Socio Ecological Profile

Preface
This edition of the Quezon City Socio-Ecological Profile (variously called Socio-Economic Profile, Socio-Economic and Physical Profile, or simply Ecological Profile) is a milestone in a number of important ways. For one, the year 2010 is a national population census year and for once, it is possible to make a direct correlation between the number of inhabitants and the actual conditions of their social, economic and physical environment at the time they were counted. This reality has tremendous significance for planning and policy making. For another, the year 2010 is an election year and it marks the change over from one administration to another at all levels of political jurisdiction except at the barangay level. In a very real sense, the data compiled in this Profile represent to a significant degree the accomplishments of the out-going administration or the effects and outcomes of those accomplishments. The in-coming administration, in turn, may use the same data to craft programs that will have the effect of building and improving on the record of its predecessor. This will ensure both continuity and progress. Indeed, this document was prepared on the initiative of the Belmonte administration during the last year of its third consecutive term. The obvious objective of such an undertaking is to document the legacy of the nine-year stewardship of the Belmonte administration on one hand, and to provide a baseline information for the succeeding administration, on the other. This Profile has therefore served as the main data base for the crafting of the Comprehensive Development Plan which is another major bequest of the Belmonte administration to its successor. The in-coming Bautista administration thereby enjoys a headstart in that instead of beginning its term with planning it can proceed right off with implementing the plan. That an out-going administration will take the trouble of handing over to its successor a set of well organized data base and a well crafted development plan is a phenomenon rarely seen anywhere. Other local governments may take their cue from this trail-blazing act of the Quezon City government. While the Profile was prepared principally for use in planning and policy making by responsible officials and staff of the city government, it can likewise be used by other readers for their own purposes. The compilation of data contains minimal analysis and interpretation to allow different users to apply their own analytical frameworks to extract the desired interpretations and conclusions from the same data sets. High school and undergraduate college students will find the Profile a rich resource for school reports and term papers. To graduate students the Profile can be an aide to identifying areas for in-depth investigations towards the production of theses and dissertations. The Socio-Ecological Profile is by far the most comprehensive collection of information about practically every aspect of Quezon City. As such it should be open to a wide range of readership. Even casual visitors who happened to pick up a copy may find a wealth of detail between covers interesting enough to make them want to take a second look. Movers and migrants who, by chance or by choice, have taken up residence in the city may find in the Profile enough advantages of staying in Quezon City to make them decide to become permanent residents. Old-time residents may yet find new and unique features of their city and rekindle their sense of loyalty and pride of place. The production of this document owes in large part to the painstaking efforts of the different sectoral committees anchored by the respective technical staffs of the City Planning and Development Office. That this latter office had to play a key role owes to the current practice among local governments to prepare or update their Profile in conjunction with the larger project of preparing their mandated plans. This explains why the Profile contents are organized under the five development sectors. However, this need not be so for long if the Profile is envisioned to reach a wide range of readership. While the traditional sectors are mandated to maintain and update their respective data holdings as basic inputs in comprehensive development planning other topical headings are expected to be added in future editions of the Profile. This opens the door for other elements of the citys constituencies to contribute to its contents, take part in its production and maintenance and, utilize the data sets for a variety of purposes. In terms of form and style, too, a book of facts such as the Profile need not be one of hard and dry reading. This 2010 edition of the Socio-Ecological Profile of Quezon City, finally, aspires to set a benchmark of good practice among local governments in the Philippines.
SOCIO ECOLOGICAL PROFILE 2010
Contents
PREFACE 1 Chapter 1 1.1 The Envisioned City of Quezon 1.2 The Creation of Quezon City 1.3 Quezon City as the Capital City 1.4 Changing Fortunes of Quezon City 1.5 Capitalizing on the Quezon City Vision Chapter 2 2.1 Geography 2.2.1 Slope 2.2.2 Soil 2.2.3 Drainage 2.2.4 Groundwater Levels 2.3 Climate 2.4 Fault System 2.5 Land Use Patterns 2.5.1 Residential Development 2.5.2 Commercial Development 2.5.3 Industrial Development 2.5.4 Institutional Development 2.5.5 Parks and Open Spaces 2.6 Service Utilities 2.6.1 Water Supply 2.6.2 Power Supply 2.6.3 Communication 2.7 Transportation and Communication 2.7.1 Road Network 2.7.2 Traffic Volume 2.7.3 Traffic Prone Areas 2.7.4 Mode of Transport Chapter 3 3.1 Demography 3.1.1 Population Size and Growth Rate 3.1.2 Population size and Growth Rate by District 3.1.3 Barangay Population and Growth Rate 3.1.4 Population Density 3.1.5 Natural Increase in Population 3.1.6 Age and Sex Composition 41 3.1.7 Population Distribution by Marital Status, Religion, Language Spoken, and Ethnicity 3.2 Status of Well-Being 37 37 38 38 39 40 41 42 44 14 15 16 17 18 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 25 27 27 28 29 30 30 32 33 34 4 5 6 9 10
3.2.1 Health Status 3.2.2 Health Facilities/Services 3.3 Education 3.3.1 Literacy and Highest Grade Completed 3.3.2 Enrollment Performance Indicators 3.3.3 Academic Performance Indicator 3.3.4 Classroom-Student Ratio 3.3.5 Teacher-Student Ratio 3.3.6 Textbook-Student Ratio 3.3.7 Educational Programs 3.3.8 Educational Facilities 3.4. Social Welfare Services 3.4.1 Early Childhood Development (ECD) Services 3.4.2 Children In Need of Special Protection (CNSP) 3.4.3 Youth Welfare Services 69 3.4.4 Women in Especially Difficult Circumstances (WEDC) 3.4.5 Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) 3.4.6 Older Persons (OPs) 3.4.7 Families 3.4.8 Other Welfare Institutions/Organizations 3.5 Housing 3.5.1 Households & Occupied Dwelling Units 3.5.2 Shelter Needs 3.5.3 Housing Affordability 3.5.4 Minimum Design Standards for Residential Subdivision and Condominium Projects 3.5.5 Housing Sites 3.5.6 Local Shelter Program 3.5.7 Local Shelter Organization 3.6. Sports and Recreation 3.6.1 Sports Facilities 3.6.2 Recreation Facilities 3.7. Protective Services 3.7.1 Police Services 3.7.2 Crime Incidence 3.7.3 Fire Protection and Prevention 3.7.4 Fire Incidence 3.7.5 Administration of Justice 3.7.7 Reformatory Institutions 3.3. Culture Chapter 4 4.1 Livelihood and Employment 4.2 Family and income expenditure 4.2.1 Food Security 4.3 Industry & Service
44 53 56 56 58 60 62 63 64 64 67 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 73 74 74 75 77 80 80 81 82 83 83 83 84 84 84 86 86 87 88 89
4.3.1 Services 109 4.3.2 Industry 109 4.4 TOURISM 111 Chapter 5 5.1 Solid Waste 5.1.1 Domestic Solid Waste 5.1.2 Hazardous, Toxic and Healthcare Waste 5.2 Ambient Air 5.3 Water Quality 5.3.1 Groundwater Resource 5.3.2 Natural Waterways 5.4 Parks and Open Spaces 5.4.1 Major and Special Parks 5.4.2 Community and Neighborhood Parks 5.5 Biodiversity 5.5.1 La Mesa Watershed 5.5.2 Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife 5.5.3 UP Diliman Campus 5.5.4 Ateneo de Manila Campus Chapter 6 6.1 Local Government Organization 6.1.1 Evolution of the Quezon City Government 6.1.2 Existing Organizational Structure of Quezon City Government 6.1.3 QC Government Manpower Complement 6.1.4 Physical Plant and Facilities 6.1.5 Management System & Operations 6.1.6 The Barangay 6.1.7 National Government Agencies 6.2 Government and Income Expenditure 6.2.1 Government Income 6.2.2 Government Expenditure 6.3 Local Legislation 6.4 Peoples Participation 6.4.1 Local Special Bodies 147 147 149 151 152 154 156 159 161 161 164 166 168 168 122 122 127 129 131 131 132 135 135 136 138 138 139 139 139
Quezon City Development Council 171
94 100 105 107
Chapter 1 QUEZON CITY: The Envisioned City of Quezon
1.1 The Envisioned City of Quezon

Quezon City was conceived in a vision of a man incomparable - the late President Manuel Luis Quezon who dreamt of a central place that will house the countrys highest governing body and will provide low-cost and decent housing for the less privileged sector of the society. He envisioned the growth and development of a city where the common man can live with dignity.
I dream of a capital city that, politically shall be the seat of the national government; aesthetically the showplace of the nation--- a place that thousands of people will come and visit as the epitome of culture and spirit of the country; socially a dignified concentration of human life, aspirations and endeavors and achievements; and economically as a productive, self contained community. President Manuel L. Quezon
This vision of President Quezon began to take shape in October 1938 when the Peoples Homesite Corporation, a subsidiary of the National Development Corporation, especially created on his order to procure and develop a large tract of land to be developed into a low-cost housing site, acquired some 15,723,191 sq.m. from the vast Diliman estate of the Tuazon family at an equivalent price of P0.05 per square meter. Equally inspired by this noble quest for a new metropolis, the National Assembly moved for the creation of this new city. The first bill was filed by Assemblyman Ramon P. Mitra with the new city proposed to be named as Balintawak City. The proposed name was later amended on the motion of Assemblymen Narciso Ramos and Eugenio Perez, both of Pangasinan to Quezon City.
1.2 The Creation of Quezon City
On September 28, 1939 the National Assembly approved Bill No. 1206 as Commonwealth Act No. 502, otherwise known as the Charter of Quezon City. Signed by President Quezon on October 12, 1939, the law defined the boundaries of the city and gave it an area of 7,000 hectares carved out of the towns of Caloocan, San Juan, Marikina, Pasig, and Mandaluyong, all in Rizal Province. The law likewise specified the manner in which the city was to be governed. All the city officials were to be appointed by the President with President Quezon himself being the first acting Mayor. He served from October 12 to November 4, 1939, after which Tomas Morato, then Mayor of Calauag, Tayabas, was appointed as his successor. The original physical plan of the City, which was prepared in 1940 by Harry T. Frost, architectural adviser of the Commonwealth, reflect a big quadrangle in the heart of the City from which four (4) avenues radiate toward the outskirts with rotundas placed on the four (4) corners, the largest being the 26hectare elliptical center, now known as the Quezon Memorial Circle. Progress in Quezon City continued until the outbreak of World War II on December 8, 1941. Just before the Japanese occupied the city, President Quezon issued Executive Order No. 400, dated January 1, 1942, incorporating Quezon City with Greater Manila for synchronized and coordinated activity in such time of emergency. Under the order, the Mayors of Quezon City, San Juan, Mandaluyong, Paraaque, Caloocan and Makati became the assistants to the Mayor of Greater Manila, who at that time was Jorge Vargas. However, when Mayor Morato was arrested by the Japanese in mid-1942, Dr. Florencio Cruz then City Health Officer was installed as Chief of the City (being a district of Greater Manila) until liberation. As soon as the war was over, in April 1945, the Secretary of Interior Tomas Confesor designated Oscar Castelo, who was then an Assistant Fiscal of Manila, as Acting Mayor of Quezon City, and therefore, Assistant to the Mayor of Manila Juan Nolasco. The house of President Quezon on Gilmore Avenue was used by Castelo as temporary office of the city government. Capt. Sabino de Leon, former Quezon City Police Chief, was designated as Acting Assistant Mayor of Quezon City on October 1, 1945 while Castelo returned to his job as Assistant City Fiscal of Manila. Capt. De Leon moved the city government offices to a market site along South 9th Street near Sampaloc Avenue (now the site of Roces High School). Quezon City regained its separate political existence from Greater Manila on January 2, 1947 by virtue of Republic Act No. 45. Ponciano A. Bernardo was appointed City Mayor.
1.3 Quezon City as the Capital City

Upon assumption of office of President Manuel A. Roxas as the first president of the second Philippine Republic in 1946, he announced his intention to restore Quezon City as a regular chartered city. Various sectors declared their protests by citing the citys economic and financial bankruptcy, dismal health and sanitary conditions, and high rate of criminality during the post-war period. On July 25, 1946, President Roxas, created a committee that would study the selection of the official capital of the Philippines. By virtue of Administrative Order No. 5, the Selection Committee was given the task of selection of the most suitable site on which to build the capital city of the Philippines and the capitol building/s. Then Senator Melecio Arranz, who was appointed committee head, declare d that Manila, although inevitably a key point in the selection of the capital city site, has become undesirable as a national capital due to post-war damages, congestion of commercial activities, and government and military requirements, among others. On the other hand, the city of Quezon had worked on the reparation of post-war vestiges. The selection process underwent series of extensive studies, researches, discussions, and public hearings which primarily focused on the following considerations: general sanitation, public works development, strategic considerations, scenic beauty, and administrative coordination. Out of the sixteen (16) nominated sites, three sites emerged as the top choices: Ipo-Novaliches area; Baguio; and, Quezon City-Novaliches. The contiguous areas of Ipo-Quezon City-Novaliches proved to be the ideal choice for the nations capital and still garnered the highest composite average rating over the second placer Baguio. Thus, the Arranz Selection Committee concluded: the area now covered by Quezon City extending northward along Marikina River to the upper limits of Novaliches reservoir watershed, [and] West to the boundary linecomprising an approximate total area of 16,200 hectaresone-fourth of which is owned by the Government, is the best[site] to be made as the Capital City of the Republic.
The committee also cited the following advantages of the City as the choice nations capital:
1. [The Citys] proximity to Manila, the best port of entry from foreign countries and the commercial and financial center of the country; 2. Its accessibility from all the important inhabited areas in the Philippines either by land, air, sea; 3. Its already available conveniences from the standpoint of a municipal entity[-as an organized and partially developed chartered city]; 4. Its public works facilities with regard to the provision of water supply, easy drainage, availability of power and proximity to commercial, industrial, and manufacturing establishments engaged in the sale, production, and distribution of construction materials and equipment; 5. Its geological qualities, which provide a satisfactory foundation for buildings and other structures, at the same time allowing the construction of underground structures; 6. Its larger area of government-owned land right in its central zone which will permit a substantial economy inn the development of public improvements as well as more freedom and liberal assignments for streets, parks, and playground areas; 7. .Its healthfulness due to its elevation (it averages about 250feet above sea level) together with the availability of an abundant and wholesome water supply and excellent drainage which are the most important requirements for the development of modern cities; and, 8. Its historical background; consideration of public expenditures already made; administrative commitments and evident public support.
However, before the selection was made, President Roxas died of heart attack in Clark Field, Pampanga. It was President Elpidio R. Quirino, his successor, who signed Republic Act No. 333 on July 17, 1948, which made Quezon City the capital of the Philippines. The Act created the Capital City Planning Commission to prepare the general development plan and supervise the improvements to be done in the Capital City. Archt. Juan Arellano headed the architectural division of the Commission while Mayor Bernardo handled public relations. After almost one year, on April 8, 1949, the Master Plan was signed by President Quirino. It further stipulated the appropriation of funds for the acquisition of private estates within the boundary limits of the city, and authorized the issuance of bonds for the construction of streets, bridges, waterworks, sewerage and other city improvements. In July 1947, the City Hall building was constructed along Highway 54 (now Epifanio delos Santos Avenue or EDSA) on what used to be the site of the pre-war public market. It was occupied in February 1948, housing all the city governments offices and departments with the exception of the police department. Quezon City was formally inaugurated as the national capital of the Philippines on October 12, 1949. President Quirino laid the cornerstone of the proposed Capitol Building at Constitution Hills. The Welcome Arch (now Mabuhay Rotunda) at the boundary of Manila and Quezon City was built; the construction of Roxas Homesite by the Philippine Homesite and Housing Cor-
poration, consisting of 1,104 housing units on an area of 40 hectares, started. The Citys territorial boundaries were revised four times since its creation on October 12, 1939. Originally, Quezon City had only about 7,000 hectares extending from La Loma to Marikina River and from Pasong Tamo River down to (and including) Wack Wack Golf Club in Mandaluyong. It was first amended in 1941 by Commonwealth Act 659 which returned the portions west of Marikina River to Marikina, a reduction of about 500 hectares. After the war, Republic Act 333 dated July 17, 1948 which declared the City as the National Capital, incorporated the areas of Novaliches and Payatas thereby greatly increasing the territory by more than double: from 6,500 hectares to 15,660. A third revision which decreased the Citys area by about 300 hectares was made in 1950 by RA 537 when parts of the territory east of Marikina River were given back to Montalban and San Mateo, as well as Wack Wack and Camp Crame to Mandaluyong and San Juan, respectively. The final amendment was made on June 16, 1956 by virtue of RA 1575 which again reduced the Citys area by 260 hectares from 15,359 to 15,106 hectares, when areas west of Marikina River were again reverted to Montalban and San Mateo even as Camp Crame was reintegrated to the City. This is the present official territorial boundary of Quezon City. However, graphical plots made on this present boundary of the city gave an area of 16,112 hectares, about 1,000 hectares more than the officially declared land area.
Table H-1 Changes in Land Area of Quezon City
Commonwealth Act 502

Date Approved Land Area
Commonwealth Act 659
Republic Act 333
Republic Act 537
Republic Act 537
October 12, 1939 7,006 Has.*
June 21, 1941 6,497 Has.*
June 17, 1948 June 16, 1950 15,660 Has.* 15,359 Has.*
June 16, 1956 15,106 Has.* 16,112 Has.*
(* Figures obtained thru graphical computations only) (** Based on 1995 GIS graphical plot)
1.4 Changing Fortunes of Quezon City

For twenty-seven (27) years, Quezon City held the distinct status of being the nations capital. However, two Presidential Decrees issued by President Ferdinand E. Marcos would have substantially changed the political stature and landscape of the city. appointed to office after Mayor Amoranto resigned from his post. Mayor Adelina S. Rodriguez then led the city during the transition towards the period when it was no longer the nations capital. During her first year in office, Mayor Rodriguez formulated the now-famous City Development Program, which functioned as basis Presidential Decree 824 authorized the creation of the for integrating problem solution. She underscored the Metropolitan Manila and Metropolitan Manila Com- importance of the citys mandate in terms of employmission which would exercise territorial and political ment generation and delivery of basic services despite jurisdiction over seventeen (17) municipalities and cit- limited resources. With the successful implementation ies, including Quezon City. The Decree was deemed of the citys Seven-Point Management Program that necessary due to rapid growth of population and would bring about community awareness and conof social and economic requirements in the contigu- sciousness of maintaining ecological balance, the city ous communities. Too, the Decree served to address also recorded significant improvements in terms of inthe imperative for integrated development, service de- come generation and crime reduction. livery, and management in terms of peace and order and eradication of social and economic ills which were A Letter of Instruction (LOI) No. 473 was issued by considered then as among the reform measures under President Marcos and under which the Constitution Martial Law. Hills and Reclamation Areas, both situated in Quezon City, were designated as the site of the countrys parIt was around this period and under the leadership of liamentary building or the Batasang Bayan and other appointed mayor Norberto S. Amoranto, that the city government offices, such as the Department of Educaattained an impressive performance record in terms tion and Culture and the Civil Service Commission. of financial standing, delivery of services, particularly that of medical and health services, establishment Indeed, even as Quezon City was no longer the capital of buildings, and community beautification projects city, it proved to be a vast and teeming city which by which were also supported by then First Lady Imelda then attained a steadily increasing income and occuR. Marcos. pied one-third of Metro Manilas total land area. It has implemented its development plan and served as the On June 24, 1976, then President Marcos issued Presi- government center with the national legislature and dential Decree (PD) 940, which effectively conferred other important government offices located in its area. back the role of the nations capital to the City of Ma- All of these are reminiscent of the same noble dream nila and mandated the area prescribed under PD 824 that brought forth the creation of the City. as Metropolitan Manila, now known as the National Capital Region (NCR), to be the permanent seat of national government. Three months prior to this declaration, Quezon City set another record by having the first lady chief executive
1.5 Capitalizing on the Quezon City Vision
The original vision of President Quezon for the City became the thread that weave and will continue to weave a very vibrant and rich past, present, and future for the city. Important people, places, and events that shaped the course of history in the struggle for freedom and sovereignty including the Cry of Pugad Lawin led by the Great Plebeian and revolutionary hero Andres Bonifacio, the People Power Revolution in EDSA that toppled the regime of President Marcos and the installation of President Corazon Aquino under the restored democracy took place in areas that now comprise the city. Currently, Quezon City is the largest among the Metropolitan Manilas cities in terms of population and land area. The Quezon dream-vision continues to guide efforts for the attainment of a progressive and peaceful, clean and orderly place conducive and hospitable to living, employment, and business, A Quality Community that is Quezon City. Effective fiscal management, aggressive tax management strategies, increasing efficiency and growing discipline in the management and use of resources as well as participatory governance have made Quezon City one of the most competitive cities in the Philippines today. In particular, the city recorded the highest net income in the Philippines, produced an annual budget surplus averaging P307 million for seven consecutive years from 2002 thru 2008, and earned an income of P8.02 billion in 2008. The City takes pride in its strong economic viability and financial standing, rational de-
velopment of systems to curb graft, rigid budgeting process that considers the citys development planning strategies and priorities and the most pressing needs of its constituents. The city has also achieved various firsts in many areas such as computerized revenue collection and assessment system, fiscal control and capability building in the barangay level, various environmental and solid waste management programs, women and children protection, and institutionalization of citizen participation in governance thru the City Development Council. Due to its achievements and innovations, Quezon City was recognized and cited for the dynamism of its local economy, the quality of life of its residents and the responsiveness of the local government in addressing business needs, among others. In 2007, Quezon City took the 7th place in the Asian City of the Future survey commissioned by the London Financial Times. In a 2008 Tholons Global Outsourcing and Investments special report, the city ranked as the number 21 emerging global outsourcing city, the highest among all nine new entrants. The city manifests the same criteria for the nations capital being at the center of trade, commerce, education and culture, seat of the national government, modern transportation, communication and accommodation facilities and other physical attributes of a modern city.
10
Historical Highlights (1938-2008)
11
12
13
Chapter 2 Geophysical Profile
The Land Use/Infrastructure Sector has six areas of concern namely: geography, topography, climate, land use patterns, service utilities, and transportation.
2.1 Geography
Quezon City is situated on the northeast portion of Metro Manila. It is bounded on the north by Caloocan City and San Jose del Monte City in Bulacan Province, on the east by San Mateo and Marikina, on the south by Pasig and Mandaluyong, San Juan and Manila, and on the west by Valenzuela, Caloocan and Manila. Its northeastern and eastern boundaries are defined by the Novaliches Watershed and the Marikina River. It is close to the regions major activity centers like Binondo, Ayala, Monumento, Ortigas, the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA), the North and South Harbor as well as the newly developed Fort Bonifacio Global City. With an area of 16,112.58 hectares (based on 1995 GIS graphical plot), it is the largest among the sixteen (16) cities and one (1) municipality in the region and is almost one-fourth the size of Metro Manila. (See Figure GP-1)
Quezon City Metro Manila
Geographical Coordinates
East West North South 121 07 30 120 59 15 14 46 30 14 35 15
Figure GP-1 Location Map 1
2.2 Topography
Situated on the Guadalupe Plateau, the Citys topography is largely rolling with alternating ridges and lowlands. The southern part of the City has a low grade terrain while the northern half is undulating that culminates at the Novaliches Reservoir or La Mesa Dam where the water supply for most of the region is impounded.
14
2.2.1 Slope
The citys slope is generally undulating to rolling. Most of these parts are of Novaliches Clay which is further categorize as follows; The Urban Land Complex (NvucC/D) with 5-15 percent slope covering an area of 7,598.62 hectares 47.16%. The Novaliches Urban Land Complex (NvucB) with 2-5 percent slope and an area of 1,169.20 hectares or 7.26%. The Novaliches Clay (NvC1) with 5-8 percent slope, slightly eroded has an area of 1,758.52 hectares or 10.91% and the Novaliches Clay (NvD1) with 5-8 percent slope and an area of 242.41 hectares or 1.50%. The San Luis Clay described as the undulating basaltic plateau with 2-5 percent slope, slightly eroded covers an area of 1,486.98 hectares or 9.23%. The San Manuel Clay the minor alluvial plain is also classified into two (2) namely; the San Manuel Clay Loam (SmA) with 2-5 percent slope covers an area of 136.22 hectares or .85% and San Manuel clay loam (SmAf1) with 0-2 percent slope, slightly flooded areas covers an area of 108.34 hectares or .67%. The Burgos Clay, the alluvial fan terraces with 2-5 percent slope covers an area of 557.95 hectares or 3.46%. Other areas are identified as Escarpment and Built up Areas covers an area of 619.88 hectares or 3.85% and 102.36 hectares or.63% respectively.
Figure GP-2 Slope Map
LEGEND:
15
2.2.2 Soil
A survey by the Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM) showed that Quezon City has five (5) soil types, namely; the Novaliches Loam Series, San Luis Clay, San Manuel Clay, Burgos Clay and Escapment. The Novaliches Loam series is the predominant soil type commonly called adobe it is mainly characterized as hard and compact. It covers an area of 13,100.86 hectares or 81.31%. The San Luis Clay is a type of soil which is deep, well drained occurring on undulating plateau derived mainly from weathered product of basalt and andesite. It covers an area of 1,486.98 hectares or 9.23%. The San Manuel Clay Loam is type of soil which is also deep, well drained occurring on nearly to gently sloping (0-5% slope) river terraces or leeves minor alluvial plain. This type of soil covers an area 244.55 hectares or 1.52%. The Burgos Clay on the other hand which covers an area of 557.95 hectares or 3.46% are soils which are moderately deep to deep, moderately well drained occurring nearly level to gently sloping or undulating (2-5% slopes) on fan terraces developed from collu-alluvial deposits. The Built up Area (BU) are generally mixed alluvial sediments for sand , silt, peaty and mucky materials overlain by filled up materials of mixed volcanic and marine sediments suitable for urban development. This covers 102.36 hectares or .63%. The Escarpment zone comprises mainly of rolling to steep side slopes and scarps along periphery of Novaliches towards Muntinlupa or along Marikina fault, the soils are shallow to moderately deep with scattered stones and boulders. This covers an area of 102.36 hectares or .63% (Refer to Figure GP-3)
Figure GP-3 Soil Map
Table GP-1 Relation of Soil to Depth Depth of Soil (in ms)

0-5 6-20 20-35 35-60 60- plus
Source: Bureau of Soils SOCIO ECOLOGICAL PROFILE 2010
Brown, loose and friable loam to clay loam
Weathered adobe rock, slightly compact Compact and massive adobe rock
16
Figure GP-4 QC River System Map
River Creek Metro Manila Area Quezon City Area 2.2.3 Drainage
Maysilo River
Valenzuela
The City is drained thru four (4) principal river basins namely: the San Juan-San Francisco River, Marikina River, Tullahan River and Meycauayan River. The San Juan River which traverses the central and southern sections of the city, and the Marikina River which traverses along the eastern boundary discharge to the Pasig River. The Tullahan River traversing the Novaliches area discharges to Tenejeros River in Malabon. The creeks at the northwestern most portion drain to the Meycauayan River. The ultimate drainage outfall of these river systems is the Manila Bay. ((Refer to Figure GP-4). The San Juan-San Francisco River Basin covers the largest area of 80 sq. km. extending from the citys southern limits up to San Bartolome in Novaliches and from Quirino Highway towards Marikina Valley ridge in the east, except for La Loma and Galas which slope down directly to the Pasig River. Meanwhile, the Marikina River Basin, comprising 26 sq. km, is the outfall of marginal areas east of Marikina Ridge from Don Jose Subdivision near Fairview down to Corinthian Gardens at Ortigas Avenue. The Tullahan River basin with an approximate drainage area of 28.94 sq. km. serves most of the Novaliches District from Batasan at the east towards Caloocan City at the west, including Fairview and Lagro and across Novaliches proper up to Damong Maliit Road in Nagkaisang Nayon. The remaining areas at the northwestern peripheries drain to Meycauayan River. The Novaliches Watershed with an area of 2,574 hectares serves exclusively the La Mesa Reservation Area. (Refer to Figure GP-5)
Tullahan River
Navotas
Quezon City
Marikina River
Malabon Caloocan
San Francisco River
Marikina
Manila Manila Bay Pasay
San Juan Mandaluyong

Pasig River Manggahan Floodway
Pateros Taguig Laguna de Bay
Paranaque Las Pinas
Figure GP-5 QC Drainage Surface Map Meycauayan Tullahan San Juan-Pasig Marikina Novaliches Watershed River/Creek
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2.2.4 Groundwater Levels

The 1955 piezometric map indicates that in the northern part near Novaliches reservoir and at +60 meter contour in the groundwater divide, two separating groundwater flow directions exist. One takes a southeast direction to Marikina Valley towards Laguna Lake and the other leads in southwest direction to Pasig River towards Manila Bay. (Refer to Figure GP-6) Since 1955, the groundwater flow pattern has been significantly altered due to excessive withdrawal of groundwater. The adversely affected parts of the aquifer created cones of depression. By 2004, the groundwater level proved a worsened situation as increased groundwater abstraction resulted in deeper cones of depressions.
Figure GP-6 Piezometric Map
60
60
40 20
60 40
20
0
-60 -40
-60
-40
-20
40
0
20
40
20 40
-4060
-20
20
20
-60
0 -20
-40
-60
-60
2.3 Climate
The climate in Quezon City is typical of Metro Manilas, which has a distinct dry season from December to April and wet season from May to November. The normal annual rainfall total is 2,532.3 mm with the maximum mean monthly total rains being experienced in August with 526.8 mm and the minimum in February with 8.9 mm. The maximum number of 24-rainy days occurs in August while the minimum of two-rainy days occurs in February. The annual total number of rainy days is 153 while the average temperature is lowest at 20.4 C in January and highest at 34.9C in April. (Refer to Table GP-2)
40
0 2 -40
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Table GP-2
No. of Days w/
AMOUNT (mm)
Month
Dry Bulb (C)
Mean (C)
No. Of RD
Wet Bulb
Max (C)
Min (C)
Rel. Rel. Hum. %%
Rainfall
Temperature
Wind
Dw Pt.
Cloud Amount (okta)
Vapor Pre
MSLP
TSTM
0 0 1 4 14 17 19 17 18 11 5 1 107
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANNUAL
19.5 8.9 22.9 35.1 160.4 311.6 504.1 526.8 391.7 312.0 155.5 83.9 2532.3
4 2 3 4 12 18 22 24 22 19 14 9 153
30.4 31.6 33.3 34.9 34.6 32.9 31.6 31.1 31.5 31.3 31.1 30.3 32.7
20.4 20.6 21.6 23.3 24.4 24.3 23.9 23.9 23.7 23.2 22.4 21.3 22.7
25.4 26.1 27.4 29.1 29.5 28.6 27.8 27.5 27.6 27.3 26.7 25.8 27.4
25.1 25.9 27.4 29.1 29.3 28.2 27.3 27.1 27.1 26.8 26.3 25.4 27.1
22.0 22.0 22.7 23.9 25.1 25.3 25.0 25.0 24.9 24.6 23.8 22.7 23.9
22.7 20.4 20.8 21.9 23.6 24.3 24.2 24.3 24.1 23.8 22.9 21.6 22.7
24.3 23.8 24.3 26.1 29.0 30.2 30.1 30.2 30.0 29.4 27.7 25.7 27.6
76 71 67 65 71 79 83 84 84 83 81 79 77
1012.2 1012.0 1011.5 1009.9 1008.5 1007.9 1007.3 1007.2 1008.2 1008.6 1010.0 1011.6 1009.6
NE NE SE SE SE SW SW SW SW N N N SW
1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2
5 4 4 4 5 6 6 7 6 6 5 5 5
Source: PAGASA Station 430, Science Garden, QC Latitude : 1439 N Longtitude : 12103 E
19
LTNG
0 0 1 4 13 13 13 9 12 9 2 0 76
SPD
DIR
Figure GP-7 Fault System Map
QUEZON CITY
Bagong Silangan Capitol Park Homes
Violago Park Homes
North Subd.
Loyola Grand Villas
Industrial Valley
Green Meadows
2.4 Fault System

The west Marikina Fault of the Marikina Valley Fault System (MVFS) affects Quezon City. It runs along the Citys eastern boundary from the down slope area east of Violago Parkwoods in the northeast to Bagong Silangan to Northview; Capitol Park Homes; Loyola Grand Villas; Industrial Valley Subdivision; St. Ignatius to Green Meadows Subdivision in Ugong Norte in the southeast . (Refer to Figure GP-7)
20
2.5 Land Use Patterns

The development of Quezon City was initially based on two Master Plans: the 1940 Frost Plan named after its principal architect, Harry Frost; and the 1949 Master Plan prepared by the City Planning Commission in accordance with the vision of President Manuel Luis Quezon. Both plans became the fountainhead of the new Citys development laying the framework for the development of the city as a premier residential area and dignified capital city. destruction brought about by the war. The Plan allocated 57.6% of the land area for residential uses, 10.71% for government and public uses, 12.96% for roads and parkways, 7.31% for parks and open spaces, 5.36% for commercial and industrial establishments and 2.76% for agricultural uses. It also prescribed dividing the City into one metropolitan area and three neighborhood districts which would be self-contained.
The ensuing Revised Charter of Quezon City of 1950 The 1940 Frost Plan was only partially implemented retained the residential character of the city with the owing to the break out of World War II. Hence, it was following major land use allocations: (Refer to Table the succeeding Master Plan prepared in 1949 that con- GP-3) tinued directing the redevelopment of the City from the
Table GP-3 Land Use Allocation, Quezon City: 1950
Percentage (%)
62 14 Parks/Playground Agricultural
Source: Revised Charter of Quezon City of 1950
7 3
In the light of the upsurge in development, the City Zoning Plan of 1963 reallocated land uses, as follows:
Table GP-4 Land Use Allocation, Quezon City: 1963
Percentage (%)
66.5 Commercial Industrial Agro-Industrial
Source: City Zoning Plan of 1963
4.6 16.5 3.9
The succeeding years saw a continued increase in the citys population and rapid urbanization such that deviations from the Master Plan became inevitable to enable the city to cope with these changes in its internal and external environments.
21
2.5.1 Residential Development

In 1972, residential communities comprised about 21% of the Citys built up area, with the southern half (District I, III & IV) being extensively occupied. In the northern half, meanwhile, residential areas were concentrated in the western part and linearly located along major roads like Quirino Highway from Balintawak to Novaliches and along Tandang Sora Avenue from Quirino Highway to Commonwealth Avenue. At the eastern half of upper Quezon City, Fairview Subdivision had yet to develop as a new satellite community. Residential growth continued its northward spread so that in 1985, new communities had established inwards from both sides of Quirino Highway and Tandang Sora Avenue. However, a faster pace can be observed along Commonwealth Avenue (which, by then, was of more improved condition, widened and concreted) where large residential developments have taken place, like Filinvest Homes, Don Antonio, BF Homes and Mapayapa subdivisions. Lagro served as the new satellite community in that part of the city integrating the linear growth from Quirino Highway on the west to that along Commonwealth Avenue on the east, even as large tracts of land in the midpart of the district remained vacant due to poor accessibility. By then, residential uses made up 34.74% of the Citys urban area. The southern parts of the city meanwhile had grown inwards, diminishing what used to be pockets of vacant land in the inner areas. (Refer to GP-8) This inward growth pattern of residential communities prevailed until recent years. With the opening of new subdivisions mostly in the Capitol Area, some in Payatas, Novaliches and Tandang Sora, the city experienced a noticeable expansion towards the north due to road constructions at Mindanao Avenue, SB Diversion Roads and Congressional Avenue in Brgy. Pasong Tamo and the soon-to-be completed segment at Brgy. Culiat. Quezon City with its vast area of vacant spaces and due to its proximity to Metro Manilas inner core has been the refuge of migrants who were displaced from inner metropolitan areas consisting mostly of low-income families resulting in the proliferation of squatters who built shanties on almost any available lot, be it private or government property or even along waterways, beneath power transmission lines and other high-risk areas. Another recent notable change is the deterioration of some of the citys old residential areas such as Galas, La Loma and Project 4.
Figure GP-8 Growth of Residential Areas, Quezon City; 1972-2008
QUEZON CITY
2008 5,804 has

(36.02%)
1995 5,649 has

(35.06%)
1985 5,597 has

(34.74%)
1972 3,383 has

(26%)
22
2.5.2 Commercial Development

Commercial establishments in the city have the tendency to locate in areas accessible from residential concentrations. Hence, ribbon type of growth has been the dominant feature of commercial development in the city. Although not entirely undesirable, such type of development leads to traffic congestion. is located and at Capitol which is being affected by the Gotesco Center. Simultaneously, intensification and continuing linear spread took place within the populated districts so that by 1995, commercial areas had trebled to 2.93% of the urban area. Likewise, areas with distinct features emerged as popular sites (e.g. Banawe Street for car accessories and Tomas Morato In 1972, commercial strips along major roads were Avenue as a restaurant row). mostly concentrated at Quezon Avenue and A. Bonifacio Avenue. Only the Cubao area could be consid- In the year 2000 additional commercial areas emerged ered a more prominent commercial node in the city in Fairview (SM City site), North Triangle Business although smaller commercial centers of neighborhood Center (where MRT3 main depot is located), and the scale usually established around a public market, could Eastwood Cyberpark, the countrys free trade area for be found throughout the developed residential areas in information technology at Bagumabayan where the southern Quezon City, at the Balintawak market area, headquarters of IBM and Citibank are located. at Munoz Market vicinity, and at Novaliches Proper. To date major land developments are taking place This type of land use was merely 0.88% of the Citys with the redevelopment of the Cubao Araneta Center urban area. With the introduction of the shopping (Gateway), The UP Science and Technology Park (UPcenter type of commercial establishments in the mid Ayala Technohub) in Commonwealth Avenue, the Tri70s, activity in Cubao increased, followed by SM City in angle North of Manila (Trinoma) and the proposed dethe northern area then at Broadway Centrum in New velopment of the Central Business District in the North Manila in the 80s. In 1995 more commercial nodes Triangle area. (Refer to Figure GP-9) emerged such as at Sta. Mesa where SM Centerpoint
Figure GP-9 Growth of Commercial Areas, Quezon City; 1972-2008
QUEZON CITY
2008 104.4 has

