UNIT ONE: THE ACCOMMODATION INDUSTRY

Accommodations
Accommodations: shelter, food, drink and other services for travelers or transients. Because it provides these things, the hotel business is often referred to as the accommodation industry.

Caravansary
1. ORIGIN
Silk Road is a network of trade routes for thousands of well-known in linking Asia with Europe (a or say between East and West). Silk Road started from Fuzhou, Hangzhou, Beijing (China) through Mongolia, India, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Greece, around the Mediterranean and as far Europe. The road also goes to South Korea and Japan. It has a length of about 7 thousand km China is the first to find out how sericulture, silk cocoons taken, weaving in the world early in the 3rd century BC. Silk that time is reserved for kings and nobles goods, silk was later taken to the area. Silk Road gradually formed since then. Chang'an (now Xi'an) where Chinese merchants gather goods and silk to prepare for the big trade trip through the Silk Road. Camels are mainly transport vehicles on the road this trade. Silk Road is a legendary road linking China with vast mysterious West Asia, it is associated with thousands of ancient myth stories. Not merely is the lifeblood of the trading post "camel traders," Silk Road was a journey of cultural and religious diversity are mixed. Silk Road is considered a system of trade routes the world's largest ancient times, it is considered as a bridge between Eastern and Western civilizations. According to documents left behind, Zhang Qian ( ) the Chinese were the first to put the bricks that built the foundation of this trade route.

2. THE MEANING
Caravansary, caravan, caravanserai and serai are the same meaning.

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They are meaning: 1.1. where for a group merchants overnight 1.2. The merchants to trade with each other and together through the desert and other dangerous terrain . 1.3. A group of travelers, pilgrims 1.4. the meaning is trailer house, mobile home 1.5. Today, the Caravan which means tourists in cars by road, can take on one or more vehicles (depending on quantity). They border the country by road and are allowed to travel with their vehicles at the destination The word is also rendered as caravansara or caravansary. The Persian word krvnsar is a compound word combining ''krvn (caravan) with sara (palace, building with enclosed courts.

3. ARCHITECTURE
Most typically a caravansary was a building with a square or rectangular walled exterior, with a single portal wide enough to permit large or heavily animal such as camels to enter. The courtyard was almost always open to the sky.

4. LOCATION
Caravansaries supported the flow of commerce, information, and people across the network of trade routes covering Asia, North Africa, and South-Eastern Europe, especially along the silk roads. These were found frequently along the Persian impires Royal Road, a 2500 km long ancient highway that stretched from Sardis to Susa.

5. FACILITIES
Inside was equipped with a number of stalls identical bays,niches, or chambers to accommodate merchants and civil servants, animals, and goods. Sometimes it can build the bathroom.

6. BUSINESS FORMS

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Caravansaries provide water for humans and animals. They also hold food for animals and shop for visitors, where they can get new supplies. In addition, the store is where traders can handle some of their goods.

INN
1. ORIGIN
Middle English (1150-1500) from old english, first know use 12th century.The inn has been largely superseded by hotels and motels, though the term is often still used to suggest traditional hospitality. Inns developed in the ancient world wherever there was traveling for trading. Inns have existed since very ancient times to serve merchants and other travelers. Found in Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built their system of Roman roads two millennia ago. Some inns in Europe are several centuries old.

2. THE MEANING
An establishment providing accommodations, food, and drink, esp. for travelersA restaurant or bar, typically one in the country, in some cases providing accommodations An inn is an old fashioned term for the hotel

3. LOCATION
They are typically located in the country or along a highway.

4. BUSINESS FORM
Many pubs use the name "inn", either because they are long established and may have been formerly coaching inns, or to summon up a particular kind of image, or in many cases simply as a pun on the word "in" such as "The Welcome Inn" the name of many pubs in Scotland.

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The original functions of an inn are now usually split among separate establishments, such as hotels, lodges, and motels, all of which might provide the traditional functions of an inn but which focus more on lodging customers than on other services; In North America, the lodging aspect of the word "inn" lives on in hotel brand names like Holiday Inn, and in some state laws that refer to lodging operators as innkeepers.

tavern
1. ORIGIN
The oldest tavern is a distinction claimed by numerous establishments. Some establishments clarify their claims with oldest continuously operating tavern, oldest family-owned tavern, oldest drinking establishment, or oldest licensed; there are many ways to distinguish the oldest tavern. The first tavern in Boston, Massachusetts was a Puritan ordinary, opened in 1633.

