Infant and Toddler Spaces

design for a quality classroom

A collaboration between WestEds Program for Infant/Toddler Care (PITC) and Community Playthings

I have always been regretting that I was not as wise as the day I was born.
- Henry David Thoreau

Infant and Toddler Spaces

d esign f o r a q ua l i t y classroo m
Adults admire their environment; they can remember it and think about itbut a child absorbs it. The things he sees are not just remembered; they form part of his soul. He incarnates in himself all in the world about him that his eyes see and his ears hear. Maria Montessori
Educator, physician, philosopher

Contents:
Importance of the Environment ................................2 Brain Development .......................................................3 8 Considerations for Quality I/T Environments Safety ..............................4 Health ..............................4 Comfort ...........................5 Convenience ....................5 Child-Size Space ..............6 Flexibility .........................7 Movement .......................8 Choice .............................9 4

Group Size/Ratios .........................................................9 Considerations for the Architect .............................10 Infants: Guide to Room Planning ..................................12 Toddlers: Guide to Room Planning ...............................14

Importance of the Environment

Absorbing a host of impressions through his senses is almost the exclusive task of the infant Often the whole life of a person is not sufficient to efface the impressions absorbed in childhood, because his whole being, like a large eye, was open and wholly given to them. For this reason the care of an infant is so important. Friedrich Froebel, Educator,
founder of the Kindergarten

he first months and years of a childs life are the most formative in development of mind, body, and spirit. Sleep, emotional and physical nourishment, and sensory stimulation are more important in infancy than at any other time. The most vital need for these youngest children is warm, nurturing care from the adults they depend on. We must also provide them with secure surroundings, and equipment and playthings that meet their needs and support their individual development.

Brain Development
Babies are busy wiring their brains. They are born with all the brain cells (neurons) they need, but they are not intelligent as we understand that term. they perceive but dont think the way we do because they cant retain images or symbols in their minds. Babies construct intelligence through experience, welding sparsely connected neurons into densely interconnected pathways.
Jim Greenman, Educator, Sr. Vice President of Program Development, Bright Horizons Family Solutions

he first three years of a childs life are critical for brain development. After birth, brain cells establish trillions of connections. These connecting synapses form the brains maps that govern thought, feelings, and behavior. Brain cells analyze, coordinate, and transmit information. The brain learns and remembers throughout life by constantly changing these networks as it receives input from its environment. Although parents pass on a variety of characteristics to their children through

their genes, the environment plays a major role in developing a childs personality by shaping the expression of those genes. External influences, from conception onward, offer the brain intel-

lectual, emotional, social, and physical experiences for the trillions of connections between brain cells that make learning and memory possible.

Eight Considerations for Quality Infant and Toddler Environments

adapted from PITC's Infant/Toddler Caregiving: A Guide to Setting Up Environments

ince surroundings have such a powerful influence on infants and toddlers, there are eight qualities to consider when setting up group care environments. These qualities can be divided into two groups. Four relate to the needs of infants and their caregivers: Safety, Health, Comfort, and Convenience. The second four support infant development: Child-Size Space, Flexibility, Movement, and Choice.

1. Safety
Safety is one of the most important concerns in a group-care setting. In a safe environment, children move about freely and explore without the caregiver worrying about children getting hurt. She can spend her time in positive interaction with the children, rather than patrolling a no environment. Safe environments have: developmentally appropriate equipment made of non-toxic materials such as wood. non-slip floors. stable shelves, objects and fixtures with rounded corners. steps toddlers can use to reach the changing table so that caregivers will not have to lift them.

As soon as a baby starts crawling, you can count on the fact that he will discover every hidden danger in the environment. That means his caregivers need to discover those hidden dangers first and eliminate them.
- Dr. Thelma Harms,
Director of Curriculum Development, Research Professor, UNC-CH School of Education

2. Health
Health is a fundamental issue when caring for infants and toddlers. Both children and adults must be protected from infection and illness, above all by a wellkept environment. Separate the diapering and toileting areas from food preparation and feeding areas. Keep these and all areas clean at all times. Have sufficient plumbing to allow children and caregivers to wash hands regularly. Make sure surfaces are easy to clean and suitable for the activities in the areawalls, floors, furniture, and toys. Heat, light, ventilation and acoustics all have an impact on the development of childrens health. Since smell is one of the most important indicators of a healthy environment, clean floors and furnishings are of utmost importance. A child care center needs an efficient air exchange system, as well as screened, openable windows, if at all possible.

