REPORT 01

According to this experiment we have to design and implement the HALF ADDER, FULL ADDER, HALF SUBTRACTOR, FULL SUBTRACTOR by using gates, Operation of gates: NAND and NOR operation have become very popular and are widely used, the reason being the only one type of gates, either NAND or NOR are sufficient for the realization of any logical expression and for this, NAND & NOR gates are known as universal gates. Here we have takenThe Equation of the Half-Adder: S = x.y + x.y, and for carry = x.y, Thus Sum consists of one XOR gate and Carry one AND gate. The Circuit Implementation of the Half Adder using 2-input NAND gates are given below: (The Circuit is been drawn using ISE-Web-Pack Schematic tool)

The Full-Adder can be implemented by using half adder as per following diagram. For Nand implementation we can replace the OR gate with a NAND gate as show in the diagram.

The Circuit Implementation of the Full Adder using 2-input NAND Gates is given below: (The Circuit is been drawn using ISE-Web-Pack Schematic tool)

HALF SUBTRACTOR The Truth Table for Half-Subtractor is given as

X 0 0 1 1 Y 0 1 0 1 D 0 1 1 0 B 0 1 0 0

From the above table it is clear that the Difference output D is same as Sum output in half adder while the Borrow B output can be obtain if we use one not gate before the x input. So the equations are as follows The Circuit Implementation would be:

Implementing: Systematic Diagram

Similar would be the case of Full-Subtractor, the equation would be as follows: The equation were been derived from Truth table and by using K-Map Reduction technique.

Now, by observation of the Adder and Subtractor Circuit, to implement a circuit with Both Adder and Subtractor to be controlled by a Control Input E, If we just replace the High-lighted NAND gates with an XOR Gates, provided one input to those XOR is control input E, then we can use the circuit as and Adder or Subtractor with a control Input E. The XOR implementation using NAND gates is already done previously so I would replace it with XOR symbol as follows

Using Xialing , the gates has been drawn.