67654-NilssonSM Ch09

-----......
-9
Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis
Assessment Problems
AP 9.1 [a] V = 170[-40° V
{b] lOsin(lOOOt
..
+ 20°)
= lOeos(lOOOt - 70°)
1= 10[-70° A
[e] 1= 5[36.87°
[d]
+ 10[-53.13° = 4 + j3 + 6 - j8 = 10 - j5 = 11.18[-26.5~ sin(20,0001Tt + 30°) = eos(20,0001Tt - 60°)

Thus, V = 300[45° - 100[-60°
= 162.13 = 212.13
+ j212.13
° mV
- (50 - j86.60)
+ j298.73 = 339.90[61.51
AP 9.2 [a]
'lJ
18.6 eos(wt - 54°) V
[b] 1= 20/45° - 50L - 30° = 14.14

= -29.16
+ j14.14
- 43.3
+ j25
+ j39.14
= 48.81/126.68°
Therefore
i = 48.81 eos(wt
+ 126.68°)
rnA
[e] V
20
+ j80
- 30/15° = 20 + j80 - 28.98 - j7.76

= 72.79/97.08°
= -8.98
'lJ
+ j72.24
= 72.79cos(wt
+ 97.08°)
n
AP 9.3 [a] wL = (104)(20 x 10-3) = 200
n
9-1
[b] ZL = jwL
= j200
9-2
CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis
[cJ V L
[d)
= IZL = (1O/300)(200L900)X VL = 2 cos(lO,OOOt + 120°) V

=
10-3
= 2i120° V
AP 9.4 [a] Xc
-1 -1 wC = 4000(5 x 10-6) = -50n
[b] Zc = jXc = -j500 [c] I = ~ = 30L25° = 0.6L115°A

ZC 50L-90° --
AP 9.5
+ 115°) A II = 100L25° = 90.63 + j42.26

[d] i = 0.6 cos(4000t
12 = 100/145°
= -81.92 + j57.36
therefore °
i4 = 0 A
13 = 100/-95° = -8.71 - j99.62

14 = -(11
+ 12 + 13) = (0 + jO) A,
AP 9.6 [a] 1=
125L-60°
IZI~
IZI/( -60
-1050
125
- (Jz)
But -60 -
(}z =
Z = 90+ j160+ jXc ., Xc
= -70
n;
1 Xc = - wC = -70
1 C = (70)(5000) = 2.86 J.tF [b] 1= Vs = 125~

Z (90+j90)
= 0.982L-105° k
III = 0.982 A
AP 9.7 [a]
200
+---....JW\,.----ll •y
50
25,uF
5mH
w = 2000rad/s
wL = lOn, . Zxy = 201110 J

=4
-1
wC
-20n
J
20(j10) + 5 + J'20 = (20 + jlO) + 5 j20 = (9 - j12) 0
'20
+ j8 + 5 -
Problems [b] wL = 40n,

Z
9-3
-=-5n
we
-1
xy
= 5 - )'5 + 2011)'40 5 - )'5 + [(20)(j40)] =

20 + j40
=
5 - j5
+ 16 + j8 + +
(
(21 + j3)
6
20(jwL) [c] Z xy - [ 20 + jwL ] 20w2 L2 - 400 + w2 L2
jl0 ) 5 - 25w jl06 + 5 - 25w
j400wL 400 + w2 L2
The impedance will be purely resistive when the j terms cancel, .i.e.,
400wL 106 400 + w2 L2 25w
Solving for w yields w = 4000rad/s.

20w2L2 [d] Zxy = 400 + w2 L2
+ 5 = 10 + 5 = 15n
AP 9.8 The frequency 4000 roo Is was found to give Zxy = 15n in Assessment Problem 9.7. Thus,
v = 15011_, 0°
Is = V = 150i!r = 10LOo A Zxy 15 -
Using current division,
it. = 7.07 cos( 4000t - 45°) A,
t; = 7.07 A
AP 9.9 After' replacing the delta made up of the 50n, 40n, and IOn resistors with its equivalent wye, the circuit becomes
140
136iJ :
C200 40
9-4

The circuit is further simplified by combining the parallel branches, (20
+ j40) II (5 1=
j15) = (12 - j16) n

136~ = 4/28.07° A 14+ 12 - j16 +4 144
Therefore AP 9.10
VI V2 jwL
1
= 240153.13° =
+ j192
V
= 96/-90° = -j96
. j(4000)(15 x 10-3) = j60n
. 6 X 106 . jWC = =) (4000)(25) = -]60n Perform a source transformation:
_V_I = 144 + j192 = 3.2 _ ·2.4A j60 j60 ]

V2 .96 . = =r:» = '-]4.8 A 20 20
Combine the parallel impedances:
y_ 1 1 1 1 _ j5 _ 1 - j60 + 30 + -j60 + 20 - j60 - 12

Z = _!_ = 12n y +
V, = 12(3.2
Vo
+ j2.4)
= 38.4
+ j28.8
V
V = 48/36.87° V
= 48 cos( 4000t
+ 36.87°)
Problems
9--5
AP 9.11 Use the lower node as the reference node. Let VI = node voltage across the 20 n resistor and V Th = node voltage across the capacitor. Writing the node voltage equations gives us VI _ 2L450 20 -
VI - lOIx = 0 jlO
and
Th
= 10 _ jlO 1
-jl0
(01)
We also have
Solving these equations for V Th gives V Tb = 10L45°V. To find the Thevenin impedance, we remove the independent current source and apply a test voltage source at the terminals a, h. Thus
j100 100
J: ~
T
200
-j100
It follows from the circuit that 10Ix
= (20 + jlO)Ix
VT VT
10
Therefore Ix = 0 and VT
IT
-jl0
+
ZTh
ZTh = IT'
therefore
= (5 -
j5)
AP 9.12 The phasor domain circuit is as shown in the following diagram:

200
loi2_°AJ +
50
~ -j(20!9)O
! j50
. -
",.
9-6
CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis The node voltage equation is -1 V V 0+ 5 + -j(20/9) V V V - 100L -90° _ + j5 + 20 -0
j30
Therefore Therefore
= 10 -
= 31.62L-71.57°
v = 31.62 cos(50,000t - 71.57°) V
AP 9.13 Let lal Ibl and L, be the three clockwise mesh currents going from left to right. Summing the voltages around meshes a and b gives 33.S = (1 + j2)Ia + (3 - j5)(Ia - Ib) and
But
therefore
Ie = -0.75[-j5(la
- Ib)].
Solving for I = la = 29 + j2 = 29.07L3.95° A. AP 9.14 [a] M = OAvO.0625 = 0.1 H,

wM = SO[2
[2
Z22 = 40 + jSOO(0.125)+ 360 + jSOO(0.25) = (400 + j300) Therefore ZT = (5~~)
IZ221 = 5000,
2
Z;2 = (400 - j300)

[2
(400 - j300) = (10.24 - j7.68)
245.20 [b] I 1 = 184 + 100 + j400
+ ZT
= O.
50L
53
°A .13
i1 = 0.5 cos (800t - 53.13°) A
[c] 12 = (j~:)
11 = 500~:~.870(0.5/ - 53.13°) = 0.08Loo A
i2 = SOcos SOOt A m
Problems
AP 9.15
9-7
11 = Zl
+ 282 Z2
Vs
1500
+ j6000 + (25)2(4
25
103LO°
- j14.4)
= 4 + j3 = 5L36.87° A
VI
= Vs -
Zill
= 25,000LO° j28,500
(4 + j3)(1500 + j6000)
= 37,000 -
V2 = - 2 5 = -1480 VI
+ j1140
= 1868.15/142.39° V
12 = V2 = 1868.15/142.39°
Z2
4-
j14.4
= 125/216.87° A
9-8
Problems
P 9.1
[aJ w [bJ T
= 271" = 24071" f rad/s, = 1/ f = 8.33ms
=-
271"
= 120Hz
[c] Vm = 100V
[d) v(O) = 100cos(45°) [e) 4> = 45°; 4> =
= 70.71 V
45° (271" 71" ) = - = 0 .7854 rad 360° 4 [fJ V = 0 when 24071"t + 45° = 90°, Now resolve the units: (24071"ad/s)t r
=
45° 57.30/rad
"4 rad,
180°
71"
t = 1.042 ms
[g) (dv / dt) = (-100)24071" sin(24071"t+ 45°)