3. Comfort
A comfortable environment creates a calming atmosphere and allows both infants and caregivers to function without stress, which is injurious to brain development. Reducing clutter, giving attention to attractive display, and introducing nature in the room are some ways to bring about a harmonious and relaxing mood. Try soft and natural colors on walls and furnishings. Use natural light, lamps, and full-spectrum lights rather than fluorescent lights. Each room needs a steady flow of fresh air. Acoustical tiles and rugs with pads help to absorb noise. Soft cushions, pillows and back supports for adults sitting on the floor help make the environment comfortable.

4. Convenience
A convenient environment is one in which both the infants and adults can easily see, find, and access materials. Make sure the arrangement of equipment is clear and visible to all who use the space. Materials should be grouped together logically. Since infants and toddlers cannot read labels, they take cues from the way each area is organized, as well as its mood, to stimulate their interaction with the environment.

Storage and Shelves

Storage is the caregivers strong silent partner in a smoothly run childcare program. Adequate storage and proper placement of storage builds ease and efficiency into your environment.

Entrance and Parent Communication Area

Entering and leaving the child care setting are important activities. A well-defined entrance gives children a clear sense of space, predictability and security. Both children and parents can experience separation anxiety, so an attractive and cheerful entrance can dispel their fears, inviting them to enter a special place designed just for them. When parents feel welcome in the classroom, they'll have more confidence to visit, communicate, and make the transition that works for them.

Feeding, Washing, and Toileting Areas

Feeding and toileting areas must be clean, bright and convenient. That means the environment must be easy to clean and easy to work in. The equipment should be scaled so that picking up, bending over, and reaching are kept to a minimum.

Infants experience Three Stages of Development:

egardless of age, infants are searching for a sense of security, are drawn to exploration of their surroundings, and are carving out their own special identity. The caregiver-help that children require changes as they progress through the stages of infancy. It is important that the surrounding environment supports both the growing infants and the teachers who care for them. Young or Immobile Infants (0-8 months) thrive on the warmth and caring from a close relationship with caregivers. This security prompts young infants to explore and begin to shape their identity. Mobile Infants (6-18 months) are more focused on exploration. Curious, the mobile infant learns to propel herself to explore the environment when she feels secure. Toddlers (16-36 months) are establishing their identity. Who am I, and who is in charge? Although a toddler is asserting his own control and independence, he still needs a strong sense of security in order to explore the world with more purpose.

5. Child-Size Space
When an environment is designed to fit infants and toddlers, they can reach what they want, climb up what (to them) are challenging distances, and explore what interests them. Caregivers spend less time lifting children, putting them in chairs, getting toys for them, and picking up things they drop. Child-size space also takes into account the role of the caregiver. Intentional and responsive interaction with each child will encourage them to new levels of play. Since the quality of your interactions has a direct bearing on children's confidence and ability to learn, swings and walkers are not recommended. They inhibit the infant's natural need to move and explore, and prevent adults from interacting in the ways that benefit children most. If the space is child-scale and designed for exploration, and if caregivers are interactive, "babysitter equipment" will not be needed.

Research shows that the more child-scaled the environmental space, the higher the quality and complexity of children's play will be, and the longer they will be preoccupied in the play. In other words, a child-scaled environment increases children's interest and concentration, and it delays boredom. In a large space, children are encouraged through reading the environment to move about from one thing to another, whereas in small contained areas, they are more focused.
Randy White, CEO, White Hutchinson Leisure & Learning Group, Inc. Designing facilities for children's development, learning and play

On a Child's Level
Its such a big world. Your classroom may be the one place where a child can reach, sit, play and work without constantly asking an adult for access.

