Você está na página 1de 50

19-Apr-12

Exec mky

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF STRESS. POSITIVE STRESS AND NEGATIVE STRESS. APPRECIATE THE IMPORTANCE OF :MAINTAINING STRESS LEVELS THAT ARE OPTIMAL MANAGING STRESS EFFECTIVELY INDIVIDUAL-LEVEL STRESS MANAGEMENT.

An estimated 80 percent modern diseases have beginning in stress.

of all their

40 million days are lost to British industry every year due to direct stress related conditions. A conservative estimate of the cost of stress to British industry would be 1.3 billion a year. Typical symptoms would include alcoholism, absenteeism, premature death and retirement.

19-Apr-12

In the USA there has been a 500 % increase in coronary heart disease over the last fifty years & similarly in INDIA

In the USA 8 million people have stomach ulcers. 12 million people are estimated to have alcohol problem.

Americans take 5 billion doses of tranquilizers and 16,000 tons of aspirin each year.
19-Apr-12

ABOUT PEOPLE

4% ARE STRESS PRODUCERS! 16% ARE SEMI-STRESS PRODUCERS!! 36% ARE NEUTRALS-THEY WILL REACT TO YOUR BODY CHEMISTRY 31% ARE HAPPINESS PRODUCERS FOR WHOEVER THEY COME IN CONTACT WITH
19-Apr-12

13% ARE PERMANENTLY STRESS-FREE PERSONS!

STRESS
MISCONCEPTIONS 1. ALL STRESS HARMFUL 2. MUST BE AVOIDED 3. HARD WORK KILLS 4. NOT ORGS PROBLEM

19-Apr-12

STRESS
TRUTHS 1. NO LIFE WITHOUT STRESS

2. PROGRESS OF MANKIND
3. NOT ONLY INDIVIDUAL, BUT ORG AS WELL , AFFECTED 4. STRESS KILLS, NOT HARD WORK 5.
19-Apr-12

STRESS IS AN INDIVIDUAL EXPERIENCE MORE PSYCHOLOGICAL THAN PHYSIOLOGICAL

What is Stress ?
Help me!

19-Apr-12

STRESS
APPLICATION OF STRAIN,
PRESSURE OR FORCE ON A SYSTEM.

19-Apr-12

STRESS
A FAIRLY PREDICTABLE AROUSAL OF PSYCHO BIOLOGICAL (MIND - BODY)

SYSTEM WHICH, IF PROLONGED , CAN


FATIGUE OR DAMAGE THE SYSTEM TO POINT OF MALFUNCTION OR DISEASE.
19-Apr-12 SAGES

STRESS
A PERCEPTUAL PHENOMENON ARISING FROM A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE DEMAND ON THE PERSON AND HIS ABILITY TO COPE. AN IMBALANCE IN THIS MECHANISM, WHEN COPING IS IMPORTANT, GIVES RISE TO THE EXPERIENCE OF STRESS AND TO STRESS RESPONSE. COPING IS BOTH PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL. IF NORMAL COPING IS INEFFECTIVE AND STRESS IS PROLONGED, ABNORMAL RESPONSES MAY OCCUR.
19-Apr-12

- TOM COX

COGNITIVE APPRAISAL OF STRESS


PERCEIVED HARMLESS
PERCEIVED THREATENING
NO STRESS

SPECIAL DEMAND

THREAT ASSESSMENT

ASSESSMENT OF RESOURCES

COPING ADEQUATE

COPING INADEQUATE

NO STRESS
19-Apr-12

STRESS

HOW DO WE REACT TO STRESS ?

19-Apr-12

Anger and Stress are our total Psycho-biological response to a situation in which we feel vulnerable to a threat or danger or feel offended.

19-Apr-12

STRESS
Is the nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it. Stress begins with a life situation that knocks you (gently or abruptly) out of balance. You are nudged or shoved into disequilibrium and need to right yourself.
19-Apr-12

WHAT CAUSES STRESS ?

19-Apr-12

STRESSOR
EVENTS OR CONDITIONS THAT PUT A STRAIN ON THE ORGANISM AND POSE A CHALLENGE TO

ADJUSTMENT.