(6.48%)
1995 472 has

(2.93%)
1985 403 has

(3.10%)
1972 142 has

(1.10%)
23
2.5.3 Industrial Development

The 1963 Zoning Ordinance of Quezon City (No.5455, S-63) allocated nearly 2,500 hectares for industrial use. Medium-High Intensity Industrial zones were designated along Kaingin Road, parts of Manresa and Masambong in San Francisco del Monte as well as certain areas in Barangays San Roque, Obrero, Kalusugan, Kaunlaran and portions along EDSA in Bahay Toro, Bago Bantay, South Triangle, Socorro and Bagong Lipunan ng Crame. For light industries, areas allotted included the west side of Quirino Highway from Zabarte in Novaliches until EDSA, Balingasa and Pag-Ibig sa Nayon and the area of E. Rodriguez, Jr. Avenue in Brgy. Ugong Norte. Meanwhile, the strip of Quirino Highway from Novaliches Proper to Tandang Sora Avenue was designated for agro-industrial use. These areas became the traditional industrial districts of the city. The availability of large land parcels, proximity to industrialized areas of adjoining towns and cities (Caloocan, Malabon, Valenzuela and Pasig), and accessibility to international and domestic sea and airports (via A. Bonifacio-Quirino Highway) were important factors to the location of the industrial districts. The growth of the sector in term of land area utilized, from 274.36 hectares in 1972 to 769.05 hectares in 1995, has largely been confined in these traditional zones. The sporadic spread in other parts of the City is of small-scale types of operation. The 1963 ordinance permitted residential and commercial uses within the industrial zones. This led to gradual transformation of the industrial zones towards residential use. In the 1981 Metro Manila Zoning Ordinance (MMC *1-01) only 960 hectares were retained as industrial zones in Quezon City. The largest area reclassified to residential use was in the Novaliches District. This 1981 ordinance likewise disallowed heavy industries to locate in Metro Manila effectively restraining expansion of this sector with the shifting of investors preference to the fast growing industrial parks of Laguna and Cavite. Nevertheless, the potential for industrial growth particularly in the Balintawak and Novaliches districts remains consistent with the prospects of several major road projects that would increase links to the sea ports and to the North Luzon agro-industrial and economic centers like the Subic Freeport and Clark Economic Zone. Most likely the future spread would be westwards thru consolidation with neighboring industrial zones and the activities less hazardous to the environment with continuing advancement of production technologies. (Refer to GP-10).
Figure GP-10 Growth of Industrial Areas, Quezon City: 1972-2008
QUEZON QUEZON CITY CITY
2008 2008 770 hashas 104.4

(4.78%) (6.48%)
1995 1995 708 has 472 has

(4.40%) (2.93%)
1985 1985 676 has 403 has

(5.14%) (3.10%)
1972 1972 274 has 142 has

(2.10%) (1.10%)
24
2.5.4 Institutional Development

Institutional areas in 1972, constituted 3.41% of the citys urban area, concentrated mostly in Districts I, II, and IV particularly along East Avenue and the Elliptical Road. These are national agencies (LTO, SSS, BIR, DA, DAR) and medical institutions (Heart Center, East Avenue Medical Center) including the Quezon City Hall Complex that have already been established since then. The large tracks of land occupied by major universities/colleges like the University of the Philippines, Ateneo de Manila University and Miriam College also form part of the traditional institutional zone. With the rapid increase of the citys population resulting in the growth of residential communities, more and more institutional buildings such as primary and secondary schools, both public and private and health facilities emerged, specifically in District II or in the northern portion of the city. Institutional uses therefore in 1985 comprised about 5.06% of the citys urban area and slightly increased to 5.76% in 1995. The National Government Center (NGC) site, one of the major institutional zones located in the same district was however reduced in size with the declaration of 150 hectares (Westside) as Socialized Housing Site (Proclamation No, 134). With only about 300 hectares left, the area of NGC at the eastside NGC is further expected to decrease with the implementation of the proposed mixed use development. Now situated in the NGC are the Philippine Congress, Civil Service Commission, Department of Social Welfare and Development, Commission on Audit and the Sandigan Bayan. Adding to the inventory of institutional areas are those occupied by at least 491 public and private schools offering different levels of education (preparatory, elementary, and secondary levels), 87 colleges/universities including vocational and technical schools, 61 public and private hospitals, 60 health centers, 125 churches and chapels and about 64 government offices/agencies.
2.5.5 Parks and Open Spaces

To date, the city has 554 existing neighborhood parks aggregating to some 226.06 hectares or approximately 1.40% of the Citys urban land area of 13, 5342.71 hectares. These pocket size parks are primarily subdivision open spaces intended for park functions which have been turned over to the City Government by subdivision developers or owners and homeowners associations. As to major parks, the City boasts of the Quezon Memorial Circle and the Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife, totaling to 42.29 hectares. Too, there are Special Parks which include the La Mesa Watershed (2,569.41 has.), the UP Arboretum (3.57 has.), and the recreational greens like the Capitol Golf and Country Club (check name), the QC Sports Complex, the Veterans Memorial Hospital and the Aguinaldo Golf Course. Though these may be added to the physical inventory, these cannot be fully considered as City Parks due to their limited accessibility to the populace. (Refer to Table GP-5)
25
Table GP-5 Quezon City Comparative Actual Land Use, Quezon City: 1972-2008
Land Use
1972 (Has)
% Share
1985 (Has)
% Share
1972-85 Inc/Dec
1995 (Has)
% Share
1985-95 Inc/Dec
2008 (Has)
% Share
1995-08 Inc/Dec
3383.04
21.00
5597.23
34.74
2214.19
5649.50
35.06
52.27
5804.21
36.02
2.74
Commercial Industrial
142.29
0.88
403.11
2.50
260.82
471.60
2.93
68.49
1044.24
6.48
121.43
274.36
1.70
676.71
4.20
402.35
708.22
4.40
31.51
770.32
4.78
8.77
549.00
3.41
815.85
5.06
265.86
820.08
5.09
4.23
1201.21
7.46
46.47
Open Space
181.94
1.13
157.16
0.98
-24.78
157.27
0.98
0.11
226.06
1.40
43.74
81.94
0.51
153.29
0.95
71.35
148.44
0.92
-4.85
147.24
0.91
-0.81
Cemetery Military Vacant Total Urban Area Total Reservoir
44.09
0.27
63.31
0.39
19.22
61.74
0.38
-1.57
66.81
0.41
8.21
225.18
1.40
225.09
1.40
-0.09
225.57
1.40
0.48
222.02
1.38
-1.57
8655.31
53.72
5466.39
33.80
-3208.92
5295.72
32.87
-150.67
4060.59
25.20
-23.32
13538.14
84.02
13538.14
84.02
13538.14
84.02
13542.71
84.39
0.03
2574.41
15.98
2574.41
15.98
2574.41
15.98
2569.84
15.61
-0.18
Total
16112.55
100
16112.55
100
16112.55
100
16112.55
100
Source: Quezon City Actual Land Use Survey
26
2.6 Service Utilities

2.6.1 Water Supply
Figure GP-11: Water Supply Map
Like the rest of Metro Manila, Quezon City gets its water from the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS) through its private distribution concessionaires: Maynilad Water Services, Inc. (MWSI) and Manila Water Co. (MWC). The west half of the city is served by MWSI and the east by MWSI. (Refer to GP11) In terms of service connections, data from MWSI and MWC show a total of 356,794 households served as of December 2008. MWSI shares a total of water service connection of 218,817 or 61.33% while MWC has water service connection of about 137,977 or 38.67%. Total Domestic users account for 319,733 or 89.61% connections, semi commercial consumers at 13,748 or 3.85 %, commercial users are 20,440 or 5.73 % and industrial users at 2,873 or 0.81% water service connections. (Refer to Table GP-6)
Reservoir MWSI
MWC
Table GP- 6 Water Service Connection, Quezon City; 2008
Consumer Type
No. of Customers MWSI

199,093
MWC
120,640 5,444 11,374 519 137,977
Total
319,733 13,748 20,440 2,873 356,794
Percentage
89.61 3.85 5.73 0.81 100
Semi-Business Commercial Industrial Total
8,304 9,066 2,354 218,817
Source: Maynilad Water Services/Manila Water Company
A total amount of 15,600,219 cu. meters of water is sold per month in the city, of which 10,613,015 or 68% are billed volume of residential users followed by commercial users at 3,692,092 or 24%, semi business at 951,174 or 6% and industrial users at 343,938 or 2%. Amount of water sold by MWSI per month is 6,685,289 cubic meters or 42.85% while MWC has a total of 8,914,930 cubic meters or 57.15%. (Refer to Table GP-7).
27
Chapter 2 Geophysical Profile Table GP-7 Billed Volume, Quezon City: 2008 (Amt. of Water Sold per month, in cu. meters)
Consumer Type
MWSI
5,321,155
MWC
5,291,860 535,320 110,820 8,914,930 8,914,930
Total
10,613,015 951,174 3,692,092 343,938 15,600,219
Percentage
68.00 6.00 24.00 2.00 100
415,854 715,162 233,118 6,685,289
Source: Maynilad Water Services/Manila Water Company
The data also showed that the city consumed an average of 43.7 cu. meters per service connection per month. Commercial users were the biggest consumers at 180.6 cu. Meters followed by industrial with 119.7 cu. meters, semi business at 69.2 cu. meters and domestic users 33.2 cu. meters. (Refer to Table GP- 8). Table GP-8 Monthly Average Consumption per Service Connection*, Quezon City: 2008
Consumer Type
MWSI (in cu. m.)

26.7
MWC (in cu. m.)

43.9 98.3 261.7 213.5 64.6
Total
33.2 69.2 180.6 119.7 43.7
50.1 78.9 99.0 30.6
*computed as Billed Volume /Water Service Connection Source: Maynilad Water Services/Manila Water Company
2.6.2 Power Supply

As of 2007, the total number of MERALCO customers is 493,286 of which 444,720 metered connections or 90.15% are residential, 46,948 or 9.51% are commercial, 1,190 or 0.24% are industrial and 429 or 0.10% are for streetlights. (Refer to Table GP- 9).
Table GP-9 MERALCO Customers by Use, Quezon City; 2007
Customer Type
Number of Customers
444,720
Percentage
90.15 9.51 0.24 0.10 100
Commercial Industrial Streetlight Total

Source: MERALCO
46,948 1,190 429 493,286
28
For the same year, the City recorded a total monthly average consumption of 294,069,726 kwh, of which 109,673,563 or 37.30% are for residential, 134,737,806 kwh or 45.82% are for commercial, 47,442,309 kwh or 16.13 % are for industrial and 2,216,048 kwh or 0.75 % are for streetlights. (Refer to Table GP-10) Table GP-10 Monthly Average Kilowatt Hour Consumption by Use, Quezon City; 2007
Customer Type
109,673,563 Commercial Industrial Streetlight Total
Source: MERALCO
Percentage
37.30 45.82 16.13 0.75 100
134,737,806 47,442,309 2,216,048 294,069,726
2.6.3 Communication
With the liberalization of the telecommunication industry, more firms are now offering telephone services in the city. As of December 2006, there are five (5) telephone companies that provide telephone services in the city. (Refer to Table GP-11)
Table GP-11 Telephone Service Providers, Quezon City; 2006
Telephone Company
PLDT Bayantel Digitel
Installed lines
323,782 243,840 4,744 1,500
Subscribed Lines
221,103 134,190 1,139 34 950
Source: National Telecommunications Commission
Cellular mobile phones are offered by Bayantel and Digitel while paging system is provided by Multimedia, Phil. Wireless, Inc. and Radio Marine. Broadband services are now available through Bayantel, Digitel, Primeworld and Radio Marine. Telegraph and Telex services are provided by PT&T while postal services are provided primarily by the QC Central Post Office. The city has 10 post offices and 9 private postal stations distributed citywide. Other services include mail and parcel delivery, money order, domestic and inter29
national express mails and PO Box leasing. The city is also abreast with modern information technology with the entry of internet service providers. In the broadcast media, in 2006 the city is home base to eleven (11) local television networks and six (6) cable TV, seven (7) AM radio stations, and four (4) FM radio stations. All major newspapers and magazines and publications are easily available even in the remotest corners of the city.
2.7 Transportation and Communication

2.7.1 Road Network
The City has a total road kilometerage of 2,095.52 kilometers. The present roadto-land area ratio is 15.55 km/100 hectares. There has been a 24.51 % increase from the 1995 road-to-land area ratio of 12.49 kms/100 hectares. This is most significant in District II where much of the new land development activities had taken place. A total of 740 km. of new roads has been added in District II during the 12-year period compared to only 193 km. of total new roads in the already developed Districts I, III and IV. (Refer to Table GP-12) Of the total new roads constructed from 1995 to 2007 however, only 2.54 km. (0.62 %) were primary arterial roads. These were the extension of Mindanao Avenue and Katipunan Avenue Ext. at Bgy. Nagkaisang Nayon; 92.65 km. or 22.59 % were secondary roads which serve primarily as traffic collector roads and the rest 314.93 km. (76.79 %) are tertiary or distributor roads which are basically used as access to properties.
Table GP-12 Road Kilometerage and Road-to-Land Area Ratio Per District, Quezon City: 1995 and 2007
1995 District
1 2 3 4 TOTAL
2007 Km.
317.30 1,144.82 301.65 331.75 2,095.52
Increase / Decrease Km.

28.30 312.82 38.65 32.75 412.52
Area (Has.)
1955 6917* 2237 2364 13,473
Km.
289.00 832.00 263.00 299.00 1,683.00
(per 100 ha.)

14.78 12.03 11.76 12.65 12.49
(per 100 ha.)

16.23 16.55 13.48 14.03 15.55
(per 100 ha.)

1.45 4.52 1.73 1.39 3.06
Source: City Planning & Development Office
30
Figure GP-12 Road Network Development
More significantly, the increase in road to land ratio opened roughly 440 hectares of once idle lands for various urban functions, mostly residential. From about 640 hectares of inaccessible land in 1995, the area of idle lands has been reduced to 200 hectares at present. (Refer to Table GP-12).
In terms of road-to-land ratios, it is seen that District II has a deficit both in primary and secondary road kilometerage. For primary roads, the deficit translates to 0.15 km. of new roads to attain the minimum 1 km. per 100 hectares. Similarly, 1.70 km. of secondary roads need to be added to the network to reach the standard of 2 km. per 100 hectares. (Refer to Table GP-13).
Table GP-13 Road-to-Land Area Ratio Per Category Per District, Quezon City: 2007
Category Primary Std 1 km/100 has. District
1 2 3 4 Total
Secondary Std 2 km/100 has. Kms Actual

100.70 248.84 67.81 88.73 506.08 5.13 3.50 3.03 3.76 3.76
Area (has.)
1,961.58 7,105.38* 2,238.48 2,360.70 13,666.14
Kms Actual
33.89 60.36 20.66 41.61 156.52 1.73 0.85 0.92 1.76 1.15
Excess
0.73 -.15 -.08 0.76 0.15
Excess
3.13 1.50 1.03 1.76 1.70
31
Of the total kilometerage of 2,095.51 km., 215.38 km. or 10.28% are classified as national roads, 834.83 kms. or 39.84% city roads, 1045.30 kms. or 49.88% are privately-owned roads. The DPWH maintains the national roads while the City Engineers Office takes care of city roads. Maintenance and improvement of private roads are the responsibility of their respective owners, developers or homeowners associations.
Table GP-14 Road Category and Classification, Quezon City: 2007

Type Primary
150.85 City Road Private Road 2.89 2.78 156.52
Secondary
52.59 254.58 124.23 431.40 11.94 577.36 709.82 1299.12
Service
Total
215.38 834.83
208.47 208.47
1045.30 2095.51
As to road pattern, roads in the southern part of the city depict a dominantly regular grid pattern in contrast to an irregular lay-out in the northern portion where loops, dead-ends and non-interconnection is preponderant. This can be attributed to the concentration of small sized subdivisions in the northern area and the obvious lack of a general plan that could have guided the lay-out of their roads in these subdivisions.
2.7.2 Traffic Volume

Based on traffic count of MMDA-TOC in 2006, EDSA is the most traveled thoroughfare in the City with average of 170,246 vehicles per day (vpd) volume. Katipunan Avenue registered second with an average vpd of 104,992. Another highly traveled section of the network is that at PHILCOA from QMC to UP Avenue where the reading is at 203,306 vpd.
32
2.7.3 Traffic Prone Areas

The deficiency in primary and secondary roads in several parts of the city is evident with the prevalent heavy traffic along the few existing thoroughfares and the frequent occurrence of congestion at major intersections.
Figure GP-13 Traffic Prone Areas
10
9 8 1 2 7 6 4 12 11 3 5
Choke Points
14 13
Table GP-15 Traffic Prone Areas, Quezon City: 2007
Along EDSA Balintawak Cloverleaf At corner Roosevelt and Congressional At corner North and West Avenue Cubao Area Along Quezon Avenue no diversion route At corner EDSA At corner G. Araneta Avenue At corner Roosevelt Avenue Along Quirino Highway At corner Tandang Sora At corner Old Sauyo Road At corner Gen. Luis St. Along Tandang Sora Avenue Along Boni Serrano Avenue
Narrow carriage-way of Tandang Sora Ave.; route of industrial transport
33
2.7.4 Mode of Transport

Available modes of transport in Quezon City are purely land-based. The 2006 data of the MMDA-Traffic Operation Center revealed that private transport dominates with 82.49% of the total volume while public utility vehicles (i.e., buses, jeepneys and taxis) comprise 13.72% and industrial/commercial vehicles (i.e., trucks, vans) at 3.79%. In terms of passenger volume however, public transport modes (buses, jeepneys, taxis) were estimated to carry as much as or 71% while only 29% are on private conveyances. Furthermore, 57% of public commuters ride jeepneys, 38% are in buses 5% use the taxi. The Light Rail Transit (LRT) Line 3 (EDSA), on the other hand, carries as many as 800,000 passengers per day while the LRT Line 2 (Aurora) carries 30,000 passengers per day. Public buses ply the six (6) major thoroughfares in the city namely: EDSA, Commonwealth Avenue, Quirino Highway, General Luis Avenue, Quezon Avenue, and Aurora Boulevard while jeepneys service most other main roads as well as some 50 registered bus routes. Tricycles, on the other hand, are confined to the inner areas and communities. Data from the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory (LTFRB) show that, as of 2007, there are 3,400 units of public utility buses and 3,474 public utility jeeps. Meanwhile, January 2007 data from Tricycle Regulatory Unit (TRU) recorded 24,222 registered tricycle units plying the 149 Tricycle Operators and Drivers Association (TODA) areas in the city.
On-going Programs/Projects
PROGRAM/ PROJECT TITLE
Metro Manila Outer Major Roads Project (Northern Package) Metro Manila Urban Transport Development Plan track design and light rail-guided transport system for physical viability, Among the proposed LRT lines that will traverse QC are: LRT 3 (EDSA Extn). LRT 4 (Quezon Ave.), LRT 7 (Commonwealth Ave.) and LRT 5 (Araneta Ave.) Mindanao Ave., Visayas Ave., C-6 and Q.C.- Norzagaray Alignment A mass transit development program for Metro Manila to cope with DOTC
DESCRIPTION/OBJECTIVE
LEAD AGENCY
DPWH-URPO
34
35
36
The Demographic and Social Development Profile discusses sub-sectors on Population, the status of well-being which includes Health, Education, Social Welfare Services, Housing, Sports and Recreation, Protective Services and Culture.
3.1 Demography
3.1.1 Population Size and Growth Rate
Population Size Official census results of the National Statistics Office (NSO) in 2007 show that the city has a population of 2,679,450, an increase of 505,619 persons or 23.26% over the 2000 population of 2,173,831. The citys population is the largest comprising nearly one-fourth (23.19%) of Metro Manilas population of 11,553,427. This is followed by the City of Manila (1.65M) and Caloocan City with 1.38M. Quezon City contributes 3.03% of the 88.5M Philippine population. The city also ranks third among the cities with the largest population in the country. (Refer to Fig. DS-1)
Figure DS-1 Distribution of Population; Metro Manila 2007
(1.93M) 18%
Quezon City (2.68M) 23%
(.45M)
4%
(.51M) 4% Las Pinas (.53M) 5% Paranaque (.55M) 5% Valenzuela (.57M) 5% Taguig (.61M) Caloocan (1.38M) 12% Manila (1.66M) 14%
5%
Pasig (.62M)
5%
Growth Rate For the period 2000-2007, the city registered an annual population growth rate of 2.92%, higher than the NCRs rate of 2.11% as well as the national growth rate of 2.04% (See Fig. DS-2). At the current growth rate, Quezon Citys population is expected to double in a span of 24 years.
Figure DS-2 Annual Population Growth Rate in Various Census Periods
4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 1980 1990 1995 2000 2007 1.56 2.35 2.32 2.75 2.616 4.03 3.64 3.6 3.3 2.34 1.92 1.06 2.92 2.11 2.04
Quezon City NCR Phil.
Source : National Statistics Office
37
Chapter 3 Demographic Profile and Social Development
3.1.2 Population Size and Growth Rate by District

Among the citys four (4) districts, District II remains to have the largest population with 1,559,641 representing more than half (58.21%) of the citys total population. Next are District IV and District I with 15.63% and 14.99% shares, respectively. District III has the lowest share in the citys total population with 11.17%. In terms of population growth rate District II is also the fastest with 4.12% while District I is the slowest. (Refer to Table DS-1)
Table DS-1 Population Distribution by District; Quezon City: 2007
District
Percent
Annual Growth Rate
I II III IV Total
Source: National Statistics Office
401,705 1,559,641 299,217 418,887 2,679,450
14.99 58.21 11.17 15.63 100.00
1.00 4.12 1.37 1.90 2.92
3.1.3 Barangay Population and Growth Rate

At the barangay level, Bgy. Commonwealth in District II remains to be the most populated with 172,834 or 43.35% increase from 120,569 persons in 2000 census. The next are barangays Batasan Hills, Payatas and Holy Spirit all in District II. On the other hand Bgy. Mangga in District III is the least populated with only 634 persons. While Bgy. Commonwealth was noted to be the largest in population count, the fastest in growth rate is Bgy. Bagong Silangan with an annual growth rate of 11.94%. Its 2000 population of 32,497 more than doubled in a span of 7 years with 73,612 in 2007. Bgys. Sauyo and North Fairview followed next with 11.85% and 11.62% respectively.
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3.1.4 Population Density

In 2000, population density was 134.92 persons per hectare and in 2007, it increased to 166.30 persons per hectare. It is projected to be 240.31 persons per hectare in the year 2017. Population was relatively dispersed and unevenly distributed in the four district of the city. District II emerged as the most congested district with a density of 219.50 persons per hectare, followed by District I with 204.79 and District IV with 177.94 persons per hectare. The least densed district is District III at 133.67 persons per hectare which is attributed to the presence of first class residential subdivisions in the area such as the La Vista, White Plains, Corinthians, Blue Ridge, Green meadows, St. Ignatius etc. (See Table DS-2 & DS-3)
Table DS-2 Population Density Quezon City, Metro Manila and the Philippines (persons per hectare) : 2000, 2007
Area
Land Area (km)

161.112 636.000 300,000.00
2000
2007
2017
Quezon City Metro Manila Philippines

134.92 156.17 2.55
166.30 181.66 2.95
240.31 223.84 3.61
Table DS-3 Population Size and Density per District Quezon City: 2000, 200
Area
Area (Has)
2000 popn
373,712 1,163,537 271,172 365,410
Density
2007 Popn
401,705 1,559,641 299,217 418,887
Density
2017 Popn
457,845 2,537,342 350,208 526,694
Density
I II III IV Reservoir Total
1,961.5820 7,105.3800 2,238.4810 2,360.7030 2,446.4160 16,112.5620
190.52 163.75 121.14 154.79
204.79 219.50 133.67 177.44
233.41 357.10 156.45 223.11
2,173,831
134.92
2,679,450
166.30
3,872,089
240.31
Source : National Statistics Office
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3.1.5 Natural Increase in Population

Increase in population is attributed to net natural increase and in-migration. Natural increase is computed as total live births less total deaths. For the period 2000-2007 the total population increase in the city is 505,619. Based on the recorded data on the total number of births and deaths in the city, the natural increase in the population constitutes 225,363 or 44.57%. It is presumed therefore that more than half (55.43%) or 280,256 of the population increase may be brought about by migration. (See Table DS-4)
Table DS-4 Yearly Natural Increase of Population; Quezon City: 2001-2007
Total Yearly Year Increase Births
Total Deaths
Yearly Natural Increase (Births-deaths)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 TOTAL Percentage
2,173,831 2,225,922 2,282,980 2,345,303 2,413,221 2,487,098 2,567,338 2,679,450 52,091 57,058 62,323 67,918 73,877 80,240 112,112 505,619 100.00 36,343 38,810 45,826 45,534 38,243 37,887 42,139 8,842 9,496 9,566 10,414 10,638 11,103 10,762 27,501 29,314 26,260 56,522 27,605 26,784 31,377 225,363 44.57 24,590 27,744 36,063 11,396 46,272 53,456 80,735 280,256 55.43
Source: National Statistics Office, Quezon City Health Department
The NCR development plan stated that migrants came from Central Luzon and Southern Tagalog, mostly falling within 15-34 years old. Based on their age bracket, said migrants are either job seekers or those people who want to avail of the citys various educational facilities. Continuous migration of families in the city may be attributed to the citys a\easy access routes. The city is traversed by major roads such as C-3, C-4, C-5 and other radial roads and it is considered as the gateway of the Metropolitan Manila via North Luzon expressway. Another factor that contributed to the influx of migrants in the city is the availability of undeveloped land areas suitable for residential purposes particularly in the northern portion.
Noted growing number of migrants are the Muslims who came in to the city as a result of peace and order problem in Mindanao. Data from the Quezon City Muslim Consultative Council shows that in 2005, there were 48, 718 estimated Muslim population in the city who are also members of thirty (30) Muslim organizations. They represent 17.00% if the 280,256 presumed city migrants. Out of the twelve (12) Muslim ethnic groups in the Philippines, six (6) are in the city consisting of the Maranaos, Tausog, Maguindanao, Iranon, Yakan, and Sama Groups. Majority or 97.31% are residents of District II, particularly those at the Salam Compound located along Tandang Sora, Bgy. Culiat.
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Household Size In 2007, the average household size in the city is 4.50 members which is almost the same as in year 2000. This is composed, more or less, of a couple with 2 or 3 children or other members of the household. It is slightly lower compared to Metro Manilas average household size of 4.6 members. At the district level, District II has the highest household size with 4.58 members while three (3) other districts are below the citys average household size. District 1 has 4.44, District III with 4.47, and District IV has 4.29 members.
3.1.6 Age and Sex Composition

The population of the city is generally young with an average age of 24 years. Female comprise 51.34% while male comprise 48.66% (See Fig.DS-3). Based on the 2007 disaggregated data by NSO, the estimated 2007 child and youth population alone (0-24 years old) constituted more than half (51.02%) or 1,361,030 of the total population. About 60,058 (2.25%) belong to 0- to 11-month or infant population, 226,180 (8.48%) to the 1 to 4-year old child population and 395,031 (14.81%) to the 0- to 6-year old population. Males outnumbered females in the youngest age groups (below 15 years old). However, females dominated the males in the rest of the age groups (15 years old and over). A young population is viewed on the one hand, as an asset because it implies more human resources and a liability, on the other, because more services will be needed to serve this sector. The total labor force or working age population (15 to 64 years old) in 2007 is 1,776,627 or 66.61% of the total population, 47.83% of whom are male and 52.17% are female. There is 5.01% or 133,528 persons comprising the 60-year old and over population, with the elderly female population making up 58.48% higher than 41.52% elderly male.
Figure DS-3 Population by Sex and Age Classification: Quezon City 2007 85 & OVER 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 1-4 UNDER 1
4,533 5,405 9,345 14,182 21,989 36,000 51,803 65,111 78,107 97,544 108,730 130,387 133,531 126,480 126,305 140,318 117,023 31,082
9,503 8,829 13,962 19,306 26,474 39,411 57,389 70,388 83,647 100,159 112,386 141,752 151,778 143,561 121,154 131,665 109,157 28,976
Female Male
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Dependency ratio in 2007 was computed to be 50 dependents per 100 persons in the working age (15-64 years old) population. Sex dependency ratio shows that there is an equal distribution of male and female dependents. Young dependency ratio on the other hand is higher (45 dependents) than the elderly (5 dependents).
Female populace in 2007 was 1,369,497 of which 58.68% or 803,671 are of reproductive ages (15-49 yrs old). The number of women in the reproductive age is an important population indicator since it signifies increased birth rates in the future. The 2003-2007 average annual fertility rate or the number of births per 1,000 women of childbearing age was registered at 71.
3.1.7 Population Distribution by Marital Status, Religion, Language Spoken, and Ethnicity
In 2000, out of the total of 1,669,563 population aged 10 years old and over, single population constituted 42.15% and married comprised 46.22%. About 4.90% were either widowed, separated/ divorced. There are more single females than males but there are more married males than females. On the other hand, female solo parents or those widowed, divorced/separated outnumbered the male ones. (Refer to Table DS-5)
Table DS-5 Household Population 10 years old and over by Marital Status, Quezon City : 2000
Marital Status
Single Single
Married Married Widowed Widowed Divorced/Separated Divorced/Separated Common Law/ Live-in Common Law/Live-in Unknown Unknown Total Total
Total
956,868 703,726
772,615 886,461 58,227 75,773 23,557 37,163 88,971 141,520 22,469 11,366 1,669,563 2,109,151
%
45.37 42.15
46.28 42.03 3.49 3.59 1.41 1.76 5.33 6.71 1.35 .54 100 100.00
Male
471,782 341,501
389,917 437,487 11,565 13,859 6,806 11,463 45,458 69,951 10,613 4,910 805,857 1,009,452
%
49.30 48.53
50.47 49.35 19.86 18.29 28.89 30.85 51.09 49.43 47.23 43.20 48.27 47.86
Female
485,086 362,225
382,701 448,974 46,662 61,914 16,749 25,700 43,513 71,569 11,856 6,456 863,706 1,099,699
%
50.70 51.47
49.53 50.65 80.14 81.71 71.11 69.15 48.91 50.57 52.77 56.80 51.73 52.14
Source: National Statistics Office (NSO): 2000
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The predominant religion in the city is Roman Catholic (87.90%), followed by Iglesia Ni Cristo (3.64%), and Born Again Christians (1.07%). (See Table DS-6).
Table DS-6 Household Population by Sex and by Religion, QC : 2000
Religious
Roman Catholic Iglesia Ni Cristo
Total
1,904,222 78,924 23,229
%
87.90 3.64 1.07 1.83 3.77 1.73 0.06 100
Male
933,022 39,607 11,955 18,549 37,374 18,391 603 1,059,501
%
49.00 50.18 51.47 46.93 45.75 49.05 49.30 48.91
Female
971,200 39,317 11,274 20,979 44,323 19,106 620 1,106,819
%
51.00 49.82 48.53 53.07 54.25 50.95 50.70 51.09
Protestants/Methodist/ Others Unknown None Total
39,528 81,697 37,497 1,223 2,166,320
Source: National Statistics Office (NSO)
Tagalog is the most commonly used dialect spoken by 65.36% of the population. The rest are Ilocanos (5.18%), Bicolanos (5.00%), Bisaya (4.35%), Cebuanos (3.17%) and others.
Table DS-7 Household Population by Ethnicity and Sex, Quezon City : 2000
Ethnicity
Tagalog Ilocano Cebuano Bicol Bisaya/ Binisaya Others Not reported Total
Total
1,415,874 112,258 68,573 108,293 94,225 279,098 87,999 2,166,320
%
65.36 5.18 3.17 5.00 4.35 12.88 4.06 100
Male
699,385 54,581 31,774 53,842 43,560 135,160 42,746 1,061,048
%
49.40 48.62 46.34 49.72 46.23 48.43 48.58 48.98
Female
716,489 57,677 36,799 54,451 50,665 143,938 45,253 1,105,272
%
50.60 51.38 53.66 50.28 53.77 51.57 51.42 51.02
Source: National Statistics Office (NSO): 2000
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3.2 Status of Well-Being

3.2.1 Health Status
Table DS-8 Summary of Vital Health Statistics, Quezon City 2003-2007
2003 No.
Live Birth Death Neo-Natal Death Infant Death Maternal Death 45,826 9,566 534 822 23
2004 No.
45,534 10,414 605 960 30
2005 No.
38,243 10,638 571 935 33
2006 No.
37,887 11,103 500 875 21
2007 No.
42,139 10,762 432 908 30
Rate
19.94 4.16 11.65 17.94 0.50 80.00
Rate
19.41 4.44 13.29 21.00 0.66 78.00
Rate
16.00 4.45 14.93 24.44 0.86 64.24
Rate
15.24 4.55 13.19 3.00 0.55 63.00
Rate
17.00 4.33 10.00 22.00 0.71 68.00
Child Death
246
0.99
222
0.88
261
1.01
244
0.93
217
0.81
Source: Quezon City Health Department
Maternal Health Ensuring good health of the mother and child starts from conception and sustained after birth delivery. Maternal care for safe motherhood should thus be observed and this can be gauged by the quality of prenatal, natal and post natal care and services given to mothers. Early pre-natal check up of pregnant women for the last 5 years increased from 80.02% of the total 64,376 pregnant women in 2003 to 89.55% of the 77,840 target pregnant women in 2007. This is lower compared to Metro Manilas figure of 99.81% pregnant women seen in the early stage of pregnancy. Of the 77,840 pregnant women seen in 2007, only 29% were given complete iron supplementation. This is given to pregnant women to prevent or treat iron deficiency anemia. On the other hand, provision of at least 2 doses of tetanus toxoid immunization was given to 74,192 or 85.00% of the target pregnant women which is higher compared to Metro Manilas 82.00% coverage. Tetanus toxoid is given to pregnant women to prevent tetanus in newborn babies. Birth rate in the city decreased from 19.94 per 1,000 population or 45,826 births in 2003 to 17.00 per 1,000 population or 42,139 births in 2007. There are more female births (52.09%) than male (47.91%). Most of these deliveries (48.31%) were attended by physicians and midwives (38.07%) 0r 86.38% attended by skilled health personnel. However, there are still 13.18% or 5,555 deliveries attended by Hilots and this is higher than the 7.50% birth attendance by hilots in Metro Manila. The deliveries by hilots may be associated with the place of birth since about 32.00% of deliveries were done at home which is also observed to be higher than Metro Manilas 26.2% deliveries at home. (See Figure DS-4) At the district level, district I got the highest percentage (87.10%) of deliveries attended by skilled health personnel, while District III had the lowest with only 78.29%. District II had 83.41% and District IV 84.24% deliveries attended by skilled health personnel.
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Figure DS-4 Births by Place and Attendance, Quezon City and Metro Manila: 2007
Hospitals
60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Lying-in
Home
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Doctor
Midwife
Nurse
Hilot
Source: Quezon City Health Dept., Center for Health & Development, DOH-NCR.
Registered in 2007 are 30 maternal deaths or maternal mortality rate of 0.71 per 1,000 live birth. This connotes that almost one woman dies during childbirth for every 1,000 births. There was an increase of 9 cases over the 21 maternal death in 2006. Maternal mortality rate of 0.71 per 1,000 live births is higher compared to Metro Manilas rate of 0.55 in 2007. Quezon City was noted
to have had higher maternal mortality rate than Metro Manila for the last four (4) years. (See Figure DS-5) Maternal deaths may be attributed to the number of mothers who still deliver their babies through Hilots. Uterine Atony/Postpartum Hemorrhage, Eclampsia/ Pre-eclampsia/HELLP and Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy are the first 3 primary causes of maternal deaths.
Figure DS-5 Trends of Maternal Mortality Rate, per 1,000 L.B.Quezon City & Metro Manila: 2003-2007
1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 0.56 0.58 0.5 0.37 0.65 0.68 0.55 0.55 0.86 0.71
Quezon City NCR
Source: Quezon City Health Department,Center for Health & Development. DOH-NCR
45
Child Health The growth and development of a child depends largely on sustainable and good health condition. Children are more susceptible to the risk of dying if not given enough care and food supplements at the early stage of their lives. Infants 0-11 months should have completed their vaccination against preventable diseases such as Diphtheria, Polio, Tuberculosis, Measles and Hepatitis B. In 2007, fully immunized children (FIC) was 89.00% of the target 74,501 infants 0-11 months old. The figure increased by 2% from the 87.00% FIC coverage in 2006. The 89.00% FIC coverage is also higher compared with the 88.60% in Metro Manila. District II and IV had a high FIC coverage of 97.00% and 95.00% respectively while District I had 89.00% and District II 88.00%. The same number of target infants showed that in 2007 only 23.00% of them were exclusively breastfed up to 6 months which is however lower compared to 71.90% of the 161,743 target in NCR. Low exclusive breastfeeding practices in the city may be attributed to the increasing number of working mothers, health workers not properly trained on breastfeeding counseling and lack of breastfeeding support groups. In the 2007 SubRegional Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (SR-MICS) Quezon City was ranked 24th or at the bottom among other 23 provinces and cities in the country. The SRMICS is a household survey developed by UNICEF to assist the countries in filling gaps from monitoring the situation of children and women. The UNICEF has commissioned the National Statistics Office (NSO) to conduct the survey done sub-nationally to cover only the twenty four (24) 6th Country Programme for Children (CPC-6) areas which include Quezon City. However, in terms of newborns initiated breastfeeding, the city had a high percentage of 80.00% compared with Metro Manilas 70.00% in 2007. District III had the highest percentage with 88.00% followed by District IV, 85.00% while District I and II had only 71.00% and 73.00% respectively.
Nutrition The Operation Timbang conducted in 2007 covered 408,052 for the pre-schoolers aged 0-6 years. Of this, 378,705 or 92.81% were normal, 19,210 or 4.71% were considered below normal/moderate (51.68% male, 48.32% female) and the very low/severely malnourished pre-schoolers constitute 2,336 or 0.57% (44.48% male, 55.52% female). The above normal/ overweight recorded 1.91% share. Only 24.96% (583) of the severely malnourished children were given Iron supplementation. (See Fig. DS-6)
Distribution of Children Weighed (Pre-Schoolers 0-6 yrs.old) Quezon City : 200
0.57% 1.91%
7,801 (Above Normal) 2,336 (Very Low)
4.41%
19,210 (Below Normal)
378,705 (Normal)
92.81%
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For the last five (5) years ((2003-2007) the number of children who weighed very low and below normal registered at a generally decreasing trend from 9.57% in 2003 to 5.28% in 2007. The incidence of malnutrition in the city however, is higher compared to only 4.14% of Metro Manila. Among the 16 cities and 1 municipality in the NCR, the city ranks 3rd in the prevalence of malnutrition. At the district level, district II had the highest prevalence of malnutrition at 6.30%. Other districts got a lower prevalence malnutrition rate of 4.20% in District I and 4.00% for both District III and IV. (Refer to Table DS-8)
Table DS-8 Percent and Total Distribution of Weighed Pre-Schoolers (0-6 yrs. old) Quezon City: 2003-2007
2004 No.
Very Low Below Normal Normal Above Normal 3,513 32,052 308,296 27,794 Elig. No. 402,230 371,665
Source : Quezon City Health Department
2005 No.
2,972 22,456 348,690 9,676 Elig. No. 93 418,372 383,797 92
2006 No.
2,316 19,752 373,026 9,504 Elig. No. 426,400 404,598 95
2007 No.
2,336 19,210 378,705 7,801 Elig. No. 434,592 408,052 94 1.91
Rate
0.95 8.62 83 7.48
No.
2,557 23,002 333,965 20,925 Elig. No.
Rate
0.67 6.04 87.7 5.5
Rate
0.77 5.85 90.7 2.52
Rate
0.6 4.88 92.2 2.34
Rate
0.57 4.71 92.81
92
410,487 380,449
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In managing birth rate, family planning methods and contraceptives are used. In 2007 the number of new family planning acceptors was 47,402, an increase of 12.58% over the 2006 family planning new acceptors of 42,106. For the current users the contraceptive prevalence rate for 2007 was registered at 26.10%, lower compared to (39.23%) in 2006. The decrease in the number of family planning users may be attributed to the delay in the procurement of contraceptives by the government and the hesitance of some previous users due to opposition by the Roman Catholic hierarchy to the reproductive health program, family planning and population related initiatives. Pills remain to be the most commonly used contraceptive with 24,972 or 32.10% of the total current users followed by tubal ligation. (Refer to Table DS-9)
Table DS-9 Family Planning Users By Method of Contraceptives; Quezon City : 2006-2007
New Acceptors Methods

