SUMMER TRAINING PROJECT REPORT ON

EMPLOYEE HEALTH AND SAFETY

AT VERKA MILK PLANT GRDASPUR (PB)

IN THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF AWARD OF DEGREE OF MASTER ADMINISTRATION M.B.A

SUBMITTED TO:

SUBMITTED BY: SHUBH KARAN

STUDENT DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project report entitled, ''Employee Health And Safety at Verka Milk Plant, gurdaspur submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Business Administration to GNDU COLLEGE JALANDHAR is my original work and not submitted for the award of other degree, diploma, fellowship, or any other similar title or prize.

Place: GURDASPUR

SHUBH KARAN

PREFACE
The main purpose of summer training is to supplement the theoretical knowledge with practical knowledge. This report is an endeavor to assimilate and put towards all the knowledge and experience that I have got during the training period in Verka milk plant India Limited (GURDASPUR factory). An employ spends about 8 hours at the place of work during any working day. He must be provided with such types of facilities which will maintain his health and keep him interested in his work. It is the responsibility of every management to ensure workers health and safety. Healthy working conditions and industrial safety are directly related to the efficiency of the worker that is why I have chosen this topic for the summer training. The research during the summer training is going to play a very important role in developing self-confidence for my future. The knowledge gained from the training done in Verka India Limited (GURDASPUR factory) is a lifetime experience that I will treasure forever. I have described the Health & Safety provisions in Verka Milk Plant Limited (GURDASPUR factory) in this summer training report. This training paves the way to know about the detailed overview of how important healthy & safe working conditions are for a company as well as for the employees and the provisions of factory act (1948).

EMPLOYEE HEALTH & SAFETY

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT OR HEALTHY WORKING CONDITIONS It is essential to ensure favorable working conditions so that the workers can perform their tasks without experiencing physical or mental strain. Some of the conditions surrounding a worker as he does his job and affecting his physical well being and thus his efficiency are as under: 1) CLEANLINESS 2) LIGHTING 3) TEMPERATURE AND VENTILATION 4) FREEDOM FROM NOISE 5) DUST 6) WORKING SPACE AND SEATING ARRANGEMENT

1) CLEANLINESS: It is essential for health. Dust should be removed daily from

all rooms, passage and stair-cases. Sufficient spittoons should be provided at convenient places and should be kept hygienic, properly cleaned and disinfected.

2) LIGHTING: Good lighting can facilitate higher production. It is essential to the

health, safety, and efficiency of workers. Without proper lighting, eye damage will occur, accident and spoilage of material will increase and production will slow down. The efficiency of workers directly depends on his ability to see the objects accurately and quickly. Thus, lighting must be adequate and free from defects.

3) TEMPERATURE AND VENTILATION: The employees must be

provided tolerable temperature if they are to work efficiently. Their efficiency is bound to suffer if the temperature of the work place is either too high or too low. Steps should be taken to ensure flow of fresh air having right temperature and

humidity. Proper ventilation is necessary to ensure the circulation of fresh air and remove congestion in the plant. If the ventilation arrangement is not provided, the air will become stale and the employees will feel tired and sleepy. This will reduce their efficiency. Electric fans circulate fresh air and exhaust fans expel the stale air.

4) FREEDOM FROM NOISE: Noise may be defined as an unwanted sound

in or outside the factory. It has an adverse effect on the minds of employees staff and tells upon their efficiency. It is source of distribution to the employees and does not allow them to work with concentration. Therefore, it is essential to keep noise under control. There are two types of noise, namely, internal and external. Internal noise is caused by conversation, running of machines, movement of workers, clerks, peons and visitors through corridors. Noise is also created by incoming and outgoing telephone calls. Internal noise can be controlled more easily as compared to external noise. External noise comes from outside the factory premises. It enters through doors, windows, and ventilators. The external noise cannot be eliminated. But sound proof walls, double doors, and glass panes can be used to prevent the external noise from entering the premises.

5) DUST: In certain areas or regions, the ratio of dust in the atmosphere is quite
high. When dust enters the factory, it affects the health of the employees adversely. Dust also reduces the life of various machines and equipments. Therefore it is essential to check the entry of dust into the factory premises. It may be difficult to check entry of dust into the factory. Dust should be cleaned quite regularly because it not only pollutes the environment but also has an adverse impact on the intensity of light.

6) WORKING SPACE AND SEATING ARRANGEMENT: Adequate

space should be provided for workers, materials, tools and equipments for their free and unhindered movement from one machine or process to another. There should also be enough seating arrangement for the workers.

COMPANY PROFILE
Verka is Co-Operative Company and is former oriented autonomous or organization based on Co-Operative pattern. It is the king of Punjab Region as far as Milk Procurement is concerned. Its daily Milk production is around 2.00 lacs liters per day on an average and that is why huge amount of Milk production has become its core competency. It produces many daily products. "MILKFED" is a group of Milk Union established under operation flood program as the implementing agency by the government of Roper and metropolis Chandigarh. The Roper district co-operative milk produces union was established in the year of 1980. The first Verka milk plant established in Punjab 1. First Milk Plant, of the state was setup at Verka near Amritsar. 2. The brand name of milk and milk products was adopted as Verka. 3. The foundation stone of milk plant, Ludhiana was laid by Hon. S. Parkash Singh Badal, then the chief minister of Punjab in 1970. 4. Commissioning of the plant was done by Punjab Dairy Development Corporation in 1974. 5. Inauguration was done by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi then the Prime Minister of India. 6. Village level cooperative societies were also formed on Anand Pattern. The system was run by the farmers and for the farmers.

HISTORY OF VERKA Milk plant Gurdaspur,the foundation stone of which was laid down by S. Santokh singh randhawa, dairy development minister of Punjab was commissioned by Punjab dairy development cooperation(p.d.d.c) in august 22nd 1983. It is spread in area of about 19 acres. The construction of plant was being in 1981-82 and it started working in 1986-87. it was registered under cooperated act. This plant is situated on the APK road (Amritsar,Pathankot) in gurdaspur.it is 2km away from bus stand and 1km away from railway station. The Milk Plant gurdaspur produces 2 Lakhs to 2.25 Lakhs liters of Milk per day during winter season and 1.50 Lakhs liters per day in summer season. About 2.00 Lakhs liters pasteurized liquid milk is being supplied to the citizen of urban area per day. The plant runs throughout 24 hours in three shifts at about 200% of its installed capacity manner with 500 employees. It also produces PANEER, GHEE, LASSI, KHEER, CURD, FLAVOURED MILK etc. All these products are marketed at the plant under the name "The Punjab State Co-operation Milk Producers Federation Ltd" under the Brand name of 'Verka Milk Plant".

HEALTH OF WORKERS IN FACTORIES

Secs.11 to 20 of the Factories Act, 1948 contains provisions regarding creation of healthy working conditions for workers. These are examined below: 1. Cleanliness (sec.11) 2. Disposal of Wastes and Effluents (sec.12) 3. Ventilation and Temperature (sec.13) 4. Dust and Fume (sec.14) 5. Artificial Humidification (sec.15) 6. Overcrowding (sec.16) 7. Lighting (sec.17) 8. Drinking Water (sec.18) 9. Latrines and Urinals (sec.19) 10. Spittoons (sec.20)

1. CLEANLINESS (SEC.11): Every factory shall be kept clean and free

from effluvia arising from any drain, privy, or the nuisance, and in particular: a) accumulation of dirt and refuse shall be removed daily by sweeping or by any other effective method from the floors and benches of work rooms and from staircases and passage, and disposed of in a suitable manner; b) the floor of every room shall be cleaned at least once in every week by washing, using disinfectant, where necessary, or by some other effective method;

c) where a floor is liable to become wet in the course of any manufacturing process to such extent as is capable of being drained, effective means of drainage shall be provided and maintained;

d) All inside walls and partitions, all ceilings or tops of rooms and all walls, sides and tops of passages and staircases shall be suitably cleaned, repainted or re-varnished periodically. In Verka factory the section 11 of factory act 1948 in taken under full consideration. There are proper cleaning equipments for cleaning floors. You will find all the factory places neat and clean any time. In production areas when one shift is over all the area is properly cleaned so that the next shift will find the work place clean. Taking in consideration the point washing facility is there in the factory from where the workers get their uniforms washed.

2. DISPOSAL OF WASTES AND EFFLUENTS (SEC.12): Effective

arrangement shall be made in every factory for the treatment of wastes and effluents due to the manufacturing process carried on therein, so as to render them innocuous, and for their disposal. In Verka factory the disposal system is very good. For the disposal of wastes there is a canal near the factory. There is water purifier which purifies the water and that water used for the plants. There is time to time checking of the water by the Environment officers

3. VENTILATION AND TEMPERATURE (SEC.13): Effective and

suitable provision shall be made in every factory for securing and maintaining in every workroom: a) adequate ventilation by the circulation of fresh air, and b) such a temperature as will secure to workers therein reasonable conditions of comfort and prevent injury to health, and in particular; I. walls and roofs shall be of such material and as designed that such temperature shall not be exceeded but kept as low as particular;

II. Where the nature of the work carried on in the factory involves, or is likely to involve, the production of excessively high temperature, such adequate measures as are practicable shall be taken to protect the workers there from, by separating the process which produces such temperature from the workroom, by insulating the hot parts or other effective means.

In Verka most of the factory places are air conditioned there is central Air conditioner in the main office. Almost all the areas (leaving those where some cooking work is done), the areas where AC can not be used those areas are properly ventilated. 4. DUST AND FUMES (SEC.14): In every factory in which, by reason of the manufacturing process carried on, there is given off any dust or fume or other impurity of such a nature and to such an extent as is likely to be injurious or offensive to the workers employed therein, or any dust in substantial quantities, effective measures shall be taken to prevent its inhalation and accumulation in any workroom, and if any exhaust appliance is necessary for this purpose, it shall be applied as near as possible to the point of origin of dust, fume or other impurity, and such point shall be enclosed so far as possible. In any factory, no stationary internal combustion engine shall be operated unless the exhaust is conducted into the open air and no other internal combustion engine shall be operated in any room unless effective measures have been taken to prevent such accumulation of fumes there from as are likely to be injurious to workers employed in the room. In Verka all the factory area is either cemented or there are grassy lawns inside the factory so the chances of the presence of the dust are very low in Verka Mohali factory. Air conditioning system help in checking the entry of dust in the office Even then the regular cleaning is done to avoid the ham to the workers as well as the machinery and equipments.