(dv/dt) or
when
2401rt
+ 45° =
135° 371" 24071"t = 57. 3o / ra d = -4 rad

t = 3.125 ms
Therefore P 9.2
BOcos(wt+30)
60cos(wt-30) BOcos(wt-BO)
time (s)
[aJ Left as 4> becomes more positive [b] Right

P 9.3
[a] T = 1250
2 6
+ 250
6
= 250 us:
t-: ,
T = 500MS
T = 500 = 2000Hz
106
Problems [b] v = Vm sin(wt w
9-9
+ 0)
10-6 )
= 211" = 400011"rad/s f
X
-250 400011" -6(

V
+ 0 = 0;
o = ~ Tad = 30°
6
= Vm sin[40001l"t
+ 30°]
Vm = 150V
150 sin [40001rt + 30°] = 150 cos [40001l"t - 60°] V
P 9.4
[a] By hypothesis
i = lOcos(wt
+ 0) + 0)
w = 200011"ad/ s r
T=
1 7 = 1 ms = 1000 J1S =
~~ -10wsin(wt =
.'.
lOw = 20,00011";
w [b] f = - = 1000 Hz; 211" 150 3 1000 = 20'
0= -90 - ~(360)
20
-144°
.'. i = 10 cos(20001l"t - 144°) A P 9.5
raj 170 V [b] 211" = 12011"; f
60Hz
[c] w = 12011" 376.99 rad/s = -11" -11" [d] O(rad) = 180 (60) = --:3 = -1.05 rad [e] 0 = -60° [f] T= - = - = 1667ms f 60 . 11" [g] 1201l"t - 3" = 0; .'. t [h]
V
360 = 2.78ms
= =
170 cos [12011"
(t+ 0.~:5) - i]
170 cos [1201l"t + (1511"/18)- (11"/3)]
= 170cos[1201l"t
=
+ (11"/2)]
-170 sin 1201ft V
9-10
[i] 1201r(t - to) - (7r/3)

7r 1207rt =-' o 6'
1207rt - (7r/2)
25 to = 18 ms
P 9.6
U=
r: V;,
to . to
2
25 to = gms
V~ cos2(wt
+ ¢) dt
to
+T1
1 -2 + - cos(2wt 2
. = v:: { .1;;+T dt + ~n
t:'
to
+ 2¢) dt
cos(2wt
+ 2¢) dt
}
+ 2</»]}
= ~~
{T + 2~ [sin(2wt + 2¢) I~:+T]} V2{ T + -2w [sin(2wto + 47r + 2¢) 1 =~ 2 V2 (T) + _!_(O) V:2(T) 2 2w 2
m
sin(2wto
P 9.7 P 9.8
Vm = hVrms = h(120)
=
27r
169.71 V
Vrms=
T.o
iT/2
T
V~ sin2 -T t dt
loom
T/2 v:
sin2
(27r ) -t dt = ~
V2loT /2 ( 1 20
=
47r ) cos -t dt =
....I!!:_
V2 T
4
C Th ererore
Vrms=
VIT 4~~T
Vm 2
P 9.9
[a] The numerical values of the terms in Eq. 9.8 are Vm = 100, R/ L = 533.33,
wL=30
f)
= tan-130/40,
f)
= 36.87°
0 )]
i = [_1.84e-533.33t
+ 2 cos( 400t + 23.13
A,
>0
[b] Transient component = _1.84e-533.33t A Steady-state component = 2 cos (400t + 23.13°) A [c] By direct substitution into Eq 9.9, i(1.875 ms) = 133.61 rnA
Problems
[d] 2A, 400rad/s, 23.13°
9-11
[e] The current lags the voltage by 36.87°.

P 9.10 [a] From Eq. 9.9 we have Ldi dt
=
VmRcos(¢-B)e_(R/L)f_ V R2 + w2L2
wLVmsin(wf+¢-B) V R2 + w2L2
Ri = -VmRcos(¢ - ())e-(R/L)t V R2 + w2L2 L di dt

But
+ VmRcos(wt + ¢ V R2 + w2L2
B) - wL sin(wt VR2 +w2L2 .
()) B)]
Ri = v: [R cos(wt
m
+¢-
+¢-
V R2+W
Vm cos(wt
= cos Band
-;::::=;:<==~
wL VR2 +w2L2
sm B
Therefore the right-hand
side reduces to
+ ¢)
At t = 0, Eq. 9.9 reduces to
.() - Vm cos ( ¢ - ()) Vrn COS ( ¢ - B) ~0 = + VR2 + w2L2 =0 VR2 - w2L2 [b) iss = VR2"'; w2L2 cos(wt + ¢ - ())
Therefore
iss -wLVm. Ld = sm (wt+'f'-A.. dt VR2 +w2L2

and
B)
Riss = L diss dt
V R 2VmR2L2 +w
Ri ss
=
=
cos wt
+¢-
B)
v:
m
[RCOS(wt
+¢-
V R2 + w2 L2
48.48°
B) - wLsin(wt
+¢-
B)]
Vmcos(wt+¢)
60°
P 9.11
[a] Y y
100L45°
+ 500L -
= 483.86L -
= 483.86 cos(300t - 48.48°) [b] Y = 250L30° - 150L50° = 120.51L4.8°

Y = 120.51 cos(377t
+ 4.8°)
9-12

[c] Y
= 60/60°
- 120/ - 215°
+ 100/90° = 152.88/32.94°
y=
152.88 cos(lOOt
+ 32.94°)
[d] Y = 100/40° + 100/160° + 100/ - 80° = 0
y=o
P 9.12
[a] 50Hz [b] Ov = 0°

1= 3~0L[:_ = 340/_ JwL wL 90° = 8.5/ _ 90°;
[c] wL
340
= 8.5;
wL = 40n
40 400 =mH = 127.32mH 1 1f 1f [e) ZL = jwL = j40n
[d] L = -00
P 9.13
[a] w
= 21f1
= 8071" x
103 = 251.33krad/s
= 251,327.41rad/s
[b) 1= 2.5
X ~0-3 L[:_ = jwC(2.5 l/.JwC
x 10-3)/0° = 2.5 x 1O-3wC /90° -
[c] 125.66
1
10-6
= 2.5 X
10-3 wC
2.5 X 10-3 _ w-C-= 125.66 X 10-6 - 19.89

1 1
..
Xc = -19.89n
[d] C = 19.89(w) - (19.89)(801f x 103)

C = 0.2
X
10-6 = 0.2 f-lF
[e]
P 9.14
z;
=j =
(:~) = -j19.89
n
- 52°
raj Vg
150/20°;
r, = 30/
n
.'. Z = ~ g = 5/72°
g
[b]
ig
lags
Vg
by 72°:
271" I = 800071";
.
'tg
I = 4000 Hz;
T = 1/1 = 250f-ls
72 lags "a by 360 (250) = 50 f-lS
Problems P 9.15 [a] jwL

1
9-13
= j(5
x 104)(40 x 10-6) = j2 106

X
jWC = -j 5
104 = -j20!1;
r, = 20/-20°
200
j20
[b]
v, = 20/-20° z.
Ze = Ye;
1
Ye
20
1.
+ J 20 + 1+ j2
Ye
0.05 + jO.05 + 0.20 - j0.40 = 0.25 - jO.35 S
z, = 0.25 ~ jO.35 = 2.32/54.46° n
v, = (20/-20°
[c] P 9.16
[a]
Vo
)(2.32/54.46°) = 46.4/34.46° V
= 46.4cos(5
x 104t + 34.46°) V
~--~~~--~~--~I
4000 j7000
500
AD" v6._1
_-7_ _r
--'J
-j 40 DO
[b] 1= 400 + j70O= j400 = 1/23.13° A
500/60°
[c] i = 1 cos(8000t
P 9.17
+ 23.13°) A
1
[a] Zl
u. - j w C1
R2/ jwC2 R2 + (ljjwC2) _ R2 _ R2 - jWR~C2 1 + jwR2C2 1 + w2R~Ci and
Z2 =
1 +w2R2C2 =
w 2R2G 2 2
9-14
[b] Rl
= 1 + (64 x
(64 x
500 108)(25 x 104)(625 x 10-18) x 104)(25 x 10-9)

