Você está na página 1de 17

Page 1 of 17

Artificial Intelligence

Adithya.C
(mailboxofadithya@yahoo.com)

Vamshi Krishna.T
(mr.vamshikrishna.t@gmail.com)

Page 2 of 17

ORGANIZATION OF MATERIAL


y ,QWHOOLJHQFH y $UWLILFLDO,QWHOOLJHQFH:KDWLVLW" y $%ULHI+LVWRU\ y +XPDQ,QWHOOLJHQFHYV$UWLILFLDO,QWHOOLJHQFH y 3UREOHPVIDFHGE\$UWLILFLDO,QWHOOLJHQFH y $SSOLFDWLRQVLQ6HYHUDO)LHOGV y 0DMRU$FKLHYHPHQWVRI$, y 0LOLWDU\$SSOLFDWLRQV y 6WDWHRIWKH$UW7HFKQRORJLHV

Page 3 of 17

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE & MILITARY APPLICATIONS

Synopsis
Artificial Intelligence explores and investigates various kinds of intelligent behaviour by attempting to create it in the artificial. such as problem solving, learning, natural language understanding, deduction, etc. the research vehicle is (experimenting medium) is computer We can also define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents," where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions which maximize its chances of success. John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956, defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines." Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the key technology in many of today's novel applications, ranging from banking systems that detect attempted credit card fraud, to telephone systems that understand speech, to software systems that notice when you're having problems and offer appropriate advice. These technologies would not exist today without the sustained federal support of fu ndamental AI research over the past three decades. AI does not produce stand -alone systems, but instead adds knowledge and reasoning to existing applications, databases, and environments, to make them friendlier, smarter, and more sensitive to user behavio r and changes in their environments. Technology has always been essential to military strength, but breakthroughs developed within the military often are not limited to weapons. The military and the science of computers has always been incredibly closely tied - the early development of computing was virtually exclusively limited to military purposes. Famous names in AI, such as Alan Turing, were scientists that were heavily involved in the military. As computing power increased and pragmatic programming l anguages were developed, more complicated algorithms and simulations could be realized. For instance, computers were soon utilized to simulate nuclear escalations and wars or how arms races would be affected by various parameters. The simulations grew powe rful enough that the results of many of these 'wargames' became classified material . Nowadays, developers seem to be concentrating on smaller goals, such as voice recogition systems, expert systems and advisory systems. The main military value of such proj ects is to reduce the workload on a pilot. Modern pilots work in incredibly complex electronic environments - receiving information not only from their own radar, but from many others (principle behind J -STARS). Not only is the information load high, the multi-role aircraft of the 21st century have highly complex avionics, navigation, communications and weapon systems and must be organized in a highly accessible way. Through voice -recognition, systems could be checked, modified and altered without the pilot looking down into the cockpit. Expert/advisory systems could predict what the pilot would want in a given scenario and decrease the complexity of a given task automatically.

Page 4 of 17

LITERATURE SURVEY BOOKS


y $UWLILFLDO,QWHOOLJHQFH9HU&6(,,7.KDUDJSXU y $UWLILFLDO,QWHOOLJHQFH$0RGHUQ$SSURDFK5XVVHOO 1RUYLJ ARTICLES y :KRGR\RXWUXVWPRUH*,-RHRU$,-RH"E\*HRUJH-RKQVRQ7KH1HZ<RUN7LPHV  y 7KHQH[W QHZ IURQWLHURI$,0LOLWDU\ $HURVSDFH(OHFWURQLFV y 1HZPRGHODUP\VROGLHUUROOVFORVHUWREDWWOHE\7LP:HLQHU7KH1HZ<RUN7LPHV WEB SITES
    

ZZZZLNLSHGLDRUJ ZZZDLFRPs ZZZDDDLRUJ ZZZVFLHQFHFODULILHGFRP ZZZWLPHFRP 

TECHNICAL WRITING
$UWLILFLDO ,QWHOOLJHQFH LV FRQFHUQHG ZLWK WKH GHVLJQ RI LQWHOOLJHQFH LQ DQ DUWLILFLDO GHYLFH 7KH WHUP ZDV FRLQHG E\ 0F&DUWK\ LQ  (YHQ WKRXJK ZH GRQ
W \HW XQGHUVWDQG KRZ EUDLQV SHUIRUP PDQ\

