ARTHRITIS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Predisposing factors

Precipitating factors

Auto-immune antigen presenting cells, macrophages and the dendrite cells ingest, process and present the foreign protein antigen

Aggregation of T-lymphocytes

Initiates cellular immune response; stimulates differentiation of B-lymphocytes

Antigen-antibody complexes are form

Infiltration of macrophages and polymorphs into synovial fluid

Cytokines introduced into synovial fluid

Pannus formation occurs and migrates to articular cartilage

Production of proteolytic enzyme

Degradation of cartilage

URINARY TRACT INFECTION PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Predisposing factors *Old age

Precipitating factors *avoidance of the urge to void *inadequate fluid intake

Bacterial invasion (i.e E.coli)

Multiplication of the bacteria causing UTI in any part of the urinary tract

Interruption in the normal homeostatic environment of the urinary tract

Immune response by the body (defense mechanism of the body against foreign bodies)

Cytokines and prostaglandin release

Body induces the action of cytokines and prostaglandins

Body responds by producing physiologic Changes aimed at elevating body temp

inflammation of the lining of urinary tract

irritation of the lining of urinary tract

Narrowed urine passage

Poor emptying of the bladder