5. ARTIFITIAL HUMIDATION (SEC.15): In respect of all factories in

which the humidity of the air is artificially increased, the state government may make rules: a) prescribing standards of humidification; b) regulating the methods used for artificially increasing the humidity of the air; c) directing prescribed tests for determining the humidity of the air to be correctly carried out and recorded; prescribing method to be adopted for securing adequate ventilation d) and cooling of the air in the workrooms In Verka most of the factory places are air conditioned there is central Air conditioner in the factory and proper exhaustion system is there in all the production area of the factory.

6. OVERCROWDING (SEC.16):
1. No room in any factory shall be overcrowded to an extent injurious to the health of the workers employed therein. 2. Without prejudice to the generality of sub-section (1), there shall be in every workroom of a factory in the existence on the date of the commencement of this act at least three hundred fifty cubic feet of space for every worker employed therein, and for the purpose of this sub-section, no account shall be taken of any space which is more than fourteen feet above the level of the floor of the room In Verka all the production areas are quite special and there is not any sort of over crowding in the production areas. There is also the proper seating arrangement in the productions areas. Apart from this there are rest rooms where they can rest.

7. LIGHTING (SEC. 17):

1. In every part of a factory where workers are working or passing there shall be provided and maintained sufficient and suitable lighting, natural or artificial, or both. 2. In every factory, effective provision shall, so far as is practicable, be made for the prevention of;

a) Glare, either directly from a source of light or by reflection from smooth or polished surface; b) The formation of shadows to such an extent as to cause eye strain or the risk of accident to any worker. In Verka the lighting system is very good. There is proper arrangement of the light very much. There is contract with the contractors who will time check the tube lights and replace the defected ones light to time during day and night. Tube lights are fitted along with the reflectors witch increases

8. DRINKING WATER (SEC.18):

1. In every factory, effective arrangements shall be made to provide and maintain at suitable points conveniently situated for all workers employed therein a sufficient supply of wholesome drinking water. 2. All such points shall be legibly marked drinking water in a language understood by a majority of the workers employed in the factory, and no such point shall be situated within twenty feet of any washing place, urinal or latrine unless a shorter distance is approved in writing by the chief inspector. 3. In every factory wherein more than two hundred and fifty workers are ordinarily employed, provisions shall be made for cooling drinking water during hot weather by effective means and for distribution thereof. In Verka there is proper provision of drinking water for the employees. In each and every production area pure drinking water tapes are there. In summer season there is provision of cold drinking water. Disposable glasses are used for drinking the water.

9. LATRINES AND URINALS (SEC.19): In every factory:

a) Sufficient latrines and urinals accommodation of prescribed types shall be provided conveniently situated and accessible to workers at all times while they are at the factory; b) Separate enclosed accommodation shall be provided for male and female workers; c) Such accommodation shall be adequately lighted and ventilated,

d) All such accommodation shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition at all times; e) Sweepers shall be employed whose primary duty would be to keep clean latrines, urinals, and washing places. In Verka there is provision of Toilets in different areas of the factory. For female workers there three toilets in different areas one in main office and other two in the social blocks. These Toilets are kept neat and clean. There is weekly checking of cleanliness in the toilets. 11. SPITTOONS (SEC.20): In every factory, there shall be provided a sufficient number of spittoons in convenient places and they shall be maintained in a clean and hygienic condition.

SAFETY
Safety is very important part of any organization in this present era. So Mohali also takes care of this very aspect to save its employees as well as to maintain the safety level in company premises. Safety Officer gives training related to safety precautions to the employees and also to the Trainees. Keeping in view the nature of the job and activities performed, safety of employees assumes a critical role observance of safety rules and practices is the responsibility of all Verka employees. An unsafe act of one employee endangers other, as well as himself. Therefore, certain safety rules have been developed for all the plants. Every newcomer is required to acquaint himself with these norms. For certain operations, as per the safety norms, the employees are required to use appropriate Protective Equipment. E.g. Safety shoes, Gloves, Goggles, Safety Belts, Face Shields, Aprons etc. each employee must use this protective equipments for his own safety and for safety of other around. As entry is restricted in certain dangerous and hazardous areas, the employee must acquaint himself with all such places.

SAFETY DEPARTMENT

In Verka India Limited Gurdaspur, Factory there is a separate Safety Department having four members. One H.O.D., two operators and one engineer. This Safety Department performs all the functions regarding safety assurance. They give the safety education to the employees, check the guarding of the machinery, make regular inspection of the plant, provide proper clothing the employees and make the safety program. The Safety department work for the maintenance of the plant. If there some defect in the machines safety offices makes the inspection and change the worn out parts if there is some delay in the replacing they tell the workers to take more precautions. Safety department has placed hoardings in the various parts of the factory to give safety education to the workers.

SAFETY IN INDUSTRY
It is the responsibility of every management to ensure workers safety while they are at work. Safety measures not only result in reduced industrial accidents but also raise industrial efficiency. Therefore, employers should lay emphasis on safety measures in their plants. Industrial Safety measures include precautionary steps to be taken by the management of an enterprise in order to prevent accidents. Thus, accident prevention is the main objective of any safety program. Accidents in industry cause damage to property and life.

(a) What is an Industrial Accident?

An industrial accident is an unexpected occurrence in an industrial establishment causing bodily injury to one or more persons. Under the factories act, 1948, an industrial accident has been defined as, an occurrence in an industrial establishment

causing bodily injury to a person who make him unfit to resume his duties in the next 48 hours. In other words, it is an unexpected event and is always sudden.

(b) CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS

We may classify the causes of industrial accidents into four categories as follows: a) Inherent hazards b) Collision c) Slip or fall on floors and stair-casings d) Miscellaneous causes

a) INHERENT HAZARDS: There are many jobs in industries which are highly
prone to accidents. Coal mining, marine transport, quarry and construction are considered more dangerous industries as compared to communication, banking and tobacco industries.

b) COLLISION: This takes place when:

There are inadequate lighting arrangements, Furniture and equipments are placed improperly, Edges of equipment are not properly covered, and Cabinet drawers are left open

c) SLIP OR FALL ON FLOORS AND STAIR-CASINGS:This happens

when: The floor and staircases are wet with water, soap or oily substance, The floor is highly polished and slippery, The floor is covered with carpets and the carpets are torn or loose, The telephone cables trail on the floor, and There is lack of proper lighting.

d) MISCELLANEOUS CAUSES: Sometimes, accidents occur due to:

 Excessive noise, Lack of cleanliness, Leaking of electric cables, Either very high or very low temperature, Industrial fatigue, Machines operating at a high speed, Poor health of the workers, and Age and experience of the workers.

EFFECTS OF ACCIDENTS
Accidents have disastrous effects on the organization, the employees and the society at large. Accidents prove costly for the organization as workers have to be compensated and machinery has to be repaired. Besides, lost man days of the affected Workers and cost of training of new worker further burden the cost of production. Employees also suffer adversely from accidents. They face mental and psychological shock, more so when they or their colleagues become physically disabled. Accidents have demoralizing effect on the workers. Their morale is lowered. Moreover, the rates of absenteeism and labour turnover go up. Industrial accidents affect the health of the workers adversely. Sometimes they also affect the general public adversely. The Bhopal Gas Leak tragedy in 1985 is a case in point. Thousands of people were killed and several thousands became disabled in this accident. Thus, efforts should be avoid industrial accidents in the interest of workers, employers and the society at large

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH &SAFETY POLICY

In line with the Corporate Verka policy on the Occupational Health and Safety at work, we at Verka India Ltd. Mohali, regard people as our most valuable asset and place the highest priority on protecting them. As an integral part of managing the business, all Verka managers are accountable for managing workplace occupational health and safety with demonstrated leadership, motivation and participation. Employees at all levels are responsible to work in a safe manner to prevent injury and ill- health to themselves and their co-workers.

We drive our value-based occupational health and safety culture for continual improvement in our OH&S performance by Conducting risk assessments and take appropriate preventive actions to minimize residual risk to human health and safety. Promoting safe acts and correcting unsafe acts Ensuring compliance with all relevant legal and other requirements pertaining to occupational health and safety. Actively engaging our employees and other stake holders to drive implementation of all elements of our Mohali Occupational Health and safety Management System through consultation ,communication and participation at all levels Educating, training and equipping staff at all levels to ensure they are empowered to prevent unsafe situations/ behaviors and to respond promptly to unexpected events. Setting targets and monitoring our management systems. Fostering communication with all stakeholders. We understand our responsibility towards the community and third parties in managing safety. We enforce our H&S policy on the third parties operating at our sites and encourage our suppliers and contractors to follow similar standard

MEASURES FOR ENSURING INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

There should be a Safety Director in every industrial undertaking to design and operate the safety program. The basic objective of the safety program should be safety and security of the lives, health and welfare of the workers employed therein. The following precautionary steps may be adopted to prevent accidents in the industries: 1) Safety Committee 2) Safety Training 3) Material Handling Equipments 4) Guarding of machines 5) Maintenance of plant

6) Regular Inspection 7) Equipment Redesign 8) Proper Clothing 9) Clean Floors 10) Safety Campaign

1) SAFETY COMMITTEE: Safety committee may be constituted in every

plant. It should consist of the representatives of both the management and the workers. All the safety programs should be implemented through the safety committee. In Verka there is provision of the safety committee. Safety committee is constituted of 16 members. It has at least one person from one department these persons are the representatives of the particular department. The member of safety committee can consult with the safety department if there is any problem regarding the safety.

2) SAFETY TRAINING: The supervisors should train the new employees in

safety methods. The possible causes of accidents should be explained to the new employees and they should be taught habits and motions that will keep them out of danger. Training programs should also be designed for the supervisors. In Verka safety training is given to the employees during Induction program. The employees are introduced with the common safety measures which include fire fighting instructions, accidental safety etc. Besides this when the worker is employed in particular department technical and specific training is given to the employees.

3) MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS:

Material

handling

equipments should be installed to carry bulky materials from one place to another. No worker may be required to lift or carry heavy loads which may cause injury. In Verka there is proper provision of material handling equipments. Small cranes are there to carry the raw material to the production area and taking the finished products to the warehouse. There is also the provision of big cranes to carry the containers. These are of two types one is EOT which can lift 32 tones and the other one is RMG which can lift 40 tones.

4) GAURDING OF MACHINES: Safety guards should be designed,

constructed and used to provide positive protection, prevent access to the danger zones during operations, avoid inconvenience in operation and give protection against unforeseen contingencies. These are in the form of hard insulated covers provided to the moving or rotating parts of machines. In Verka there is proper guarding of the machinery. Safety Department considers HIRA (Hazard Identification &Risk Analysis) for the guarding of the machinery. The machine guarding is done in such a way that the machines may not cause any harm to the workers.