To create a child-size environment, use:

tables and chairs that are small and low. 24" shelves so children can see and reach toys. mirrors and pictures at child-height. easels at infants eye level, 10"14" off the ground for toddlers. steps 4"-5" high. some adult-size furniture, so caregivers can rock and cuddle children in comfort.

6. Flexibility
To create a flexible room: Use equipment that is easy to movelightweight and mobile. Use adjustable equipment that will keep up with growing children. Store a variety of toys, materials, and equipment in a convenient place. Combine some activity areas to maximize the use of your space: for example, the messy activities can take place in the mealtime area. the caregiver can see and respond to any child who needs attention. An open center creates maximum flexibility and lets children navigate easily between areas and explore their independence.

Working with Limited Space

When a small area must meet the varied needs of infants and toddlers, you have the challenge of limited space. Strategies for designing a limited space include: A changeable environment. Lightweight, easy-to-move boundaries. Multi-use, multi-purpose equipment. Optimal storage and creative use of space. Tables that serve two or three purposes, such as feeding, art play, and messy activities, are examples of multi-purpose equipment.

Activity Areas
Think of activity areas as separate places, like little islands. Then work to make them feel separate. You can do that by making sure each activity area has these three qualities: 1. A separate physical location. 2. Boundaries that separate it from other areas. 3. A mood, feeling or personality. Each part of the environment has an impact on the children and adults who use the space, so consider the kind of effect you would like each area to have, and how it reflects your programs goals.

An Open Center
No matter what type of setting you have, plan to keep part of it open. Placing all the large equipment around the edge of the room allows you to keep the center open and to alter it as needed. An open center lets the children see what activities are available throughout the room. The children can also see the caregiver across the room, and

Toddlers will move whether moving is safe or not. They constantly try out new movement skills and explore their independence. A welldesigned environment encourages safe exploration but gives toddlers the feeling of risk, of expanding their limits.
Infant/Toddler Caregiving: A Guide to Setting Up Environments, by Ron Lally & Jay Stewart

7. Movement
Infants and toddlers need an environment that encourages movement. The first three years are what Piaget calls the sensorimotor period, where infants and toddlers learn through sensory exploration. They develop physical and cognitive skills, and learn about people and objects by becoming fully involved with their surroundings. Encourage infants and toddlers to move freely and explore with: open pathways for crawling; low steps to climb; surfaces with a variety of textures, tunnels, slides, mattresses, rocking boats, play pits, balance beams, hammocks, risers, lofts and easy access to outdoors. points and numerous chances for movement. By creating various levels, you also expand the space. For example, you can place a big chair or playhouse on the floor level, then use a loft over the same floor space for a climbing apparatus with a platform to play on. Researchers have found that fixed equipment such as climbers and slides, rather than toys and planned activities, stimulate cooperative peer play.

Multiple Levels
Set up your environment so that crawlers and walkers can both see and get to many levels. Use slopes, stairs, or small ladders. Create a shallow play-pit. Different levels provide variety, diverse view-

Know your group size/ratios

T
8. Choice
An environment that allows infants and toddlers to make choices supports their development because it is predictable and provides children opportunities to discover what they find interesting or challenging. Set up different areas of the room with a variety of activities, textures, and equipment. There should be spaces for large group activities as well as small, private spaces, active and quiet play areas and room for messy activities. Your space can support your program, providing stimulation and a balance between challenge and comfort, so children can push their limits and expand them. Caregivers need to be able to observe and respond to cues in the childrens behavior in order to arrange and rearrange the environment.

he regulations for group size and caregiver-to-child ratios vary from state to state. Be sure to check your states requirements. The Program for Infant/Toddler Care recommended Group Sizes for Same-Age Groups are:
Age 08 months 618 months 16-36 months Ratio 1:3 1:3 1:4 Total Size 6 9 12 Minimum # Square Feet Per Group* 350 500 600

Rest and Sleeping Areas

Infants and toddlers in child care should be able to rest or sleep when they are tired. An infant who wakes up often during the night may need more sleep the following day. A toddler just getting over the flu may need two naps instead of the usual one. The environment should have places where children can relax and a place where they can take a nap with their own bedding whenever they are sleepy.

