me Uh3&( )b!$#XH.8&(m~EC8*
31+ 2(!$#3k!$2
2CS+ &5*#3)W.!$+  &)
6>I!$+2 *96>2&() + -=d!08(@
18"-)b!$+d!2I!$28"-Pe b&1&( 9]j=I$1h.;!$&+ -*A U!$ 8"-F(!$2!01+j+ -E!0+!$#3#3&$:9j+d!0q1491+2&<!$88&1+;1+2d!08+ 3&(
'.+X:/*6RI!$+2 U@ [ 2+ I!0C&$6 +"!$2+ 34D:93+2-+2-S)W%+XMD&F6>#3#9 *+P&06=6>I!$+2 *IH9+2-S U!$ 8"-'E*4(3
:93+2-!0#3#
6>I!0+ 2=)P!0 q(*C!0 2q1&$:9A@  !$8"-S+23)
!Y6>I!0+ 2k3<8"-& `!$CSd!08CJ'E+X:J'.34 2 5&( 2&(+U@ T#3#
8&)5'3E!$+2&9&$6 q1&$:9 56>I!0+ 25!$ F2C`3SZ1E!$#?% &'E!$'3#33+XMNH+ -1!6>I!0+ 25+ -E!0+c2-&(#CJ'.
 2 
:93#3#
:93
+2-<"!$8(H(*P}6A8& 2#f!$+ *CS:93+ -
!$&(+ -6>I!0+ 2(@T#+2-&(4(-5+ -)
*+ -&1C
 9+2-=% &'E!$'3#33 +289* + 3)b!$+ *
3P!F9!UM(2f!$b +2+ 34.H+ -c'.!$ 38= U!$ 8"-S2+ "!$+ *4(Mb39 3)
%#39-3#3#}B78*#3)F'34E@
i&4Se U((h?4(3(9'.&(C96R&(9+ -c"!$)W%#3<8&)
%#3K13+XMSef+2-=N)5'E9&06d!$)W%#3&(=*C=+ &58&##38*+9'E"6R&( 
+ * )
3E!0+ 3&(.hb+2- NBL!0 )
*CP'.!$C3+T% &'#3)Q
@ T3 1B [ ^!0%%2&N!$8"-Q!0#3#&$:99+2d!0C34
&0lK1%#3&+"!$+2&P!0CSK1%#3&$B
d!0+ 3&(H(+2-N94(*d!$#3334+2-=!$#3'#334  ;31+ 2(!$#. +2)b!$+2&5 +2d!$+24(MSe!$#3'#334
U((h@ <&$:(*IH13P!0##.8I!0 

*)

+ - :/& 2+XBX8I!$2k'.&(CP2)P!039+ -Yd!$)Wc!0Cb+ -F&(%+23)P!$#+ d!0C&0l'.+X:JK1%#3&(d!0+ 3&(S!0CbK1%#3&(3+d!0+ 3&(W:g!0


)W%3 38I!$#3#3MC*+ 2)
3Cb+ &5'.C&)P!0FC%.C1+I@

oT=;<  Y
p9-5%E!0+ +2 `28&(43+ 3&(J#33+ "!$+  Se 1 "=3+ +2#*
I(H.=3+ +2#* U(H./*1B79!$2d!0+PU((hHj2+d!0+ 3 +28*#3+LB
"!$+  ]e d!0%ES1)W+2-^U(H b3#3#3SI$.H b3##3SU(H T+ *P*+!0#X@9I((h*Hg!0C281+S)b!$8"-3
#3I!0 1B
34`%E!0%E2Qe<#3)5E!$#3#3) 3+2+ 238d-\U(H;<#3)5E!0##33)V *+ + * 38"-,I$EH=3d!`9C#3#kU((z(H;=3d!`
9*C#3#I( IH;=&(&(q(&]I(0NhY8&( 3 +5&06c)P!01MQ28"-)WI!$2 *F6>&(F6>U!$+  b ' +W #38+23&(]+ -E!0+
!$2!0#3#
'E!0 CS&
+2-CE!0+d!F!$#3&(@
b&(2+<)WI!$2 =3b+ -Y%E!$+2+ 2Q28&(43+ 3&(J!$Cb +"!$+22+ 38=#33+ "!$+  5!$ Y)
&(&(+ &38(Hjr fw fH6>&c! Z185&$6
2+ C6>I!0+ 25 '2+  v
2#    Hj+ -5)
I!0 2 `&('.M1 e vh Ae 2#Uh    Ae Nh@ T&(+d!0'#3
 *#*8+ 3&( )
I!0 29+ -E!0+9C&5d!0+ 3X6RM
)
&&(+2&(383+XMk!0 2)
%+23&(P!0 2 3C.!$#A2) &$62Z1E!$2keR<h*HE!0C"2+ CQgB
 Z1E!0 (H0)
33)k))WI!$=2 3CE!0#XH S!$#3#3&$:     e !$#3#3&$:9/I(hHC28 3)W.!$1+.6>8*+ 3&(UH$!$CC2+d!08)
I!0 2IH
 8d-!$
+2-S-E!$+2+d!08d-.!$ M1M1!JC3 +d!08`!$C]C3 48(@ p9-Q )
I!0 2De> C38+23&(2) &06 Z1E!$2dh*H
-&$:(*IHC&1&+&('.M)W&(&+ &(8*+XM1@ji&;)
&(&(+ &386>8+23&(UH('"!$8"-
!0Ck'.&(C5+ 8"-Z1*/8I!05'E9 C5+2&
%2+ - I!0 8"-5 %.!$8(@i23(!$#N3#3 &
e U(0Nh. -&$:D-&$:`+2&<8&)
%+2+ -/2 3CE!0#1 )a&$6 Z1E!0 <eR<h.6>&
!$#3#%.&(2 3'#39 *4( *  3&9&$6 Y6>U!$+  35#* +2-E!$52Kbe h E&N!0+ 340B7%.&(31+;&(%.d!0+ 3&(?%E *4( *  3& 6>2+ -2)
& (H
+ -k+28"-3Z1k8U!$J'EF8&()5'Cb:9+2-S'"!$8"-Q!0CS'.&(C`!$#34&( 3+2-)
9!$TC 8* 3'E*C` + -3=%E!0%EU@ c!0 Cd!
iqNE!$41!be I(h<!$%%E!$21+ #3Mb C328&$(2CJ+ -F'd!08"-1B !$C1BX'.&(C + 8"-3Z1(H:9-38d- :g!0<#f!$+2<3)
% &$(*C
3
/b /E!$Je U((h
@ b&(2+9)P!08d-9#U!$ 43C8+23&(P!0#34(&(23+ -)WC&k&+/&'E*M5)
&(&(+ &389 2+ 28*+ 3&(UHE!0C
2&
+ -T+XM1%E&06/CM1E!0)
38<%2&(4d!$)W)
34=8I!0&(+T'EF2CA@;( :9-J'd!08"-Q!$C 'E&CS8I!0S'.k2CAH.+ -k2I!$28d39 .!$#3#3M5K1%E&1+ f!$#XH!0Cb:9-b+ -* k!0 =)
& <+2-E!$SY6>I!$+2 *IH2'.&(%+2)b!$#.)
+2-&1C9!$ Y C@
1I!0 8"-34b3Q+2-k2%E!$8*5&$66>U!$+  5 ' +2k-.!$='E*` +2C3C 6>&(=)P!01M
M(U!$ U@k1*ZN1+ f!$#'.!$8"q1:g!0 CJ#3)W}B
E!0+ 3&(AH.2&()
*+ 3)
98U!$#3#3CS *ZN1+ f!$#;'E!08dq1:9!$2CQ2#38+ 3&AHj:9!$<31+ 2&1C8C`'1M S!0 3#3# =2]e U((h@==3+ +2#*
e U((hY4(*d!$#33C]+2-bC}ln21+5(!$2!01+ F8#3C34b6>& :9!$2CD)
*+ -&1CUH +2%1:93 S)W+ -&1CUH!$
C 2%#3 1+d!$q
!U:9!UM 1@ ]&$(=9!$)
%.-&(+=e U((h -&$:CS+2-E!$+9*( 6>&(9)5#+23(!$ f!0+ 9& )P!0#3#MFC3 +2 3'+2Cb6>U!$+  UHE&
-3#3#}B78#33)F'34%2&N8*C2
+ -.!$+< k!)
&&(+2&(38=)
I!0 2 !0CS+2-E!$+= *#*8+ &Y6>I!$+2 5!$+=!W+ 3)
=8I!0S~ECS+ -
'. +Y6>I!0+ 25 '2+F&$6<!
C 3 *CD 3 ;(D!b B5!$#34&( 3+2-)o+ -E!0+k!$CC=+ -5'. +F%E!0!0C` )W&$(=+2-5:/& 2+
 34#3<6RI!$+2 F8I!$W67!03#7@ b&(2 *81+=%E!$%. !0+ + *)
%++ &W  [ + 8"-Z1*IH. 8"-`!$9'.I!$)o2I!$28"-Q!$C '3C3 8"B
+ 3&E!$#2I!$28"-eR13C#38"q1n1q1#f!$2q1MPU((hH$'.2+XBR~E 2+< U!$ 8"-Jge <H g!0
\-E!$4
I((h*H(!$C54(*+ 38c!0#4&(2+2-)

e !U67!0/ 
(&4]I(H !U67!0/ 
(&4]I((h*@b<#3#/+2-S!$#34(& 3+ -)
<C 823'EC!$'.&$(52!C+ * )
332+ 38
(!0#.!$+ 3&J6>8+23&(AH!$#3+ -&4(-3D &)
58I!0 W+ -*MD8I!0U!$ 3#3M`'.P*KN+2C*C+ &`%2&('E!0'3#32+ 3852+ 3)P!0+ UH 8d!$=82&(2XBX(!$#33CE!$+2&b+ -E!0+c:F (@F98*1+ #3MNHg!0#!H.(&(4EH c!04EH !U67!03 `8"- #35e U((h9 C`+2-k:9"!$%%.
!$%% &1!$8"-
:93+ -b-&#3C&(+6>&(9!$88*d!08Mb +2)b!$+2&
!$Cb!4+238 !0#34(&(23+ -)+ &F U!$ 8"-S+2-= %E!08(@A!$4(#3MSe U(0Nh
 *N3:C6>I!$+2 b2' *+5 #38+23&(D)W+ -&NC3`)P!$8"-3F#3I!$234Q!0CD8&1+ d!0 +2CD+2-b:9d!$%%E5!$CJ~E#3+ 5!$%1B
%2&N!$8"-*I@9+2q(2&(Je IUh; *CP#3I!U"BX&("BX&(+/82&(2XBX(!$#33CE!$+2&k+2&k2I!$28"-!Y)5#3+ 3C3)F2&E!$#12I!$#}BX(!$#3C52%E!$8
:9-38"-b8#3C6>U!$+  :34(-1+ 93b!$CC3+2&
+2&k&+ -T%E!$"!$)W+ 26>&(#3&18I!$#j#3I!0 34.@
p9-
+2-& MJ&$6< &4(-`2+ FC"~.F&(+2&&06g2#3(!$8*
+ -.!$+k!0 
8*#& #3MJ #f!0+ C+ &b+ -W&(*kC~EC- 
e>;!U:9#f!$q]IUh@bp9-W +F&$6<2+  &4(#3M`2#3(!$1+=6>U!$+  F6>& )+ - '! 1:! !$CD!0NM`2+F&$696>I!0+ 25+ -.!$+k!0##3&$:!
9!UM(8#f!$2 }~E+ &k!08"-3(T+ -T-34(-2+/%.&(2 3'#3<!$8*8d!08M56R&( )W! :! ,9"'  2C8*+98I!$W&(#3M8&1+d!$352+  &4(#3M
 *#*(!$1+!$C5:I!$q1#3M= #3(!01+;6>I!0+ 2I@;!U:9#f!$q5e U(Ih -&$:9?+ -E!0++2-98& <3;+ -91+2 28+ 3&5&$6A!$#3#1+ -92C8+2
!$CP+2-E!$+T(* Mb C8+=8&( 3 +2c&#3M5&$6+ -8&(26RI!$+2 =!$C :/I!0q1#MW #3(!01+6>I!$+2 *I@<;!U:9#f!$qJe I(h:92&(+ 
+ -.!$+&9&$6A+2-9)
& +;3)
%.&( +"!$1+!$CF6RCE!0)
1+d!0#1&(+2&;+ &+2-<2&(4-5 +2/%-3#& &%-1M3+ -TCW+ &C28&$(*
 *CCE!08Mb!$C5C*%EC83='.+X:W6>I!0+ 2IH!0C
+2- =-E!0/'.S!=#3&+&$6;:/& qF&(56RI!$+2 T '2+9 *#*8+ 3&(
8&)
34W6> &)_+ -P2&(4-D2+ W8&()W)5+XMef8"6d@ &NC :9 q1ke2I((hF!$C .f!$2q(&De2I(Ih2h@`-#3W+ -b4(&1!$#&$6
~EC4Q!b4(&1&1CJ6>I!0+ 2
2' *+5Y+ -Wd!$)W(Hc&-E!U1goid!0 8I!e I$1h=-E!U(58*#!03)
CJ+ -E!0+ *#*(!$8bC&1F&+
8* "!$ 3#3Mb3)
%#3M2"6>#3* T6>&(3C8*+ 3&(b+d!0 q1ef2k!0#2&
18+23&(S@(h*@
-3#39:/T8&(81+ "!$+ *CS&(F6>U!$+  = #38*+ 3&(W&$6A *#*(!$1+6RI!$+2 935+2-3/%E!0%E*IH!$
!0#3+ 2E!$+2<)W+ -&1C53+2&
:34(-F6>I!0+ 2IH4(3134=I!$8"-b&(=!=C4 =&06 *#*(!$8@;p9-&(2+ 38I!0#j 2#3+ 9-E!U<'.b -&$:956>&)5#3+ 3%#338I!$+23(