2
=
= 250 n
C1 = P 9.18 [a] 12 =
~2
108)(25
50nF
+ jwC2
Therefore
Yi
12
when
[b] R = 1 + (4 x 10 )(4 x 10 )(2500 x 102 (4 x 108)(2 x 103)(2500 x 10-18) C2 = 50 P 9.19

X
18
= 2500 = 2.5kn
10- = 10nF
[aJ Zl
R1
+ jwLl
2 Z2 = R2(jwL2) _ w L~R2 + jWL2R~ R2 + jwL2 RJ +w2L~
[b] R
1
25
(4 x 10 )(6.25)(5 x 1at)
X
108 + (4 x 108)(6.25)
= 2.5 x
104
:.
R1 = 25kn
8
L = (25 x 10 )2.5 = 1.25 H

1
50 X 108
Therefore
12 = Yi
when
Problems [b] R 2 = 25
X
9-15
10
+ 108(0.25)
103
= 10
10
.'. R2 = lOkO L2 =
P 9.2 1 [] a 50 X 106 108(0.5)
1H
y_
1 - 4 _ j3
1 16 + j12
1 -j100
= 0.16 = 0.2
+ jO.12 + 0.04
- jO.03
+ jO.01
+ jO.1
= 223.6L26.57° mS
[b] G - 200mS [c] B = lOOmS [d] 1= 50LOo A, I

=
v = _!_ y
50 0.223126.57°
=
= 223.61/-26.57°
Zc
223.6L-26.57° 100L-900
2.24j63.43° A
ic P 9.22 [a]
= 2.24cos(wt + 63.43°)
. = J5w
= j5w
A,
L; = 2.24A
Zab
(4000)(109 fjw625) 4000 + (109fj625w) 4 1012 105jw + 109

X
+ 25 X
= j5w +
= j5w
4 X 107 104 + j25w 108 +

4
X
1011 625w2
100 X 107w j 108 + 625w2
5=----:8
5
W X
109 10 + 625w2
= 109
108
X
+ 3125w2
=4
102 = 400rad/s
J
(b] Z P 9.23
(400) = '2000
ab
+ (4000)(-.14000)
4000 - j4000
= 2kO
Zl = 10 - j400 Z = (5 - jlO)(10 + j30) = 10 _ '10n 2 15 + j20 J
9-16
z=
3
20 + j20
20(j20)
10
+J
'10 n
:. P 9.24
Zab = Z1 + Z2 + Z3
= 30 -
j40n
= 50L -
53.13° n
First find the admittance of the parallel branches
1; = 6 ~ j2 + 4 +lj12 + ~ + j~O
0.375 - jO.125S
Zp = ~ = 0.375 ~ jO.125 = 2.4 + jO.8 n
Zab = -j12.8
+ 2.4 + jO.8 + 13.6 = 16 - j12 16 ~ j12 = 0.04 + jO.03 S
Yab
lb
= 40 + j30mS = 50/36.87°mS P 9.25 Z = 400 + J(5)(40) - J (5)(0.4) = 500[ - 36.87° n 750L!L_ X 10-3
. 1000
10 = 500! _ 36.870
io(t)
P 9.26
1.5[36.87 rnA
1.5 cos(5000t + 36.87°) mA Ig = 100L - 8.13° mA 36.87° n 2.5

=
Vg = 50L - 45° V; Z=
~g
= 500L -
400 - j300
Z = 400+ j ( 0.04w 6
106)
0.04w _ 2.5 x 10 = -300 w w2 + 7500w - 62.5 x 106 = 0
w = -3750 ± /(3750)2 + 62.5

w > 0, :. w = 5000rad/s
106 = -3750 ± 8750
Problems
9-17
P 9.27
ZL = j(5000) (48 x 10-3) =j240n
Zc = (5000)(2~; x 10-6) = -j80n Construct the phasor domain equivalent circuit: +

Va
O.2~a
1,----
2400
800
___.___I -j80 ----,0
~ j2400
Using current division:
1=
Vo
(80 + j240) (02) = 0 1 '0 A 240 - j80 + 80 + j240' . + J .1
= 2401 = 24 + j24
= 33.94L45°
»: = 33.94cos(5000t + 45°) Y
P 9.28
jwC
10 "40000 (31.25)(8000) - -J = j40000
jwL = j8000(500)10-3 Vg = 64Looy
F~g
64,&'°v6 ;
0'
-j40000
20000
~ j40000
Z = (2000)(j4000) = 1600 '800 e 2000 + j4000 +J
ZT = 1600 + j800 - j4000 = 1600- j3200 n
9-18
CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis 64/0° . Ig = 1600 --:;3200 = 8 + J16rnA

V, = Zelg = (1600 + j800) (0.008 + jO.016) = j32 = 32L90°V
Va
32 cos(8000t
+ 90°) V
250 +
1200
Va be ~ -j800
P 9.29
[a]
..
r
=
j400
.t
4- (40+j80)mA
40dmA
V, = (120 + j40) (0.04i!L) I = 4.8 + j1.6 b 160 _ j80

L, = 40/0° Vg
= 4.8 + j1.6
20
+J
'20rnA
+ (20 + j20) + (40 + j80) rnA = 100 + j100rnA

= 7.3 + j4.1 V
= 251e + V, = 25(0.100 + jO.100) + 4.8 + j1.6 + 45°) rnA
[b) ib
= 28.28 cos(800t + 45°) rnA + 29.32°) V

=
ie = 141.42 cos (800t "o = 8.37 cos{800t
. P 9.30
109 [a] jWC = j8 x 105(125)
-jlOn
jwL = j8 x 105(25 x 10-6) = j20n
= (-jlO)(20) = 4 - '8n
e
20 _ jlO
.1
Ig = 5iO°
Vg
= IgZe = 5(4 -
j8)
= 20 -
j40V
Problems
9-19
6
4
40
-j80
120
'M~---l'~--WV----'
j200
v
Vo
= (20 o
(16
j40) (j20) + j12)
= 44 -
J'S = 44 72 j
10.30° V
= 44.72 cos(S
x 105t - 10.30°) V
I= 4x 105
Jr
T=
7=4
Jr
105 = 2.5Jr /1,8
10.30
Vo
360 (2.5Jr) = 224.S2ns

lags ig by 224.S2 ns
P 9.31
Is = 15LO°mA
1
jwC
10 '2500° jO.05(SOOO) - -J H
jwL = jSOOO(1.25) = jlO,OOO 0

After two source transformations we have
cb
15kOll30kO
15kO
_.:-j2.5kO
+
30kO
jl0kO
= 10kO
Yo
---:to +
104
10~3
-j2500
+ jl04
= 1O~4(1 +
j3)
Zo = 1+ j3 = (1 - j3) kn
Vo = IgZo = (10)(1 - j3) = 10 - j30 = 31.62L - 71.57° V
Va
= 31.62 cos(SOOOt- 71.57°) V
9-20
P 9.32
+
Vd
Id
~ -j5 0 __ :lb j50
+
j20
Va lIa
60/!tV
+ -
+
Vz
V b Vc
60
lIc
-j80
V, = j2Ia = j2( -j5)
1OLoo V
V, = 60Loo - V, = 50LO°V I
6 _ j8
Ve
10L _ 53.130
50i!r_
= o zoo. 13° = 3 + )'4A l':/l':3

=3
Ib = L, - Ia = 3 + j4 - (-j5) Vb
+ j9
A = 9.49L71.57° A V
= Ib(j5) =
(3 + j9)(j5)
= -45
+ j15
Vd = 60 - 5 - j15 = 55 - j15V
I, = Id - Ib
= 3 + j11)2
3 - j9 = j2A
z = Vz = 5 +.j15 = 7.5 _ j2.50

r,
P 9.33
V2 is the voltage across the -j100
impedance.
(40 + j30) - (100 - j50) 20
40 + j30 j5
(40 + j30) - V2
Z
Problems .'. V2 = 40+ j30+ (3 - j4)Z
9-21
V2
(40 + j30) Z
+ -jlO
V2
(20
+J
'30)
V2
(100 - j50) = 0 3+jl
Substituting the expression for V 2 found at the start and simplifying yields Z = 12 + j160 P 9.34 Simplify the top triangle using series and parallel combinations:
(1
+ jl)lI(l-
jl) = 10
Convert the lower left delta to a wye:

