CarnegieEndowment.

org

 2011 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

;
, ,
.
.:
CarnegieEndowment.org/pubs
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
1779 Massachusetts Avenue, NW
Washington, D.C. 20036
Phone: + 202 483 7600
Fax: + 202 483 1840
CarnegieEndowment.org

50

2011

10

15

20

24

27

31

35

40

47

51

53

, 20122013
.
. , ,
.
.
, , ,
, . , .
. .
, ,
, . , .
, , , , .
.
. , .
. , .
, , . , .

. . 2004 2008
. , .
2008 . 2012 2013 .
, .
.
, .
. ,
, .
1
20042008 . . ,

. ,
. 2008
. , 2011
, .
,
, ,
2.

 .
,
, , , .
, . , ,
,
, -
.

,

. ,
.

. , ,
. , , .
,
,
.
, .
, 2004 , .
, ,
3. . ,
. , , ,
.
,
.
, ,
. , ,
, . .
, . , , .
, ,
, , .

 , , ,
. ,
. ,
. , , ,
, . ,
, ,
.

. ,

, .
. , 1990 ,
, , .
, . , 1992 ,
, , . .
, .
,
.
2003 , , .
. , , ,
. , ,
36 . 2004 24 , , , ( ), . ,
. ,
: , , , 4.
, . 2011 , ,
:

2003
. . ,
. ,
, .

,
.5
, . , .
.
;
. 12 , , , 2006
$3 . 2004
13 000 .
, , .
, . .
.
, ,
. ,
98 , . , ,
.6

.

.
2007 $2
(
). - ; .
, . ,
. . . 2007

( , ) . 2007 7
. 2008
, .
, , . , 2008 , .
40 : 36
, 33 , 31 29 . , , ..
.7 ,
, , . ,
.
. , ,
2008 . . .
, , .
, ,
. . , 2010 28
, . , .
.
, . :
, , , ,
. , ,
. ,
, . ,

, , .8

 , . 2008
. ,
.
. 2010 , , , 56 ,
. , 2009
.
.
. , . 2010
2011 , ,
. ,

,
, .
, , , , ,
.
.
,
2015 . ,
.
. , .
. ,
, , , . 2009 ,
, , ,
.
.
, , .
2011 ,
2003 . ,
. . 2010 19 ,

 . , . - , 12 .

: , , .
, , . .
,
, . 2010
( ) .9
, ,
. . 2008
$4,5 . , ,
, .
.
.
$250 .
,
$750
. (,
2009 14 ).
. $295 20052010 . , ,
, , 2011 . , , 2008 ,
. , .

 2011

2011 , , , .
2008 . ,

.
,
,
, . 2007
$2 . ,
2008 , , $1,5
2009 $658 . 2010 16 $553 .
. ,
. . , , .
.
. ,
. , ,
. 20102011 ,
. 2011
11 ,
2015 5 . ,
.
. 2011 13
. 10 . 4 .
, . ,

10

 , . 2010
46 .
. 2008 $500 . $130
. . , 2008
2009 . 2011
80 . . . 7,125
. ,
.10


,
,

; ,
,
, ,
.
,
.

.11 . 2010
: , () .

, , ; ,
, , . , ,
, 2011 . , , ,

.

11

 , ?
,
.

. 2011 1
. , . , ,
$100 .

. 1990- , - . 1996
.
,
. , .
. 2010
$98
.12
,
.
, 2010 . ,
, . .
, $7 , ,
$72 .

, ,
. , . , .
. .
, . ,

12

 . , . , ,
, .
. , 1990- , ,
. ,
. , ,
. : , , -
.13

,
. ,
, ,
,
.

. : , CNN- ,
, . ,
, .

, , , ,
, .14 , , , .
. ,
. .15 ,
,
, . 2009 :

13

, ,
(, , ) ,
. ,

.

.16

2010-2011 , .
.
.
, . , , , . ,
. 2010 ,
.
, ,
.
, .
, , 10 ,
2010 1 . , ;
, .
2011 , , , . , ,
, .
, , , . , .17

14

,
(2009
$4,774 ).
.
- . 2010
25 , ; 42
, , .
,
. 61 39 .

2009
( )
$25,000
21,644
18,963

$20,000

13,885

$15,000
9,638

$10,000

$5,000

4,774

5,279

6,318

2,854

15

70

2011 .

60

2010 .

50

2010 .

40
30
20
10

: 

16 ,
, , . 2010 ,
, 30
.18
27 ,
.
2009
. ,
, 2003
,
. . (1) 2003

,
. (2) , , ,
/ .

.19
. - . ,
60 .

16

 . 55 .
, , . , .


,
.

.

.

