¥ ASB ie F HABE gase = ph pee by Pan Jixing 708 ER hitH AR Bt: Hh MR A: MH: OBI: RB: *: %: a: BR: a HO: EDRIRY a: EA: SRM: WEBS: WERT: z # = @ i A TRA HIG; 024 - 23284360 (ab Br ify -024 - 23284502 E- mail:lkzzb@ mail npge com.cn BSEM@A (CIP) Be Rl Ja TF ENR A, FA-EBOR AL, 2001.4 ISBN 7 - 5381 - 3354-2 Looe ies UL. 0m - 38 - EOL — ob WV .TS8 - 092 Hp Fal Wi as BA CIP RE KF (2000) 5% 59055 & LT AE BOR Gbsk: EAA 26K 25 ER 110003) me UT BPA BAR A Ua PED) SEB 889mm x 1194mm 1/32 280 FF 10.25 1 9 1~2 500 2001 4 4 AS LE 2001 4F 4 AS 1 ICH PR ERG FR Est 48.00 7 + up: / www. Inkj .com.cn— 0 8 = tt Bee Wet a we I tt l ao I fase s a as ‘th Be gre? he a a I + % BS. SOA EDMAN ALA - AT | BIC AETT BER - SRA F FD BMRA AED BF ED Hl 19 2 BF EBLE A Fe A i TEBE BE SRF RRB SA ps BE BTR Ae SiN HE eT ET Pe i A ae SRF ORM TEARS Be AE FED FS ae HA SI TE PEERS BaF SRA HEE RAEI BIBT RAN AE 0 SENET | SR SHR. 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PRON RTE ED FPG SB | ON TR A BP Ba | SIF MK MY RURE- BRB. s " aContents Preface Part One The invention and development of ty- pography in China Chapter | The technical sources of movable metal —type printing §1 The invention of woodblock and copperplate printing §2 The invention of movable type printing technique: §3 The development of non - metal - type technique - Chapter Il The invention of movable metal -type printing §1 The invention of copper - type printing §2 The origin of tin—type technique + §3 Metal - type printing during the Song and Jin +++++++++++* 53 §4 On the theory that metal -type printing was invented in Korea Chapterlll Thedevelopment of metal -type printing - §1 Metal - type printing in the Yuan dynasty §2 Metal - type printing in the Ming dynasty §3 Metal -type printing in the Qing dymasty «+-++++++++++++++* Chapter IV The traditional Chinese method of casting technique of metal -type ---------103_ q oe A HISTORY OF MOVABLE METAL -TYPE PRINTING TECHNIQUE IN CHINA §1 The mode of casting and materials for casting ~ §2 The manufacture of type model and casting mould §3 Type casting technique +++ Chapter V Type setting and printing technique §1 Type storing and type setting --~ §2 Manufacture of ink for printing §3 Printing and binding technique *"+-"-~ Part Two The spread of Chinese typography in the world Chapter Vi The spread of Chinese Printing technique in Korea --+-+- 149 §1 The beginning of papermaking and woodblock printing in Korean Peninsula -*--+ §2 The beginning of type printing in the Peninsul: §3 The influence of Chinese metal -type technique on Koryo 165 Chapter VII The spread of type printing in Japan and Viet Nam ---- §1 The beginning of "Papermaking and woodlock printing in Japan --~ §2 The beginning of metal -type printing in Japan: §3 The early history of Papermaking and printing in Viet Nam ++rr+----" Chapter VIII The spread of printing in other Asian and African countries --- §1 The spread of metal - type printing technique in the Philppines §2 Chinese printing technique in West Asia andContents Central Asia 202 §3 Chinese printing technique in Africa 209 Chapter IX The beginning of woodblock and wooden - type printing in Europe - 214 §1 The origin of papermaking in Europe *+*++++ “219 §3 The beginning of wooden -type printing in Europe ---230 Chapter X Early metal -type printing in Europe--------- 236 §1 The beginning of metal - type printing in Europe -*---- 236 §2 The beginning of woodblock printing in Europe -** §2 The Chinese background of metal - type technique in Europe +243 §3 The development of metal -type printing in various European countries English Abstract INGOX vececeeeceeceeneeaseenensenecasesesasseesesense nee neaeeeesen re j :# SHESRESLESR PART ONE THE INVENTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TYPOGRAPHY IN CHINA bE mR v A HISTORY OF MOVABLE METAL-TYPE PRINTING TECHNIQUE IN CHINA Arh, = 2 R R> #—= emer RRS SACRED AA a ET a SB SCAR IRE ANSE ETE BAS, SY ETT SRE ED AS SR ED ae RP FB Ds Ag BA SL Hl BA —KABUKR. 20 HAVO, PRAHA TH RIE AA, ZEZASTCRT 2 HEA PAM (Bi 206 ~ 470 8) WHE RW ARIA BORG . 