LAM PILLS DMPA CONDOM NFP IUD BTL VASECTOMY TOTAL
Current Users 2006

13,923 42,724 16,320 14,054 1,965 8,919 1,600 80 99,585
2006
16,268 12,296 7,115 4,265 994 985 69 54 42,106
2007
19,330 15,056 6,363 5,198 532 886 11 26 47,402
2007
11,926 24,972 9,204 7,599 300 7,925 1353 49 63,328
2006
13,923 42,724 16,320 14,054 1,965 8,919 16,264 539 114,708 292,388 39.23%
2007
11,926 24,972 9,204 7,599 300 7,925 15,492 375 77,793 298,006 26.10%
Future couples (19 yrs. old and below) in 2000 was 902,646 representing 41.52% of the 2000 population of 2,173,831. It increased by 41,572 persons or 4.83% from the 861,074 population 19 yrs. old and below in 1995. The increasing number of future couples therefore has great impact on the growth of population.
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Mortality The primary indicator of mortality is the crude death rate. This indicator refers to the number of deaths per 1,000 population in a given year. In the last five (5) years (2003-2007), crude death rate for all ages showed a generally increasing trend, from 4.16 per 1,000 population in 2003 to 4.55 per 1,000 population in 2006 and slightly declined to 4.33 in 2007 (See Table S-6). The 10,762 deaths in 2007 show that male death rate is higher (58%) than females (42%). Among the causes of deaths, Acute Myocardial Infarction/Ischemic Heart Disease remains the top for all ages in the city with 1,333 deaths, followed by Bronchopneumonia/Pneumonia/Pneumonia and Cancer (all forms) with 1,329 and 1,105 respectively.
Table DS-10 Leading Causes of Death (All Ages), Quezon City: 2007
Causes of Death
Number
1,333
Rate (per 100,000

54.00 53.51 44.00 43.00 24.00 22.00 20.00 15.00 12.00 8.00
Bronchopneumonia/Pneumonia Cancer (all forms) HCVD/Hypertension ASHD/Atherosclerosis/CAD CVA/Bleed/Infarct Pulmonary Tuberculosis Diabetes Mellitus Sepsis/Sepsis Neonatorum Prematurity Source : Quezon City Health Department
1,329 1,105 1,065 601 546 488 372 290 199
During the period 2003-2005 infant mortality rate increased from 17.94 to 24.44 per 1,000 live births but decreased to 23.00 in 2006 and 22.00 per 1,000 live births in 2007. This is again higher compared to Met-
ro Manilas infant mortality rate of 20.50 per 1,000 live births. (See Fig. DS-7). Of the 908 cases of infant deaths in 2007, there were more males (61%) than females (39%).
Figure DS-7 Trends of Infant Mortality Rate (Per 1,000 live births) Quezon City and Metro Manila : 2003-2007
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 18.4 17.94 24.44 21 16.4 17 23 21.7 22 20.5
Quezon City NCR
Source: Quezon City Health Department; Center for Health & Development. DOH-NCR
49
The leading causes of infant mortality are Prematurity, Broncho-pneumonia/Neonatal Pneumonia, and Neonatal Sepsis/Sepsis. Other causes include Uteroplacental Insufficiency, Fetal Asphyxia/ Asphyxia Neonatal/Anoxia, Congenital Heart Disease, Aspiration Pneumonia Intrauterine Fetal Death, Meconium Aspiration Syndrome and Hyaline Membrane Diseases/Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
Figure DS-8 Number of Infant Death By Type of Causes (Per 1,000 Live Births) Quezon City : 2007
199
200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
Legend
A. Prematurity B. Bronchopneumonia/ Neonatal Pneumonia C. Neonatal Sepsis/Sepsis E. Fetal Asphyxia/Asphyxia Neonatal/Anoxia F. Congenital Heart Disease 69 49 35 27 24 22 21 H. Intrauterine Fetal Death J. Hyaline Membrane Dis./Resp. Distress Syndrome
158 141
Source: Quezon City Health Department
Neo-natal death or under one month of age was reported to be 432 cases or a rate of 10 per 1,000 live births comprising 47.57% of the total infant deaths of the city. Prematurity, Sepsis Neonatorum, Bronchopneumonia are among the leading causes of neo-natal deaths Death among children (1-4 years old) decreased from 0.99 in 2003 to 0.81 per 1,000 population 1-4 years old
in 2007. The under-five mortality rate is lower than NCRs figure of 25.20 deaths per 1,000 population 1-4 years old (See Fig. DS-9). Male children are more vulnerable with 57.00% than female with 43.00%. Bronchopneumonia/Neonatal Pneumonia was consistently recorded as the leading cause of child death for the past five years. This is followed by Cancer and Neonatal Sepsis Acute Gastroenteritis.
Figure DS-9 Trends of Under Five (5) Mortality Rate (per 1,000 1-4 yrs. old) Quezon City & Metro Manila 2003-2007
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0.99 1 0.88 2 1.01 3 0.93 4 0.81 5 24.6 24.7 23.6 28.2 25.2
Quezon City NCR
Source: Quezon City Health Department; Center for Health & Development. DOH-NCR SOCIO ECOLOGICAL PROFILE 2010
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Morbidity In 2007, 404,010 or 16,268 per 100,000 population cases of illness in the city were reported, an increase of 27,091 cases over the 2006 figure of 377,919 or 15,510 per 100,000 population. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI) likewise remained to be the number one cause of morbidity in the last 5 years (2003 to 2007). In 2007, 79,216 URTI cases were reported or a rate of 3,190 per 100,000 population; followed by Acute Gastroenteritis (16,751 cases or 675 per 100,000 population) while Intestinal Parasitism ranked third with 9,989 cases or 402 per 100,000 population. (See Fig. DS-10)
Figure DS-10 Morbidity Rate by Type of Causes (per 100,000 popn.) Quezon City: 2007
3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0
Legend
3,190 A.URTI B.ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS C.INTESTINAL PARASITISM D.BRONCHOPNEUMONIA/PNEUMONIA E.PTB F.URINARY TRACT INFECTION G.BRONCHITIS H.ABRASION/LACERATION I.ABSCESS J.BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
675 402 365 324 252 217 125 116 86 A B C D E F G H I J
Disease of the respiratory system was noted as the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the city, an indicator of a deteriorating environment characterized by pollution, congested living conditions and uncollected garbage.
51
Disease Prevention and Control
Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases The 2007 top ten (10) leading causes of deaths for all ages include Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB). TB case detection rate shows that it went down to 51.00% from 61.00% in 2006. It is also lower against Metro Manilas TB Case detection rate of 73.00%. District II got the lowest case detection rate of 46.50%. Districts I and III had both 53.00% while District IV, 63.00%. TB cure rate on the other hand increased from 81.00% in 2006 to 82.00% in 2007. District III had the highest cure rate of 89.00%. Dengue Cases Deaths due to dengue reported in 2007 numbered 32. This decreased from the 87 cases reported in 2006. Of the 32 dengue deaths in 2007 nine (9) were children 1-4 years old. For both years the rate is higher than the Metro Manilas dengue fatality rate of only 1.00% in 2006 and 0.51% in 2007. The highest dengue death rates were reported in District II with 2.20% fatality rate, and the lowest in District I of only 0.60%. (See Table DS-11)
Table DS-11 Dengue Case Fatality Rate; Quezon City, By Districts and Metro Manila: 2006-2007
2006
Metro Manila Quezon City District I District II District III District IV Source : Quezon City Health Department 1.00 3.79 1.80 5.44 3.00 4.00
2007
0.50 1.60 0.60 2.20 1.72 1.27
52
Access to safe water Households with access to safe water increased from 92.00% in 2006 to 96.00% in 2007. These figures are higher compared with Metro Manilas 80.00%. District IV has 99.00% access to safe water followed by District III 98.00% , District I 91.00% and District II, 90.50%.
Access to Sanitary Toilets Statistics show that households with access to sanitary toilets likewise improved from 92.00% in 2006 to 95.00% in 2007. The rates are also higher than Metro Manilas 80.00% in 2006 and 76.80% in 2007. Districts II and IV had 99.00% of households with access to sanitary toilet, District III with 98.00% and District I, 90.00%. (Refer to Table DS-12)
Table DS-12 Access to Safe Water and Sanitary Toilets; Quezon City, By Districts and Metro Manila : 2006-2007
Access to Safe Water 2006

Metro Manila Quezon City District I District II District III District IV
Access to Sanitary Toilets 2006

80.00 92.00 89.00 97.50 95.00 98.00
2007
79.90 96.00 91.00 90.50 98.00 99.00
2007
76.80 95.00 90.00 99.00 98.00 99.00
80.00 92.00 90.00 86.50 95.00 99.00
3.2.2 Health Facilities/Services

Improved health condition of the city populace depends largely on the effective delivery of basic health services and existence of adequate health facilities and personnel.
53
Health Centers/Super Health Centers The city has a total of sixty (60) Health Centers. Seven (7) are Super health centers and fifty three (53) are regular health centers. Super health centers render 24 hours medical consultation and treatment. The services include pediatrics, internal medicine, obstetrics-gynecology, minor surgery and laboratory examination. It also serves as rehydration clinic for moderate to severely dehydrated diarrhea cases. There are also thirteen (13) sub-health stations. Majority of the health centers/super health centers are certified Sentrong Sigla which means that these facilities have met the standards set by the Department of Health (DOH) in promoting availability of good quality health services to the citys constituents. Most of these health centers/super health centers are in District II numbering 23 regular health centers and 4 super health centers. These Super Health Centers are located at Barangays Novaliches, Batasan Hills , Sta. Lucia & Holy Spirit (Betty Go Belmonte). The three (3) other super health centers are Frisco in District I, Murphy in District III and Kamuning in District IV. Integrated in the citys health centers are two (2) Reproductive Health Clinic or Teens Center (Cubao and Bernardo HCs), three (3) Social Hygiene Clinic (Proj. 7, Batasan and P. Bernardo HCs), two (2) Laboratory Clinic (City Clinic and Novaliches District Center) and seventeen (17) Microscopy health centers (TB-DOTS). Hospitals The city is host to a total of sixty one (61) hospitals, 18 of which are government owned and 43 are privately owned hospitals. Of the total number of hospitals located in the city, 22 are classified as tertiary hospitals or hospitals with metrowide and nationwide service areas and usually have complete service facilities. These types of hospitals are mostly found in District IV. Some of these are offering highly specialized services among which are the Philippine Heart Center for Asia, National Kidney and Transplant Institute, Lung Center of the Philippines and the ultra modern St. Lukes Hospital. Twenty two (22) other hospitals are classified as secondary and 17 are primary hospitals. The two (2) city-owned hospitals, the Quezon City General Hospital (QCGH) and Novaliches District Hospital (NDH) serve as referral centers for the different
health centers and other hospitals and clinics. Since the creation of said hospitals, both have pursued the objective of providing the people, particularly the lowincome residents of the city the best medical care that the city government can afford. The QCGH provides patient treatment, ambulatory and domiciliary care and preventive services and serves as center for training of health workers and allied professions and for advancement of medical services through research. Hospital Bed Capacity The citys combined total bed capacity is 8,699 beds. About 56.37% or 4,904 beds belong to government hospitals while 43.2% or 3,795 beds from the private hospitals. District III recorded the lowest bed capacity with 692 beds in the 6 hospitals. District II, on the other hand, registered 875 beds of the combined 20 hospitals. The hospitals located in District II are classified mostly as secondary health institutions with less than 50 bed capacity. Also, District II has only one (1) public hospital (NDH) that caters to urban poor residents particularly in the northeastern portion of the district. District IV where most of the tertiary and specialized hospitals are found, recorded the most number of hospitals with 2,245 bed capacity. The over-all bed population ratio in the city in 2007 is 1:308 way above the standard bed population ratio of 1:2,000. Considering that public hospitals specifically cater to the low income families numbering about 1,094,010 persons in 2007, the bed population ratio for public hospitals alone is 1 bed per 1,174 persons which is way above the standard bed-population ratio of 1:2,000. The city therefore, has no shortage of hospital beds since the existing number of beds for public hospitals (QCGH, NDH, EAMC, and QMMC) is 930 Other Health Facilities There are 1,116 various health and wellness facilities like: medical clinics (301), optical (93), dental (335), dermatology (15), laboratory (144) and physical therapy (6), therapeutic (9), rehabilitation (6), veterinary (54), acupuncture (2), cosmetic surgical (5), maternal (2), psychological (6), reflexology-chirophaty (16) Diagnostic Clinic (24) and Skin Care Clinic (80).
54
Responsible for the treatment and rehabilitation of drug dependents is the citys Drug Treatment and Rehabilitation Center popularly known as TAHANAN which occupies approximately 3,000 sq.m. lot situated at Diamond Hills, Bgy. Payatas. Funeral and burial needs of the populace are being taken care of by three (3) public cemeteries which are already congested and three (3) private memorial parks. There are sixty two (62) funeral parlors in the city, including eleven (11) private crematoriums/ columbarium/ossuary. Health Personnel In 2007, the citys total number of health personnel is 1,492. The Quezon City Health Department has 626 medical staff , the Quezon City General Hospital has 710 and the Novaliches District Hospital has 156. The current number of medical personnel decreased by 278 from 1,770 in 2006. Of the citys total health staff, 286 are physicians, 210 are nurses, 99 are dentists, 203 midwives and the remaining 694 belong to the nonparamedical staff which include utility workers, aids, barangay health workers (BHWs), Sanitary Inspectors, Nutritionists and Clerks. The 2007 government physician-population ratio and dentist-population ratio is 1:9,369, and 1:27,065 respectively. The physician population ratio is way above the standard ratio of 1:20,000 while that of the dentist-population is below the standard of 1:20,000. This means that there is no shortage of physicians but the city is in need of more dentists. On the other hand, the government nurse-population ratio is 1:12,759 against the standard ratio of 1:15,000 and the government midwife-population ratio is 1:13,199 is way below the standard ratio of 1:5,000. It shows that the city is no longer in need of additional nurses but short of 333 midwives.
55
3.3 Education
3.3.1 Literacy and Highest Grade Completed
The 2000 NSO data showed that of the 1,669,593 household population 10 years old and over, 98.32% or 1,641,552 are literate and 28,011 or 1.68% are illiterate. (See Fig. DS-11) The citys literacy rate of 98.32% is slightly lower compared with NCRs 99.0% but higher than the national literacy rate of 93.4% per 2003 NSO Functional Literacy Education and Mass Media Survey (FLEMMS). Male literacy rate is higher (98.35%) than female (98.29%)
Figure DS-11 Literacy Rate by Sex , Quezon City: 2007
Male Female
Illiterate
Literate
0 Source: National Statistics Office (NSO
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
Out of the 28,011 illiterate population 10 years old and over, majority 47.72% are in the ages 10-24 yrs. old, the age groups that should have been in school. About 21.14% are ages 25-39 yrs, 16.48% 50 years old and over and 14.66% are between the ages 40-54 years old. Illiteracy among females is likewise higher (1.71%) than among males (1.65%). (See Table DS-13)
Table DS-13 Literacy of Households Population 10 years old and over By Age Group and Sex; Quezon City ; 2000
Literate Age Group Male No.

10-24 25-39 40-54 55 & over Total Literacy Rate
Total
Illiterate Male No. Female %
Total
Overall
Female %
No.
No.
No.
% No.
% No.
297,811 37.58 329,657 38.83 276,648 34.91 286,974 33.80 153,361 19.35 154,803 18.24 64,169 8.31 77,545 9.13
627,468 563,892 308,164 142,028
97.92 98.96 98.68 96.85 100.00
6,905 51.98 6,463 43.89 2,907 21.88 3,014 20.46 2,027 15.26 2,078 14.11 1,445 10.88 3,172 21.5
13,368 5,921 4,105 4,617 28,011
47.72 21.14 14.66 16.48 100.00
640,836 569,813 312,269 146,645 1,669,563
38.38 34.14 18.70 8.78 100.00
792,573 100.00 848,999 100.00 1,641,552
13,284 100.00 14,727 100.00
98.35
98.29
98.32
1.65
1.71
1.68
100.00
56
The 2007 NSO data on the other hand showed that of the 1,899,053 city population aged 5 years old and over 468,483 (24.67%) completed elementary, 616,117 (32.44%) were able to reach or complete high school, 293,604 (15.46%) were college undergraduates while 170,451 (8.98%) were academic degree holders. Those who took up vocational courses constitute 120,860 (6.36%) and 11,277 (1%) have master degrees. Only
about 2.04% or 38,723 have no grade completed at all. (See Fig. DS-12) Among those who had attained higher levels of education, females outnumbered males comprising 54.60% of those with academic degrees and 54.90% with post baccalaureate courses.
Figure DS-12 Population Distribution by Educational Attainment 5 Years old and above: QC 2000
55,097 (2.30%) 86959 (3.60%) 54874 (2.30%) 519,002 (21.80%) 865,657 (36.40%) 290,188 (12.20%) 402,126 (16.90%) 10,260 (0.40%) 96,971 (4.10%) 0 Source: National Statistics Office 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000
The citys school-age population (3-21 years old) in 2007 comprise 1,016,697 or 38.12% of the total population in that year. About 31.14% or 316,570 belong to the elementary school age group (6-11 years old), 19.92% or 202,483 were under the secondary school age group (12-15 years old) and 32.47% or 330,157 were in the tertiary age group (16-21 years old). Preschoolers (3-5 years old) numbered to 167,487 or 16.47%. (See Fig. DS-13)
Figure DS-13 Percent Distribution of School Age Population by School Level SY 2007
Elementary,
325687, 32%
333721, 32%
Secondary,
185312, 18%
Pre-School,
186640, 18%
57
3.3.2 Enrollment Performance Indicators

Enrolment figures for the past five-year period (20032007) in public schools show that the number of entrants in both the elementary and secondary school levels have been increasing steadily except for SY 20052006 which decreased in both levels. This increasing trend is mainly attributed to the continued increase in the school age population and to the citys policy of de-
mocratizing access to education. A high birth rate connotes an increasing number of fresh enrollees in the citys schools while the provision of free education by the city government greatly attracts many school participants even those coming from outside the city. The current economic situation as well is a contributing factor in the increasing enrolment trend in the Citys public schools.
Figure DS-14 Enrollment in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools SY 2003-2004 to SY 2007-2008
247,003 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 20032004 Source: Division of City School 20042005 135,661
248,571
247,581
253,478
258,176 3-D Colum n 1 SECONDARY ELEMENTARY
139,440
137,645 20052006
140,739 20062007
143,462 20072008
For the SY 2007-2008, the total enrolment in public elementary and secondary levels reached 401,638 or an increase of 1.88% from the 394,297 enrolment in SY 2006-2007. There are more males (51.00% or 204,120) enrolled than females (49% or 197,518). Of this number, 258,176 were enrollees in the elementary level and 143,462 were in the high school level. (See Fig. DS-14)
Enrollees at the district level shows that District II had the highest number of students for both public elementary and secondary schools comprising 62.61% and 56.89% respectively. The percentage of enrollees accounted more than half of the total enrollment population for both levels.
58
Figure DS-15 Percent Distribution of Elementary and Secondary Schools Enrollment by District SY2007-2008
D4
1 6.74 1 1 .53 9.48
D3
1 1 .08 SECONDARY 56.89 62.61 1 6.89
D2
ELEMENTARY
D1
1 4.78 0 20 40 60 80
Source: Division of City School
Of the total enrollees for both level 2,130 or 0.53% are special children. About 1,843 are in the public elementary level while 287 in the public secondary level. As of 2007, there are 26 public elementary schools and 5 secondary schools offering Special Education Classes (SPED).
at 80.65% and 73.61% respectively. There was an enrollment increase of 0.73 and 0.72 percentage points in both levels over the SY 2006-2007 enrollment participation rate of 79.92 in the elementary level and 72.89% in the secondary level. The increase in public school EPR may have been brought about by an increase in the number of schools age migrants coming The Enrollment Participation Rate (EPR) in SY 2007- from outside the city or the transferees from private 2008 for public elementary and secondary schools as schools. (See Fig. DS-16) reported by the Division of City Schools was computed
Figure DS-16 Participation Rate in Public Elementary & Secondary Schools Quezon City: SY 2003-2004 to SY 2007-2008
88.13 90.00 80.00 70.00 60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 2003-2004 80.91 81.27
86.67 78.39
84.35 72.89
79.92 73.61
80.65 SECONDARY ELEMENTARY
2004-2005
2005-2006
2006-2007
2007-2008
59
3.3.3 Academic Performance Indicator

As basis for continuous monitoring and evaluation of students performance, achievement tests are being administered. The results of such tests indicate the students level of academic performance particularly in the five (5) major subjects namely: English, Science, Mathematics, Pilipino and Hekasi. It also become the basis for upgrading the teachers competence, im-
provement of teaching-learning process and intensive school supervision. Data shows that achievement rate for both elementary and secondary levels in public schools have increased from 52.52 and 40.22 in SY 2006-2007 to 73.45 and 43.86 in SY 2007-2008. The citys academic performance among the Metro Manilas 16 cities and 1 municipality was ranked number one in elementary level but 9th in the secondary level.
Figure DS-17 Achievement Rate in Public Elementary & Secondary Schools Quezon City: SY 2003-2004 to SY 2007-2008
8 0 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 4 0 .0 0 3 0 .0 0 2 0 .0 0 1 0 .0 0 0 .0 0 53.23 44.35 42.27 42.27 44.35 43.16 47.67 39.47 40.22 52.52 43.86
73.45
SECONDARY ELEMENTARY
2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008
Cohort survival rate in public elementary level decreased from 85.73% in SY 2003-2004 to 80.37% in SY 2007-2008. On the secondary level, it improved from 78.07% in 2003-2004 to 79.27 in 2007-2008. Cohort survival rate is the percentage of those who in the beginning grade reached the final grade of the required number of years for the elementary and high school level to enrollment. (See Fig. DS-18)
Figure DS-18 Cohort Survival Rate in Public Elementary & Secondary Schools Quezon City: SY 2003-2004 to SY 2007-2008
85.73
82.34
83.06 80.23
80.37 ELEMENTARY
78.07
79.49
76.09 2005-2006
78.21
79.27 SECONDARY
2003-2004
2004-2005
2006-2007
2007-2008
Source: Division of City School SOCIO ECOLOGICAL PROFILE 2010
60
The drop-out rate of 6.45% in the public secondary level is higher compared to only 0.50% in the elementary level. This means that for every 100 high school students enrolled, 6 eventually leave school due to financial problems, lack of personal interest, illness/disability, inability to cope with school work, transfer of residence and employment or those looking for jobs. In the elementary level, the drop-out rate shows that
almost 1 student for every 100 elementary students enrolled stopped schooling. The trend of drop out rate in the elementary however, is increasing for the last 5 years while in the secondary level it reached its highest drop out rate in SY 2005-2006 with 6.84% and continued to decline in SY 2006-2007 and SY 2007-2008. (See Fig. DS-19)
Figure DS-19 Drop-Out Rate in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools QC: SY 2003-2004 to SY 2007-2008
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
6.68
6.63
6.84
6.78
6.45
Elementary Schools Secondary Schools

0.32 0.35 0.35 0.48 0.50
2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008
Drop out rate by sex by level shows that in the public elementary schools there are more male drop-outs (0.60% or 779 pupils) than female (0.34% or 420 pupils). This is also true in the public secondary schools wherein male drop-outs is also high (9.00% or 6,258 students) than female 94.58% or 3,261 students.
Table DS-14 Number of Enrllment and Performance Indicator in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools QC: SY 2003-2004 to SY 2007-2008
Elementary Indicator 03-04

Enrollment 247,003 88.13 Cohort Survival Rat e Drop-Out Rat e Achievement Rat e
Secondary 06-07
253,478 79.92 80.23 0.48 52.52
04-05
248,571 86.67 82.34 0.35 53.23
05-06
247,581 84.35 83.06 0.35 47.67
07-08
258,176 80.65 80.37 0.50 73.45
03-04
135,661 80.91 78.07 6.68 42.27
04-05
139,440 81.27 79.49 6.63 43.16
05-06
137,645 78.39 76.09 6.84 39.47
06-07
140,739 72.89 78.21 6.77 40.22
07-08
143,462 73.61 79.27 6.45 43.86
85.73 0.32 44.35
61
3.3.4 Classroom-Student Ratio

The present classroom-student ratio varies for each district and for each school level (See Table DS-15). The figures indicate that for the elementary and secondary school levels, there is deficiency in the existing number of classrooms. This inadequacy is only in District II where the classroom-student ratio is computed to be 1:60 for elementary and 1:63 in the secondary level. This means that a single classroom accommodates as many as 60 students in each session compared with the ideal ratio of 1:50. The classroom deficiency is made even more significant considering that both public elementary and high schools hold two shifts or sessions each day. Fortunately, the situation is better in other districts such as in District III where the ratio is 1:33, District IV with a ratio of 1:35 and in District I having a ratio of 1:40. To address these deficiencies, the city needs to construct about 435 more classrooms (262 for elementary and 173 for secondary) in District II to meet the present demand. (See Table DS-15)
Table DS-15Elementary and Secondary School Classroom-Student Ratio by District; Quezon City : SY 2007-2008
Elementary District Number of 2007 Schools Enrollment

21 42 19 15 97 38,151 161,653 28,598 29,774 258,176
Secondary ClassroomNumber of 2007 Student Schools Enrollment

1:40 1:60 1:33 1:35 1:48 11 18 7 10 46 24,225 81,620 13,607 24,010 143,462
No. of Classroom Actual

473 1,355 437 429 2,694
No. of Classroom Actual

330 643 204 324 1,501
Needs
0 262 0 0 262
Needs
0 173 0 0 173
ClassroomStudent
1:37 1:63 1:33 1:37 1:48
I II III IV TOTAL
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3.3.5 Teacher-Student Ratio

Based on the total enrollment and the actual number of teachers, it shows that there is no teacher deficiency in both the elementary and secondary school levels. The teacher-student ratio in all the districts is above the standard of 1:50. (See Table DS-16)
Table DS-16 Elementary and Secondary School Teacher-Student Ratio by District; Quezon City : SY 2007-2008
Elementary District Number of 2007 Schools Enrollment

21 42 19 15 97 38,151 161,653 28,598 29,774 258,176
Secondary TeacherStudent
1:42 1:50 1:41 1:42 1:46
No. of Teache r Actual

915 3,238 698 704 5,555
Needs
0 0 0 0 0
Number of 2007 Schools Enrollment

11 18 7 10 46 24,225 81,620 13,607 24,010 143,462
No. of Teache r Actual

762 2,043 480 749 4,034
Needs
0 0 0 0 0
TeacherStudent
1:32 1:40 1:28 1:32 1:36
I II III IV TOTAL
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3.3.6 Textbook-Student Ratio

Data given by the Division of City Schools show that the textbook-student ratio for both elementary and secondary levels is 1:1 which means that each student has one (1) textbook per basic subject (Mathematics, Science, Hekasi, Filipino and English). Of the 2,718,863, total number of textbooks provided by the city and national government about 71.00% or 1,925,131 are for the elementary level and 29.00% or 793,732 are for the secondary schools.
enrollees. There are 43 Community Learning Centers (CLSs), 27 are public school-based and 16 are barangay-based including the 2 CLCs run by non-government organizations (NGOs). Madrasah education program to Muslim students is also being offered in twelve (12) public schools (11 E/S and 1 H/S). It offers basic education in Islamic values and Arabc language conducted every Saturday and Sunday. There are about 1,220 enrolled students with 42 Muslim teachers or Azatids. The program aims to harmonize the traditional Philippine education curriculum with the Madrasah system thereby ensuring educational parity across regions and cultures.
3.3.7 Educational Programs

Educational programs for public elementary schools are in accordance with the curricula prescribed by DECS Order No. 6,S-1983 entitled as the New Elementary School Curriculum and by DECS Order No. 11, S-1989 for the Secondary Level known as the Revised Secondary Education Development Program.
Further educational support is provided by Quezon City Polytechnic University. It is operating by virtue of City Council Res. 1030, Series of 2001. The University Main Campus at Bgy. San Bartolome offers technicalvocational (1 yr. course) and baccalaureate courses or 4 year courses such as BS Information Technology, BS Industrial Engineering and BS Entrepreneurial ManThe present teaching strategies range from the tradiagement. The university satellites located at San Frantional to the more progressive ones such as the intecisco High School Compound at Barangay Sto. Cristo grative techniques, inquiry processes and conceptual offers only BS Information Technology and BS Entreapproaches. A few private schools have embarked preneurial Management while the other satellite at on individualized instructions. The percentage rating Bgy. Batasan Hills along IBP Road is now undergoing system for academic subjects and descriptive rating construction and will be opened for classes in 2009. for non-academic are used in evaluating performance The University enrolment trend is increasing tremenof students in both public elementary and secondary dously in baccalaureate courses from 1,316 in SY 2006schools. 2007 to 3,984 students in SY 2008-2009. The number of students taking up Vocational/Technical courses Services like Non-Formal Education Program are also on the other hand has been fluctuating from 467 in extended with the offering of supplemental evening SY 2006-2007, increasing to 639 in SY 2007-2008 and classes consisting basically of vocational courses for again declined to 470 students in SY 2008-2009. It has out-of-school youth and adults. Foremost, the Alternaalso produced a substantial number of graduates from tive Learning System (ALS) is being offered to the peoSY 1997 to the present such as 1,462 graduates for ple who have not finished the elementary or second3-year course, 1,002 for 1 year course, 1,622 graduates ary education. For SY 2007-2008, ALS enrollees totaled on 3 to 5 months course, 13 for Expanded Tertiary Eduto 1,849, consisting of Kasambahays or household cation Equivalency & Accreditation Program (ETEEAP) helps and out-of-school youths and adults. A 60.19% and 27 for ladderized course BSIT & BSEM or a total of majority (1,113) is male and 736 or 39.81% are female 4,126 graduates.
64
Figure DS-20 Enrollment in Quezon City Polytechnic University; Quezon City: SY2008-2009
4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 2006-2007 2007-2008 467 1,316 639 2,671
3,984
DEGREE VOCATIONAL/TECHNICAL
470
2008-2009
Source: Quezon City, Polytechnic University
Added to this, the city government is also extending scholarship assistance to the citys under privileged college students reaching 12,384 scholars in SY 20072008 from only 2,023 in SY 2001-2002. (See Fig. DS-21)
Figure DS-21 Number of Quezon City Government Scholars SY 2001 2002 to 2007-2008
14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 2,023 2,198 2,744 4,635 7,150 9,611
12,384
QC SCHOLARS
0 SY 2001-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 Source: Scholarship and Youth Development Program (SYDP)
3.3.8 Educational Facilities

The number of public schools has increased from 142 in 2002 to 143 in 2008. Of these 96 are elementary schools consisting of 92 main and 4 school annex, about 89 of these elementary schools offer pre-school classes. The 47 public secondary schools are composed of 43 main and 4 school annexes. There are 348 private schools offering different levels of education such as preparatory, elementary, secondary or a combination of two or more levels. There are also 87 colleges and universities and, the more prominent ones found in the city include Miriam College, Ateneo de Manila and the state-run University of the Philippines. Public libraries in the city number sixteen (16), a decrease of 2 branches from the 2002 count of 18 libraries.
65
3.4. Social Welfare Services

Social welfare services are provided by the City to its residents through the Social Services and Development Department. Various welfare programs and services that are being extended include Community Outreach Program, Welfare and Relief Program, Residential and Rehabilitation Program, Vocational and Skills Training and Special Projects. Beneficiaries are mostly the citys indigent families which include the youth, children, elderly, disabled/special groups, mendicants, women and distressed or displaced groups
Table DS-17 Number of Clients Served by Type of Welfare Services Quezon City 2006-2007
The total number of persons who have availed of the various welfare services in 2007 was 194,164 (76,244 male & 117,920 female). A decrease of 3,507 or 1.77% from 197,671 in 2006 was noted. Of the total number of clients served, majority (39.29%) or 76,294 have availed of the Community Outreach Program which is targeted to mostly socially disadvantaged families, individuals, youth, and children. (Refer to Table DS-17)
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3.4.1 Early Childhood Development (ECD) Services

Two of the major projects under Child Welfare Program are Supplemental Feeding and Day Care Services. In 2007, SSDD served 19,360 (9,772 male & 9,588 female) pre-school children ages 3-5 years old specifically those in the informal settlements in 251 Day Care Centers located in 107 barangays. The present day care center classroom- pre-schooler ratio is 1:39 which is below the standard of 1:25. For SY 2007-2008, total enrollees in existing day care centers, public and private pre-schools is 59,482 representing 35.51% of the 167,487 population of 3 to 5 years old. About 25,381 or 42.67% are enrolled in the private pre- school while 34,101 or 57.33% in daycare centers and public pre-schools in the city. There was an increase of 1,907 or 3.31% enrolled pre-school children from the 57,575 enrollees in the previous school year, 2006-2007. Enrolment for male preschoolers which is 29,665 is slightly lower than the 29,817 female pre-school enrollees. (Refer to Table DS-18)
Table DS-18 Pre-School Enrolment SY 2005-2006 to SY 2007-2008
SY 2006-2007 M
Day Care I II III IV Sub-Total Public Elem. School I II III IV Sub-Total Private Pre- School I II III IV Sub-Total TOTAL 2,161 5.180 1,972 2,218 11,531 28,985 2,257 5,309 1,741 2,307 11,614 28,590 4,418 10,489 3,713 4,525 23,145 57,575 2,322 5,955 1,946 2,349 12,572 29,665 1,569 3,375 1,209 868 7,021 1,631 3,280 1,127 882 6,920 3,200 6,655 2,336 1,750 13,941 1,681 3,520 1,176 944 7,321 2,081 5,354 1,551 1,447 10,433 1,966 5,158 1,523 1,409 10,056 4,047 10,512 3,074 2,856 20,489 1,689 4,999 1,584 1,500 9,772
SY 2007-2008 T M F T
1,591 4,921 1,536 1,540 9,588
3,280 9,920 3,120 3,040 19,360
1,676 3,558 1,238 948 7,420
3,357 7,078 2,414 1,892 14,741
2,490 6,061 1,783 2,475 12,809 29,817
4,812 12,016 3,729 4,824 25,381 59,482
Source : Social Services Development Department, Division of City Schools
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3.4.2 Children In Need of Special Protection (CNSP)

The number of Children in Need of Special Protection (CNSP) served in 2007 was 330 (129 male and 201 female). Services rendered are in the form of Rescue/ Shelter and Protective Services /After Care and Follow ups. Specifically, the reported child abuse cases in 2007 reached 56, a decrease of 78.54% or 205 cases from the 2006 figure of 261 reported cases. (See Table DS-19) The significant decrease of child abuse cases may be attributed to an improved level of awareness of the populace on the consequences of inflicting abuse on children as provided for under Republic Acts 7610 and 9262 otherwise known as Anti-Child Abuse Act and Violence Against Women and Children Act respectively.
Table DS-19 Reported Cases of Child Abuse by Sex Quezon City 2006-2007
2006 Cases M
Sexual Abuse Physical Abuse Neglected Abandoned 2 Total 112 149 83 27 117 30 2 200 57 2 2 261 36
2007 T M
7 24 5
F
1 3 13 3
T
1 10 37 8 -
20
56
Source: Social Services Development Department
The 2007 Sub-Regional Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (SR-MICS) results also show that 93.5% of the 247,000 children ages 0-59 months were registered at birth while unregistered birth is about 5.7% or 14,000 children lower compared to 2001 MICS result of 7.00% to unregistered births. Cited reasons for not registering the child are the following; cost too much, must travel too far, didnt know child should be registered and others. On Child Labor, the same survey revealed that of the 473,000 children aged 5-14 years old, 57,000 or 12.1% are involved in child labor. Of this figure, 91.1% are also attending school.
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3.4.3 Youth Welfare Services

In 2007, there were 5,942 (2,512 male & 3,430 female) youth ages 6-17 years old who have availed of services under the Youth Welfare Program. Of this 414 are reported cases of Youth Offenders. There are more male youth offenders (384) than female (30). It was noted that 148 of them or about 36% are below 15 years old and the majority 64% or 266 are 15 to 17 years old. Under RA 9344 otherwise known as the Juvenile Justice & Welfare Act, Youth Offenders below 15 years of age are released to the custody of parents or guardians or to a responsible welfare agency and given proper interventions. The detention facility for youth offenders ages 15 to 17 years old is the Molave Youth Home. About 942 (512 male & 430 female) youth served with behavioral problems while the number of out-of-school youth served was 500 (350 male & 150 female). The number of street children served in 2007 was 330 compared to 226 in 2006. (See Table DS-20)
Table DS-20 Number of Youth (6-17 yrs. old) Served by Type; Quezon City: 2006-2007
2006 Type Children / Youth Male

Street Children Out-of-School Youth 121 2,421 168 Youth with Behavioral Problems Total 176 2,886
2007 %
4.74 87.15 4.00 4.11 100
Female
105 1,736 23 20 1,884
Total
226 4,157 191 196 4,770
Male
129 350 384 512 1,375
Female
201 150 30 430 811
Total
330 500 414 942 2,186
%
15.10 22.87 18.93 43.09 100
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3.4.4 Women in Especially Difficult Circumstances (WEDC)

Under the Women Welfare Program, there were 16,421 women served. The services include Capability Building, Protective Services, Organization of Women Group and Advocacy. The 2007 reported number and incidence of Women in Especially Difficult Circumstances (WEDC) of 102 shows a significant decrease of 71.67 % or 258 cases from the 360 reported cases in 2006. The decrease may also be partially brought about by an intensive information dissemination on RA 9262 (Violence Against Women and Children Act) and RA 9208 The Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act. Majority of the women cases (58) are physically abused, 20 are unwed pregnant women, 15 are victims of prostitution. The rest are sexually abused and victims of illegal recruitment. (See Table DS-21)
Table DS-21 Reported Number and Incidence of Women in Especially Difficult Circumstances Quezon City: 2006-2007
2006 Type Children / Youth Number

Physically Abused/ 220 Sexually Abused 12 53 10 2 Unwed Pregnant Women Others (specify) TOTAL
2007 % Number %
61.11 3.33 14.72 2.78 0.56 17.50
58 4 15 4 1 20
56.86 3.92 14.71 3.92 0.98 19.61
63
360
100.00
102
100.00
70
3.4.5 Persons with Disabilities (PWDs)

In 2007, the estimated number of persons with disabilities was 24,870. There were more female differently abled persons (13,064) than male (11,806). About 2,156 or 8.67% of this figure were served by the SSDD and the type of disability of these persons includes; mental and orthopedic handicap, hearing, speech and blindness disabilities. The most number of PWDs served are the orthopedically handicapped persons with 603 cases.(See Table DS-22) The SSDD also recorded a total of 39 PWDs who were reported to have been neglected/abandoned and abused or exploited. (See Table DS-22)
Table DS-22 Reported Number of Disabled Persons by Type and by Sex Quezon City; 2007
Marital Status
Mental Orthopedically handicapped Hearing Speech Blindness Total
Male
248 360 155 181 320 1,264
Female
204 243 104 120 221 892
Total
452 603 259 301 541 2,156
Reported Cases
Neglected Abused Exploited Total
19 2 2 23
12 3 1 16
31 5 3 39
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3.4.6 Older Persons (OPs)