2. THE MEANING
A tavern is a place of business where people gather to drink alcoholic beverages and be served food, and in some cases, where traverlers receive lodging. An inn is a tavern which, has a license to put up guests as lodgers. The word derives from the Latin taberna and the Greek /taverna, whose original meaning was a shed or workshop. In the English language the tavern was an establishment which servedwine whilst the inn served beer/ale. Over time, the words tavern and inn became interchangeable and synonymous with one another.

3. LOCATION
In Europe and America, taverns were spaces along the roads at the distance the horse could travel in a day.

4. BUSINESS FORMS
In the colonial era, about two-thirds of the taverns were operated by women especially widows.

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Local magistrates who had to award a license before a tavern could operate preferred widows who knew the business and might otherwise be impoverished and become a charge to the county. Women and children were not, however, welcome as fellow drinkers. The drinkers were menand indeed often defined their manliness by how much they could drink at a time.

TRANSPORTATION
The automobile and airplane expanded the potential of mass transportation. Each of these means of transportation has resulted in the growth of corresponding accommodation facilities. 1885 Everyone who owns a car and has been already able to evaluate all its advantages needs to know exactly this date. In this year, presently a famous engineer Karl Benz patented the worlds first car that runs on gasoline. A number of old car, over the year it is not only improves machine but also appearance .Nowadays, automobile very popular About the world first airplane: On December 17, 1903 history was made at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. The worlds first airplane was made, and she had her maiden flight that same day. The plane was made of wood, fabric, and metal tubing, that was commonly seen in bicycles. But when this is all the materials you have at the time you make the best of the situation, which the Wright Brothers did. And now the plane is very modern Beside that the birth of train was importantly contributed to transportation: All that being said that automobile, aircraft, train and substruction are formed and developed, so the human move easily and convenient, since the travel more and more growing.

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MOTEL
In the case of the automobile, motels that serve people traveling by car have sprung up along highways all over the world. The size of this market can be judged from the fact that 85 percent of trips taken in the United States are by car. The word motel was created by combining motor and hotel. In the early days of the automobile, owning a car was considered a novelty. It was also a major expense. People bought cars outright with cash, and it wasnt surprising that owners wanted to protect their investments by parking their cars in garages. Garages and gas stations evolved to the point of offering repair services. Gas and snacks were not as easy to find as they are today. Gas pumps were often placed on sidewalks in front of stores. Early travelers were warned to fill their tanks every time they stopped because availability was unpredictable. 1. ORIGIN Motels first appeared in the USA. The Model T built by Henry Ford saw automobiles develop into economicalmode of transport for a lot of people which allowed them to travel all over the nation than everbefore. It's extensively accepted that the title 'motel' first appeared in 1926. 2. DEFINABILITY Motel is a type of accommodation is often built along national roads or in visit places with simple architecture, low-rise, basically meet the needs of tourist s stay. 3. ARCHITECTURE Motel which originally meant that the hotel provided parking. Motel referred initially to a single building of connected rooms whose doors face a parking lot and/or common area or a series of small cabins with common parking. Their origin was driven by increased driving distances that allowed easy cross-country travel 4. SERVICES

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When automobiles were first used, flimsy and inexpensive tourist courts and then by the modern motel, offering services comparable to the more traditional hotels. Motels or motor hotels providing parking facilities for cars were also constructed in many large cities, where they now compete with the older commercial hotels. Offer a wide variety of valued services including:

24 hour check-in service Quick check-in service for larger tour groups/functions Accepts all major credit cards Dry Cleaning Room service offering full restaurant menu options Licenced Bar & Restaurant BBQ Facilities Shaded Pool Austar in-house movies, sports and news Function Room (seating maximum 120 people) Special packages can be arranged to suit your needs:

Room only Room & Dinner Bed & Breakfast Bed, Breakfast & Dinner Special menus can be catered for 5. FACILITIES Facilities in room: beds, minibar, television, telephone, hair dryer, safe deposit

Tourist Cabin/Tourist Court

1. ORIGIN
By 1923, motor camping war the number-one national pastime. Affordable automobiles provided average Americans a new type of freedom and a way to escape their daily routines by touring the countryside on short weekend trips or cross country treks. Those travelers required more conveniences, so that the birth of tourist cabins. Eventually, national chain hotels and motels dominated the highways, replacing most of the tourist cabins.

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2.

DEFINABILITY

Terms that were used in the early days of the automobile for places where people traveling by car found accommodations. In general, tourist cabins and courts have evolved into the motels of today.