Page 5 of 17

PHQWDOVNLOOVZHFDQVWLOOZRUNWRZDUGPDNLQJPDFKLQHVWKDWGRWKHVDPHRUVLPLODUWKLQJV
$UWLILFLDO LQWHOOLJHQFH
LVVLPSO\WKHQDPHZHJLYHWRWKDWUHVHDUFK  %\WKHHDUO\
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y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y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y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

Page 6 of 17

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category> <pattern>WHAT IS YOUR NAME</pattern> <template>My name is John.</template> </category> $SDWWHUQLVDVWULQJRI FKDUDFWHUVLQWHQGHGWRPDWFKRQHRUPRUHXVHULQSXWV$OLWHUDOSDWWHUQ OLNH :+$7,6<2851$0(  ZLOOPDWFKRQO\RQHLQSXWLJQRULQJFDVHZKDWLV\RXUQDPH%XWSDWWHUQVPD\DOVRFRQWDLQZLOGFDUGV ZKLFKPDWFKRQHRUPRUHZRUGV$SDWWHUQOLNH  :+$7,6<285  ZLOOPDWFKDQLQILQLWHQXPEHURILQSXWVLQFOXGLQJZKDWLV\RXUQDPHZKDWLV\RXUVKRHVL]HZKDW LV\RXUSXUSRVHLQOLIHHWF  7KH $,0/ SDWWHUQ V\QWD[ LV D YHU\ VLPSOH SDWWHUQ ODQJXDJH IDU OHVV FRPSOLFDWHG WKDQ UHJXODU H[SUHVVLRQV,WWHQGVWRVXIILFHIRUPRVWFKDWRULHQWHGSXUSRVHVDQGZKHUHLWODFNV$,0/LQWHUSUHWHUV FDQSURYLGHSUHSURFHVVLQJIXQFWLRQVWRH[SDQGDEEUHYLDWLRQVUHPRYHPLVVSHOOLQJVHWF   $6LPSOH$,0/SURJUDP  <category> <pattern>WHAT IS YOUR NAME</pattern> <template>My name is <bot name="name"/>.</template> </category> <category> <pattern>WHAT ARE YOU CALLED</pattern> <template> <srai>what is your name</srai> </template> </category> 7KHPLOLWDU\DQGWKHVFLHQFHRIFRPSXWHUVKDVDOZD\VEHHQ LQFUHGLEO\FORVHO\WLHG LQIDFWWKH HDUO\ GHYHORSPHQW RI FRPSXWLQJ ZDV YLUWXDOO\ H[FOXVLYHO\ OLPLWHG WR PLOLWDU\ SXUSRVHV 7KH YHU\ ILUVW RSHUDWLRQDOXVHRIDFRPSXWHUZDVWKHJXQGLUHFWRUXVHGLQWKHVHFRQGZRUOGZDUWRDLGJURXQGJXQQHUV WR SUHGLFW WKH SDWK RI D SODQH JLYHQ LWV UDGDU GDWD )DPRXV QDPHV LQ $, VXFK DV $ODQ 7XULQJ ZHUH VFLHQWLVWV WKDW ZHUH KHDYLO\ LQYROYHG LQ WKH PLOLWDU\ 7XULQJ UHFRJQL]HG DV RQH RI IRXQGHUV RI ERWK