 
   

     









b;L4@;Y;2BD@;G269BD:Q@;8;L4FH+:BDCgI2X;\2@;iE2<RL+I2:7@;@;H+<E
C C9qBE
:Q@L4DODG]H4ODBDBDE
^7@;@-:R:QI
_MZLI
Y;L4HZ:QH+F
CZJjL4L+8;:QE
H4IM H+G
BD:hE2C4@d8;`Ac: :7:Q @v"!$L4:Q#1I
ODODX;\E
BDL4@]:QC4H4:QC L4:QH4:7C4L+:QG<BD^QBD:&@q% C4'[8;BD@;HN:b;_ L+E
E2`;Y;ODOD:7<vMhC+cv8;BD@)X;(hY;L+C4@;8;BDGI
I
C=O9C4_8;:QI
\ HRH+I28;CNE
C+Y;8;OD<: 8;I^)8;G2:NEE
`AO :QES:7J3@-X;_E2E
L+:7L(]H+C4BD@;L+\FhI
E
C@v C4L4I2:QOD::


#3I!$234S!$#34(& 3+ -)


IH1:9-8"-`:&(2qP:#3#;6>&=#3U!$<8*&()5'3E!0+ 3&(9&06/6RI!$+2 We w PO Hj%E* 8%+  &dhbeRj3+ +2#3 +2&(

D!$2)5+ -WI(0Nh*@Ap9-T8&(8%+9&06n+"!$q134k!=:34(-1+ *C


8&)5'3E!$+2&=&$6A8#f!$2 }~E294(d!0#3*/+2-<3CI! &$6A8"-&1&(24
6>I!0+ 25!$C`38&)
)W&(#3M
2"6>2 C+ &Q!0+ -
%2&('#3)&$698&)5'334
K1%. +5!$CN38SeRj3+ +2#3 +2&(JI(HA*d!UB
!08"-XHi2CH c!0 2#3IH <#3)5'.&(#3CAH118"-E!$%32 D!$2)5+ -SU($1h@
1q(!$#f!0qQe U(0Nh9 +2-F:9d!$%%EF!$%%2&N!08d-6>&(T6>I!0+ 2k2'2+ *#*8+ 3&(`!$CS6>&<C*8 I!0 34b+ -5N)5'ET&$6
%2&(+ &+XM1%ET +2&( *CP3b3 +"!$8*"B7'.!$ *CS)
+2-&1CI@ <Y -&$:99+2-E!$+9 M6>:% &+ &(+XM1%.9 &)
+23)
  
8*(@;p9-393
!$bK!0)
%#39&$68"-&1&(234k2#3(!$1+932+d!$8c!09&(%%.&(2CS+2&k2#3(!$1+6>I!0+ 2I@
p; *MSe I(h;C"~Eg! 6>I!0+ 2<+2&'E 0:!m354 :;* }6n+2- =3&96>U!$+  <(!0#39 8"-W+ -E!0+/+2-<%2&('E!0'3#3+XM=&06!
8#f!$2<8"-E!04(T:9-S8*&(C3+2&Cb&(b+2-39(!$#3(@  \%23)P!$2MF6>I!0+ 239+ -1<316R&( )b!$+2<!$'.&(+9+2-8#f!0 9:9-
8& 3C2CS!$#3#.'NMF3+ 2#}6d
@ <T+ -bC~E<! ' BW 8^+ '94 6W7"f4| 9:! !0g!=&(1BX% 3)b!$ MY #3(!0N+?6>I!0+ 2(@; 6>I!$+2 
38&N+2K1+ E!0#j&(#3MF}6A+?-#3%5+2-<8*&(1+ K1+9&06!$#3#&(+2-2I@/&1+ K1+ .!$#6>I!$+2 *<!$ T-E!$2C+ &=~.C
'.8I!0 =+ -M
31(&(#391+2d!08+ 3&(I@;p9-2=C"~E3+2&9!$ =& + -&(4(&E!$#.+ &F&( I! 6>I!0+ 2=)P!UM'.=% 3)P!0 Mk!0C
*+2-92+  &4(#3M
&(9:I!0qN#3M52#3(!$1+IH&(8&(1+2K1+ E!0#!$CP*+2-T + 2&(4#3M5&(9:I!$q1#3M5 #3(!01+I@
138=+ -c31+ 2&1C8+2&
&06+ -c:9"!$%%.<!0%% &1!$8"-Qe(&-b+<!$#X@.I(0Nh*H(:<-E!U<2S3+ Cb3P! 6>: %E!$%. U@
A!04(#3M`V!$4(Je U($.zIh= C]+ -P:9"!$%%.
!0%% &1!$8"-D+2&Q2#38+F6>U!$+  F6>& =!$3(B79!UM(bef'+5:93+ -&+C3XB
82+ 3I!0+ 3&(Eh9!0C
A!04(#3M
\!$4(Fe U($ dh Cb3++2&k2#38+6>I!0+ 26>&g!YI!0 2+XBX34(-1'.&(<!$#34&( 3+2-)Q@j;!$U!$
e U((h;2Cb+ -=:9"!$%%.<!$%% &1!$8"-
+2&k2#38+96RI!$+2 <!0C &(3F6>I!0+ 2ke8 I!0+ = %ELB>6RI!$+2 =+2-E!$+8&()W%E&C
&(+2-2dh6R&( c!$3"B79!UM(*<!$CW -&$:Cb+ -E!0+93+/3C*Cb~EC98&(2 8+T8&()5'.!$+ 3&:9-W6>U!$+  T1+2d!08+I@134(\;2&$(!$Qe2I((h?!$Cb; &$(!0
\134(-Je I(h; *CP+2-<:9"!$%%.<!0%% &1!$8"-
+2&k2#38+6>U!$+  6>&/9!UM(* f!$W+XB
:&( q19!$C52-&$:C
24}~E8I!0N+?)W% &$)
*N+2;&$(+ -T&(243E!$#!0#34(&(23+ -)J@nm+  *+IH S!$41!$"!$ f!0
`&(#3'E* 4
e U((h9 5+ -5:9d!$%%EY + -58&1+ K1+&06g!W#3U!$=% &4("!$)
)W4F4(*d!0#3*I@F<#3#+2-5!$#34(& 3+ -)W9)
1+2&C
!$'.&$(=2!F-3##}BX8#33)k'34=2I!$28d- 4(3@
<-E!5 g!0q(* +ke2I$Nh?2Cb+ -:9"!$%%.6>&93C1+ }6>M134=6>U!$+  2' *+ <3S!Y8#3&(Cb8#f!$2 }~E8I!0+ 3&(W% &'#3)
:93+ -^$6>I!$+2 *!0CI(J3 +"!$8*  F+ -*M8&(8#3CC+ -E!0+b+ -3b)W%3 38I!$#92 #+2S +2 &4(#3M] %%E& +b+ -
8#f!$3)+2-E!$+T+ -Y:9d!$%%ET +2d!$+24(Mb3<2%. 3&(T+ &F~E#3+2<)W+ -&1CU@T-E!
g!0q(2+5e I(h8&)
%E!0 T6>& :9!$ CS!0C
'E!08dq1:9!$2C
6RI!$+2 = ' +T #38*+ 3&(b245+ -=:9d!0%%.c!0%% &1!$8"-P!0CS!'.I!0)5BX I!0 8"-b4(3!0C
8&8#3CY+ -E!0+
6>& :9!$ CF *#*8+ 3&(53;'.+ +2I@ [ 5&+ -?:/& qjHU:/9-E!Ug!0%%#33CF+ -:9d!0%%E*/!$%% &N!08"-5+ &=%E!$"!$)W+ ;+234c!0:#3#
ef2%E*8}~E8I!$#3#3M1H *+ + 34W+ -F%E!0d!$)W+ * 9&$6/.@ Y6R&(9)P!0K1)
!0#%.X6>& )b!$8Uh93bc&-E!U1a(&-De2I((h*@ b#f!$C 8 
e U((h;3C*%EC1+ #3M5K1+ *CCb+ -<2<&$6A:9"!$%%.26> &)\6>I!0+ 2<2' *+9 #38+23&(
+2&k%.!$d!0)
+2+234E@ &N!0q
e U((h?-E!$9C*(#3&(%.CS!Y)
+2-&1C
 3)W#f!0+2&5+ -=:9"!$%%.c!0%%2&N!$8"-WC%.C1+2#M1HE!0C
8*&()
%.!$ *C
)P!01Mk2I!$28d43;6>&j6>U!$+  9 ' +? #38+23&( -&$:(UH$-9:9!$&(+!U:9!$ &$6.+ -67!08+;+ -E!0+;&( -&#3C2<!$FC%.C1+
+ * +<2+96R&(+ -=~.E!$#j2+ 3)P!0+ 3&(
!0Cb *CS+ -!088"!$8Mb2+ 3)P!0+ 3&(52CS+2&54(3C=+ -c2I!$28"-Def2k18*+ 3&(Qh@ 
5 5

 