7 Hil SUP SSS RAK “ARYL (25 ~ 220) ABE #8 (c. 60 ~ 121) FIC ICA (105) HLA SEAL ( Broussonetia pa- pyrufera) BEA aOR il BUR AG. PEACH (420 ~ 589) Be SPR AR KAR, RR, RAPA. SMM A, # MASS, CATR. BAA TRE, CORT FAH OAS, ARMOUR SAWE. BPR HEM AIR, FRAME AT ALS LANE, FEBE DATARS til rE Pb BY EER A HH Ahi, RH(3~S we) VK, PRAGA KE ADEN REED EAC , SUA RESCH ED ACA BED, ABI EDM AR AM EET RES. PERE, RAE SR FRADAH RASA PA. BPR, AA be C1) BHR. WRROBMIOOT, ARRT AK S - 8, R—tADB A. RAB: ESCA 1992. 153 ~ 174; Pan Jixing, On the origin of paperma king, Bulletin of the International Association of Paper Historians (Basel) , 1982(2): 38-49 (2) BR. PRR ARH + MANE. I: BRU MER, 1998. i vo YEA HISTORY OF MOVABLE METAL -TYPE PRINTING TECHNIQUE IN CHINA € i SREB py SOARS FURS ARB bm RR RRA, AA KA EUMA RISA AE, SUBIR 2e88 FF A RH. HAS Ra, ERA BRIA, ERS AEM aL WRSVAZ. BIRRICM (420 ~ 589) HEATH EDR BF DER, (GREE UR, ARE BUEaIe. BART BREN VERTIS , BGR ZEMPAR RPI EN 6 ~7 tHheaZ 36 (590 ~ 640), EDR C deeb RUA TSB T . OER AH, HAA. MRR, HASH RR, RAAT Am SCR WR, MAA PIAA AR ht REE AE tR (M1. 625 ~ 690) FAA HI WMAAE (641 ~ 648) TERE MAM BBX SE (602 ~ 664), ALTE (KR BSF = BGK I fe) (688) % 10, KEMEFRRRKEERRMHS (658 ~ 663) HAF IA, “AE TR (OE) OR, IRR” a” FRA Ie hie “eae” | BD ED hl, aoa ILE (368) Hl (HIB) Mizz: CE By a AGE Be” o & “PUR” APES hoi 2H, ML” , H+ARAD. EAR EIT, SAME, “PR HT SE CEA HR) (9020S a: “KHUARKORREER, HPO tk, BHRKAR, ©” BRAEI—A, (ah e HSE BERLE ES BER, HEE (Samantabhadra) YP EIA REZ. RMRICRBW, KI 058 ~ 663 FR PBUA FRR BAR, TAA KURT DH. C1) AB. RRR ENB AR ACA Fe. EE (AER), 1994, 12(1): 52 ~57 (2) Mor, BRUM). ARB S MAM (688), 10, KERBARA, K R: KE-MBWAE, 1927, $50: 275 (3) 739A), BAAR (926) 48 5, SOME RAS. ek. SE FH, 1983, 9 1355 AF: 666BR SMF POHRRBK J ASA (f1. 770 ~ 830) CABBIE) (807), RRIF (61) WARGU “APPR” FRMAERZA: “RE RK, ALRUANF SMB. ” “RAH Ol FSAPRH ABMTE, UWARARBATEABS. BME (677) Bi Jes 385 BA 18 3 HE (643 ~712) WUE CK EI ¥) (Buddha - vatam sakamahé - vaipulya sara) TH BH KR AY EM RELATE) KR HP ERE) UA, GA SEABAWE, MEBODCARM (CEMA) H1~8S ZaRh, ALRANSB AA, (14 CO ER FRESE BEI, MED AR ESTAR, BRC AIRING. 1A EDR AD ALR RPA IE: —AGEHTROCA-HW ER, HE-HR. w CPE, RMT LHR, FAME. Ret, HE, Std, Sokpaeee , PEEP BLO IRR OM A, HELA ED BAR Ee mea HE FADE ARMED RITE 7 HP ROMER T. A SEED AAO PHA SCMRICRS SeED TE. 1906 4F, BiH EH EPEAT CRbREHEEZS) ( Saddkarma pundari- ka satra)% 5 PA CONRAN) A Cabs ee +c) , (GRE, REL 13cm, KAT, BT F, FR 5~7mm, MAFIA T, DHMFKHEABABAS. BS (1) XUAN). ERIE (807), 9, Bi WA MA. BM. RT AED 4b, 1983, 1 At: 46 (2) MON). PRA NAH (c. 677), Bl, RERBKRA. KR: K E-WRWTS, 1927, % 42: 482 (C3) PRE «ER I SS. RAE (RL) , 1998(1) 234 ~ 36& MGM SEAOBL TE gee ROADIE A HISTORY OF MOVABLE METAL -TYPE PRINTING TECHNIQUE IN CHINA ESOT BiB, PEA Ee 10 HARRY Jes Ph BR, Pe Ys = yO WEBEB) AA REBAR ALIS AAS, Ms AARC BE. HAAR AS , AIK RR Is (624 ~ 705) Bet (690 ~ 704) dil EFF AHF OAPI eS ea ARR AL ARG (1868 ~ 1943) Hic we F ft ZE As Be CE AY SH PH. HL A RAE RAR PE ALE th (1902 ~ 1980) PAB, EVA HI AA) BREE Ls Hy IU FR a AT ST DRE A A KI. BRAT, HFRRMAXMR GR, ke YF RUA SAE PH (690 ~ 699) AIF YS FH, ICE PU AE HAS BAS EB Hs BRE CER SY 0 5 — BS CARER HE ¥) ( Aryarasmi - vimalvi suddha - prabha nama - dharani stitra), 1966 *F Ff FB RIN Bt Be PES HP Az PY). Bees DEEAEA TE REL MRE CHASER ER dreoaueagergaeeg Oe LEee gicgiel ates] e aug Beas ey BOREAGRG SR BOTS Te RUN awe hE RELiePRe GEL Me DRG ae TR PRERPHED AEE RMT RE 99 honk Bl 1966 HB ARN OF PRM (AB PARKEP ER BY ,102 46-41 10 TA RAGS fe, HA EP a Fig. 1 The Wugou jingguang da-tuoluoni jing or Unsoiled Purified — Brightened Dharani Sutra( A ryarasma — vimalvi suddha - prabha nama ~ dharani sitra) discovered from a stupa of the Buddhist temple Pulguk — sa, Kyongju, Korea, in 1966. Printed in Luoyang of the Tang in 702. Collected in the Central Museum of Korea, Seoul CO) KERR. ANBOMMCTORR. RR: AMR, 1952.5~6Be SMITH AR ~ a WBE RAR, the, 12 KR, A, ER 65cm, $898 52.5~54.7em. HEH S.4em, | FH WA, SM 55~63 47, 17 7~9F, MEF, AWMBASAB AH, FEE 4 ~Smm(15.6 point), FF BMRA, WHI Se, AURA, ARMM PRE. We FAIRER, ALAN SPE 751 EK RAE +48), HAR AV HKSAR TEA, HT SEM ARAET ELH ie (RRA) PRDA 3 AY lt 8 EP TH (5 ~ 7 HL 2) PRR AOGAEREAS, KERRIER SRM WK(10~13 tS) VMSAAFLAHA, MRR H AH RAE SR, BSR TA TES. RN PAG RAIA, AAG (10 ~ 14 the) AA Rit aA A Bb PTA, (RE GR, FURST TRU ATA, (AK PURE REAM SAR ESBS A CRSA) AeA HA, RHAKEMRAA. RAN ARAKI ge” HB” Be SGTE” DS RA Be aR =F, SEM SLO UK. HERR, HS EAA Tahal BBB (690 ~ 704), 705 48% GAO BER RUBE uk ASFA, BATT DEIN SE AS UAB AAR 4854 (1. 