 7KH;0/GLDOHFWFDOOHG$,0/ZDVGHYHORSHGE\5LFKDUG:DOODFHDQGDZRUOGZLGHIUHH VRIWZDUH

Page 7 of 17

FRQWHPSRUDU\ FRPSXWHU VFLHQFH DQG DUWLILFLDO LQWHOOLJHQFH ZDV WKH VFLHQWLVW ZKR EURNH WKH *HUPDQ
V (QLJPDFRGHWKURXJKWKHXVHRIFRPSXWHUV  $VLGHIURPUHVHDUFKLQWKLVDUHDYDULRXVSDUDGLJPVLQ$,KDYHEHHQVXFFHVVIXOO\DSSOLHGLQWKH PLOLWDU\ILHOG)RUH[DPSOHXVLQJDQ($ HYROXWLRQDU\DOJRULWKP WRHYROYHDOJRULWKP VWRGHWHFWWDUJHWV JLYHQUDGDU)/,5GDWDRUQHXUDOQHWZRUNVGLIIHUHQWLDWLQJEHWZHHQPLQHVDQGURFNVJLYHQVRQDUGDWDLQ DVXEPDULQH  7KHDSSOLFDWLRQVRI$,LQWKHPLOLWDU\DUHZLGHDQGYDULHG\HWGXHWRWKHUREXVWQHVVUHOLDELOLW\ DQGGXUDELOLW\UHTXLUHGIRUPRVWPLOLWDU\SURJUDPVDQGKDUGZDUH$,LVQRW\HWDQLQWUHJUDOSDUWRIWKH EDWWOHILHOG$VWHFKQLTXHVDUHUHILQHGDQGLPSURYHGPRUHDQGPRUH$,DSSOLFDWLRQVZLOOILOWHULQWRWKH ZDUVFHQHDIWHUDOOVLOLFRQLVFKHDSHUWKDQDKXPDQOLIH  (YHQ DV $, WHFKQRORJ\ EHFRPHV LQWHJUDWHG LQWR WKH IDEULF RI HYHU\GD\ OLIH $, UHVHDUFKHUV UHPDLQIRFXVHGRQWKHJUDQGFKDOOHQJHVRIDXWRPDWLQJLQWHOOLJHQFH:RUNLVSURJUHVVLQJRQGHYHORSLQJ V\VWHPV WKDW FRQYHUVH LQ QDWXUDO ODQJXDJH WKDW SHUFHLYH DQG UHVSRQG WR WKHLU VXUURXQGLQJV DQG WKDW HQFRGHDQGSURYLGHXVHIXODFFHVVWRDOORIKXPDQNQRZOHGJHDQGH[SHUWLVH7KHSXUVXLWRIWKHXOWLPDWH JRDOV RI $,  WKH GHVLJQ RI LQWHOOLJHQW DUWLIDFWV XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI KXPDQ LQWHOOLJHQFH DEVWUDFW XQGHUVWDQGLQJRILQWHOOLJHQ FH SRVVLEO\VXSHUKXPDQ FRQWLQXHVWRKDYHSUDFWLFDOFRQVHTXHQFHVLQWKH IRUPRIQHZLQGXVWULHVHQKDQFHGIXQFWLRQDOLW\IRUH[LVWLQJV\VWHPVLQFUHDVHGSURGXFWLYLW\LQJHQHUDO DQGLPSURYHPHQWVLQWKHTXDOLW\RIOLIH%XWWKHXOWLPDWHSURPLVHVRI$,DUH VWLOOGHFDGHVDZD\DQGWKH QHFHVVDU\DGYDQFHVLQNQRZOHGJHDQGWHFKQRORJ\ZLOOUHTXLUHDVXVWDLQHGIXQGDPHQWDOUHVHDUFKHIIRUW     

INTELLIGENCE
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

Page 8 of 17

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

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, WHAT IS IT ?


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

Page 9 of 17

        