S!0NM5(!0 f!$+23&(/!0CbK1+  3&(9&06+2-=8 21+<:&(2q


!$ =%.&(2 3'#3(@`T-E!U(TK!$)WC5-3#3#BX8#33)5'4 !0C
'.2+XB
~E2 +5 U!$ 8"-*4(3U@T+2-P!0%%2&N!$8"-*58&(#3C'EbK!$)W3CAH;28"-!05 3)5#f!$+2C`!$U!$#334!0%%2&N!$8"-*5+ -E!0+
(!0#.!$+ =+2-'.+ +2=&1C<)W&(2c+23)
=e>!(!$2-&$(*a=!$ +2kU((h@j&1&(q1345!$+9+ - I!0 8"-AH.:-E!U(=2J+ -E!0+
&(/4"!$#!$2I!T&$6E+2-/2I!$28"-5 %E!08/3;K1%#3&(2CF-I!U13#MT:9-F3+A36>&(C+ &T'E94&N&1CA@ [ +)W34(-1+E'.:/& + -1:9-3#3+2&
31+  &1C8 &)
;C3(*  3+XM=31+ &+ - I!0 8"-AHU6R&(#3#3&$:94+ -?4(*+ 38/!$#34&( 3+2-)^!$C4(+ 38%2&(4d!$)W)
34!$%% &1!$8"-
e T&(#3#f!$C`U((H =&(#3C'. 4JI(H=&(I!JI(h@Tp9-k% &('#*)o-E!$='.`!$'2+ d!08+ *CD!$= I!0 8"-`:93+ -S% &('.!$'3#33 + 38
2+ 3)P!0+ eR18+2&S(hH'+9:=-E!U(=&+9C&(=K1%. 3)W1+ 93S!$P!0+ +2)
%++ &5C2 +d!0CS+2-+ "!$C*&$l`'E+X:
+ -cZ1E!0#3+XM5&06+2-2+ 3)P!0+ 9!$Cb+2- U!$ 8"-S23(HA
r f w H(K1%#3&d!$+23&(b(2 TK1%#3&(3+d!0+ 3&(5*KN%.2)W1+ U@
p9-5 U!$ 8"-J6>&!54(&1&1CJ '2+3=8&(C8+2CD3Q!W(* MS#f!$24(F %E!08(@5`Y-E!U(F +"!$ +2C`+ -5 I!0 8"-J6> &)o+ -
)W%+XM5 +T&$66>I!$+2 * !0CW6> &)+ -<6R#3#j +T&$6;6>I!0+ 2IH'+<&=8I!$b2+d!$2+96>2&()2&()W<&(+2-T+2f!$#.&1C(@/T
%.&( 23'3#3+XM=3+ &Y +2)b!$+2/:9-38"-Y6>I!$+2 *g!0 9 +2 &4(#3M2#3(!$1+IH1!$C5 +d!0 ++2-9 U!$ 8"-6> &),+ -? '2+IH!0#3+ -&4(8&)
%.&(CW&(%.d!0+ & 9 *)o+ &5'.!F%E!$2+ f!$#j!$2:/*<+ &F+ -9% &('#*)Q@<&+ -T%E& 2'#33+XMF9+2&k2+d!0 +c!0+9d!0C&()
%.&(31+ <!$CP8*&(C8+c!F2 3=&$6;-3#3#BX8#33)5'4c2I!$28"-I@`c8*&(#3CS!$#3 &52+d!0 +<:93+2-P+2-= +=&06A6>I!0+ 2= 44(2+ C
'1MP#3*(C1B iH1&(<!0+/#3I!0 +92 F+ -.!$+9+ -92+<3K1%#3&(2CS'1M5+ -Y:9d!$%%E=!$+ &)
<%.&(31+9C234k+2-2I!$28d-@


ODE
@;F2:QL[<;BDH4^QY;H4H4BDE
@RE J9^QE2@]C4:QkC+Y;I2OJK:QI2C+Y;L4:QHUMNI\`A:0JjE
Y;@;<hBD@ 6dY;L+@;:7\ mr)i;I
ODC48;E
Y;F
8C+8;:"<;:?>A@;BDC+BDE2@;H9E
L+BDF2BD@;I
ODOD\NF
BDG
:7@R_:QL4:
JKE2Y;@;<NC+EZ`A:AI _ :7<RI
H9MN:7@]C4BDE
@;:7<=BD@6 Y;L4@;:Q\hm !]r)c
2698;:NL+:7H+Y;ODC4H"BD@v`AE2C+8 b;I2bA:QL4H"`\ [8;I I
@;< 9I2@
:QL4CQidC48;E
H+:ZE J
ODI2<;:Q@;B ^
idI
@;<C+8;E2H+:ZE J 0E
I
M=Y;H4C"`a:NBD@]C4:QL4b;L+:7C+:7<h^QI
Y;C4BDE
Y;H4OD\
`A:7^QI
Y;H4:9C48;:Q\Z_ :7L+:0Y;H4BD@;F"C+8;:U^QL4E
H4H gG I
ODBD<;I
C4BDE @"I
^Q^7Y;L+I2^Q\"Y;H4:Q<N<;Y;L4BD@;F0C+8;:0H4:QI
L4^)8=I2H9C+8;:U>A@;I
O;:7H+C4BDMNI
C4:Q<"ba:QL JKE
L4MNI
@;^Q:I
H9E
b;baE
H4:Q<ZC+E
I
@BD@;<;:QbA:7@;<;:Q@
C.C+:7H+C9H4:QC9E
L9I2@R:QkC4:QL4@;I
O]ODEE
bE J ^QL4E
H+H gG I
ODBD<;I
CgBDE
@tI
H[_:"8;I G
:[<;E2@;:
c

#

)(

! &(

p9-<:9"!$%%.<!0%% &1!$8"-53(* M5 #3&$:@;i&#f!$24(CE!$+"!$2+ UH1+?%.&( 23'#39+ &F T8d-I!$%.<!$8*8d!08M


* + 3)b!$+ 3&
)
*+ -&1CUHE28"-!0<-&#3C&(+UH.&(<C8 U!$ W+ -F1)5'.9&$66R&(#3CI@=i +2- )W&(2(H. &()W3C8* !$#3#3&$:8 )W1+d!0#
&(%."!$+ 3&/&5+ -=8#f!0  }~E* e>!0CC
!$C
C#3+2<32+d!$8dh*H#3I!0C34+ &F+ -<%.&( 23'3#3+XM&06AC&(34Y8 )W1+d!0#E82&(2XB
(!$#33CE!0+ 3&(
!09 44(2+ CJ3P=&-E!U1e I(zIhH+ -1TCd!0 + 38I!0#3#M52C8*4
+ - 345+ 3)
@;<#3+ -&4(-S.@ YC&1
&+c2%%.&(2+38 *)
1+d!0#&(%."!$+ 3&IH +24(&$l^e2I$NhT-E!0= -&$:9`+2-E!$+=+ -Y=%.&(2 3'#3 !0C`-E!0c3)W%#3)
1+2CS!
67!0 + 2&D&06<#U!U("BX&(B7&+=6>&C832&D+2 Se +24(&$l,U((h@bp9-W:9d!0%%E* !0%% &1!$8"-D3k!0#3 &S M`I!0 M`+2&
%E!0d!$#3#3#33(@ [ Q!5&NCkK1%E!0 3&AHj!$#3#;8d-#3C2S8I!0Q'.F(!$#3E!0+ CS3S%.!$d!0#3#*#7H:9-38"-S:93##8+=+ -k234W+ 3)

'1MP! 67!$8*+ &(9*ZN.!$#A+2&k+2-1)5'.&$6!0+ +2 3'+2ke2 w PO fHjU( 6>&( <=h@
[ D+2-&(2MNH?(* MD%.&(2 3'#356RI!$+2 W '2+
3C*N+2}~E5!SC}lj *N+5)W&1C#XHA2&Q+2-
% &('#*)_8I!$'Eb13:C!0
+ -.!$+&06<)
&1C#2#38+2&e>-E!$2+k .88"-3=I((h J +"!$+22+ 38U@ [ 6<+ - b!$ W&(#3MQ!P6>:)W&NC#3IHA!03+ -
8I!0 F:9-S&8"-&1&(2='E+X:`+2- *k3C8+ 3&(S!0#4&(2+2-)
UH1&(Y8I!$S* + 3)b!$+ =+2-k!$8*8d!08MS&06/I!$8"-S&k!0C
 *#*8+/+2-<&9:93+ -5+2-<-34- +!$88d!$8*MQe>m8d-.!UljcU((h&(%.2-E!$%5~EC5 &()W9C* #3M14c+2-& M5+ &Y-#3%
%2C38+=+ -F'. +&Y6>&(=!54(3SCE!0+d!$2+5ef25/"!$C#XH !0)P!F
< MDe2I$Nhg6>&(=!$Q!0+ +2)
%+T+ -E!0+=:g!0<&+
(* Mb 8*8 L6>#3
~.C34
24(#!0 3+ 3T3P+2-51+d!0+dj&45% & "8+"h@i&(<!$#3#'+<+2-F )P!0#3#* +9%2&('#3)WIH1+ -k2%E!$8
&$6;%E& 2'#T6>U!$+  = ' +2<39+ &1&F#!0 496>&9' +2"BR6>&(28=1)
"!$+2&
&06!$#3#.%E& 2'#33+ 3UH!$CW:/=)52+ * &(2+<+2&
- 3 +28Y I!0 8"-A@
98*1+ #3MNH!$44( *4N!$+23&(J+ 8"-3Z1UH &()W+ 3)W=8I!$#3#3CD2+d!08dq134.H;-E!U(W'E*!0C(&18I!0+ C'1M`)P!$1MS%.&%#3
3
)P!08"-3=#U!$ 4EHd!0#A*+X:/& q1IHA!0CS1+d!0+ 3 +2385ef`&(#3%. +U( UH 3)P!0QU($.HEi CQ18"-E!$%2
I(H
18"-E!0%3 =I(HUi2CbI(HU 2&(U((H"= &(4- C#32'NM5U((H1+ 3=I(H*=:/&qk]9!$ +2<U((h@ [ +3
%.&( 23'#39+ &'#3CF)P!0NM=)W&NC#3IH$I!08"-5&(9:93+ -
! C}ln21+%E!0d!$)W+ * +2+ 34&:93+ -
!TC}lj 1+?6>I!0+ 2< ' +UH
!$CQ#3+=+ -)(&(+2k&Q+2-58#f!$2I@F<44(24N!0+ 3&(J+ 8"-Z1* C8
+2-5(!$2f!$8F&$6+ -5)W&NC#3<'1MQ!$44(24N!0+ 34
+ -)QH1'+9+ -MW)P!0q(<3+K1+ 2)
#3MW-E!$2CP+2&k31+ * %2+<+2- * #3+ 3458*#!0 2~.I@

 