5) MAINTENANCE OF PLANT: The plant should be maintained in good

condition. All objects likely to obstruct the passages meant for movement by workers should be removed. Passages should not be used to store goods or materials. Dry, clean and ventilated store rooms with suitable racks, shelves, etc. should be provided for keeping electrical and keeping other hazardous equipment. In Verka there is Continuous Development & Maintenance Program which is considered for the maintenance of the plant. Under this there is proper maintenance of the plant.

6) REGULAR INSPECTION: There should be regular inspection of machines

and equipment and electricity cables to check any leakage. In Verka there is provision of regular inspection by the safety department. Safety department make regular inspection of different production departments. The time period is different for different machines. Some machines are inspected quarterly some are inspected half yearly and some are inspected once in a year. Overall we can say that all machines are inspected at least once in a year.

7) EQUIPMENT REDESIGN: Industrial engineers should be engaged to

improve the man-machine system. Equipment, machinery and work procedures should be redesigned to cut down accident rate. In Verka there is a separate Engineering Department which works for redesigning the old machines. The old machines are replaced with new ones when are not working

properly. In case if the machines are not going to be replaced soon the safety precautions for the workers are increased.

8) PROPER CLOTHING: The workers should be provided with proper

clothing and other protective things such as hand gloves, masks, helmets, safety footwear, etc. while at work. The clothing should serve a dual purpose of providing convenience as well as protection at work. The use of articles made of inflammable material must be prohibited while working on operations that involve risk of fire. Chemicals should be carefully handled. In Verka full sleeve uniforms are provided to the workers. For the workers working in laboratories aprons are provided. All the uniforms and aprons are made of pure cotton and are skin friendly.

9) CLEAN FLOORS: There should be no trailing of telephone cables on the

floors. Floors, passages and stares must be kept clear of obstructions. In Verka cleaning system is very good. If there is some thing dropped on the floor, the floor is immediately cleaned. So that workers may not slip or any harm is caused to them.

10) SAFETY CAMPAIGN: Safety program must be given a wide publicity

through posters and hoardings. Work Safety and Safely Saves are illustrations of the slogans which may be displayed at critical points. Safety contests may also be held between the plants as a part of the safety campaign. Plant with lowest accident rate may be given some reward. In Verka safety program is given wild publicity. Hoardings are placed in every corner of the factory so that the workers may remain conscious about the safety. These hoardings contain instructions about the safety. Apart from this Safety Day and fire service day are celebrated to promote safety. Safety day is celebrated on 4th March. On this day various competitions regarding safety are conducted like quiz competition, safety posters making, slogans etc. the workers can give their suggestions regarding the safety. Plays

are conducted regarding safety; rounds are taken in different departments handling mashall or flags in hands. Some times this celebration goes on for a week or even a month.

Fire service day is celebrated on 14th April. This day is celebrated to give the information to the workers about how to handle the situation of fie. Like the safety day the completions are conducted but only regarding the fire. BBS (Behavior Based Safety) program are conducted. There is mock drill on the fire service day

Thus the safety department properly takes care of the safety of the workers and promotes the safety through the campaign. It give the proper education to the employees The department not only spend on safety education, but also provide necessary safety equipments and maintain them in good working order.

SAFETY EDUCATION
A Safety education program, designed to spread safety consciousness among all including executives, supervisors, and operative employees, is necessary and it must have complete support of top management. Safety education may be imparted via posters, bulletin boards, house organs, displays, cartoons, slogans, signs, and safety films. The employer must not only spend on safety education, but also provide necessary safety equipments and maintain them in good working order. Every new employee must be given safety training in the first week of his joining and the old employees must be provided with retraining. The safety office plays a vital role in promoting safety consciousness through safety education and training. T.O. Armstrong has outlined five elements of a safety training program which are as follows: 1. A safe method of performing each job operation or sequence of operations is developed and described in simple but adequate detail. 2. The various hazard points are brought to light and described together with the relationship between these and the various steps in safety method. 3. The teaching is systematic and thorough. In the somewhat idiomatic English of a successful teacher, it is:

a) Tell him. b) Show him. c) Have him do it. d) Correct him until he has it. e) Supervise him to see that he keeps it. 4. The reason for requiring the wearing of personal protective equipment needed, if any, as goggles, safety shoes, hand protectors, and the like is explained and its proper use and care taught in full detail. 5. Specific safeguards needed for the protection of the worker or his fellows are similarly explained and their correct usage taught.

SAFETY OF FACTORY WORKERS

The safety provisions are contained in section 21 to 41 of the Factories Act, 1948. The provisions are to be followed by every factory covered by this act. They are obligatory in their character. The requirements prescribed under the act are absolute and are in no way dependent upon previous notice or warning from the Inspector of Factories. The provisions dealing with the safety of the workers in different states are supplemented by rules framed by each State Government. So in relation to a factory in a particular State, the rules of the Government of the state must be referred to. The safety provisions as given under the Factories Act described as under: 1) Fencing of machinery (Sec.21) 2) Work on or near machinery in motion (Sec.22) 3) Employment of young persons on Dangerous Machines (Sec.23) 4) Striking Gear and Devices for Cutting of Power (Sec.24) 5) Self acting Machine (Sec.25) 6) Casing of New Machinery (Sec.26) 7) Prohibition of Employment of Women and Children near Cotton-openers (Sec.27)

8) Hoists and Lifts (Sec.28) 9) Lifting Machines, Chains, Ropes and Lifting Tackles (Sec.29) 10) Revolving Machinery (Sec.30) 11) Pressure plant (Sec.31) 12) Floors, stairs and Means of Access (Sec.32) 13) Pits, Sumps, Opening in Floors, etc. (Sec.33) 14) Excessive Weights (Sec.34) 15) Protection of Eyes (Sec.35) 16) Precautions against Dangerous Fumes (Sec.36) 17) Precautions regarding the use of Portable Light (Sec.36A) 18) Explosive or Inflammable Dust, Gas, etc. (Sec.37) 19) Precautions in case of Fire (Sec.38) 20) Power to require Specification of Defective Part or Tests of Stability (Sec.39) 21) Safety of Buildings and Machinery (Sec.40) 22) Maintenance of Buildings (Sec.40A) 23) Safety Officers (Sec.40B) 24) Power to Make Rules (Sec.41)

1) FENCING OF MACHINERY (SEC.21): In every factory, every

dangerous part of any machinery-every moving part of a prime mover and every flywheel connected to prime-mover, the head-race and tail-race of every water wheel and water turbine, and every part of an electric generator, motor or rotary converter, every part of transmission machinery-must be securely fenced by safeguards of substantial construction. The State Government is empowered to frame rules in this regard.

2) WORK ON OR NEAR MACHINERY IN MOTION (SEC.22):

With a view to secure the safety of the workers, it is necessary to examine any part of the machinery while it is in motion. The examination and lubrication of the machinery, should be carried out only be a specially trained adult worker wearing tight-fitting clothing. Such a worker is not allowed to handle a belt at a moving pulley

unless the belt is less than fifteen cm. in width and the belt-joint is either laced or flush with belt. women and young children are not allowed to clean, lubricate or adjust any part of a prime-mover or of transmission machinery while it is in motion, if it is likely to expose her or him to risk to injury from any moving part.

3) EMPLOYMENT OF YOUNG PERSONS ON DANGEROUS MACHINES (SEC.23): No young person shall work at any machine unless he
has been fully instructed as to be dangers arising in connection with the machine and the precautions to be observed and: a) Has received sufficient training in work at machine, or b) Is under adequate supervision by a person who has a thorough knowledge and experience of the machine.

4)

STRIKING GEAR AND DEVICES FOR CUTTING OFF

a) Suitable striking gear or other efficient mechanical appliances shall be provided and used to move driving belts to and from fast and loose pulleys which form part of the transmission machinery, and such gear or appliances shall be constructed, placed and maintained as to prevent the belt from creeping back on to the fast pulley; b) Driving belts when not in use shall not be allowed to rest or ride upon shaft in motion.

POWER (SEC.24): In every factory:

5) SELF-ACTING MACHINES (SEC.25): No traversing part of a selfacting machine in any factory and no material carried thereon shall be allowed to run on its outward or inward traverse within a distance of eighteen inches from any fixed structure which is not a part of the machine.

6) CASING OF NEW MACHINERY (SEC.26): In all machinery driven

by power and installed in any factory:

a) Every set screw, bolt or key on any revolving shaft, spindle wheel or pinion shall be so sunk, encased or otherwise effectively guarded as to prevent danger; b) All spur, worm and other toothed or friction gearing which does not require adjustment while in motion shall be completely encased, unless it is so situated as it would be if it were completely encased.

7) PROHIBITION OF EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN NEAR COTTON-OPENERS (SEC.27): No women or child
shall be employed in any part of a factory where pressing cotton-opener is at work: provided that if the feed end of a cotton opener is in a room separated from the delivery end by a partition extending to the roof or to such height as the inspector may in particular case specify in writing, women and children may be employed on the side of the partition where the feed end is situated.

8) HOISTS AND LIFTS (SEC.28): In every factory:

a) Every hoist and lift shall be: of good mechanical construction, sound material and adequate strength; Properly maintained and shall be thoroughly examined by a competent person at least once in every period of six months. b) Every hoist way and lift way shall be sufficiently protected by an enclosure Fitted with gates, and the hoist or lift and every such enclosure shall be so Constructed as to prevent any person or thing from being trapped between any Part of the hoist or thing and any fixed structure or moving part.

9)

LIFTING MACHINES, CHAINS, ROPES AND LIFTING

TACKLES (SEC.29): In every factory, the following provisions shall be

complied with in respect of every lifting machine and every chain; rope and lifting tackle for the purpose of raising or lowering persons, goods or materials: a) All parts, including the working gear, whether fixed or movable, or Every lifting machine and every chain, rope or lifting tackle shall be:

 of good construction, sound material and adequate strength and free from defects; properly maintained; and thoroughly examined by a competent person at least once in every period of twelve months; b) no lifting machine and no chain, rope or lifting tackle shall, except for the purpose of test, be loaded beyond the safe working load which shall be plainly marked thereon together with an identification mark and duly entered in the prescribed register;

10) REVOLVING MACHINERY (SEC.30): In every room in a factory in

which the process of gridding is carried on, there shall be permanently affixed to or placed near each machine in use a notice indicating the maximum safe working peripheral speed of every grindstone or abrasive wheel, and the diameter of the pulley upon such shaft or spindle necessary to secure such safe working peripheral speed.

11) PRESSURE PLANT (SEC.31): If in any factory, any part of the plant or
machinery used in a manufacturing process is operated at a pressure above atmospheric pressure, effective measures shall be taken to ensure that the safe working pressure of such part is not exceeded.