19-Apr-12

EXTERNAL/INTERNAL CAVEMAN

19-Apr-12

BIO CHEMISTRY OF STRESS


S P I N A L C H O R D CRF HYPOTHALAMUS PITUITARY GLAND

ACTH ADRENAL GLANDS


THYROID THYROXIN

EPINEPHRINE
NOR EPINEPHRINE CORTISONE

CRF-CORTICOTROPIN RELEASE FACTOR ACTH-ADRENO CORTICOTROPIN HARMONE


19-Apr-12

HORMONES RELEASED DURING STRESS RESPONSE


1. ADRENALIN

NOREPINEPHRINE - INCREASES HEART RATE & BP EPINEPHRINE - RELEASES STORED SUGAR - BREAKS DOWN LEAN TISSUE FOR CONVERSION TO SUGAR - BLOCKS REMOVAL OF CERTAIN ACIDS IN BLOODSTREAM

2. CORTISONE

3. THYROXIN

- CONTROLS METABOLIC RATE

* AID IN PREPARATION FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY


19-Apr-12

REACTIONS IN BODY DUE TO STRESS


1. STORED SUGAR AND FATS POUR INTO BLOOD STREAM - PROVIDE FUEL FOR QUICK ENERGY. 2. BREATHING RATE INCREASES TO CATER FOR MORE OXYGEN. 3. RED BLOOD CELLS FLOOD BLOOD STREAM TO CARRY MORE OXYGEN TO MUSCLES OF LIMBS AND BRAIN. 4. HEART BEATS INCREASE - BLOOD PRESSURE GOES UP - TO ENSURE ADEQUATE BLOOD SUPPLY. 5. BLOOD CLOTTING MECHANISMS ARE ACTIVATED TO PROTECT AGAINST INJURY.
19-Apr-12

CONTD.

REACTIONS IN BODY DUE TO STRESS .CONTD


6.
7. 8. 9.

10. 11. 12. 13.


19-Apr-12

MUSCLES GET TENSE IN PREPARATION FOR STRENUOUS ACTION. DIGESTION CEASES SO THAT BLOOD MAY BE DIVERTED TO MUSCLES AND BRAIN. PERSPIRATION AND SALIVA INCREASE. TRIGGERED BY PITUATARY GLAND, THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM STEPS UP HORMONE PRODUCTION. BOWEL AND BLADDER MUSCLES LOOSEN. CORTISONE POURS INTO THE SYSTEM. PUPILS DILATE ALLOWING MORE LIGHT TO ENTER. ALL SENSES ARE HEIGHTENED.

ENERGY MOBILISERS
POSITIVE ASPECTS
RELEASE OF EPINEPHRINE & NOR EPINEPHRINE
POWERFUL STIMULANT SPEEDS UP REFLEX INCR IN SHORT TERM CAPACITY

RELEASE OF THYROID HARMONE


BOOSTS METABOLISM TRANSLATED INTO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

RELEASE OF CHOLESTEROL FROM LIVER BOOSTS ENERGY LEVELS AIDS MUSCLE FUNCTION
19-Apr-12

ENERGY MOBILISERS
NEGATIVE ASPECTS
IF NOT TRANSLATED INTO INSTANT ACTIONS

CARDIO VASCULAR DISORDER


HEART DISEASE STROKES

KIDNEY DAMAGE-HIGH BP
IF ALLOWED TO GO ON LEADS TO EXHAUTION

WEIGHT LOSS
EVENTUAL PHYSICAL COLLAPSE
19-Apr-12

A PARADOX
EVOLUTION COULD LIFE SAVING NOT KEEP PACE PHENOMENON WITH THE RAPIDLY CHANGING ENVIRONMENT DUE TO ENERGY MOBILISERS

LIFE THREATENING PHENOMENON


19-Apr-12

MANIFESTATION OF STRESS
1. PHYSICAL
HEADACHES NAUSEA DIARRHOEA DIFFICULTY IN FALLING ASLEEP DISTURBED SLEEP HYPERTENSION- HEART ATTACKS OBESITY INTESTINAL AILMENTS STROKES SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION

2.