=

`5-E!UkC* 82'.C]+ -56>I!0+ 25 ' +52#38+ 3&`% &'#3)J %E212C]#3I!$234EH:9-38"-Q31(&#=3C1+ }6>M134
+ - #3(!01+<&(9 "6>#A6RI!$+2 =3S!FCE!$+"!$2+!$Cb4(3134F&(#3M
+2-E!$+T ' +=+ &5+2-#3I!0 34
!0#4&(2+2-)Q@;`=-E!U
31(2+ 34N!0+ C+ -W #3(!08S!$C3  *#*(!$8b&0696>I!$+2 *IH/!0CD8*&(8#3CC]+ -E!0+k:I!$qD!0C` +2 &4` #3(!08S!$2
*CC`+ &b8I!0%+  5&(c31+ +23&(S'.+ +2I@`-E!U(F+ -Q2-&$:9J+ -E!0+c+2-2
C"~.3+ 3&(!0 F)P!$3#3M52"6>#?:9+2 * %.8+F+ &S!$S&%+ 3)b!$#j #Hr fw fH.g!UM2#3(Hj'+=+2-E!$+TJ%"!$8+28*5&(F -&#3CS#3&1&(qW6>&(T&(%+23)P!$#.6RI!$+2 Y:9+2 * %.8+<+2&k+2-= %.8}~E8=#3I!$2345!$#34(& 3+ -)!$CW+ "!$3342+<!$+-E!$CA@m8"-P&%+ 3)b!$#6>I!0+ 29C&F&(+8* d!0 3#3M
8&  * %.&(CW+ &2#3(!$1+6>I!0+ 2ce3+ -*/:I!$qY&(2+  &4Nh?!$2-&$:9k3
1*8+ 3&(
@@jp9-9&%+ 3)b!$#$6RI!$+2 C%.C
&(J+ -5 %.8}~E8
'!0 F!$CJ-23 + 38Y&$69+ -5#3I!0 34S!$#34&( 3+2-)QH.!$CJ-8*5+ -5:9"!$%%.5!$%%2&N!08d-JE!0+ "!$#3#3M
~E+2/:93+ -5+2-3C"~.3+ 3&(A@;iI!$+2 T #3(!08<-#3%ECW)
&+ 3(!$+28&()W%E&CF&(%.d!0+ & IH1:9-8"-5:&(2qk:#3#35%d!08+ 38
!$C
!$ T82 1+ #3M5+2-<&#3M%d!08+ 38I!0#j:g!UMY+ &8&C8*+9'E!$8"q1:g!0 C52I!$28d-6>&(6>I!$+2 T ' +29 34+2-<:9"!$%%.
!$%% &1!$8"-b:9-b+ -YCE!$+"!$ *+ <-.!U(<)b!$1MY6>I!$+2 *I@
p9-F:9d!$%%EF!$%%2&N!08d-J *ZN2k! I!0 8"-` %E!08(H&(%.d!0+ & IH!
2I!$28"-Q4(3(HA!0C`!$S(!0#3E!$+2&b6>8+ 3&(@
i&(+2-
(!0#3E!$+2&S6R8+2&AH:/W C8 & LB7(!0#3CE!0+ 3&(`!$F&(k!$88*d!08MD2+ 3)P!0+ 3&( + 8"-3Z1(H?'E!$2CD&`+ -
 * #3+ F3Q=&-E!U1<e U(( dh*@
`F-E!U5 C+ -58*&()
)W&(S2I!$28"-D %.!$8W:9+2-!0CCD!$C`C#3+ W&(%.d!0+ & k!0+ -
'E!0 36R&(8&)
%E!0 34=+X:&k2I!$28d-b4(3U;-3##}BX8#33)k'34<!0C
'.2+XBR~E 2+< U!$ 8"-A@?`9-E!U(T+ -*
C"~.Cb8&()W%E&C
&(%."!$+ & ;+ -.!$+; )
& 316R&( )b!$+2&93+ -8"-3#3C F&$6j!$K1%E!0CCF&1C(H0&(+ " +;+2-/)b!$K13)k)(!0#3(@p9- 
8&)
%.&(C=&%E"!$+2&( )P!0q(!'E!$8"q1:9!$ CY I!0 8"-AH$2+d!$2+ 346> &)^+2-;6>#3#$2+;&$616>I!0+ 2IH%d!08+ 38I!0#X@j/* +XBR~E2 +2I!$28d:93+ -S8*&()
%.&(Cb&(%.d!0+ &(2 *)
T+ &
'.5!5 +2 &4b%EL6>&(2)
=!$CJ3)
%2&$( [ HjE@HE!$
C =!$3("BX9!UM(UHE'.&(+23P!088"!$8M1HE!0Cbb8&)
%2- 3'3#3+XM1H(!09)
I!0 2Cb'NMW+ -=1)5'.&$6A6RI!$+2 T *CA@
`k2-&$:CQ2(*d!$#?% &'#3)
T:9+2-b~E#3+ *c)W+ -&NC<+ -.!$+!$+2+ )W%+<+2&
C"~.5 #3(!0853C*%EC1+ #3MS&06/+ -
#3I!$234Q!0#4&(2+2-)Q@Fp9-* 
% &('#*)
38#3C(F.!$'3#33+XMP+2&S *)
&$(5!W6>U!$+  
3`2MN)W)
+2 38+"!$ 4+ F8&8%+2
 8d-D!0  B7&06fBB UB UBIF:9- 52)
&$(!0#A&$6&(Y6>I!0+ 2k3)
% &$(*<%.X6>& )b!$8be>m8+ 3&Q1hHj3E!0'3#3+XM5+2&P38*#C
3 2#3(!$1+F6>I!0+ 2b+ -E!0+
)b!UM!08+ E!0#3#M-#3%%.X6R&( )b!$8*e;K!$)W%#3hH9!$C3E!0'3#3+XM`+2&` )W&$(b8&  *#!0+ C
6>I!0+ 29+ -.!$+)P!UM=-1 +%E*X6>& )P!08Fe>18*+ 3&(b@ Nh*@ T&(+&#3Mk-E!U<:<45+ -&(2+ 38I!0#j I!0 &(9:9-NMF *#*(!$8
 -&(#3C
'.=C"~ECb #f!$+23(=+ &5!$b!$#34(& 3+ -)JHU'+9:<8&C8+2CSK1%. 3)W1+ 8&()W%E!$24+ -=:9"!$%%.<!$%% &1!$8":93+ -S9*#3C1B iH!=~E#3+2c!0%% &1!$8"-
+2&F6>I!0+ 2 ' +T #38+23&(A@
T<8&)
%E!0 3 &938#3C=+X:&5C}ln* 1+96X!$)
3#33&063C8+ 3&!0#34(&(23+ -)WIC83 3&P+2 * !0C c!0"BXg!UMI@
134(~.8I!$1+%.X6R&( )b!$8*
3)
%2&$()W1+=5!$8"-3C`6R&(F'E&+ -A@Di&(Y+ - < CE!$+"!$2+IH?:9-38d-:g!0k*KN+22#3M
(

8&)
%E!0 C53
+2-1+d!0+ #3&(4Y% &8+IH+ -=:9"!$%%.<!$%% &1!$8"-
234 =!$3(B79!UM( *C8C + -T 2&(9d!0+ T6>2&()@3 
+ &5@ eR!2#f!$+2<2 &< *C8+2&b&$6( 5hH1)b!$q134=+?+ -='. +TqN&$:9
3C8*+ 3&(b!$#34(& 3+ -) 6>&(+ -9% &('#*)Q@
TF&$69+ -F)
& 2 %23 34b 2#3+ :9!$T-&$:,:#3#c!0"BXg!UM<%.X6R&( )WCJ&$("!$#3#X@ [ J+ -F4(#3&'E!$#8&()W%E!$22&(
efp!0'#3I(h*H =!$3(B79!UM(:93+ -F6>U!$+  = #38*+ 3&(W&(+2%EL6>&(2)
/.@5ef:93+ -
!0C
:93+2-&(+6>I!$+2 T #38*+ 3&(Eh&5+ -
 U!$#AC.!$+d!0 +2I@
T9K1%E* 3)
1+2/: =C&<&
2I!$#A!0CP!0 + }~E8*!0#EC.!$+d!0 +2I@ [ 
 &)
98I!0 UH+2-= 2#3+ 9(!$23C
C"!$)b!$+ 38I!0#3#M
'.+X:/*Q+2-25+X:/&52+ U@cTF I!0 &S3<+ -.!$+<)b!$1M5&$6+2- U!$#;CE!$+"!$2+ =: 5!$#3 U!$CMW% % &182 C+ &
38*#C
&(#M=2#3(!$1+j6RI!$+2 9e T]'E34T+ -&(#M=K18*%+ 3&(.hH$:9-3#3+2-g!0 +2~.8f!$#(&;38#3C*Ck3 2#3(!$1+6>I!$+2 *&
%2%E& (@?p9-k!0 + }~E8*!0#EC.!$+d!0 +2<: Y)
&(2+ #3MF&(3 B>6>2
eK18%+T)
&(qmhH:9-3#3<+ - I!0#A&98&N+"!$3Cb&3 (@
i3E!$#3#3MNH?+ -J!$ +2}~E8f!$#T% &'#3)
F8&(1+"!$3C-4-1BX&( C
31+ "!$8+23&(UH9:9-38"-)P!0q(
3+5-E!0 C*
6R&(5-3#3#}B78#33)5'}4
!$#34&( 3+2-)
T 8"-D!$FE@W+ &b~EC`+ -5&%+ 3)P!0#6>I!$+2 52'2+I@ `kK1%.8+5+2-E!$++2&(4-% &('#*)
=8&(1+"!$334
31+ "!$8+2&9:93#3#j&N8*8<)W&(29b% &182 CJCE!0+d!$2+ T8&()W34=6>2&()+2- U!$#A:&(2#3CA@
`/-.!U(9!$#3 &T -&$:952&()
?% &'#3)
:9+2-k+2-:9d!$%%E9!$%% &1!$8"-AH$E!0)
#3MT&$(L~E+ +24 !0CF+ -9#f!$24(/!0)
&1+ 
&$6A9 +23)
2Z13 CAH1!$Ck:9C"~EC
+2-9 I!0 8"-5%2&('#3)!$/!0 !0' +2d!$8*+ +"!$+ T %E!089 U!$ 8"-W:9+2-k% &('.!$'3#33 + 38
2+ 3)P!0+ UH!=6>& )5#f!0+ 3&(+2-E!$+)P!UMF8I!0%+ 2=&(+ -94(d!0#j% &'#3)
9!$CW+ -E!0+/)W34(-1+;'E= +2C3Cb3C%.C1+ #3M
+ &=2&(#3(+ -K13 +24c% &('#*)
I@p9-9+ 3)
;3 29 *)
;+ &='.9+ -)
& +)W%E& +"!$1+IH$!$#3+2-&(4-:93+ -#f!0 4(*!0)
&1+ 
&$6CE!$+"!H.8 & LB7(!0#3CE!0+ 3&( 8I!$J'EF *%#f!$8C`:93+2-S-&(#3C&+c!088"!$8MJ2+ 3)P!0+ 3&(W6>&c!$J3)
)WCf!U+ =3)
%2&$()5*N+
3
+2)W9'1M
!=67!08+ &/&06A~E(@T(L~E+ +23453g!Y% &'#3)&06#3 2<3)W%E& +d!08<!0Cb )W/+2&k&188*<)W&( +2#3M3
 )b!$#3#
+ "!$334F +2  j!$9)W&(2<CE!0+d!Y<!U(!03#!0'#36R&(9+ "!$334.H(&$X~E+2+ 3453+9'1M58"-E!$8*39)58"-
-E!0 CU@
[ b %. 13 *CS8#f!$2 }~E8I!0+ 3&(W#U!$ 4EH1+ -cZ1* + 3&P&06:9-*+ -=!=6RI!$+2 =3P!FCE!0+d!0 +93 #3(!0N+9+2& !Y4(3
%2C38+ 3&S+d!0 qb39#* < "6>#+2-E!$ + -Z1* + 3&S&$6:9-+2-!Y6>I!0+ 23<2#3(!$1+9+ &W+ -Y% C8*+ 3&(S+"!$2q
4(3
!Y#U!$ 4k!$#34(& 3+ -)Q@ [ 6+2-=4(&N!0#E3+ &F&(%+23)
3<!$8*8d!08M1H1&(T -&#3CP!$2q5:9-+2-c!Y *+9&$6j6>I!0+ 2<3&(%+23)P!$#
6>&c!F+d!0 qb4(3S+ -#3I!$234P!0#4&(2+2-)!0CS+ -+ "!$3345 *+I@ }ln21+c!0#4&(2+2-)
-E!UC}ln* 1+='f!$2c!0C
!Y6>I!0+ 2+ -.!$+9)P!UMF-#3%b&(k!$#34(& 3+ -))b!UMk-12+c!0&(+2-I@13)
3#f!$2#MH$C}ln* 1+<+2d!04k2+<2*<)W4-1+3)
%#3M
+ -.!$+9!=C}ln* 1+9 *+/&06j6>I!$+2 *9?&(%+2)b!$#X@ [ 6A&(#3M5!= )b!$#3#+2d!$334=2+934(3(*AH(3+)P!UM='.<'.+ +2<+2& C8=+ -
1)5'./&06;6>I!$+2 *c!$CP+2-1<2C8Y+ -k!0#34(&(23+ -
)  ;(!0 f!$8* :9-*S)
& <32+d!08=!$ Y4(3(H1)
&(296>U!$+  
8I!0P'.8"-& b+ &52C8*k+2-!$#34(& 3+ -
)  '!0I@

U T<D 


/WT?Z \

`<:&(#Cb!$#3 &F#33q(9+ &5+2-E!$q5 !0 #A.4(6>&(-3-#3%b6>&(2)5#f!$+24<+ -:9d!0%%E*9CI!@;`T:/&#3C5#3q<+ -.!$q