The total number of older persons (60 yrs. old and over) in 2007 was 133,528 (55,454 male and 78,094 female). The Office of the Senior Citizens Affairs (OSCA) issued 17,219 Senior Citizens IDs in 2007 an increase of 9,519 from 7,700 IDs issued in 2001. Since its creation in 1993, OSCA has registered and issued a total of 203,841 Senior Citizens IDs (84,582 male & 119,265 female) as of June 2008, showing more than the estimated population of elderly persons in 2007. The figure however, also includes elderly persons that may have already passed away and were not accounted for. The SSDD on the other hand has served about 25,426 (9,649 male & 15,777 female) senior citizens under their Elderly Welfare Program. There were 42 reported incidences of neglected, abused and exploited OPs needing special attention. (See Table DS-23)
Table DS-23 Reported Cases of Older Persons In need of Special Attention Quezon City: 2007
Cases
Neglected Abused Exploited Total
Male
10 8 4 22
Female
10 6 4 20
Total
20 14 8 42
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3.4.7 Families
A total of 50,650 families have availed of the Family Welfare Program. Of these, 20,118 (10,092 male & 10,026 female) were served under the Parent Effectiveness Services (PES). Also, 2,314 have availed of the Solo Parent Services. Based on the 2003 Family Income and Expenditures Survey (FIES) of the National Statistics Office about 128,009 or 28.44% families have income below the poverty threshold of P8,857.00. The percentage of families below poverty threshold has improved from the 32.42% in 1997 NSO FIES.
3.4.8 Other Welfare Institutions/Organizations

Also providing welfare programs and services are 45 non-government organizations. Majority of the programs/services of these welfare agencies are community based especially in the citys informal settlements in close coordination with the barangay and community leaders of target areas. Activities/services are being undertaken either in barangay halls, health centers, multi-purpose halls and other facilities.
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3.5 Housing
3.5.1 Households & Occupied Dwelling Units
The NSO survey conducted in 1990 revealed that there were 332,283 households occupying 305,807 housing units. These figures increased to 415,788 households with an estimated 355,443 occupied dwelling units in 1995. The NSO survey conducted in 2000 revealed that there were 480,624 households occupying 447,369 housing units. For 2007, the number of households increased to 594,832 with the number of occupied dwelling units (housing stock) at 571,812. Average household size in 2007 was 4.5 persons. (See Figure DS-22)
Figure DS-22 Comparative Number of Households and Occupied Dwelling Units Quezon City
594,832
600,000 500,000 400,000 Households 300,000 200,000 100,000 0 1990 1995 2000
332,283 480,624 415,788 355,443 305,807 447,369
571,812
Households Occupied units
2007
Source :National Statistics Office
Year
The 2000 NSO survey showed that single detached housing constituted 56.77% of the total dwelling units in 2000; multi-dwelling units comprised 31.79%; duplex, 8.46%; while commercial, industrial and institutional living quarters made up 2.98% (See Fig. DS-23)
Figure DS-23 Percentage Distribution by Type of Housing; Quezon City: 2000
8.46% 31.79%
Duplex
2.98%
Single detached Duplex Single detached
Others
56.77%
Others
Source :National Statistics Office
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The houses in Quezon City had a median floor area of 31 square meters. This meant that half of the total housing units had a floor area of below 31 square meters. In 2007, about 88% of the housing units in Quezon City had roofs made of galvanized iron while more than 55% had outer walls made of either concrete, bricks or stone; 30 %, half concrete/brick/stone and half wood; and 12%, wood. About 52% of housing units had roofs made of galvanized iron/aluminum and had outer walls made of concrete/bricks/stone. .
3.5.2 Shelter Needs

Legitimate Tenants, Renters and Sharers Existing government shelter programs cater mostly to informal settlers. The tenants and renters in apartments and low-cost but poor rental units are usually neglected despite the fact that they spend a considerable portion of their income on rents; refraining from squatting and keeping their tenurial status legitimate while also aspiring to have housing of their own. At present, the number of households is 594,832 while the number of occupied dwelling units is 571,812. By these figures alone, the housing backlog is determined to be 23,020 not considering the fact that many of the existing dwelling units are already in a state of deterioration, needing either improvement or total replacement. Informal settlers A large section of the city population in need of adequate shelter consists of informal settlers occupying idle, public and private lands. The 2006 actual census conducted by the Urban Poor Affairs Office covered 211,708 families housed in 170,670 structures, an increase of 10,317 families from 2005 census-survey. For 2007, the number of informal settlers increased to 218,802, an increase of 7,094 families from 2006 census. Their needs are in terms of resettlement or on-site upgrading through any of a combination of tenurial and/or infrastructural upgrading (192,968) and structural improvement (5,679). (Refer to Table DS-24)
Table DS-24 Informal Settlers In Quezon City : 2005-2007
Year
2005 2006 2007
DIST. I
25,935 27,686 25,881
DIST. II
129,982 136,726 142,383
DIST. III
14,843 16,077 16,139
DIST. IV
30,631 31,219 33,972
Total
201,391 211,708 218,375
Source: Urban Poor Affairs Office
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Chapter 3 Demographic Profile and Social Development Number of Informal Settlers; Quezon City : 2005-2007
450,000
FAMILIES/STRUCTURES
400,000 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 2005 2006 2007 201,381 211,708 218,375 166,947 170,670 175,293 STRUCTURES FAMILIES
YEAR
Source: Urban Poor Affairs Office
Table DS-25 shows the magnitude of informal settlers in the city by area classification and the possible interventions with which to address the problem.
Table DS-25 Magnitude of Informal Settlers By Area Classification; Quezon City: 2007
District I DPI
1. Danger Areas Waterways Transmission Line Dumpsite Under The Bridge 2. Govt. Infrastructure Road Right-Of-Way MWSS 3. Government Lands City-owned NGC Other Natl. Govt Prop. 4. Areas For Priority Devt. (APD) 5. Private Property 6. Open space (Subd.) Sub-Total Grand Total 5885 10,394 236 7,552 305 19,996 25,881 1,509 3,126 63 2,696
District II DPI TU
District III DPI TU
District IV DPI TU Total
TU
2,894 1,260 767 648
400 216
4,272 1,412
10,262 2,888 767 711
655 1,561
996
8,138 2,898
1,293 55,000 1,495 6,203 67,596 170 10,437 359 131,946 2,832
1,724
655
5,181 55,000
975
10,560 8,156
23,424 14,595 93,677 834
10,608
7,921
13,307
6,680
27292 218,375
142,383
16,139
33,972
Note: DPL - Displaced
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Homeless Using a factor of 1% of the total household population, it is estimated that there are 5,539 homeless people in the city. Each homeless is counted as one household to be provided with housing. Dwelling Units Needing Improvement Aside from the new housing units needed due to backlog and the formation of new households, structures needing improvement due to deterioration and obsolescence are also considered in determining the citys total housing requirements. Based on a factor of 2% of the total housing stock (excluding the informal settlers), there are some 7,930 housing units needing improvement. Table DS-26 shows the summary of shelter needs due to backlog, future growth, and upgrading needs for the given planning period.
Table DS-26 New Housing Units Due to Backlog & Future Growth
NEW HOUSING DUE TO

Doubled-up Households Displaced units
Total
23,020 25,834 70,301 5,359
Total
124,514
Table DS-26 shows the summary of shelter needs due to backlog, future growth, and upgrading needs for the given planning period.
3.5.3 Housing Affordability

Family Income The 2000 average monthly household income was P 32,757.00 based on the Family Income & Expenditure Survey of the NSO. This high amount, however, should not be construed as an indication of the improved economic condition of the citys households. Actually, this was brought about by the high monthly average income (P 107,607.00) of the high-income class, representing, however, only 16.45% of the total number of households. Considering therefore that majority of the citys households belong to the middle income class with an average monthly income of P 19,585.00, it now becomes apparent that a great disparity in income distribution exists among the citys households. (See Table DS-27)
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Table DS-27 Household Income and Expenditure; Quezon City: 2000
Income Class
Under 99,999 100,000 499,999 500,000 & over Total
Type of Income
Low Income Middle Income High Income
No. of Families
45,582 330,527 74,033 450,142
%
10.13 73.43 16.44 100.00
Monthly Average Income

6,702.00 19,585.00 107,607.00 32,757.00
Monthly Average Expenditure

6,850.00 17,504.00 97,469.00 29,577.00
Source: Family Income & Expenditure Survey, NSO, 2000
Table DS-28 Household Income and Expenditure: 2000
Income Class
Under 10,000 10,000 19,999 20,000 29,999 30,000 39,999 40,000 49,999 50,000 59,999 60,000 79,999 80,000 99,999 100,000 249,999 250,000 499,999 500,000 & over TOTAL AVERAGE
No. of families
1,504 2,052 15,704 26,322 82,427 127,433 74,033 450,142
%
0.33 0.44 3.49 5.85 18.31 28.31 16.45 100.00
Total (in P 1000)

48,900 116,262 1,111,693 2,389,626 10,336,557 44,213,563
Income Ave. (in P)

31,975 56,658 70,790 90,784 125,403 346,955
Mo. Ave.
2,665 4,722 5,899 7,565 10,450 28,913 107,607
Expenditure Total Ave. (in P 1000 ) (in P)

55,371 124,289 1,150,771 2,416,294 21,179,078 38,109,472 86,590,603 159,763,769 36,816 60,570 73,279 91,797 175,517 299,055 1,169,622
Mo. Ave.
3,068 5,048 6,107 7,650 14,626 23,070 97,469
95,597,193 1,291,278 177,044,039 393,307
32,757
354,919
29,577
Source : National Statistics Office, 2000
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Family Expenditure The 2000 average monthly expenditure is P 29,577.00 of which 27% or about P 7,927.00 is spent on the average by each household on shelter covering such items as rental, house repairs and maintenance. (see Table DS-29)
Table DS-29 Distribution of Total Family Expenditure Group & Income Class: 2000
Under 20,000 20,00029,999 30,00039,999
50.0 10.2 9.1 4.8 2.9 1.4 1.0 20.5
TOTAL
Food Alcoholic Beverages Tobacco Fuel, light & wate r 31.9 0.4 0.4 5.5 10.5 3.6 3.1 Clothing & other wear s 2.1 3.8 0.6 Medical Care Non-durable Furnishing Durable Furniture & Equipment Rent/Rental Value of Occupied Dwelling Unit s House Maintenance/ Minor Repairs Taxes Paid Miscellaneous Expenditure Other Expenditures 1.2 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.3 0.2 4.4 25.6
40,00049,999
50,00059,999
57.7 1.2 2.2 6.1 2.5 1.8 4.6 2.2 0.5 0.1 0.9 0.2 0.1 10.3
60,00079,999
56.1 0.7 1.6 0.9 4.1 1.3 5.3 2.4 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.5 15.6
80,00099,999
56.0 0.7 0.8 7.9 6.0 1.8 4.3 2.3 0.9 0.4 0.7 0.1 0.9 14.7
100,000249,999
48.6 0.8 1.0 7.1 6.7 1.8 4.3 2.8 2.1 0.4 1.5 0.2 1.4 16.9
250,000over
27.0 0.3 0.2 5.0 11.6 4.1 2.7 2.0 4.3 0.6 1.3 0.2 5.2 28.1
0.5 1.9 0.1
0.5 0.7 0.1
0.1 0.2 1.6 0.4
0.2 0.9 2.2 1.0
1.5 2.2 1.9 1.1
Source: National Statistics Office, 2000
In the computation of the affordability of families for shelter, it is important to include the portion of income regularly spent on housing which is 26.8%. Other portions of family expenditures (non-essential items, which is 7.5%) that may be given up, if not reduced, to become potential percentage expenditure. For shelter, the citys total family potential percentage expenditure for housing is 34.3% which is deemed too high and may not be safe to use in determining the housing affordability. As a safety net, the national affordability level of 20% is being adopted instead.
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Chapter 3 Demographic Profile and Social Development Table DS-30 Expenditure For Housing (Percent of Family Expenditures): 2000
Income Group
Under 10,000 10,000 19,999 20,000 29,999 30,000 39,999 40,000 49,999 50,000 59,999 60,000 79,999 80,000 99,999 100,000 249,999 250,000 & over Average
Source: National Statistics Office, 2000
% Regular Expenditures
20.5 10.3 15.6 14.8 17.1 29.6 26.8
Expenditures
1.0 5.8 4.2 4.9 7.0 9.5 7.5
of Expenditure Available For Housing

21.5 16.1 19.8 19.7 24.1 39.1 34.3
3.5.4 Minimum Design Standards for Residential Subdivision and Condominium Projects
Table DS-31 shows the minimum lot area requirements (in sq. m.) for the types of housing unit and the housing project given in the Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of PD 957 and Batas Pambansa 220 (BP 220). PD 957 covers open market and medium cost housing projects while economic and socialized housing projects are covered by BP 220.
Table DS-31 Shelter Component Minimum Lot Area (sq. m.) PD 957 Type of Housing Unit
Single Detached
On the other hand, Table DS-32 shows the minimum floor area requirement (in sq. m.) for the given housing projects per IRR of PD 957 and BP 220. It will be noted that the minimum FA requirement type of housing projects were the same for all types of housing units.
Table DS-32 Shelter Component Minimum Floor Area (sq. m.) PD 957 Type of Housing Unit
Single Detached
BP 220 Economic Socialized

72 54 36 64 48 32 Row House
BP 220 Economic Socialized

22 22 22 18 18 18
Open Market
120 96
Medium Cost
100 80 50
Open Market
42 42 42
Medium Cost
30 30 30
Row House
60
Source: Housing & Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB)
Source: Housing & Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB)
3.5.5 Housing Sites

After estimating the extent of shelter needs, the next thing that has to be considered is how much land is needed and how much land is actually available for shelter provision. Providing for new housing units for 40,067 doubled-up households (assuming that 50% of whom can afford economic housing and 50% are urban poor provided with land allocation of 45 sq. m. per household) shall require 135 hectares of land. To resettle 25,834 households, an additional 116 hectares are needed. The lot area allocated each family or household was set at a minimum of 45 sq. m. For the additional 70,301 new housing units, it shall require 233 hectares of land (given the same assumption as in the doubled-up households). On the other hand, at least 868 hectares of land will be needed for tenurial and/or infrastructural upgrading of 192,541 families at 45 sq. m. per beneficiary. It thus becomes clear that for present shelter needs alone at least 1,352 hectares will be needed. As per preliminary inventory and survey, it is seen that some 625 hectares only are available and can be considered for housing purposes. The rest of the vacant areas are either physically not viable due to bad terrain and flooding risks or are tied in legal and administrative cases.
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Price Ceilings The 2000 average monthly expenditure is P 29,577.00 of which 27% or about Price Ceilings The following loan ceilings set by the HUDCC per Memorandum Circular No 02, S-2002 are the ones being used by the housing institutions to wit: Socialized Housing Economic Housing Medium Cost Housing Open Market Housing Funding Requirements To have an idea of the funding required to provide for the Citys present and future housing needs, estimates were made to cover three (3) program intervention schemes, which are New Community Housing Development, Resettlement and On-site upgrading/CMP and two (2) housing packages namely Economic Housing and Socialized Housing. Notice that for Economic Housing, the gross lot allocation is 72 sq. m. with an average loanable amount of P 500,000.00 while for Socialized Housing, the gross lot allocation is 64 sq. m. with an average loanable amount varying from P 80,000.00 (for On-site Upgrading/CMP) to P 225,000.00 (for Resettlement.) The land acquisition cost is set at P 2,500.00/ sq. m. P 225,000.00 and below; P 226,000.00 to P 750,000.00 P 751,000.00 to P 2.0 M above P 2.0 M
3.5.6 Local Shelter Program

At present, the City Government thru the Urban Poor Affairs Office (UPAO) is undertaking projects mainly thru Direct Sale Program and Community Mortgage Program (CMP). These projects are focused on informal settlers, which is understandable since they are the most conspicuous and they constitute the majority of that segment of the population needing shelter. Table DS-35 shows the summary of CMP take-out projects in the city for the last five (5) years (2003-2007), covering projects initiated by the LGU (City), NGOs and government agencies (GAs).
Table DS-33 CMP Take-out Projects; Quezon City: 2003-2007 Type of Housing Unit
QC Govt NGO Govt Agencies TOTAL
2003 Proj.
16 4 1 21
2004 Ben.
402 106 18 526
2005 Ben.
248 498 0 746
2006 Ben.
539 807 32 1,378
2007 Ben.
1,155 455 39 1,649
Proj.
5 11 0 16
Proj.
13 10 2 25
Proj.
12 6 1 19
Proj.
26 16 3 45
Ben.
788 447 123 1,358
Source: Social Housing Finance Corporation, 2007
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Per records of the Social Housing Finance Corporation, the number of city-originated CMP take-out projects for the last 5 years is 72, thus, increasing the total number to 183, with 7,920 beneficiaries and covering 34.71 has. of land. District II has the most number of CMP take-out projects with 152 representing 84% of the total number of projects. NGOs (47 projects, 2,313 beneficiaries) and govt agencies (7 projects, 212 beneficiaries), on the other hand, also had their share of CMP take-out projects. As to Direct Sale Program, the City has disposed twelve (12) city-owned properties in District II, covering 21.412 has. with 3,634 beneficiaries/families. (See Fig. DS-25)
Figure DS-25 CMP Take-Out Projects In QC (2003-2007)
8000 NO. OF BENEFICIARIES 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 2003 2004 2005 YEAR Source : Urban Poor Affairs Office 2006 2007 127 132 145 157 183 4,725 4,973 5,512 CMP PROJECTS NO. OF BENEFICIARIES 6,667 7,455
3.5.7 Local Shelter Organization

The Housing and Urban Renewal Authority (HURA) is an organization or unit in the City Government that is responsible for shelter delivery in Quezon City. Said unit was created by virtue of City Council Ordinance No. SP-1236, S-2003 approved by Hon. Feliciano Belmonte, Jr. on 01 April 2003, and was mandated to undertake and/or to promote the development of housing for marginal and low-income families and urban renewal and redevelopment in Quezon City. HURA is comprised of seven (7) Board of Directors with the City Mayor as the Chairman of the Board. Its officers include the Head of the HURA as the President/ General Manager, while the City Treasurer and the City Administrator act as Corporate Secretary and Corporate Treasurer, respectively. Prior to the creation of HURA, the City Mayor approved City Council Ordinance No. SP-1111, S-2002 on 22 March 2002 which created the Quezon City Local Housing Board which was mandated to formulate, develop and ensure the implementation of policies in the provision for housing and resettlement areas and the observance of the right of the underprivileged and homeless to a just and humane eviction and demolition. The Board is composed of the following: Chairman: The City Mayor or his duly authorized representative Vice Chairman: The City Vice Mayor Members: 1.Five (5) representatives of duly accredited QC Peoples organizations (POs) 2.Two (2) representatives of duly accredited QC Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) 3.Five (5) members appointed by the Mayor 4.Two (2) members representing the City Council to be elected by among themselves 5.Head of the QC Urban Poor Affairs Office (UPAO) who shall also act as the Board Secretary 6.Representatives from the Housing & Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC) to be designated by the HUDCC Chair. The aforesaid Housing Board has not yet convened as of this date.
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3.6. Sports and Recreation

A necessary feature of urban life is the sports and recreation area. Here, city dwellers can satisfy their leisure and recreational needs to help them cope with the rigors of urban living. Areas for sports and recreation, therefore, provide opportunities for the tired and weary to rejuvenate and for the young to engage in active physical and athletic development.
and Country Club, Maru International Golf Range, Rod Taylor Sports Company, Inc., GPL International, Inc., the Veterans Memorial Golf Course and those situated inside Camp Aguinaldo and Teresa Heights Subdivision in District II. Apart from these, several subdivisions, particularly the more affluent ones, have their own swimming pools, parks and playgrounds and clubhouses.
3.6.1 Sports Facilities

The citys sports facilities include the city-maintained Amoranto Stadium which consists of a velodrome, badminton courts, a covered basketball court and a swimming pool. There are also seven (7) public swimming pools, four of these are located in District II (Novaliches area), one in Bgy. Nagkaisang Nayon, two in Bgy. Kaligayahan (Zabarte Subdivision & North Olympus), and the other in Goodwill Homes Phase I in Bgy. San Bartolome. The 3 others are in Bernardo Park in Bgy. Pinagkaisahan, one at Amoranto Stadium and another inside the Balara Filtration Plant in Bgy. Pansol. Except for the swimming pool in Balara which is being managed and maintained by MWSS, all the rest are under the management of the city government. In the community level, most of the citys barangays have at least one basketball court. There are 82 covered courts, 89 open courts and 3 half courts. These are usually located in the barangays identified open space, near the barangay hall or parish church. These structures also serve as sites for other community activities and events such as tiangge, bingo socials, meetings and dialogues. Where there is available space, there are also tennis, pelota and volleyball courts that are put up. Other sport facilities that are also available in the city but with limited access are four (4) other private sport complexes like the Araneta Coliseum, the Celebrity Sports Plaza, the Capitol City Sports Plaza and the QC Sports Plaza. Several golf courses with driving range are also located in the City such as the Capitol Hills Golf
3.6.2 Recreation Facilities

For those who may prefer not-so vigorous activities the likes of which are offered by sports, they can take delight in the various parks and playgrounds. The City has three major parks, the Quezon Memorial Circle which is now being maintained by the City, the Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife under the Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau of the DENR and the La Mesa Eco Park managed by Bantay Kalikasan. There are 222 developed open spaces equipped with playgrounds and other amenities and 338 more undeveloped open spaces in different barangays. In 2002 there were fifty (50) barangays with no park at all. However with the citys continuing development of open spaces these barangays were trimmed down to 39. Parks are considered important recreational areas since they are accessible to all social and economic groups of the citys populace. Moreover, they offer various types of recreation catering to all ages such as bicycle lanes, picnic areas, and promenades. Soon, the Quezon Memorial Circle will be improved and developed and this will entice more people to come and ultimately boost business and tourism industry in the city. As for the Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife, its features include a lagoon, a mini amphitheater, a zoo and a botanical garden. Other private recreational facilities include 477 billiard halls, 402 amusement centers, 279 videoke bars, 142 Gyms/Physical Fitness Centers, 74 cinemas/theaters, 23 swimming pools, 16 dance halls/disco houses, 15 bingo games, 14 gun club/shooting ranges, 12 bowling lanes, 12 badminton courts , 1 carnival and others
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3.7. Protective Services
The police are equipped with 2,638 short/long firearms 323 of which were donated by the City Govern3.7.1 Police Services ment. They also have 584 communication equipments such as mobile base radios/handheld radios. The total Quezon City was formerly under the jurisdiction of the number of vehicles is 321, majority (90%) or 288 were Northern Police District which also covered Caloocan, also provided by the city consisting of 19 administraNavotas, Malabon and Valenzuela. With the creation tion vehicles, 94 motorcycles and 175 patrol cars. Ten of the Central Police District now Quezon City Police (10) of the patrol cars are under repair. District, (QCPD) in October 1990, QCPD is mainly responsible in the maintenance of peace and order situation of the entire Quezon City only. The QC Police Dis- 3.7.2 Crime Incidence trict Headquarter is located in Camp Karingal, Sikatuna In 2007, the total number of crimes reported in the city Village in District IV. was 4,209 of which 3,896 cases or 92.59%were solved. The total police force of the QCPD as of 2007 is 2,874 Based on the number of reported crimes, the crime consisting of 274 Officers, 2,477 Police Non Commis- rate for that year was computed to be 157.04 per sioned Officers (PNCOs) and 123 Non Uniformed Per- 100,000 population which has greatly improved from sonnel (NUP). Of the total police personnel, 2,635 or the 2003 crime rate of 204.32. The citys 2007 crime 91.68% are male while 239 or 8.32% are female. With rate is slightly lower than Metro Manilas 158.04 per the citys 2007 population of 2.68M, policemen-popu- 100,000 population. lation ratio is 1:973. This means that the average policeman provides protective services to almost twice In terms of average monthly crime rate the city was the number of persons he can effectively serve, the recorded to have 13.09 per 100,000 population incistandard police-population ratio for urbanized areas dences of reported crime lower compared with Metsuch as Quezon City, being 1:500. To attain the ideal ro Manilas average monthly crime rate of 13.17 per ratio, the City needs to add 2,485 more policemen. 100,000 population. To complement, if not to augment, the present police force, the City maintains some 2,255 Barangay Security Crimes against Property (robbery and theft) remained and Development Officers (BSDOS) who are primarily the most frequently committed crime followed by tasked to maintain peace and order within the baran- Crimes against Person like murder, homicide and gay through nightly rondas, rescue operations assis- physical injury. Reported rape cases were also noted to have an increasing trend from 63 in 2003 to 90 in tance and disaster prevention and mitigation. 2007. These crimes make up the index crimes, defined The QCPD maintains eleven (11) police stations, and as crimes which are sufficiently significant and occur two (2) Police Community Precincts (PCPs). Aside with regularity to be considered as an indicator of the from these, the QCPD has also established the Baran- crime situation. On the other hand, non-index crimes gay Police Community Precincts (BPCPs) in each of the are crimes which consist of estafa, vagrancy, trespasscitys 142 barangays by deploying an average of three ing, seduction, coercion, gambling ,scandal and drug (3) police officers for each barangay. The BPCPs pro- related cases. In 2006 almost half 49.21% or 468 of gram, implemented in 2006 is a system of communi- the 951 non-index crimes are drug related cases. The ty-oriented policing aimed to provide efficient police figure however decreased to 405 cases in 2007 repservice to the people by protecting their rights and up- resenting only 29.55 % of the non- index crime. (See holding the law. It is primarily bilateral, meaning, the Table DS-34) police and the city residents alike are responsible for crime prevention.
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Table DS-34 Comparative Crime Statistics; Quezon City: 2003-2007 2003 Reported No. of Cases
Crime against person s Murder Homicide Physical Injuries Rape Crime against propert y Robbery 762 61 109 529 63 1833 774 1059 TOTAL INDEX CRIMES Total Non-Index crim e TOTAL CRIME VOLUM E TOTAL CRIME RATE SOLVED CASES CRIME SOLUTION EFFICIENC Y AVERAGE MONTHLY CRIME RATE 2595 2197 4792 204.32 4,558 95.12 18.37 1.27 2.27 11.54 1.31 38.25 16.15 22.10 54.15 45.85 100.00
2004 % Reported No. of Cases

824 61 80 634 49 1,631 701 930 2,455 1,620 4,075 168.86 3,921 96.22 14.07 1.50 1.96 5.56 1.20 40.02 17.20 22.82 60.25 39.75 100.0

603 39 69 440 55 1507 626 881 2110 1146 3256 130.92 3,124 95.95 10.91 1.20 2.12 13.51 1.69 46.28 19.23 27.06 64.80 35.20 100.0

570 44 45 408 73 1527 594 933 2097 951 3048 118.72 2972 97.51 9.89
2007 %
18.70 1.44 1.48 13.39 2.40 50.10 19.49 30.61 68.80 31.20 100.00
Reported No. of Cases

903 36 44 734 89 1935 830 1105 2838 1371 4209 157.04 3897 92.59 13.09
%
21.45 0.86 1.05 17.44 2.11 45.97 19.72 26.25 67.43 32.57 100.00
Source: Social Housing Finance Corporation, 2007
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3.7.3 Fire Protection and Prevention

Fire protection and prevention services are rendered by the Quezon City Fire District (QCFD) which has seventeen (17) fire sub-stations all over the City with 437 firefighters complemented by 33 civilians. The present firemen-population ratio stands at 1:6131 which is way below the standard ratio of 1:2000. At the present ratio, the number of persons a city fireman services is almost three times the number of people he can effectively serve. Clearly there is a shortage in the Citys firefighting force of about 903 firemen. The city has 35 firefighting vehicles, but only twenty three (23) are serviceable. There are also four (4) aerial ladders, of which only two (2) are functional.
3.7.4 Fire Incidence
In 2007 the Quezon City Fire District responded to 1,078 fire incidents, out of which 942 occurred in the City. There was a decreasing trend in fire incidences in the city for the last 5 years from 1,225 in 2003 to 942 in 2007. The total amount of losses due to these fire incidents is P200,52M. Of these fires, 257 were structural (involving buildings, houses and other structures) 210 were electrical or those involving MERALCO/ NAPOCOR facilities such as electrical posts, primary and secondary distribution lines and transformers and 201 involved rubbish and grass. Majority (61.46%) of the fire incidences have unknown causes or are still under investigation. For known causes however, electrical is the number one cause of the fire incidences. Most The 2007 fire-substation to land area ratio is 1:9 sq.km. (388) of these fire incidences occurred in District II which is way below the standard fire-substation land wherein a great number of informal settlers are located area ratio of 1:4 sq.km. This means that one (1) fire particularly in Barangay Commonwealth and Batasan substation has more than doubled the land area it has Hills. (See Table DS-35) to cover. The required fire-substation in the city therefore is 40, thus with the existing 17 fire-substation there is an acute shortage of 23 fire-substations.
Table DS-35 Number of Reported Fire Incidence and Responded to by the QC Fire Department: 2003 2007 2003 No.
Causes of Fire Electrical Open Flames/ Cooking Fireworks-explosive sparks Flammable Liquids LPG/ tanks/ Stove Unknown/ Under invest. others Total 301 2 1 1 19 901 1225 7 224 994 1225 323 73 0 193 28 152 20 43 103 84 51 5 7 143 1225
2004 %
24.57 .16 .08 .08 1.55 73.55 100 .57 8.29 81.14 100 26.37 5.96 15.76 2.29 12.41 1.63 3.51 8.41 6.86 4.16 .41 .57 11.67 100 48 849 1241 5 267 969 1241 296 46 2 168 44 177 34 49 109 97 7 7 17 188 1241 3.87 64.41 100 .41 21.51 78.08 100 23.85 3.71 .16 13.54 3.53 14.26 2.74 3.95 8.78 7.82 .56 .56 1.37 15.15 100 24 789 1114 3 306 805 1114 308 51 1 154 15 113 22 53 88 103 10 7 21 169 1114
2005 %
27.32 .08 .32
2006 %
26.84 .18
2007 %
35.8 .39
No.
339 1 4
No.
299
No.
367 4
No.
280 34 9 1 3 3 33 579 942 2 414 526 942 257 50 4 134 29 67 3 36 41 102 5 2 10 11 191 942
%
29.72 3.61 .96 .11 .32 .32 3.50 61.46 100 .21 43.95 55.84 100 47.50 9.25 .74 24.77 5.36 12.38 1.32 3.82 4.35 10.81 .53 .21 1.06 1.17 20.28 100
2.15 70.83 100 .27 27.47 72.26 100 27.65 4.58 .09 18.82 1.35 10.14 1.97 4.76 7.90 9.25 .90 .63 1.89 15.17 100
37 617 1025 3 408 614 1025 239 49 2 103 40 69 29 57 79 156 1 10 192 1025
3.61 60.20 100 .29 39.81 59.90 100 23.32 4.78 .20 10.05 3.90 6.73 2.83 5.56 7.71 15.22 .10 .98 18.73 100
Accidental Unknown/ Under invest. others Total Nature Structural Vehicular Ship/ Forest Grass Chemical Rubbish Others Transformer explosion Secondary Wire Service Entrance Electric Fan Tree Fire Transmission High Tension Other Elec. equipments Total Source: QC Fire Department
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3.7.5 Administration of Justice

The delivery and administration of justice at the local level is a collective responsibility of the Office of the City Prosecutor, the Metropolitan Trial Court and the Regional Trial Court. In 2007, the Metropolitan Trial Court recorded 12,684 cases including pending cases in previous years, of which 4,439 or 35.00% were disposed. The number of disposed cases is slightly higher compared to 33.25% disposed cases in 2006. The Regional Trial Court on the other hand, received 6,586 cases in 2007 for prosecution and disposed 3,622 cases or 55.00% which is lower compared to 59.99% disposed cases in 2006. (See Table DS-36 There are thirteen (13) Metropolitan Trial Court branches and forty five (45) Regional Trial Court branches both presided over by an equal number of judges. Personnel in both courts and the Office of the City Prosecutor including City Fiscals and Judges total 1,119 (465 are male and 654 female).
Table DS-36 Recorded and Disposed Cases; Quezon City : 2006-2007 2006 No.
Recorded Disposed Recorded Disposed
2007 % No.
12,684 4,439 6,586 59.99% 3,622 55.00% 35.00%
Metropolitan Trial Court 11,998 3,989 5,724 3,434 33.25% Regional trial Court
Source : Metropolitan Trial Court, Regional Trial Court
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3.7.7 Reformatory Institutions

The City has two reformatory institutions, the Molave Home and the Quezon City jail. The Molave Home serves as a halfway house for youth offenders. Formerly it accommodated youth offenders aged 9-18 yrs but has now been limited to 15-17 yrs. old in compliance with the provisions of Republic Act 9344 otherwise known as Juvenile Justice & Welfare System Act of 2006. A child 15 years old and below is exempted from criminal liability but would be given instead intervention program for his or her rehabilitation. On the other hand, the Quezon City jail can be considered as the most highly congested safekeeping institution in Metro Manila with male inmates population of 3,176 in 2007. The number of male ;jail has 3,191 sq.m. floor area and capable to house an ideal capacity of 800 to 900 inmates in three dormitory type buildings with only forty one (41) cells. The standard space requirement per inmate is 3 sq.m. Based on the 1,717.75 sq.m. floor area of existing city jail against total male inmates of 3,176 the inmate-space ratio was computed to be 1:0.54 sq.m. This means that an inmate occupies less than a sq.m. of space which way below the standard inmate-space ratio of 1:3 sq.m. The dormitories are located within Bernardo Park Bgy. Pinagkaisahan along EDSA. Basic utilities such as water supply and sewerage facilities are inadequate resulting in unsanitary and unhealthful conditions inside the jail. The 559 female inmates are housed at Camp Karingal. The jail is managed by 144 police officers assigned to guard the inmates and secure them during scheduled hearings. Thirty three (33) are assigned to guard the inmates (custodial personnel) and forty three (43) escorting officers. The jail had escorted during court hearings an average of 136 inmates per day. The present jail guard/custodial inmate ratio is 1:97 which is way below the ideal ratio of 1:7, while escort-inmate present ratio is 1:4 as against the ideal 1:1. Current
shortage of jail guards is 295 and 93 more escorts. The QC Drug Treatment and Rehabilitation Center (TAHANAN) located in Diamond Hills Subdivision, Bgy. Payatas offers services for the treatment of drug dependents. In 2007, there are a total of 204 patients (177 male & 27 female). The patients are accommodated into separate buildings, one for male and one for female with four rooms in each building. The center is being managed by 43 personnel. Risks and Hazards Flood Prone Areas Like any other place in Metro Manila, the city is also beset with disasters foremost are flash floods and fire incidences. Identified flash flood prone areas in the city are 78 areas covering thirty five (35) barangays. Most of the flood prone areas (29) are in District I, followed by District II with 26 areas, District IV has 15 areas and District III with 3 flash flood prone areas. The recurrence of flash floods is mainly due to overflowing of rivers and creeks and poor drainage system.(see Table DS-37) Identified fire prone areas in 2007 are 95 areas covering forty (40) barangays. Thirty two (32) of these fire prone areas are in District II particularly in Bgys. Commonwealth and Batasan Hills where there is a huge number of informal settlers. Next is District I with 28 areas followed by District III and District IV. The Valley Fault System traverses several barangays in the city specifically Bgy. Bagong Silangan and Matandang Balara in District II and Bgy. Pansol, Blue Ridge, St. Ignatius, Bagumbayan in District III.
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Number of Flood and Fire Victims Records of the Social Services and Devt. Department show that in 2006 there were 3,230 persons who were victims of disaster , 2,120 were flood victims and 1,110 were fire victims. In 2007, the number of fire victims tripled to 3,138 persons and no reported flood victims on the same year. For both types of disaster there are more female victims than male. (See Table DS-38)
Table DS-36 Recorded and Disposed Cases; Quezon City : 2006-2007 Type Male
591 971 Total Percent to Total 1,562 48.36
2006 Female
519 1,149 1,668 51.64
2007 Total
1,110 2,120 3,230 100.00
Male
1,568 1,568 49.97
Female
1,570 1,570 50.03
Total
3,138 3,138 100.00
Source : Department of Public Order & Safety, Quezon City Fire Department
Quezon City Disaster Coordinating Council To minimize damage to properties and loss of lives and ensure quick response in times of disaster the Quezon City Disaster Coordinating Council was created by virtue of Executive order No. 12, S-1988 and amended under Executive Order No. 13 S-1993. Eight (8) Operating Groups were organized led by various departments/offices as follows; Transportation, Rescue and Engineering, Health and Sanitation, Fire, Police and Security, Relief and Evacuation, Rehabilitation and Public Information Groups. There were also organized barangay disaster teams with the same organizational framework as that of the city called Barangay Disaster Coordinating Council.
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3.3. Culture
In spite of its young history, Quezon City like other cities in the country has many historical spots that speak of its rich heritage. There were eight (8) historical sites, foremost is the San Francisco Parish Church built in 1590 at San Francisco del Monte. Also, situated at the heart of the city and adjacent to the City Hall compound is the towering Quezon Memorial Shrine, the site of several historic occasions such as the mass officiated by His Holiness, Pope Paul VI on November 29, 1970 and Pope John Paul II on February 18, 1981. The City museum located at the base of the Quezon Memorial Shrine houses the remains of the late President Manuel L. Quezon, aside from other memorabilia. Other historical spots are Gen. Fulton Monument in Barrio Bagong Silangan, where American General Lawton was actually killed by the Katipuneros and at Sitio Pugad Lawin situated on a rocky area near Project 8 where the Katipuneros led by Andres Bonifacio launched the revolution against the Spanish Colonial rule in 1896. The Cloverleaf road complex, where the Balintawak monument in honor of Bonifacio is situated is being converted into a tourist spot of the city. Camp Aguinaldo and Camp Crame can both be considered historical sites for being the center of the EDSA Revolution last February 25, 1986. There are also five (5) museums/art galleries, two (2) are public museum (Armed Forces Museum and Jorge Vargas Museum) and three (3) private museums namely; SSS Art Gallery, Ateneo De Manila University Art Gallery, Mowel Fund Plaza and Film Museum. Inspired by Pres. Quezons vision that Quezon City shall be the seat of the national government, the city has retained its importance and distinction as the main National Government Center for it is where the historic building of the Batasang Pambansa and other national government buildings such as the Department of Social Welfare and Devt. (DSWD) and Civil Service Commission (CSC) can be found. Other institutional buildings and offices located in the city are the Quezon City Civic C enter. Novaliches District Center, Philippine Heart Center for Asia, the Philippine Lung Center, the National Childrens Hospital, Philippine Childrens Medical Center, East Avenue Medical Center, the Atomic Energy Commission, Social Security System (SSS), Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, Quezon Institute, the Philippine Orthopedic Center, La Mesa Dam and the Balara Filters Plant. It is also where the University of the Philippines can be found which is famous for having one of the biggest university campuses in the world and the UP Oblation. The Division of City Schools has also been very active in promoting activities that cultivate pride of the nations rich cultural heritage among residents as part of its ongoing educational program. The Cultural Tourism and Affairs Office and the Quezon City Performing Arts of the city government are also involved in actively enhancing and promoting culture and arts among city residents.
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Chapter 4 Economic Profile and Development
The sector shall discuss the local economic growth and its overall performance looking into: the employment situation; the status of well being of the local populace (income & poverty measurement) and the magnitude of investments in the city with an assessment on the category and growth of economic activities and identified comparative advantages.
4.1 Labor and Employment

