DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA PHCG807: Advanced Chromatographic Techniques Examination Section

A: Multiple choice questions (Answer all questions)USE THE ANSWER SHEET PROVIDED Time Allocated : 40 minutes 1. Chromatography is used to: a) Separate two or more compounds based on their polarities. b) Separate two or more compounds based on their masses. c) Separate two or more compounds based on how strongly they interact with other compounds. d) More than one of the above. e) None of the Above 2. Chromatography basically involves the a) separation of mixtures b) Separation is due to differences in the distribution between of components c) between 2 different phases. d) Uses mobile phase and stationary phase. e) All of the Above 3. The following is true of chromatography a) Chromatography may be used for the separation and identification of components of a mixture. b) Chromatography is not suitable for the separation of plant extracts c) Is not useful for a small amount of material d) Is not useful for closely related components e) All of the above 4. The following is a method of isolation of Natural product constituents except.. a) Sublimation b) Distillation c) Fractional liberation d) Fractional crystallization e) Synthesis 2. In Normal phase chromatography the stationary phase is a) Polar b) Non polar c) Ionic d) Activated alumina e) All of the above 3. Liquid chromatography may involves a) a column packed with solid particles b) Liquid which may or may not be coated with another liquid. c) Use of proper solid mobile phase and a liquid stationary phase

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d) All of the Above e) None of the Above in Liquid/Liquid Chromatography a) The stationary solid surface is a liquid coated on a carrier solid b) Separation occurs between 2 immiscible solvents c) Partitioning coeffiecient differences between samples is responsible for separation. d) All of the Above e) None of the Above The following is also known as Size exclusion Chromatography a) Liquid/Solid Chromatography b) Liquid/Liquid Chromatography c) Ion Exchange Chromatography d) Gel Permeation Chromatography e) Electrophoresis the following is false about Adsorption chromatography a) A liquid is involved in separation of components of mixtures b) Consists a hollow glass column, c) Stationary phase consists of packed solids d) All of the Above e) None of the above Which of the following is not correct for HPLC? a) Requires elevated pressures b) Only fast moving samples can be analyzed c) It is cheap d) Does not require skill labour e) Is reliable for all classes of samples Which of the following is best for separation of volatile mixtures? a) PC b) GLC c) TLC d) IE e) SDS-PAGE Which of the following can not be chromatographed by HPLC? a) Essential oils b) Ionic compounds c) Alkaloids d) All of the above e) None of the above

10. Partition chromatography is generally applied to one of the following compounds. a) Sterile b) Polar c) Semi-sterile d) None-polar e) None of the above

11. Nucleic acids are best separated using one of the following chromatographic techniques a) Adsorption b) Partition c) Ion exchange d) Gel permeation e) Reversed phase 12. Which one of the following would you use to separate sand from iron filings? a) distillation apparatus b) chromatography paper c) a bar magnet d) filter paper e) All of the above 13. Oil and water may be separated by using a) chromatography paper b) a separating funnel c) a Liebig condenser d) a filter funnel e) All of the above 14. Which one of the following is NOT an example of a separation technique? a) fishing net b) tea strainer c) boiling an egg d) surgical mask e) all of the above 15. The most commonly used detector in HPLC is: a) Refractive index b) Ultra violet c) Fluorescence d) Wire transport e) Thermocouple 16. Which of the following is not a HPLC equipments? a) Filter b) Reservoir c) Pump d) Thermostat e) Reactor 17. GLC is an example of chromatography. a) Adsorption b) Partition c) Elution d) Exclusion e) Ion exchange 18. Adsorbents are activated by heating because the process:

a) Reduces particle size b) Increases moisture content c) Increases surface area d) d. Reduces moisture content e) Reduces surface uniformity 19. Kieselghur is a/an adsorbent a) Acidic b) Basic c) Neutral d) (a) and (b) e) (b) and (c) 20. Which of the following statement is not correct chromatography can be used for: a) Dissolution of mixture b) Isolation of compounds c) Identification of component d) Monitoring the chemical changes e) Crystallization 21. When stationary phase is a solid and other form of the matter is mobile phase, the separation is by: a) Partition b) Adsorption c) Molecular size d) Colour of the compound e) All of the above 22. Separation in paper chromatography is based on: a) Ion exchange b) Adsorption c) Partition d) (a) and (b) e) (a), (b) and (c) 23. Which of the following chromatographic separation principally depends on Charged groups of the compounds a) Electrophoresis b) Isoelectric focusing c) Ion Exchange d) All of the above e) None of the above 24. Which of the following statement is correct for gel filtration chromatography? a) It is not a form of column chromatograph b) It involves separation of ionic compounds c) It does not depend on the shape of the molecule d) The bigger molecule move through the column faster than the smaller ones. e) The gel particles do not have pores