695 ~750) CHICA) (730489, Cot PIKE BEB) ok RM (643 ~713) KPA A (Tukhara) 4 A 9% BE Lt (Mitrasanda, fl. 667 ~ 720) te? PASE “FIRAE” , BGR aM 2247 Ia] (701 ~ 704). Feat iE, AWTEF RICE (701), UAE (702) FISH, Mate QO) FL. RNAP RRNA PEA WX), AUR (WHR), 1968(4): 173 & ez seB) ( Prajna - paramitahrdaya sitra) 25 FF , HARE BAS ot BARK RIO A WE PRA A ODA)" Sae” FRIES A, iG LE Fa VA 9 ED OG 8 ES TIP ‘SALE AB EAD FEA Sy EA «EAE E20 BTS ERG ACHR MAT HET Se NE BB SEN TAS He ESC RRACA/\ AE (834) EF HR AH ER, SL TAT EAS MRE KAY A 14. Bem, BFE 11. Sem, J¥ 0. 7om, Hf 455. 8g. RMEPA=S ER, ROA JUBA 105 HR, BIE 108 Y. AHA SBIEF KEPA ASMAAMREC, KAAS A): “me, EB, Be BE iy”, RCA: “RAED TL (834 4F 5 A 30 FEAR TLCS , FE BRA ED As FSP E KBE JE) (702) AERRRNA (ERA P EZ) (956) MRHAABS 9. Som, 3X ELEAF IAL HL TR EAR AY $d RED AS BO BH EAE ARE Ml, ES ERR RARRS, (RR, BARRY BA, ASFA RASA REAR AE Re. UPR TER AS RF, AAT BEES I). she BB AS AAC IRE ANS ( Amoghavajra, 705 ~ 774) RF FRE (SMA) ( VajraSekhara sttra) HE A Th HE MR. (SBA) FR, RB ARABLAL A TEAM ( Maha - vairocana) RK HMR 108 BES, Busha 108 BR. MME PHS KORE PH ALAR, RAHA. CRITE HHA) HILAR, HEP ELMS EE. RRA TE (1) FEB. FPIOL BA AR. HAE (EME), 1979(4): 151 ~ 153 (2) PEAS. EAGT EM AIRS ER | KM (ATK) ,1986(4) 71 ~73i Re BIR TET EOE AS a Ea bbG38 bbaad bbbad pend i aah L b 5 i bh : a wo ae 3 BAR 834 $F 4h Hh AR A FP HR (A) A 4% XG MH (B), 14. Sem x 11. Sem, JR i % oh HE Fig. 3 Copperplate for printing Buddha figures(A) cast in the Tang in 834 and the inscription(B). 14. 8em x 11. Sem. Baoji Museum, Shaanxi ED ll 2 AA BE FE PAG EO OH. AAR LAE: , FF Ri its ZF BAY Fe, ESP SPAY HH EEL Se By TBE AS (960 ~ 1127) FER ( SARA) MARE BATT EY a, BRIE TONER ba Eh LHR WCED RRR TIE, ALI 12. 4m, BRE 13. 2em, ARIAT IA] AWEMHARE AAA WTA / SJLNIe" ASAE SE BAC BF ROD ET BOE 28 FE EE AR HED // RAMEE AB AE Bet // FA EHS // OR A/C ICA.” (4) BARRE: “Wb ER HH RAM, AEF RRAECEOOA. MAAR LAK, ASM, FAIA. ” WTR, SEA 44 se, AS FARA, ATL, A EME. HE H+ BaeDF MOVABLE METAL—TYPE PRINTING TECHNIQUE IN CHINA i IFC RRMA HEA FIT Bi PFO GF dE 4 ae R (10 ~ 11 22) Fh at HR A A HE FP BR, 12. dem x 13, 2emoA AR AE, B NG AE AE. PG HE Fig. 4 Copperplate for advertisment of needle shop of family Liu in Jinan, cast in the 10th to 11th centuries, 12. dem x 13. 2em. A: original, B: copy. Historical Museum of China BOT AU AR PE A SRI FAY BAR A SOR A, ILE a ise EP RA AEE. Bilin 1925 AeA, HAT ny ARIEL (HL 7 ECL) BIT He TE HK AR BB FR 2S HE (gut) PAA 50 F, SH EGE FW, ASW, KAS 15 Fl) AUPE WER SPY? SBR RE ORE AVA BIB C1) PRE, RLM. LRP RAMA, 1925, (2) #Be. RASA. AEF. Re KE A 158, F435 $132 Ret, 1941, 41 Ait: 88,a am SRIF ED BAR RATNER, Tv. 19 thee, WARM A Paes E Gn 38 hes ANE (BY 221) 40, ETT 2H, 2TH 4F)A—-W, B10 MMM . AAA ERR AY BE Jr HE DR Bis FN eA BE ABEU AK EI FE, TEAR TH RY FA EW MARE, LAr TA AR me J I EAS HR ALA Hi HE. pd Ye > EA Bl J: MA PRE Ml Be HR 400 AE fe PA AR (1 tHe 32) BLAS, AAS ACE A AE A EY, ELE FR BR BR. HERRERA HUE, Da, CAT RY. FEU RA, Mati. ARATE BIS ER RT, CR. EE RED FABRE ATE EU Ae RABIN, TE ALR A SJ Se HER, FA. ROR PE, WEBS. AAAS E BIB LS ED BUTE SX, PAR RSL ZAL TL He SBR SR Bl, AASHH AMARA, OR ED, VIA, ERENCE . WFR AE CEILS BF ca Al HETRAAAWSKEM, RISSBRAS LE, AE HAN, RBA AAR PER OAR A. Th HARI L ANS BLEEP , GERUATER, H HE AR FDA, FOB NLC, ARSED, Fee IR BD BY SHIR Ae EE EA ETB SBE CI ABE EB EP CE WB EA, TES SOME A. RRR RE, ARRAY WEL, CHRRIRTARM. WBMES ERR— TEA AEM, FER SIEM ARERR, BLAIR AE Hi C1) BFE. ITE SEA AR AY AA OR. SA PCAN ) , 1957(8) :3 ~7‘A HISTORY OF MOVABLE METAL -TYPE PRINTING TECHNIQUE IN CHINA ie ORF eT gy SERS ARE FF Ep hl He RAO MA ACT EA ED, FMR A BRT, (A REGAL HVA ABE. BIB EBA BAL (960 ~ 1127) 81 (10 tHe) 4RERR ERE ARS, AAC MAE PERM ARR, 11 HRMS REM PRA, Al FRRRTHRANAE EH, URN, BSE RT BOB Z A, BU ER — A HESK, LAR MRED TIO A. Dy sails (1254 ~ 1323) COCHRIA) (1309) 19 RK, AMA ESHAL. SURG, UE ERSA, BAA @i. BRER, “RAH” . EBREPHES RAS, B REM TFS, MAAR ARATE, BLAS PLVWIEA. ABA BRK (151 ~ 230) (FFX) (c. 210) BH 1000 FH, WK-FRRS, TERA. RAO TH (f1. 