A BRIEF HISTORY
  0HFKDQLFDO RU IRUPDO UHDVRQLQJ KDV EHHQ GHYHORSHG  E\ SKLORVRSKHUV DQG PDWKHPDWLFLDQV VLQFH DQWLTXLW\7KH VWXG\ RIORJLFOHGGLUHFWO\WRWKHLQYHQWLRQRIWKHSURJUDPPDEOHGLJLWDO HOHFWURQLF FRPSXWHUEDVHGRQWKHZRUNRIPDWKHPDWLFLDQ$ODQ7XULQJDQGRWKHUV7XULQJ
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
DUWLILFLDOLQWHOOLJHQFH
ZL OO VXEVWDQWLDOO\EHVROYHG  $,
VOHDGHUVKDGIDLOHGWRUHFRJQL]HWKHGLIILFXOW\RIVRPH RIWKHSUREOHPVWKH\IDFHG,QLQ UHVSRQVHWRWKHFULWLFLVPRI(QJODQG
V6LU-DPHV/LJKWKLOODQGRQJRLQJSUHVVXUHIURP&RQJUHVVWRIXQG PRUHSURGXFWLYHSURMHFWVWKH86DQG%ULWLVKJRYHUQPHQWVFXWRIIDOOXQGLUHFWHGH[SORUDWRU\UHVHDUFK LQ $, 7KH QH[W IHZ \HDUV ZKHQ IXQGLQJ IRU SURMHFWV ZDV KDUG WR ILQG ZRXOG ODW HU EH FDOOHG DQ $, ZLQWHU  ,QWKHHDUO\V$,UHVHDUFKZDVUHYLYHGE\WKHFRPPHUFLDOVXFFHVVRIH[SHUWV\VWHPVDIRUP RI $, SURJUDP WKDW VLPXODWHG WKH NQRZOHGJH DQG DQDO\WLFDO VNLOOV RI RQH RU PRUH KXPDQ H[SHUWV %\ WKH PDUNHWIRU$,KDG UHDFKHGRYHU D ELOOLRQGROODUV $WWKH VDPHWLPH -DSDQ
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
V ODZ  D JUHDWHU HPSKDVLV RQ  VROYLQJ VSHFLILF VXESUREOHPV WKH FUHDWLRQ RI QHZ WLHV EHWZHHQ $, DQG RWKHU ILHOGV ZRUNLQJ RQ VLPLODU SUREOHPV DQG DERYH DOO D QHZ FRPPLWPHQWE\UHVHDUFKHUVWRVROLGPDWKHPDWLFDOPHWKRGVDQGULJRURXVVFLHQWLILFVWDQGDUGV     

Page 10 of 17

HUMAN INTELLIGENCE VS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE


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ns.  7KLVEULQJVXVEDFNWRWKHTXHVWLRQRI ZKDW FRQVWLWXWHVLQWHOOLJHQWEHKDYLRXU6RPH RIWKHVHWDVNV DQGDSSOLFDWLRQVDUH   3HUFHSWLRQLQYROYLQJLPDJHUHFRJQLWLRQDQGFRPSXW HUYLVLRQ  5HDVRQLQJ  /HDUQLQJ  8QGHUVWDQGLQJODQJXDJHLQYROYLQJQDWXUDOODQJXDJHSURFHVVLQJVSHHFKSURFHVVLQJ   6ROYLQJSUREOHPV  5RERWLFV   

PROBLEMS FACED BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE


7KH SUREOHP RI VLPXODWLQJ RU FUHDWLQJ  LQWHOOLJHQFH KD V EHHQ EURNHQ GRZQ LQWR D QXPEHU RI VSHFLILF VXESUREOHPV7KHVH FRQVLVWRISDUWLFXODUWUDLWV RUFDSDELOLWLHVWKDW UHVHDUFKHUV ZRXOG OLNH DQ LQWHOOLJHQWV\VWHPWRGLVSOD\7KHWUDLWVGHVFULEHGEHORZKDYH UHFHLYHGWKHPRVWDWWHQWLRQ   'HGXFWLRQUHDVRQLQJSUREOHPVROYLQJ