The 2003 employment data is the latest available city data. Such city level data is no longer available in the NSO Labor Force Survey (LFS) results from 2004 onwards, only provided are the national and regional (NCR) figure. Based on 2003 data, 64.8% of the citys population (2,345,303) belonged to the working age population or the potentially employable aged 15 years old and over. The working age population is divided into: The economically active population or those in the labor force This group comprised 66.9% or 1,016,000 of the employable population. It is composed of 85.7% employed and 14.3% unemployed. Although majority of the citys working age population are females, the labor force is still dominated by males (male 53.8%, female 46.2%). It could be noted however that there is an increasing participation of females in the workforce. This may be viewed not only in terms of economic considerations but the opening of equal work opportunities to them. The economically inactive population or those not in the labor force The citys economically inactive population is the 33.1% or 503,000 of the employable population composed of housewives, students, retired persons, the sick and the disabled (differently-abled). About 69.8% of those not in the labor force were females. With regards to disabled persons, however, the Magna Carta for Disabled Persons or RA 7277 is ensuring productivity among persons with disabilities to enable them to become active members of the labor force. (Refer to Figure ED-1)
Figure ED -1 Labor Force: 2003
Unemployed
14.3
Employed
85.7
Source: National Statistics Office SOCIO ECOLOGICAL PROFILE 2010
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The citys 2003 employed population totaled 871,000 or 85.7% of the total labor force. Majority (51.7%) or 450,000 of these employed were males. Those employed in the Service Sector accounted for the biggest share of total employment with 80.7% share followed by those employed in the Industry Sector with 19% share. Such figures are complemented by the business data wherein most of the firms/businesses in the city are also in the Service Sector. Workers in Agriculture, on the other hand, comprised the remaining 0.3% of the citys employed population. (See Table ED - 1)
Table ED - 1 Population 15 Yrs. Old & Over by Gender and by Employment Status: 2000 - 2003 Male Year
2000 2001 2002 2003 Persons 15 Yrs. & Over 609,000 648,000 692,000 699,000 Labor Force Employed 382,000 405,000 434,000 450,000 Unemployed 91,000 98,000 86,000 97,000 Total 473,000 503,000 520,000 547,000 Not in the Labor Force 136,000 145,000 172,000 152,000 Persons 15 Yrs. & Over 759,000 815,000 794,000 820,000 Employed 362,000 395,000 400,000 421,000
Female
Labor Force Unemployed 43,000 55,000 60,000 48,000 Total 405,000 450,000 460,000 469,000 Not in the Labor Force 354,000 365,000 334,000 351,000
Dependent on the employed population are those who are of dependent age (below 15 years old), those who are of working age but are economically inactive and the unemployed persons. These individuals totaled 1,474,303 in year 2003. Supported by 871,000 employed persons, this means that there is a 1.7:1 dependency ratio or about two (2) dependents for each worker. With an average household size of about five (5), at least two (2) members are employed. (Refer to Table ED - 2)
Table ED - 2 Population 15 Yrs. Old & Over by Gender and by Employment Status: 2003 Year Employment Status
Total persons 15 yrs. old & over In the labor force Employed Unemployed Not in the labor force
Total
1,519,000 1,016,000 871,000 145,000 503,000
%
100.0 66.9 85.7 14.3 33.1
Male
699,000 547,000 450,000 97,000 152,000
%
46.0 53.8 51.7 66.9 30.2
Female
820,000 469,000 421,000 48,000 351,000
%
54.0 46.2 48.3 33.1 69.8
Employment Rate = 85.7% Unemployment Rate = 14.3%
/Employed Labor Force= 2,345,303 871,000 = 1,474,303 / 871,000 = 1.7:1 or 2:1 Source: National Statistics Office
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Unemployed population comprised 145,000 or 14.3% of the total labor force. Most of these unemployed came from the unskilled, poorly-schooled and lowincome group. Majority (66.9%) of these unemployed are males. This double-digit unemployment rate is due to limited job opportunities, growing labor force attributed to the citys increasing population to include migrants coming to the city and the mismatch of required skills for available jobs. Although the citys unemployment rate is high, it is lower compared to NCRs 16.9% and other neighboring cities such as Manila (15.2%), Makati (15.1%), Pasay (16.3%) and Pasig (14.6%) but higher compared to the 10.6% national rate. The citys employment situation has improved from 2001 to 2003 with unemployment rate decreasing from 16.1% in 2001 to 14.3% in 2003. This shows that the citys labor market was able to generate many jobs for the citys growing labor force. The effort should however be sustained and further intensified as unemployment rate is still high with a double-digit figure. (See Table ED - 3)
Table ED - 3 Population 15 Yrs. Old & Over by Employment Status Rates QC, NCR, Phils.: 2000 - 2003 Persons 15 Yrs. & Year Over (1,000) QC
1,368 1,463 1,486 1,519
Labor Force QC
64.2 65.2 65.9 66.9
Year
2000 2001 2002 2003
Employment Rate Phils QC

84.7 83.9 85.1 85.7
Unemployment Rate QC
15.3 16.1 14.9 14.3
Visible Underemployment Rate QC

4.0 2.8 4.7 3.3
NCR
6,935 7,024 7,220 7,431
Phils
48,945 48,405 49,839 51,280
NCR
62.6 63.8 64.4 63.7
NCR
83.8 82.0 83.9 83.1
Phils
90.7 88.6 89.7 89.4
NCR Phils
16.2 18.0 16.1 16.9 9.3 11.4 10.3 10.6
NCR
5.2 3.9 4.2 3.6
Phils
11.7 9.9 10.8 10.8
65.1 65.5 66.4 65.7
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No employment data on the city level is however available from 2004 onwards as data based on the Labor Force Survey conducted by the NSO are reported on national and regional levels only. In 2007, NCRs employed population totaled 4,070,000 or 87.8% of the total labor force. Majority (56.2%) of these employed were males. Those employed in the Service Sector comprised the largest group (78.5%) followed by those in the Industry Sector (20.6%). The largest group of these workers were employed as Laborers and Unskilled Workers with 24.5% share followed by Officials of Government and Special-Interest Organizations, Corporate Executives, Managers, Managing Proprietors and Supervisors with 15.7% share. Service Workers and Shop and Market Sales Workers ranked third with 13.6% share. By class of worker, majority (74.6%) of these employed were Wage and Salary Workers with Own-Account Workers such as employers and self-employed workers comprising the second largest group (22.6%). A substantial proportion of these employed were high school (34.2%) and college graduates (25.2%).
NCRs 2007 unemployed population totaled 566,000 (male 61.3%, female 38.7%) registering an unemployment rate of 12.2% which is higher than the 7.3% national rate. Said rate has however decreased compared to 14.3% in 2006 mainly attributed to the growth of the call center industry in the country the concentration of which is in Metro Manila as well as other new commercial developments. Based on past trends, the citys unemployment rate has always been shown in previous years to follow close to NCRs unemployment rate but slightly lower and also lower compared to other cities in the region as Manila, Makati and Pasay. With no recent data, projections were therefore applied. Although there is high unemployment rate (a double digit figure), the trend provides a decreasing rate showing a gradually improving employment situation.. Current unemployment rate of the city is considered to be also close to that of NCR considering this trend. (See Table ED - 4)
Table ED - 4 Comparative Unemployment Rates Phils., NCR, QC & other Cities: 2000 2007
Year
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Phils.
9.3 11.4 10.3 10.6 11.8 8.7 7.9 7.3
NCR
16.2 18.0 16.1 16.9 18.1 14.9 14.3 12.2
QC
15.3 16.1 14.9 14.3 -
Manila
15.6 17.1 15.7 15.2 16.9 17.4 15.6 15.1 -
Pasig
13.7 14.8 12.5 14.6 -
Pasay
18.4 22.0 15.2 16.3 -
Cebu
13.4 15.6 14.0 16.2 -
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Despite the citys higher employment rate compared to NCR and other cities in the region, it is important to note the existence of the underemployed. The visibly underemployed or those working less than 40 hours a week and are still looking for work is estimated to be 3.3% of the employed population which is lower compared to previous years figure of 4.7%. Also included among the underemployed are the invisibly underemployed or those working 40 hours or more a week but still want additional work indicating that even the income of those employed at full time jobs is not enough to cope with the increasing cost of living. These visibly underemployed persons contribute to the increasing number engaged in the informal sector. In view of limited employment/livelihood opportunities, many are forced to engage in small-scale, entrepreneurial activities mostly unregistered, unregulated and not monitored forming the informal sector/underground economy such as homeworkers, vendors/ hawkers, drivers, watch-your-car boys, scrap dealers, etc. In 2005, some 62,586 city residents belonging in this sector were surveyed by the citys Public Employment Service Office (PESO). The survey found that, homeworkers comprised the biggest number (30.5%) followed by vendors (22.4%), and that 48.1% of the total informal sector workers are in District II. Aiming to fast track the citys employment facilitation service in matching available jobs and skills requirements is the PESOs Skill-Lista Program. Said program is a comprehensive skills mapping activity through the establishment of Barangay Skills Registry Center in every barangay of the city. To date, a total of 15,388 city residents (aged 18-45) have registered in the program.
Of this total number of registrants, those registered to be having skills as Factory Workers comprised the biggest number with 11.4% share followed by Service Crew and Office Clerk with 7.5% and 6.9% shares, respectively. Others are also forced to seek employment abroad. Based on data from the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA), total number of deployed Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) who came from Quezon City in year 2007 reached 11,272 comprising 20.8% of NCRs total deployment (second to Manila with 22.3% share) and 1.05% of the national figure. About 55.2% of these OFWs were males. Production and Related Workers, Transport Equipment Operators and Laborers comprised the biggest share of 36.8% followed by Service Workers with 32.6% share. Professional, Technical and Related Workers ranked third with 19.5% of citys total OFWs. Those belonging to the 25-34 age bracket comprised the majority (52.9%) of these OFWs followed by those in the 35-44 age group (26.5%). During the period 2005-2007, total number of citys OFWs increased at an annual average of 200.5% from 1,914 in 2005 to 11,272 in 2007. (See Tables ED - 5 & Table ED - 6) It is important to note however that there is mismatch of skills for jobs abroad. Due to limited job opportunities in the city and the country, many job applicants seeking employment abroad end up accepting jobs not commensurate to their educational attainment or field of expertise. Also contributing to the citys unemployment problem are returning OFWs because of non-renewal of their work contracts abroad.
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Table ED - 5 Deployed Overseas Filipino Workers by Age Group: 2005 - 2007
2005 Age Group

15 24 25 34 35 44 45 & Over Total Source: POEA
2006 %
17.5 52.3 22.8 7.4 100.0
2007 %
15.8 52.6 25.2 6.4 100.0
Year
Number
335 1,001 436 142 1,914
Number
1,446 4,809 2,307 583 9,145
Number
1,393 5,966 2,983 930 11,272
%
12.4 52.9 26.5 8.2 100.0
Table ED - 6 Deployed Overseas Workers by Skills: 2005 - 2007
2005 Number
Professional, Technical & Related Workers & Managerial Workers Clerical and Related Workers Sales Workers Service Workers Transport Equipment Operators & Laborers Agriculture, Animal Husbandry & Forestry Total
Source: POEA
2006 %
27.7 0.7 3.5 2.5 29.6 35.9 0.1 100
2007 %
17.2 0.4 4.2 3.2 41.4 33.3 0.3 100
Number
1,576 34 3.5 388 29.6 3,048 25 9,145
Number
2,201 64 737 414 3,678 4,151 27 11,272
%
19.5 0.6 6.5 3.7 32.6 36.8 0.3 100
530 14 66 47 567 688 2 1,914
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4.2 Family and income expenditure

There is no available city level data in 2003 Family Income & Expenditure Survey (FIES) report (survey conducted every 3 years) by the NSO. From 2003 onwards the FIES results only show the national up to the regional level data. Data on the Citys monthly family income in year 2000, was registered at P32,757, higher than Metro Manilas monthly family income (P25,025) and that of the country (P12,093). Compared to other cities, Makati City had the highest monthly family income in the region placed at P44,504. Estimated monthly real per capita income of the city is P8,140 also higher than NCR which is P6,617.31. (See Table ED - 7)
Table ED - 7 Average Family Income Phils., NCR, QC & other Cities: 1991 2006
Year
2006 2003 2000 1997 1994 1991
Income (in thousand pesos) Phils.

14,394 12,324 12,093 10,264 6,930 5,432
NCR
25,916 22,204 25,025 22,583 14,467 11,521
QC
*** *** 32,757 34,502 15,798 13,081 *** *** 44,504 38,700 24,174 -
Manila
*** *** 21,346 16,205 12,220 10,301
Pasig
*** *** 26,425 20,192 12,863 9,760
Pasay
*** *** 20,491 17,768 11,774 8,508
Source: NSO, FIES *** No city data disaggregation for year 2003 & 2006
Table ED - 8 Average Family Expenditure (Phils., NCR, QC & other Cities: 1991 2006)
Year
2006 2003 2000 1997 1994 1991
Expenditure (in thousand pesos) Phils.

12,263 10,308 9,903 8,295 5,638 4,333
NCR
21,500 18,159 22,204 18,153 11,535 8,811
QC
*** *** 29,577 25,896 12,566 9,798 *** *** 32,252 28,372 18,814 -
Manila
*** *** 16,257 13,658 10,439 8,325
Pasig
*** *** 21,117 17,813 10,129 7,905
Pasay
*** *** 16,915 15,436 10,016 7,237
Source: NSO, FIES *** No city data disaggregation for year 2003 & 2006
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The latest 2006 FIES data, show the national monthly family income at P14,394 lower than that of NCR which is P25,916. There was a decrease of 12.63% on the NCRs monthly family income from P22,204 (2003) to P25,916 (2006). The citys monthly family income has always been shown in previous years to be always higher than the NCRs and also higher compared to other cities in the region (except Makati) such as Manila, Pasig and Pasay. With no recent available data, based on trend, QC average monthly income would likely also have no significant increase from its 2003 data.
Table ED - 9 Comparative Table on Household Income and Expenditure 1985 2006 (in thousand pesos)
Year
2006 2003 2000 1997 1994 1991 1988 1985
Income QC
*** *** 32,757 34,502 15,798 13,081 8,147 P5,450
Expenditure Phils.
14,394 12,324 12,093 10,264 6,930 5,432 3,367 P2,588
NCR
25,916 22,204 25,025 22,583 14,467 11,521 6,610 P4,766
QC
*** *** 29,577 25,896 12,566 9,798 6,213 4,655
NCR
21,500 18,159 22,204 18,153 11,535 8,811 5,030 P 4,038
Phils.
12,263 10,308 9,903 8,295 5,638 4,333 2,710 P2,239
Source: NSO, FIES *** No city disaggregation
Data also shows that from 1994 to 2000, there has been a substantial decrease in poverty incidence (citys household falling below poverty line set by the NSCB at P8,857) from almost 50% in 1994 to a low of 28.44% (about 128,009 total number of households) in year 2000. There have been some reservations on this big decrease due to the small size of the sample of the city used in the survey. Based on 2008 projections, this total number of households falling below poverty line will reach about 156,348. There is a great disparity in income distribution amongst city families. Families belonging to the upper income class (16.44%) registered a very high monthly income of about P107,607 which is way above the income of the families of the middle and lower income classes which are P28,913 & P7,565 respectively. (Refer to Table ED-10)
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Chapter 4 Economic Profile and Development Table ED - 10 Family Income & Expenditure by Income Class: 2000
Income Class
Total No. of Families

1,504 2,052 15,704 26,322 82,427 120,667 127,433 74,033 450,143
Income Total Average (in P1,000) (in P)

48,090 116,262 1,111,693 2,389,626 10,336,557 23,130,245 44,213,563 95597,193 176,943,228 31,974 56,658 70,790 90,784 125,403 191,687 346,955 1,291,278 393,082
Expenditure Monthly Total Average Income (in P1,000) (in P)

2,665 4,722 5,899 7,565 10,450 15,974 28,913 107,607 P32,757 55,371 124,289 1,150,771 2,416,294 10,137,931 21,179,078 38,109,432 86,590,603 159,763,769 36,816 60,570 73,279 91,797 122,993 175,517 299,055 1,169,622 354,918
Savings Average Monthly (in P) Income

-
Under P10,000 10,000 19,999 20,000 29,999 30,000 39,999 40,000 49,999 50,000 59,999 60,000 79,999 80,000 99,999 100,000 149,999 150,000 249,999 250,000 499,999 500,000 & over TOTAL
3,068 5,048 6,107 7,650 10,249 14,626 24,921 97,469 P29,577 -3,912 -2,419 -1,010 2,419 16,170 47,900 121,654 175,892 -4,841
Source: National Statistics Office (NSO)
Majority (63%) of the citys families rely on wages & salaries as their main source of income (the percent share of income coming from Non-Agricultural sector e.g. salesmen, hostesses, etc. on commission, tip or piece rate basis) 20% derived their income from leasing of properties, cash receipts, pensions and other forms of assistance from local and abroad while the remaining 17% derived their income from entrepreneurial activities or the small scale businesses. (See Figure ED-2)
Figure ED - 2 Families by Main Source of Income: 2000
Others
17%
Enterpreneurial Services
20%
Wages & Salaries,
63%
Source: National Statistics Office (NSO) SOCIO ECOLOGICAL PROFILE 2010
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Data on citys families belonging to the lower income group show no savings at all (a negative P12,251) which mean that they even resort to borrowings to augment their daily expenses. Inasmuch as these families wanted to engage in other business activities, there is no other opportunity to uplift their living condition for lack of money. Middle income class earner on the other hand registered an average savings of P66,489 which means that they have the chance to engaged in other business activities in order to improve their living condition. The high income class earner recorded a very high savings of P121,654 whose likely have the opportunity to engage or explore in other business activities. (See Table ED-11)
Table ED - 11 City Average Family Savings1994 2000 (in thousand pesos)
Income Class
LOW (Under 10,000 -99,000) MIDDLE (100,000 -499,999) HIGH (500,000 & Over) TOTAL
Source: NSO, FIES
1994 Total Ave. (p)

879,174 7,809
Savings 1997 Total Ave. (p)

25,491 4,37
1998 Total Ave. (p)

117,572 -12,251
4,275,454
25,714
3,881,619
21,991
8,055,298
66,489
8,514,629
115,672
37,279,640
236,354
9,006,590
121,655
3,669,257
149,195
40,186,750
258,782
17,179,460
175,892
The 2000 monthly family expenditure of P29,577 is also higher than Metro Manilas monthly family expenditure of P22,204. On the other hand, 2003 monthly family expenditure of the national and metro manila was registered at P10,308 and P18,159, respectively.
The citys families falling under the poverty line (55% of which is computed as food threshold and 45% for non-food) or those in the lowest income brackets are observed to have little income to be able to cope with the increasing cost of living and meet their basic needs As to the 2000 citys monthly family expenditure pat- such as food, clothing, shelter, mobility, and educatern of households major portion of the family income tion. Many of them usually resort to borrowings or is spent on basic needs such as food (31.9%), followed seek other sources of income in order to meet their by shelter (25.6%), mobility (10.5%), fuel, light and financial requirements especially during times of crisis. water (5.5%), and education (3.8%). Food remains on To help these families, the city offers employment and the top of the familys budget however an 11.3% de- financial assistance, livelihood programs and projects creased was accounted from 1991 to 2000 proportion. such as soft and hard skills training (e.g. food processA minimal increased on housing was posted from 18.9 ing, sewing, etc) as an alternative means to augment % in 1991 to 25.6% in 2000. their financial problems. (See Table ED - 12)
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Chapter 4 Economic Profile and Development Table ED - 12 Percent Distribution of Total Family Expenditure by Expenditure Group: Phils., NCR and Quezon City (2000)
Expenditure Item
Food Rent/Rental value occupied dwelling unit
QC 1994
36.9 21.8 6.4
Phils. 2000
31.9 25.6 10.5 5.5 3.8 3.1 1.9 1.7 2.1 4.4 3.5 1.3 1.9 1.8
NCR 2000
35.8 21.6 9.0 6.4 4.2 3.4 2.5 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.9 1.6 3.2 2.4
1997
30.8 25.4 9.0 5.1 3.9 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.5 3.0 2.9 1.7 6.3 4.8
2000
43.1 13.1 1.3 6.5 4.0 3.9 3.8 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.2 2.2 2.1 3.2
Fuel, light and water
5.7 4.1 2.7
Miscellaneous Expenditures Other expenditures Clothing, Footwear and other wear Durable furniture, Equipment
2.5 2.9 3.0 3.7 3.1
Medical care Taxes Paid Others (Tobacco, Alcohol Beverages, House maintenance & Minor repairs, Total
Source: NSO, FIES
2.3 2.9 5.4
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
Table below shows that the national and NCRs inflation rate recorded an unstable trend from year 2000 to 2006. However, NCR registered a higher rate of 8.6% compared to the national rate of 7.6%. (See Table ED - 13)
Table ED - 13 Purchasing Power of Peso (PPP), Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Inflation Rate (IR): Phils. & NCR (2000 2008)
Year
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008*
Source: NSO
Philippines PPP
1.00 .94 .91 .88 .83 .77 .73
Metro Manila IR
4.3 6.1 3.1 3.8
CPI
100.00 108.80 110.00 113.80 120.60 129.80 137.90
PPP
1.00 .93 .90 .87 .83
CPI
100 107.10 110.50 114.50 121.10 131.50 140.70 144.4 158.6
IR
4.6 7.1 3.2 3.6 5.8 8.6 7.0 2.6 8.6
6.0 7.6
.76 .71 .69 .63
* As of July 2008 data
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Table ED - 14 Daily Minimum Wage Rate NCR: 2001 2008
The 2008 minimum wage of workers is set at P382, an increase of 5.5% from the 2007 minimum wage of P362. Such increase is still insufficient to cover up the familys expenses for basic goods and services due to the effect of price increases and fluctuating purchasing power of peso (NCRs Consumer Price Index increased from 144.0 2007 to 158.6 in July 2008) brought about by inflation. Additional increase is expected to augment to the workers wage deficiency. (See Table ED - 14)
Amount
November 5, 2001 February 1, 2002 July 10, 2004 June 16, 2005 July 11, 2006 August 28, 2007 P 265.00 280.00 300.00 325.00 350.00 362.00
Source: Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)
4.2.1 Food Security
also be bought from the grocery stores, supermarkets, hypermarkets, etc. which strategically located within In terms of food supply, the city ensures that adequate, residential and commercial zones/areas and through accessible and affordable food supply to its constitu- the combination of domestic production coming from ents always available to its existing eighty-four (84) various parts of the country. It could be noted that markets (8 public markets and 76 private markets). the city in coordination with the national agencies conThese markets however, were found to be poor in stantly control and monitors food supply and distribuphysical condition (old and dilapidated) and undergone tion in order to stabilize the supply and demand so as only minor repairs/renovations and less patronized by not to experience deficits. market goers. However, basic goods/foods, etc. can On Livestock and Poultry Based on data of the Office of the City Veterinarian which handles the meat inspection, the daily average of slaughtered hogs and cattle from poor and limited (three (3) existing slaughterhouses operating in the city are as follows:
Table ED - 15 Daily Average of Slaughtered Animals
Year
2006 2005 2004 2003
Hogs
562 527 476 466 14 18 16 16
Carabao
9 10 10 10
Chicken
7,028 8,014 12,651 12,412
Considering the number of wet and dry markets in the city, it could be noted that not all markets get their meat from the citys slaughterhouses in view that it is not properly maintained and no assurance that meat supply are safe. There are however, fresh meat and frozen meat coming from other slaughterhouses from neighboring provinces and imported from abroad, respectively, sold from various markets, grocery stores/ outlets, etc. On the other hand, the actual citys meat requirements based on Bureau of Agricultural Statistics-Department of Agriculture (BAS-DA) Consumption Survey/ Study is estimated at 972 hogs and 158 cattle.
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Chapter 4 Economic Profile and Development Table ED - 16 Meat Requirements of the City
Hogs
11.92 kls 2,679,450 Total Average Daily 87,491 kls 972
Source: BAS-DAR
5.16 kls. 2,679,450 37,885 kls 158
This computed data provides proof on the deficiency of meat supply by existing slaughterhouses. On Rice As per National Food Authority (NFA) data, NCRs rice distribution as of July 2008 data, totaled to 924,739 sacks of rice distributed to its NFAs authorized dealers/retailers. Rice import arrivals registered a total of 1,683,855 sacks of rice coming from United States of America, Thailand, Malaysia, etc. Stocks of rice from NFA depot are usually source from top producer provinces in Luzon namely: Pangasinan, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Pampanga, Bulacan and Mindoro provinces. NFA maintain and manages the government rice buffer stock for food security and stabilization purposes which means that no shortage of rice would be encountered in times of calamity/emergency. On Fish and On Vegetables Fish sold in various markets, talipapas/flea markets, supermarkets usually come from Navotas Fish Port. Some come from Cavite, Batangas, Quezon and as far as from Visayas and Mindanao. Vegetables, on the other hand, usually come from Baguio, Pangasinan, Isabela, Bulacan, Pampanga, Bicol, etc. There are however, some barangays that resort to backyard farming and sold their crops at a lower price. At present notable Bagsakan Area selling cheaper price of vegetables, fish, fruits, etc are strategically located at the following (See Table ED -17):
Table ED - 17 Bagsakan Area
Foods
Livestock & Poultry Meat Beef Chicken Fish Vegetables Fruits Balintawak Area, All public / private markets, supermarkets, grocery stores, talipapas, etc Farmers Market, Mega Q-Mart Balintawak Area, Mega Q-Mart Market Q-Mart Market, Balintawak Market NFA authorized dealers, All public / private markets, grocery stores, supermarkets, etc
Source/Remarks
North and South Provinces
Navotas Fish Port, Cavite, Laguna, Quezon, etc Baguio, Pangasinan, Central Luzon, Bicol North and South provinces (Bicol, Baguio, Pangasinan, Mindanao, etc) Provinces of Luzon, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Pampanga, Bulacan & Mindoro.
Rice
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4.3 Industry & Service

Businesses in the city are dominated by small to medium-scale establishments engaged mostly in the distribution of finished products and in the provision of basic personal services. As of 2008, the number of registered business establishments totaled to 43,860 (New 11,110; Renewal 32,750) a decrease of 22.83% from the previous year. Minimal growth in number of businesses was also shown in preceding years (See Table ED - 18)
Table ED - 18 Business Establishment Issued with Permits: 2002 - 2008
Year
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
New
13,234 17,181 14,542 12,579 12,058 10,792 11,110
Renewal
27,188 35,546 34,638 39,997 44,740 46,046 32,750
Total
40,422 52,727 49,180 52,576 56,753 56,838 43,860
Source: Business Permits & License Office (BPLO)
It could be noted also that 20% of the annual registered number of businesses do not renew their permits which may be due to shutting down of operations or merely may have continued operations without the required Business Permits. The following efforts have continually been undertaken to sustain and increase the number of businesses, these are: Improvement of registration procedures and facilities; Provision of incentives: 10% discount on prompt annual payment of Business taxes & 20% discount on prompt payment of real property taxes; 50% discount on business taxes to business enterprises with assets of not more than P3 million. (Barangay Micro Business Enterprises BMBEs Law - RA No. 9178); Lower land values and taxes as compared to those of other cities/municipalities in Metro Manila. Apprehension of business operators without permits The city classifies businesses according to those types provided in the City Revenue Code which is different from that provided in the Philippine Standard Industry Classification (PSIC) used and required by national agencies. The PSIC provides three (3) major divisions, namely: Agriculture, Industry and Services which are further subdivided into class and sub-class.
107
Agriculture Industry Services
: : : Wholesale/Retail Trade; Transport, Storage
Social & Personal Services.
Efforts were made applying the PSIC to the 2008 business data (for some 30,000 establishments) from the BPLO. Registered establishments show that the Service Sector has the highest share with 91.627%, followed by the Industry Sector with only 8.366%. Being a highly urbanized city, agricultural activities have a very small share. The operations in the Agriculture Sector are merely backyard farming and livestock raising activities with no substantial share on the growth of citys economy. (See Table ED 19)
Table ED - 19 Percent Distribution of Business Establishments by Industry Classification and by District: Quezon City 2008
Year
Agriculture
District I
District II
0.005
District III
District IV
0.002
Sub-total
0.007
Total
0.007
Industry Mining & Quarryin g Electric, Gas & Water 0.708 Manufacturing 2.019 0.636 1.442 0.636 0.851 0.019 0.934 1.120 0.019 2.915 5.432
8.366
Services Wholesale/Retail Trad e 12.880 1.230 6.125 Hotels & Restaurant s 2.078 1.042 Health & Social Wor k 0.622 0.331 Other Community, Social & Personal Service s 1.466 28.507 11.092 0.980 4.521 1.359 1.073 0.501 0.613 1.535 23.757 7.450 0.770 5.389 2.135 0.958 0.539 0.360 1.027 20.115 10.520 0.891 7.510 2.617 1.089 0.870 0.539 1.518 27.629 41.942 3.871 23.545 8.189 4.161 2.532 1.842 5.546
91.627
100.000
District I has the most number of registered businesses with about 28.50% of the total firms; followed by District IV and District II with 27.63% and 23.75% shares respectively. District III accounted for only 20.12% share of the citys total establishments.
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4.3.1 Services
ment of people and commerce. Various strategies/ programs have been undertaken to include efficient The services sector contributes the highest number of assistance services (expeditious processing of business businesses and accounts for a major share to the citys permits), good infrastructures, improved communieconomy. The biggest share amongst its sub-sectors cation, stable policies and additional local incentives. is the Wholesale/Retail Trade which accounted for The city has close coordination with existing business 41.94% of the total registered establishments. This is association / organization such as the QC Chamber of evidenced by the existence of its numerous shopping Commerce, QC Association of Filipino-Chinese Busimalls (to wit: giant SM City complex plus the three (3) nessmen, the Araneta Group of Companies, etc. These SM malls, the Robinsons & Ever-Gotesco malls, Gate- efforts has given the city the Hall of Fame Award from way Mall and the big Trinoma Center) and supermar- the Philippine Chamber of Commerce & Industry (most kets located in various parts of the city. Also included prominent business organization) as the Most Busiare those engaged in various types of repair services ness Friendly City in the country for three consecutive such as auto repair shops, household appliance and years (2003, 2004 & 2005), it is the first LGU to receive electronic equipment repair shops. The Real Estate, such an award. Renting & Other Business Activities (leasing of real properties, consultancy & law offices, janitorial/messengerial/labor services, real estate broker/developer) The city continues to attract investors with its various ranks second with about 24% of total registered firms. plus factors, namely: The third is the Hotels and Restaurants category with Expansive Land - it has 160 sq. kilometer urban land8.2% followed by Other Community, Social & Per- scape spread over one-fourth of Metropolitan Manila sonal Services, 5.5% (e.g. beauty salons, dress shops, Reasonably Priced Real Estate - real estate land value computer shops etc), Financial Intermediation, 4.16% and taxes compared to other cities providing cost ef(e.g. pawnshops/money shops/financing & holding fective location companies); Transport & Communication, 4% (includes Strategic Location - it is in the heart of Metro Manila; the big transport companies & bus lines mostly locat- it is accessible from the major highways and thoroughed along major thoroughfares as well as the big major fares and mass transit system of Metro Manila TV networks & other telecommunication services); Young Manpower Pool - about 1/3 of the citys popuHealth & Social Works, 2.5 % (consists of operations lation are less than 15 years old. Strengthening this of citys hospitals, clinics, laboratories, etc); and lastly young population are the numerous colleges/universiEducation 1.8% (composed of the colleges, universities and training centers (which include the prestigious University of the Philippines, Ateneo de Manila, Mirities, vocational schools & other training institutions). am College, etc.) Large Consumer Market - the city has the largest pop4.3.2 Industry ulation in the country providing a big consumer market for investors. Manufacturing had the biggest number of businesses in the industry sector with a 5.4% share, mostly en- Close private sector partnership (such as the QC Chamgaged in printing / publishing and other printing ser- ber of Commerce, the QC Association of Filipino-Chivices. Many of the big manufacturing businesses (i.e. nese Businessmen, the Araneta Group of Companies, paper, steel, cement are mostly located in the citys etc.) are continuously being maintained. Linkages traditional industrial districts - along Quirino Highway and accessibility have also been greatly improved to in Novaliches, Balingasa, Pag-ibig sa Nayon and east facilitate movement of people and commerce. Various side of E-Rodriguez Jr. Avenue in Ugong Norte. Next strategies / programs have been undertaken to include to Manufacturing is the Construction Industry with efficient assistance services (expeditious processing about 3 % of the total number of firms (composed of of business permits), good infrastructures, improved construction of buildings, site preparation & develop- communication, stable policies and provision of variment, Architectural & Engineering works etc.). ous incentives. To entice business / investments, linkages and accessibility have been greatly improved to facilitate move109
Business incentives being offered not only by the local government but the national government as well are as follows: National Incentives: 100% foreign equity in all investments except those reserved for Filipinos by mandate of the Philippine Constitution. Income Tax Holiday for 6 years for pioneer firms and 4 years for non-pioneer firms. Tax Credit on raw materials, supplies and semi-manufactures products.
Local Incentives: Other local incentives: 10% discount on prompt annual payment of Business Taxes; 20% discount on prompt annual payment of real property taxes. 50% discount on business taxes to business enterprises with assists of not more than P3 million. (Barangay Micro Business Enterprises BMBEs Law - RA No. 9178)
In an overall ranking of Asian cities 2007/2008 made by the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Quezon City has been cited to be among those with the best prospects Special Investors Resident Visa. for inward investments and rapid economic development it ranked 7th place in the Asian community Employment of foreign nationals. and 1st in the country with Hong Kong, Singapore and Taipei getting the topmost positions. In specific catGranting of Special Economic Zone status to tourism egories, the city ranked 5th and 3rd in the Best Ecodevelopment zones and tourism estates and other innomic Potential and Most Cost Effective respectively. centives provided for under Special Economic Zone Act The Philippine Competitiveness Ranking Project 2007 of 1995 (RA 7916). spearheaded by the Asian Institute of Management also presented favorable findings wherein the city Private sector participation through Build-Operateranked as No. 1 in competitiveness in Metro Manila.. Transfer (BOT) arrangement with the national implementing agencies and local government units (LGUs).
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4.4 TOURISM
By and large, the tourism industry in Quezon City continues to be a major contributor to the growth of the Philippine economy, hence considered as one of the tourists spots in the Philippines. As of 2007, the number of tourist arrivals in the Philippines totaled to 3,091,993. The National Capital Region gets a major share of the countrys tourist arrivals. Based on Department of Tourism (DOT) NCR report, the regions tourists composed of 32% domestic travelers and 68% foreign travelers. The most number of travelers that contributed the largest share of visitors come mainly from East Asia (China, Hongkong, Japan, Korea and Taiwan) which is 39.62% and followed by North America (Canada & USA) which is 7.21% from the total NCR tourists. There are no available data on citys share of tourist arrivals. (See Table ED - 20)
Table ED - 20 2007 Distribution of Regional Travelers in the Philippines: NCR
Countries
Asean East Asia South Asia North America Oceania Europe Middle East Total Foreign Travelers Overseas Filipinos
Total
36,622 415,082 3,783 75,513 16,480 33,947 7,721 56,147 645,295 64,241 338,198
% Total
3.50 39.62 .36 7.21 1.57 3.24 .14 5.36 67.72 67.72 32.28
The global crisis is projected to favor short haul trips and make the extremely high-end outbound market segments in nearby Japan, Korea, China, and Southeast Asia to really consider visiting the Philippines instead of the expensive European & North American destinations. (See Table ED - 21)
Table ED - 21 Distribution of Visitor Arrivals to the Philippines 2001 - 2007
Year
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Source: DOT, Manila
Volume
1,796,893 1,932,677 1,907,226 2,291,352 2,623,084 2,843,345 3,091,993
%Increase / Decrease
9.8 7.6 -1.3 20.1 14.5 8.4 8.7
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Foreign investors in tourism business will find the Philippines very attractive since it is one of the very few that are least affected by the world crisis and whose economy appears to be one of the more stable in the region. So therefore its a boom to our tourism industry, which we have to gear up in terms of highly qualified professionals and highly skilled personnel. By 2010, national target on volume of foreign tourists is expected to grow to 5.0 million. Revenue from tourism is reflected in the amount of tourism visitor receipts. The Philippines actual tourism visitor receipts from January to December 2007 reached to 4.8M (in Million US$) which is 40.99% increase from the 1.4M visitor receipts of the same period last year. (See Table ED - 22)
Table ED - 22 Visitor Receipts: 2001 2007 (In million US$)
Year
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Source: DOT, Manila
Volume
1,722.70 1,740.06 1,522.68 1,990.81 2,236.05 3,465.00 4,885.37
%Increase / Decrease
-19.3 1.0 -12.5 30.7 12.3 55 41
The location of Quezon City in relation to the visitors entry points (Airport and Pier) has contributed greatly to the inflow of various tourists in the city. QC is the main gateway, linking Metro Manila to all Northern and Southern Luzon expressways. It is easily accessible from the major highways, thoroughfares and mass transit systems. It has the EDSA as the longest highway in the metropolis and has the Commonwealth Avenue as the countrys widest. It is so expansive that its eastern areas are connected to the main C-5 highway. It offers easy access to the North Luzon Expressway (NLEX) that takes tourists to their destinations at Clark, Subic, Baguio and other parts in Northern Philippines. The city has numerous bus terminals where tourists can take a land trip to provinces in Luzon. It has also the light railroad systems that include the LRTs and MRTs stations that are interconnected within the city for tourists to commute easily. The major purposes of visitors for coming to the region are to spend holidays, to visit friends & relatives, on of-
ficial/business trips, on educational, religious and civic missions, for health/medical treatment, consultation, & conventions, and for sports & entertainment. Mode of travel mostly is by air which is 98.38% and by sea which is only 1.62%. It has greater number of male travelers (60.88%) than the female travelers (37.97%), while 1.15% are travelers who are either male or female. Visitors have a wide range of choices in site and location as far as accommodation is concerned. Quezon City offers different classification of hotels. All over the city, smaller hotels provide moderately priced and comfortable accommodation. Out of 71 accredited hotels in the National Capital Region (NCR), as of January 31, 2009, Quezon City has only eight (8) accredited hotels. Below is the comparison of the number and classification of hotels per city/municipality: (See Table ED - 23)
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Table ED - 23 Comparative Number of Hotels by Classification per City/Municipality (2007)
City / Municipality
Manila Mandaluyong Pasay Paranaque Quezon City 3rd San Juan Caloocan Pasig Las Pinas Total NCR Total all Regions Total Philippines
Source: DOT, Records
% to total
39.4 % 20.0 % 7.0 % 8.4 % 2.8 % 11.2 % 1.4 % 1.4 % 5.6 % 2.8 % -
No. of Hotels
28 14 5 6 2 8 1 1 4 2 71 106 177
No. of Rooms
4,368 3,983 993 1,786 77 1,020 56 76 854 419 13,632 8,981 22,613
Economy Standard 1st Class De Luxe