25. The following compound can be isolated by sublimation may be achieved by the following. a) Caffeine b) Caffergot c) Ergot d) Ergotamine e) All of the Above 26. The least mobile phases in chromatography are . a) Hydrocarbons b) Petroleum products c) Organic solvents d) All of the above e) None of the above 27. Which of the following is the least polar solvent used as mobile phase a) Methanol b) Ethanol c) Chloroform d) Water e) Hexane 28. Affinity chromatography is a method that can be used to purify cell-surface receptors, while they retain their hormone-binding ability. A ligand (hormone) for a receptor of interest is chemically linked to polystyrene beads. A solubilized preparation of membrane proteins is passed over a column containing these beads. Only the receptor binds to the beads. This method of affinity chromatography would be expected to collect which of the following? a) molecules of the hormone b). molecules of the purified receptor c). G proteins d). assorted membrane proteins e). hormone-receptor complexes 29. The following is not an example of liquid chromatography a) GLC b) GSC c) PLC d) SFC e) LSC 30. HPLC colums are usually havingdiameters a) 3 to 5 cm b) 10 to 30 cm c) 3 to 5 mm d) 1 to 3 m e) 10 to 39 mm 31. the following parameter is important in HPLC separation a) Electricity b) Separation Matrix

c) Air Effect d) Atmospheric effect e) More than one of the Above 32. In reversed-phase HPLC: a) a hydrophilic stationary phase is combined with a non-polar mobile phase. b) hydrophobic stationary phase is combined with a non-polar mobile phase. c) a hydrophilic stationary phase is combined with a polar mobile phase. d) a hydrophobic stationary phase is combined with a polar mobile phase e) More than one of the above 33. The use of buffers is especially important and is routinely used in which of the following techniques? a) Electrophoresis b) HPLC c) GC-MS d) SEC e) More than one of the Above 34. Which statement is incorrect about the SDS-PAGE technique? a) It is used to separate proteins. b) Separations are run on gel-covered plates. c) It is a type of gas chromatographic method of separation. d) Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used to denature the samples being separated. e) More than One of the Above 35. Which of the following is commonly used as the mobile phase in GC? a) N b) He c) HCN d) H2O e) More than one of the above 36. One (1) pg is equal to: a) 1 10-3 g b) 1 103 g c) 1 10-9 g d) 1 10-12 g e) 1 1012 g 37. Tomatoes contain lycopene (max = 444, 470 and 502 nm) and -carotene (max = 442 and 472 nm). Which technique could be used for the analysis of lycopene and -carotene in tomatoes, after suitable sample preparation? 38. HPLC with UV-VIS detection. a) HPLC with UV detection. b) GC with UV detection-visible detection c) Electrophoresis d) SDS-PAGE with UV-detection e) All of the above 39. the following detector is very sensitive for the identification of halogenated compounds a) Ultraviolet detector

b) Electron Capture detector c) Mass spectrophotometer-detector d) Atomic emission detector e) Thermal conductivity 40. By adding SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) during the electrophoresis of proteins, it is possible to: a) determine a proteins iso electric point. b) determine an enzymes specific activity. c) determine the amino acid composition of the protein. d) preserve a proteins native structure and biological activity. e) separate proteins exclusively on the basis of molecular weight. 41. Western blot is used for the studies of expression of.. a) Amino acids only b) Proteins only c) Protein and amino acids d) Nucleic Acids only e) Nucleic acids and Protein 42. Nucleic acid can be separated on.. a) Silica gel Chromatography b) SDS-PAGE c) Agarose Gels d) Polythelene Gels e) All of the above

DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT MCQ ANSWER SHEET

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Answer all questions 1. a. Briefly explain the process of separation using Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) b. I extracted mango juice from a mango tree in Area A, I found that the extract contains a mixture of very polar compounds, our laboratory has developed four solvent system for our chromatographic separation. If you are to make a choice of system for this extract what will be your decision? (your answer should be an explicit suitable or unsuitable i) Butanol: acetic acid: water (4:1:2) ii) N-Hexane: chloroform (1:1) iii) Methanol: water (1:1) iv) Petroleum ether: chloroform (1:1) 1. a. give full meaning of the acronym SDS-PAGE? b). Can this method be used for separating (a) protein (b) alkaloids (c) flavonoids (d) peptides. (Your answer should be an explicit yes or No. 2. a. Which type of column has the greater efficiency and resolution in GC is it packed or capillary? . Explain your choice ,very briefly. I extracted mango juice from a mango tree in Area A, I found that the extract contains a mixture of very polar compounds, our laboratory has developed four solvent system for our chromatographic separation. If you are to make a choice of system for this extract what will be your decision? (your answer should be an explicit suitable or unsuitable v) Butanol: acetic acid: water (4:1:2) vi) N-Hexane: chloroform (1:1) vii) Methanol: water (1:1) viii) Petroleum ether: chloroform (1:1) b. Briefly explain the general principles of Partition chromatography 4. Write on the process of High performance liquid chromatography