The Program for Infant/Toddler Care recommended Group Size for Mixed-Age Groups are:
Age 036 months Ratio 1:4** Total Size 8 Minimum # Square Feet Per Group* 600

*The space guidelines represent minimum standards of adequate square footage per group; the amounts shown do not include space for entrance areas, hallways, diapering, or napping areas. **Of the four infants assigned to a caregiver, only two should be under twenty-four months of age.

Babies and toddlers usually play most happily with a few toys that are changed frequently. When a toy that has been put away for a short time reappears, it again captures the childs attention because it seems new and exciting.
Dr. Thelma Harms,
Director of Curriculum Development, Research Professor, UNC-CH School of Education

For more information, visit: www.pitc.org Search for: Recommendations for Group Size

Considerations for the Architect

1. Involve teachers, parents and children in the design process, and allow enough time for the design process. 2. Licensing standards do not always support the developmental needs of children. For instance, while 35 square feet per child may be your state's minimum space requirement, it is not enough for children's optimal use of indoor environments. Quality programs make decisions based on what nurtures the child and his development. 3. Long-term flexibility is of utmost importance. For this reason mobile storage is preferable to built-in storage. 4. Follow the children's ADA standards rather than using the adult ADA standards in children's areas. 5. Doors: keep to a minimum, as they take space and generate traffic. 6. Windows: Natural light is excellent, and children love to look out; but too much glass creates a harsh environment, takes valuable space, and can make the environment feel exposed. 7. Floor surfaces: consider material, color, ease of cleaning, sound absorption, and visual effect. 8. Ceiling surfaces: acoustic tiles absorb sound, whereas hard surfaces reflect sound. Pay attention to the acoustics. A loud environment hinders development and increases stress. A quiet environment encourages calm behavior and focused play.

10

Play is an expression of our creativity, and creativity is at the very root of our ability to learn, to cope, and to become whatever we may be.
Fred Rogers of
Mister Rogers Neighborhood

As seen on PBS, www.fci.org and www.pbs.org/rogers

11

Infants: A Quick Guide to Room Planning

active zone
Tile Carpet

messy zone
Tile

Carpet

Dry Region
quiet zone
Outdoors

Wet
Outdoors

Region
entry

zone

Infant Room 8 Children

Entry

Infant Room 8 Children

Entry

1. Make a Room Plan:

Draw the room (to scale) on graph paper. Add: windows, doors, sinks, floor surfacing.

4. Divide into Wet & Dry Regions.

Wet Region: Identify using the 3F rule: flow, flooring and fixed plumbing. Dry Region: Should contain at least one protected corner, and can be carpeted.

5. Divide into Zones:

In Wet Region: Entry Zone, Messy Zone In Dry Region: Active Zone (should include a protected corner), Quiet Zone (must include a protected corner).

6. Plan Activity Areas in the appropriate zone.

Carpet

Here are some suggestions:

Tile

Entry
Childrens Storage

Messy
Feeding

Active
Gross Motor: ramp, shallow steps, foam shapes, balls, mirrors, tunnel, pull-to-stand bars

Quiet
Nap Area

Staff Storage
Outdoors

Diapering Water Play (older infants)

Nursing Corner Cozy space: for quiet play (separate from Nap Area) soft toys, cozy surfaces, infant/ caregiver cuddle corners

Infant Room 8 Children

Entry

Parent Sign-In & Communication

2. Mark in the flow paths:

Draw the most direct routes between the entry and all other doors, water sources and storage closets.
Transition space (adult farewell chair or Glider) FingerPainting (older infants)

3. Circle the Protected Corners:

Reserve prime space for quiet or traffic-free activities. Protected corners should be as distant as possible from doors and flow-paths.