.
. 1990
. , ; , ,
, . ,
, , . 2002
2009 43
199 000 80 000 .20
, , 2010
1 53
. , . ,
,
. , 80 , 2011
.
2011 , . , ,
XXI , 150 , 2011
.21 ,
, ,
2012 - .
. ,
, ,
. ,
,
.

17


.
, ,
.
. , , .
, , , ,
.
; ,
, . ,
, , 300
. , 2006
,
. ,
. .

. 2006
. , ,
. , : .
,
. . 2005 90 , 52
, 2006 , , . ,
, . , .
2010 10
.22
. , . ,
6 . ,
. ... , . .
, .
, .
,
,

18

 . ; , ,
, .
, . ,
,
.
, , .
.
- , 2009
, 46,3 , .. .
, ,
,
.
. 2010 , ,

, 700 . . ,
. 50 , .
- , , .
: , , . .
.
. .
.
.
,
. , , , .
... , , , , . .
: , , . .

19

, , ,
. , .
, , , .

( )

9
8
7

7.92
7
6.47

6
5

5
4.9

4
3
2

6.18

7
4.62
4.44
4.38

3.33

4.59
3.89
3.75
2.14

1.79
0.79

1
0
2006

2008

2010

20

 ,

. , ,
. , .
, ,
.23 , 2012 2013
. . , 2013
, ,
. .

. , 150
. . ,
2008 , 75 , 71 . , .
, ,
, .
, ,
, , . , ,
*.24
, ,
, . , , :

. , , , , , .
. , .
, 2010
. 50 . ,
,

* . ,
.

21

, , , .
, , ,
: 2,
.
: 2 ,
. , 2011 , . ,
,
.
, 2
25
, .

. , 2007 ,

. ;
. 2010
,
.
. . , ,

, .

. ,
. :
.
, , ,
.26

. ,
, .
, 95 .
, , , 2010 68 ; 57 : 2,
. . 2010
$9 90 .
.27
. , ,
, , . , , .

22

 . 2010
2 .
.
. ,
, , .
, ,
., , .28
. ,
, ,
.
, ,
,
.
,
, .29 .
, ,
. , . ,
.30 ,
, . , 2008
,
, . ,
. . .

23

. , , ,


.
: ,
, . , , , . 2004
, ,
. , .
. , .
, . , ,
,
.31
2011
, . , (2004 .) 6 654 (2010 .) 24 684 .

32.
, 2010 142 .
. 2011
. .33
. , , . 2010
7 296 21
( 0,04 ) .

24

 . , , ,
. 2009
61 . ,
,
. , , , ;

.34
,
.
, , , .
. ,
. . , , . ,
. , , ,
,
.35

. ,
, . .
,

;

, .
,
,
;

,
; ,
.
.
, ,
. , . , ,
. . , (, 2010

25

 )
.36
, , .
, , , , ,
, .
:
, . , .
, . 2007
.
, .
, .
2011 ,

. .
,
, , ,
.
.
,
;
, , .37
,
. , ,
. .
, ,
, . , .

26

. .
.
, , .38
, , .

,
.

, ,
;
.

27

 .
, . ,
. ,
.
. . 2010
, .

,

. 2010 ,
,
, : .
. , . ,
,
, , -
. ,

. , ,
, .
, 1977 , 90 .
, ,
. ,
.
1990-1991
,
.
, ,
.
, 2004-2009
. .

28

 . .
.
, , , 2004 ,
. , , ,
. , , 2007-2008 .
. ,
, . 2007 . 2010
, , , .39 , ,
, .
, 4.5 . ,
. , , , , . , , ,
. , , . ,

.
.
: , . 2011 ,
, ... ,
, ,
, , ,
, . ,
,
.40

.
. . , -12- ,
, 2005-2010 .

29

, , .
. , , .
. , ,
.41
- , .
.
. ,
, 93- .

, , , ,
,
.

48

98

57

54

17

33

12

93

123

63

3
27

65

61
145

89

2010-2011
:
2011
:

30

, .
, , , . , , ,
.
. - , ,
1999 . , , :
, , .
12 1955 , , . , , 2004
.
,
. 2004
:
, , , , . 2008 :
,
, .
, , , .
,
, .
, .
. - , :

31

 , .
.
, . 2008 , ,

, 2009 , . :

.

2009 . .
: , , , , . , ,42
BUMAGA, .
, ,
. (
), ,
. , .
, , . 2010-2013
$600 .
, .
,
,
.
, 27 .
. . , ,
; , 2011 .
, , , .
.

32

 , , .
,
, .

. , 2011 1 . : , , ,
.
, , .
. 2011
,
, . , ,
. 2011 :
... , , , , . :
, ;
.
, . .
, . ....43
, 2011 , .

,
. : , . ,
, , 2010 , , : -
. , . ,

33

 ,
. 2011 , , ,
.
, , ,
. ,
. 2009 , : ,
, ,
. . ,
, 39 ,
. ,
9 , , .44
,
, , . (CRRC) ,

. .
. , - , ,
. ,
, ,
,
, , ,
- , :
, .
.
, , , .45
, , , ,
, .