Page 11 of 17

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

Page 12 of 17

SURFHVVLQJ V\VWHP ZRXOG EH DEOH WR DFTXLUH NQRZOHGJH RQ LWV RZQ E\ UHDGLQJ WKH H[LVWLQJ WH[W DYDLODEOHRYHUWKHLQWHUQHW6RPH VWUDLJKWIRUZDUG DSSOLFDWLRQVRI QDWXUDOODQJXDJH SURFHVVLQJ LQFOXGH LQIRUPDWLRQUHWULHYDO RUWH[WPLQLQJ DQGPDFKLQHWUDQVODWLRQ    3HUFHSWLRQ 0DFKLQHSHUFHSWLRQLVWKHDELOLW\WRXVHLQSXWIURPVHQVRUV VXFKDVFDPHUDV PLFURSKRQHVVRQDU DQGRWKHUVPRUHH[RWLF WRGHGXFHDVSHFWVRIWKHZRUOG&RPSXWHUYLVLRQLVWKHDELOLW\WRDQDO\]HYLVXDO LQSXW$IHZVHOHFWHGVXESUREOHPVDUHVSHHFKUHFRJQLWLRQIDFLDOUHFRJQLWLRQDQGREMHFWUHFRJQLWLRQ    6RFLDOLQWHOOLJHQFH .LVPHWDURERWZLWKUXGLPHQWDU\VRFLDOVNLOOV (PRWLRQDQGVRFLDOVNLOOVSOD\WZRUROHVIRUDQLQWHOOLJHQWDJHQW)LUVWLWPXVWEHDEOHWRSUHGLFW WKHDFWLRQVRIRWKHUVE\XQGHUVWDQGLQJWKHLUPRWLYHVDQGHPRWLRQDOVWDWHV 7KLVLQYROYHVHOHPHQWVRI JDPHWKHRU\GHFLVLRQWKHRU\DVZHOODVWKHDELOLW\WRPRGHOKXPDQHPRWLRQVDQGWKHSHUFHSWXDOVNLOOV WRGHWHFW HPRWLRQV $OVRIRUJRRG KXPDQ FRPSXWHULQWHUDFWLRQDQLQWHOOLJHQW PDFKLQH DOVRQHHGVWR GLVSOD\HPRWLRQV$WWKHYHU\OHDVWLWPXVWDSSHDUSROLWHDQGVHQVL WLYHWRWKHKXPDQVLWLQWHUDFWVZLWK$W EHVWLWVKRXOGKDYHQRUPDOHPRWLRQVLWVHOI    *HQHUDOLQWHOOLJHQFH 0RVWUHVHDUFKHUVKRSHWKDWWKHLUZRUNZLOOHYHQWXDOO\EHLQFRUSRUDWHGLQWRDPDFKLQHZLWKJHQHUDO LQWHOOLJHQFH NQRZQDVVWURQJ$, FRPELQLQJDOOW KHVNLOOVDERYHDQGH[FHHGLQJKXPDQDELOLWLHVDWPRVW RUDOORIWKHP$IHZEHOLHYHWKDWDQWKURSRPRUSKLFIHDWXUHVOLNHDUWLILFLDOFRQVFLRXVQHVVRUDQDUWLILFLDO EUDLQPD\EHUHTXLUHGIRUVXFKDSURMHFW  0DQ\ RI WKH SUREOHPV DERYH DUH FRQVLGHUHG $,FRPSOHWH WR VROYH RQH SUREOHP \RX PXVW VROYH WKHP DOO)RU H[DPSOH HYHQ D VWUDLJKWIRUZDUG VSHFLILFWDVNOLNH PDFKLQHWUDQVODWLRQUHTXLUHVWKDWWKH PDFKLQH IROORZ WKH DXWKRU
V DUJXPHQW UHDVRQ  NQRZ ZKDW LV EHLQJ WDONHG DERXW NQRZOHGJH  DQG IDLWKIXOO\UHSURGXFHWKHDXWKRU
VLQWHQWLRQ VRFLDOLQWHOOLJHQFH   

APPLICATIONS IN SEVERAL FIELDS


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

Page 13 of 17

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

Page 14 of 17

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

MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS OF A.I.