12

G28 Wall- mo unt ed Sh elf H3 0A Ut iity Car t l

J9 01 Glider

F6 32 Sh elf with Do ors [24 H]

J4
J4 23

Diapering Station

32

TL

J42 3 Ch r 1 0"

Chr 10"

A8 55 Half M oo n T ab le 4 8

Active Play

G28 Wall- mo unt ed Sh elf

Mealtime Area

G24 1 C han ging Ta ble 4" Pan

G24 2 Acce ssor ies Sh elf

G71 8 N urs ery Gym 1 w/R amp L

J42 3 Ch r 1 0" F 756 Post

F 75 6 Pos t

D12 0 Pu shca rt

F 71 1 Bu le tin Pa nel

P61 Push Me Pu llMe

F7 53 Post

F 621 Adj She lf 2 4" J901 Glid er

F 64 3 F ixed She l 4' x 24" f

24 ar 32 ar F 74 9 C le W e av
F 75 6 Po st

This space includes storage for items used in that area. The layout should communicate activities and boundaries.

7. Create a space for each area:

Entry
0 -4

-3
F7 54 Po st

2 e av W 28 C le
F 754 Post

F 835 T eac her Doo r

F 73 3 Solid Pan el F 72 3 Cle ar Pa nel

F 75 6 Pos t

F 839 Min i Arch Pane l

Entry Area
F8 35 Te h ac er D r oo

G25 5 D ewdr op Clear View Cr ib

11 F6 Ba

F7 56 Po st F7 F 33 73 3 So li S oli d P d a P ne an l el
J9 01

S by lf he

F 75 6 Po st

A727 Wall Pe gs with Pock ets 6 A727 Wall Pe gs with Pock ets 6

G lid e

F7 55 Po st
r

F 749 Clea r Wa ve 3 2- 40

F7 56 Po st F 759 Wall Ad apt er

Cozy Corner/ Protected Play

F7 19 Bulletin Pane l

G2 56 D ewdr op Evac C rib

F 675 Cor ne r 3 2"

Nap Area

F7 54 Po st G 256 Dewd ro p Eva c Crib

F6 78

Outdoors
F7 53 Po st G25 5 De wdro p Cl ear View Cr ib G25 5 De wdro p Cl ear View Cr ib

7 G
d Insi

" lf 24 S he

F7

F 728 Cle ar Wave 24- 32

53

ur

ry se

ym G

Tu

nn

el

J43 2 T LC

F Po 53 st

75

F7 53 Po st G2 55 Dewd rop Clea r View Crib G 255 Dewd ro p Clea r Vie w Crib
F 621 Adj She lf 24 "

w eS F6 74

ee p 2 4"

F7

53

t os

Swe ep

F 751

F7 53 Post
F8 43 Mir ror Cov er

G 255 Dewd ro p Clea r Vie w Crib

F7 78 Br owse r Bo x

Infants

13

Toddlers: A Quick Guide to Room Planning

O utdoors
O utdoors

messy zone
Tile

active zone
Carpet

Tile

Carpet

Wet Region
entry zone
Toddler Room 10 Children
Entry

Dry Region
quiet zone

Toddler Room 10 Children

Entry

1. Make a Room Plan:

Draw the room (to scale) on graph paper. Add: windows, doors, sinks, floor surfacing.

4. Divide into Wet & Dry Regions.

Wet Region: Identify using the 3F rule: flow, flooring and fixed plumbing. Dry Region: Should contain at least one protected corner, and can be carpeted.

5. Divide into Zones:

In Wet Region: Entry Zone, Messy Zone In Dry Region: Active Zone, Quiet Zone (use protected corners).
O utdoors

6. Plan Activity Areas in the appropriate zone.

Here are some suggestions:

Entry
Carpet Tile

Messy
Feeding

Active
Gross Motor: ramp, slide, shallow steps, foam shapes, balls, mirrors, tunnel, pull-to-stand bars, push-wagons, rocking toys, riding toys Dramatic Play: simple costumes, housekeeping furniture Music & Movement: open space, simple rhythm instruments, CD player

Quiet
Cozy Corner: books, Glider for caregiver, cushions and low soft seating, furry friends

Childrens Storage

Toddler Room 10 Children

Entry

2. Mark in the flow paths:

Draw the most direct routes between the entry and all other doors, water sources and storage closets.