12) FLOORS, STAIRS, AND MEANS OF ACCESS (SEC.32): In

every factory, all floors, steps, stairs, passage and gangways shall be of sound construction and properly maintained and shall be kept free from obstruction and substances likely to cause persons to slip and where it is necessary to ensure safety, steps, stairs, passage and gangways shall be provided with substantial handrails.

13) PITS, SUMPS, OPENING IN FLOORS, ETC.(SEC.33): In every

factory, fixed vessel, sump, tank, pit or opening in the ground or in a floor which, by reason of its depth, situation, construction or contents, is or may be a source of danger shall be either securely covered or securely fenced.

14) EXCESSIVE WEIGHTS (SEC.34): No person shall be employed in

any factory to lift, carry or move any load so heavy as to be likely to cause him injury. The State Government may make rules prescribed the maximum weights may be lifted, carried or moved by adult men, adult women, adolescent and children employed in factories or in any class or description of factories or in a carrying on any specified process.

15)

PROTECTION OF EYES (SEC.35): In respect of any such

manufacturing process carried on in any factory as may be prescribed, being a process which involves: a) risk of injury to the eyes from particles thrown off in the course of the process, or b) Risk to the eyes by reason of exposure to excessive light, the State Government may be rules require that effective screens or suitable goggles shall be provided for the protection of persons employed on, or in the immediate vicinity of the process.

16) PRECAUTIONS AGAINST DANGEROUS FUMES (SEC.36):

a) In any factory, no person shall enter or be permitted to enter any chamber, tank, vat, pit, pipe, flue or other confined space in which dangerous fumes are likely tube present to such an extent as to involve risk of persons being overcome thereby, unless it is provided with a manhole of adequate size or effective means of either; I. a certificate in writing has been given by a competent person, based on a test carried out by himself, that the space is free from dangerous fumes and fit for persons to enter, or, II. The worker is wearing suitable breathing apparatus and a belt securely attached to a rope, the free end of which is held by a person standing outside the confined space. b) No person shall be permitted to enter any boiler furnace, boiler flue, chamber, tank, vat, pipe or other confined space for the purpose of working or making

any examination therein until it has been sufficiently cooled by ventilation or otherwise to be safe for persons to enter.

17)

PRECAUTIONS REGARDING THE USE OF PORTABLE

LIGHT (SEC.36A): In every factory:

a) no portable electric light or any other electric appliance of voltage exceeding twenty-four volts shall be permitted for use inside any chamber, tank, vat, pit, pipe, flue or other confined space; and b) If any inflammable gas, fume or dust is likely to be present in such chamber, tank, vat, flue or other confined space, no lamp light other than that of flameproof construction shall be permitted to be used therein.

18)

EXPLOSIVE OR INFLAMMABLE DUST, GAS, ETC.

(SEC.37): Where in any factory any manufacturing process produces dust, gas,
fume or vapors of such character and to such extent as to be likely to explode on ignition, all practicable measures shall be taken to prevent any such explosion by: a) effective enclosure or the plant of machinery used in the process; b) removal or prevention of the accumulation of such dust, gas, fume or vapors; c) Exclusion or effective enclosure of all possible sources of ignition.

19) PRECAUTIONS IN CASE OF FIRE (SEC.38):

a) In every factory there shall be provided such means of escape in case of fire as may be prescribed. b) In every factory the doors affording exit from any room shall not be locked or fastened so that they cannot be easily and immediately opened from the inside while any person is within the room, and all such doors, unless they are of the sliding type, shall be constructed to open outwards. c) In every factory every window, door or exit affording a means of escape in case of fire, other than the means of exit in ordinary use, shall be distinctively marked in language understood by the majority of the workers and in red letters of adequate size or by some other effective and clearly understood sign.

d) There shall be provided in every factory effective and clearly audible means of giving warning in case of fire to every person employed in the factory.

20) POWER TO REQUIRE SPECIFICATION OF DEFECTIVE PART OR TESTS OF STABILITY (SEC.39): If it appears to the Inspector
that any building or part of a building or any part of the ways, machinery or plant in a factory is in such a condition that it may be dangerous to human life or safety, he may serve on the occupier or manager or both of the factory an order in writing requiring him before a specified date: a) To furnish such drawings, specifications and other particulars as may be necessary to determine whether such building, ways, machinery or plant be used with safety, or b) To carry out such tests in such manner as may be specified in the order, and to inform the Inspector of the results thereof.

21) SAFETY OF BUILDINGS AND MACHINERY (SEC.40): If it

appears to the Inspector that any building or part of a building or any part of the ways, machinery or plant in a factory is in such a condition that it may be dangerous to human life or safety, he may serve on the occupier or manager or both of the factory an order in writing specifying the measures which in his opinion should be adopted, and requiring them to be carried out before a specified date.

22) MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS (SEC.40A): If it appears to the

Inspector that any building or part of a building in a factory is in such a state of disrepair as is likely to lead to conditions detrimental to the health and welfare of the workers, he may serve on the occupier or manager or both of the factory an order in writing specifying the measures which in his opinion would be taken and requiring the same to be carried out before such date as is specified in the order.

23) SAFETY OFFICERS (SEC.40B): In every factory:

a) Wherein, one thousand or more workers are ordinarily employed, or

b) Wherein, in the opinion of the State Government, any manufacturing process or operation is carried on, which process or operation involves any risk of bodily injury, poisoning or disease, or any other hazard to health, to the persons employed in the factory, c) The duties, qualifications and conditions of service of safety officers shall be such as may be prescribed by the State Government.

24) POWER TO MAKE RULES (SEC.41): The State Government may

make rules requiring the provision in any factory or in any class or description of factories of such further devices and measures for securing the safety of persons employed therein as it may deem necessary.

CHAPTER 2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

MEANING OF RESEARCH: Research is the systematic and objective search for the analysis of information relevant to the identification and solution of the specific problem. Research is science and a systematic search for pertinent information on a particular topic .In fact research is an act of scientific investigation. a) Experimental method Experimental method of data collection is ideal through not always possible because of many research problems in the social science and education do lend themselves to experimental enquiry.
b) Non experimental Non experimental research posses only one component, which is measurement. The researcher does not exercise any control over the extraneous variable. RESEARCH DESIGN: A researcher design is the overall plan or program of research. It is the general blue print for the collection, measurement and analysis of data .In includes an outline what

an investigator can do from writing the hypothesis and their operational implication to the final analysis of data. Descriptive research design has been used for the purpose of this study. DATA Data constitutes the foundation of any analysis. Data is the collection of any number of related observations. Surveys are the most popular device of obtaining the desired data. Data is the quantities or numerical information, which is collected for future analysis and interpretation in order to base decision on them. Type of Data Used Primary Data: Primary data is collected by personal survey, questionnaires, telephone survey, observation etc

OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
The main objectives of study are as follows:

Main objective of study is to determine the level of satisfaction among

employees regarding the facilities provided to them.

To know about how the workers rate the factory as a work place. To know about the safety provisions of the factory workers. To know about the duties performed by safety officers.

SAMPLE DESIGN: A simple design is a definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population which includes: SAMPLING PROCEDURE Simple Random Sampling used to selects the most accessible population. SAMPLING UNIT Employees were the sampling unit of the future research study. SAMPLING SIZE The sample size was of 30 respondents. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

In research training report survey was used as the sampling techniques.

IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

1. The knowledge of methodology provides good training especially to the new

research worker and enables him to do better research. It helps him to develop disciplined thinking to observe the field objectively. 2. Knowledge of research methodology will inculcate the ability to evaluate and use research results with reasonable confidence. 3. Knowledge of Research methodology enables us to make intelligent decisions concerning problems facing us in practical life at different points of time. 4. Knowledge of Research methodology helps the consumer of research results to evaluate them and enables him to take rational decisions.

EMPLOYEE HEALTH & SAFETY

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT OR HEALTHY WORKING CONDITIONS
It is essential to ensure favorable working conditions so that the workers can perform their tasks without experiencing physical or mental strain. Some of the conditions

surrounding a worker as he does his job and affecting his physical well being and thus his efficiency, are as under:

6) CLEANLINESS 7) LIGHTING 8) TEMPERATURE AND VENTILATION 9) FREEDOM FROM NOISE 10) 11) DUST WORKING SPACE AND SEATING ARRANGEMENT

1) CLEANLINESS: It is essential for health. Dust should be removed daily from

all rooms, passage and stair-cases. Sufficient spittoons should be provided at convenient places and should be kept hygienic, properly cleaned and disinfected.

2) LIGHTING: Good lighting can facilitate higher production. It is essential to the

health, safety, and efficiency of workers. Without proper lighting, eye damage will occur, accident and spoilage of material will increase and production will slow down. The efficiency of workers directly depends on his ability to see the objects accurately and quickly. Thus, lighting must be adequate and free from defects.

3) TEMPERATURE AND VENTILATION: The employees must be

provided tolerable temperature if they are to work efficiently. Their efficiency is bound to suffer if the temperature of the work place is either too high or too low. Steps should be taken to ensure flow of fresh air having right temperature and humidity. Proper ventilation is necessary to ensure the circulation of fresh air and remove congestion in the plant. If the ventilation arrangement is not provided, the air will become stale and the employees will feel tired and sleepy. This will reduce their efficiency. Electric fans circulate fresh air and exhaust fans expel the stale air.

4) FREEDOM FROM NOISE: Noise may be defined as an unwanted sound in

or outside the factory. It has an adverse effect on the minds of employees staff and

tells upon their efficiency. It is source of distribution to the employees and does not allow them to work with concentration. Therefore, it is essential to keep noise under control. There are two types of noise, namely, internal and external. Internal noise is caused by conversation, running of machines, movement of workers, clerks, peons and visitors through corridors. Noise is also created by incoming and outgoing telephone calls. Internal noise can be controlled more easily as compared to external noise. External noise comes from outside the factory premises. It enters through doors, windows, and ventilators. The external noise cannot be eliminated. But sound proof walls, double doors, and glass panes can be used to prevent the external noise from entering the premises.

5) DUST: In certain areas or regions, the ratio of dust in the atmosphere is quite
high. When dust enters the factory, it affects the health of the employees adversely. Dust also reduces the life of various machines and equipments. Therefore it is essential to check the entry of dust into the factory premises. It may be difficult to check entry of dust into the factory. Dust should be cleaned quite regularly because it not only pollutes the environment but also has an adverse impact on the intensity of light .6) WORKING SPACE AND SEATING ARRANGEMENT: Adequate space should be provided for workers, materials, tools and equipments for their free and unhindered movement from one machine or process to another. There should also be enough seating arrangement for the workers.