""-----l~---=
-jl0
Z
1
1 =
+ jl-
(jl)(l)
j1
='10
z
2
(-j1)(I) =-'10 1 + j1- j1 J
z
3
= (j1)( -jl)
1
+ j1 -
j1
10
Convert the lower right delta to a wye:
jlQ Z4
(-j1)(1) =-'10 1 + j1- j1 J
Z5 = (-j1)(j1) = 10 1 + jl- j1
Z, =
6
1+j1-j1
(j1)(1)
='10 J
9-22
OHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis The resulting circuit is shown below:
1Q
• b
Simplify the middle portion of the circuit by making series and parallel combinations: (1 + jl- jl)II(1
Zab
+ 1) = 1112 2/30 =
=
= -jl
+ 2/3 + jl
2/30 x 1O-3w 10- w

3
P 9.35
[a] Yp = 10: j2w 10 - j2w o 2 10 +4w
+ j4
+ j4 x
----
Yp is real when
-3 2w 4 x 10 w = 100 + 4w2
100+4w2
10
100 + 4w2
j2w
+ )4 x
10- w
or
w2 = 100;
w = 10 rad/s;
5/7r = 1.59Hz
10 [b] Yp(10rad/s) = 500 = 20mS Zp(lOrad/s) = Z(lOrad/s) I

o
20 = 500
103
= 50 + 150 = 2000
Vg A= 10Loo= 5010° A 200 200 [_m
io = 50 cos 10tmA
Problems P 9.36
9--23
[a] Z = 4000 _ . 10
g
J 25w
9
+ + +
104 + j2w
2 4
X
10 (j2w)
4
4000 _ . 10 .7 25w
10 jw(10
108 + 4w2
j2w)
109
= 4000 - j 25w
104w2 108 4w2

X
+j
2X 108
+ 4w2
108w
-=----8
25w
109
0.2
109w
10
+ 4w2
108 + 4w2 = 5w2

w = 10,OOOrad/s
[b] When w = 10,000 rad/s Zg = 4000

.
4 x 104(104)2 108 + 4(104)2 = 12,000

°
... Ig = 12000 = 3.75LQ_mA ,
45Loo
Zl = 4000 - j V,
109 0 = 4000 - j4000 25 xl. 4
= 45Loo = 30
(3.75 x 10-3)(4000 - j4000) = 45 - (15 - j15)

= 33.54L26.5T
+ j15
V V
Va
= 33.54 cos (lO,OOOt+ 26.5'r)

5000
P 9.37
[a] Yi
= 0.2
1
x 10
-3
12=---1200+
jO.2w
1200 = 1.44 x 106 + 0.04w2
. J 1.44
106 + 0.04w2
0.2w
13 = jw50
YT = Yi
For ig and
-9
10-9
+ 12 1'3 +
Va
to be in phase the j component 1.44

X
of YT must he zero; thus,
w50
x 10
0.2w 106 + 0.04w2
9-24

or 0.04w2 .'.
[]
+ 1.44 X
-3
106 =
0.2
109
.'.
50
=4
106
Skrad/s
-3
0.04w2
= 2.56 X 106
= 8000rad/s =
X
b YT = 0.2 x 10
+ 1.44 X
1200 106 + 0.04(64)
106 = 0.5 x 10
.'. ZT = 20000
Vo = (2.5
Vo X
10-3 LoO) (2000) = 5LOo
5 cos 8000t V
R
P 9.38
[a]
z, = R +~~~WC)
-
R
l+jwRC
1 + j(1000)(12,500)C
12,500
- 1 + j12.5
12,500
X
106C
12,500(1 - j12.5 x 106C) 1 + 156.25 X 1012C2

-
12,500 = 1 + 156.25 X 1012C2

jwL
156.25 x 109C J 1 + 156.25 X 1012C2
= j1000(5) = j5000
156.25 x 109C 5000 = 1 + 156.25 X 1012C2 781.25 X 1015C2 C2
-
156.25 X 109C + 5000 = 0

X
20 X 1O-8C + 64
10-16 = 0
-
C1,2 = 10 X 10-8 ± \1100 x 10-16
64 X 10-16
C1 = 10 X 10-8 C2 = 10 X 10-8
[b) R _
+6 X
-
10-8 = 16 X 10-8 = 0.16p,F 10-8 = 4

X
10-8 = 0.04p,F
12,500 e - 1 + 156.25 X 1012C2 When C = 160nF R; = 25000;

I9 = 250i!r 2500
= 0.110° A·, L_·
ig = 100 cos 1000trnA
When C = 40 nF
I
9
u; = 10,0000;
ig
250i!r = 0.025/L_ A· 0° 10000 , ,
= 25 cos 1000t rnA
Problems
9~25
P 9.39
109 [a] Zl = 1600 - j 104(62.5) = 1600 - j1600

Z _ 4000(j104L) 1 - 4000 + j104L ZT = Z1
_ 4 x 105L2 + j16 x 104L 16 + 100L2 105L2 16 + 100L2 - j1600 4

X
+ Z2 = 1600 +
16 x 104L + j 16 + 100L2
ZT is resistive when
16 x 104L 16 + 100L2 = 1600

L2 - L
or
+ 0.16 = 0
= 0.8 H
and L2
5
Solving, L1
= 0.2 H.
[b] When L = 0.8 H:

Z = 1600
T
4 x 10 (0.64) = 4800 n + 16 + 64
X
I=
9
96Loo
4.8
10-3
= 20Loo rnA
-
ig
= 20 cos 10,000trnA When L = 0.2 H:

Z
T
1600
4 x lOS(0.04) = 2400 n 16 +4
ig = 40 cos 1O,000trnA P 9.40 Step 1 to Step 2:
75Loo
j18
-)"4.167
4.167L - 90° A
Step 2 to Step 3:
(j18)1124= (j18)(24) = 8.64 + j11.52

24+ j18 Step 3 to Step 4:
(4.167/- 90°)(8.64
+ jl1.52)
60/- 36.87° V
9-26
step 1 -j220 75£!t'V

j 40.0 "'___-'-2-4- -e a 0 b step 4 8.640 j11.520 step 2
L----_--L-
step 3
P 9.41 Step 1 to Step 2:

(16/0°)(25) = 400/0° V
Step 2 to Step 3:
25
15 + j30 = (40
+ j30) n
Step 3 to Step 4:
400L!r_ (40 + j30)
= 8/
- 36.87° A
Step 4 to Step 5:
(40
+ J·3011- J·50 =
(- ·50)(40 + ·30) J .1 = 50 - j25 40 + j30 - j50
step 1
250
-j50.0
step 3 40.0i!tv
L_----~-----.·b
step 5
step 4 j50.0 j30.0 -j50.0 40.0
Problems P 9.42 [a] jwL

1 jwC
9-27
= j(5000)
=
.
=)
(50) x 10-3
1
= j2500
(5000)(400 x 10-9) = -)5000

j2500
~--~~~'~~~'~~----~--------~-------.a
2500 22.36il_6.565°
V
....-j5000
1
=
j 25o(l
~------------~--------~-------.b
Using voltage division,
V
ab VTh
j250
Vab
(250 + j250) II( - j500) (23.36/26.565°) = 20LOo + (250 + j250) II( -j500) = 20/0° V
[b] Remove the voltage source and combine impedances in parallel to find ZTh = Zab:
y; _
ab -
j250
+ 250 + j250 + -j500

y; = 100 + )2000
ab
_2
-
-)
.4 mS
ZTh
= Zab =
[c]
20fstv
9-28
P 9.43
j120 120~
a
a 120
~ov
120 120 ~
:Ib
-j120
L-----------~------.b
(27
+ j12)la + (27 -
- 31b = -87 /0° j12)lb = 87/0°
-31a
Solving, I, = -2.4167
+ j1.21;
Ib = 2.4167
+ j1.21
VTh = 121a + (12 - j12)lb = 14.5/0° V
Short Circuit Test:

j120 120~
. a
120
120
(27
+ j12)la + (27 -
- 31b - 121sc = -87 j12)Ib - (12 - j12)lsc = 87
-31a
-12Ia - (12 - j12)Ib Solving,
+ (24 -
j12)Isc = 0
Problems
Z
9-29
Th
VTh Isc
14.5Ar_ = 45f) 1LOo 1. H

for ZTh:
....
Alternate
calculation
'----t----
j120
LZ
Z_
1-
12 + 3 + 12 - j12
= 27 -
j12
36
27 - j12
- 9 -j4
12
12 - j12 36 - j36 Z2 = 27 - j12 - 9 -j4
Z3
12(12 - j12) = 48 - j48 27 - j12 9 - j4
'---_,_---_e a
j120
'-----------e
Za = 12 + J 12 + 9 _ j4 Z
b
12
12(14 + j5) 9 _ j4
= 12
12 - j12 _ 12(10 - j5) 9 - j4 9 - j4
9-30
Z
a
liZ +
= 165 - j20
18 _ j8
Z
3
Z
a
liZ =
b
48 - j48 9 _ j4
165 - j20 18 - j8
= 145
.
P 9.44 +
jl000
+
~-j 1000
O.1~
+ 11300
= 0.3~~ 60°
+ (-31210°)
0.31 - 60° - 0.11120° = 11300 + 3/2100 ZN --Z

