Diagnostic Methods in

Gynaecological Oncology

Akinyinka O. Omigbodun
Professor of Obstetrics & Gynaecology,
College of Medicine,
University of Ibadan,
Ibadan, Nigeria.
 Purpose

 Initial Assessment to
Plan Patient’s
Management
 Monitoring of Response

to Therapy
 Assessing Prognosis
 Methods

 History & Physical

Examination
 Imaging

 Endoscopy

 Biochemical Markers
 Methods (2)

 Immunological Markers
 Cellular/Tissue Diagnosis

 Genetic Markers & Gene

Probes
 Imaging
 Ultrasonography
 Transabdominal (TAUS)
 Cervix/Corpus/Ovaries/Trophoblast
 Transvaginal (TVUS)
 Cervix/Corpus/Ovaries/Trophoblast
 Colour Doppler

Corpus/Ovaries/Trophoblast
 Imaging (2)

 Plain X-rays
 Generally of Limited Value
 Chest

 Abdomen

 Skeletal Survey
 Imaging (3)

 Conventional Contrast
Studies
 Intravenous Urography

 Hysterosalpingography

 Pelvic Angiography

 Lymphangiography
 Imaging (4)

 Computerized Tomography
 Plain
 Contrast

 Magnetic Resonance
Imaging
 Plain
 Contrast (with Gadolinium)

 Positron Emission
 Imaging (5)

 Experimental Methods
 Optical Coherence

Tomography
 Images analysed quantitatively for
intensity of backscattered light from the
epithelia and for rates of signal decay over
the depth of epithelia
 OCT images, which contain information
about epithelial and stromal structure, can
be clinically obtained. Image features of
normal and abnormal cervical epithelium
differ significantly.
 OCT is a novel technique that can map
subsurface tissue structure to a
 Endoscopy

 Colposcopy
 Hysteroscopy

 Laparoscopy

 Cystoscopy

 Procto-sigmoidoscopy

 Culdoscopy
 Biochemical
Markers
 Electrolytes & Urea
 Creatinine/Uric Acid

 Calcium, Phosphorus

 Enzymes (e.g. LDH)

 Liver Function Tests

 Developmental (Embryonal)

Proteins – hCG, αFP, CEA etc

 Cellular / Tissue Diagnosis

 Cytology
 Conventional

Vulva/Vagina/Cervix/Corpus/Ovaries/Peritoneum
/Urine
 Fine Needle Aspiration (FNAB)
 Breast/Vulva/Ovaries
 Histology
 Regular Stains (Haematoxylin & Eosin)
 Special Stains (PAS, Silver Stains,
 Genetic Markers/Gene
Probes

 Chromosomal Markers
 Specific Genes & Gene Products
 BRCA 1; BRCA 2
 Ras protein
 Her2-neu
 p53
THANK YOU