MEDICAL FACILITIES AND DISPENSERY

The company covers the medical expenses of permanent employees. All the permanent employees are having health insurance for him and spouse the company will bear 60% charges. The company pays Rs 25000/- if the employee gets admitted in the hospital and pay Rs 11500/- if spouse or children get admitted. Apart from this Rs 25000/- are given for routine checkups. Apart form all this each and every permanent employees full body checkups and tests are done free of cost in CMC

Hospital Mohali. This checkup includes about 35 tests. These tests are done every year

DISPENSERY
The company has a dispensary with full time pharmacist Ramesh Kapoor and two visiting doctors Dr. R.C.Mittal and Dr. Asutosh Sharma. The dispensary is open from 8A.M. to 5 P.M. it is equipped to provide for the treatment of minor ailments and first aid in case of accident .The dispensary performs routine checkups .the health record of the employees is kept on the medical card and is kept with the dispensary including the blood group The main objective of the Verka Dispensary is to provide free first aid and health care facilities to the employees who are prone to many hazards while working .The Company provides medical and health care facilities to its employees in many ways. All the departments are equipped with first aid boxes. In case of any minor injury the employees can take the necessary medicines from the first aid box. The stock of dispensary is ordered for six months in advance and the monthly stock is received on the first day of every month .more .Than 50 types of medicines are received every month for the medical treatment of employees . The monthly closing stock is brought forward for next coming month and is added to the fresh stock .the authorized persons are appointed to carry out dispensary services.

SERVICES PROVIDED BY DISPENSARY

There are so many facilities which are provided to the employees by the dispensary services of the Verka Company. 60-60 First aid boxes are placed at different locations in each department for emergency cases after the working hours of the Company and for the holidays. These first aid boxes are filled with cotton, bandages, ointments and medicines daily by the authorized persons and almost all the employees are satisfied from the facility.

 There are about 80-100 trained first-aiders cum workers in every department who provide help in giving first aid to the required person in odd hours because the dispensary service is not available for the night shifts. Because of greenery and plants some times snake can come and bite any employee The Company provides free treatment for snake bite cases by specially bought snake bite kits for the welfare of the employees. The company provides medical scheme for hospitalization and covers about 60 hospitals (inside and outside Mohali district) under this scheme to provide benefits to the employees and reimburse the medical expenses. The dispensary is equipped with ambulance facility to carry the injured employee from different departments and also to take them to the near by hospital if the case is out of control for them. There is a bed inside the dispensary where the injured person can be laid There is provision of eye sight checking in the dispensary where the employees can check their eye sight. During night shifts there is provision of ambulance to take the injured or sick employee to the hospital with in the area of 100 meter

HEALTH OF WORKERS IN FACTORIES

Secs.11 to 20 of the Factories Act, 1948 contains provisions regarding creation of healthy working conditions for workers. These are examined below: 12. Cleanliness (sec.11) 13. Disposal of Wastes and Effluents (sec.12) 14. Ventilation and Temperature (sec.13) 15. Dust and Fume (sec.14) 16. Artificial Humidification (sec.15) 17. Overcrowding (sec.16) 18. Lighting (sec.17) 19. Drinking Water (sec.18) 20. Latrines and Urinals (sec.19)

21. Spittoons (sec.20)

1. CLEANLINESS (SEC.11): Every factory shall be kept clean and free

from effluvia arising from any drain, privy, or the nuisance, and in particular: e) accumulation of dirt and refuse shall be removed daily by sweeping or by any other effective method from the floors and benches of work rooms and from staircases and passage, and disposed of in a suitable manner; f) the floor of every room shall be cleaned at least once in every week by washing, using disinfectant, where necessary, or by some other effective method; g) where a floor is liable to become wet in the course of any manufacturing process to such extent as is capable of being drained, effective means of drainage shall be provided and maintained;

h) All inside walls and partitions, all ceilings or tops of rooms and all walls, sides and tops of passages and staircases shall be suitably cleaned, repainted or re-varnished periodically. In Verka factory the section 11 of factory act 1948 in taken under full consideration. There are proper cleaning equipments for cleaning floors. You will find all the factory places neat and clean any time. In production areas when one shift is over all the area is properly cleaned so that the next shift will find the work place clean. Taking in consideration the point washing facility is there in the factory from where the workers get their uniforms washed.

2. DISPOSAL OF WASTES AND EFFLUENTS (SEC.12): Effective

arrangement shall be made in every factory for the treatment of wastes and effluents due to the manufacturing process carried on therein, so as to render them innocuous, and for their disposal. In Verka factory the disposal system is very good. For the disposal of wastes there is a canal near the factory. There is water purifier which purifies the water and that

water used for the plants. There is time to time checking of the water by the Environment officers

3. VENTILATION AND TEMPERATURE (SEC.13): Effective and

suitable provision shall be made in every factory for securing and maintaining in every workroom: c) adequate ventilation by the circulation of fresh air, and d) such a temperature as will secure to workers therein reasonable conditions of comfort and prevent injury to health, and in particular; I. walls and roofs shall be of such material and as designed that such temperature shall not be exceeded but kept as low as particular; II. Where the nature of the work carried on in the factory involves, or is likely to involve, the production of excessively high temperature, such adequate measures as are practicable shall be taken to protect the workers there from, by separating the process which produces such temperature from the workroom, by insulating the hot parts or other effective means. In Verka most of the factory places are air conditioned there is central Air conditioner in the main office. Almost all the areas (leaving those where some cooking work is done), the areas where AC can not be used those areas are properly ventilated. 4. DUST AND FUMES (SEC.14): In every factory in which, by reason of the manufacturing process carried on, there is given off any dust or fume or other impurity of such a nature and to such an extent as is likely to be injurious or offensive to the workers employed therein, or any dust in substantial quantities, effective measures shall be taken to prevent its inhalation and accumulation in any workroom, and if any exhaust appliance is necessary for this purpose, it shall be applied as near as possible to the point of origin of dust, fume or other impurity, and such point shall be enclosed so far as possible. In any factory, no stationary internal combustion engine shall be operated unless the exhaust is conducted into the open air and no other internal combustion engine shall be operated in any room unless effective measures have been taken to prevent such

accumulation of fumes there from as are likely to be injurious to workers employed in the room. In Verka all the factory area is either cemented or there are grassy lawns inside the factory so the chances of the presence of the dust are very low in Verka Mohali factory. Air conditioning system help in checking the entry of dust in the office Even then the regular cleaning is done to avoid the ham to the workers as well as the machinery and equipments.

5. ARTIFITIAL HUMIDATION (SEC.15): In respect of all factories in

which the humidity of the air is artificially increased, the state government may make rules: d) prescribing standards of humidification; e) regulating the methods used for artificially increasing the humidity of the air; f) directing prescribed tests for determining the humidity of the air to be correctly carried out and recorded; prescribing method to be adopted for securing adequate ventilation d) and cooling of the air in the workrooms In Verka most of the factory places are air conditioned there is central Air conditioner in the factory and proper exhaustion system is there in all the production area of the factory.

6. OVERCROWDING (SEC.16):
1. No room in any factory shall be overcrowded to an extent injurious to the health of the workers employed therein. 2. Without prejudice to the generality of sub-section (1), there shall be in every workroom of a factory in the existence on the date of the commencement of this act at least three hundred fifty cubic feet of space for every worker employed therein, and for the purpose of this sub-section, no account shall be taken of any space which is more than fourteen feet above the level of the floor of the room In Verka all the production areas are quite special and there is not any sort of over crowding in the production areas. There is also the proper seating arrangement in the productions areas. Apart from this there are rest rooms where they can rest.

7. LIGHTING (SEC. 17):

3. In every part of a factory where workers are working or passing there shall be provided and maintained sufficient and suitable lighting, natural or artificial, or both. 4. In every factory, effective provision shall, so far as is practicable, be made for the prevention of; a) Glare, either directly from a source of light or by reflection from smooth or polished surface; b) The formation of shadows to such an extent as to cause eye strain or the risk of accident to any worker. In Verka the lighting system is very good. There is proper arrangement of the light very much. There is contract with the contractors who will time check the tube lights and replace the defected ones light to time during day and night. Tube lights are fitted along with the reflectors witch increases

8. DRINKING WATER (SEC.18):

4. In every factory, effective arrangements shall be made to provide and maintain at suitable points conveniently situated for all workers employed therein a sufficient supply of wholesome drinking water. 5. All such points shall be legibly marked drinking water in a language understood by a majority of the workers employed in the factory, and no such point shall be situated within twenty feet of any washing place, urinal or latrine unless a shorter distance is approved in writing by the chief inspector. 6. In every factory wherein more than two hundred and fifty workers are ordinarily employed, provisions shall be made for cooling drinking water during hot weather by effective means and for distribution thereof. In Verka there is proper provision of drinking water for the employees. In each and every production area pure drinking water tapes are there. In summer season there is provision of cold drinking water. Disposable glasses are used for drinking the water.

9. LATRINES AND URINALS (SEC.19): In every factory:

f) Sufficient latrines and urinals accommodation of prescribed types shall be provided conveniently situated and accessible to workers at all times while they are at the factory; g) Separate enclosed accommodation shall be provided for male and female workers; h) Such accommodation shall be adequately lighted and ventilated, i) All such accommodation shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition at all times; j) Sweepers shall be employed whose primary duty would be to keep clean latrines, urinals, and washing places. In Verka there is provision of Toilets in different areas of the factory. For female workers there three toilets in different areas one in main office and other two in the social blocks. These Toilets are kept neat and clean. There is weekly checking of cleanliness in the toilets.

10. SPITTOONS (SEC.20): In every factory, there shall be provided a sufficient

number of spittoons in convenient places and they shall be maintained in a clean and hygienic condition.

SAFETY
Safety is very important part of any organization in this present era. So Mohali also takes care of this very aspect to save its employees as well as to maintain the safety level in company premises. Safety Officer gives training related to safety precautions to the employees and also to the Trainees. Keeping in view the nature of the job and activities performed, safety of employees assumes a critical role observance of safety rules and practices is the responsibility of all Verka employees. An unsafe act of one employee endangers other, as well as himself. Therefore, certain safety rules have been developed for all the plants. Every newcomer is required to acquaint himself with these norms. For certain operations, as per the safety norms, the employees are required to use appropriate Protective Equipment. E.g. Safety shoes, Gloves, Goggles, Safety Belts, Face Shields, Aprons etc. each employee must use this protective equipments for his own safety and for safety of other around. As entry is restricted in certain dangerous and hazardous areas, the employee must acquaint himself with all such places.