N
0.31 - 60° - 0.1i120° 1/~300+ 3/2100
= 0.2190°
rnA
= ·0.2kn
= 0.1~
0.21900
+ 1130° = 1.5/30° --+
1.5b._0
rnA
Problems
9-31
P 9.45 JwL = j1.6 x 106(25 x 10-6) 1

jWC -
= j40n
10-6
109
= -j25
j1.6(25)
j40 (1
-4) I
~ -j25
(1
25 (1
V T = j40IT
+ 15ID,+ 251D,
ID, = IT( - j25) = - jIT 25 - j25 1 - j1
TTl
= )'401
+ 40 (-jIT)
= j40
3
_ j1
~; = Zab
P 9.46 _1_
wCI
+ 20( -j)(l
9 )
+ j) = 20 + j20 n
= 28.28/45° n
= =
(10- )(10
25(10/3)
12kn
_1_
wC2
(10-3)(109)
25(5/3)
____::zIT
__...L__---jI~
24kn
lk
"J\h_
19 IT __"'---< ~
-j24kO
+
VT
-j12kO
I
20I;Y
O.125kO
'l47k!1
I
V T = (1 - j12)IT
ZTh = ~;
+ 20IT(0.125)
j12kn
= 3.5 -
9-32
P 9.47

Short circuit current
zux
10
-j20
I{3= 2Ij3 -j2
The Norton impedance is the same as the Thevenin impedance. Find it using a test source
:I ~
T
+ v
T
z'
'lh
= VT =
IT
[(1 - j2)/l]If3
6000
(-2-j2)Ij3
= -2-j2
j1500
1 _ .)2
=04.
·1.20 J
P 9.48
-j1500
il
I :0
400
~--------------4---------~-- b __
VI - 75 0.02VI(40) 150(4 + j1) - 40 - j150
VI _0 40 - j150 -
Problems
9-33
v _ 75(4 1-
j15) 16 - j12 75(4 - j15) 16 - j12
v_
Th -
40V1 4 40 - j150 - 4 - j15 75. = 15L36.870 V 4- J3 1 8 120 Lon 36.87 = 96
75 Is<;=-=-A 600 Z Th
= VTh = -1Be
+ j72
~£
960 ~a
j720
dllSh6.S7"V
L..I •
P 9.49
10000
-j2500
~------~--------~----~--_.b
Solving, V2 = -1- jO.75 V = 1.25L216.87°V
Ise = -14> =
Z
=
-25Loo ° = -25Lo rnA 1000 -
Th
1.25L216.87° = 50L36.87° -25 x 10-3 Loo
n = 40 + J·30 n
IN = Isc = -25LO° rnA
9~34
P 9.50
(a]
jl0Q
be-----~--------~ I _ VT
T-
10
=
VT
aVT/10 j10 a/10) = (10 - a)
_!!.
VT .
_!:_
10
+ (1 _
+ j10
jlO
j100
_ VT
Th -
1000 + j100(1O - a) IT (10 - a)2 + 100
ZTh
is real when a = 10. 1000

n
[b] [c]
ZTh ZTh
= 100 = 10,H =5
+ j5
(10 - a)2 = 100 a = 10 =f 10
1000 = 5' (10 - a)2 + 100 ' :. 10 - a = ±1O;
a=O;
a=20
But the j term can only equal the real term with a = O. Thus, a = O. [d]
ZTh
will be inductive when a < 10.
Problems P 9.51
j400 + j200
9--35
Solving for VI yields VI = 30 - j40V
v, =
60 :~20(j20)
(3 ~ j) VI
Vo = 15 + j5 V = 15.S1L1S.43° V
P 9.52
jwL = j(5000)(OA
x 10-3) = j2 0
106 jWC = -j (5000)(50) = -j40 1

VgI
10/53.13° = 6 + jS V
Vg2 = S[-90° = -jSV
j20
V - 6 - )'S V o +~+ j2 6 Solving,
+ (-J'S) =0
-j4
.
vo(t)
= 12cos 5000t V
9-36 P 9.53

jwL = j104(1.2
6
x 10-3)
= j12 n
1 -j10 = _ '20n jWC - 5 X 104 J
Va
100L - 90°
= -j100V
-j200 j120 200
v, = 500LO° = 500 V
+
-j 100"
~Ll:_a
V~~_1+-80_0
x~....L.J~500V
VI
80 +
VI - 500
20
VI
+ j 100 _ 0 j12 -
Solving,
VI
= = =
160L53.13°V = 96 -j100 - 96 - j128 j12
+ j128V +
-j100 - 500 -j20
Ia
-14 - j17 = 22.02L - 129.47° A
ia = 22.02 cos(lO,OOOt - 129.47°) A 500 - 96 - j128 20
Ib=
500 + j100 -j20
= 15.2
+ j18.6
= 24.02L50.74° A
ib = 24.02 cos(lO,OOOt
+ 50.74°)
Problems
9-37
P 9.54
j30
Vi
-j30 +
~ Vg
Vo
50
-j5V
~
5&A t
,0
j20
- -j5V
(5 + j6)Vo + lOVl = 30 -5
VI-Vo
-.7'3
Vl+j5_0
J'3
VI = 9 - j5 Vg = VI - V, = 9 - j5 - jl0 = 9 - j15
P 9.55
j400 =
17.49L - 59.04°V
+
Vo
250
~ -j500
Vo Vo 321 _ 0 25 + -j50 + 0_ (2 + j)Vo = -160010 Vo = (-640 + j320)lo I _ VI - (Vo/4) o_ j40 .'. VI = (-160 + j120)lo
9-38
CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis V 17 = 2~ .'.
+ 10 = (-8 + j6)lo + 10 = (-7 + j6)lo

+)6
10 = ( /7
. ) = -1.4=
j1.2A = 1.84/ -139.40° A
V, = (-640
+ j320)lo +
1280 + j320 = 1319.39[14.04°Y
P 9.56
_p: 100
0L_+
Vo 8
Vo - 2.51.6. Vo _ 0 j5 + -j10-
Solving, Vo
= 72 + j96 = 120[53.13° Y
P 9.57
V a = 60/00y. _,
we
-j
-j10 40,000(1.25)
-j200
200
-j200
60LQ'~
~ a Xo]
j50~
(bj90V
60 = (20 + j5)Ia - j5h

j90 = -j5la Solving,
- j151b
Ia
= 2.25 -
j2.25 A;
=
Ib
=::
-6.75 + jO.75 A
10 = la - Ib = 9 - j3 io(t)
9.49L - 18.43°A
= 9.49cos(40,OOOt-
18.43°) A
Prob.lems
P 9.58 From the solution to Problem 9.52 the phasor-domain
j2[2
9-39
circuit is
-j4 [2
+
10/53.13°V
+
I1
Vo 6D ~
I2
18/-90
°v
10/53.13° = (6
+ j2)11 + (6 -
- 612 j4)12
8L-90° = -611
Solving;
v, = 12LOO V
vo(t)
P 9.59
= 12 cos 5000t V
~--------~
-j30
j30
~--------~
50
.....__--.....j~.---__,.------'I/I/Ir-----1
-j5V
j2(lb - 5) Solving,
+ 5(lb
- la) - j5 = 0
la = -j3;
9-40
P 9.60

o
2 0A
r-------{.f--J------.
100/00 = (5
+ j5)ll + (5 -
- 512 - j513 j5)12
50/00 = -511
+ j513
Solving, 11 = 58 - j20A; 12 = 58
+ jlOA;
13 = 28
+ JOA
I,
= 13 + 2 = 30 + jO A
Ij, = 11 - 13 = 58 - j20 - 28 = 30 - j20A