3. ARCHITECTURE
One of a number of small separate units, each providing overnight accommodation for travelers; usually consisting of a bedroom and bathroom

4. FACILITIES
Inside the tourist cabin: Tourist cabin which providing overnight accommodation for travelers; usually consisting of a bedroom and bathroom with hot shower, radio, security

Resort
1 . What

is a resort?

Resort is a place to which people travel for recreation purpose. - Resort is general area such as: hotels, restaurant, swimming pool, spa, gyms, system equipment and a staff service. 2. Original

of the resort:

Since the airplane have appear , make tourism more and more development. Because the airplane extended the distances that people could travel in the short period . for the accommodations industry , The most direct result of the increase in tourism that was attributable to the airplane was a boom in the construction of the resort hotels. The airplane made may more places available for development as resorts, including places that were quite isolated. A few years ago, Torremolinos was a tiny fishing village not too far from Malaga on the southern coast of Spain.

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Torremolinos is probably the most famous of the Costadel Sol resorts due to the fact that it was the first town in this area to be developed for tourism and it definitely lead the area's tourist boom of the 1950's and 1960's. Now its one of the largest resort towns in Europe. Over recent years, Torremolinos has evolved as an attractive and appearing resort noted for it clean sandy beaches ,wide choice of hotel and restaurants, and unparalleled variety of entertainment, active and night life available . Beside that many communities in Florida , for example , became resort as the railroad line was extended southward along the east coast, first to ST. Augustine, then to Daytona beach, and finally on to palm beach and Miami at the end of the 19 century and the beginning of the 20. 3. Feature

of the resort

Feature of resort is a quiet, far from residential areas, harmony with nature, nice space and landscape attracting to tourists. Resort may offer mountain scenery, the combination of sun and sea or features that are entirely manmade. Tourist can play :sport on the beach ,swimming, and climb mountain . 4. Products

of the resort

Bungalow: was built like private house with enough facilities. beside that bungalow are near with nature pure air , so that tourist like stay at bungalow ,specially family and business. Swimming pool: this place is entertainment with some game. Beside that tourist can relax on the chair next to the pool. convention Tennis course Spa Gyms Business center , internet

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Banquet Restaurant is very luxury and professional staff and always sample mouth watering dishes in many welcome restaurant . Bar Souvenir. 5. Facilities: Facilities in room Air conditioner Shower and bath Hair dryer Internet International telephone Safe deposit Minibar Television

CONVENTION
1. Theatre Style
The seats can be arranged in a circular, semicircular, straight lines. No pen and paper and use the projector. Chairs are setup in rows in order to face the presenter, stage area or the head table. Tables are not used, as the participants are part of the audience, and in most cases note taking are not required.

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This method is considered to perform well for large meetings or in breakout seasons.

2. Classroom

Short or long narrow table will be placed in rows and the chairs will be placed on ones side of the table to face front of the room are to face the presenter.

Normally accommodates large groups. Ability for the speaker to see all participants. Ideal for note taking and to use of reference material or laptop. Mostly know as not ideal for groups with interaction as except the first row all the other participants will be looking one anothers back.

3. Halfround Cabaret
Use square or round tables. Chairs are set at the half round of the table. All delegates facing front-centre on round tables . Large space in the middle of the room . Ideal for meetings involving small group work or the program introduces new products.

4. Broad Room
Use rectangular or oval shape table with chairs arranged around it. Dont use the projector. Have waters, pens and papers. Not ideal for larger groups or audiovisual conference. This is normally used for board room, in house meetings or for small discussion groups. Provides good work space for each person to take note or use of a laptop.

5. U Shape

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Unlike the broad room, U-shape can use the projector and screen. Tables are placed in a pattern ( U ) according to the required length and size. Chairs are the placed around outside. The presenter or the visual aids are at the opening of the U Ideal for small groups of conversations between the presents and the participants. Not ideal for large groups as the groups becomes bigger it would be quiet difficult for the audience to speak and communicate with each other. A series of conference tables set in the shape of the letter U, with chairs around the outside. This function room layout style is often used for Board of Directors meetings, committee meetings, or discussion groups where there is a speaker, audio-visual presentation or other focal point. Not ideal for larger groups.

6. Double U Shape
Be set up in case one U-shape is too long

7. Hollow Square
Placing rectangle tables in a squire pattern and placing the chairs on the outskirts to face the opposite table, for the participants to look at all participants face to face. Does not work well with visual aids or with a speaker as all the participants are not facing one direction. Not recommended for large groups as when the squire becomes big it would be hard for the participants to see as well as to communicate with each other.

BANQUET
Large hotel room or hall available to public for functions where food may also be served. Also called banqueting room or function room.