SAFETY DEPARTMENT
In Verka India Limited Mohali Factory there is a separate Safety Department having four members. One H.O.D., two operators and one engineer. This Safety Department performs all the functions regarding safety assurance. They give the safety education to the employees, check the guarding of the machinery, make regular inspection of the plant, provide proper clothing the employees and make the safety program. The Safety department work for the maintenance of the plant. If there some defect in the machines safety offices makes the inspection and change the worn out parts if there is some delay in the replacing they tell the workers to take more precautions. Safety department has placed hoardings in the various parts of the factory to give safety education to the workers.

SAFETY IN INDUSTRY
It is the responsibility of every management to ensure workers safety while they are at work. Safety measures not only result in reduced industrial accidents but also raise industrial efficiency. Therefore, employers should lay emphasis on safety measures in their plants. Industrial Safety measures include precautionary steps to be taken by the management of an enterprise in order to prevent accidents. Thus, accident prevention is the main objective of any safety program. Accidents in industry cause damage to property and life.

(a) What is an Industrial Accident?

An industrial accident is an unexpected occurrence in an industrial establishment causing bodily injury to one or more persons. Under the factories act, 1948, an industrial accident has been defined as, an occurrence in an industrial establishment causing bodily injury to a person who make him unfit to resume his duties in the next 48 hours. In other words, it is an unexpected event and is always sudden.

(b) CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS

We may classify the causes of industrial accidents into four categories as follows: e) Inherent hazards f) Collision g) Slip or fall on floors and stair-casings h) Miscellaneous causes

a) INHERENT HAZARDS: There are many jobs in industries which are highly
prone to accidents. Coal mining, marine transport, quarry and construction are considered more dangerous industries as compared to communication, banking and tobacco industries.

b) COLLISION: This takes place when:

There are inadequate lighting arrangements, Furniture and equipments are placed improperly, Edges of equipment are not properly covered, and Cabinet drawers are left open

c) SLIP OR FALL ON FLOORS AND STAIR-CASINGS:This happens

when: The floor and staircases are wet with water, soap or oily substance, The floor is highly polished and slippery, The floor is covered with carpets and the carpets are torn or loose, The telephone cables trail on the floor, and There is lack of proper lighting.

d) MISCELLANEOUS CAUSES: Sometimes, accidents occur due to:

Excessive noise, Lack of cleanliness, Leaking of electric cables, Either very high or very low temperature, Industrial fatigue, Machines operating at a high speed, Poor health of the workers, and Age and experience of the workers.

EFFECTS OF ACCIDENTS
Accidents have disastrous effects on the organization, the employees and the society at large. Accidents prove costly for the organization as workers have to be compensated and machinery has to be repaired. Besides, lost man days of the affected Workers and cost of training of new worker further burden the cost of production. Employees also suffer adversely from accidents. They face mental and psychological

shock, more so when they or their colleagues become physically disabled. Accidents have demoralizing effect on the workers. Their morale is lowered. Moreover, the rates of absenteeism and labour turnover go up. Industrial accidents affect the health of the workers adversely. Sometimes they also affect the general public adversely. The Bhopal Gas Leak tragedy in 1985 is a case in point. Thousands of people were killed and several thousands became disabled in this accident. Thus, efforts should be avoid industrial accidents in the interest of workers, employers and the society at large

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH &SAFETY POLICY

In line with the Corporate Verka policy on the Occupational Health and Safety at work, we at Verka India Ltd. Mohali, regard people as our most valuable asset and place the highest priority on protecting them. As an integral part of managing the business, all Verka managers are accountable for managing workplace occupational health and safety with demonstrated leadership, motivation and participation. Employees at all levels are responsible to work in a safe manner to prevent injury and ill- health to themselves and their co-workers. We drive our value-based occupational health and safety culture for continual improvement in our OH&S performance by Conducting risk assessments and take appropriate preventive actions to minimize residual risk to human health and safety. Promoting safe acts and correcting unsafe acts Ensuring compliance with all relevant legal and other requirements pertaining to occupational health and safety. Actively engaging our employees and other stake holders to drive implementation of all elements of our Mohali Occupational Health and safety Management System through consultation ,communication and participation at all levels Educating, training and equipping staff at all levels to ensure they are empowered to prevent unsafe situations/ behaviors and to respond promptly to unexpected events.

 Setting targets and monitoring our management systems. Fostering communication with all stakeholders. We understand our responsibility towards the community and third parties in managing safety. We enforce our H&S policy on the third parties operating at our sites and encourage our suppliers and contractors to follow similar standard

MEASURES FOR ENSURING INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

There should be a Safety Director in every industrial undertaking to design and operate the safety program. The basic objective of the safety program should be safety and security of the lives, health and welfare of the workers employed therein. The following precautionary steps may be adopted to prevent accidents in the industries: 10) Safety Committee 11) Safety Training 12) Material Handling Equipments 13) Guarding of machines 14) Maintenance of plant 15) Regular Inspection 16) Equipment Redesign 17) Proper Clothing 18) Clean Floors 10) Safety Campaign

1) SAFETY COMMITTEE: Safety committee may be constituted in every

plant. It should consist of the representatives of both the management and the workers. All the safety programs should be implemented through the safety committee. In Verka there is provision of the safety committee. Safety committee is constituted of 16 members. It has at least one person from one department these persons are the representatives of the particular department. The member of safety committee can consult with the safety department if there is any problem regarding the safety.

2) SAFETY TRAINING: The supervisors should train the new employees in

safety methods. The possible causes of accidents should be explained to the new employees and they should be taught habits and motions that will keep them out of danger. Training programs should also be designed for the supervisors. In Verka safety training is given to the employees during Induction program. The employees are introduced with the common safety measures which include fire fighting instructions, accidental safety etc. Besides this when the worker is employed in particular department technical and specific training is given to the employees.

3) MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS:

Material

handling

equipments should be installed to carry bulky materials from one place to another. No worker may be required to lift or carry heavy loads which may cause injury. In Verka there is proper provision of material handling equipments. Small cranes are there to carry the raw material to the production area and taking the finished products to the warehouse. There is also the provision of big cranes to carry the containers. These are of two types one is EOT which can lift 32 tones and the other one is RMG which can lift 40 tones.

4) GAURDING OF MACHINES: Safety guards should be designed,

constructed and used to provide positive protection, prevent access to the danger zones during operations, avoid inconvenience in operation and give protection against unforeseen contingencies. These are in the form of hard insulated covers provided to the moving or rotating parts of machines. In Verka there is proper guarding of the machinery. Safety Department considers HIRA (Hazard Identification &Risk Analysis) for the guarding of the machinery. The machine guarding is done in such a way that the machines may not cause any harm to the workers.

5) MAINTENANCE OF PLANT: The plant should be maintained in good

condition. All objects likely to obstruct the passages meant for movement by workers should be removed. Passages should not be used to store goods or materials. Dry, clean and ventilated store rooms with suitable racks, shelves, etc. should be provided for keeping electrical and keeping other hazardous equipment.

In Verka there is Continuous Development & Maintenance Program which is considered for the maintenance of the plant. Under this there is proper maintenance of the plant.

6) REGULAR INSPECTION: There should be regular inspection of machines

and equipment and electricity cables to check any leakage. In Verka there is provision of regular inspection by the safety department. Safety department make regular inspection of different production departments. The time period is different for different machines. Some machines are inspected quarterly some are inspected half yearly and some are inspected once in a year. Overall we can say that all machines are inspected at least once in a year.

7) EQUIPMENT REDESIGN: Industrial engineers should be engaged to

improve the man-machine system. Equipment, machinery and work procedures should be redesigned to cut down accident rate. In Verka there is a separate Engineering Department which works for redesigning the old machines. The old machines are replaced with new ones when are not working properly. In case if the machines are not going to be replaced soon the safety precautions for the workers are increased.

8) PROPER CLOTHING: The workers should be provided with proper

clothing and other protective things such as hand gloves, masks, helmets, safety footwear, etc. while at work. The clothing should serve a dual purpose of providing convenience as well as protection at work. The use of articles made of inflammable material must be prohibited while working on operations that involve risk of fire. Chemicals should be carefully handled. In Verka full sleeve uniforms are provided to the workers. For the workers working in laboratories aprons are provided. All the uniforms and aprons are made of pure cotton and are skin friendly.

9) CLEAN FLOORS: There should be no trailing of telephone cables on the

floors. Floors, passages and stares must be kept clear of obstructions. In Verka cleaning system is very good. If there is some thing dropped on the floor, the floor is immediately cleaned. So that workers may not slip or any harm is caused to them.

10) SAFETY CAMPAIGN: Safety program must be given a wide publicity

through posters and hoardings. Work Safety and Safely Saves are illustrations of the slogans which may be displayed at critical points. Safety contests may also be held between the plants as a part of the safety campaign. Plant with lowest accident rate may be given some reward. In Verka safety program is given wild publicity. Hoardings are placed in every corner of the factory so that the workers may remain conscious about the safety. These hoardings contain instructions about the safety. Apart from this Safety Day and fire service day are celebrated to promote safety. Safety day is celebrated on 4th March. On this day various competitions regarding safety are conducted like quiz competition, safety posters making, slogans etc. the workers can give their suggestions regarding the safety. Plays are conducted regarding safety; rounds are taken in different departments handling mashall or flags in hands. Some times this celebration goes on for a week or even a month.

Fire service day is celebrated on 14th April. This day is celebrated to give the information to the workers about how to handle the situation of fie. Like the safety day the completions are conducted but only regarding the fire. BBS (Behavior Based Safety) program are conducted. There is mock drill on the fire service day

Thus the safety department properly takes care of the safety of the workers and promotes the safety through the campaign. It give the proper education to the employees The department not only spend on safety education, but also provide necessary safety equipments and maintain them in good working order.

SAFETY EDUCATION
A Safety education program, designed to spread safety consciousness among all including executives, supervisors, and operative employees, is necessary and it must have complete support of top management. Safety education may be imparted via posters, bulletin boards, house organs, displays, cartoons, slogans, signs, and safety films. The employer must not only spend on safety education, but also provide necessary safety equipments and maintain them in good working order. Every new employee must be given safety training in the first week of his joining and the old employees must be provided with retraining. The safety office plays a vital role in promoting safety consciousness through safety education and training. T.O. Armstrong has outlined five elements of a safety training program which are as follows: 4. A safe method of performing each job operation or sequence of operations is developed and described in simple but adequate detail. 5. The various hazard points are brought to light and described together with the relationship between these and the various steps in safety method. 6. The teaching is systematic and thorough. In the somewhat idiomatic English of a successful teacher, it is: a) Tell him. b) Show him. c) Have him do it. d) Correct him until he has it. e) Supervise him to see that he keeps it. 4. The reason for requiring the wearing of personal protective equipment needed, if any, as goggles, safety shoes, hand protectors, and the like is explained and its proper use and care taught in full detail. 5. Specific safeguards needed for the protection of the worker or his fellows are similarly explained and their correct usage taught.