L, = 12 - 13 = 58
+ jlO
- 28 = 30
+ jlOA
Id P 9.61
= 11 -
12 = 58 - j20 - 58 - jlO = -j30A

X
jwL:::=j5000(14
__
10-3) = j70 0
1= -.1 = -j4000 ju.JC (5000)(0.5 X 10-6) IIjl j70Q -j400Q 50Q 7Z!sfV : rIa rIb 590IIjl 1600 +
~
Yo
72/0 = (50
0
+ j70)la
- 50Ib
+ 590( -Ib)
Problems
0= -50Ia - 590( -Ib) Solving, Ib = (50 - j50) mA Vo = 160Ib
Vo
9-41
+ (210 -
j400)Ib
8 - j8
11.31/ - 45°
= 11.31 cos(5000t
- 45°) V
P 9.62
106 Zo = 600 - j (5000)(0.25) = 600 - j800n
ZT = 300
+ j2000 + 600 -
j800 = 900
+ j1200n
1500/53.13° n
V = V Zo = (75/0°)(1000/ - 53.13°) = 50/ - 106.26° V o 9 ZT 1500/53.130

Vo
= 50cos(5000t
- 106.26°) V
P 9.63
= -j= -j100n jWC 104 • jwL = j (500) (1) = j500n Let Zl = 50 - j100 n; Ig = 125/0° mA
106
Z2
250
+ j500n
10 =
z, +
IgZl
_ 125L!r(50 - jlOO) Z2 (300 + j400)
=
io P 9.64
-12.5 - j25rnA
27.95/ - 116.57° mA
= 27.95 cos(500t
- 116.57°) mA jwC
Vg = 1.2/0° V;
j100
106
-jlOkn
Let Va = voltage across 1 f..LF capacitor, positive at upper terminal Then: Va - 1.2i.['_ Va 10 + -jl0
Va _ O' 10 - ,
:.
V, = (0.48 - jO.24) V
o.'.
Vo
Va 10
0 - Vo _ O' 200 - ,
Vo = -20Va
Vo = -9.6
+ j4.8
= 10.73/153.43° V
= 10.73 cos (lOOt
+ 153.43°)
9-42 P 9.65
[a]
200kQ
v, -
1.2Loo . V 10,000 + ]wCo a 1.2 2 + j1()4wCo
Va_ 10,000 - 0
V, =
V, = -20Va
V=
o
(see solution to Prob. 9.73)
-24 _ 24L1800 6C 2 + j10 o 2 + j106Co angle = 60°
.'.
denominator
tan 60°
6
=v3
10 Co = J3 2 or Co = 106 = 2J3 {LF = 3.46 {LF [b] V = 24L1llir o 2+j2V3 v: = 6 cos(100t P 9.66
= 6L120° V
2V3
+ 120°) V
[a} Vg = 2/0° V
v, =
1.6 160
1~~
v, = 1.6Loo;
Zp -
1.6 - Vo _ 0
Z _ (200) (lfjwC)
p-
200 + (1/ jwC)

5
j~C
- j10~~~.1) = _j10
-jIOOkn
Problems
9-43
z
p
= 200( -j100)
200 - j100
= 40 -
'80kD )
V, = 1.6
Vo
+ :;0
= 2 - jO.8 = 2.151 - 21.80° - 21.80°)
= 2.15 cos(105t
[b]
Vp = 0.8VmiOo;
160 +
0.8Vm
0.8Vm - Vo _ 0
40 - j80 40 - j80 . 160 Vm(0.8) = 0.8Vm(1.25 - )0.5)
V, = 0.8Vm
., .
P 9.67
jwe1
IO.8Vm(1.25 - jO.5)1 ~ 5 Vm < 4.64 V

10 = j106(100) 1012 j(106)(50)
12 __
'10kn
H
= -j20kD
40kQ -jlOkQ
20LQ_
20kQ
lOkQ
1 {'
;~-·20kQ
0- Va 10 :.
0 - Vo _ O' -j1O - ,
(7 + j)Vo
= j40
9-44
CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis V, = 7 j40 . = 0.8 + j5.6 = 5.657/81.87° V
+J
vo(t) = 5.657 cos(106t + 81.87°) V

P 9.68
[a]
jWC
-jl0 '4000 (2 x 105)(12.5) - -J Vn - Vo _ 0 -j400 -
Vn 200
Vo v, -j400 = 200
+ -j400
=
Vn
Vo = V, - j2Vn = (1- j2)Vn V=

p
Vg(lfjwCo) 500 + (lfjwCo)
Vg 1 + j(500)(2
105)Co
Vg = lOioov Vp .
••
_
-
10L!r _V 1 + j108Co n
V = (1 - j2)10L!r 0 1 + j108Co
=
IVol =)5(10) Jl + 1016C;

Solving,
10
Co = 20nF [b] V = 10(1 - j2) = 10/ _ 126.870 . 0 1+ j2

Vo
10cos(2 x 105t - 126.87°) V
P 9.69
[a]
vall
+._~----~----------~
~--------~--~+
vo
Problems
Because the op-arnps are ideal lin = 10, thus
9--45
Zba -
Vab _ Vab. lin 10 '
I _ Vab-Vo 0Z
Vo2 = - (~:) Vol = V, = Vo2 = -f(Vab 10 = Vab - (-KVab)

=
-tcv; = -xv.:
(1 + K)Vab
ZVab ZZ ab - (1 + K) Vab - (1 + K)
[b] Z
P 9.70
1 jwC;
Zab
jwC(1
+ K)
Cab = C(1 +K)
[aJ Superposition different.
must be used because the frequencies of the two sources are
[b] For w = 80,000 rad/s: 200 ~--~----~r---~~----~ jl00 -jl0U
VI - 5 V' °20 + jl~ V',
,(1
20
+ jl0 + -jl0
1 1) 5
= 20
V'
jiO = 0
.'. V~ = 5LOov
I~ = ~~ = -jO.5 = 500L - 90° rnA For w = 320,000 rad/s: -j 2.50 200 .---~------r---~~----, • 2.5k!v
20llj40 = 16 + j8
9-46
CHAPTER
9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis
V" =
16 + j8 (2 r-:: - ') 643/7 r-::9° ~OO) V 16 + j8 - j2.5 'VL_ -~. L:.2_
.,
'1" 0 = j40 = 66.08L/ - 82.4°A m
V"
Thus,
io(t)
P 9.71
[500sin80,000t
+ 66.08cos(320,000t
- 82.4°)] mA,
>0
[aJ Superposition must be used because the frequencies of the two sources are
different. [b) For w = 2000 rad/s:
~~
j20
'---
__ ----l~--....
-j50
+
20/-36. 8tV :
Vol
100
io] - j5
=2-
j4 n
so
Vol
2 - j4 (20L - 36.87° = 31.62L - 55.3° V 2 -}4 + j2
For w = 5000 rad/s: j50 +

Vo2
-j20
100 ~10a6.26'V
j51110= 2 + j4n
V
02
2+ + j4 j4 j2 -
(10[16.26°) = 15.81L34.69° V
Thus, Vo(t) = [31.62cos(2000t - 55.3°) + 15.81cos(5000t

P 9.72
+ 34.69°)] V,
>0
raj jwLl
jwM
= jwL2 = j(lO,OOO)(1x 10-3)

= j(lO,OOO)
= jlOn
(0.5 x 10-3) = j5
Problems
9-47
200 = (5 + jlO)Ig + j5IL
o = j5Ig + (15 + j10)IL

Solving,
Ig = 10 - j15A;
h=-5A
ig = 18.03cos(1O,000t - 56.31°) A
ii. = 5 cos(10,OOOt
- 180°) A
M = 0.5 = 0.5 JL1L2 Vi [c] When t = 5011" ,s, p
[b] k =
1O,00Ot= (10,000)(5011")
10-6 = 0.511"= IT /2 rad = 90°
ig(507rJ.l,s) = 18.03cos(90 - 56.31°) = 15A h(501l"J.I,s) = 5cos(90 w = 1L1ii
+ 180°) =
=
OA ~(1
X
+ ~L2i~ + Mi1i2
10-3)(15)2
+ 0 + 0 = 112.5mJ
When t = 10011" J.l,S, 10,000t
= IT rad = 180°
ig(1001l"J.I,s) = -lOA iL(1001l"j.ts) w = ~(1