Staff Storage

Diapering/ Toileting

Manipulatives: toys & games, small wooden blocks

3. Circle the Protected Corners:

Reserve prime space for quiet or traffic-free activities. Protected corners should be as distant as possible from doors and flow-paths.

Parent Sign-In & Communication

Sand & Water Play

Transition space (adult farewell chair or Glider)

Art: floor easels or tables

Nap Space: usually cots or mats are placed around the room

14

Toddlers
7. Create a space for each area:
This space includes storage for items used in that area. The layout should communicate activities and boundaries..
Ou td oo rs
F661 F ixed Sh elf [24H] F 844 M i ror Cover r Sink Cabinet T77 Sm F i e Tr uck r T7 3 Sm all Sem i T 74 Small Flatbe d

A74 2 Coathooks A627 La rge Sand & Water

Sto rag e

F 728 Clear Wave 24 -32

San d/Water Area Art Area

F 634 Shelf wi h D ors [32H] t o
A825 Roun d Table 3 6

F75 3 Po s t
C140 C adle r

0 J41

Low C i et ab n

rt Is lan d

Cor nwal Kit l

10 J4

C231 T able

H5 00 Min iA

P61 PushMePullMe

J41 0

D120 Pushcart

F 754 Post
ge rid

G28 Wall-mo unted Shelf

8 J40

St ack d Cots (M16 ' ) e s

J4 08

Pa ne

Dra matic Pla y Are a

H559 Peg T ree

le ar

G2 61 Chng T bl w ps 4" Pan e /ste

G750 Nurser y Gy 5 m

D ia peri ng
8 J40
0 J4 8

F 836 Roomsca pes Gate

72 7

S to ve

F754 Post

J408

A821 Roun d Table 48 F75 4 Po s t

J4 08

A723 Welcome Cu bbies 6 711 Bule ti Pan el F l n A723 Welcome C bbies 6 u

2 -3 24

Toil etin g
F 756 Post

V4 3 R cki g Boat o n

Gro ss Motor Area

F 621 Adj Shelf 2 4"

T17 Lo wKiddie Car

W ar le

TLC

J408

e av

J4 32

28

F7

F7 53 Po s t F 643 Fixed Shelf 4' x 24 "

F 713 Bulletin Pa nel F 778 Browser Box

F75 6 Po s t

Me al ti me Are a
J410
0 J41
J900 Glider

F794 Is d 24" lan

T72 Small Dump T ruck

eep 24" st Po 53 1 F7 75

F753 Post
Sw side 8 In F67
Po st

J4

A821 R nd Tab le448 ou 10 J

24" eep

Man ip ula tive s

10

F 67 8 In side

En try Are a

Sw

Co zy C orn er
F775 L i rary Rack b

F 751
F 621 Adj Shelf 24"

F7 53 Po s t

F753 Post J651 Child's Sofa, blue

J8 00

B 20 J9

ch en

En try

5 F7

r de Gli

J22 We-Do-It Bench

J410

15

Bibliography
Cryer, Debby & Harms, Thelma & Riley, Cathy. All About the ITERS-R. Kaplan PACT House Publishing 2004 Greenman, Jim. Caring Spaces, Learning Places: Children's Environments That Work, Exchange Press, Inc. 2005 Greenman, Jim & Stonehouse, Anne & Schweikert, Gigi. Prime Times, Redleaf Press 2008 Koralek, Derry G. & Dombro, Amy Laura & Dodge, Diane Trister. Caring for Infants & Toddlers, Teaching Strategies, Inc. 2005 Lally, J. Ronald & Stewart, Jay. Infant/Toddler Caregiving: A Guide to Setting up Environments, California Department of Education 1990 Lally, J. Ronald & Butterfield, G.O. & Mangione Peter. L. & Signer, Sheila. Space to Grow: Creating A Child Care Environment for Infants and Toddlers, (video, 2nd ed.) CA Dept. of Education & WestEd, 2004 Mangione, Peter L. & Lally, J. Ronald & Signer, Sheila. The Ages of Infancy: Caring for Young, Mobile and Older Infants, California Department of Education 1990 Mangione, Peter L. & Lally, J. Ronald & Signer, Sheila. Meeting the Intimacy Needs of Infants and Toddlers in Groups, Far West Laboratory 1992 National Research Council Institute of Medicine (2000) From Neurons to Neighborhoods, The Science of Early Childhood Development, Committee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development. Jack P. Shonkoff & Deborah A. Phillips, eds. Olds, Anita Rui. Child Care Design Guide, McGraw-Hill 2000 Schor, E.L. Early Brain Development and Child Care, in Health in Child Care: A Manual for Health Professionals (4th Edition), American Academy of Pediatrics, 2005