MENTAL

FORGETFULNESS LACK OF CONC LACK OF COORD IRRATIONAL/RASH DM MAKING MISTAKES

19-Apr-12

GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME

RESISTANCE OR COPING

ALARM STAGE

RESISTANCE STAGE
TIME

EXHAUSTION STAGE

NORMAL LEVEL OF COPING

19-Apr-12

UNDERSTANDING STRESS
DISTRESS
STRESS OVERLOAD

STRESSORS VULNERABILITY

WEAKNESS

19-Apr-12

Is Stress always harmful?

19-Apr-12

STRESS & EFFICIENCY


YERKES-DODSON MODEL
DESIRABLE LEVEL ZONE OF BOREDOM ZONE OF DISTRESS

P E R F O R M A N C E

LOWER
19-Apr-12

OPTIMUM
STRESS LEVELS

HIGHER

INTERPRETATION OF YERKES DODSON MODEL

GOOD P E R F O R M A N C E
EFFECTIVE CREATIVE DECISIVE ALERT

OPTIMUM REDUCED EFFICIENCY REDUCED CREATIVITY LESS ALERT OVERLOAD INDECISIVE

STIMULATED
UNDER INVOLVED BORED FRUSTRATED

IRRITABLE ANXIOUS FATIGUED BURN OUT

POOR
19-Apr-12

LOW

DEMANDS

HIGH

POSITIVE EFFECTS OF STRESS


1. NEW SELF - UNDERSTANDING. THROUGH HIS EXPERIENCE IN A VERY DIFFICULT SITUATION, AN INDIVIDUAL MAY GET A CLEARER PICTURE OF HIS ASSETS, LIABILITIES AND ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL. 2. INCREASED COMPETENCIES. AFTER FAILING A TEST AN INDIVIDUAL MAY FIND MORE EFFECTIVE METHODS AND LEARN TO PUT MORE EFFORT INTO HIS WORK. 3. NEW APPROACHES TO PROBLEMS. IF HE ACKNOWLEDGES THAT PAST APPROACHES HAVE NOT WORKED WELL , AN INDIVIDUAL MAY FIND MORE EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES.

CONTD....

19-Apr-12

POSITIVE EFFECTS OF STRESS


....CONTD
4. MORE REALISTIC GOALS AND EXPECTATIONS. PRESISTENT FAILURE OR FRUSTRATION MAY LEAD AN INDIVIDUAL TO A MORE REALISTIC APPRAISAL OF THE ALTERNATIVES ACTUALLY OPEN TO HIM. 5. INCREASED STRESS TOLERANCE BY SOURCES. IN ADAPTING TO AND LIVING WITH DIFFICULT STRESS, AN INDIVIDUAL MAY INCREASE HIS ABILITY TO MEET STRESS - AS WELL AS HIS CONFIDENCE IN HIS ABILITY TO DO SO.

19-Apr-12

TYPE A PERSONALITY
1. OVERLY AGGRESSIVE, COMPETITIVE, AMBITIOUS. 2. TIME URGENCY - ACHIEVE TOO MUCH IN TOO LITTLE TIME. 3. DO MANY THINGS AT SAME TIME. 4. INSECURE ABOUT STATUS - TRY TO ACCOMPLISH MORE AND MORE. 5. IMPATIENT, ANNOYED, ANGRY.
19-Apr-12

PROFILES TYPES A & B PERSONALITIES


IS ALWAYS MOVING WALKS RAPIDLY EATS RAPIDLY TALKS RAPIDLY IS IMPATIENT DOES TWO THINGS AT ONCE CANT COPE WITH LEISURE TIME IS OBSESSED WITH NUMBERS MEASURES SUCCESS BY QUANTITY IS AGGRESSIVE IS COMPETITIVE CONSTANTLY FEELS UNDER TIME PRESSURE. 19-Apr-12

TYPE A

IS NOT CONCERNED ABOUT TIME IS PATIENT DOESNT BRAG PLAYS FOR FUN, NOT TO WIN RELAXES WITHOUT GUILT HAS NO PRESSING DEADLINES IS MILD MANNERED IS NEVER IN A HURRY

TYPE B

Stress Management

How to manage

How not to manage


19-Apr-12

HOW NOT TO MANAGE STRESS


QUICK FIXES

For normal social drinkers, alcohol induces relaxation and mild elation. For heavy drinkers it can produce anxiety, depression and disturbed sleep patterns
LASTING EFFECTS

19-Apr-12

Continued use of liquor can lead to heart, liver disease, brain dysfunction, cancer and permanently disordered sleep.