5 3 1 2 2 1 14 33 47 15 5 4 2 4 1 31 55 86 3 1 1 3 8 14 22 5 6 1 2 1 1 18 4 22
1st 2nd
At present, the Philippines has a total of 177 accredited hotels with 22,613 number of rooms, classified as De Luxe ( 22 hotels ), 1st class ( 22 hotels ), Standard ( 86 hotels ), Economy ( 47 hotels ). It came out that the Standard class hotel has the most number of hotels followed by the Economy hotel. The scheduled opening of new international hotels in various parts of the Philippines in 2009 and 2010 with some 3,000 new rooms is expected to make Philippine Tourism even more competitive and attractive, though the country is facing the global financial crunch.
Average length of stay of guests of accredited and nonaccredited hotels in Metro Manila for 2007 was 2.45 nights, shorter than the 2.56 nights average length of stay recorded during the same period in year 2006. Also, the overall average occupancy rate of hotels in Metro Manila for 2007 was 73.06%, a little higher compared to year 2006 which is 71.95%. This is based on the Philippines Travel & Tourism Statistics of 2007. The city has actually two (2) embassies (Colombia and Cyprus). However, it has only very few modern hotel facilities to accommodate the tourists. (See Table ED - 24)
Table ED - 24 Average Length of Stay / Occupancy Rate
Average Length of Stay Hotel Class

Deluxe First Class Standard Economy Average
Average Occupancy Rate 2007

73.84% 75.89% 71.81% 61.76% 73.06%
2007
2.61 2.49 2.53 1.85 2.45
2006
2.52 2.54 2.74 1.98 2.56
2006
73.63% 72.32% 70.29% 58.42% 71.95%
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As a powerful growth engine, tourism catalyzes economic development, it produces huge exchange movements and accommodates big investments. The city may capitalize on its tourist marketing points: As Wellness Center - One of the main reasons for the tourists in visiting the city is the existence of its foremost medical institutions. A fast-evolving reputation is that of being the wellness capital of the Philippines. The City is the only city with a high number of internationally renowned specialty hospitals that can form the base of a thriving health & wellness industry. It has the most number of hospitals, with the biggest bed capacity. Among the twenty (20) government and private hospitals in the city are the internationally known St. Lukes Medical Center (a 650-bed, international-standard hospital facility), Philippine Heart Center (wellequipped, specialty hospital in cardiovascular), National Kidney and Transplant Institute (premier, ISO-certified facility for renal disease & organ transplant), Lung Center (specialty hospital for pulmonary diseases) and the Philippine Orthopedic Hospital. These medical institutions are often sites of medical conventions/forums/ seminars and serve as the destinations of physicians interested in learning new/modern developments in medical fields. Also, the city is the site for numerous health and other wellness services such as diagnostic, dental health and beauty clinics, rehabilitation centers, nursing homes and health spas, alternative healing centers, and the now very demanding physical fitness centers/gyms.
Located also in the city is a unique residential convalescent and day care homes for the elderly and retirees suitable for domestics and foreign clients. These services-oriented endeavors put the City well into the center of health and medical tourism industry. As ICT Capital - Quezon City has been recently declared as the ICT Capital of the Philippines having the highest concentration of IT Parks/Economic Zones and having the biggest contribution in the growth of Business Process Outsourcing-Call Center Industries, IT infrastructure & educational programs as well. The city plays a major role in the growth of ICT field. Based on data from the Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA), there are at present 33 ICT Parks/Buildings in the city. The Eastwood City Cyberpark in Libis was cited as the first and the biggest IT Park in the country. The industry will continue to be a significant attraction of local and foreign tourists/investors with still other ICT projects being developed in different parts of the city to include the on-going construction of Science and Technology Park area along Commonwealth Avenue and dubbed as the Silicon Valley of the Philippines. (See Table ED 25) The ICT, with all its power to provide virtual travel experience and on-line impersonal communication for the Global Villagers, provide tourism in person-to-world experience, a window-shop to the world. ICT empowers tourism, with its newly develop e-commerce system already taking over the entire country, tourism finds an effective marketing ally in ICT.
Table ED - 25 Comparative Number of PEZA Registered ICT Parks and Buildings/Centers (as of April 30, 2009)
ICT Parks City / Municipality

1 Quezon City Cebu Mandaluyong Philippines except MM & Cebu Total
Source: DOT, Records
ICT Buildings Total

2 11 2 2 9 30 56 28 8 9 6 22 21 94
In Progress
1 7 0 1 4 17 30 4 2 1 5 13 26
In Progress
11 14 13 5 29 35 107
Total
39 22 22 11 51 56 201
Total ICT Parks & Buildings

41 33 24 13 60 86 257
Employment Data (2008)

44,836 27,388 10,254 23,771 31,996 15,296 153,541
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As Entertainment and Recreational Center The city has been known as the center of media operations because of high concentration of Television and radio stations prompting many to call the city as the entertainment capital of the country. Located in the city are the nine (9) major television networks including the two (2) biggest in the land - - ABS-CBN and the GMA Networks. These stations provide live shows, game shows, kiddy shows or celebrity shows which regularly draw crowds of fans coming from all over the country in order to participate or see their favorite stars. At present particularly the giant stations have hooked to international cable system to provide Filipinos abroad or even foreign viewers for entertainment events/shows in the Philippines. As recreational center, the city has 17 big shopping malls sitting center stage in practically every dense community cluster. Among these are the giant SM Malls, Robinson Malls, Ever Gotesco Mall, the new Gateway Shopping Complex, the Shopwise Shopping Center and the new giant Trinoma Shopping Complex. All these shopping Centers are of international standards and fit for tourist visitors. Inside these malls are excellent recreational and entertainment facilities such as amusement centers, physical fitness centers, modern cinemas and restaurants (from fine dining to fast food which fits the tourists pleasure). All throughout the city are also wide array of restaurants offering gourmet delights from mouth watering native specialties to international cuisines. Popular of these are seen along Tomas Morato (declared as restaurant row), West, Timog and Quezon Avenues to include the famous Eastwood City which is practically known as the dining village of the city. Though visited in the day for fine dining experience, the area also become livelier at night time for its bars, night clubs, live band shows, discotheque, etc. The Banawe St. is also becoming a tourist spot with the growth of various Chinese Restaurants in the vicinity and for these reasons that it is now
known as the China Town of Quezon City. For sport and other health buffs, the city offers various facilities such as amusement, golf courses, bowling lanes, swimming pools and other facilities. Among them are: the Celebrity Sports Plaza, Capitol Hills Golf Club, and Capitol City Sports. As National Government Center - Envisioned as the center for tourism, Quezon City is the seat of many important government offices such as the Batasan Pambansa, the Sandigan Bayan, Civil Service Commission etc. Aside from being host to the National Government Center, it is also the site of the nations Executive, Legislative and Judicial offices. Found Near and around the area of QC Hall are other national government offices like: the Department of Natural Resources, Department of Agriculture, Department of Agrarian Reform, Bureau of Internal Revenue, etc. Below are list of other government agencies that are located in the city: As Educational Center - Two universities are wellknown in the Asia-Pacific region, the government-run University of the Philippines (UP) and the private Ateneo de Manila University. Aside from these, there are university-level institutions that exist and at par with other learning institutions abroad offering both academic and technical/vocational courses. Quezon City metamorphosed into a highly urbanized area, its historical facets are carefully restored and preserved. To complement the development of the city is its wide array of historical sites/landmarks, & tourism oriented facilities:Historical Sites - Several places in the city are sites of the Philippine historical events such as the Pugad Lawin Shrine where the first freedom cry of the Filipinos was held and the famous EDSA shrine where the bloodless EDSA revolution of 1986 was undertaken which was acclaimed by the freedom lovers all over the world.
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Other significant historical sites in the city are as follows
Historical Sites
Quezon Memorial Shrine Tandang Sora Shrine Bantayog ng mga Bayani People Power Monument Gen Lawton Monument Balintawak Monument : : : : : : : Himlayang Pilipino : Banlat Rd., Bgy. Pasong Tamo EDSA, Bgy. Ugong Norte EDSA, Bgy. Ugong Norte Bgy. Bagong Siliangan EDSA, Bgy. Balingasa Bgy. Damayan Bgy. Pasong Tamo
Landmarks - There are interesting landmarks within the city which identify it as uniquely Quezon City. Among them are: Quezon Memorial Circle (constructed as a memorial of the late Pres. Quezon), Mabuhay Rotunda - the gateway to the city of Quezon, Batasan Pambansa - seat of the countrys House of Representatives. Other landmarks are as follows:
Landmarks
: Sto. Domingo Church Iglesia ni Cristo Cloverleaf-Balintawak Araneta Coliseum La Mesa Dam Water Reservoir Camp Crame & Camp Aguinaldo : : : : : : : La Loma Cockpit : Quezon Avenue corner EDSA, Bgy.Pinyahan Quezon Avenue, Bgy. Sto. Domingo Commonwealth Avenue, Bgy. New Era Bgy. Balingasa Bgy. Socorro Bgy. Lagro EDSA, Bgy.Bagong Lipunan ng Crame / Camp Aguinaldo Commonwealth Avenue, Bgy. Culiat Bgy. N. S. Amoranto
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The city also host different festivals and activities where local and foreign visitors are gaining interest such as:
Tandang Sora Birth Anniversary Anniversary of People Power (EDSA) 1 & 2 Santacruzan / Flores de Mayo
: : : :
January 6 February 25 May 3rd Sunday of May August 1 August 19 August 23 October 8 October 12
Death Anniversary of Pres. Manuel L. Quezon Birth Anniversary of Pres. Manuel L. Quezon Cry of Pugad Lawin Feast of La Naval
: : : :
Birth Anniversary of Andres Bonifacio Death Anniversary of Dr. Jose P. Rizal
November 30 December 30 -
Other than these tourist attractions, tourist and potential investors are expected to visit the city as a result of sister-city agreements forged by city officials. The city has entered into sister-city tie ups within and outside the country that promotes socio-economic and cultural exchange activities. Existing tie-ups include the following cities: International Cities Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Maui, Hawaii Chiba City, Japan Taipei City, Taiwan Dalyn City, California, USA Agana, Guam Fort Walton Beach, Florida, USA Kenosha City, Wisconsin, USA New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada Shenyang City, Peoples Republic of China Local Cities: Pura, Tarlac Lanao del Sur Cotobato City General Santos City Davao City
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Chapter 5 Environmental Management Profile
The environment sector has five areas of concern solid waste, air quality, water quality, parks and open spaces, and biodiversity.
5.1 Solid Waste

5.1.1 Domestic Solid Waste
Generation Quezon City generates very large amount of solid waste due to its huge population and high concentration of social and economic activities. The Waste Analysis and Characterization Study (WACS) conducted by the Environment Protection and Waste Management Department (EPWMD) in 2003 showed that each person in the City produced 0.66 kg. of solid waste each day. This is translated to 1,768.44 tons of solid waste generated everyday in 2007. Waste Composition The result of the same 2003 WACS showed that almost fifty percent of the solid waste was biodegradable, a large portion could be recycled and only 13 % ideally should go to the disposal site.
Figure En-1: Solid Waste Composition, Quezon City: 2003
Biodegradable : 48 % Recyclable : 39 % Plastic 16 % Paper 17 % Metal 3% Glass 3% Residual : 13 %
Biodegradable Residual
13%
13%
Non-Biodegradable/ Non-Biodegradable/ Recycable Recycable
39% 39%
Biodegradable Residual
48%48%
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Collection The city contracts out its solid waste collection to private haulers. In 1999, the volume of solid waste collected exceeded the projected amount generated by the city by 1.6%. The excess increased to 9.8% in 2000 and drastically to 24.6% in 2000. At that time, private haulers were being paid for the garbage collected on a per trip basis, that is, the more trips they make, the more they are paid. The Belmonte Administration implemented the Package Clean-Up Collection System in 2002 wherein private contractors were assigned specific collection cells with the full responsibility to manage, administer and directly carry out the actual collection, cleaning and disposal of solid wastes in those cells. Suddenly, the reported volume of garbage collected dropped from 3,133,861.02 cu.m. in 2001 to 2,532,229.98 cu.m. in 2002. The EPWMD noted the
efficiency in the new system, partly attributed to better monitoring and reporting. Private contractors were compelled to deliver better service at lower cost to the City Government. In addition to the City-contracted haulers, there are some barangays doing garbage collection using their own dump trucks. Commercial establishments, on the other hand, are responsible for the collection and disposal of their own wastes. In 2006, the city collected 2,044,112 cu.m. while the barangays and private companies collected 185,888 cu.m. for a total of 2,230,000 cu.m. of solid waste collected. These wastes are then disposed at the Payatas Controlled Dump Facility. (Refer to Table En- 1)
Table En-1: Volume of Solid Waste Collected (in cu.m.), Quezon City: 2006
Total
A. Collected by the City S
. . .
1,799,826 imot Basura sa Barangay Program 46,418 197,868 2,044,112 185,888 2,230,000
Sub total B. Barangay and Private Haulers Total

Source: EPWMD
During the period 2002-2006, the volume of solid waste collected annually was less compared to the projected generation. (Refer to Table En- 2)
Table En-2 : Estimated Volume of Solid Waste Generated, Volume Collected by Quezon City and Volume Disposed at Payatas Controlled Dump Facility: 1998-200
Year
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Source: EPWMD
Est. Volume Generated

2,543,368.00 2,634,928.00 2,503,961.19 2,514,758.49 2,619,633.78 2,690,415.00 2,823,640.00 2,968,545.00 3,086,075.00
Volume Collected
2,423,259.00 2,677,316.00 2,749,362.00 3,133,861.02 2,532,229.98 2,118,708.00 1,779,981.48 1,847,734.00 2,044,112.00
Total
2,341,736.00 2,737,500.00 2,730,000.00 2,520,000.00 2,290,000.00 2,390,000.00 2,220,000.00 2,230,000.00
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The difference between generation and actual collection could mean that aside from the Package Clean-Up Collection System working efficiently in the city, considerable amount of solid waste was no longer reaching Payatas but was being diverted elsewhere. The passage of RA 9003, otherwise known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 paved the way for the implementation of a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste management program. The increasing compliance with this law has been instrumental in the reduction of waste collection.
Based on data coming from EPWMD, an average of 509 tons/day or 32.7% of waste was being diverted from Payatas in the period 2005-2007. (Refer to Table En- 3)
Table En-3: Volume of Solid Waste Diverted from Payatas Controlled Dump Facility: 2005-July 2008
Year
2005 2006 2007 July 2008
Source: EPWMD
Volume (tons/day)
408.31 502.41 616.29 668.09
%
29.9 30.6 37.6 37.8
RA 9003 requires solid waste reduction to be undertaken at source, the recovery of recyclable materials and the proper disposal of the remaining wastes. It provides for the segregation and collection of solid waste specifically biodegradable, compostable and reusable waste at the barangay level and the collection of non-recyclable and special wastes by the municipality or city. The commitment of the barangay to improve solid waste management and reduce waste in compliance with the law is growing. More than 80% of the barangays have established their own Solid Waste Management Committee, 35% are practicing segregation, and 33% have recycling. (Refer to Table En- 4)
Table En-4: Number and Percentage of Barangays with Programs/Projects in Compliance with RA 9003
Programs/Projects
No.
122 142 65
Ave. %
86% 100% 35% 33% 37% 22% 37%
Remarks
100% in Dist. II-B and III 57% in Dist. II-B and III 57% in Dist. II-B 57% in Dist. II-B 29% in Dist. III 57% in Dist II-B
Recycling
47 52 31
Residuals
52
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Disposal There is no available record that accurately shows when the Payatas open dumpsite started although accounts from old timers point to the period of mid to late 70s as its time of emergence. As to how it began, some claimed that syndicates came and operated the dumpsite. There was a possibility for this operation as Metro Manila was nearing the garbage crisis since the Smokey Mountains capacity to absorb garbage was diminishing. It was most likely that Metro Manilas waste was being diverted to Payatas. With the closure of the Smokey Mountain in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the open dumpsite grew remarkably until that tragic landslide that occurred on July 10, 2000 which brought its temporary closure. The facility was reopened in November of the same year with the creation of the Payatas Operations Group. In 2004, the City Government in compliance with RA 9003, embarked in the conversion of the open dumpsite into a controlled dump facility. It was an interim phase to ascertain the continuous operation of the disposal facility while seeking compliance with the provision of RA 9003.
The Payatas Controlled Dump Facility is the Citys lone disposal facility. It is located in Barangay Payatas, in the northeastern part near the boundary of Rodriguez, Rizal. It is about 3.5 kms., from the junction of Litex Road and Commonwealth Avenue and can be reached via the two-lane concrete paved Litex Road. There are two distinct garbage dumps which are about 200 meters apart. The old mound located in the northwest is no longer used to accommodate waste and is now largely a park. In 2007, 16 wells were drilled in the old mound to initiate the Biogas Emission Reduction Project of the City Government in cooperation with the Italian group called PANGEA Green Energy. The project involves the extraction, collection, flaring and conversion to energy of biogas from the dumpsite and will earn Certified Emission Reduction (CER) or Carbon Credits, revenues which could be used for sustainable development projects. The controlled dump facility has been instrumental in the recognition and awards received by the City Government for best solid waste management practices, the latest of which was the 2008 Galing Pook Award.
Figure En- 2 Biogas Emission Reduction Plant
Figure En-3: Payatas Controlled Dump Facility
Legislations To provide the executive branch the needed mandate and support to implement various programs, projects and activities related to the environment, the City Council has passed several legislative measures. (Refer to Appendix En-1)
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Solid Waste Management Projects On-Going Projects Final Closure of the Quezon City Controlled Disposal Facility Project- The Department of Environmental and Natural Resources (DENR) issued an Authority to Close (ATC) in compliance with Sec. 37 of RA 9003. Rehabilitation measures like early conversion program were designed for the safe and post closure land use of the disposal facility. As of the end of 2007, 81.61% of the programmed rehabilitation work has been completed. Biogas Emission Reduction Project The Quezon City Government and the PANGEA Green Energy signed a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) for the development and implementation of the Quezon City Controlled Disposal Facility Biogas Emission Reduction Project. It involves the extraction, collection, processing and flaring of the biogas emissions at disposal facility. Aside from flaring, a portion of the methane captured from the extraction of the biogas is converted to electricity. Complementary Programs/Projects To sustain the efficiency and effective implementation of the Citys Solid Waste Management Program, complimentary programs and projects are being undertaken to wit: Incentive Package Program- Incentives to all barangays utilizing their own trucks for solid waste collection ser-
vice in their respective barangay and practicing sound solid waste management. Massive IEC Program- a group of IEC campaigners provided by the Citys garbage contractors were also organized as front liners in the conduct of house- to- house campaign on proper solid waste management. Impact Projects a.Earth Day Halamanan sa Bakuran Project Lakbay Aral sa Payatas Dumpsite Tree Planting Free Smoke Emission Testing Earth Day Jam b.Environment Month Recyclables Collection Event- aims to promote year round recycling, waste segregation and materials recovery. Anti-Smoke Belching Operation c.Kalat Mo, Kabuhayan Mo Project -Ecological SWM Program at the City Hall Complex- All departments, offices and units within the Complex are directed to observe proper waste segregation and resource recovery in their respective working area. -Strict Enforcement of Environmental Laws and Ordinances- Environmental Police were assigned to different areas to ensure constituents and transients are well- disciplined in disposing their wastes.
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5.1.2 Hazardous, Toxic and Healthcare Waste

Toxic and Hazardous Wastes Toxic and hazardous wastes are mainly generated by manufacturing industries using substances harmful to people and the environment. Of the almost 57,000 registered businesses in Quezon City, 3,000 are generally categorized as manufacturing which does allow the distinction of industries actually producing toxic and hazardous wastes. The monitoring system is too weak to pinpoint sources. Healthcare Wastes A survey of hospitals in Metro Manila conducted for the Pasig River Rehabilitation Program in 1993 showed that hospitals were employing unsafe on-site waste handling methods such as open pit and has the collection and disposal of their wastes done by the Metro Manila Authority which did not have the appropriate capability to handle such type of wastes. (See Table En-5)
Table En-:5 Hospital Waste Generators, Quezon City: 1990
Hospital
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T
Hospital Category
T P T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T
Present Treatment Method /Disposal Method Total (kg/day)

6.2 0.5 60.0 15.8 107.0 16.7 20.0 150.0 35.0 138.0 90.0 50.0 102.2 500.0 22.2 110.0 9.7 50.0 22.0 53.5
Unit (kg/bed/day)
0.12 0.07 0.88 0.20 0.37 0.20 0.45 0.49 0.22 0.90 0.78 0.51 0.33 2.18 0.25 0.71 0.15 0.45 0.28 0.14
On-site Method
Open pit Open pit
Collector for
Open pit Open pit Local Govt Local Govt -
Legend: P Primary S Secondary T Tertiary Source: Pasig River Rehabilitation Program Feasibility Report August 1993
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In a survey made by the City Planning and Development Office in 2008, a number of hospitals responded by saying that they are now using more ecologically-sound on-site methods of hospital waste management such as microwave disinfection and thermal decomposition and hiring accredited hospital waste contractors with proper treatment and disposal facilities. (Refer to Table En- 6)
Table En-6: Hospital Waste Generators, Quezon City: 2008
Hospital
A B C D E F G H
Hospital Category
T T S T S
Present Treatment Method /Disposal Method Total (kg/day)

213 30.33 3.5 125 20 14 system
Unit (kg/bed/day)
0.71 0.46 0.11 0.498 0.44 -
On-site Method
Collector for
PAE Environmental Phil. Chevalier Enviro Services, Inc. (CESI) Integrated Waste Management, Inc.
storage building
CESI CESI CESI
S T
.38 178
0.025 .04
system (non-burn technology)
PAE Environmental Phil. CESI
I J
T T
43 140
T Tertiary
0.25 0.4
outsourced CESI
Legend: P Primary S Secondary Source: QCPDO Survey 2008
Aside from the numerous hospitals, there are many small and big health medical clinics, wellness and aesthetic centers, laboratories, funeral parlors and other establishments producing clinical, pathological, infectious, radioactive and other related wastes which are suspected to be mixed with the domestic solid wastes during collection.
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5.2 Air Quality

Ambient Air Ambient (outdoor) air affects everyone everywhere. Whether it is agricultural dust, pollution from vehicles, or smoke from major industry, ambient air can have major effects on the health of individuals. Vehicular emissions are the main source of pollution in Metro Manila. The common pollutants are suspended particulates, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and metals. Air quality is monitored in four (4) stations in the City located at EDSA-Congressional Avenue, EDSA-East Avenue, EDSA-NPO and Ateneo de Manila University. Readings taken from these stations revealed air quality in terms of the following indicators: Total Suspended Particles(TSP) Suspended particulates are primarily comprised of small particles such as dust, metallic and mineral particles, smoke, mist and acid fumes which are primarily generated by motor vehicles. TSP levels recorded in QC from 2001-2006 showed varying amounts of suspended particulates in the atmosphere. For the period 2001-2003, the highest was at 227 g/cu. m. (micrograms per cubic meter) recorded in EDSA-Congressional Ave.; for 2004-2006, it was 275 g/cu. m. also recorded in the same station. This may be attributed to the fact that the EDSACongressional Ave. station, aside from it being a major thoroughfare, also serves as the gateway to the north where a large volume of vehicles regularly passes. These figures also indicate that TSP levels are way above the standard of 90 g/ cu. m. based on the National Ambient Air Quality Guideline of the DENR. (Refer to Table En- 7) .
Table En-7: EMB- TSP Monitoring (ug/Ncm) Annual Average Concentration; Quezon City: 2001-2006
TSP 2001
EDSA-Congressional Ave. EDSA-East Ave. EDSA-NPO Ateneo de Manila Universit y
Source: EMB- NCR
2002
206 178 149 93
2003
225 179 157 83
2004
275 170 165 105
2005
129 163 87
2006
104 138 72
Project 8 BFD Compound
227 205 133 94
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Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Sulfur Dioxide is a colorless gas which causes irritation of the respiratory system and when released in massive amounts, increases atmospheric acidity, which in turn, is brought back on earth thru acid rain. Carbon Monoxide (CO) Carbon Monoxide is a colorless, odorless and highly poisonous gas produced by gasoline-fed motor vehicles. It depletes the supply of oxygen to vital organs. Other Pollutants These include heavy metals found in the atmosphere like lead and copper. The effects of these metals are not to be taken lightly. Lead, for instance, has been found to cause slow mental development of children and miscarriage among pregnant women. Sources of Air Pollution Major sources of air pollution in Metro Manila are classified as mobile (motor vehicles) and stationary (industrial establishments). Motor Vehicles Motor vehicles are the dominant source of air pollution, contributing 70% of the air pollution in Metro Manila. Diesel-fed vehicles are a source of highly visible black smoke, made up largely of soot, unburned fuel residue, gaseous wastes like carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide and sulfur oxide. Gasoline engines emit soot in lesser amounts but generate unburned fuel and lead. Comparatively, diesel-fed vehicles are responsible for the emission of most particulate matter, sulfur and nitrogen oxides while gasoline-fueled ones emit higher amounts of carbon monoxide per unit of fuel than the former type of transport vehicle. Industries The combustion of fossil fuels like coal and bunker oil fuel for industrial processing, power plants, factories
and other commercial uses, constitutes another major source of atmospheric pollution as it emits huge amounts of sulfur dioxide. Other pollutants derived from combustion include soot, carbon monoxide, fly ash and nitrogen oxide. Food processing activities also pollute the environment thru their waste products of aerosolized fat while metallurgical and other aggregate industries also discharge minerals into the air. Between September 2004 and July 2007, the Department of Environmental and Natural Resources National Capital Region (DENR-NCR) issued 768 permits to various industries. (See Appendix En- 1) Pollution Control Programs Anti-Smoke Belching (Serbisyong Bantay Usok)- roadside apprehension of drivers and operators and testing of motor vehicles using the certified smoke emission testing machine along roadsides. Flyers are also distributed to passing motorists to bolster information and education campaign. License plates and drivers licenses confiscated are brought to the LTO as part of the partnership with LTO and MMDA. Take a Pic for Clean Air Project- aims to help mitigate air pollution by encouraging citizens to help in the campaign against smoke-belchers by submitting pictures of the smoke-belching vehicles for proper action of the authorities. Industrial Inspection and Monitoring of Business Establishments- rigid inspection and monitoring of business establishments prior to the issuance of pollution clearance.
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5.3 Water Quality

5.3.1 Groundwater Resource
Groundwater Levels According to the final report on the 2004 study on the Water Resources Assessment for Prioritized Critical Areas (Phase I) of the National Water Resources Board (NWRB), the groundwater levels in Metro Manila have declined sharply over the decades. A comparison between the 1955 and 1994 piezometric water levels showed that the groundwater flow pattern significantly changed due to excessive extraction of water from the aquifer. Three prominent cones of depression were noted in Paranaque, Pasig and Valenzuela. In Quezon City, a relatively small area adjacent to Caloocan and Valenzuela had a groundwater level 20 meters below mean sea water level and the Libis-Ugong Norte near Pasig had 40 to 80 meters below sea level in 1994. In 2004, the decline progressed steeply as almost the whole stretch of Novaliches from Balintawak to Kaligayahan experienced levels ranging from -20 to -120 meters said to be among the deepest declines happening in Metro Manila over the years. This only means much great danger of saltwater intrusion and having groundwater unfit for human consumption in the city. Groundwater Abstraction The decline in water levels and the depletion of groundwater resource are attributed to massive withdrawal of water from the aquifer. Aside from the groundwater abstraction of MWSS equivalent to 3% of the total water supply for Metro Manila, wells legally registered with the NWRB were extracting groundwater at the rate of 12,823.53 liters/second in 2004. However, it is believed that the actual withdrawal is 70% more due to illegal abstraction. NWRB has no segregated data for Quezon City except for the number of well permits granted as of August 2007. (Refer to Table En- 8)
Table En-8: Well Permitees by Purpose, Quezon City: August 2007
Purpose
Commercial Industrial Hospitals Livestock Municipal Others Total
Source: NWRB
No. of Permits Granted

28 128 31 9 7 3 12 1 1 270
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Chapter V Environmental Management Profile 5
5.3.2 Natural Waterways

Numerous rivers and creeks crisscross the face of Quezon City. They are extensive and serve best as network for natural drainage. They form part of the river basins covering the citys landscape, the largest of which are the Tullahan Tenejeros River Basin and the San Juan Pasig River Basin. Two major concerns that confront the Citys natural waterways are pollution and the loss of creek and river easements. Pollution of the Citys River System in Relation to Pasig River The greater part of Quezon City and its river system drains into the Pasig River System. The QC area comprises 80 sq.km. of the San Juan River Basin (which has an area of 87 sq.km.) and about 8 to 9 sq.km. of the Marikina Downstream River Basin (covering an area of 17 sq.km.). Aside from the high population concentration in these areas, the greater majority of commercial and industrial establishments in the city are likewise located here. Sources of Pollution There are two (2) general sources of pollution: point source and non-point source. Point source means any identifiable pollution source with specific discharge point into a particular water body. Non-point sources have no identifiable source and include run-off from irrigation or rainwater that picks up pollutants from farm and urban areas.
Figure En-4: Sources of Pollution
AgricultureLivestock
Non-point sources
29%
11%
Industry
27%
33%
According to the National Water Quality Status Report of 2001-2005 of the DENR-Environmental Management Bureau (EMB), considered as major sources of water pollution are domestic wastewater discharges, this is attributed to the inadequate treated domestic sewage discharged into the surface waters. Agriculture and livestock waste was the second major pollutant while liquid industrial waste is third.
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Water Quality Assessment Water quality is assessed on the basis of a set of beneficial uses as defined in the DENR Administrative Order 34, S-1990. There are 33 parameters that define the desired water quality per water body classification. Parameters monitored include: Dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), and heavy metals for inland surface waters. Lack of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the river during the dry season is the main reason for its offensive odor and the lack of biological life. Low DO levels are the result of the discharge of domestic and industrial wastes from communities and industrial sites. Biological oxygen demand (BOD), on the other hand, measures the amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms in decomposing organic matter in stream water. The higher BOD value indicates more pollution.
Fecal Coliform, nitrates, and salinity (chloride content) The 2006-2007 average BOD of the Pasig River at varifor groundwater as defined in the Philippine National ous stations based on monitoring results conducted by Standards for Drinking Water (PNSDW) PRRC showed that the highest BOD levels are apparent at the Sanchez Station, located near the mouth of the DO, Coliform, and heavy metals for coastal and marine San Juan River, where the greater part of Quezon City waters. drains its wastewater. (See Table En- 9)
Table En-9: BOD (mg/L) of Pasig River: 2006-2007
2006 3rd Qtr

Marikina Bambang Lambingan Sanchez Jones DENR Standard 5.67 5.50 6.17 27.00 6.83
2007 Ave.
5.83 4.42 4.83 33.17 6.83
4th Qtr
6.00 3.33 3.50 39.33 6.83
3rd Qtr
5.00 3.17 3.17 16.67
4th Qtr
6.00 3.30 3.50 39.33 5.33
Ave.
5.50 3.25 3.33 28.00 4.11
2.89 7 mg/L below
Likewise results of dissolved oxygen (DO) tests in 2007 showed poor water quality as shown in the table below. (See to Table En- 10)
Table En-10: DO (mg/L) of the Pasig River: 2007
2007 3rd Qtr

Marikina Bambang Lambingan Sanchez Jones DENR Standard
Source: PRRC
4th Qtr
3.63 5.32 0.87 2.94 2.21 5 mg/L Up
Ave.
2.065 4.81 0.585 1.92 1.607
0.50 4.30 0.30 0.90 1.00
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Water Quality Monitoring The Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) maintains water sampling stations throughout the stretch of San Juan River. These are located at the four minor tributaries in Quezon City namely: San Francisco, Diliman, Ermitao, and Kamias Creeks. Results of the test done in these water sampling stations during the 1st quarter of 2008 also showed that samples failed in DO and BOD. (Refer to Table En- 11)
Table En-11 BOD (mg/L) and DO (mg/L) of the San Juan River: First Quarter, 2008
BOD (mg/L)
San Francisco Creek Diliman Creek Ermitao Creek Kamias Creek DENR STANDARD
Source: PRRC
DO (mg/L)
1.76 1.65 1.67 1.69 5 mg/L up
16 30 14 26 7 mg/L below
The rehabilitation project for the Navotas-Malabon, Tullahan-Tenejeros Rivers (NMTT River Basins) of EMB also maintains water sampling stations in Barangays Gulod and Fairview, Quezon City. Water samples also failed in BOD for the years 2004, 2005, and 2007. (See Table En- 12)
Table En-12 : BOD (mg/l), Tullahan River, Quezon City: 2004, 2005 and 2007
Water Sampling 2004

Fairview Gulod DENR Standard
Source: EMB-NCR
BOD (mg/L) 2005

18..0 18.4 7mg/L below
2007
18.0 32.0
15.9 27.3
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Loss of Easements and Riverbanks Ocular inspection of the rivers and creeks and their tributaries shows that easements and riverbanks, as defined and provided for by the law, are no longer existent. Many are occupied by structures belonging to affluent and poor families alike. According to the 1996 census of the Urban Poor Affairs Office, there are about 8,533 families occupying creek and river easements. Physical development in some areas has also resulted in the narrowing of creeks and rivers and even loss of some segments on these waterways. There are instances where the creek has been covered, diverted, and in some cases, reclaimed to generate building lots. Programs The main program to clean and clear rivers and creeks in the city is known as the Riverways Management Program. Under it is the Sagip Batis Project which seeks to clean and maintain the aesthetic condition of the citys rivers and creeks with active community involvement. The project has visible impact in terms of enhancing the physical environment and demonstrating strong partnership with the community and at the same time providing employment opportunity to poor residents.
5.4.1 Major and Special Parks

Quezon Memorial Circle The Quezon Memorial Circle (QMC) is a 25-hectare public realm located at the heart of the City. It serves as the core and unifying element of the citys Open Space Network System (Garden City) because of its strategic location and high visibility. The major components of the QMC are the following: Quezon Memorial Monument (Pylon) and shrine, the central element of QMC and shall be the point reference for all development programs, projects and activities Meditative area Parks, playground and other recreational areas Venue for social interaction, socio-cultural exchange, celebrations and other public gatherings Venue for facilities for arts and culture and historical heritage promotion Environment protection showcase area Economic enterprise area Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife The Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center (NAPWC) is the only zoological and botanical garden with an area of 19.29 ha. located at the southwest of the Quezon Memorial Circle. It houses some 38 species of trees and shrubs which are represented by 2,443 trees commonly found in Philippine forests. It also keeps various species of endemic and endangered birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians in the open-air Mini-zoo and Wildlife Rescue Center. It also serves as a venue for public education, as a training and research facility for future veterinarians and biologists, and as a source of wildlife stock for local zoos and DENR-accredited facilities for their public education, breeding, and other conservation-oriented undertakings. Other amenities include cottages available for conferences, meetings, seminars, etc. and childrens playground, visitors center, a man-made lagoon for fishing, a rock garden and a craft village.
5.4 Parks and Open Spaces

Endowed with the biggest land resource in Metro Manila, Quezon City boasts of numerous parks and open spaces, both vast and small. The inventory consists of major and special parks that are themselves unique in terms of size, features, and even biodiversity; historical parks and shrines; community and neighborhood parks; green pockets and strips; and street parks. It also includes reserves and potential areas adding to the Citys expansive network of open spaces like institutional grounds (UP, Ateneo de Manila University, Mirriam College, Congress, and the like), golf courses, corridors or right-of-ways and river easements.
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La Mesa Watershed The La Mesa Watershed is the last remaining forest of its size in Metro Manila the so-called Green Lung of the Metropolis. With an area of about 2,700 hectares, it was declared as Watershed Reservation by virtue of Presidential Proclamation No. 1336 on 25 July 2007. Previously, the control of the La Mesa Watershed was under the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Manila Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS) from 1971 by virtue of Republic Act No. 6234 until 2007. By virtue of Presidential Proclamation Number 1336, the Watershed is now under the joint administrative jurisdiction, supervision and control of the MWSS and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). It is composed of a variety of ecosystems and is a habitat to Philippine indigenous, endemic, and endangered flora and fauna. In view of the worsening state of the environment in Metro Manila and the degradation of the Watershed, the ABS-CBN Foundation, Inc. launched Bantay Kalikasan (Nature Watch) which aimed at revitalizing the 2,500 ha. largely denuded La Mesa Watershed. It also sought to promote and sustain the La Mesa as a watershed of immense resource and educational value. To date, 72 endemic Philippine tree species were planted by a total of 20,000 volunteers in 1,344 ha. of the watershed. One of the major attractions in the area is the 30Hectare La Mesa Ecopark Resort, a joint effort of the ABS-CBN Foundation with the MWSS and the City Government. It has combined a natural recreational refuge with educational purposes of an outdoor classroom envisioned to bring the people back to La Mesa as it did in the old days. Amenities include the Orchidarium, Butterfly Garden, Hanging Bridge, Picnic area and Eco-trails.
5.4.2 Community and Neighborhood Parks

Most accessible to the residents are the community and neighborhood parks which were largely subdivision open spaces intended for park functions turned over to the City Government by subdivision developers or owners in compliance with the requirement of the Subdivision Law. A community park is characterized by the Parks Development and Administration Department as having the size enough to accommodate residents of the community and adjoining barangays with the following features: 30-40% planted with trees, grass and ornamental plants Concrete walkways, benches, picnic tables Standard multipurpose hall (6x9m) 1-2 standard concrete court pavement, open or covered with lighting facilities Park lamps, perimeter lights Standard comfort rooms, garbage bins Standard concrete stage Integrated plan system with sand bedding and CHB enclosure Standard entrance arch Provision for ramps A neighborhood park is a small, single-purpose park, usually 0.48 ha. or less, used primarily for passive recreation, having the following: 10-20% green 2-3 Individual playground equipment 4-6 Concrete bench Park lamps
Table En-13 Visitor Traffic and Income Generation; 2006-2008
Table En- 14 Visitor Traffic; 2006-2008
Ninoy Aquino Parks & Wildlife Center Year

2006 2007 2008 Total
No. of Visitor s Year

2006 2007 2008 Total
No. of Visitors
349,810 347,359 407,949 1,105,118
Income Generated (P)

3,103,735 3,126,201 4,094,179.29 10,324,615.29
Gate Receipt
225,025 198,152 283,055 706,232
Packages
56,821 66,952 46,467 170,240
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The Parks Development and Administration Department (PDAD) reported that 231 community parks and 32 neighborhood parks are either developed or partially-developed. District II has the most number of these parks. Still, 29 barangays mostly in District IV do not have any park. (See Table En- 15 and 16)
Table En-15: Developed Parks by Type and District, Quezon City: 2008
Number of Parks Type