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1.Table Setup Tables are 5 foot rounds and can seat up to 8 people. A specific layout is confirmed during the reservation process. Decorations You are welcome to bring in your own decorations. Ask to see our photo book for ideas. No tape or adhesives on walls or furnishings during your room rental. We will provide hooks, magnets and easels to assure no damage occurs.

2.Guidelines Meeting room cancellations require a two week notice to

receive a refund. Please, NO RED BEVERAGES. Smoke and Tobacco Free. Designated outdoor areas are available for smokers.

3.Food/Beverage Renters must select from one of the exclusive caterers

for food or beverages served at events. A portable beverage bar (alcohol/non alcohol) with a dispenser is available. Renters are required to use a exclusive licensed liquor provider to have alcohol at events. When alcohol is served a security guard is required to be present The Banquet Room includes a large wood dance floor, a built in stage, natural lighting from windows lining the south wall, a screen that lowers from ceiling, a large catering kitchen, as well as a private patio area available from the months of April - October. We provide the setup of tables and chairs and can also help with audiovisual needs.

4.Buffet
Its can organize outside, this will include tables for the food as well as a table for drinks. The arrangement on the tables will depend upon what is being served. It can organize, too. You are arranged for seating, so u can have a place to sit while eating. Having various foods and keeping warm. You can choice your favourite foods comfortably Its so exciting when u serve by yourself .

5.Barbecue
. Some dishes are presented to the table as the buffet and some dishes will be grilled on charcoal. . You can order your favorite grilled dishes by yourself. Traditional American barbecue is not what your Dad did to hamburgers and hot dogs in the backyard on the 4th of July. That was grilling (cooking directly

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over flames) a great tradition but it ain't real barbecue. Barbecue and grilling are often confused because they both involve flames and cooking meat. Barbecue is a true American original with it's roots in the south, but it's popularity has grown over the years and now it has branches reaching all over the place. Each region of the country has it's own unique style and definition of what good

6.Cocktail
History of the Cocktail Party The cocktail party is a modern invention, conceived in the 1920s. Before World War I, most home entertaining was quite formal: people hosted teas, dinners, and balls. After 1918 informal entertaining became much more accepted The cocktail party is a social gathering, held early in the evening, usually for a period of about two hours, typically from 5:00 to 7:00 P.M.or 6:00 to 8:00 P.M. It may take place in the home, in a food-service setting such as the private room of a restaurant or hotel, or in a business such as an art gallery or bookstore. Normally, guests are not seated, but remain standing. Drinks in hand, they mill about, socializing to the strains of music, typically an instrumental arrangement, solo piano, or vocal jazz, played at a volume that encourages conversation. Rather than allowing participants to engage in deep and lengthy discourse, the social aim of the cocktail party is for guests to participate in small talk. At purely social cocktail parties, friends catch up or become reacquainted; new friends are introduced. At business-related cocktail parties, new contacts are made, business cards exchanged, and connections renewed It's a type of luxury The party isn't organized for mass The guests stand to drink. The staffs brings each plate of food to serve. The foods are devided and arranges on dishes. 6 9 dishes.

Deluxe

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Another way of categorizing hotels is by the quality of service the offer. At the top are the luxury hotels, which generally offer their guest the greatest comfort and convenience possible At the bottom are those that provide merely a place to sleep. In between these two extremes are establishments offering a wide range of service and comfort. A system for rating hotels according to quality is widely used in France and a number of other countries. This system puts the top hotels in a special deluxe category, with others receiving from five stars to one star. The standard features include private bathrooms, room telephones, and recreational facilities and so on will feeling satisfied with the great serves. Personalized greeting for each guest with fresh air or a present in the room The front of hotel designed luxury. U can enjoy your time at lager spacious with the beautiful view. The customers are the business man and women. Its a place for who have high income. The standard features include private bathrooms, facilities and so on.