&(
!$&NM1)W&(213:/* I@TS *N3:6>&(2)5#f!$+ *C;K!$)
%#
H:9-38"-]35)58"-D'.+ +2
+2-E!$]&(5&( 34.!$#
K!$)W%#3(@9;!$+c!$4#3MNH <38"qP+2+ #32+ &((H <3#3<3#3 2&(AHj!0CQ+ *cp;2Mb4N!U-#3%16R#j6>*C'E!08dqb&S+ -F3CI!0
!$Ck%2 *N+"!$+2&A@ !0 1&)
)WX~E*#C=3)
%#*)
1+ *Cc#f!0 4(9%.!$ +2&$6j+ -9:9d!$%%E? GF   e=&(-E!U1+!$#X@1I((h*H
!$CQ!$#3#A&06+ -FK1%E* 3)
1+2c:2kC&234 GF @  &(24(&(-  T:/& qb:g!0<2%%.&( +2CJC! c!$+23&(E!0#
1838ki&(C.!$+ 3& ="!$CE!0+ 9* I!0 8"-Qi#3#&$:92-3%A@

o9=
9T

<-.!H @0,@e U((hH p;&(#3"!$+ 34T&(32MNH$32 #3(!0N+!$CF&$(*#n!0+ + 23'+ *35 +d!08"BX'E!0 CW#U!$ 4 !0#34(&(23+ -)WEH
 s>wUxsz>r(sz0y1(u1xsz0yA"Jzs  Jz(vDrfsw
ERuNtrfw*{ n e UhH1%%@E( ((@
<-.!H @;,@/ g!0q(2+IH<Y@@Te I$1hH/iI!0+ 2S #38*+ 3&(6>&58I!$2"B7'.!$ *C^8#f!0  }~E8U!$+ 3&&06c8#3&C]+XMN%.UQT
)W%3 38I!0#N8*&()
%.!$ 32&(AHU3
x (r%s O >w*{<" TC 
w ddd  
(x ${"j.Q(sz${wmk<z0{wdt9w"z${srfs%OH1%%A@.I
I@
<-.!H @a@n g!0q(2+IHAY@j@;e U((hH.8&()W%E!$"!$+2=(!$#3E!0+ 3&(b&$6 Z11+2!0#;6>I!0+ 2k2#38+2&D!$#34(& 3+ -)
IH
3 @.iA32-< k@.jHCUH9x Uv"wdw"trf%s O0{ (  w/r C   sRwIxsz(Rrf(sz0y
(x ${"j .D(<
s d=xRr |vUrfz0y  sRwyyPr OwIsvdw
zst
ERz(Rr3{Rrfv{Hi+I@.A!0C2CE!$#3(Hi;H%%A@j m@
<-.!H @",@3H=3'#3IH @<#3'E* +IH `@*5@(e U(IhH [ 2+d!08"BX'E!$2CF#U!$ 4<!$#34(& 3+ -)W .HJz(Dv rsw w"z(xsr%s O e2Ih*H
%%@( (@
<#3)5E!0#3#3)bH F@E 3+ +2 38"-AH.p@ 5@Ae2I(Ih*HEjU!$ 45:9+2-S)P!01M52 #3(!01+6>I!$+2 *IHj3 rfsC  z>r(sz0ys 
wUx wUsv"wI
s d=xRr |vUrfz0y  s>w*yfy3Pr O(wUsv"wUH [ p^ 2IH.%%A@.$N m(@

"

"

"

<#3)5E!0#3#3)bH k@A 3+ +2 38"-AHp@ 5@;e U($1hH"jI!0 34b'.&1&(#3I!$ 8&(8*%+ F3Q+2-5%2 8b&$69)P!$1MW2 #3(!01+
6>U!$+  EHBd=x*>r |?vIrfz0y  sRw*yfyrPOwUsv"w  e2"B (h*H1%%A@E( m(@
<C 2&(AH..@E@
S!0+ 2d!H `@e I(hH KN%#&d!0+ 3&(&$6/!0P38* )W1+d!$#XH1'E!UM f!0P!$#34&( 3+2-)6>&98I!$+24(& 3I!UB
+2& EH Jz(Dv rfsw w"z(x*srf%s O  %%A@( (@
9+ q &AH9=@ 5@9e U(IhH 24`#&18I!0#3#MJ:34(-1+ C]24(2 2&]6>&5 &('.&(+5#3I!0 34.H3 x Uvdw"w"t(rs%O${S(Pw 
t d=u1> -kz>r(sH1%%@E( ((@
 s>wUxsz>r(sz0y (/s wIx2wIsvdwY(s 9 "(Rrfv*{z(s$
9!$#f!H9.@3H<&(4.H95@9k@ @3
H c!04EHTE@3H !U67!0
H k@9`8"-2#3I
H k@=e U((hH <M1' 3C#3I!$234D234D4+28
!0#4&(2+2-)
<!0C`C8*23&(D+2 *F6>&(=%E!0+ + * D8*#!0 2~.8I!$+2&AH;3=@;j
@ b#3#33 -AHCA@3H 9x Uv"wdw"trf%s O0{
" 
 
w   
s >wUxsz>r(sz0y1(rfs=s wUx wUsv"wk<
s d=xRr |vUrfz$y  s>w*yfy3Pr O(wUsv"wUH b& 4N!0b !016>)b!$
;'#32-2IH [ 8(@3H1%%A@.U
$E@
1BXg!0 d!0+IH `@je U((hH 2&$6AC32+d!$8=)
I!0 2IH1316>& )b!$+ 3&k)WI!$2 9!$C
2 &(9'.&(C9356>U!$+  =(!$#3E! B
+2&AH13P;@Y@1c23 -E!0f!$-S,?@ k@!0E!$#XH1CUH Yz(st dU b(
ERz(Rr3{>rv{H &(#X@H T&(2+ -1B <&##f!0CP;'#32-34
&)
%E!0NM1H$%%@(( m(@
 #33UH k@.e U(IhHp9-= <+2 =2I!$28d-J!$#34(& 3+ -)J.^'. +LB>~.  +9% &1&$6;% &18C (H.35=@1`''.< k@ T#32 &(H
CIH wdzt(rfs O${rf<
s d=x*>r |?vIrfz0y  sRw*yfyPr OwUsv"wIH b& 41!$b!$16>)b!$
'#33 -2IH [ 8(@3H%%@( (@
#)QHk@9@_93 +UH<@@=e U((hH p;"!$334D!D B7&NCS"!$#=+X:&(2q3 =B78*&()
%#*+  .H YwIu1x2z$y YwI 
x 0{ %%A@jI nI@
&NCCMNH `@U U!$AHUp@(e2I((h*HI1&#3N34+ 3)W"B7C%E*C1+A%#!034% &'#3)
UH3 k@Uj@I123C-E!$"!$AHUC@H 9x2Iv"w"w"t(rfs O${
( P w y3 w UwIsC   s>wUxsz>r(sz0y 1(rfs(=s *wIx2wIsv"wJ(c
s d=x*>r |?vIrfz0y  sRwyfy3Pr OwIsv"wUH &(#X@;H &( 41!$]!$16R)P!$
;'#32-2IH [ 8(@3H1%%A@E( m(0E@
d!$*C3#7H1;@3H Y!$)P!H.@ T2MNH1=@Ee2I$Nh*HN-.!$d!08+ * 334+2-c!0%%#338I!$'3#33+XM=&$6A8#f!$2 }~E8I!0+ 3&(
!0#34(&(23+ -)WA24
)W+d! B7#3#A#3I!0 34.HE3`i@E24N!$C.!$&Q@ @nT!$C+IHjCIH 9x Uv"wdw"trf%s O0{ ( k w u1x D .w"z(s (=s wUx wUsv"w5(s
Jz(Dv rsw w"z(xsrf%s O@
 3)P!0AH1@.e I$1hH$9!$44(34%2C38+2&( UHp;8"-38I!0#n%.&( +<m+d!$+23 + 38 %E!0 + )W1+IH 3 2+XMF&$69!$#3}6>&(2f!<!0+
 q#3M1@
 3)P!0AH;@3Hi23C)P!0AHE
@ k@3HT#3 -*AH/Y@AF@o1+ &(H/=@E@9e2I$Nh*H;y3z${"{r |v"z(Rrfszst 9_w Ox w*{d{rfs Ex2w"w{H
D!0C :&(2+ - [ 1+2 E!0+ 3&(.!$# =2&(%A@
1+ 3(H,@je U((h
H "jI!0 34F8#f!$2 }~E8I!0+ 3&(b+ 2 EH
.>z>r3{Rrfv*{ zst  -.ju1>rfs O b e>(h*H1((H%%@E( m@
9!$2C3(H=@je U((hH  34FC832&b+  *<+2&5)W% &$98I!$2"BX'E!$2CS#3I!$234EH3 9x2Iv"w"w"t(rfs O${" YC w .wIs   sRwIxsz 
Rrf(sz$y (/s wIx2wIsvdwF(s Jz(Dv rfsw w"z(xsr%s O(H b&(24N!0
!$16R)P!$
;'#33 -* IH [ 8@H1%%A@E m@
9!$2E!$.!HAY@ni23+d!$4.H @;e I$1hH = *CM`!$+ +2 3'+25 #38*+ 3&(AHJ,@.,@j&(-D
k@ <3 2-AHjCUHJzwv rfsw
w"z(xsr%s O  9x Uv"wdw"trf%s O0{ ( 
 w y'w UwIs   sRwIx*sz(Rrf(sz$y(=s wUx wUsv"wUH b&(24N!$`!016>)P!0Q;'#32-2IH [ 8(@3H
%%@( (@
"!UBX/f!$8d-7H k@3H;i2CH 5@H c!0 2#3IH @3H <*#)5'.&(#3CAH @A;@3HA18"-E!0%3 (HY@9@AD!$2)5+ -H @A5@e2I(0Nh*H
T&$:D+ &Y TK1%E2+<!$C138(Hp;8"-38I!0#E9%.&(2+ 9?B 9<.B $0BLH j@$&069!0#36"@ &)
%+ / U!$ 8"-bA!$'H
!01+d!F (H.k@;TP*KN+2C*C!0' +2d!$8*+<!$%%.I!$2CS3S1p<= @
2+ 3qjHj=@e2I((h*H ; +2)b!$+245% &'E!$'3#33+ 3U9,828f!$#?+d!$2qS3S)P!08"-3=#U!$ 4EH.3Q@j=@.<3#3#3&EH.CA@3H9x2 
v"w"w"t(rf%s O0{"  wFsrfsC  u1x D .w"z(s =s wUx wUsv"wkI
s d=x*>r |?vIrfz0y  sRwyfy3Pr OwIsv"wUH1%%A@N n*N@
&$(*IH;p
@ `@o9!0)
%.-&+IHE@ @ @/e2I((h*H "<+ -W%E& 2'#W&(2C 34k3`+2-b)
I!0 2)
1+= *#*8+ 3&(
%2&('#3) EH
  .x z(sm{zvIRrfs1{cs B
EU{R w -YD{ Jz(8s z(st?
 E "wIx*swIRrfv*{ !  e>hH%%A@( (@
!$"!$d!0+ -1M1H$c@ @Ee2I((h*H Yw"z(x w*{ YwIPr O' "x   =x -Y {    9z(RRwIxs;y3z${"{r |v"z(Rrf(s .wdDv sr Iu1w*{H [   D&)5B
%+ <1&183+XMS;2 UHjj&(9T#f!$)
3+2&(IH9!$#3}6>&(2f!@
 !0 N+"!$"!$IH=@@=e U(IhH 2C2+d!08"BX'E!$2C\!$+ +2 3'+2Q2#38+2&^)WI!$2 6>&(WC83 3&^+2 J3C8+23&( .H

Jz(Dv rsw w"z(xsrf%s O %%A@E (@
1 "(UH(;@F@(=+2+ #3UH(.@Ne2I((h*H 9z(R>wUxs9w"v"D O(sr>rfs id
ERz(Rr3{Rrfv"z$%y dG..nx Uz(Dv H; 1+28*"B =!$#3# [ 1+ * E!0+ 3&(E!0#X@
&N!0qnH?E@9e2I((h*H<](!0#3E!$+2&D&06<6>I!0+ 2S *#*8+ 3&( )
+2-&1C !0C]+ -*
!0%%#338I!$+23&(D+2&Q8*&()
%+ 52823+XMNH
p;8"-38I!0#A9%.&(2+<9B ( BUH  23+XM
&$69!$#3}6>&(2f!=!$+ !U1U@

"

"

"

"

"

"

 



"

&()W4(&(UH;@/!0I!0XH `@<e2I((h*H/M&(C]3C*%EC8D8&C3+ 3&F6>&(5+2-S&%+ 3)P!0#3+XMJ&$6=+ -  3)