1145 ~ 1210) (RIGA MA) (1202) 4 30 (4M) OR: CAP UASR ENR, AKEIKIA, SEGAL AG), UTFELNS. BEATA, BRUCK, WAP Ko” $3. HARASS, ARBRE R LOMO TS 5. (RSE - BR) (HZ Seat (UT)=A—-A KER, “MECHAM NSRK, UPEKRSRS, BRAK. TORRE AU NO, UTES HERA, SERIES, SEAR". TL B RA Pe Sens HR RERESAHEZA, BERAM, DERE. LR SIE DT LAG WBA ACR (976 ~ 997) F HERR (984 ~ 987) Ke da BE (988 ~ 989) FIAT MER RAS ZI. RR / AF (1048) BRT 4F (1074) RIED ERS] ARS], ATMA A i, RBAUFERES ABARAT E( “31” ), ABCA ®.BR SRRT MBAR RRA a BEARACAR A 11 HER, eB (4T) a BSEAE SNH RERRMATS CS ERR TT RM, HBRBARASS, BARES S AREAS AIH, AR ERLE 2 AIR BE ERE, FERRE ALB Tiath-KMl, SELAH E SWAB SHAR, Be ARH, BUANAEFANS. AMmBSARARA LEAR AE, FS. PGMA AEH. FE SME, HRS (BREED) BH | ESR LEAR ED Hh ATE FED AA REFRREAF AER, SRT RSA AH hs fe. MP WAM, 12 tee SA ERE RM, TPE (1038 ~ 1227) ATE FHRAR ICR. ARATE FAR AREER, WARARAEH. 199943 A, BH GI AiO AE LAT — AF (1252) BON AALS X) , RAXFEARF, BARRE, UNBAE EA. AEF RARER, (LEI PEK, WR BRA-BABFAL, BPR 10~207Kk, KEES. K ALERIAV), ELS AAR BOR HORE, Bt RD ARTA BES BULA EOR BU, FREER, TASS HAR, ERR PBL eH. ACR A hil TF (£1. 990 ~ 1051) ZESASEED BIRT, DERE — ARTA, ARIE BANARAS, FAFEDS, MACK BIRT ETA. RT VIE TFRAR WRIA. DINE UCHR (1031 ~ 1095) 1E (BFR EWR) (1088) 4 18 A PHC: BR (1041 ~ 1048), AM K(FR)EALA EMR. HE: ARRAS, WAR. BEAM, KRAK. ARKH, BLOM, BPRARZAAZ. KH, Wsc be SRF RET mp SERRE A HISTORY OF MOVABLE METAL —TYPE PRINTING TECHNIQUE IN CHINA Ue BRM LE, EAE, BASE IR, BLK x. HRS, A -PRRRD, UEP wR, By Sak, ANWH. SUMS ETA, HAE, PHORM, HUM, EAE. kM at %, WEOKER, REMZL, WATR, SEAR 2b Se BERIT A HUGE HFA, ORS, BHM, ABEL. HA FRR, RAZ, WEAK, WET, FURALA, REARS, AMM TRE, HY Hie, ATR, TEBE. Mi, KAHLER 2, RHR, RE. FH, RUA PARAES) Bi H, BDRM? (BS, HO). SUAS AY Lace ae EH A. SCAT FABRA WORN” EAT A RE EH RS ER , — EY 2mm. H ADA FZ ©, BPE, AOR 2mm HEE DEM ALE: , LE HEAR BEBE th. SERRE 2mm WERNER HE RALAAH. EXIT, KH (Thomas Francis Carter, 1882 - 1925) REE ARR OE EA. “AIKEN, MLA — PRE REL 3 SEED, RAR" BIRR HET Ne? BA (1) HRC). BRR (1088), 218, HA, WHA(30S) MHA. de: MHWL, 1975. 15 ~17 (2) Yun Byeong - tae, Significance of the invention of movable metal - type printing, Speech at the Intemational Forum on the Printing Culture(2 October, 1998, Ch” ongju, Korea) (3) Carter, Thomas Francis, The invention of printing in China and its spread west- wards(1925), 2nd ed. revised by Luther Carrington’ Goodrich. New York: Ronald Press Company. 1955. 212-213AS Fig. 5 a6 Fig. 6 Replica of earthenware —type plate of Bi Sheng. Historical Mu- BR EIRP COLNE RL Fee (SFIS Sse PHASER | Sek | RR = Se sans ESR Sos EARL SEASON SNE DSN PSE, 2s 3 Hae AERIS BS at S| Rl ie ok 4 (1031 ~ 1095) (# RVR) (1088) ¥ 18 * FF (11.990 ~ 1051) HAH MRAM IR, AEA (1305) Ab BET AR Shen Kuo(1031 = 1095)"s record on movable type printing in- vented by Bi Sheng(f. 990-1051) during 1041 ~ 1048 in chap. 18 of the Mengxi bitan (Dream Pool Essays, 1088), edi- tion of 1305, Hunan Bee fy lean RS WA RATREPFRLAS, PRA RHE seum of China, Beijing¢ Ji SISTER ROAR ‘A HISTORY OF MOVABLE METAL ~ TYPE PRINTING TECHNIQUE IN CHINA FRAT MEN RRR RA, EE. ATF KR BFL A AMIE. REBAR BOAR, ARR. BAVA FET URAL RT ANY “ATE”, IRI 12 BRAY ACA, ER MS KG MS (Fes). ABA (KAMSO.)2 - 12H.0) 384 CH2Mgs(SO.)«) .