.

34

-
. ,
. (DCFTA) ,
.

. ,
. , , ,
. , ,
.
- :
.
.
, - ,
. ,
. 2009 , , , ,
.
.46
.
, 1996 .
- 2008 ,

35

 , . , ,

. ,
6 .47
, ,
acquis communautaire- ( )
, . , . ,
, .
2008
.
, , 2010 ,
. , ,
, , . -
, , . . 2008
, . ,
,
.
, , . :
,
, . ,
,
.
, 2010
2011 . ,
( 2006 , , ) . , ,
, .
2011
, . -
, , ,

36

 , 2011 , , .
,
, .
, ,
, .
: , , .
,
, .
. -
, [] .
. : ,
, ,
. , .
(CEPS), , ,
, , . ,


,

,
,
,
.

- .
, ,
- , ,
,
, .


.

. , ,

37

 -,
. , -
.48
, , , , , , ,
.
. , ,
, , .49
, , .

. :
,
, .
: ,
,
, . . ,
;
: . ,
.
, ,
,
. -
.
- , , ,
. , , -
, ,
.50
.
.
. : DCFTA- . ,

38

 . , , , .

. , . : .
, .
, , , ,
, ,
. ,
,
. , , -
,

.



,


. 2011
1 .

,
. ,
, , .
, , , ,
.51

39

-
. , , , ,
.
: ; .
,
. . , . :
, .
, , . 2011
.
,
. , , . ,
,
,
, . , , , ,
. :
Quis custodiet ipsos custodes? ?

40

 , 2012-2013 .

, . , ,, , . 2011
. . - , ,
, .
,
, .
, 2004
. ,
. , ,
.
,
2012-2013 .
, , .

, . ,
. 2011
, , 2015
( )
. , , , 50 .
, , 5 - .
, ,
, - . ,
, ,
, , ( ) .
, , , ,
.52
. , ,

41

 . - ,
* .

. ,
. - , ,
, , , - - .
,
, .
, , . ,
,
,
. , , .
.
, , , . , ,
. , , .
,
. ( )
, (
)
.
, .
,
. , , , . ,
,
,
.
,
.

*  (Yogi Berra), XX ,
, , : ,
.

42

 .
,
, , , , .
, .
- . ,
. 2011 1 :
.
, , , , , . ,
, , . 2010
,
, , , ,
, , .
.53
: acquis communautaire- 75,000-
, .54
2011 . , , ,
, ,
. : ,,
, ,

, , , ,
, , ,,

. ,
, , ,
. .

, .
,
, . ,
, , . :

43

[] . . .
, , ,
. :
?



. , , :
,

?
,
. , ,
.
, ,

.
,
,
.

;
,
,
,


.
, ,

. , ,

.


, .

44

 , , , . , ,
, .
, . . 2011 , 31 ($ 46
)
2011-2013 . , , . ,
.
, ,
, , . , ,
2008 . ,
-
, , . ;
, .

, , .
, 2010 ,
:
,
...
,
. , ,
.
.55
, ,
, ,
.

45


2010 2011
2011 . ,
.
, , .

1  ,
(CRRC) 20092010
. . www.crrccenters.org/caucasusbarometer
2
, 2011 13 .
3
, 2011 11 .
4
Saakashvili Vows Improvements with Drastic Measures, Civil Georgia, January 25, 2004.
5  : ,
,
, - , 2011 17 .
6  . 2003 ( ) 1. 8 , 2010 3.8. www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/
cpi/2010/results
7
Georgias Mental Revolution, Economist, August 19, 2010.
8.  , , 2010 . http://transparency.ge/sites/default/files/
post_attachments/ENP_TI_Georgia.pdf.
9  , Civil Georgia, 2010 15 . 312,888 .
10 Ben Martin and Jack Jordan, Georgias 1st Dollar Bond Since 2008 to Raise $500 Million,
Bloomberg, April 7, 2011.
11 Georgia cannot live on frog exports alone, Economist, November 18, 2010, www.economist.com/
blogs/easternapproaches/2010/11/georgias_economy.
12  . Paul M. Barrett, Trapped in Tbilisi, Businessweek,
February 24, 2011.
13 - 8 ,
, 2007 , , $100
.
14  , . www.papava.info.