%#3
'E!UM f!0D8#f!$2 }~EUH?@!$3+ +"!H?CA@3H Qzvwrfsw w"zxsrfs%O  x Uvdw"w"t(rs%O${b"Sw +rfxRw"wIsC  s>wUxsz>r(sz0y
=s wUx wUsv"wIH b& 41!$
!016>)P!0P'#33 -2IH [ 8(@3H1%%A@I( nI@
&(4-2+XMNH.E@3H.=&(-E!U1XHEY@j!$-E!0)
XH `@;e U((hHj1%.2N32C!0CS %. 13 *C`C3 82+ 3I!0+ 3&(J&$6/8*&(1+ 31&(
6>U!$+  UHE3bk@.; 3C+23<@92 #3#XHCIHJz(Dv rfsw w"z(xsrf%s O 9x Uv"w"wdtrf%s O0{"  w w*y *C   s>wUxsz>r(sz0y
=s wUx wUsv"wIH b& 41!$
!016>)P!0AH%%A@I$ m(@
s d=sz$y EU{r3{H$CbC3+2&AH1(&-b3#3M
,1&I@
d!0%EUH F@E@11)
3+2-AH k@e U(Uh8H dG..Eyrwdt 9_w O(x2w{"{rf<
w d=sz$Cy EU{r3{H13#3M1@
CE!H@ =!$2+IHE;@je2I((h*H z(R>wUxs ;y3z${"{r |v"z(Rrf(s z(st
Ev"wUsr
i.!UMNM1!$CAH @ `@e IUhHjTS+ -F3C8*+ 3&(S&06C83 3&Q+2  6>&(9)5#3+2%#T8&(8%+#3I!0 34.HE;- + -* 3IH  9
%+UH b38"-34N!$ 3 2+XM1@
i.!UMNM1!$CAH @ `@E [ d!0XH5@.c@;e2I((h*Hp9-k!0+ +2 3'+2 #38*+ 3&(J% &'#3)  C83 3&S+ 2k4"!$+2&AH.3 .wUs 
Yz(Rrf(sz0y (=s *wIx2wIsv"wF(s d=xRr |vUrfz$y  sRw*yfyPr OwUsv"wIH [ p^;2 UHj%%A@jU$ j(U@
i&(4.Hg;@,@@=e U((hHZN.!$1+ 3+d!0+ 3(  + CM]&$6k-1M1%E&+ -* 3b #38+23&(AHT3F@9; 3C3+2b_j@92 #3#XH<*CIH
Jz(Dv rsw w"z(x*srf%s O  9x2Iv"w"w"t(rfs O${<( < w ?wy C   sRwIx*sz(Rrf(sz$y (=s wUx wUsv"wUH b&(24N!05 !016>)b!$k'#33 -2IH
[ 8@H1%%A@E( (0E@
i CAH @9e U((hH;&1&(2+ 34`!J:/I!0q`#3I!$234!0#34(&(23+ -)'NM)P! &( 3+XM1Hj3 9x2Iv"w"w"t(rfs O${b" bC w +rx t d=ssu1z$y
W(x 0{"D .
s % - .nu1>z>r(sz0y w"z(xsrf%s O +w"=x E$HU%%A@I( mU@*p&<!0%%.I!$ [ 16R&( )b!$+2&<!$CF&()
%+d!0+ 3&(A@
i CAH @U18"-E!0%3 (H$@ 9@1e U((hH*DC8*23&(1BX+ -*&( *+ 3894(d!0#3I!0+ 3&(=&06m&1BX#3?#U!$ 4<!$Ck!0!$%%#338I!0+ 3&(
+2&Q'.&1&( +234EH3 9x2Iv"w"w"t(rfs O${b" bC w
.wdv"st u1x2D .wdzs (/s wIx2wIsvdwJ(s % - .nu1>z>r(sz0y w"z(x*srf%s O +w"(/x E$H
1% 34(*XB  #f!04EH1%%A@ (@
i 3(!0#7H 5@ @3#2&(AH1@,@.e U($1hH d4(2 2&
'1M5#3I!$%g!0C
'.&(C .H Ew"Dv s -kwURxrfv*{  efNh*H(%%A@1N
((@
=)b!$AH$j@3H$3 + &18"qjH9@( & "!$+IH1@1e2I((h*H Td!0#+X:&(2q1/!$CF+ -9'f!$ 0(!$2!08C3#3)
)b! EH YwIu1x2z$y
 -.juNRz(Rrfs %%A@j NN@
=E!$27HE@ k@3H9A!04(#3M1H9;@gi3 -*IH @Te U((hH b&1C#3
&068 )W1+d!0#<8&8%+6>&(2)P!$+23&( .?H d=x>r |vIrz$y
 s>w*yfy3Pr O(wUsv"w %%A@( @
=32'E24EH `@@je2I((h*H {"{wUsRrfz$y}{" d=xRr |vUrfz0y  s>w*yfy3Pr O(wUsv"wUH b&(24N!$b!$m6>)P!0
;'#33 - UH [ 8(@
=&#C'E24EH @9@1e2I((h* H 9wIswIRrfiv dTy O(xrf  -Y{rfs
.wdzx Dv 8W.nRr -Fr Uz(Rrf(s Az(stJzwv rfsw w"z(xsrf%s OHITCC3 &1BX` #3M
;'#32-345&()
%.!$1MNH [ 8(@
=&1&1CAH [ @1E@e U((hH +w {>Nr -kz>rfsS"  9x dz IryrfRrfw* { ?d=s {"{z E
s JItwIxs kT%z E$w*{rz(s JwUC It0{H `@ [ @ p@; 2I@
=23IH@;e U((hHj;2&('E!0'3#32+ 38-3#3#A8#33)5'34b9p9-& MQ!0C`!$%%#338I!0+ 3&(UH3S.@ =#f!$24(&$:\@ c!0C#3M1HE*CIH
9x2Iv"w"w"t(rfs O${9" TC w Yrfs  zsz(trfz(s=s wUx wUsv"wc$
s d=x>r |vIrz$y  sRw*yfyPr OwUsv"wIH b&(24N!0k!$m6>)P!0 '#33 -2IH
[ 8@H1%%A@E m@
c!08&18"qjH1p@@.e I(hH1<b+2-=C 
8#3+XMk&06A~EC34 )b!$#3#8& 32+ 1+9C8*23&(b+ 2IH %'#33 -C S!01 823%+IH
=!$ (!0 C 3(*  3+XM1@
<&1"ljC34.H<,@Te U((hH "; &'E!$'#33+XMD3*ZN.!$#33+ 3F6>&
 )

&06k'.&(CC^"!$C&() (!$2f!$'#3 EH1(u1xsz0y ( Q w
dL-FwIx*rfv"z(s
ERz(Rr3{>rfv"z0By d={"{IvUrfz(Rrfs  %%A@jI m(@
<&#3#!0CAH*E@ F@1e I(h H dTt(jz .nRz(Rrf(sFrfs5sz>u1x2z$yNzstzx>r |vIrz$y(={ EU{R w -Y{ 9z(s5rs>x2Itu1vIR(=x E9zsz$y EU{r3i{ rf FDz ..Eyrvdz>r(s1{
R
Ir$yD OE'/v"(sRx 0Py z(stbzx>r |vIrz$yArfsRw*yfyPr OwUsv"wIH [ p\;2 U@
<M1!U~E#XH1@1\93(* +IH1@1@.e U((hH d&( + 28+24k&%+ 3)P!0#1'3E!$2M5C83 3&5+  *<3 =B78*&()
%#*+  .H  =s (/x -kz>rfs
9x2Iv"w*{"{r%s O wIR>wUx"{ e Ih*H%%@jI jI@
(&-AH 5@3H=&(-E!U1XH@1,.4(UH5@je U(0NhH [ 2 #3(!01+6>U!$+  =!$CW+ -= ' +T #38*+ 3&(b%2&('#3)JH(3 Jzwv rfsw
w"z(xsr%s O  9x2Iv"w"w"t(rfs O${="  w y'w UwIs   sRwIxsz(Rrf(sz0y =s wUx wUsv"wIH b&(24N!$W!$16>)b!$H(%%@jI nU(@
(CCAHE@Ae U((hH dTS+2-=8&()W%#3K13+XMk&06#3&1!$C342-E!$#3#3&$:*d!0#A+X:&(2q1 EH 1(u1xsz0y"  % - .EyDw Mrfm E %%A@I
U(@
!$#3'#334.HN?@E;@je U((hH wdzxsrfs O
rfs - "w"t(tw"t 1
EU{R'w -{H [ p^; * I@



)

"

"

"




"

"

"

"

=3d!H0 @19C#3#7H@$F@e U((zIh*H$p9-6>I!0+ 2<2#38+ 3&5% &'#3)Qjp;"!$C3+ 3&E!$#)


+2-&1C!$C
!T:!0#4&(2+2-)QH
3 .wUs z>r(sz0y (s/wIx2wIsvdwF(sd=x>r |vIrz$y  s>w*yfyr O(wUsv"wIH [ p ;2 UH.%%A@jI jI$.@
=3d!H5@ 9*C#3#XH?@jk@e U( "hH%d!08+ 38I!0#g!0%%2&N!$8"-`+2&b6>I!0+ 25 #38+23&(AH;3 9x2Iv"w"w"t(rfs%O0{
"5wYrfs
 s>wUxsz>r(sz0y (s/wIx2wIsvdwY(s Qzvwrfsw w"z(xsrs%O(H &( 41!$b!$16R)P!$
;'#33 -* IH [ 8(@
=3+ + #3UHFE@
e2I((h*H ]4   * d!$#33d!0+ 3&(\CZ1*#Z1*D!$#34(& 3+ -)Wb &(XBX&(%+2)b!$KC 8"-28"-^C  * )5'#*
C !0+ + 23'+ UH13 9x2Iv (s O(xw*{9w"v"(sszr3{"{z(sv"w5t(w*{A=x -Fw{wU .x z(r>'w -kwUstw{  -k'z O(w*{@
=3+ + #3UH.@je I(hH wdz>u1x2w
Ew*yw"vU>r(sSzst MRx z(vURrf(sH<8I!0C)W8=; * IH [ 8H8"-E!$%+ =H1%%A@ (@
=&(-E!U1XH1@.e I$1hH1iI!0+ 2= '2+<2#38+2&P!09 I!0 8"-b:9+2-
%2&('E!0'3#32+ 3892+ 3)P!0+ UH(3I
 ddd  Az0yfy 1
E!-.${rf8u s 9w*y'w Izsv"wIH%%A@AU( nI@
=&(-E!U1XH$@1e U(zIh*H$p9-%E&$:&06EC8*23&(5+d!0'#3IH0 k@$!UN"!$89j@$`2&('.#XH$CUH x Uvdw"w"t(r%s O${9" 9 w u1x j .mw"z(s
=s wUx wUsv"wks Jz(Dv rsw w"z(xsr%s O(H.j8*+ 2
 <&(+2<3ST +2~.8f!$# [ 1+2#3#348k.H1% 34  #f!$4.H #33AH
T3C#3'E* 4EH <: /& qjH1%%A@I$ nU(@
=&(-E!U1XH1@je U( "hH1\ +2CMW&$68 & LB7(!0#3CE!0+ 3&(
!0Cb'E&1&+  +2d!0%
6R&(<!$8*8d!08Mb +23)P!$+23&(
!$C
)
&1C*#j #38+23&(AH
3S=@jj@ b#3#32-AH*CA@3H x Uvdw"w"t(r%s O${F" FC w     sRwUxsz(Rrfsz$y 1(rfs(=s wUx wUsv"w5(Y
s d=x*>r |?vIrfz0y  s>w*yfy3Pr O(wUsv"wUH
b& 41!$
!016>)P!0
;'#32- UH [ 8(@3H1%%A@jI( nN@
=&(-E!U1XHj@;e U(v"hHj`"!$%%. T6>&A*X6>& )P!08;-E!08)W1+!$C`T'#313&( 83 3&
 =d!0%-UH;- + -* 3IH
1+"!$16R&( C 3 2+XM1H&()W%+2gm838FC%E!0 +2)
1+I@;1p; BL9NB7p<gBLUBI(H
6>+2%AD A0 +d!0 2MN@  +"!$16R&( C@ *C $%' $2&(1M1 q $+2I!@ %U@
=&(-E!U1XH1@,id!0 8I!H1c@e U($1hH 2"6>#6>I!$+2 =2' *+ !$CW &4(-b *+9 C8+ UHE3 +rfx2t  sRwIx*sz(Rrf(sz$y W(x 
"{ j .(s (!u O 
EwUf{5z(st
E" *% - .nu1Rrf%s OHj%%A@I mI@T<#32&!0%%.I!$2C`3
E" *% - .nu1Rrf%s O '1MQj3Q!0C
3#3C'. 4I@
=&(-E!U1XH(Y@((&-AH 5@e U((hH0<+2&()P!0+ 38%E!$"!$)
*+ 2#38+2&5'1Mk)W)W349* + 3)b!$+ *C5 2&(IH35k@1; 3C+23
j@92 #3#XHCUHJz(Dv rfsw wdzxsrfs O 9x Uv"wdw"trf%s O0{( bC w w*y *C   sRwUxsz(Rrfsz$y (=s wUx wUsv"wUH b& 4N!0
!$m6>)P!0
;'#33 - UH [ 8(@3H1%%@E(0 I@
=&(-E!U1XHAY@n1&()W)
L~E#3CAH @e2I((h*HAiI!$+2 52' *+k2#38+ 3&` 34b+ -5:9d!$%%EY)
&1C#X<T(*X~E+2+ 34Q!0C
CM1E!0)
38F I!0 8"- %.!$8b+ &%E&#3&(4(M1H;3 +w rfx"{  sRwIx*sz(Rrf(sz$y(/s wIx2wIsvdw (sFs yw" t Owr{v" IwU=x EJz(st
Yz(Rz Jrfsrfs O(H%%A@jI jI(@
=&(-E!U1XHIY@I`&(#3%. +UH @ k@1e U((hH*/f!0A%#3(!$ f!08;C8&)
%.&(2+23&(T6>&(j* &0B7&/#3& j6R8+2&IHU3k?@I!0+2+d!H
C@H Jz(Dv rsw w"zxsrf%s O  9x Uv"w"wdtrf%s O0{S" S w +rfx*>w"wUsC   sRwIxsz(Rrf(sz0y =s wUx wUsv"wIH &( 41!$]!$16R)P!$
;'#32-2IH [ 8(@;<(!0#f!0'#3c!$+
-1+ +2%AD A0 &('.&(+238I@  +"!$16R&( C@ *C $ 2 $2&(1M1qj@
=&(-E!U1XH/Y@3H/1&)
)
*X~E#3CAH @/ &4(- +XM1H.@<e U((hH !$+d!J)W334b 34 S
 k o)P!08d-
#3I!$234
#33'd!0 M`3
 FH93 .U$y}I
{ rf 5d=xRr |vUrfz$y  sRwyfy3Pr OwIsv"wUH [   &()W%+ * 1&183+XM]; * IHT%A@;p;&`<%%EI!0I@