HOW NOT TO MANAGE STRESS


QUICK FIXES

The sugar content of chocolate produces a temporary rise in blood sugar, resulting in feelings of energy followed by a insuline backlash that causes lassitude, irritability and fatigue( also contains caffeine)
LASTING EFFECTS

Sugar contents may contribute to cavities, cause weight gain and help induce diabetes in susceptible people.
19-Apr-12

HOW NOT TO MANAGE STRESS


QUICK FIXES

Coffee

The

caffeine

in

coffee

improves

alertness, and enhances concentration and dexterity


LASTING EFFECTS

19-Apr-12

More than three cups a day may lead to irregular heartbeat, headache, muscle tension, irritability and Insomnia.

HOW NOT TO MANAGE STRESS


QUICK FIXES

In moderate amounts as a substitute


Tea

for coffee can be pleasant and can soothe digestion.


LASTING EFFECTS

19-Apr-12

Some herbal teas can cause unpredictable reactions . Sassafras tea has been banned by the U.S. government as a cancer causing agent.

HOW NOT TO MANAGE STRESS


QUICK FIXES

A traditional remedy for insomnia, warm milk contains the amino acid.
Milk LASTING EFFECTS

It has no lasting stress related effects.

19-Apr-12

HOW NOT TO MANAGE STRESS


QUICK FIXES

Nicotine in tobacco increases alertness, relieving anxiety and producing a feeling of energy.
LASTING EFFECTS

19-Apr-12

Prolonged use of tobacco impairs circulation and respiration . Increases the risk of cancer and cardiac disease .

HOW NOT TO MANAGE STRESS


QUICK FIXES

Pill

Tranquillizers : -Relieve anxiety, produce a feeling of relaxation and induce sleep. -Slow respiration and nervous system function. -Are extremely dangerous in large doses or in combination with alcohol and other drugs.
LASTING EFFECTS

19-Apr-12

Cause lethargy, aggravate insomnia, and cause nightmares; protracted use can lead to drug dependence, fatigue and feelings of depression.

REDESIGNING LIFE STYLE

19-Apr-12

A HOLISTIC MODEL OF LIFESTYLE

DER

Diet

Exercise

Relaxation

19-Apr-12

COPING STRATEGIES - BODY


EXERCISE THRICE A WEEK 30 min
SWEAT STRENGTHENING EXS

BALANCED DIET BFAST SLEEP 6 T0 8 HRS


REGULAR

SOCIAL ASPECTS
19-Apr-12

DEEP vs REM SLEEP


WORK - LIFE BALANCE NURTURING FRIENDSHIPS

COPING STRATEGIES - MIND


SELF CONCEPT
POSITIVE FORECAST

BEHAVIOURAL SELF CONTROL


RATIONAL vs EMOTIONAL SPIRALS

RELAXATION TECHNIQUES YOGA / MEDITATION


19-Apr-12

Non compi

SUDARSHANA KRIYA YOGA (SKY)


A Rhythmic Breathing Technique developed as a Stress Relief Tool Aimed at regulating breath to control emotions Research at AIIMS, Delhi and NIMHANS, Bangalore has established the efficacy of SKY in the treatment of Depression, Anxiety Disorder, Alcoholism and PTSD Widely used in India and the West in Prison Reform Programme Departmental Research in CH(AF) Bangalore on Anxiety Disorder Patients has produced very positive results Study on effects of SKY on Hypertensives sanctioned by AFMRC (to be conducted in collaboration with AOL) AF has recommended the technique for implementation in units as part of Suicide Prevention Initiative
19-Apr-12

BIBO BAD IDEAS IN BAD IDEAS OUT


19-Apr-12

GIGO GOOD IDEAS IN GOOD IDEAS OUT

THANK YOU

19-Apr-12

Você também pode gostar