We thank WestEd's Program for Infant/Toddler Care (PITC)

for their research contribution. They have developed the most widely used training system for infant and toddler caregivers in the United States, and their team is at the forefront of national efforts to improve infant/ toddler care. We depended on the PITC staff for much of the information in this booklet, and much more is available on their website: www.pitc.org.

We thank these quality early childhood vendors

for some of the props in our photo images: The Book Vine for Children www.BookVine.com classic children's books Folkmanis Puppets www.Folkmanis.com quality hand puppets Learning Materials Workshop www.LearningMaterialsWork.com colored arches and towers

We thank the children and staff of the Childrens Learning

Center in Kingston NY, especially Michele Conklin, for their time, patience and charm as the cameras flashed. The children were great models because they simply showed up and played!

16

Prime Times
Achieve quality care and education in your infant or toddler program with this practical guidea sourcebook for establishing, organizing, and maintaining a quality program. This edition includes topics such as developmental issues; infants and toddlers with special needs; staffing and staff training; creating learning and nurturing environments; establishing routines; discipline; health, nutrition, and safety policies; curriculum; partnering with parents; assessment; and program evaluation.
By: Jim Greenman, Anne Stonehouse, Gigi Schweikert. Redleaf Press, 2008.

Caring for Infants & Toddlers in Groups

Caring for Infants and Toddlers in Groups is

designed to help caregivers, program directors, coordinators, administrators, trainers, licensers, families, and leaders in the field of early care and education recognize the special knowledge and skills needed to offer a nurturing group care environment to very young children.
By: J. Ronald Lally, Abbey Griffin, Emily Fenichel, Marilyn Segal, Eleanor Szanton, Bernice Weissbourd. Zero to Three Press, 2004.

Community Playthings catalog

Community Playthings makes solid maple furniture and toys designed for childcare settings. We create environments that welcome children into a space of beauty, simplicity, and stability, where they can explore, discover and learn through play. For a free catalog, call 800-777-4244, or visit www.CommunityPlaythings.com

Spaces
Room Layout for Early Childhood Education The companion volume to the booklet youre reading, Spaces is the room design handbook for 3 to 5-year-old environments. This 16-page booklet walks you through 6 easy steps to create a quality classroom. Available free from Community Playthings: call 800-777-4244, or visit www.CommunityPlaythings.com

Collage,
our quarterly e-mail newsletter, provides valuable articles on timely subjects for busy early childhood educators. Each issue includes 3 hand-picked articles on a single topic such as:

This publication 2008 by Community Products, LLC. 05/08

Block Play Celebrating Culture in the Classroom Infant/Toddler Care

Working on a Start-up or Renova

tion?

Collage can be a valuable staff development tool for your program. We include the theory behind each topic, practical applications and lots of links to resources you wont want to miss. Best of all, its free. Visit www.CommunityPlaythings.com to subscribe.

service. Our Give us a call about our free room planning lopmentally planners can work with you to design deve curriculum. appropriate classrooms that match your

For other free resources: 1-800-777-4244 www.CommunityPlaythings.com

Community Playthings has brought to life the eight major concepts PITC recommends be considered when planning environments for children under three. They suggest thoughtful designs that meet the young child's need for intimate care, foster relationships with adults and other children, and support development.
J. Ronald Lally, Ed.D.
Co-director, Program for Infant Toddler Care, WestEd

We thank the children and staff of the Childrens Learning Center, (Kingston NY) for sharing their photogenic talent and beautiful center in the pages of this booklet.