X
= 5A
10-3)(10)2
+ ~(1
10-3)(5)2
+ 0.5 x
10-3 (-10)(5) . 37.5mJ
P 9.73
[a] jwLl
=j(50)(5)
=j250n
jwL2 = j(50) (20) = j1000n

1 109
jWC - j(50 x 103)(40) = -j500n
9-48
CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis .. Z22 = 75 + 300
+ j1000
n
X
- j500 = 375
+ j500 n
Zi2 = 375 - j500 M
= kj
L1L2
= 10k
10-3
wM = (50)(10k) = 500k
Z. ~ [5~:]2
Zin
(375 _ j500) ~ ""(240 - j320)
+ j250 + 240k2 - j320k2 !Zin! = [(120 + 240h:2)2 + (250 - 320k2)2}~

= 120
dlZil1l
dk
~[(120
+ 240k2)2 + (250 -
320k2)2J-~ x - 320k2)( -640k)]
[2(120
+ 240k2)480k + 2(250
dlZinl ~=
960k(120 .'. k2
h wen
- 1280k(250 - 320k2) = 0 .'. k=
+ 240k2)
= 0.32;
= 196.8
vD.32 = 0.5657
+ j[250
- 0.32(320)J
= 246/36.87°
[b]
Zin
(min) = 120 + 240(0.32)
+ j147.6
0
369L06 II (max) = 246L36.87 .'. i1 (peak)

= 1.5 A
° = 1.5/ - 36.87 A
Note - You can test that the k value obtained from setting dlZinlldt leads to a minimum by noting 0 < k ::S 1. If k = 1,
Zin
= 360 - j70 = 366.74L
- 11° n
Thus,
IZinlk=l > !Zinlk=vD.32 If k = 0, Zin = 120
+ j250
= 277.31L64.36°
Thus,
IZinlk=O > IZinlk=vD.32
Problems P 9.74
ZTh
9-49
= 30 + j200 + (50/25)2(15
- j20)
= 90 + j120n
225Loo . ,. 0 V Th = 15 +fio (J50) = 450L36.87 V
'50~o
V(rms)
r'---'rv'"V'v"\'-- ·
900 j1200
-'-1 ___
.ct = j800
P 9.75
jwLl
= j(25
x 103)(3.2 x 10-3)
jwL2 = j(25 x 103)(12.8 x 10-3) = j320 0
109 jWC - j(25 x 103)(250)

1
-j160n x 10-3 = j160kO
jwM
= j(25
x 103)kj(3.2)(12.8)
Z22 = 40 + j320 - j160 = 40 + j160 0 Z;2 = 40 - j1600

Z. =
Zab Zab
[140~~~60r
10 + j80
(40- jl60) = 37.647k' - j150.588k'

-
+ 37.647k2
or
j150.588k2
(10 + 37.647k2)
+ j(80
- 150.588k2)
is resistive when k2 = 0.53125
80 - 150.588k2 = 0
:. Zab
10 + (37.647)(0.53125) = 30n
= j250
=
P 9.76
[a] jwL2
1
= j(500)103(500)10-6
jWC
Z22 Z;2
109 j(500 x 103)(20)

=
-j100 0
150 + 50 + j250 - j100 = 200 + j1500
j150n wM = (500 x 103)(100 x 10-6) = 50n
= 200 -
z; = (
50 250
)2 [200 _ j150]
8 - j6 0
9-50
CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis [b] Zab = Rl
+ jwL1 + 8 + j34n
j6
jWLl = j(500 x 103)(80 x 10-6) = j40n

Zab = 20
P 9.77
= 4ZL = 4(200 + j150) x-
= (800
+ j600) n
ab - W
=
L
1-
wL1
{1_
k2w2LIL2(wL2+wLL) R~2 + (wL2 +WLL)2 2 k wL2(wL2 + WLL) } R~2 + (WL2 + WLL)2
For
Xab
to be negative requires
or
Problems
which reduces to
9-51
But k ~ 1 hence it is impossible to satisfy the inequality. Therefore Xab can never be negative if XL is an inductive reactance.
P 9.79
[a]
VI
+ V2 =
ZLll
= (~: +
I1ZL
1) V2
Q.E.D.
Zab =
(Nt/N2
+ 1)(1 + Nt/N2)11
ZL
.'. Zab = [1 + (Nt/N2))2 NI N2
(b] Assume dot on the N2 coil is moved to the lower terminal. Then VI
--V2
and
12 --11 =
Nl N2
As before
V2 Zab = II +12 . .,
and
VI + V2 = ZLll
ZLII
-
V2 Zab = (1 - Nt/N2)II
[1 - (Nt/N2))2h
9-52
P 9.80
[aJ
V2 = NI VI
12 = N211
N2
n,
Zab = ( 1 + N2
Nl)2
ZL
Q.E.D.
[b] Assume dot on N2 is moved to the lower terminal, then

-=-Nl N2'
VI
-V2
V1=--V2
N2
-».
-Nl 12 = --11
N2
As in part (a] V2 = (12 + I1)ZL and

=
Zab
__ VI
+ V2
11 - NI/N2)ZLll
Zab Zab
(1 - NI/N2)V2
(1 - NI/N2)(1
11
11 ZL Q.E.D.
= [1-
(N1/N2)]2
Problems
9-53
P 9.81
[aJ I
240 24
+ j32 = (10 -
240
j7.5) A
V, = 240LO° + (0.1 + jO.8)(10 - j7.5) = 247 + j7.25 = 247.11[1.68° V
[bJ Use the capacitor to eliminate the j component of I, therefore Ie = j7.5A,

Ze
=-
240
j7.5
= -j32n
V, = 240 + (0.1 + jO.8)10 = 241 + j8 = 241.13L1.90°V [c] Let Ie denote the magnitude of the current in the capacitor branch. Then 1= (10 - j7.5 V,
+ jle)
= 10 + j(Ie - 7.5) A
- 7.5)J
= 240La = 240 + (0.1 + jO.8)[10 + j(Ie

=
(247 - 0.8Ie)
+ j(7.25 + O.lIe)
and 240sin a = (7.25 + O.lIe) L, = 302.88 ± 293.!;)6
It follows that 240 cos a = (247 - 0.8Ie)
Now square each term and then add to generate the quadratic equation
I'; -
605.77Ie + 5325.48 = 0;
Therefore
L, = 8.92A (smallest value) and Ze
= 240jj8.92 = -j26.90n.
P 9.82
The phasor domain equivalent circuit is

+
+
Rl
~~
Vo
-jXc
vmLQ.°
+
V
+
R2
+
J:R R
x
1=
Vm Rx-jXc
As Rx varies from 0 to 00, the amplitude of u; remains constant and its phase angle increases from 0° to -180°, as shown in the following phasor diagram:
9-54
/" --.J:R
P 9.83
raj
j22Q
440 22
+ j22
440
= 20 _
'20 A
V£ Vs
(0.2
+ j1.6)(20
- j20)
= 36 + j28 = 45.61L37.87°
V
Vs
V(rms)
= 440LOo+ V£ = 476 + j28 = 476.82L3.37°

~V~
[b]
[c] 1£ = 22 V£ VS
440
+ j22 + -j22
440
440
=
20+JOA
= 32.25L82.87°
(0.2
+ j1.6)(20 + jO) = 4 + j32

vs
= 440 + V£ = 444 + j32 = 445.15L4.12°
Problems
P 9.84
9-55
[a] 11 = 24
1W
+ 8.4 + j6.3 = 23.29

0
UO
- j13.71
= 27.02/-30.5
.°
I = 120 _ 120 = 5/0 A 2 12 24 L_
13 =
12 + 8.4 + j6.3
120
240
= 28.29 - )13.71 = 31.44L-25.87
I = 120 = 10 100 A 5 12 L_
16 = 8.4
240 + j6.3
18.29 - j13.71
22.86 -36.87
[b] When fuse A is interrupted,
11 = 0 12 =:: 10 + 5 = 15 A
15 = lOA
16 = 5A
[c] The clock and television set were fed from the uninterrupted side of the circuit, that is, the 12 load includes the clock and the TV set.
[d] No, the motor current drops to 5 A, well below its normal running value of
22.86A. [e] After fuse A opens, the current in fuse B is only 15 A.