SAFETY OF FACTORY WORKERS

The safety provisions are contained in section 21 to 41 of the Factories Act, 1948. The provisions are to be followed by every factory covered by this act. They are obligatory in their character. The requirements prescribed under the act are absolute and are in no way dependent upon previous notice or warning from the Inspector of Factories. The provisions dealing with the safety of the workers in different states are supplemented by rules framed by each State Government. So in relation to a factory in a particular State, the rules of the Government of the state must be referred to. The safety provisions as given under the Factories Act described as under: 10) Fencing of machinery (Sec.21) 11) Work on or near machinery in motion (Sec.22) 12) Employment of young persons on Dangerous Machines (Sec.23) 13) Striking Gear and Devices for Cutting of Power (Sec.24) 14) Self acting Machine (Sec.25) 15) Casing of New Machinery (Sec.26) 16) Prohibition of Employment of Women and Children near Cotton-openers (Sec.27) 17) Hoists and Lifts (Sec.28) 18) Lifting Machines, Chains, Ropes and Lifting Tackles (Sec.29) 10) Revolving Machinery (Sec.30) 11) Pressure plant (Sec.31) 12) Floors, stairs and Means of Access (Sec.32) 13) Pits, Sumps, Opening in Floors, etc. (Sec.33) 14) Excessive Weights (Sec.34) 15) Protection of Eyes (Sec.35) 16) Precautions against Dangerous Fumes (Sec.36) 17) Precautions regarding the use of Portable Light (Sec.36A) 18) Explosive or Inflammable Dust, Gas, etc. (Sec.37) 19) Precautions in case of Fire (Sec.38) 20) Power to require Specification of Defective Part or Tests of Stability (Sec.39) 21) Safety of Buildings and Machinery (Sec.40)

22) Maintenance of Buildings (Sec.40A) 23) Safety Officers (Sec.40B) 24) Power to Make Rules (Sec.41)

1) FENCING OF MACHINERY (SEC.21): In every factory, every

dangerous part of any machinery-every moving part of a prime mover and every flywheel connected to prime-mover, the head-race and tail-race of every water wheel and water turbine, and every part of an electric generator, motor or rotary converter, every part of transmission machinery-must be securely fenced by safeguards of substantial construction. The State Government is empowered to frame rules in this regard.

2) WORK ON OR NEAR MACHINERY IN MOTION (SEC.22):

With a view to secure the safety of the workers, it is necessary to examine any part of the machinery while it is in motion. The examination and lubrication of the machinery, should be carried out only be a specially trained adult worker wearing tight-fitting clothing. Such a worker is not allowed to handle a belt at a moving pulley unless the belt is less than fifteen cm. in width and the belt-joint is either laced or flush with belt. women and young children are not allowed to clean, lubricate or adjust any part of a prime-mover or of transmission machinery while it is in motion, if it is likely to expose her or him to risk to injury from any moving part.

3) EMPLOYMENT OF YOUNG PERSONS ON DANGEROUS MACHINES (SEC.23): No young person shall work at any machine unless he
has been fully instructed as to be dangers arising in connection with the machine and the precautions to be observed and: c) Has received sufficient training in work at machine, or d) Is under adequate supervision by a person who has a thorough knowledge and experience of the machine.

4)

STRIKING GEAR AND DEVICES FOR CUTTING OFF

POWER (SEC.24):

In every factory:
c) Suitable striking gear or other efficient mechanical appliances shall be provided and used to move driving belts to and from fast and loose pulleys which form part of the transmission machinery, and such gear or appliances shall be constructed, placed and maintained as to prevent the belt from creeping back on to the fast pulley; d) Driving belts when not in use shall not be allowed to rest or ride upon shaft in motion.

5) SELF-ACTING MACHINES (SEC.25): No traversing part of a selfacting machine in any factory and no material carried thereon shall be allowed to run on its outward or inward traverse within a distance of eighteen inches from any fixed structure which is not a part of the machine.

6) CASING OF NEW MACHINERY (SEC.26): In all machinery driven

by power and installed in any factory: c) Every set screw, bolt or key on any revolving shaft, spindle wheel or pinion shall be so sunk, encased or otherwise effectively guarded as to prevent danger; d) All spur, worm and other toothed or friction gearing which does not require adjustment while in motion shall be completely encased, unless it is so situated as it would be if it were completely encased.

7) PROHIBITION OF EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN NEAR COTTON-OPENERS (SEC.27): No women or child
shall be employed in any part of a factory where pressing cotton-opener is at work: provided that if the feed end of a cotton opener is in a room separated from the delivery end by a partition extending to the roof or to such height as the inspector may in particular case specify in writing, women and children may be employed on the side of the partition where the feed end is situated.

8) HOISTS AND LIFTS (SEC.28): In every factory:

a) Every hoist and lift shall be: of good mechanical construction, sound material and adequate strength; Properly maintained and shall be thoroughly examined by a competent person at least once in every period of six months. b) Every hoist way and lift way shall be sufficiently protected by an enclosure Fitted with gates, and the hoist or lift and every such enclosure shall be so Constructed as to prevent any person or thing from being trapped between any Part of the hoist or thing and any fixed structure or moving part.

9)

LIFTING MACHINES, CHAINS, ROPES AND LIFTING

TACKLES (SEC.29): In every factory, the following provisions shall be

complied with in respect of every lifting machine and every chain; rope and lifting tackle for the purpose of raising or lowering persons, goods or materials: a) All parts, including the working gear, whether fixed or movable, or Every lifting machine and every chain, rope or lifting tackle shall be: of good construction, sound material and adequate strength and free from defects; properly maintained; and thoroughly examined by a competent person at least once in every period of twelve months; b) no lifting machine and no chain, rope or lifting tackle shall, except for the purpose of test, be loaded beyond the safe working load which shall be plainly marked thereon together with an identification mark and duly entered in the prescribed register;

10) REVOLVING MACHINERY (SEC.30): In every room in a factory in

which the process of gridding is carried on, there shall be permanently affixed to or placed near each machine in use a notice indicating the maximum safe working peripheral speed of every grindstone or abrasive wheel, and the diameter of the pulley upon such shaft or spindle necessary to secure such safe working peripheral speed.

11) PRESSURE PLANT (SEC.31): If in any factory, any part of the plant or
machinery used in a manufacturing process is operated at a pressure above atmospheric pressure, effective measures shall be taken to ensure that the safe working pressure of such part is not exceeded.

12) FLOORS, STAIRS, AND MEANS OF ACCESS (SEC.32): In

every factory, all floors, steps, stairs, passage and gangways shall be of sound construction and properly maintained and shall be kept free from obstruction and substances likely to cause persons to slip and where it is necessary to ensure safety, steps, stairs, passage and gangways shall be provided with substantial handrails.

13) PITS, SUMPS, OPENING IN FLOORS, ETC.(SEC.33): In every

factory, fixed vessel, sump, tank, pit or opening in the ground or in a floor which, by reason of its depth, situation, construction or contents, is or may be a source of danger shall be either securely covered or securely fenced.

14) EXCESSIVE WEIGHTS (SEC.34): No person shall be employed in

any factory to lift, carry or move any load so heavy as to be likely to cause him injury. The State Government may make rules prescribed the maximum weights may be lifted, carried or moved by adult men, adult women, adolescent and children employed in factories or in any class or description of factories or in a carrying on any specified process.

15)

PROTECTION OF EYES (SEC.35): In respect of any such

manufacturing process carried on in any factory as may be prescribed, being a process which involves: c) risk of injury to the eyes from particles thrown off in the course of the process, or d) Risk to the eyes by reason of exposure to excessive light, the State Government may be rules require that effective screens or suitable goggles shall be provided for the protection of persons employed on, or in the immediate vicinity of the process.

16) PRECAUTIONS AGAINST DANGEROUS FUMES (SEC.36):

c) In any factory, no person shall enter or be permitted to enter any chamber, tank, vat, pit, pipe, flue or other confined space in which dangerous fumes are likely tube present to such an extent as to involve risk of persons being overcome thereby, unless it is provided with a manhole of adequate size or effective means of either; I. a certificate in writing has been given by a competent person, based on a test carried out by himself, that the space is free from dangerous fumes and fit for persons to enter, or, II. The worker is wearing suitable breathing apparatus and a belt securely attached to a rope, the free end of which is held by a person standing outside the confined space. d) No person shall be permitted to enter any boiler furnace, boiler flue, chamber, tank, vat, pipe or other confined space for the purpose of working or making any examination therein until it has been sufficiently cooled by ventilation or otherwise to be safe for persons to enter.

17)

PRECAUTIONS REGARDING THE USE OF PORTABLE

LIGHT (SEC.36A): In every factory:

c) no portable electric light or any other electric appliance of voltage exceeding twenty-four volts shall be permitted for use inside any chamber, tank, vat, pit, pipe, flue or other confined space; and d) If any inflammable gas, fume or dust is likely to be present in such chamber, tank, vat, flue or other confined space, no lamp light other than that of flameproof construction shall be permitted to be used therein.

18)

EXPLOSIVE OR INFLAMMABLE DUST, GAS, ETC.

(SEC.37): Where in any factory any manufacturing process produces dust, gas,
fume or vapors of such character and to such extent as to be likely to explode on ignition, all practicable measures shall be taken to prevent any such explosion by: d) effective enclosure or the plant of machinery used in the process;

e) removal or prevention of the accumulation of such dust, gas, fume or vapors; f) Exclusion or effective enclosure of all possible sources of ignition.

19) PRECAUTIONS IN CASE OF FIRE (SEC.38):

e) In every factory there shall be provided such means of escape in case of fire as may be prescribed. f) In every factory the doors affording exit from any room shall not be locked or fastened so that they cannot be easily and immediately opened from the inside while any person is within the room, and all such doors, unless they are of the sliding type, shall be constructed to open outwards. g) In every factory every window, door or exit affording a means of escape in case of fire, other than the means of exit in ordinary use, shall be distinctively marked in language understood by the majority of the workers and in red letters of adequate size or by some other effective and clearly understood sign. h) There shall be provided in every factory effective and clearly audible means of giving warning in case of fire to every person employed in the factory.

20) POWER TO REQUIRE SPECIFICATION OF DEFECTIVE PART OR TESTS OF STABILITY (SEC.39): If it appears to the Inspector
that any building or part of a building or any part of the ways, machinery or plant in a factory is in such a condition that it may be dangerous to human life or safety, he may serve on the occupier or manager or both of the factory an order in writing requiring him before a specified date: a) To furnish such drawings, specifications and other particulars as may be necessary to determine whether such building, ways, machinery or plant be used with safety, or b) To carry out such tests in such manner as may be specified in the order, and to inform the Inspector of the results thereof.