LABOR - INTENSIVE
The difference between the quality of the hotels, equipment or furnishing, it is not entirely a matter of decision. However, the number of employees are also a matter of prime importance. With the development of tourism industry, accommodations industry has benefited from it. And, requires a large number of people to peform its services and requires professional employees. So how many employees need? That depend, In a luxury hotel, there may be three employees for every guest room. But in a small hotel, with ten to twenty rooms, may have only three employees, often a husband and wife who own and manage the motel and in turn hire a maid to do the housekeeping chores. Other difference. The resort and hotel. The proportion of employees to resort, with one hundred rooms needed one hundred and fourty person, but in hotel only one hundred twenty person. Obviously , the services offered by a small hotel will be far more restricted than those provided by a luxury hotel. A hotel that prides itself on its quality of

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service also maintains high standards of performance. Profession is very important. Therefore, training programs run by the hotel help to make sure that the staff meets the standards. As tourism industry in Vietnam is quite developed in recent years, there is a fundamental need in development and training of service and production employees for employment in hotels, resorts. However, training for these sectors in Vietnam is relatively unsophisticated and lacking in industry credibility. Skilled and experienced employees are scarce resource; vocational education is very limited. Tourism employees in Vietnam are generally unskilled and require considerable investment in training and development. Vietnamese tourism resources have lack of occupational skills and knowledge for providing good service, foreign language skill in meeting the critical demands of the accommodation industry. It is noted that exacerbating this lack is the limited practical training and poor collaboration between training institutions and the industry. Regardless of the number of workers, hotel employment itself falls into two broad categories that are traditionally designated by the pharases : front of the house and back of the house.

FRONT OF THE HOUSE

That is: Services and functions of a hotel that invole management, the front desk, accounting, baggagemhandling, sales and promotion, car attendants, special services. It should be noted that some fornt of the house employees those in accounting or sales and promotion for example, have little or no dealing with the public. Each division has a different function. But managers should be aware of the front office division, because it is the face of the hotel. Accounting control the operating revenues and expenditures. Sales and Marketing division who bring guests to the hotel, and maintain stable occupancy. With a large number of the staff, hierarchy in the luxury hotel is very various.

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BACK OF THE HOUSE

you know that, If the front of the hotel is seen as the face of the hotel, contacts frequently with people, the back of the hotel contacts with customers less. But it has a no less important role. Jobs in the back of the house include food and beverage preparation and service, housekeeping, laundry and valet service, engineering and maintenance. Some of the employees in this group-restaurant or room service waiters and chambermaids, have frequent, although rather limited, contact with the guests.

FOOD&BEVERAGE
F&B is typically the widely accepted abbreviation for "Food and Beverage", which is the sector/industry that specializes in the conceptualization, the making, and delivery of foods.. F&B department provides food and beverage for all customers in hotel. This department is also responsible about preparation and serve many kinds of banquet such as barbercue, festival party, wedding or birthday party. Well, lets look at the illustrations. This is F&B department includes F&B manager, chefs, waiters, waitresses, and bartenders The largest section of F&B employees are in restaurants and bars, including hotels, resorts, and casinos Id like you to look at this organization diagram. This graph shows you the number \

HK DEPARTMENT
When selecting the best hotel for a vacation, most people will assess the size of the rooms, hotel amenities, location and reviews. An important factor that is usually overlooked unless it is unsatisfactory is the work of the housekeeping staff. These hardworking individuals ensure that messy rooms are miraculously spotless at the end of the day. Hotel housekeeping is a difficult and demanding job that requires much more than might be expected

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Housekeeping is the act of cleaning the rooms and furnitures of a house or a hotel. HK is seen as the heart of the hotel. without this, the hotel will not work because there is no clean room, the facilities to provide to customers Housekeeping is done to make the room look better and be safer and easier. if you live in a clean room, youll be comfortable and relax after your long journeys. Housekeeping in hotels is the work which requires a good health for employees to perform many different tasks. Number of rooms where employees have to depend on the size of the room and bed. An employee should range from 15 to 30 minutesto clear a room. these are some tools for cleaning room hotel first, its trolley. this is a type of trolley used for containing necessary equipments for cleaning the room such as: kinds of towels sheets, pillows, duvets amenities such as: toothbrush, comb, shampoo, soap, shower cap in addition, theres caution sings mod and broom kind of chemical

ENGINEERING&MAINTENANCE
the staffs of this department are responsible for Repairing, maintaining and replacing damaged equipments in the hotel. Engineering and maintenance for a small establishment may be done by contract with local firms, whereas a large hotel will hire its own staff for these functions. this is the diagram of Engineering. Total is 10 people

LAUNDRY&DRY
Laundry and Dry department helps linens, staff uniforms and customers clothes become cleaner The work of the laundry department staffs in the hotel is divided into two groups.

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Group 1 consists of two people doing the work: sorting, washing and drying towels. Group 2 consists of six people who do the work: drying laundry (except towels) and folded. Id like you to look at three organization diagram of three kinds of hotel this is small hotel medium hotel large hotel look at 3 graph, we can see: Depend on the size of hotel, there will be differences of organization structure and the number of staffs. Thats all I have to say about BACK OF THE HOTEL.

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