P 9.85 raj The circuit is redrawn, with mesh currents identified:
lQ
13 .2ro.° kV
J ~.
•+
120~V _ Q
a
20Q)
:Ie
~--40Q Q :Ib LL
lOQ
~~
The mesh current equations are:
120 Loo = 231a - 21b - 201e

120/00 = - 21a + 431b - 401e
o = - 201a Solving, la = 24/00 A
40lb
+ 701e
Ie = 19.40LO°A
9-56

The branch currents are: 11 = I, = 24LOo A
12
= I,
- Ib
= 2.04Loo
13 = I, = 21.96LOo A 14
= I, =
19.40Loo A
15 = I, - I, = 4.6LO° A 16 = I, - Ie = 2.55LOo A
[b] Let Nl be the number of turns on the primary winding; because the secondary winding is center-tapped, let 2N2 be the total turns on the secondary. From Fig. 9.58, 13,200 --_ Nl 240 2N2 or
-=-
N2
1
110
Nl
The ampere turn balance requires Nllp = N21I + N213 Therefore,
r, = ~: (11 + 13) = 1~0 (24 + 21.96)

P 9.86
0.42/0° A
[a]
lQ
The three mesh current equations are
120 10° = 23Ia - 21b - 201c

120/0° = -21a
+ 231b -
201c
0= -20Ia
Solving,
201b + 501e
Ia = 24/0° A;
Ie = 19.2/0° A
Problems [b] Ip
9-57
=
=
N2 Nl (11 + 13) 1 110 (24
N2 Nl (t, + Ib 0.436 A
+ 24)
[c] When the two loads are equal, more current is drawn from the primary.
P 9.87
(aJ
125
= (R + 0.05 + jO.05)!l
- (0.03
+ jO.03)12
- RI3 - RI3
125 = -(0.03
+ jO.03)II + (R + 0.05 + jO.05)12 + jO.08)II

- (R + 0.08
Subtracting the above two equations gives
0= (R + 0.08
+ jO.08)12
Since 11 = 12 (from part [aD VI = V2
[c]
jO.02Q
J
a
60Q
600Q
J
b
10Q
j O. 02Q
250 = (660.04
+ jO.04)la
- 6601b
o = -6601a + 670lb
9-58
CHAPTER Solving,
9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis
la = 25.2759451 - 0.231714° = 25.275738 - jO.10222 A Ib = 24.8986921 - 0.231713° = 24.898488 - jO.l00694 A 11 = Ia - Ib = 0.37725 - jO.001526 A VI V2
= 6011 = 22.635
- jO.09156 = 22.6351851 - 0.231764° V - jO.9156
= 60011 = 226.35
= 226.351851
- 0.231764° V
[d}
600j
:I LL
3
100
6000
125 = (60.05 125
+ jO.05)11
- (0.03
+ jO.03)12
- 6013 60013
= -(0.03 + jO.03)ll + (600.05 + jO.05)12 - 60012 + 67013
o = -6011
Solving,
11 = 26.97 1 - 0.24° 12 = 25.10/-
= 26.97 -
jO.113 A
0.24° = 25.10 - jO.104A
13 = 24.90/ - 0.24° = 24.90 - jO.104A V 1 = 60(11 - 13) = 124.41 - 0.27° V
V2 = 600(12 - 13) = 124.61 - 0.20° V

[e] Because an open neutral can result in severely unbalanced voltages across the 125 V loads. P 9.88 [a] Let Nl Then 14,000 N,
primary winding turns and 2N2 250 2N2; N2 Nl 1 112 = a
secondary winding turns.
Problems
In part c),
9-59
I, =
zer,
P-
I - 2N21a
Nl
= -(25.28
1...1
56 a
1 56
. - )0.10)
Ip = 451.4 - j1.8mA In part d), IpNl
= IIN2 + I2N2 r, = Nl (11 + 12)

=
N2
1~2(26.97 - jO.l1
+ 25.10 -
jO.lO)
= 1~2 (52.07 - jO.22)
Ip = 464.9 - j1.9mA
[b] Yes, because the neutral conductor carries non-zero current whenever the load is not balanced.

67654-NilssonSM Ch09

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Título original

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

67654-NilssonSM Ch09

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

-----......

+ 10[-53.13° = 4 + j3 + 6 - j8 = 10 - j5 = 11.18[-26.5~ sin(20,0001Tt + 30°) = eos(20,0001Tt - 60°)

18.6 eos(wt - 54°) V

[b] 1= 20/45° - 50L - 30° = 14.14

- 30/15° = 20 + j80 - 28.98 - j7.76

AP 9.3 [a] wL = (104)(20 x 10-3) = 200

CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis

= IZL = (1O/300)(200L900)X VL = 2 cos(lO,OOOt + 120°) V

-1 -1 wC = 4000(5 x 10-6) = -50n

[b] Zc = jXc = -j500 [c] I = ~ = 30L25° = 0.6L115°A

+ 115°) A II = 100L25° = 90.63 + j42.26

13 = 100/-95° = -8.71 - j99.62

Z = 90+ j160+ jXc ., Xc

1 C = (70)(5000) = 2.86 J.tF [b] 1= Vs = 125~

wL = lOn, . Zxy = 201110 J

20(j10) + 5 + J'20 = (20 + jlO) + 5 j20 = (9 - j12) 0

Problems [b] wL = 40n,

= 5 - )'5 + 2011)'40 5 - )'5 + [(20)(j40)] =

20(jwL) [c] Z xy - [ 20 + jwL ] 20w2 L2 - 400 + w2 L2

jl0 ) 5 - 25w jl06 + 5 - 25w

Solving for w yields w = 4000rad/s.

Is = V = 150i!r = 10LOo A Zxy 15 -

Using current division,

it. = 7.07 cos( 4000t - 45°) A,

CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis

j15) = (12 - j16) n

. j(4000)(15 x 10-3) = j60n

. 6 X 106 . jWC = =) (4000)(25) = -]60n Perform a source transformation:

_V_I = 144 + j192 = 3.2 _ ·2.4A j60 j60 ]

Combine the parallel impedances:

y_ 1 1 1 1 _ j5 _ 1 - j60 + 30 + -j60 + 20 - j60 - 12

It follows from the circuit that 10Ix

AP 9.12 The phasor domain circuit is as shown in the following diagram:

v = 31.62 cos(50,000t - 71.57°) V

Solving for I = la = 29 + j2 = 29.07L3.95° A. AP 9.14 [a] M = OAvO.0625 = 0.1 H,

Z22 = 40 + jSOO(0.125)+ 360 + jSOO(0.25) = (400 + j300) Therefore ZT = (5~~)

Z;2 = (400 - j300)

(400 - j300) = (10.24 - j7.68)

245.20 [b] I 1 = 184 + 100 + j400

i1 = 0.5 cos (800t - 53.13°) A

11 = 500~:~.870(0.5/ - 53.13°) = 0.08Loo A

CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis

= 271" = 24071" f rad/s, = 1/ f = 8.33ms

[d) v(O) = 100cos(45°) [e) 4> = 45°; 4> =

[g) (dv / dt) = (-100)24071" sin(24071"t+ 45°)

135° 371" 24071"t = 57. 3o / ra d = -4 rad

[aJ Left as 4> becomes more positive [b] Right

Problems [b] v = Vm sin(wt w

-250 400011" -6(

150 sin [40001rt + 30°] = 150 cos [40001l"t - 60°] V

w [b] f = - = 1000 Hz; 211" 150 3 1000 = 20'

.'. i = 10 cos(20001l"t - 144°) A P 9.5

raj 170 V [b] 211" = 12011"; f

170 cos [12011"

170 cos [1201l"t + (1511"/18)- (11"/3)]

-170 sin 1201ft V

CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis

[i] 1201r(t - to) - (7r/3)

+ 2 cos( 400t + 23.13

[e] The current lags the voltage by 36.87°.

Ri = -VmRcos(¢ - ())e-(R/L)t V R2 + w2L2 L di dt

Therefore the right-hand

At t = 0, Eq. 9.9 reduces to

_._I -j80 ----,0