21) SAFETY OF BUILDINGS AND MACHINERY (SEC.40): If it

appears to the Inspector that any building or part of a building or any part of the ways, machinery or plant in a factory is in such a condition that it may be dangerous to

human life or safety, he may serve on the occupier or manager or both of the factory an order in writing specifying the measures which in his opinion should be adopted, and requiring them to be carried out before a specified date.

22) MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS (SEC.40A): If it appears to the

Inspector that any building or part of a building in a factory is in such a state of disrepair as is likely to lead to conditions detrimental to the health and welfare of the workers, he may serve on the occupier or manager or both of the factory an order in writing specifying the measures which in his opinion would be taken and requiring the same to be carried out before such date as is specified in the order.

23) SAFETY OFFICERS (SEC.40B): In every factory:

d) Wherein, one thousand or more workers are ordinarily employed, or e) Wherein, in the opinion of the State Government, any manufacturing process or operation is carried on, which process or operation involves any risk of bodily injury, poisoning or disease, or any other hazard to health, to the persons employed in the factory, f) The duties, qualifications and conditions of service of safety officers shall be such as may be prescribed by the State Government.

24) POWER TO MAKE RULES (SEC.41): The State Government may

make rules requiring the provision in any factory or in any class or description of factories of such further devices and measures for securing the safety of persons employed therein as it may deem necessary.

Chapter no.3 Data analysis & Interpretation

The analysis and discussion tells us about job satisfaction at Verka milk Plant Ltd. Mohali. It covers the aspects like general profile of the respondents, their degree of satisfaction in different areas.

General profile of respondents

This section gives the general profile of respondents as obtained from the data collected through survey. It deals with age and gender.

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR HEALTH & SAFETY

Question 1:-Is there proper floor cleaning system in Verka? Answer:Serial no. (1) (2) Parameter Yes No Total No of Respondents 18 2 20 Percentage 90% 10% 100%

Percentage

10%

Yes No

90%

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about floor cleaning system in Verka 90% says yes it is proper and 10% no it is not proper table shows the percentage of all responses. Q.2 Is there proper ventilation in the different production areas in Mohali? Serial no. (1) (2) Parameter Yes No Total No of Respondents 16 4 20 Percentage 80% 20% 100%

Percentage

20%

Yes No

80%

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about ventilation in the different production areas Verka 80% says yes it is proper and 20% no it is not proper table shows the percentage of all responses. Question 3:-Is there proper fencing of the machinery?

Answer:-

Serial no. (1) (2)

Parameter Yes No Total

No of Respondents 18 2 20

Percentage 90% 10% 100%

Percentage

10%

Yes No

90%

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about fencing of the machinery 90% says yes it is proper and 10% says no it is not proper table shows the percentage of the responses.

Question 4:-Is there proper arrangement of replacing the defective parts of the machinery and proper repairing? Answer:-

Serial no. (1) (2)

Parameter Yes No Total

No of Respondents 16 4 20

Percentage 80% 20% 100%

Percentage

20%

Yes No

80%

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about arrangement of replacing the defective parts of the machinery and proper repairing. 80% says yes it is proper and 20% says no it is not proper table shows the percentage

of the responses.

Question 5:-Are there you satisfied from the facilities provided to you? Answer:-

Serial no. (1) (2)

Parameter Yes No Total

No of Respondents 14 6 20

Percentage 70% 30% 100%

Percentage

30% Yes No 70%

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about the satisfaction from the facilities provided to you 70% says yes they are satisfied and 30% says they are not satisfied proper table shows the percentage of the responses.

Question 6:-How well the fire fighting system of Verka is? Answer:-

Serial no. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Parameter Excellent Very good Good Moderate Poor Total

No of Respondents 6 8 2 4

Percentage 30% 40% 10% 20%

20

100%

Percentage

20%

0% 30% Excellent Very good good

10%

Moderate Poor 40%

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about the fire fighting system in Verka 6 i.e.30% said that it is excellent 8 i.e.40% said that it is very good 2 i.e.10% said that it is good and 4 i.e.20% considers it moderate. Results are shown in the table.

Question 7:-What do you think about the arrangement of providing the first aid in case of injury?

Answer:-

Serial no. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Parameter Excellent Very good Good Moderate Poor Total

No of Respondents 10 6 2 2

Percentage 50% 30% 10% 10%

20

100%

Percentage

10% 10%

0% Excellent Very good good 50% Moderate Poor

30%

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about the first aid provision in Verka 10 i.e.50% said that it is excellent 6 i.e.30% said that it is very good 10% said that it is good and 10% considers it moderate. Results are shown in the table.

Question 8:-How well safety officers perform their duties? Answer:-

Serial no. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Parameter Excellent Very good Good Moderate Poor Total

No of Respondents 12 4 3 1

Percentage 60% 20% 15% 5%

20

100%

Percentage

15%

5%

0% Excellent Very good good Moderate Poor

20%

60%

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about the performance of the safety officers in Verka 12 i.e.60% said that it is excellent 4 i.e.20% said that it is very good 3 i.e.15% said that it is good and 1 i.e.5% considers it moderate. Results are shown in the table

Question 9:-How will you rate the factory as a work place? Answer:-

Serial no. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Parameter Excellent Very good Good Moderate Poor Total

No of Respondents 15 3 1 1

Percentage 75% 15% 5% 5% 0%

20

100%

Percentage

5% 15%

5%

0% Excellent Very good good Moderate 75% Poor

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about the factory as work place 15 i.e.75% said that it is excellent 3 i.e.15% said that it is very good 1 i.e.5% said that it is good and 1 i.e.5% considers it moderate. Results are shown in the table.

Question 10:-How will you rate the Safety system of Verka? Answer:-

Serial no. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Parameter Excellent Very good Good Moderate Poor Total

No of Respondents 10 6 2 2

Percentage 50% 30% 10% 10% 0%

20

100%

Percentage

10% 10%

0% Excellent Very good good 50% Moderate Poor

30%

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about the safety system in Verka 10 i.e.50% said that it is excellent 6 i.e.30% said that it is very good 2 i.e. 10% said that it is good and 2 i.e. 10% considers it moderate. Results are shown in the table

Question 11:-How will you rate the behavior of the senior officers? Answer:-

Serial no. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Parameter Excellent Very good Good Moderate Poor Total

No of Respondents 6 8 3 2 1 20

Percentage 30% 40% 15% 10% 5% 100%

Percentage

10% 15%

5% 30% Excellent Very good good Moderate Poor 40%

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about the lighting system in Verka 6 i.e.30% said that it is excellent, 8 i.e.40% said that it is

very good., 3 i.e.15% said that it is good and 2 i.e.10% considers it moderate, 1 i.e.5%considers it poor . Results are shown in the table.

Chapter no .4 FINDING & CONCLUSION

From the data collected from the various departments Milk Operations, Fresh Milk Reception, Egron, Warehouse, Culinary, Powder Filling Plant, Accounts, HR etc in the Verka we come to the result that 80% workers are satisfied from the ventilation system in the production areas and 20% says that it should be more improved. 75% workers say that there is proper provision of protecting eyes and 25% workers dont think so. 90% says that there is proper fencing of machinery and 10% want more improvement 70% workers says that they are satisfied from the facilities given to them by the Verka but 30%says that there should be more facilities regarding Health & Safety. About the fire fighting system in Verka 30% workers said that it is excellent .40% said that it is very good .10% said that it is good and .20% considers it moderate. About the first aid provision in Verka .50% said that it is excellent .30% said that it is very good 10% said that it is good and 10% considers it moderate. When the employees were asked about the performance of the safety officers in Verka .60% said that it is excellent .20% said that it is very good .15% said that it is good and . 5% considers it moderate. About the behavior of senior officers in Verka .30% said that it is excellent,.40% said that it is very good., 15% said that it is good and 10% considers it moderate,5%considers it poor In the end we can say that the overall percentage of the satisfaction of the workers from the provisions regarding health and safety is higher than dissatisfaction. Most of the workers are satisfied from the working conditions in the Mohali.

OBSERVATIONS
During the training period some shortcomings were observed which are listed below: Grass in the lawns is not cut in time it is cut when the grass is grown like a field. There were mosquitoes in the area where the milk is unloaded in the storage tanks and is supplied to different areas. There is not the provision of dispensary services during the night shifts it is only from 8 A.M to 5 P.M. The medicines in the first aid box were being misused The doctor in the dispensary is not permanent. There is only a permanent Pharmacist. Employees spend more time for the checkup There is not any system for monitoring the time spent by the workers for checkup.

Chapter no.5 SUGGESTIONS & RECCOMMDATION

There are some suggestions that can be given for the improvement There should be some medical facilities available for night shift, and two employees from each department should be well-trained for providing first aid To monitor the time spend for the medical checkup one should enter the arrival and departure time in the punch machine time while going for checkup. There should be provision of permanent doctor in the dispensary so that instant critical situation can be handled Shift officer should have a control on the consumption of the consumption of the medicines in the first aid box No one should be allowed to visit dispensary without medical slip signed by the shift officer. Grassy lawn should be properly maintained Regular cleaning should be done in training department Mosquito killing spray should be used in drainage area. Sewerage storage area should be covered separate

Chapter no .6 BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS T.N.CHHABRA, HUMAN RESOURSE MANAGEMENT Concepts & issues, DHANPAT RAI & CO., 2007, 479-497. WEBSITES http://www.google.com/ http://www.Mohali.in/

ANNEXURE
Question 1:-Is there proper floor cleaning system in Verka? Ans: a) Yes b) No Question 2:-Is there proper ventilation in the different production areas in Verka? Ans: a) Yes b) No Question 3:-Is there proper fencing of the machinery? Ans: a) Yes b) No Question 4:-Is there proper arrangement of replacing the defective parts of the machinery and proper repairing? Ans: a) Yes b) No Question 5:-Are there you satisfied from the facilities provided to you? Ans: a) Yes b) No Question 6:-How well the fire fighting system of Verka is? Ans: a) Excellent b) Very good c) Good d) Moderate e) Poor Question 7:-What do you think about the arrangement of providing the first aid in case of injury? Ans: a) Excellent b) Very good c) Good d) Moderate e) Poor Question 8:-How well safety officers perform their duties? Ans: a) Excellent b) Very good c) Good d) Moderate e) Poor Question 9:-How will you rate the factory as a work place? Ans: a) Excellent b) Very good c) Good d) Moderate e) Poor Question 10:-How will you rate the Safety system of Verka? Ans: a) Excellent b) Very good c) Good d) Moderate e) Poor