Community Park Neighborhood Park Major/Special Park Historical Park Street Park Total
Source : PDAD
Dist I
29 13 2 1 45
Dist II
145 10 1 3 1 160
Dist III
33 6 1 4 44
Dist IV
24 3 6 1 3 37
Total
231 32 8 6 9 286
The PDAP report also indicates 285 parks of various sizes and locations that remain undeveloped for reasons like they are encroached by structures mostly of informal settlers, still not donated to the City Government, and others.
Table En-16: Undeveloped Parks by District
District
I II III IV Total
Source : PDAD
No. of Parks
42 198 32 13 285
The report also shows that there are still 32 barangays (23%) without any park at all, 22 parks are covered by agreement with the homeowners association, and 24 parks are co-managed with the barangay (See Table En- 15)
Table En- 17: Numbers of Barangays without Parks, Parks Covered by Agreement withHOAs and Parks Co-managed with the Barangay
Dist I
No. of bgys. w/o any park No. of parks with MOA with HOAs No. of parks co- managed with bgys. 9 2 11
Dist II
1 20 7
Dist III
4 3
Dist IV
18 3
Total
32 (23%) 22 24
Corridor Parks Corridor parks include transmission lines, aqueduct ROWs, center islands, sidewalks, street parks, and pocket parks. The Botocan Transmission line has an area of almost 35 has. while the Balintawak Transmission line has an area of more than 23 has. for a total of 57 has. The aqueducts have a total area of around 65 has.
Other Open Spaces Adding to the inventory of open spaces in the city are large institutional grounds like the those of University of the Philippines, Ateneo de Manila University, Miriam College, QC Hall, Congress, Veterans Memorial Medical Center Compound, Camp Crame, and Camp Aguinaldo
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5.5 Biodiversity
The City has richer wildlife compared with others cities in Metro Manila due to the size and nature of its parks and open spaces. Studies that the parks and open spaces in Quezon City are habitat to numerous species of flora and fauna, some of which are classified as either endemic or indigenous, exotic, endangered, highly endangered, or vulnerable.
5.5.1 La Mesa Watershed

Flora Floral Inventory Component (other than tree species) 1,883 individuals of consisting of 74 species were inventoried in the different vegetation cover of the Watershed. Diversity of plant species computed w/ Shannon Weinner index was found to be 4.15, considered as favorably diverse. As to conservation status of inventoried plants, 7 are exotic, while others are either bundant, endemic or indigenous ones. Pampolina et al. reported the vine, Tetrastigma harmandu as endangered, the host of the endangered Rafaflesia sp. Eight (8) non-tree, plant species were also listed as endangered namely: Pandakaki, Hingiw, Dapong kahoy, Nito, Anchoan Dilaw and Payong-payongan. Forest Biomass A total of 45 species under 17 families include Gmelina, Japanese Acacia, Kaatoan bangkal, mahogany, narra, giant ipil-ipil, kupang, teak, santol, alibangbang and binayuyu. Six (6) speciescategorized as vulnerable in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (antipolo, hamindang, mo-
lave, narra, piling liitan and tangilin). Aggregate H Index was computed at 2.21 (normal species diversity) while Aggregate J Index was obtained at 0.5, indicating that the species are not evenly distributed since the area is not a natural forest. Obtained index is lower than the diversity index in Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve (4.65) and that of Taal Mountain Range Laurel area (2.28) ABS-CBN Foundation, Inc. launched Bantay Kalikasan (Nature Watch) aimed to revitalize the 2,500 Has. largely denuded La Mesa Watershed. Per 2002 study conducted within the 100-ha. UNDP Reforestation Project, 86 plant species were planted, of which 5 are critically endangered, 3 are endangered and 4 are vulnerable under the IUCN category.* Fauna A total of 504 birds consisting of 49 species were counted based on sightings, calls and mist net captures. Shannons Diversity Index computation showed that species diversity ranged from 2.9958-2.7965 (Shannon index lower than 1 considered as poor low diversity) . This means that the avian diversity is relatively moderate. For mammals, a total of 83 bats (4 species) that are endemic and common, were captured by mist netting. Only 1 rodent (Rattus tanezumi) was captured in the livetrap. UNDP (Pampolina et al. 2003) earlier reported 6 reptilian species, where monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) is listed in CITES Appendix II as vulnerable species. The amphibian species listed are marine toad (Bufo marinus), small headed puddle frog (Occidozyga laevis) and Everetts frog (Rana everetti). Eight (8) Invertebrate species were collected by means of insect net sweeps.
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5.5.2 Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife

Flora The stand composition included 4,505 individual trees and 6,901 stems, which belong to a total of identified 135 species in 83 genera and 38 families commonly found in Philippine forests. Of these, 58 are indigenous, with three (3) are Philippine endemics. Fauna Various species of endemic and endangered birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians are kept and maintained at the Wildlife Rescue Center which were being donated, abandoned, bred in captivity or confiscated within Metro Manila & those free-ranging animals within the center. The stand composition included 1,018 animals (110 species of mammals, 78 birds species, 43 reptiles species) and 18 insects. Of these, 90 are endemic/indigenous while 49 are exotic species.
in 1982, were noted, from 40,962 to 1,217. Fauna 47 bird species were captured by mist netting Identified herpetofauna (reptiles and amphibians) consists of 15 species under 6 families, were observed 326 mammals were captured by mist netting
5.5.4 Ateneo de Manila Campus

Fauna A total of 27 bird species under 17 families were recorded and identified primarily through nested plot technique. A total of twenty-five (25) small non-volant mammals under 2 families were identified thru live traps. A total of 52 bats representing 2 species were captured and identified by mist netting. A total of 9 species of amphibians and reptiles under 7 families were identified. The study conducted by Dr. Perry Ong* and others in 2000 concluded the following:
5.5.3 UP Diliman Campus

Flora
The remaining sparse vegetation in UP Diliman and A total of 38,569 individual trees, belong to 220 spe- Ateneo de Manila University seems to provide a suitable habitat to the species thriving in the area. cies in 38 families were identified. Most of the trees found in the site are exotic with 121 Species found are not as exceptional as those found in undisturbed ecosystems species; 83 are indigenous and 16 are endemic. The most abundant individuals species are Bauhinia More than 61% of wildlife species found were birds. spp. (2,937 trees); mango (Mangifera indica) The Diliman area, in general, has undergone a trans(2,698); large-leafed mahogany (Swietenia macrophyl- formation that has wiped out its original ecosystems la) (2,368); kaimito (Chrysophyllum cainito) (2,087); and habitats. narra (Pterocarpus spp.) (1,841); palosanto (Triplaris *Ong, P.S., et.al. (2000). Wildlife Inventory of UP Diliman & Ateneo de Manila cumingiana) (1,796) and rain tree (Samanea saman) University Campus (1,698). A marked decrease in the number of ipil-ipil (Leucaena leococephala), the most dominant species
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Chapter 5 Environmental Management Profile Appendix En- 1: Ordinances on Environment
Ordinance Number
SP-1917, S-2009
Provision/Mandate
Requiring the design, construction or retrofitting of buildings, other structures and movable properties to meet minimum standards of a green infrastructure, providing incentives therefor and for other purposes. Creating and adopting guidelines and procedures on anti-smoke belching for motor vehicles in Quezon City Adopting the Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) providing for the strict implementation of Ordinance No. SP-1711, S-2006, regulating the operation of junkshops in Quezon City and providing penalties for any violation thereof Prescribing environmental inspection fees for all industrial and/or commercial establishments and private entities whose activities are potential sources of land air and water pollution and for other purposes Prohibiting any person to discharge or dispose any untreated waste water, sludge oil, chemical or other wastes to any part of Quezon City that will endanger the environmental condition of the citys rivers creeks and waterways with the corresponding penalties thereof Regulating the operation of junk shops in Quezon City and imposing penalty for violation thereof and for other purposes. Requiring the segregation at the source of all households, institutional, industrial and commercial waste and/or garbage into wet or biodegradable and dry or non-biodegradable, pursuant to Republic Act No. 9003 Amending Section 4 of Ordinance No. SP-1501, S-2005 requiring subdivision developers and/or subdivision owners in Quezon City to provide sufficient space for the installation of composting facilities to accommodate the disposal of recyclables or biodegradable wastes, authorizing the Environmental Protection and Waste Management Department (EPWMD) in coordination with the Subdivision Unit to undertake the implementation and enforcement of this Ordinance.
SP-1906, S-2008
SP-1809, S-2007
SP-1729, S-2006
SP-1731, S-2006
SP-1711, S-2006
SP-1707, S-2006
SP-1630, S-2005
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SP-1682, S-2005 SP-1530, S-2005
Regulating the use of groundwater in Quezon City, providing penalties for violation thereof and for other purposes Mandating residents, owners and operators of institutions to clean their own surroundings including canals, streets or roads in their immediate premises to make Quezon City a cleaner and healthier place to live in, and providing penalties for violation thereof. Amending Ordinance No. 6305, S-65, prohibiting the throwing of any kind of garbage, waste matters, or refuse in any drainage outlets such as rivers, creeks, or any tributaries in Quezon City. Amending Ordinance Nos. SP-1191 (16 December 2002) and SP-1203, S-2002 (09 January 2003) extending the effectively of the incentives and benefits granted thereunder to accommodate Barangay Bagumbuhay and other prior qualified barangay. Requiring subdivision developers and/or subdivision owners in Quezon City to provide sufficient space for the installation of composting facilities to accommodate the disposal of recyclables or biodegradable waste generated by homeowners and providing for penalties and administrative sanctions in violation thereof Requiring all residents and business establishments in Quezon City to segregate spent fluorescent bulbs from common garbage as to eliminate exposure from mercury, declaring the same as hazardous waste and directing the Environmental Protection and Waste Management Department (EPWMD) to prepare Implementing Rules and Regulations regarding the disposal of the same Authorizing the Honorable Feliciano R. Belmonte, Jr., City Mayor of Quezon City, to purchase one hundred forty-two (142) garbage trucks to be given to each of the barangays of Quezon City Amending Ordinance No. SP-1191, S-2002 Granting Incentives for barangays utilizing own trucks for waste collection and giving it retroactive effect Adopting guidelines and procedures for a unified approach on Solid Waste Management Granting incentives to barangays practicing best Solid Waste Management.
SP-1506, S-2005
SP-1504, S-2005
SP-1501, S-2005
SP-1483, S-2005
SP-1344, S-2003
SP-1338, S-2003
SP-1323, S-2003
SP-1203, S-2002
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Chapter V Environmental Management Profile 5
SP-1191, S-2002
Providing incentives to all barangays utilizing their own trucks for solid waste collection service in their respective barangays. Prescribing the sound proofing of all business establishments in the city operating with live bands, karaoke bars, jazz bands, discotheques and similar establishments Mandating all drivers of public utility vehicles plying the streets of Quezon City to provide a receptacle conspicuously inside their respective vehicles for the proper disposal of trash/rubbish of their passengers and providing penalties for violation thereof Requiring the Barangay Councils of Quezon City to establish and operate Ecological Recycling and Composting Centers as part of their respective solid waste management program before the end of the year 2001 and as a component thereof, to purchase and operate at least two (2) composting and shredding machines, and mandating that funds be taken from their respective shares of the unprogrammed appropriation from the local government equalization funds and their respective allocations of the waste management fund Creating the Quezon City Environmental Protection and Waste Management Department providing for us organization structure and functions and providing funds for its operation Providing for the Quezon City Market Code regulating the establishment, classification, operation and the administration of government and privately owned/operated public markets and all other market related activities. Regulating the operation of ambulant/push cart junk dealers and providing penalties for violation therefore Amending the penal provisions of all ordinances relating to waste and garbage collection and disposal and littering such as, but not limited to Ordinance No. NC-106, S-89; Ordinance No. NC- 118, S-89; Ordinance No. NC 172, S-90; Ordinance No. SP-111, S-93, prescribing a uniform and graduated penalties therefor, and deputizing the elected barangay officials to help in the implementation thereof
SP-1153, S-2002
SP-1072, S-2001
SP-1009, S-2001
SP-982, S-2000
SP-944, S-2000
SP-941, S-2000
SP-856, S-2000
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SP-855, S-2000
Declaring all schools in Quezon City as pollution free areas, prohibiting any person to engage in any activity that will create any kind of pollution, that will directly or indirectly, affect school surroundings and the academic communities and/or disrupt any kind of school activities, and providing penalties for violation thereof Directing the barangays of Quezon City to corral and impound roaming and stray domestic animals within their respective territorial jurisdictions and prescribing charges and penalties for impounding services rendered Imposing a city garbage collection service charge on all persons engaged in all forms of business activities/calling or undertaking Requiring all house owners and owners of commercial establishments in Quezon City to provide an appropriate garbage receptacles (box, drum, or can) in front of their respective houses and establishments Regulating the disposal of used oil in Quezon City and providing penalties for violation thereof Quezon City Child and Youth Welfare Ordinance Article IV - Basic Nutrition and Welfare Section 15 Promotion of Primary Health Care Program Sub-article No. 1 To combat disease and malnutrition within the framework of primary health care, through the application of readily available technology and through the provision of adequate nutritious food and safe drinking water, taking into consideration the dangers and risk or environmental pollution Amending Ordinance No. NC-211, S-91 providing for the imposition of fees for the slaughter of animals, so as to reduce the permit fees to slaughter provided therein Requiring owners, operators, proprietors, and managers, or any person acting for and in their behalf, of all establishments operating within the jurisdiction of Quezon City not to apportion and/or appropriate the sidewalks or any portion of the streets immediately abutting their establishments as their exclusive parking areas, and imposing penalty for violation thereof
SP-826, S-1999
SP-813, S-1999
SP-654, S-1950
SP-595, S-1997
SP-572, S-1997
SP-248, S-1991
SP-204, S-1994
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NC-172, S-1990
Prohibiting urinating, defecating and indiscriminate disposal of waste, trash and any form of garbage in public places, except in any designated, allowable areas or places of Quezon City and providing penalties for violation thereof Adopting the various methods implementing a zero waste resource management system or ecological waste management system through total recycling of domestic wastes and encouraging all residents, schools, universities, colleges and other similar institutions, both private and public, commercial and industrial establishments to mandatory sorting of domestic wastes at source and separate the two (2) kinds of wastes into biodegradable compostable (for compost making animal feed) and the non-biodegradable , non-compostable as factory returnables. Prohibiting the parking of any ten (10) wheeler truck, trailer truck, cargo truck and other similar motor vehicles in any public road, street, sidewalk, thoroughfare or any portion thereof , in whole or in part, at any time during the day or night, except for purposes of loading and unloading and providing penalties for violation thereof Requiring owners and/or operators of commercial establishment to maintain clean and properly functioning rest/comfort rooms and imposing penalties for violations thereof. Requiring all industrial and commercial establishments to put adequate, sufficient, and covered trash receptacles and its implements and accessories within the vicinity of their establishments and providing penalty and/or fine for violation thereof Regulating and controlling the discharge of industrial and other wastes into the atmospheric air or body of water within the territorial limits of Quezon City for the purpose of abatement and prevention of pollution, providing penalties for its violation, and for other purposes Requiring all owners of land, business establishments and residential houses or lessees thereof to undertake the cleanliness of the areas within their premises providing penalty for violation thereof
SP-156, S-1994
SP-143, S-1993
NC-118, S-1989
SP-111, S-1993
NC-9816, S-1973
NC-106, S-1989
144
NC-9820, S-1973 NC-73, S-1989
Regulating solid waste disposal practices, including the prohibition of open dumping in vacant lots, in esteros and in other water courses Banning smoking in public places in Quezon City and imposing penalty for violation thereof
145
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6.1 Local Government Organization

6.1.1 Evolution of the Quezon City Government
The organizational structure of the government of Quezon City evolved into what is now a complex form from a lean set-up of 10 offices and a 5-member City Council when it was created on October 12, 1939 by virtue of Commonwealth Act 502, the Citys original charter. The passage of a series of acts by the National Assembly (before the war) and by the Philippine Congress (after the war) effected the changes, both minor and significant, to the Citys organizational structure. The original structure was composed of the Offices of the Mayor, the Vice Mayor, and six (6) offices, namely: the City Health, the City Engineer, the City Police, the City Treasurer, the City Assessor and the City Attorney as part of the Executive Branch; the City Council with the Mayor, the Vice Mayor and three (3) other members supported by the Office of the City Secretary comprised the Legislative Branch; and the Justice of the Peace Court with an auxiliary justice as the Judiciary Branch. All the city officials then were appointed by the President of the Philippines. Commonwealth Act 659 dated June 21, 1941 amended the structure when the Office of the Justice of the Peace Court was renamed as the Citys Municipal Court with two (2) branches: the First and the Second Branch. This Act also created the position of the Clerk of Court and increased the number of Assistant City Attorneys from one (1) to three (3). On June 16, 1950 (after the war), Republic Act 537, also known as the revised charter of Quezon City increased the membership of the City Council to ten (10) - the Mayor, the Vice Mayor and eight (8)councilors. Also, the different city offices were elevated into department level. The Act also created the City Fire Department. Later, on June 16, 1956, Republic Act 1575 increased to three (3) the members of branches of the Municipal Court.
It is worthy to note at this point that the positions of the Mayor, the Vice Mayor and the City Council which used to be appointive were declared elective on June 19, 1959 by Republic Act 2259. The first local election for these offices was held on November 10, 1959. Further amendments to the Citys organization were made on June 18, 1960 by Republic Act 2649 with the creation of the Office of the City Fiscal in lieu of the Office of the City Attorney, with six (6) levels of Assistant Fiscals compared to only four (4) Assistant City Attorney levels. The position of Assistant Chiefs of the various departments including that of the Secretary to the Mayor (also ranked as Assistant Department Chief) was created by Republic Act 3663 dated June 22, 1963. Among the significant structural changes that the City experienced was the division of the City into four (4) Councilor Districts each to be represented by four (4) Councilors elected by district, thereby increasing the Council membership to sixteen (16). This was by virtue of Republic Act 5441 on September 8, 1968. The Act however, removed the voting power of the Vice Mayor in the City Council except only in case of a tie. The same Act also elevated the position of Secretary to the Mayor into department level and created the position of Assistant Secretary to the Mayor. It was however the creation of the Metropolitan Manila Commission on November 7, 1975 by virtue of Presidential Decree 824 that bears major impact not only on the Citys organization but on its autonomy as well. Said decree made Quezon City along with the sixteen (16) other Local Governments in the Greater Manila Area as component units of a higher-level, commission-type government agency directly under the Office of the President. The Commission was vested powers encompassing both the legislative function and some executive responsibilities previously held by the local government.
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Chapter 6 Institutional Profile & Development
Local councils in Metro Manila were terminated on December 31,1975. The Commission has the following salient feature. The Commission acts as the central government that formulates programs and policies, including review and approval of local programs and administers its own programs like fire control, garbage disposal, and traffic management. It was also empowered to review, amend, revise or repeal local ordinances and enact new ordinances and resolutions powers that used to belong to the local councils.
Metro Manila Commission (MMC) was uncertain. Executive Order 392 of January 9, 1990 reconstituted it to become the Metropolitan Manila Authority (MMA) composed of the heads of the seventeen (17) Local Government units of the region as its Council, the chairman of which is elected from among its members for a six (6) month term. In contrast to the previous Commission, the Authoritys jurisdiction was trimmed to general executive functions involving services of metro-wide concern but none that will directly intervene with the legislative functions of the local councils.
The support structure of the MMC headed by three commissioners was retained. However, the commissioners were renamed Assistant General Managers The Commission was composed of the Governor, the while a new position for General Manager which used Vice-Governor and three (3) Commissioners: one for to be held by the Chairman was created. planning, another for finance, and the third for operations all of whom were appointees of the President. MMAs existence was more of interim in nature, It was appropriated an initial fund (P2,500,000) from pending Congress action on a permanent entity to adthe National Treasury plus proceeds from certain taxes minister Metro Manila. On March 1, 1995, the Presiaccruing from contributions of the component LGUs dent approved RA 7924 creating the Metropolitan Maand outlays in the Annual General Appropriations De- nila Development Authority (MMDA) which replaced cree. MMA. The basic composition/organization and functions of MMA, however, remained unchanged except While the National Assembly passed the Local Govern- for the following : ment Code in 1983 (Batas Pambansa Blg. 337 which the inclusion of the presidents of the Vice Mayors was approved on February 10, 1983) which embodies League and the Councilors League of Metro Manila the declared principle of autonomy of local governin the Council ment units, the act exempted Metro Manila area from its coverage. Hence, PD 824 continued to be in effect. the Council Chairman shall be appointed by the PresIt was only with the ratification of the New Constituident whose term shall be on the latters discretion tion in 1986 that the City, as with the rest of Metro and has the rank of a cabinet member Manila, regained its autonomy, especially the power to legislate. The first local elections after martial law additional funding shall come from the General Apand as called for by the new constitution was held in propriations Act January 1988. Posts to be filled were those of the City Mayor, Vice Mayor and twenty - four (24) councilors Quezon City is within the National Capital Rewith six each from the four (4) districts. gion (NCR) a metropolitan government under the MMDA. For four (4) years, from 1986 to 1990, the fate of the
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MMDA is not a political unit of government, but a development authority likened to a national agency that is tasked to oversee the delivery of basic services. The power delegated to MMDA through the Metro Manila Council the MMDAs governing and policy-making body is limited only to the promulgation of administrative rules and regulations in the implementation of the MMDAs plans, programs and projects. On the administrative character, the MMDA Chairman is a presidential appointee, with the rank of a cabinet member. One of the Chairmans functions is to perform such other duties as may be assigned to him by the President. In LGUs, the President of the Philippines merely exercises supervisory authority.
program-based units, committees and Task Forces operating directly under the Office of the Mayor. The existing departments/offices, committees, and task forces and their functions are shown in Appendix 1. Under Council Ordinance No. 154, S-90, three (3) positions of Assistant City Administrator were created to assist the City Administrator in the performance of his functions relating to the proper supervision, coordination and monitoring of development programs and other services being delivered by the city. They are: the Assistant City Administrator for Operations, the Assistant City Administrator for General Affairs and the Assistant City Administrator for Fiscal Affairs.
The position of Assistant Secretary to the Mayor was The MMDA has no power to enact ordinances for the renamed as Assistant Secretary to the Mayor for Interwelfare of the community. It is the local government nal Affairs, while another position, that of the Assistant units, acting through their respective legislative coun- Secretary to the Mayor for External Affairs was also cils that possess legislative and police powers. This is created under Council Ordinance 154 -S-90. in line with the local autonomy being enjoyed by the The positions of the City Administrator, Secretary to LGUs. the Mayor, and the Assistant Secretary to the Mayor for External Affairs are co-terminous with the appointing power. 6.1.2 Existing Organizational Structure of
Quezon City Government

The present organizational set-up of the Local Government of Quezon City is a structure with two (2) distinct branches, the Executive and the Legislative. (See Appendix 1). Existing QC Government Organizational Structure) The Executive Branch The Executive Branch is composed of nineteen (19) departments and ten (10) offices which are further divided into services, divisions and sections. At the helm of the organization is the City Mayor from whom all executive authority and responsibilities emanate. The City Administrator and the Secretary to the Mayor stand next in the hierarchy as they exercise delegated authority to supervise the operations of line and staff departments/ offices and units. There are also several
Other co-terminous positions are the City Legal Officer, Head of the Department of Public Order and Safety, Secretary to the Mayor and Asst. Secretary to the Mayor for External Affairs. The Legislative Branch Quezon City is divided into four (4) Legislative Districts with each district having six (6) elected City Councilors and one (1) Representative to the House of Representatives. The four (4) district representatives have their sub-offices in the city hall compound. The City Council, the legislative body of the city, is composed of the Vice-Mayor as the Presiding Officer, the 24 regular council members, the President of the city chapter of the Liga ng mga Barangay, and the president of the Panglunsod na Pederasyon ng Sangguniang Kabataan.
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The Office of the Vice Mayor has also supervisory control over the following special projects such as:
Project Title
Quezon City Drug Treatment and Sports Development Council program in the grassroots level; coordinates with the 142 barangays Task Force Greening Extends assistance through livelihood project which will provide job opportunity and income for the families of Quezon City.
Prepares plans and programs to minimize, if not eradicate drug abuse and
Appendix 1. QC GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
OFFICE OF THE MAYOR

ADVISORYBODIES TECHNICALASSISTANCECOMMITTEE SPECIALASSTTOTHEMAYOR SENIORADVISER OFFICEOFTHESECRETARY TOTHEMAYOR
NOVALICHES DISTRICT CENTER
OFFICEOFTHEVICEMAYOR
QUEZON CITY COUNCIL (24) Councilors (1) President,LigangmgaBarangay (1) President,SangguniangKabataan SPECIAL PROJECTS TAHANAN QCADAC
OFFICEOFTHE CITY ADMINISTRATOR OFFICEOFTHEDEPUTY CITYADMINISTRATORS(3) CITY DEPT.OF CITY TREASURERS ENGINEERING ASSESSORS OFFICE OFFICE CITYCIVIL REGISTRY OFFICE QCHEALTH DEPT. SSDD CPDO
OFFICEOFTHE SECRETARYTO THE SANGGUNIANG PANGLUNGSOD
TRICYCLE FRANCHISING BOARD
CITY ACCOUNTINGDEPT.
CITY BUDGET DEPT
CITYLEGAL DEPT.
GSO
DPOS
MDAD
QCGEN. HOSPITAL
NOVA.DIST. HOSPITAL
PDAD
EPWM
CITY PERSONNEL OFFICE
PAISO
AMO
RADIO COM. SERVICE
QCPUBLIC LIBRARY
CTAO
BPLO
BOC
UPAO
CRO
TASKFORCES/SPECIAL OPERATINGUNIT SYDP QCPolytechnic QCIT OSCA SikapBuhay PESO LLRB TF-COPRISS GAD Sec.tothe Boarrdof Amoranto AssessmentAppeals Sports PLEB Complex LigangmgaBarangay
NATIONALGOVERNMENT AGENCIES QCPoliceDistrict QCJail DivofCitySchools RegistryofDeeds CityProsecutorsOffice COA MetropolitanTrialCourt RegionalTrialCourt QCFireDepartment
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6.1.3 QC Government Manpower Complement
recommended to permanent appointment. Positions like drivers, reproduction machine operators and the like are required to pass through this type of appointment. There are 63 of this kind.
As of December 31 2008, the Quezon City Government employs a total of 12,569 personnel broken down un- Co-Terminous - issued to a person whose entrance and continuity in the service is based on trust and conder the following types and of employment status: fidence of the appointing authority. The term of the Elective - These are the officials of the city elected by Legal Officer, the City Administrator, Secretary to the the qualified voters during election period and whose Mayor, Head of the Department of Public Order and term of office is three years but shall not serve for Safety (DPOS), Confidential Secretary are co-terminous more than three consecutive years in the same posi- with the appointing power. The staff of the City Council tion. They are the City Mayor, City Vice Mayor, the 24 are also co-terminous with the term of the city councilregular members of the City Council and the two sec- ors. There are 157 co-terminous employees. toral representatives (the Youth and the ABC sectors). There are 28 elective officials. Contractual - This refers to employment where the contracts of services are not covered by the Civil SerPermanent - issued to a person who meets all the vice laws but covered by Commission on Audit (COA) minimum qualification standards of the position to rules. Contractual services rendered are not considwhich he is being appointed as prescribed by the Civil ered government services. The Executive Branch has Service Commission (CSC). Personnel holding this na- 3,914 contractual personnel for special projects, variture of appointment enjoy security of tenure and all ous task forces, committees and several line departbenefits accruing to government employees. The city ments/ offices which also employ appointment of this government has 4,432 employees with permanent ap- kind while the Legislative Branch has 3.848. The total contractual personnel is 7,762 pointment. Temporary - issued to a person who meets the education, skills and experience requirements to the position to which he is being appointed. The appointee however, has to complete 12 months training (probationary period of satisfactory performance) before he is Consultant - Issued to a person with technical expertise essential to a service. The city has 127 consultants (73, executive and 54 from legislative. (See Fig In-1 & Table In-1).
Figure In-1 QC Government Organization; Filled Up Positions

Male Top Management Middle Management Lower Management Rank and File Female
57 145 151
32 252 194
89 396 345 3,848
1,948 1,900 2,301 2,379
Total
4,680
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Chapter 6 Institutional Profile & Development Table In- 1 Manpower Complement; QC Government 2005-2008
Type of Appointment
Permanent Temporary Co-terminous Sub-total Contractual
2005
28 4,733 55 159 4,975 3,293 2,945
2006
28 4,588 58 158 4,832 3,443 3,832 47 7,322 12,154 2006 7,268 4,832
2007
28 4,574 56 158 4,816 2,206 1,855 62 4,123 8.939 2007 7,261 4,816
2008
28 4,432 63 157 4,680 3,914 3,848 127 7,889 12,569 2008 7,243 4,680
Consultants Sub-total Grand Total Regular
49 6,287 11,262 2005 7,268 4,975
Source : QC Personnel Office
Of the 7,243 plantilla positions (December 2008) 4680 are filled-up and 2563 are vacant. Of the filled up slots, 2,379 are female (50.8%) and 2,301 are male (49.2%). Being a government entity, Quezon City Government operates in accordance with existing laws or guidelines on managing and developing human resources as prescribed by the Civil Service Commission, particularly the Omnibus Rules/ Implementing Book V of Executive Order No. 292. Classification of Manpower Support The existing manpower support has been classified according to functional hierarchy : Top Management. This is the top level executive group performing primarily management functions. This is where policies and objectives that guide the activities of the various departments/offices of the entire organization originates . The group is composed of elected officials and Heads of the various departments/offices operating vital units in the organizational structure. Salary grade falls between 25-30. There are 89 of this type. Middle Management. This group coordinates and supervises staff activities of their office. It is responsible in enforcing proper performance of their delegated functions in order to attain the office/units and ultimately the organizations thrusts and objectives. This group includes Assistant Office Heads, Chief of Other special operating units, Division and Asst. Division Heads. Salary grade is 20-24. Under this level we have 398. are 345.
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Lower Management. This also coordinates and supervises staff activities. This group consists of the section chiefs. Salary grade is 18-19. Of this type there are 345. The Rank and File Group. All salary grade 17 and below belong to this group. This includes the technical group responsible in translating city plans, programs and projects into implementable forms through researches and development This group consists of the Urban planners, Statisticians, Researchers, Computer Programmers, Analysts, etc. and the administrative group (staff support) involved in providing clerical, general services, security, transport and area maintenance. This group is composed of positions such as Staff Aides , Clerks, Drivers, Security Guards, etc. Personnel under this category are 3848 in all.
The present administration can be credited with the major development in the city hall building: and its environs including the rehabilitation of the legislative The head offices of the QC government organization building and construction of a new 8-storey twin buildare located at the High Rise and the Annex Buildings at ing at the south portion of the compound to house the east and south wings of the main building, though some offices which are transacting heavily with the some departments / offices operate sub - offices/ public. branches and stations in various parts of the city. The main building is a 14-storey structure built during the District II, being the largest district in terms of area and term of the late Mayor Norberto S. Amoranto and in- population is served by a Mini City Hall, the Novaliches District Center, which houses the following govaugurated on January 1, 1972. ernment agencies , namely :
6.1.4 Physical Plant and Facilities
In the year 1981, a fire gutted the 3 - storey left wing of the QC Hall destroying property worth P10 million. On June 11, 1988, another fire razed the main building from the 7th to 14th floors causing property damage of about P240 million. The main building was again hit by fire on August 7, 1998, destroying the fifth floor and affecting the fourth and sixth floor as well. On May 6, another fire hit the south wing housing the Accounting Unit, Fiscal and Administrative Units of the City Treasurers Office. At present, many offices of the main building have undergone renovation. The second floor of the main building has been converted into a taxpayers lounge. The ground floor of the south wing annex now offers taxpayers the comfort and convenience while waiting for their assessment documents.
Engineering Office Sub - Office of the City Treasurer Bureau of Post Fire Department Health Department Business Permits and Licensing Office City Library Social Services Development Department City Civil Registry Office Parks Development Adm. Office Liquor Licensing Regulatory Board Tricycle Regulatory Unit Office of Senior Citizen Affairs
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6.1.5 Management System & Operations

In 2001 upon the assumption of the Belmonte administration it made a commitment to make QC a model for others to follow in terms of governance and leadership. Seven years later, and on its 3rd and last term, the commitment was concretized by the major innovations introduced and practiced in different service areas. These have gained recognition and awards for the City and the Chief Executive both locally and abroad. The many awards received by the city only show that the efforts and strategies of good governance and leadership are working alive in the city.
Table In- 2 Quezon City Awards & Citations; 2002-2008
Conferred by
Outstanding Filipino in Govt. Service Outstanding City Mayor of the Philippines Huwarang Filipino Award for Local Governance Most Business Friendly City 2003-2004 & Hall of Famer in 2005 Philippine Chamber of Comm.& Industries DILG Livable Community Award Housing & Urban Devt.Coord. Council Gawad Galing Pook Molave Youth Home Gawad Galing Pook for Payatas Dumpsite Phil. Jaycees Senate & Insular Philippines Local Government Leadership Award
Year
2002 2003 2003 2003-2005 2003 2003 2003 2005 2005-2006 2008
Best Practices Strategic Planning Workshops An organization-wide planning workshop participated in by heads of department and offices was conducted in February 2002 that crafted the mission and vision of the city government and created the model of governance for the city. In 2004, assessment of the action plan was made and interventions suited to the needs of the residents were implemented.
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Clustering of Offices Clustering of offices is done to give the City Mayor various options on mechanisms which can be used to effect closer coordination of offices under his general supervision, as follows: Governance Administrative Support and Protection Services Infrastructure, Development Housing and related services Health and Allied Services Education, Culture/Sports; Poverty Alleviation Program and other Welfare Services; and, Revenue Generating and Finance Management.
Resource Allocation Achieving more with less use of human and material resources is an underlying principle of resource allocation efforts of the city government. For example, a process that guides fuel allocation thru the use of fleet card thereby minimizing improper use and waste was adopted. Systems Improvement QC is one of the first to computerize its real estate assessment and payment systems and the process for securing business permits.
Operational improvement in business processing was adopted to shorten the period for renewals of low-risk establishments. For renewal, only the barangay clearRegular Conduct of Executive Staff and Management ance and locational clearance together with the proof Committee Meetings of payments of taxes/fees is required. Applications for locational clearance was also simplified to reduce the Given the size of QC, the city government officials track processing time. The requirement is presentation of the direction as to where the city is going thru the the previous years clearance duly validated by a stamp weekly consultative meetings. Here, the city execu- for a years extension. tives are regularly kept abreast with programs and developments in other areas of the city government. This Official receipts for tax payment have security features venue also enhances each others gains and comple- that are hard to counterfeit and anti-graft cases against ments efforts not needlessly waste resources through erring employees were filed at the Office of the Omduplication. The Management Group composed of 6-7 budsman. top management members also meet during the alternating week. In this group, ideas are freely discussed In project identification/selection systematic method and exchanged for selecting and prioritizing was formulated to determine their distribution throughout the districts and for identifying sources of funds. The principle is for a balanced development.
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6.1.6 The Barangay
However, since the entire City was already covered by the respective territories of the 133 barangays, these The basic political units we know today as barangays newly created barangays were merely carved - out serve as the primary planning and implementing unit of existing barangays. Meanwhile, the area now known of government policies, plans, programs, projects and as Barangay Payatas was declared as separate barangay activities in the community and as the forum wherein from Barangay Commonwealth thru a court order renthe collective views of the people may be expressed, dered by Quezon City Court of First Instance, Branch crystallized and considered and where disputes may 31, on March 5, 1976, hence, is of a special case. Howbe amicably settled. The barangays emanated from ever, said court order did not define the exact metes what were then called barrios which exist and oper- and bounds of Barangay Payatas. ate as quasi-municipal entities that perform particular government functions thru its barrio council and un- The latest addition to the list is thru Ordinance No. SP der the supervision of the Mayor. Republic Act 2370 439, S-96 dated September 10, 1996 dividing Barangay of June 21, 1959 or the Barrio Charter governed the Pasong Putik into three (3) barangays namely: Greater Lagro, Pasong Putik Proper, and North Fairview. activities of barrios. In the period of the Marcos administration, particularly during the martial law period, barrio assemblies came to be called as citizens assemblies as prescribed by PD 86 dated December 31, 1972. When PD 557 was issued on September 21, 1974, these barrios were renamed as barangays and the Barrio Charter, as amended by RA 3590 of June 22, 1963 was adopted as the Barangay Charter. In Quezon City , prior to PD 86 ,there already existed forty- four (44) barrios that were constituted by the then City Council. In 1973, pursuant to PD 86, eighty - nine (89) more civic assemblies were created and later all these one hundred thirty three (133) barrios and civic assemblies were declared as barangays thru Executive Orders No. 20 to 35 dated June 25, 1975 of then Mayor Norberto S. Amoranto in compliance with PD 557. The boundary descriptions and maps which formed part of the said Executive Orders, were prepared by the then Quezon City Secretariat on the Delineation of Barangay Boundaries. These were submitted to then Department of Local Government and Community Development (DLGCD) on December 9, 1975 for confirmation. Subsequent barangays created in the City were either thru Presidential Decrees (1978 to 1981)- three (3) barangays, or thru Batas Pambansa (1982 to 1984) - another three (3), making a total of 139 barangays. The City is made up of 142 barangays each with a barangay council composed of one (1) Punong Barangay, seven (7) Barangay Kagawad Members (1) Sangguniang Kabataan Chairman, (1) Barangay Secretary, (1) Barangay Treasurer and (1) Lupon Tagapamayapa. These barangay officials are the City governments overwhelming presence in communities and the grassroots. They are deemed persons of authority in their jurisdiction, being designated by law to take charge of the maintenance of public order, protection and security of life and property and maintenance of a desirable and balanced environment. With the passage of Local Government Code of 1991 (RA 7160) , the barangays were granted more powers and prerogatives. In terms of land area, Barangay Bagong Silangan with 595.1 ha. is the biggest while Barangay Escopa I with 1.28 ha. is the smallest. In terms of population, Barangay Commonwealth has the biggest with 172,834 and Barangay Manga has the least with 634.
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Table In- 3 Barangay Income Profile
Barangay
Highest Bgy. Income (RPT, IRA, &Other Source Bahay Toro Batasan Hills Commonwealth Bagumbayan Old Balara Tatalon South Triangle Sto. Cristo B. Pag-asa Samson Bagumbayan South Triangle Bahay Toro Commonwealth Old Balara Tatalon Mariblo New Era Unang Sigaw V. Ma. Clara Bayanihan Old Capitol Site Alicia Mariblo Payatas Escopa II & IV Escopa IV Krus na Ligas Botocan Damar New Era Unang Sigaw V. Ma. Clara Mangga Old Capitol Site
Amount (2007)
20,655,736.52 35,579.275.60 25,973,184.00 18,232,191.56 6,606,106.23 8.790,912.62 23,663,587.00 11,628,889.52 14,082,692.00 30,899,483.00 13,973,149.50 13,565,416.00 3,075,550.17 3,449,748.85 2,271,934.83 2,581,444.70 1,865,510.91 1,725.089.92 1,724.937.41 1,726,691.77 720,000.00 1,332,871.00 433,905.00 720,780.00
Amount (2008)
23,291,936.36 48,443,844.52 24,991,278.62 19,258,830.41 6,520,105.71 8,053,508.11 13,870,335.00 15,664,205.41 17,270,253.00 44,672,442.00 18,382,292.00 15,264,491.00 2,914,971.35 2,244,824.00 2,601,831.59 2,879,745.52 1,886,311.22 1,659,959.76 1,659,959.76 1,671,348.39 832,831.00 2,244,824.00 600,442.00 943,395.00
Dist
I II II III III IV IV I I II III IV I II III IV I II II III III IV I I II III III IV IV I II II III III IV
Highest Share on RPT
Highest Share on IRA
Lowest Bgy. Income (RPT, IRA, &Other Source
Lowest Share on RPT
Lowest Share on IRA
Source: City Budget Office
Of the 142 barangays, Batasan Hills and Commonwealth in District II have the highest income with P35.57 million (2007) and P48.44 million (2008), respectively, while Brgys. Villa Ma. Clara in District III and Unang Sigaw in District II have the lowest with P 2.27 million (2007)and P 2.24million (2008), respectively. As to share on Real Property Tax (RPT), Brgy. Bagumbayan in District III and South Triangle, District IV, got the highest share with P 23.663 million (2007) and P15.664 million (2008), respectively, and Payatas, District II and Escopa IV, District III posted the lowest with only P1.65 million (both in 2008. On the other hand, Brgy. Commonwealth got the biggest share on IRA with P30.89 million (2007) and 48.043 million (2008) largely due to its big population and large area and Brgys. Villa Ma. Clara and Mangga, both of District III, got the smallest share, with only P 433,905.00 (2007) and Mangga P 600,442.00 (2008).
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Operation of the barangays is funded out of the following major sources: (See Table In-4)
Table In- 4 Barangay Funds Sources
SOURCES
Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) Community Tax Real Property Tax
SHARE / DISTRIBUTION
50% of the community tax collected through the Barangay Treasurer 30% of the Real Property Tax is distributed among the component barangays a. 50% accrues to the barangay where the property is located b. 50% accrues equally to all component barangays of the city
Taxes, Fees and Charges
The barangays may impose taxes, fees or charges on business establishments
Source: Local Government Code of 1991
Quezon City is the first local government unit to give Barangay officials full fiscal control over their share of real property tax starting 2002, which are given them on a quarterly basis. Coordination with the various barangay is being handled by the Barangay Operations Center. The term of office of all local elective officials is three (3) years but shall not serve for more than three (3) consecutive years in the same position.
Table In-5 Status of Barangay Halls, District I-IV
District
I II III IV Total
No. of Brgy
37 30 37 38 142 32 29 33 34 128
Status Permanent Temporary