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
V 0DUV URYHUV VXFFHVVIXOO\ FRPSOHWHG WKHLU SULPDU\ WKUHHPRQWK PLVVLRQV LQ $SULO  7KH 6SLULW URYHU KDG EHHQ H[SORULQJ D UDQJH RI 0DUWLDQ KLOOV WKDW  WRRN WZR PRQWKV WR UHDFK ,W LV ILQGLQJ FXULRXVO\ HURGHG URFNV WKDW PD\ EH QHZ SLHFHV WR WKH SX]]OH RI WKH UHJLRQ
V SDVW 6SLULW
V WZLQ 2SSRUWXQLW\KDGEHHQH[DPLQLQJH[SRVHGURFNOD\HUVLQVLGHDFUDWHU   ,QWHUQHWDJHQWV 7KHH[SORVLYHJURZWKRIWKHLQWHUQHWKDVDOVROHGWRJURZLQJLQWHUHVWLQLQWHUQHWDJHQWVWR  0RQLWRU  $6,02 ,W LV D KXPDQRLG URERW FUHDWHG E\ +RQGD 6WDQGLQJ DW  FHQWLPHWHUV  IHHW  LQFKHV  DQG ZHLJKLQJ NLORJUDPV SRXQGV WKHURERWUHVHPEOHV D VPDOO DVWURQDXW ZHDULQJ  DEDFNSDFN DQG FDQZDONRUUXQRQWZRIHHWDWVSHHGVXSWRNPK PSK PDWFKLQJ(0,(:$6,02ZDVFUHDWHG DW+RQGD
V5HVHDUFK 'HYHORSPHQW:DNR)XQGDPHQWDO7HFKQLFDO5HVHDUFK&HQWHULQ-DSDQ,WLVWKH FXUUHQWPRGHOLQDOLQHRIHOHYHQWKDWEHJDQLQ ZLWK( 2IILFLDOO\WKHQDPHLVDQDFURQ\PIRU$GYDQFHG6WHSLQ,QQRYDWLYH02ELOLW\+RQGD
VRIILFLDO VWDWHPHQWVFODLPWKDWWKHURERW
VQDPHLVQRW DUHIHUHQFHWR VFLHQFHILFWLRQ ZULWHU DQGLQYHQWRURIWKH 7KUHH/DZVRI5RERWLFV,VDDF$VLPRY 

Page 15 of 17

MILITARY APPLICATIONS
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
V (QLJPDFRGHWKURXJKWKHXVHRIFRPSXWHUV   $V FRPSXWLQJ SRZHU LQFUHDVHG DQG SUDJPDWLF SURJUDPPLQJ ODQJXDJHV ZHUH GHYHORSHG PRUH FRPSOLFDWHGDOJRULWKPVDQGVLPXODWLRQVFRXOGEHUHDOL]HG)RULQVWDQFHFRPSXWHUVZHUHVRRQXWLOL]HG WRVLPXODWHQXFOHDUHVFDODWLRQVDQGZDUVRUKRZDUPVUDFHVZRXOGEHDIIHFWHGE\YDULRXVSDUDPHWHUV 7KHVLPXODWLRQVJUHZSRZHUIXOHQRXJKWKDWWKHUHVXOWVRIPDQ\RIWKHVH
ZD UJDPHV
EHFDPHFODVVLILHG PDWHULDODQGWKH
KROHV
WKDWZHUHH[SRVHGZHUHLQWHJUDWHGLQWRQDWLRQDOSROLFLHV   $UWLILFLDO ,QWHOOLJHQFH DSSOLFDWLRQV LQ WKH :HVW VWDUWHG WR EHFRPH H[WHQVLYHO\ UHVHDUFKHG ZKHQ WKH-DSDQHVHDQQRXQFHGLQWKDWWKH\ZHUHJRLQ JWREXLOGDWK*HQHUDWLRQFRPSXWHUFDSDEOHRI ORJLFGHGXFWLRQDQGRWKHUVXFKFDSDELOLWLHV   ,QHYLWDEO\WKHWK*HQHUDWLRQSURMHFWIDLOHGGXHWRWKHLQKHUHQWSUREOHPVWKDW$,LVIDFHGZLWK 1HYHUWKHOHVVUHVHDUFKVWLOOFRQWLQXHGDURXQGWKHJOREHWRLQW HJUDWHPRUH
LQWHOOLJHQW
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

STATE OF THE ART TECHNOLOGIES


o ,QHUWLDOQDYLJDWLRQV\VWHP $Q,QHUWLDO1DYLJDWLRQ6\VWHP ,16 LVDQDYLJDWLRQDLGWKDWXVHVDFRPSXWHUDQGPRWLRQ VHQVRUV DFFHOHURPHWHUV WRFRQWLQXRXVO\FDOFXODWHYLDGHDGUHFNRQLQJWKH SRVLWLRQRULHQWDWLRQ DQGYHORFLW\ GLUHFWLRQDQGVSHHGRIPRYHPHQW RIDPRYLQJREMHFWZLWKRXWWKHQHHGIRUH[WHUQDO