       ! " @
=&(&q&EH [ @e U(0NhH; +2)b!$+24P!$+2+ 2'+ UF<E!0#M12!0C`K1+  3&(F&$6<9*#3"6"Hj3i@/24N!0CE!$&J?@ @
T!$C+UH1CUH 9x2Iv"w"w"t(rf%s O0{"  w u1x j .mw"zs (=s *wIx2wIsv"wF(s Jzwv rfsw wdzxsrfs O(@
=&(&q&EH [ @e2I((h*HTS'f!$2=b2+ 3)P!0+ 34F)5#3+ }BX(!$#3C
!0+ + 23'+ *IH.3=@jj@ b#3#33 -AHCA@3H 9x2Iv"w"w"t(rfs O${k( 
 w  C   sRwIxsz(Rrf(sz0y1(rs(=s *wIx2wIsv"w5I
s d=xRr |vUrfz0y  sRwyyPr OwIsvdwUH b&(24N!0P!016>)P!0P'#33 -2IH [ 8(@3H
%%@jI(0 jI$1@
=&(I!H1E@je2I((h*
H gwUswU>rv9x D Ox %z -*-Frf%s O  9sbC w9x D Ox %z -*-Frf%s O5( % - .nu1RwIx"{  EJw"z(s1{"  z(Ru1x z0y
Ew*yw"vU>r(sH
[ p; 2I@
= &4(-AH$F@I C#3 '1M1HUE@1e U((hH <*d!0#+X:&(2qc* )5'#*IH$82&(2(!0#3C.!$+ 3&AH!$CF!$8+2/#3I!0 34.HUl
 dT%t Uz(sv"w*{
rfs wUuNx2z$y  =s (/x -kz>rfs 9x2Iv"w*{d{rfs O B
EU{>'w -Y{H &(#X@1H [ p\;2 U@
=:/&qjHEj@.,@.9!0 +2IHj=@;e U((hH b#3+ 3%#3=C832&S+ 2UHj3Y@ @Em8d-.!$8"-1+ UHjp@jj@E1+2+IHj@ k@.!$E!0#
.@i/@.j)W)
UH$CUH$#sv"wUx>zrfs
Ekr<
s d=xRr |vUrfz$y  s>w*yfy3Pr O(wUsv"wUH;#3 13cm838k'#33 -2IH%%A@E( m(@
A!!$2-&$(HE;@jac!$2+ UH9@Ae2I((h*H
ENr -kuyz>w"tbz(ssw"z$yr%s O +w"(/x E
z(st d .%..yrfv"z(Rrfs1{HE=#31:/*<<8U!$C)W38k;'1B
#33 -* I@

"

"

)

)

A!04(#3M1H$;@1e I$1hH$1#38+23&(F&$6E2#3(!$1+6>I!0+ 23)P!08"-3#3I!$234EHU3$ddd  Az0yfy


BE!- .m0{rfu8-,(s 9w*yw'Izsv"wIH
%%@jN n*(E@
A!04(#3M1H$;@(!$4(H(j@e2I$EzUhH [ C8+2&5&$6j #38*+ 3(9'E!UM f!0k8#f!0  }~E* IH139x Uv"w"wdtrfs%O0{<"9w .wIsC (s=*wIx 
wUsv"w<s #sv"wUx>zrfs
E=rfl
s d=xRr |vUrfz$y  sRwyyPr OwIsvdwUH b& 41!$!$m6>)P!0;'#33 -* IH [ 8(@3H$1I!0+ +2#H(SFHU%%A@$(
1(@
A!04(#3M1H$;@$!$4(H1j@1e I$ dh*H(T'#313&(AC8*23&(F+  */!$C !0' +2d!$8*+8I!$2IH3 W(x rf%s O Y(Rw{9" 9 G
w ddd   
W(x 0{"D .`(sz${w mk<z0{w"t 9w"z${(sr%s O(H<T [ ;2 UHnmI!$+2+ #3(H%%A@j(U nI@
A!04(#3M1H1;@H [ '.!H1,@ p9-&()W% &AH(5@je2I((h*H1<S!$E!0#3MN23/&06'E!UM f!$W8#f!$2 }~E2IH3 9x2Iv"w"w"t(rf%s O0{c(  wF>wUs 
sz>r(sz0yv"(=s *wIx2wIsv"wF(sSzxRr |vUrfz$y;rfsRwyfy3Pr OwIsv"wUH1<T [ ; 2c!0C [ p  2IH.%%A@( (@
j3-.!$ +UH k@. .88"-3XH1,@e U((hH JItwy
Ewy3w"vIRrf(sH(&-b3#3M
,1&I@
j3+2+ #3 +2&(H F@e2I((h*
H dI!$234
Z138"q1#3MS:9-J3  *#*(!$1+!$+ +2 3'+2k!0'E&CAT:a#3I!$LB7+2- 2-&(#3C`!$#34(&0B
2+2-) .H Jz(Dv rfsw w"z(x*srf%s O b %%A@( U@
j3+2+ #3 +2&(H F@E D!$ )5+ -AH `@5@e I$1hH 2p9-=:/*4-1+ CS)b! "& 3+XM !0#34(&(23+ -) EH  =s (/x -kz>rfsQzst% - .nu1Rz 
Rrf(s   e>hH1%%A@I m((@
S!0##3&$:9UHN=@.@je U((hH "1&()W98&()W)
1+2&(   EH .w"wv s% -FwU>xrv{  %%@E( ((@
S!0 3#3#7H1p@.
= *AH @ `@;e U((h
H "< + -ln8*+ 3( F&$6 *8%+2&( Yb28&(43+ 3&(b2MN2+ )W .H
  .x z(sm{ 
zvIRrf(sm{ s  /s (=x -Fz(Rrfs +w"(/x E  %%A@j( nU@
S!0 &(HAF@A &N& (Hk@,@;e I$1hH T&NlnC34b"!$8UF<88*#*d!$+234S)
&1C*#2#38+2&` I!0 8"-J6>&c8*#!0 2~.8I!$+2&
!0CJ6>8*+ 3&(`!$%% &$K13)P!$+23&(AH.3c
 d<t Izsv"w{
rs wUu1x z0y  =s *(=x -Fz(Rrf(s9x Uv"w{"{rf%s O B
EU{R w -Y{H &(#X@j
H b& 4N!0
!$m6>)P!0
;'#33 - UH [ 8(@
b3#3#3IHUk@*E@1e U(0NhH "1#38+2&&$6. '2+ ;&06E 4 2 3&(F(!$2f!$'#3 EH 9% E$z0y
E>z>r{Rrfv"z$y
EUvUrfwI
Eid f %%A@I( 1N@
b3#3#3IH1F@1E@Ae2I((h*H
Eu {wU
.wy3wdvURrf(sSrs 9_w O(x2w{"{rfsH-E!$%)P!$
!0C c!0##X@
b32qNM1H `@.@E;!$%.2+IHjj@Ae2I((h*H 9wUx v"_w .j>x2(s1{ zs  sRx Ut(u1vIRrfsQR  -.juNRz(Rrfsz$y 9w"% -FwIR=x E$H [ p,;2 U@
;K1%E!0CCbC@
b#f!$C 8( H @e U((hH;T+ &)P!$+2CD)W&1C#2#38+ 3&AH   (x ${"j .^(s Fs% y3w" t Ow 'w Uwy JUt(w*yrf%s Oz(st
Jz(Dv rsw w"z(xsrf%s O@
b&1C2":92q17H `@je U((hHiI!0+ 2c2#38+2&b 3452&(4-
 *+ <+2-& M1H1b;@1c@/"!$C#XH1C@H x Uvdw"w"t(r%s O${="  w
u1x2D .wdzs (/s wIx2wIsvdwF(s Qzwv rfsw w"z(xsr%s O(H.1%24(UH1%%A@EI m(@
b&1&(2(H$F@Ia@ j(H `@(j@1e U(0NhH 
8**N+!0#4&(2+2-)
6>&A)
33)53348* &(2(!$#33CE!0+ 3&(T 2&(IH3,@U,@$&(-
k@ T3  -H/*CIHJzwv rfsw w"z(x*srf%s O  9x Uv"wdw"trf%s O0{P"  C w y3 w UwUsC   sRwUxsz(Rrfsz$y (=s wUx wUsv"wUH b& 4N!0
!$m6>)P!0
;'#33 - UH [ 8(@
b& +UH=@ `@9@e U((hH *83 3&(W+  *c!0CbCf!$4("!$)W EH d    -.ju1>rfs O
Eu1=x U'w EU{ f ef1hH%%A@( ((@
b2%-1MNH;@ @E\T-E!H @1,@je2I((h*H [  %.&(23+ &(2M
&06)b!$8"-39#3I!0 34FCE!$+"!$'E!0 UH

                
  !     .@
b2+ -1M1Hj@Na!$#3'.24EHj@je2I((h*HN&N&q(!$-U!$CP!0C
%.!$+ -&(#3&(4Mk35C8*23&(b+ 2=C8+2&AH13P=@1j@ b#3#33 -AHCA@3H
9x2Iv"w"w"t(rfs O${
( P w     s>wUxsz>rfsz$y1(rfs =s wUx wUsv"wS(c
s d=x*>r |?vIrfz0y  s>w*yfyr O(wUsv"wIH b&(24N!0D!$16R)P!$
;'#32-2IH [ 8(@3H1%%A@AU( nU((@
c!0 Cd!H `@;@(iq1E!$41!H$5@e2I((h*H '"!$8"-5!$C5'.&(C !0#34(&(23+ -)6>&6>I!$+2 92'2+/2#38+2& EH  
.x zs1{z(vU>r(s1{=(s% - .nu1>wUx"{ jb eR(hH.1%+2)5'.IH%%A@U ((@
<*+ UHE@3HD!$2 2)P!$Hj,@A=+ *IH `@ k@e2I((h*2H d .%..yrfw"t rfsw"z(x
E>z>r{Rrfv"z$y QUt(w*y{H;$2C`C3+ 3&(H [ 2:9
T&()
*:/&1&1CAH [ @
;!U:9#f!$qjH ;@e U(UhH 9!u O 
EwI{H=#31:/9T8I!$C)
38c'#33 -2I@
;!U:9#f!$qjH ;@9e U((hH "9&(4(-` *+ Ib% 21+5 +d!0+ S!$CD+ -
6R+ 2 EH Au1st(z>rfs1{S" % - .nu1Rrf%s O`zst Yw"vIr3{rfs