#4#? (2PbCOs - Pb(OH)2) . #95 (CaO). HR(NaCl). AB, IS. MRR EB, AI TSH TER, AARC SAL, AG BE, BOSE, KURU WE REF Ea, Ae etal fi. AYE 7 BF (6 + 1) ROR TARA aR, ARRAS IRCA, AAEM. HR RRR AL, HARA EH, EPREPA KEE, MRRAREMZ ARAB. ARREARS AREA LB Hil AB EBT AR SF ANY (EES Se Ro be HE BED Ha SF UY He Hl BB — fe (pottery clay), EA ARM SLURS, PROBE. Hb Mo} EBS ARE (SIO), = AFR (ALO), AL (NaO), (G45 (CaO) AGH (K.0) SF, A 7 RES , (SARE, BLASRARERD, KRALAH. HBC FUA, ATA, MSE, Tt. Im TRB AIR, TIE. VORB, KPa, WL RERRAN- RW, MGM AMSR, BA MRA, RF EAS, APRN 2mm, AAR: —BAT BH TEER EE PARIS, (ARS TREY; REE AR REAM AREAS EAR, FRA RAPS aR ENE C1) MR. HERE APRA. SCT BET) ,1983 (3) 284 ~ 85RSIS SCO TEAR a WHHL, BRAM HER, PRR. Rae. RRA EDA. VEF HAUG, FAS, URE, BRU BUSMES, Pe UIE” AME. RV RAAT E700 ~ 900°C EME, "RAKFRAT HE 5% ~10% , TA THEED RUGS. Aig He FUCA MY ZE 600 ~ 1000 ZA] 600 ~ 800% FI HERI . FEA BE ADHERE TES Ha , SCRA. AFEKUAL, KRA, RED. A BRE, REBT. APRAKP DRAM SHS, & PREF, WAM ZS" “a” RULE, An 10 ~20 DRESS A RE BEER. AREA IES RBEFKD, M4YSRARMBSHY, KRM 05 ~ 1.0cm, BW 1~1.Sem, AHS APH, RETA BAA, FBS RCE RA, MER, Pe FOP L BOA AMEE FA, SHAE ERE, FH MK. FG ET ee PAD HE RH, SEP SE HY, WSR PRL, FCM LAMA BAAR WAM “HES”. MST Wk, HSH, YE PMA. FA RAMEE B Lit FRET, FR, MARRART, HATES, MAWRAT BET FEAT, TRESICARTER. AIR, AAAI AT FER. SEGA Sia, WORRIES, VED RINS. ARED C1) RRC, Ms. REFN NRNTH. Q. HRRER. PRABKKE M.A: BAR ARAL, 1992. 75 ~79 (2) seee a. RPE. ALI: KMUAEAL, 1982. 47 ~50 (3) MAE. PRUBRSOR SE » GAR SEN . ACH: AARMIMTAL, 1998. 325 ~ 326 ey SE Y| La Smarnaeeh pe RORE A HISTORY OF MOVABLE METAL-TYPE PRINTING TECHNIQUE IN CHINA Wi, FERC, REBN_ ED, HC ESS — PRE LM SS. RAEN RITEE, WORKER, BEZEL, BCP IE F, WAAR ALE AA BORIS 5S, FERED. BANK ZORA, PAPER. OS, NUIT ERIS, LA RA BEGET, TSFT ITZ — AREF 0 HE LRT MOH MT RE, FOR RE He HELE. ARMIES GRRE FEE, FEE AUS EAR RIC DOK. AAD LER ETF HSE. HOF. TK. MED, MASSER TONE, Beem WAH, DISET, BAR ARIAT A ESO, WOR AHS, BEAURR REE SED AA WEARS “AAS” . “UBM, ATi 7e—Bh HY” (short lived) ) . APTS HAI. AF TR, 12 ~ 13 feC RIES ANAC oh HEH TREE ON AT HE. BEL SUA , VES A ME, HOR ERT EAR EM 2m FER AIL BAR, VTE FEAR. CALE ER (1775 ~ 1855) PRIGIE FE NAA” WFR FRM, (ESSAI SRA AERP EARN), Fai YE ONE, VEE Ra F vel RL, DRE EE Hes AE PE A HB EA AR Dy Ha OY RENCE. EF BAA SB RR FAS BD FAA VEU RL A BED EF AR AR ‘AR AT FS SESH, HA RIE FRR KT FURR, MR Tea, AMET SRR (41) Sohn Pow-Key. Invention of movable metal—type printing in Koryo: Its role and impact on human cultural progress. Speech at the Intemational Symposium on Printing History in the East and West(29 September, 1997, Seoul, Korea) (2) 4Q HES (78). VERRRED RISE WL: HS ME . VERDI, HA, 1844RH SMS TE RB : q FRE Be DT AAI 2 EF et ft BA 2 BAR PL FES Hie o Ba ASRS RRA — ROU HATE FED ll ERASER BOIS, LIES MS AB CEP BR 11 te AIA, WR RR eH. BE REBEL ER, CMW FA, MP MERA HUM, EH BB ET SCAG — 7M ACB FF AVE Ea , ARENA A PCA Ea a , wT A — FE G5 TB oe FE ALG RE FRE SED RDS RE BRAEMAR , WAC BUS BURT HS ACIS FE ED AL SEAR ZA REE KEMA T AE FARE RRR GED BH > BRR EHR 1991 49H, FARELA PABA S TRE SA RR Ht GBS (1038 ~ 1227) At RAE SCR, SEP ALI CPE OCH AE BOR RE GH id ARE) ( Maha - laksmi dharani ~ satra) FDA, 34 9 ARMA AR, E220, 10 5, EAA 4 Si st RAE (FA 7). EE MAE A 23. 60m, BEE 15.5em, HAGA, HO, Hae, ARB. ATRSAS RFS, REED AR MT 12 thed PEA (1150 ~ 1180) AE AY, XPMAIOTE 1996 FH IME SARE S LAK WH GA . HLH EN et fi] #8 4 Pe AE HR (1127 ~ 1162) BAAR (1163 ~ 1189) HSH, UA ARS Oe SEI HL, (1) EUSA . PG ae AR | PERE IB (HE) .1994,12(2) 238 ~ 48 Y Yebi Ge RF ELLE pg 2k A HISTORY OF MOVABLE METAL -TYPE PRINTING TECHNIQUE IN CHINA ANA. HAAR PU" tbe” ABD, A ALARA, AFLARHA, RADII TE AEF BMG, (AR AIK ALAR. paaETET Eas PP tk ERTL OPEL HELE Eee LETTE aeaPet ges ge ARES euetaeg ail te ay aigsecaete agegeHiie HGRRORRE ctr akandne PCL LEe Tron. gagng GRERaART RA laa aa @ Bide nag gee sane e AKER EUCEEEEEL LETEEE ah acgnag x i Bapgee gs PeSESELt Vet eeee ey ARR BARBER BD TRE AR 7 1150~ 1180 FHRLACBHF RA (SHRED HAR) Fig.7 The Jixiang bianzhi kouhe benxu( Maha ~ laksmi dharani sutra) in. Xixia(Tangut) 1150 - 1180 RE SE BAL RAR TTF DE FE IT CTRL 1909 4 ER ZK Se POTS, WAARIEEIAR, On (SAA ec) Bl SE, EAR 12~13 thee, RRR RB, FE 41 (82 Ti), BASE, WAL 24cm, HIS. Sem, MAE 17cm, FE ll. Sem, PQA, S177, HT 16 F, A. RA HAXRANFH, HERB: “WR E Be FP DARRS”” RBARRERE RE), language printed with wooden -type duringRR SMEFVMMRRRK “FIG MES, SBHAKESAMAMLARARRE. K RAPA XDA HTM) (no. 799 3947) LEAT EA 1917 4 Ze PG SL BL ABH SE (> SL) BAS SIE A BR aR BAY PEL KAT RE EDA EAE EAN EB BS RAKE HBAS 5 AT ABC: MRE, ORAS, AE WED FMS Ste, QHD RMB , GSE EE” ah “PER” AUF , BEAT CEPA) ATE EA AY SEA AD EO He ZS JR SS AB (1167 ~ 1227) , ASR (1127 ~ 1279) HY BIR RAUL KATE FAR RM, (PE SOR FE A bh FE TIX — SP AIS Ei SBE. RDU, TAR (1280 ~ 1368) AP FRRAERE, BAP °F RE Bi (M1. 