47

15  , , 2010 9 .
16 World Bank Investment Climate Advisory Services, Georgia Manufacturing Sector Competitiveness
Assessment, May 2009.
17  , Civil Georgia,
2011 21 . . , , 2011 3 .
18  , Civil Georgia,
, 2010 8 .
19 World Bank, Georgia Poverty Assessment, April 2009, 1, . wwwds.worldbank.org/external/
default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2009/04/29/000350881_20090429111740/Rend ered/PDF/44
4000ESW0P1071C0Disclosed041281091.pdf
20  ,
.
21  , Civil Georgia, 2011
8 .
22  ., Manana Vardiashvili, One Brand and Many
Problems, Liberali, March 14, 2011.
23 David Goodhart, Mishas freedom laboratory, Prospect, February 23, 2011, www.
prospectmagazine.co.uk/2011/02/mikheil-saakashvili-interview-georgia-freedom-tblisi.
, ,
, , BBC- .
24 See Saakashvilis interview with Charlie Rose on March 11, 2011, www.charlierose.com/view/
interview/11538
25 2011 2- 70 , . 30
, , .
.
.
26  , : , . 58, 2010 13 , 12.
27  , , , USAID Georgia paper, 2011 .
28  . , , ,
, . 2010
, , . (ISBSS)
. , , .
29 S. Neil MacFarlane, Post-Revolutionary Georgia on the Edge? Chatham House Briefing Paper,
March 2011, 14.
30  2010 ,
, ,
. , , Novosti Gruzii, 2010 19 .

48

 , , , 2-
. . 37.
31 2011 50 , 2006
. ,
. : ,
, , , . . Georgian
authorities did not investigate effectively the kidnapping and killing of 28-year old man, European
Court of Human Rights press release, no 366, April 26, 2011, . http://cmiskp.echr.coe.int/tkp197/
view.asp?action=open&documentId=884704&portal=hbkm&source=externalbydocnumber&table=F
69A27FD8FB86142BF01C1166DEA398649.
32  100 538 ; . ,
: -, , -,
. . Kings College London, World Prison Brief, www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/law/research/icps/
worldbrief/wpb_stats.php?area=all&category=wb_poprate
33  . Civil Georgia,
2011 5 .
34  , : , 2010 15 , 23, http://transparency.ge/sites/
default/files/post_attachments/Plea%20Bargaining%20in%20Georgia%20- %20Negotiated%20
Justice.pdf.
35 
. , 2010 15-16 , 86-90
.
36  : .
, , . ,
. , , , . . -
, Human Rights Report on Georgia, 2010, www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/
hrrpt/2010/eur/154425.htm
37 ?, , N63, 2011 12-25 .
38 . ,
: Reinventing Georgia: The Story of a Libertarian Revolution, European Stability Initiative,
April, 2010; www.esiweb.org/index.php?lang=en&id=322&debate_ID=3
39 : , Civil Georgia, 2010
9 .
40  (2011 17
) . . www.brookings.edu/events/2011/0317_saakashvili.aspx.
41  . International Trade Union Confederation, Georgia:
Labor Code Tears Fundamental Rights to Shreds, May 2008; . www.ituc-csi.org/IMG/pdf/VS_
georgia_EN.pdf
42  , -

49

. ,
.
43  , 2011 26 ,
, ., http://brussels.gmfus.org/wp-content/
uploads/2010/11/The-European-Neighborhood-Policy_Mar26.pdf.
44 Caucasus Research Resource Centers, 2009, 2010 Caucasus Barometer, . www.crrccenters.org/
caucasusbarometer.
45  , , , 2010 7 ; . www.tabula.ge/article-1479.
html
46  , , 2009. Georgia Manufacturing Sector Competitiveness Assessment,
May 2009, . www.ifc.org/ifcext/georgiasme.nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/2GeorgiaManufacturingSector
CompetitivenessAssessmentExeSumEng/$FILE/2GeorgiaManufacturingSectorCompetitivenessAss
essmentExeSumEng.pdf
47  , ., Economic Feasibility, General Economic Impact and Implications of
a Free Trade Agreement Between the European Union and Georgia, Final Report (

, ; ;
Center for Social and Economic Research ( ,
2008 8 , 113).
48  -
(CARIS) , () (GSP+)
.
, ,
,
.
49  , ,

2007 2 035 , , 2007 408 .
50 Olga Shumylo-Tapiola, EU and Ukraine: Trade Is Not the Main Issue, New Europe, issue 930, April
10, 2011; . 2011, www.neurope.eu/articles/105783.php
51  , ,
.
52  , . , 100 .
53 . , You Will Not Get Your Land Back Soon, Says Estonian President,
Messenger Online, 2010 22 .
54 . Kaja Tael, ed.; Estonias Way into the European Union, , , 2009.
55  ,
. http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/georgia/press_corner/all_news/
news/2010/20100212_01_en.htm

50

,
, ,
, . .
, .
BBC- ( ). 1993- 1997
Moscow Times-, Times of London- Economist-
. 2003 , , , .
2003-2009
(Conciliation Resources) (Institute for
War and Peace Reporting). 2010

.

, ,
- . 1910
.
, , , , . ,


.

, : (
), ,
, .

CarnegieEndowment.org