5 1 4 2 12 2 2
Constructed in Sidewalk/ Govt Lot Private Lot Open Space

32 29 35 34 130 1 1 1 2 5 4 1 2 7
Source: Barangay Operations Center
Quezon City is home to 142 barangays dispersed in the citys four (4) districts. Each barangay has its own barangay hall. Of the 142 barangays, 128 have permanent structure, 12 have temporary structure, while two (2) barangays are renting a space. As to location, five (5) are constructed in private property, seven (7) are occupying sidewalk/open space and 130 are on government lots. (Refer to Table In-5).
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6.1.7 National Government Agencies

The Local Government Code of 1991, provides that national agencies and offices with project implementation functions shall coordinate with the local government units in the discharge of these functions. They shall ensure the participation of local government units both in the planning and implementation of national projects. For this purpose, the city exercises close coordination with the national agencies like the DPWH, MWSS and the MMDA in regard to their respective plans and projects to be undertaken in the City. This is to prevent overlapping and/or duplication of projects in the city as well as to ensure a smooth implementation of the projects. Some national government agencies (NGAs) have branches based and operating in the city that are rendering services to the city residents. Among them are: Regional Trial Court (Department of Justice ) City Prosecutors Office (Department of Justice) Metropolitan Trial Court (Department of Justice) Registry of Deeds (Department of Justice City Auditors Office (Commission on Audit) Central Police District Command (DILG) QC Fire District (with 16 Fire-sub-stations) (DILG) Division of City Schools (Dep Ed) Quezon City Jail (BJMP, DILG]) Adjudication, comptrolling, protective services are, among others, the type of public services rendered by these agencies to the city residents and the city government as well. The basic services and facilities herein above enumerated are funded from the share of local government units in the proceeds of national taxes, other local revenues and funding support from National Government (RA 7160, Sec. 17, 4g). Other national government agencies that are housed in the Quezon City Hall Compound and providing direct service to the QC residents and general public as well through extension offices are the Philippine National Red Cross (PNRC), Commission on Election (COMELEC), National Bureau of Investigation (NBI), the Philippine Postal Corporation, the Technical Education Skills Development Authority (TESDA) and the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI).
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Chapter 6 Institutional Profile & Development Table In-6 Devolved Functions to LGU
National Agency
Housing and Land Use Reg. Board (HLRB)
Devolved Function
Approval of subdivision schemes and development plans of all subdivision, residential, commercial, industrial, all economic and socialized hosing projects Accepts and recommends to the Tricycle Franchising Board (TFB) the approval of all applications for motorized tricycle operators permit (MTOP/Franchise) dropping or cancellation of Franchise/MTOP, change of ownership of tricycle unit, renewal of MTOP/Franchise, amendment of franchise which are applied to by operators of motorized tricycles Inspects, monitors, conduct of cockfighting and/or derby activity in the city and evaluates proposals for construction of cockpits Empowerment of urban farmers and interested constituents thru extension methodologies; Assistance in procurement of high breed species adoptable and appropriate of its purpose; Assistance in animal deliveries, farm and home visits; Assistance in procurement and/or dispersal of fingerlings; Extension of technical assistance to organizations to serve as channels for developing leadership and cooperation leading to community development Protection and rehabilitation of the segment of the citys population (individual, family & community) who has the least in life in terms of physical, mental and social wellbeing, needing social welfare assistance and social work interventions to restore their normal functioning and participation in community development Establishment and operation of health care centers, maternity lying-in, clinics for sexually-transmitted diseases, laboratories, mobile clinics and others. Provide pre marital counseling, communicable disease control, disease surveillance and epidemic logical investigations, nutrition information, education and motivation. Assistance in the implementation of the Anti-Smoke Belching Program of the city such as apprehension of smoke belching vehicles, verification of apprehension (Dist 1-4)
Local Government Unit

Subdivision Administration Unit (ZAU) Tricycle Regulation Unit (TRU)
=Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB)
Philippine Gamefowl Commission Department of Agriculture
EPWMD (the devolved personnel takes charge of urban agriculture
Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
Social Services Development Department (SSDD)
Department of Health
QC Health Department
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
Pollution control Unit under EPWMD

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6.2 Government and Income Expenditure

6.2.1 Government Income
Sources of government revenue can be classified as regular income and nonregular income. Regular income covers traditional sources as taxation, internal revenue allotment, fees and charges and other receipts. Non-regular income, on the other hand, are sourced thru other means available to the local government units (LGU) which include among others as credit financing, bond flotation, privatization, etc. The period 2001-2007 saw income growing by an average of 14.31% annually, with the highest growth rate recorded in 2001-2002 by almost 50%, the first year of the Belmonte Administration. (See Fig In-2).
Figure In-2 Local Government Income Growth; QC:2001-2007
8000000 7000000 6000000 5000000 4000000 3000000 2000000 1000000 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Figure In-3 Local Government Income Growth; QC:2001-2007 Grants/Aids
Other Taxes
4.91%
2.07%
Real Property Tax
14.90%
40.51%
Business Tax Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA)
13.26%
Non-Tax Revenues
24.27%
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Tax Revenues Tax revenues have consistently been the top revenue source during the 2001-2007 period with revenues from IRA coming in second. Tax revenues grew by 16.64% annually during said period, internal revenue allotment by 6.95% and non-tax revenues by 26.86%. In the year 2007, total income of the city reached P7.70B, an increase of 6.747% from the P7.22B recorded in 2006. Tax revenues comprised 60.39% of total city income in said year, IRA comprised 24.27% while non-tax revenues comprised 13.26%.
graphic Information System (GIS) for future tax mapping of real property, issuance of official receipts with security features to identify and curb the proliferation of fake receipts. The city also developed a database system that now contains around 400,000 real property units with capability to record payments, and the capacity to service 20,000 taxpayer transactions a day. Business Tax Collections from business tax has consistently been the top revenue source of the city growing by an average of about 23.31% during the 2001-2007 period. In 2007, it reached P3.12B or about 41% of total city income, an increase of 11.27% from 2006s P2.8B.
With the business tax strategies adopted by the city which include implementing the presumptive income approach to make tax declarations more realistic, the 1. Real Property Tax P 1,153.23 Million 14.97% random examination of books of business firms, door2. Business Tax P 3,119.44 Million 40.51% to-door verification of unlicensed establishments, re3. Other Taxes P 378.03 Million 4.91% alignment of tax rates (making the business tax rates the lowest among its peer cities in Metro Manila), coupled with the development of the QC Central Business Real Property Tax District which will simulate synergy in the business environment of the city, it will, in the near future also beCollections from real property tax grew at an average come the top business tax revenue collector not only of 10.08% during the period 2001-2007. in Metro Manila but the entire country as well.
Type of Tax Amount
Share to Total Income
In 2007, real property tax collections reached P1.15B or about 15% of total city income. It was the third biggest revenue source of the city in 2007 next to IRA, although it is assumed in the succeeding years that it will be dislodging revenues from IRA which in previous years has been the second biggest revenue source of the city next to revenues from business tax, indicating that the city is becoming less dependent on IRA. The increase is attributed to the reforms/strategies implemented by the city which includes among others the following: computerization of systems and processes, auction sale of real properties, implementation of Geo-
Other Taxes Other taxes include tax on transfer of real property ownership, professional tax and community tax. This form of taxes grew at an average of about 20.24% during the 2001-2007 period. In 2007, revenues from other taxes reached P378.03M, a decrease of 28% from the 2006 figure of P527.13M. The P378.03M represents about 5% of total city income in 2007.
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Internal Revenue Allotment The internal revenue allotment (IRA) or the citys share in the national revenue taxes amounted to P1.87B in 2007 or about 24% of total city income. During the period 2001-2007, IRA grew by an average of 6.95% annually. The increasing number of cities in the country, one of the factors in determining the share of each city in the national revenue taxes, will further decrease the amount of IRA share of the city in the succeeding years. It increased by 6.9% in 2007 compared with the 2006 figure of P1.54B and got the highest/biggest IRA allocation among the cities in Metro Manila.
Non-Tax Revenues Non-Tax Revenues or income from regulatory fees, service user charges and receipts from economic enterprises such as the citys markets, reached P1.02B in 2007, an increase of 9.35% from the 2006 figure of P934.16M. It comprised about 13% of total city income in 2007 and grew by an average of 27% during the period 2001-2007. It is worthy to note that the city under the Belmonte Administration did not resort to any loans/borrowings and has in fact paid its total obligation with the Land Bank of the Philippines in 2006 that was incurred by the previous administration. With Mayor Belmonte at the helm, the countrys once bankrupt LGU became the most profitable and the richest city for three consecutive years as recognized by the Commission on Audit.
Figure In-4 Percentage Share of Government Income by Source; 2001-2007
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2001 02 03 Source: City Treasurers office 04 05 06 07
Other Taxes Non-Tax Revenues Real Property Tax
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6.2.2 Government Expenditure

By Major Function The citys expenditure grew at an average of 9.70% annually during the period 2001-2007 with the 2006-2007 period exhibiting an increase of 43.48% from P3.98B in 2006 to P5.71B in 2007. (See Fig. In-5).
Figure In-5 Government Expenditure; Quezon City: 2001-2007
6,000,000.00 5,000,000.00 4,000,000.00 3,000,000.00 2,000,000.00 1,000,000.00 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Expenditure for General Public Services topped the citys expenditure in 2007, increasing by 52.96% from P3.03B in 2006 to P4.63B in 2007. Average annual growth rate for this expenditure item during the period 2001-2007 was recorded at 15.42%. It comprised 81.09% of total city expenditures in 2007. The second biggest expenditure in 2007 was on Health, Nutrition and Population Control with P374.54M. It increased by 40.31% from the P266.93M figure in 2006. This expenditure item comprised 6.56% of total city expenditure in 2007 and exhibited an annual average growth rate of 7.53% during the period 20012007. Expenditures on Education, Culture and Sports / Manpower Development ranked third reaching P172.17M in the year 2007 representing 3.02% of total city expenditures in said year. It increased by 22.49% from the 2006 figure of P140.55M. This expenditure item registered an average annual growth rate of 1.26% during the period 2001-1007 Other city expenditures include expenditure on Social Security Services and Welfare with P126.38M, Economic Services with P119.89M, Housing and Community Development with P17.22M, Labor and Employment with P6.05M and Other Purposes with P263.08M. These expenditure items comprised 2.21%, 2.10%, 0.30%, 0.11% and 4.61% respectively, of total city expenditures in 2007.
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Figure In-6 Government Expenditure by Major Function: 2007
Sports / Manpower Development, 172,170.58 General Public Services, 4,628,230.15 Control, 374,539.59
Labor & Employment, 6,048.15 Other Purposes, 268 ,076.00 Housing & Community Development, 17,219.96 Social Security Service & Welfare, 126 ,384.41
Debt Services, 0.00
E conomic Servic es, 119,891.97
By Allotment Class / Object Quezon Citys expenses for the year 2007 classified as to allotment class / object are as follows: Personal Services P1.26 billion, Maintenance and Other Operating Expenses P2.87 billion, Capital Outlay P1.24 billion and Lump Sum Appropriations P332.81M. Figure In-9 shows the percentage components of city expenses by allotment class.
Figure In-7 Expenditure by Allotment Class; Quezon City: 2007
5.83% 50.30%
22.10%
Personal Services
Capital Outlay
21.77%
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Personal Services of P1.26 billion posted an increment of P231.40 million or 22.46% from the 2006 level P1.03 billion. The components of this expense class are Salaries and Wages, Other Compensation, Personnel Benefits Contribution and Other Personnel Benefits. Personal Services registered an average annual growth rate of 26.07% during the period 2002-2007 indicating that the city operates on a lean but mean organizational set up. It has Personal Services which is way below the allowable expenditure on the same based on the Local Government Code which allows Personal Services to be 45% of its total budget. Maintenance and Other Operating Expenses of the city increased by P373.30 million or 14.95% from P2.50 billion in 2006 to P2.87 billion in 2007. Average growth rate posted by this expenditure item is 59.05% during the period 20022007. Capital Outlay grew by P884.10 million or almost 247% from P358.18 million in 2006 indicating various infrastructure projects implemented in 2007. Capital Outlay grew at an average annual growth rate of 12.27% during the 2002-2007 period. Lump Sum Appropriations on the other hand increased by almost P241 million in 2007 or 2.62% from P91.94 million in 2006 to P332.81 million in the current year.
6.3 Local Legislation

As the legislative body of the City, the Council enacts ordinances that would facilitate implementation of social and economic development projects and activities and approves resolutions and appropriates funds for the general welfare of the City residents. The Office of the City Secretary serves as the Secretary to the Council, providing legislative, administrative, and secretarial support services to the body. As such, the City Secretary is also responsible for the documenting and monitoring of all legislative measures and documents allowing the LGU to store and retrieve information regarding its legislative processes. The twenty-four (24) city councilors have their own areas of political jurisdiction known as Councilors Area of Responsibility (CAR). There are 24 CARs which serve as the extension area of the City Mayor thru the City Councilors to rationalize and facilitate the delivery of basic services to the residents comprising the area.
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Table In-7 Brief Profile of District Councils
District
I II III IV Total
Number of Brgys
37 30 37 38 142
Number of CAR
6 6 6 6 24
Land Area (Has.)

1,960.44 9,631.68* 2,186.00 2,343.16 16,121.28
District
401,705 1,559,641 299,217 418,887 2,679,450
Source: City Treasurers office
The 24 councilors also function as chairpersons, vice-chairpersons and/or member of regular committees at the city council. Legislative Outputs The Quezon City Council, from July 2001 up to September 2008 has passed and approved a total of 3,450 legislative measures which were classified into 12 areas. For planning purposes however, the classification was further reduced to 5 development sectors.
Table In-8 Legislative Outputs; Quezon City: 2001-2008
LEGISLATIVE MEASURES
ORDINANCES
174 76 34 66
RESOLUTIONS
161 101 191 252 230 278 247 223 303 312 248 119 2,665
Public Works & Infrastructure, Building, Zoning, Subdivision & Housing
86 50 27
Commerce & Industry, Market & Slaughterhouses, Economic Enterprises, Livelihood & Employment Youth Welfare, Sports, Amusement /Entertainment, Games & Drugs Parks, Environment and Garbage TOTAL
Source: Office of the City Secretary
35 37 153 25 22 785
Table In-9 Legislative Outputs; Quezon City: 2001-2008
SECTOR
SOCIAL ECONOMIC LAND USE /INFRASTRUCTURE ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTIONAL TOTAL
Approved Ordinance
340 35 108 25 277 785
% Equivalent
43 5 14 3 35 100
Approved
1336 223 349 248 509 2,665
% Equivalent
50 9 13 9 19 100
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6.4 Peoples Participation

The Philippine Constitution of 1987 promotes the involvement of peoples groups and the private sector at all levels of government. It is provided in the Local Government Code (RA 7160, Sec. 3 (l), 34, 35, 36) that local government units shall promote the establishment and operation of peoples and non-governmental organizations (POs/NGOs) to become active partners in the pursuit of local autonomy. Sec. 3 (l) RA 7160 : The participation of the private sector in local governance, particularly in the delivery of basic services, shall be encouraged Sec. 34 RA 7160 : Government units shall promote the establishments and operation of peoples and nongovernmental organization to become active partners in the pursuit of local autonomy Sec. 35 RA 7160 : Government units may enter into joint ventures and such other cooperative arrangement with peoples and nongovernmental organizations All organizations seeking representation to the local development council shall apply for accreditation at
the City Council through the City Councils Committee on Peoples Participation in the selection of sectoral representatives to the Local Development Council (LDC). Only accredited organizations shall be qualified for representation in the local special bodies. There are also non-LDC members which are actively participating in program/project development like the ABS CBN Foundation, GMA Kapuso Foundation, Inc., etc. The Community Relations Office (CRO) handles the coordination with the peoples organizations, non-governmental organizations and other community organizations. It also generates feedback from constituents that may help improve local government services.
6.4.1 Local Special Bodies

To enhance the peoples active participation in the process of effective governance and development, peoples and non-governmental organizations are represented in the local special bodies where they will actively participate in the formulation of development plans and investment programs. (See Table In-10).
Table In- 10 Local Special Bodies and their Functions
LOCAL SPECIAL BODIES

City Development Council City Health Board City School Board City Peace and Order Council Peoples Law Enforcement Boards *
FUNCTIONS
Formulates plans and recommends measures which will improve/ enhance peace and order and public safety in the local level
projects and goods

Source: Local Government Code of 1991
Although the Implementing Rules and Regulations of the Local Government Code includes the Peoples Law Enforcement Board as one among the local special bodies, the provision of the Code as to the manner of selecting representatives to the local special bodies does not apply to the PLEBs. 6.4.2 The QC Local Development Council
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In 2002 the Quezon City Council thru the Committee on Peoples Participation was able to accredit a total of 830 organizations from which 50 sectoral representatives were elected and became members of the local development council (LDC). The Citys LDC was first convened and reconstituted on February 27, 2003 with complete membership and since then has become a functioning LDC. (See Fig In-8 & In-9)
Figure In-8 CDC Membership in Plenary Primary Functions LDC: Formulate development plans and policies; Formulate public invesment programs; Appraise and prioritize programs and projects Formulate investment incentives Coordinate, monitor aevaluate implementation of development programs and projects. Executive Committee: Represent the LDC when is not in session; Ensure that the LDC decisions are faithfully carried out and act on matters needing immediate attention by the LDC; Formulate plans, policies and programs based on principles and priorities laid out by LDC Secreteriat: Provide technical support to the LDC; Document proceeding; Prepare reports; Other support functions as may be necessary Sectoral Functional Committee: Assist the LDC in the performance of its functions; Provide the LDC with data and information essential to the formulation of plans, programs and activities; Define sectoral functional objectives, set targets and identify programs, projects and activities; Collate and analyze data and conduct studies; Conduct public hearings on sectoral planning, projects and acivities; Monitor and evaluate programs and projects, and Perform functions assigned be the LDC
LDC Structure
Secretariat
Sectoral or
> Social > Economic > Infrastructure > Environment and > Natural Resources
Figure In-9 CDC Structure & Functions
Chairman Members
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Table In-11 Number of QC NGO/PO Representatives to the CDC
Sector
Urban Poor Charitable/Civic Livelihood/Vendors Labor/Workers Women Homeowners Youth and Children
# of Reps
10 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 Business
Sector
Environment Elderly Social/Cultural Development Professional Religious Persons with Disability Total
# of Reps
10 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 2
The accredited organizations adopt their internal rules of procedure to govern the selection of the sectoral representatives to the LCD. The designated sectoral representatives are co-terminous with the mandate of the local chief executive. Should a vacancy arise, the selected POs and NGOs shall designate a replacement for the unexpired term. In 2007, the city government through the City Councils Committee on People Participation has accredited 527 organization. From this number, the 25% membership to the CDC was drawn. Through a selection process coordinated by the DILG-NCR, in an assembly enacted for the purpose, the 50 organizations were selected with their duly authorized representative to comprise the 25% requirement of the CDC membership. In the said accredited organizations, there are big numbers of active urban poor organizations, hence, it posted the bigger representation. (See Table In-11).
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QUEZON CITY DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL 2007-2010

Chairman : Hon. Feliciano Belmonte, Jr. - City Mayor Members : Hon. Vincent Crisologo - District I Representative Hon. Mary Anne Susano - District II Representative Hon. Matias Defensor - District III Representative Hon. Nanette Daza - District IV Representative Hon. Voltaire Godofredo Liban III - Chairman, Committee on Appropriations Mr. Tomasito L. Cruz - CDC Secretary
Barangay Captains
District I PB Roberto G. Fortuno - Bgy. Vasra PB Fermin B. Bilaos Bgy. Bagong Pagasa PB Rizaldy C. Nepomuceno Bgy. Sto. Cristo PB Mario M. Nunez Bgy. Project 6 PB Eduardo M. Firmalino Bgy. Ramon Magsaysay PB Leonardo C. Flores, III Bgy. Alicia PB Dennis A. Caboboy Bgy. Bahay Toro PB Ma. Teresa R. Pobre Bgy. Katipunan PB Nestor R. Berroya - Bgy. San Antonio PB Gideon F. Gener Bgy. Veterans Village PB Ricardo B. Corpuz Bgy. Bungad PB Jose A. Diaz - Bgy. Phil Am PB Beng San U. Sia Bgy. West Triangle PB Ernesto B. Baetiong Bgy. Sta. Cruz PB Eunice C. Bucsit Bgy. Nayong Kanluran PB Alfredo A. Anos, Jr. Bgy. Paltok PB Romeo A. Dela Cruz - Bgy. Paraiso PB Thomas T. Dizon - Bgy. Mariblo PB Gualberto B. Casaje, Jr. Bgy. Damayan PB Leopoldo L. Sta. Maria, Jr. Bgy. Del Monte PB Ramon G. Veloso Bgy. Masambong PB Virginia C. Ongtauco Bgy. Talayn PB Richard N. Yu Bgy. Sto. Domingo PB Benjamin P. Rivera Bgy. Sienna PB Renaldo R. Baena Bgy. St. Peter PB Mario D. Alcantara, Jr. Bgy. San Jose PB Cicero B. Ada Bgy. Manresa PB Ester M. Gutierrez Bgy. Damar PB Leonardo P. Salting Bgy. Pag ibig sa Nayon PB Erlinda M. Madrilejo Bgy. Balingasa PB Jaime E. Cabaluna, Jr. Bgy. Sta. Teresita PB Ramoncito S. Reyes Bgy.San Isidro Labrador PB William Manugar S. Chua Bgy. Paang Bundok PB Juanito J. Miranda Bgy. Salvacion PB Amelia M. Amoranto Bgy. N.S. Amoranto PB Junie R. Ricaforte Bgy. Maharlika PB Manuel S.D. Crisostomo Bgy. Lourdes District II PB Estrella C. Valmocina Bgy. Holy Spirit PB Ranulfo Z. Ludovica Bgy. Batasan Hills PB Jose M. Gaviola, Sr. Bgy. Commonwealth PB Armando E. Endaya Bgy. Bagong Silangan Rosario L. Dadulo Bgy. Payatas PB Jose Arnel L. Quebal Bgy. Fairview PB Jesus I. Dungca Bgy. Pasong Putik PB Renato U. Galimba Bgy. Greater Lagro PB Nestor T. Reyes Bgy. North Fairview PB Reynaldo B. Miranda, Jr. Bgy. Kaligayahan PB William R. Bawag Bgy. Sta. Lucia PB Ramiro S. Osorio Bgy. San Agustin PB Jose A. Visaya Bgy. Novaliches Proper PB Dr. Domingo C. Pascual, Jr. Bgy. N. Nayon PB Arnaldo A. Cando Bgy. Capri PB Elenita I. Balajonda Bgy. Sta. Monica PB Rolando F. Dela Cruz Bgy. San Bartolome PB Carlito R. Bernardino Bgy. Bagbag PB Francisco G. Vitug, Sr. Bgy. Sauyo PB Ernesto A. Tanigue Bgy. Gulod PB Ursula R. Juan Bgy. Talipapa PB Eduardo R. Juan Bgy. Baesa PB Elenita C. De Jesus Bgy. Apolonio Samson PB Leonor L. Briones Bgy. Balonbato PB Orlando G. Mamonong Bgy. Unang sigaw PB Juan M. Untalan Bgy. Sangandaan PB Hector B. Geronimo Bgy. Tandang Sora PB Ma. Victoria C. Pilar - Bgy. Pasong Tamo PB Jaime P. Garcia Bgy. Culiat PB Dr. Salvador B. Corpuz bgy. New Era District III PB Romeo F. Alvarez Bgy. Silangan PB Jose O. De Guzman Bgy. Socorro PB Danilo E. Tan Bgy. E. Rodriguez PB Emily T. Algabre Bgy. West Kamias PB Leonardo G. Sabido Bgy. East Kamias PB Noel R. Agdeppa Bgy. Quirino 2A PB Celso G. De Veas Bgy. Quirino 2B PB Mariquit R. Cortes Bgy. Quirino 2C PB Mario V. Padolina Bgy. Quirino 3A PB Romeo B. Tagle, Sr.. Bgy. Quirino 3B (Claro) PB Manuel B. Llanes, Sr. Bgy. Duyan Duyan PB Mario C. De Guzman Bgy. Amihan PB Beda T. Torrecampo - Bgy. Matandang Balara PB Dominic P. Flores Bgy. Pansol PB Caesar P. Marquez Bgy. Loyola Heights PB Edwin R. Dela Cruz Bgy. San Roque PB Cesar R. Dela Fuente, Jr. Bgy. Mangga PB Juliet L. Ginete Bgy. Masagana PB Reynaldo B. Rivera Bgy. Villa Ma. Clara PB Edgardo F. Pangilinan Bgy. Bayanihan PB Patricia S. Belardo Bgy. Camp Aguinaldo PB Glicerio G. Intengan Bgy. White Plains PB Raymundo R. Carlos Bgy. Libis PB Lehner V. Martires Bgy. Ugong Norte PB Elmer C. Maturan Bgy. Bagumbayan PB Gonzalo B. Misa Bgy. Blue Ridge A PB Arturo S. Dimayuga Bgy. Blue Ridge B PB Charminia B. Banal Bgy. St. Ignatius PB Rolando B. Jarabelo Bgy. Milagrosa PB Mario C. Morales Bgy. Escopa I PB Fernandito M. Ortiz Bgy. Escopa II PB Delia M. Bongbonga Bgy. Escopa III PB Ronald M. Taguba Bgy. Escopa IV PB Peter T. Abad Bgy. Marilag PB Raulito R. Datiles Bgy. Bagumbuhay PB Enrico C. Rizo, Sr. Bgy. Tagumpay PB Oscar Q. Concepcion Bgy. Dioquino Zobel District IV PB Alberto C. Flores Bgy. Sacred Heart PB Ralph C. Diaz Bgy. Laging handa PB Marcelo T. San Pedro Bgy. Obrero PB Leopoldo A. Tiamson bgy. Paligsahan PB Marcos L. Estrada, Jr. Bgy. Roxas PB Jayson G. Encomienda Bgy. Kamuning PB Larry L. Handayan bgy. South Triangle PB Vincent T. Saab Bgy. Pinagkaisahan PB Peter L. Cabasag Bgy. Immaculate Heart PB Lilia R. Serrano Bgy. San Martin de Porres PB Ma. Teresa L. Atentar Bgy. Kaunlaran PB Teresa G. Jardio Bgy. B.L. ng Crame PB Josefina P. Ang Bgy. Horseshoe PB Luisito L. De Guzman Bgy. Valencia PB Benedick B. Baega Bgy. Tatalon PB Robin C. Porlaje Bgy. Kalusugan PB Armando T. Lazo Bgy. Kristong Hari PB Josel D. Clet Bgy. Damayang Lagi PB Regina Celeste C. San Miguel Bgy. Mariana PB Concepcion S. Malagen Bgy. Dona Imelda Daniel C. Sakay Bgy. Santol PB Wilfredo DG. Concepcion Bgy. Sto. Nino PB Efren B. Cudal Bgy. San Isidro Galas PB Antonio T. Cadampog, Jr. Bgy. Dona Aurora PB Jimmy A. Lim Bgy. Don Manuel PB Alfredo S. Garcia Bgy. Dona Josefa Virgilio S. Ferrer II Bgy. UP Village Mauricio C. Gutierrez, Sr. Bgy. Old Capitol site Isabelita P. Gravides Bgy. UP Campus Kristhine Del G. Adraneda Bgy. San Vicente Robert Edmund G. Bautista Bgy. T. Village East Federico S. Jong, Jr. Bgy. T. Village West PB Rosa D. Magpayo Bgy. Central PB Jesus N. Lipnica, Jr. Bgy. Pinyahan PB Feliciana B. Ong Bgy. Malaya PB Annabella I. Curracho Bgy. Sikatuna PB Benjamin A. Erediano Bgy. Botocan PB Julian B. Santos Bgy. Krus na Ligas
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POs/NGOs Sectoral Representatives

URBAN POOR Philip G. Latonero - Sambayanang Magkadaup Palad, Inc. Nicolas M. Superable III - 31 Guirayan FVR Neighborhood Association, Inc. Jesus G. Frivaldo - Doa Lualhati Cojuangco Homeowners, Inc. Jesus Jayson C. Miranda - Foundation for the Devt. of Urban Poor Luz P. Savilla - Alyansa ng Maralita sa Nova. (ALMANOVA) Jesus B. Maglente - Metro Heights Cmpd. Residents Assn., Inc. Ferdinand Felicio - Tala Estate Settlers Fed.,Inc. Arceli C. Concepcion -Jasmin HOA Ronnie A. Soliven - Samahang Maralita sa Araneta Ave. cor. Sgt. Rivera St. Inc.( SAMARI INC.) Loreto B. Amora - BAYAYA Samahang Pinagbuklod COOPERATIVE Rosario D. Caadido - Bagbag Multi-Purpose Coop., Inc. Rolando P. Montiel - Kyusi Employees Multi-Purpose Amelito L. Revuelta - NCR League of the Phil. Fed. Of Credit Cooperative CHARITABLE/CIVIC ORGANIZATION Joannes O. Ablog - Katipunan at Sandigan ng mga Pil. (KASAPI) Arsenio C. Organo - Pugad Lawin Phils. Michael P. Canlas - Kabalikat Charity Civic Communicator WOMEN Ma. Josefina Belmonte-Alimurung - QC Ladies Foundation, Inc. Adela C. Gaton -samahang Kababaihan ng Bgy. Batasan Hills (SKBBH) Jean C. Enriquez - Coalition Against Trafficking in Women-Asia Pacific, Inc.. (CATW-AP) EDUCATION Imelda A. Gigantoca = ORIOLE Learning School, Inc. Engr. Sirad Alonto- Abantas - RAHMA-Q.L.C. Mosque Found. Merlyn C. Valerio Sto. Cristo PTCA-Fed. Inc. LIVELIHOOD/ VENDORS Victoria Q. Abril - P.U.D. Site Talipapa Vendors Assn. (PUDSTVA) Miranda M. Verdadero - Kapitbisig QC Vendors, Assn. Rosario G. Mercader - .Sentro ng Maggagawang Pilipina, Inc. LABOR/WORKERS Arnold F. De Vera - Sentro Alternatibong Lingap Panligal (SALIGAN) Adelaida S. Lazaro - Akbay Pinoy SOCIAL JUSTICE/PEACE AND ORDER Edwin C. Chavez - Center for Popular Empowerment Edwin Molao, Jr. - Phil. Guardian Brotherhood Inc. (Maguindanao Chapter) TRANSPORTATION Armando E. Garcia - Batasan Hills Padjack D.O Assn. Josephine A. Gerones - Villa Espana TODA PROFESSIONAL Rose Marinette B. Gozum - Alternative Planning Initiatives, Inc. Alex D. Tamargo - Assn. of Paralegals in QC Arch. Bibiano A. Luzande, Jr. - United Architect of the Phil. (UAP) RELIGIOUS Jefferson P. Agudes - Youth Crusade for Christ. HOMEOWNERS Atty. Gregorio D. David - Project 6 HOA & Residents Assn., Inc. Teresita T. Margallo - Samahang Pinagpala (Main) Evelyn S. Galang - ROTC Hunter Neighborhood Assn.,Inc. YOUTH/CHILDREN/SPORTS Aaron James D. Porlante - Bible Readers (BREAD) Society Intl. QC Chapter Mario C. Gordovez - Samahan Kabataan ng Batino at Banaba (SKBB) BUSINESS George A. Pimentel - PAREB Q.C Realtors Board, Inc. Nilo S. Gret - QC Automotive Surplus Dealers Assn. (QC - ASDA) ENVIRONMENT Ma. Felisa Teresa C. Papna - Los Angeles Creek Side Assn.,Inc. Kalikasan Guild UP Campus Gregorio M. Gabuya - Kalikasan Guild UP Campus ELDERLY Jorge L. Banal, Sr. - FSCAP NCR, QC Chapter, Inc. Carmel C. Almendrala - Senior Association of Bgy. Teachers Village West HEALTH AND SANITATION Anna Victoria F. Simon - Quezon City Council on Population, Inc PERSONS WITH DISABILITY (PWDs) Arnold L. De Guzman - Federation of Persons with Disability CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT Rheila M. Uy - QC Performing Arts Devt. Foundation Maritess M. Palma - IMPRUB, Inc.
CORE TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP OF THE CITY DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING FOR QUEZON CITY
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SECTOR Judy Gilda S. Martinez - City Health Department Fe P Macale - Social Services Development Department (SSDD) . Ramon T. Asprer - Urban Poor Affairs Office (UPAO) Araceli T. Liwanagan - City Schools Mary Ruby M. Palma - Gender and Development (GAD) Manuel L. Arnan - Department of Public Order and Safety (DPOS) Jaime E. Varela - Office of Counilor Castelo Josefina B. Alimurung - Non-Government Organization (NGO) PB Josefina Ang - Barangay ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SECTOR Annie I. Eugenio - Cultural and Tourism Affairs Office (CTAO) Armando V. Limos - Market Development and Administration Department (MDAD) Gloria G. Alcoran Task Force SikapBuhay PB Ramiro S. Osorio - Barangay Rosario G. Mercader - Non-Government Organization (NGO) LAND USE / INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT SECTOR Sabina D. Santos - City Engineering Office (CEO) Agustin Torres - Building Pedro P Rodriguez - Subdivision Administration Unit (SAU) . PB Elmer C. Maturan - Barangay Philip G. Latonero - Non-Government Organization (NGO) ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SECTOR CITY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OFFICE Andrea A. Po - Environmental Protection and Waste Management Department (EPWMD) Nancy C. Esguerra - Parks Development and Administration Department (PDAD) PB Benedick B. Banega - Barangay Evelyn Galang - Non-Government Organization (NGO) INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT SECTOR Herbert M. Bautista - Office of the Vice Mayor Cora June V. Maribao - City Budget Office (CBO) Arvin Philip M. Gotladera - City Treasurers Office (CTO) Tomasito L. Cruz Sol O. Angkaw Perlita H. Espino Remedios G. Furiscal Pedro Valentino P Garcia . Henry G. Lagasca Alicia C. Padua Jose Mar P Pilar . Ana Maria J. Pineda Joselito A. Pineda Patti P Villanueva . Gerry H. Dellosa - Community Relations Office (CRO) Felipe A. Arevalo III - City Legal Department Karlo Calingasan - City Legal Department Ranilo S. Mercado - Barangay Operations Center (BOC) Glorina V. Sanchez Office of the Assessor Angel L. Tesorero Communications Coordination Center (CCC) PB Federico S. Jong, Jr. Barangay Edwin C. Chavez Non-Government Organization (NGO)
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Socio Ecological Profile

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Preface

SOCIO ECOLOGICAL PROFILE 2010

Quezon City Development Council 171

94 100 105 107

SOCIO ECOLOGICAL PROFILE 2010

SOCIO ECOLOGICAL PROFILE 2010

Chapter 1 QUEZON CITY: The Envisioned City of Quezon

1.1 The Envisioned City of Quezon

SOCIO ECOLOGICAL PROFILE 2010

1.2 The Creation of Quezon City

SOCIO ECOLOGICAL PROFILE 2010

Chapter 1 QUEZON CITY: The Envisioned City of Quezon

1.3 Quezon City as the Capital City

SOCIO ECOLOGICAL PROFILE 2010

SOCIO ECOLOGICAL PROFILE 2010

Chapter 1 QUEZON CITY: The Envisioned City of Quezon

Table H-1 Changes in Land Area of Quezon City

Commonwealth Act 502

Commonwealth Act 659

Republic Act 333

Republic Act 537

Republic Act 537

October 12, 1939 7,006 Has.*

June 21, 1941 6,497 Has.*

June 16, 1956 15,106 Has.* 16,112 Has.*

SOCIO ECOLOGICAL PROFILE 2010

1.4 Changing Fortunes of Quezon City

SOCIO ECOLOGICAL PROFILE 2010

Chapter 1 QUEZON CITY: The Envisioned City of Quezon

1.5 Capitalizing on the Quezon City Vision

SOCIO ECOLOGICAL PROFILE 2010

Historical Highlights (1938-2008)

SOCIO ECOLOGICAL PROFILE 2010

Chapter 1 QUEZON CITY: The Envisioned City of Quezon

SOCIO ECOLOGICAL PROFILE 2010

SOCIO ECOLOGICAL PROFILE 2010

Chapter 2 Geophysical Profile

Quezon City Metro Manila

Figure GP-1 Location Map 1

Figure GP-2 Slope Map

SOCIO ECOLOGICAL PROFILE 2010

Chapter 2 Geophysical Profile

Figure GP-3 Soil Map

Table GP-1 Relation of Soil to Depth Depth of Soil (in ms)

Brown, loose and friable loam to clay loam

Figure GP-4 QC River System Map

Manila Manila Bay Pasay

San Juan Mandaluyong

Pateros Taguig Laguna de Bay

Paranaque Las Pinas

SOCIO ECOLOGICAL PROFILE 2010

Chapter 2 Geophysical Profile

2.2.4 Groundwater Levels

Figure GP-6 Piezometric Map

Dry Bulb (C)

Rel. Rel. Hum. %%

Cloud Amount (okta)

SOCIO ECOLOGICAL PROFILE 2010

Chapter 2 Geophysical Profile

Figure GP-7 Fault System Map

Violago Park Homes

Loyola Grand Villas

2.4 Fault System