1260 ~ 1330) (RA) (1313) HAY CHE FEN AS 1) © 3, ARTS ERAE T A GERMA LPAI. 1297 ~ 1298 4 E MF IEE (SE BOE) 3 AFA CEE Sirk) (1298). RAKE, HARARE S HRMS, BAL FORA AARL, BIS, FSET at BATES. HERI AEA, DOR ATT, SF BBS WARE. AMG, PARE, TRUER. IER RROBAW IE. (Eel TRIS (8, 9), VARTA. ARERR CBA) (1686) %8 11 SICA (HUN Sh PRE AE) (1323) RK, FA (Al. 1279 ~ 1355) 1319 ~ 1322 “EE MLA (EAU, ARR 10, FIED CREM) SH. BAAREY , ATR AR ARIE AY ih (8 Ba aE BK C1) ae, REE. At A A IG | CAR (AE aE), 1985 (4): 238 ~251 (2) EM Cse). B45, Me 22, EF MK (1298). Ee: bE A th A AL 1994, 760 7 Ht Bae& ba SRE pon REPRE EEE EEE eee eee 8 £44 1295 FRY A FH FH Fig. 8 Revolving table for typestoring invented by Wang Zhen in 1295 OF MOVABLE METAL-TYPE PRINTING TECHNIQUE IN CHINA 9 LB 1298 FATE F Ab AR Ao BLAS, He A 2) 491955) Fig.9 Processes of wooden —type setting and ink brushing described by Wang Zhen in 1298. From Liu Guojun(1955)1908 4 2 ELA (A 4S A (Paul Pelliot, 1878 - 1945) 4E Ht BUS SATA 181 (4 464 5) fal Se We A A HS AT 960 L(A 10), WIE 130046 , BARAT MAKE 2zH897 1H (Metropolitan Museum) WAU RCH ATE FAO, FR 2.2cm, H1.3em, K1~2.6em RH , 1995 4F, A HE RTE RIED WH (Musée Guimet) PPR Ht AE FE HG, RRAMESUR TAB, ASTRA Al, AURA. RES, BARA S. ER FUR FP IAA Se ARE, TA il PEER 12 thea AR Ze 13 thee WO, BASAL, FIRS, RAE OR BRE PYRE ARMAS A RIKI OCF IT OE, HART A eR RAPA PPRMESF, MOP RET RRA ARSE ERM, ABBEM. BA. HE (14 ~ 19 HSE) DLE AT SRR ARS EAI BR BUTE BAK (1368 ~ 1644) BEHALF (1488 ~ 1505) FH] Ceo FEF) , WO PA STEM”. “SRTAAE” EE. RA WIETS | HH (1515 ~ 1530) TH) CREK AER STC) 90 4, BEPEMRMBSB. BAAN: “MPR ETERAITT /, Hi MABE /, BRA/ RAN” . AAT AS AS, WF. BITE (1573 ~ 1619) KFA BRE, A (1) Pelliot, Paul. Une bibliothéque meditvale retrouvée au Kansou. Bulletin de 1’ Ecole Frangaise d’ Extréme ~ Orient(Hanoi), 1908, 8: 525 - 527 (2) Carter, T. F. The invention of printing in China and its spread westward, 2nd ed. revised by L. C. Goodrich. New York: Ronald, 1955. 146 ~ 147 (3) BW. Bd + IS RIES UMA IS PE. SEM ALDER. doa: RARE MEAL, 1998(6): 1 ~ 12 BR PRASAD RARK — a ” etA HISTORY OF MOVABLE METAL -TYPE PRINTING TECHNIQUE IN CHINA Meee Lae | RANE F 100 # © . Gant ae AB PT ANE (1586) Fg BH 9 (fl. 1552 ~ 1600) a0 CREASE) 100 4° . TRIB FUSE AN RF HH (1522 ~ 1593) CHEMI R) 26 48, Hick “BERLE BAB”, BD “LATE SERED AR 100 8B,” HAAR ET B10 1908 FARR MM 12~I PRLAHOBKLAKEF, AE KMET RA Fig. 10 Wooden type for ancient Uygur language made between the 12th and the 13th centuries, discovered at Dunhuang in 1908. Metropolitan Museum of Art ,New York City BURR (BIR) BUA HEED. WEAR (1644 ~ 1911) 8 BEE (18 THE Se) Bi ae HES WL. WME = +E (1773) ADA CREB) Z RR, AOATMRERZTH. HEME, (Re) Bi APRA BEB Mt Sl (1724? ~ 1791) FRU ASE FEEDRRBB, AHR. RMU “TERR” AE, BAW C1) RR. PRED. Em: LEMAR MARL, 1989. 678 ~ 682 (2) AAC ER Oe. RNAI. IER: SOMA, 1961, 1 AE: 101D-H SAME OMHRRRA “BED. UAE (1774) BRAD ATE 25. 3 7 HEED GRE BOERS UAT) 134 FH, 36 238938, TAUREN, EUR KE, ALAA. SHEASRKA HLA, BME (1776) HARE GRR RAE), BRAT ASE So PRAT US. ARR EN SG Hy TB AB VSASH WAGE, RA-MAKATAF ARNG AE, SHR, SMASH, RR. BX S, SA AME ERMA © , 44 FREE AE (1724), AS BR (SILT), RLSSRUEKRENS ARAM. & fH SDRELINE, WRAL, HORE PREMISE, FA SOME; TEARS, AMS. BMH +b (1772)RA SAP AEG GE dh) AER ah, MS NRA RSP BRERA H, SMM, Baw. Hane i, BRERA ARE, URESER. SABO ME STE aT KASH FE , MRSA FEM. MATERA FEA E TRAM, WER RE TALE, FEAR eT Wi, RABE. FEO, SRR BRP Sr FORTRAN AE, CUA PRE eS PHN FRAAGHRRA, FRAMAHRE, RAAT HAR (1627) 36 ABH SON, FES ATRL “IAEA”, TET (1) Rudolph, Richard Casper(tr.) , A Chinese printing manual 1776. Translation of Chin