Page 16

UHIHUHQFHV W V VHG RQ YHKLFOHV V FK DV VKLSV  DLUFUDIW  V DULQHV  JXLGHG PLVVLOHV  DQG VSDFHFUDIW 2WKHU WHUPV XVHG WR UHIHU WR LQH UWLDO QDYLJDWLRQ V\VWHPV RU FORVHO\ UHODWHG GHYLFHV LQFOXGHLQHUWLDOJXLGDQFHV\VWHPLQHUWLDOUHIHUHQFHSODWIRUPDQGPDQ\RWKHUYDULDWLRQV 

 o &ORVHLQZHDSRQV\VWHP

 $&ORVHLQZHDSRQV\VWHP &,:6 LVDQDYDOVKLSERDUGSRLQW GHIHQVHZHDSRQIRU  GHWHFWLQJDQGGHVWUR\LQJLQFRPLQJDQWL VKLSPLVVLOHVDQGHQHP\DLUFUDIWDWVKRUWUDQJH WKH  WKUHDW V KDYLQJSHQHWUDWHGWKHIOHHW


VDYDLODEOHRXWHUGHIHQVHV 7\SLFDOO\WKHDFURQ\PLV SURQRXQFHGVHDZKL] 

 o -8&$6 -RLQW8QPDQQHG&RPEDW$LU6\VWHPV 

7KH-8&$6YLVLRQLVWRGHYHORSDZHDSRQV\VWHPWKDWH[SDQGVWDFWLFDOPLVVLRQRSWLRQV DQGSURYLGHVUHYROXWLRQDU\QHZDLUSRZHUDQGSHQHWUDWLQJVXUYHLOODQFHFDSDELOLW\7KH-8&$6  ZHDSRQ V\VWHP ZLOO H[SORLW WKH GHVLJQ DQG RSHUDWLRQDO IOH[LELOLW\ RI DQ XQLQ KDELWHG YHKLFOH WR HQDEOHDQHZSDUDGLJPLQZDUILJKWLQJZKLOHPDLQWDLQLQJWKHMXGJPHQWDQGPRUDOLPSHUDWLYHRI WKHKXPDQRSHUDWRU7KH-8&$6LVGHVLJQHGIRUPLQLPDOPDLQWHQDQFHWRUHGXFHFRVW,WZLOOEH FDSDEOHRIG\QDPLFPLVVLRQUHSODQQLQJZLWKYDU\LQJ OHYHOVRIDXWRQRP\7KH-8&$6KDVWKH SRWHQWLDO WR IXOO\ H[SORLW WKH HPHUJLQJ LQIRUPDWLRQ UHYROXWLRQ DQG SURYLGH DGYDQFHG DLUSRZHU

17

Page 17 of 17

ZLWK LQFUHDVHG WDFWLFDO GHWHUUHQFH DW D IUDFWLRQ RI WKH WRWDO OLIH F\FOH FRVWV RI FXUUHQW PDQQHG V\VWHPV

 
o )/,5 )RUZDUGORRNLQJLQIUDUHG 

)RUZDUG ORRNLQJ LQIUDUHG )/,5  LV DQ LPDJLQJ WHFKQRORJ\ W KDW VHQVHV LQIUDUHG UDGLDWLRQ6LQFH)/,5VXVHGHWHFWLRQRIWKHUPDOHQHUJ\WRFUHDWHWKHSLFWXUHDVVHPEOHGIRUWKH YLGHRRXWSXWWKH\FDQEHXVHGWRKHOSSLORWVDQGGU LYHUVVWHHUWKHLUYHKLFOHVDWQLJKWDQGLQIRJ RUGHWHFWZDUPREMHFWVDJDLQVWDFROGEDFNJURXQGZKHQLWLVFRPSOHWHO\GDUN VXFKDVDFORXG\ PRRQOHVVQLJKW 7KHZDYHOHQJWKRILQIUDUHGWKDW)/,5VGHWHFWVGLIIHUVVLJQLILFDQWO\IURPWKDWRI 1LJKW YLVLRQ ZKLFK RSHUDWHV LQ WKH YLVLEOH OLJKW DQG QHDU LQIUDUHG UDQJHV  WR  PLFURPHWUHV 

Você também pode gostar