EvUrfwUsv"w{   e> B71hH1%%A@jU( nI@


;!$U!$XH `@.@ce2I((h*H91I!$28"-346>&(5C*%EC83J3'E!UM f!$]8#f!0  }~E* IH=3 @9iA32-P k@9j(H<*CIH
9x2Iv"w"w"t(rfs O${<( < w | *C   sRwUxsz(Rrfsz$y W(x 0{"D .Q$
s d=x>r |vIrz$y  s>w*yfy3Pr O(wUsv"w=z(st
ERz(Rr3{>rfv*{H(i+I@1A!0C2CE!$#3(H
i;@

"

"

"

"



"

"

"

"

 2&(H @je I(hH [ )


% &$134= 4 2 3&(S* + 3)b!$+ 3&AA!U(*d!$434k)W+ -&NC6>&9(!$2!08T C8+ 3&( :9+2-
K1+21B
2&9+ &F4(*d!0#A8&1(KW)
I!0 2c&%+ 3)WU!$+ 3&AH(;- + -* 3IH/2&$:9 3(2 3+XM1H;-1MN238 %+U@
;2&$(!$A
H 5@ `@V134-AH @<e U((hH9I!$234Q'.!UM(2!0]+X:&( q1W 34J6>U!$+  S2#38+ 3&AH93 @/i3 -P
F@n(HCUHx Uvdw"w"t(r%s O${5" F w<|| C   sRwIx*sz(Rrf(sz$y W(x 0{"D.(sYd=x*>r |?vIrfz0y  sRwyyrPOwIsvdw5zst
E>z>r{Rrfv*{H
i+I@!$C CE!0#3(HEi;H1%%A@1( 1N@
T3#f!$AHE@AY@Ae2I((h*H [ C8+2&Q&06C83 3&Q+2  EH Jzwv rfsw w"zxsrf%s O  %%A@j jI@<% 31+ *CQ3S1-E!U1#33q
!0C 3+ +2 38"-DeCI@h 9w"zt(rf%s O0{krfs Qzwv rfsw w"z(xsr%s O(@
T3#f!$AH0E@(Y@Ne2I((h*H   9x2w Ox z -+{ (x Jzwv rfsw w"zxsrf%s OH b& 41!$F !016>)b!$k'#33 -2IH [ 8(@3H(&(T#+2&(UH
9!0#}6>& f!@
T3#f!$AHE@1@.e U((hH1T(2 I!0 8"-34
!0C5#f!UM(2C
2I!$28d-b35)W%3 38I!$##U!$ 4EH
=@@ b*##33 -H(C@H 9x2Iv"w"w"t 
rfs O${9" 9 w     sRwIx*sz(Rrf(sz$y 1(rs =s wUx wUsv"w<(*
s d=xRr |vUrfz$y  s>w*yfyr O(wUsv"wIH b&(24N!$Y !016>)b!$k'#33 -2IH
[ 8@H1%%A@AUI nU($.@
9*C#3#XH?@A 1 -1AHY@e U((hH djU!$ 4S-E!$2C`8&(8%+2k+2- &4(-`8& +2 8*+ 3(WC8+2&A=6Rd!$)W:&( qS!0C
"!$+ 3&E!$#3 .H  -.juNRz(Rrfsz$y  sRwyyPr OwIsvdw ef1hH T&$()5'.IH1%%A@$1 m(@
9& 1'#f!0+ +IH.i@e2I((h*
H p9-F%. 8*%+ 2&(A9a% &'E!$'#33 +238c)W&1C#j6R&(9316>& )P!0+ 3&(52+ &d!$4k!$CS&(24N!$U!$+ 3&
3
+2-='d!0 EH ={ E$Dv $y3w Orfv"z$y9'w Irf'w  %%A@( 1N@
9  *##XH(@I.@$ <& 134EH$;@1e I(h H d=x*>r |?vIrfz0y  sRwyyPr OwIsvdw ?d JUt(wUxl
s dG..nx Uz(Dv H; 1+28*
 c!$#3#XH [ 8(@3H;4#*:/&1&1C
#3}lnUH <:(*  *MQ(((@
18"-E! lnUH(=@1e U((hH dm#38+ 34=!98#f!0  }~E8U!$+ 3&c)W+ -&NCY'NMT8 & LB7(!0#3CE!0+ 3&( EHJzwv rfsw w"zxsrf%s O  n e Ih*HU%%A@1I
*N@
18"-E!0%3 (H.@9@je2I((h*
H p9-= +2 4(+ - &$6:/U!$q5#3I!$2E!$'#33+XM EH Jz(Dv rfsw w"z(xsrf%s O e>(h*H1%%A@jU( (@
13C#38"q1XH,@1q1#f!$2qNM1H.@9e U((hH dT!$+2&()P!0+ 38F6>I!0+ 2b #38+23&( .H  sRwIxsz(Rrf(sz0y 1(u1xsz$y<" 9z>RwUxs
9w"v"D O(sr>rfsSz(st d=x*>r |?vIrfz0y  sRwyfy3Pr OwIsv"w b e>hH1%%A@I m(@
134-AH @;2&$(!$AH @ `@9e U((hH8&)
%E!0 3 &`&$693C8+23&(!0#34(&(23+ -)W96>& #38*+ 3(S!$C`&(1BX *#*8+ 3(
'E!UM f!08#f!$2 }~E2IH13 Jzwv rfsw w"zxsrf%s O  x Uvdw"w"t(r%s O${9" TC w w*y *C   s>wUxsz>rfsz$y (/s wIx2wIsvdwUH$%%@$N
(@
1q(!0#!0qjH @1=@Ae U(0NhH1;2&(+ &+XM1%Ek!0C56RI!$+2 2#38+2&b'NMWd!0)
%#334!$Cb"!$C&))5+"!$+ 3&5-3##.8#33)5'34!$#34(&0B
2+2-)
UH$3
,@1a@N&-P k@ T2 -AH1*CIH Qzwv rfsw w"zxsrf%s O  x Uvdw"w"t(r%s O${( c w y'w IwUs   s>wUxsz>r(sz0y
=s wUx wUsv"wIH b& 41!$
!016>)P!0P'#33 -2IH [ 8(@
1+2 +UH.,@ k@3H S!04N!0d!$2f!$AHF@E?@\`&#'.24EH1,@ F@Ae U((hH1TbC8+2=#U!$ 4 !0%% &1!$8"-b+ &5%2&(4&(2+ 38
%2C38+2&AH13 Qzwv rfsw w"zxsrf%s O  9x Uv"w"wdtrf%s O0{"  w w*y    sRwUxsz(Rrfsz$y (=s wUx wUsv"wU@
p!UM1#&IH.=@H b38"-3(H @Em%34N!0#-.!$#3+ UH @;e U($1hH Qzwv rfsw w"z(x*srf%s O  wUu1x z$y;z(st
E>z>r{Rrfv"z$y ;y3z${"{r |v"z(Rrf(sH
;!$"!$)W&(1+/;'#32-34 [ N+2 .!$+ 3&E!$#X@
p9-2\wIFz$y <e U(IhHp9- b&q  5% &'#3)
U
o%.X6R&( )b!$8*P8*&()
%.!$ 32&(D&06cC}lj *N+W#3I!$234D!$#34(& 3+ -)
IH
p;8"-38I!0#A9%.&(2+<
B 9B BU(H19!$24 b*##3& 3(2 3+XM1@
p; MNH.;@ @e U((hH ;K1%#3&(3+ 34F8&(1+2K1+c:9-S#3I!$2345+ &W8#f!$2 }6>M1H3S;@=@Ed!0C3#XH.CA@3H 9x2Iv"w"w"t(rfs O${k( k w
u1x2D .wdzs (/s wIx2wIsvdwF(s Qzwv rfsw w"z(xsr%s O
  0H%%A@11( 1N@
p; MNH$;@ @e U((hH*p9-3C1+ }~E8U!$+ 3&c&068&(1+ *KN+LB722+23(?6>I!$+2 *IH1!?6>&(2)P!$#UC"~.3+ 3&(&068&(1+ *KN+6>&(8&(8%+
#3I!0 34.HI3 @$='E!$+ @I C)
UHI*CIH x Uvdw"w"t(r%s O${<( 9C w W(x 0{"D .S(s w"z(xsrf%s OFrfs (s>Dw M( 
EwUs1{rfRr Iw
Y% -Fz(rfs1{H1%%@N m@.<#32& !U(!0#f!0'#3/!$ c!0+ 3&(E!0#E9* I!0 8"-S&(8*#.&$69!$E!0CE!=p;8"-38I!0#n%.&( 
+ 5((@
+24(&0lH(;@9@1e2I(0Nh*HITk3)W% &$Cc!0#4&(2+2-) 6>&(8 )W1+d!0#N3C8+ 3&&$6EC83 3&(F+ 2UH(3 Jz(Dv rsw w"z(x*srf%s O 
9x2Iv"w"w"t(rfs O${="  w y'w UwIs   sRwIxsz(Rrf(sz0y =s wUx wUsv"wIH b&(24N!$W!$16>)b!$H(%%@I m(@
+24(&0lHA;@ 9@?e I(hH 83 3&(J+ 253C8*+ 3&(S'.!$ *C`&(J 
831+=+  *5 2+  8+ 234EH;p;8"-38I!0#9%.&(2+k( BUH
3(2 3+XM5&$6 S!0 d!08"-N +2+ IH.T)
-2 +U@
! 67!$XH F@A F(&(4EHj5@e2I((h*H  +285!$#34&( 3+2-)
<!0 !W+2&N&#6>&(T6>I!0+ 2k2#38+2&`3S)P!08d-#3I!$234EH.3
(u1x   s>wUxsz>rfsz$y(/s wIx2wIsvdwbs .I0y<
{ rC Yd=x*>r |?vIrfz0y  sRwyyPr OwIsvdwUH [   ,&)
%+ 1&183+XMD;2 UH
%%@(( m(@

"



"

"

"

"

"
"



"

"

! 67!$XH F@j F(&4EH.5@;e I(hHj9&' +6>I!0+ 2k2#38+ 3&!0#4&(2+2-)


UH13 r   sRwIxsz(Rrf(sz0y (s=wUx wUsv"w5(s
.U$y{Lrf$d=xRr |vUrfz$y  s>w*yfy3rPO(wUsv"wUH [   &)
%+291&183+XMP;2 UH.%%A@( ((@
`&(#3%. +UH @ F@;e I(zIhH dTS+2-k8*&(*8+ 3&( 'E+X:`31BXd!0)
%#3T+ 2+ 34P!0CS4"!$#33I!$+2&S2 &(EH %- .Ey3wwM
B
EU{R w -Y{ %%A@11 m0E@
`&(#3%. +UH @ k@Ae2I( "hH dm+d!$8"qCb4(*d!$#33I!0+ 3&( .H wUu1x z$y YwI
x ${ %%A@.$E m(@
<H ?@3H 9!$AHU;@I]-E!$4EHUp@(e2I((h*H +~E2 +; +2d!$+24(MT6>&.6>I!0+ 2/2#38+ 3&AH$3 rfs   sRwUxsz(Rrfsz$y(s/wIx2wIsvdw
s 9z(RRwIxs 9w"vdD OsrfRrf(sH [   ]&()W%+2gm&N8**+XMP;2 UHj%%A@( (@
g!0AH @j
bq(!$XH k@;e U((hH d1+2&N8"-E!0 +28YC3 82+ 5&%+ 3)
3I!0+ 3&( EH
Erf%z -  (sRx 0yzst W.nRr -Fr Uz(Rrf(s n eR(h*H
%%@($ mI@
/AH=@ /.!$AHc@9e2I((h*H 2)
& F 
831+F'd!08"-!$C`'E&CD!$#34&( 3+2-)o6>&=6>I!0+ 2
2#38+ 3& EH 9z>RwUxs
9w"v"D O(sr>rfs b e>(h*H1%%A@.(( m(@
.f!$2q(&EHY,@Fe IUhHFp9-DC28&$(* M1H !0E!$#3M1 3UHk!$C, *% 21+d!0+ 3&(&$6bCE!$+"!C%E*C8**D3,CE!0+d!0'E!$2IHF3
5@!0+ +2 q1MBLm-E!$%32& ,@i"!U:9#3MNH1*CIH ks% yw"'t O(w r3{v"% UwU=x E5rfsYz(Rz "z${w*{H [ p\; 2I@

"

"

"

Você também pode gostar