Chien’s Wu ying — tian chit ~ chen - pan ch” en ~ shih, Los Angeles: Typophiles, 1954 (2) FR, FMM, RIE RABE RAR (BHA). HA 4e, HN: NED ARIE, 1996, 983 HE: 145 ~177 (3) MRSS. WHS (1927), 26321, SAE, HER. be. Lee HMA, 1986, H 11 ARs 1211NIQUE IN CHINA Zz E z 4 4 E 2 3 a 2 g g 5 8 = c EI = (WHR, HRA. TS. RUG HIVE TE hl SOE 5h SE RT BA Sb RIS RN 1965 462 Fl, MLS IN TARA SUR PRRE P , CEL eS TARR HRM) KART. TART Ab RAT AL RRR T 4 (1103) BH (SARK) MR, MHA 1103 FRAIL HED, CORDEMLICHL AR ORE) FR COG Rt HL) (Aparimitayur sitra), APBAPLRARARS—, = FR (220 ~ 265) ABE HE Sth, Sk. Ja RBA HSE, A MAKRAHA) (4%). KABRS A 1900 EEBIEE ERA. HN RY DARI 13cm, Fi 8.5 ~ 10.Sem, BWA, FRA, BlHebA “O” Zs, BUTE 1247, WHSEH 166 TF, HHA 4~9 MAH 17 10, EFF HEAI ARAL, HMA, BAAR, FORE ih, SF RARRD—, REPMARAM, RRERS, AA SHI" fe “ASH”, “Ge” SRE 11). SH RRA LU AKA 1103 FAC RAVE EA? 5 WIN RELAY (AR BA) ERE Za 50 4F, BLE PAIRS EAR, DOSESCIAPR TOI OP De SEAFHSOSE, BREWS HRM, MAAC MAR FIREHEA, AFR ERK, FRARAMS, KER O.5em, 0.45em; FS 3 0.4em, K 0.3em; “) S FE O.3em, KO. 15cm, HM BKAI, PBETOMM EE, SAME HM, RFS HA, REARS T HA, RD ALT OE, ERE. IRA (1) AR. BATTS RI TARAS R IS. KM, 1987(5): 15 ~18RR SAT AMHR Bll 1965 FAP Me REA ARMY 1103 FRSEPA (AEF Hh) RR Fig. 11 The Wuliangshou ~ fo jing(Aparimitayur sutra) printed around 1103 with earthenware ~ type, discovered at the Baixiang ~ ta (Stupa of White Elephant) in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, in 1965 SUR MA FIRE, AEE TH IEE LRA, APE EP EE, AN HE BRP TRS AR, SSR Be Ae LDF ab BT He HE BEF ‘OT Ta, ABA? ESR AR AAS. BFP UCR FANE $e, VARGA, AA FOS me, Rat HEAL, MENA C5 tei A BEL BWA, AHFEMEIE A Am ERE PB IA CHI Ta, THRU KPI AGE, ERM SO” SRA. Alt C1) edz. REST SE AR 89 eM OL TE — SA HE. CHD, 1998(10) 295 ~ 96 2 Bae4 A HISTORY OF MOVABLE METAL -TYPE PRINTING TECHNIQUE IN CHINA ei ORF EO BNAE A go RANE “6” FEM “RETR — PR RUE” Mo Bi ROMAINE EE, MAR, HE CCR) PARES, Rat ah RS Fs TH FS KHKK, 2“ B, WESRIA—, Ree MA Ki CHE, peenenentinnres Ames F LIAL AE LAN EY RAAT SHA RTH RES A, KREASS SE MERA COMBA) WEA. HSCS AR LTE “EP FRMARRRR” . KHMREAFABAR. “(" SFE EME AEE RANCH AL PTF A Od, AL BAS. HUSA SR RAMADS IR, RRES AA All, RAVE. Auk, MINAS COMA) BE WEA, REAP RRNRR LIE, RETA AN, FARR RDADS He FED, LE ARIED. Ree AEB are MEIER LAAT RRR, AER SRRS Ja, EAR. PRUCHESD, AARTIL A UL AP mm (Al, 1036 ~ 1169) (St SSE SAGE) (1145) 48 52 WAKA EF EM LER, HEA SUE AE AEE AR ARK (1126 ~ 1204) ARE HH I SABE. HAR UUAE (1193) ABA BBC a Pa: ERSRE, HBR, R20, AEH, HALE E, URERRER HF. FOR EE Rig) TAH, PME. WAT HRI AR Ch) Berea). UAE LAY ED Ah AUR. CE: BR ACR FEMS. PEP AE EEL, 1990. 130 ~ 132 (2) WHA. PPT EMBERS HATE . fk: MEM NEAL, 1986. 108BE GMAT OMAR Ho HtHHAH, RAARY AZM” « WHATCOM ALDARA, BME I, TA 1191 ERA, BRAG, AUER (OMe) Hea B, FOS, BANEMRMA CMA. “UAE 1", TRUCHET. “DAUR”, TRACI PHA Pte ED WL, FURR IED A, LORE, (EGR UTEP HE SE, Se. “RR EEN” BUS. AED, BS FMEA HIES . AAR PAVE FHED CREAR i). “EM” WBMBRIAK, AOKF 1150 MEL, K #5 (1163 ~ 1189) REA EL PAA SE , SU ac TUSSI KBE ATI, 34 28%. 1193 FA DAERW VE FAM BMRA B ALR, YARN EA. SPARSE FE HY SR 9 HB (1038 ~ 1227), BUR dt, SRA. MRR, MAMAS MA. 1036 SE SE AHF A A oR (2 ~ 1042) FHL EBB OPH SCI ETI A, SUG. STAR DURA RAI, PRR, 18 BRRAREK, MPU, -—F-H, HEH. HR FRABAR, SOMA ARS BEAR RED ATS AR, ALT E\,FRALE, SHERLEA THREE RE MAERAS fe. 198947 5H, HARRAH SA (Em TPR) (Vimalakirti - nirdesa sutra) RA (Al 12), Fk 54 HR, BAT, BT17F. BAAR 28cm, HR 12cm, HF SR, BF 1.4 -1.6em RH. SHEER EMA 1) BQKCR). SRIRAH (1193), Ls ARLE, B198, 3 HH 13. AKRAM HA, 1851, 38 49 A: 4& Lm MEAN RARE A HISTORY OF MOVABLE METAL -TYPE PRINTING TECHNIQUE IN CHINA 1224 ~ 1226 FRR, SSA, BR HE (1208 ~ 1224), SE FR (1225 ~ 1227) 4F A. 1907 4 fit E_A #} 2% 9% (Peter Kuzmich Kozlov, 1863 ~ 1935) Ze PH BL FAK Sik (Kharahoto, 4 PYRE eh RUE AME) Ik DE BSE WERK ALM, SRE RE EGR FORTE BRHEDM. AWBAERRAR, RRSM PMR ER HRA) (no. 223, 737) HVE FA. WAI S BUT, Dig tee. & ABB BRE HT: cm Hi2 ee GRCREF, KH 1989 Kase toy CME PBL) Fig, 12 Earthenware ~types in Xixia language in the early 13th cen- tury. From the Wei mojie cuoshuo jing ( Vimalakirti ~ nirde” sa stra) unearthed in Wuwei couty,Gansu Province in 1989 HOH RH 27.5 ~28.7em, HH KH 11.5 ~ 11. 8cem, Mh HE AA 22. lem, FA, 7 4, TT IT. AN AT BR TEA, PDS. SEKDRERA—, BOE HPIEE, RPRBRBA—, ARSE AT, WAR RMS AR, BREA ARK Pe (1140 ~ 1193) AES, HAE 12 thet, AIP 13 tt 2H) BREE MR FN RR CRE), WAI (C1) ERS. RUT FOS . PEI MPR (ALI), 1994 -03 -27 (2) Row. HHBFHAY . IRM ATATL, 1997(1): 67 ~80RH META RARS a

8 Abs BLA Te AY 2 ARE OE AR HAR eB 5 SAL 4E (1201 ~ 1208) HeZEED HAR MANE HTS , CREE AS SOBRE) OE TB” AEA” “Ee” AE 14 3 (A 21) AR Hee LTT we TL A BE BAERS AB AGA A HAT BE SEDs , SALT IL Se BP RBC A Hi 8 SB RSE) ALLL 1201 ~ 1208 4. ett ED BY Ra P1154 AF, tee ARIA 1154 PCE TB Ne Hee Hed a FF ET PLP eAC, BEAL DRAG A HT 7 TE 1154 462 REE AAA. RE FY) EY AAR 2 it FOR , BLE Br fe HB) Wy FEARED HR. 1936 4F, BRT RAVER AR “ATTES FE” WA Hd ik (P17), 1958 aH RRP WR. UMREKAE, Ke. 9% HW 17.8emx 12cm, JE 1. 7em, # 2700g(2. 7kg) . ARIETHP Val Al ATER FES THEA S THE (Xingzat) BD Mie (SAAT ) PB RAB. ATLL AR MM AE 8” Be“ REAR” , S)5ll Aen TEL ANAL UC (SRL) RAE ATE SB HERE ARE / i, AE HE FF BE ANAS // HES BE, SRR BE BE // @ 16 Fig. 16 ERRGRBEBR Ay pe (1215), EA 8 HAs FH we Printing plate for 10 guan of the paper currenry circulatod in Shaanxi of the Jin (1215) dynasty. Eight hollow blanks used for filling in with metal — types can be seen on the plate CO) DAD, ARES. PRAM, 1992. BA 1, 2.3Ae SMART OM A FY AGE (Te tk H) RRR Z // RHA A 5 // 3B IRE fre RB b BAS A OT.” WO TTF BB AP AR, LAA A TEDL HWASA ACR RHR Salli (1254 ~ 1323) fy (3c RG HD (1309) # 9¢ # fi 5) TBH HE kB CHARI N Re: fod fat bs es me B17 HR N61 ~ 168 FARMAMAST—-K i HH 64 48 FP RR A. 17. 8emx 12em, PF aa Bi Le + # (1160), Fig. 17 Copy of copperplate for yi - guan(1000 Pah Ae ED Be cash) of huizi(paper money circulated in Sit 4L (1109 ~ the Southern Song) cast in the Capital 1177) & 8 (Hangzhou) during 1161 - 1168. 17. 8cmx at, fe iL 12.0cm. Historical Museum of China (BL) BF Hh Ct) A 4b HR, RAB. Hi (1162) (BST), 4S = 5 SSE. VvA HISTORY OF MOVABLE. METAL - TYPE PRINTING TECHNIQUE IN CHINA ba Sa Teombe tA gg 2HRE HRRME BR eH CLM) (FRA), BR Hh, LETEK, STU, LTH, BMAT HR, Bo vee HOE (1168) AP RAE RARE, EROIHEST RA , FIER F ERA IAS FEARS, CISC BR EL EE RAMS +B I UAE (1161 ~ 1168) 218. HR BB OREIAR FAG OB". OR” SRR LE Ae, i “SHR” SF REBR, AFBRKDS “A” . “HY FRAT, MIR MAAN IRS. RRL, Ente “OB” 5 OR” FS KE, RPA AES ARP, PUGTE. SRT REL Oe BIO GLEE BAY. EPS RSF TEP PPR EAE CREF ZAR RE, BAAD. WEBEL HE, MMPRSBMK, AACR -BY, REBAR PEER ARAL BE. REF 1161 ~ 1168 EMER, ARICA AHA ATOR ENED, SURE SE DPR, PHRASE MRR B RA 12 tae, B ARE BRE. Boi BETRRVRR DLAs ic ESR LAN LR EL, CA (1) BUR Gt). 1345), AB 182, RHKTS- AF, Iw. b Me: EMEA, 1986, 387 Mt: 569 (2) BAH. CSM PFRRIR. AMER), 1998, 43(15); 1583 ~ 1594; Pan Jixing. On the origin of movable metal - type technique. Chinese Science Bulletin (Beijing), 1998, 43(16): 1681 - 1691RI STM a , AB REMARM AZUSA, GRABER IK. KFBNR, Aw tye B, WKRP Bias A mC RWI, REMAN “KB BO BR” Eat tt FY, SEMAUBHE, & KR. BS. URE ALTE RAAT (RRL, Bed TREN SOE, RR WYER A, BORE BT a FEE. 1957 7E ATL LIN Pa A LBM RK, BKAB(A 18), HB 27.5em, tH RK 16. Sem, FE 0.65em. EN NRPS TT AMA RAR RS. 7 fT, TT 12~15F, FM 1.4emx1.4em, 3 0. 7em x 0.7om. TI (KER De HERA) , i474, K B2ZeAMX “ME” =F, HATES “Yo MRA RR: “RR HP ERBOBHA, KAO, ALAR, EMR. “WBS” BRR” nth SOME, HON REA. HIE, WEAR (1163 ~ 1189) 22, WAM aR + SAE (1186), stk APEAAAR BRE” 2 C1) GRR . SER ISSB EDIE | ARIF (HLM) , 1996, BITE : 157 ~ 160 ah off. EE By fo Sa, Oe He ant (1 Baw e = wn a aa shh cay Job fy RE ek ips B18 1186 aA KF RAY LBERS) 4B EP MR Fig. 18 Tinplate for printing the dharani charm, cast by Hu Yan in 1186A HISTORY OF MOVABLE METAL ~TYPE PRINTING TECHNIQUE IN CHINA Me eeliae | RARE MOAMEF 1186 4F9 A 22 ASTER. ERMA CR BAR. LER AAM UE) , if 36%, RHR EMA YAR IL (Amoghapasa) MELE DB aK AK A ANI (Mahavairocana) f& RM KAEP RLUEMM FAH, BA BAAR (Bodhiruci, 572 - 727) F(ABARH EMEA) WHA CREF BER JE AMAR ER UREA PE OK RIES HLA ERE OBS Z EIM 1983 EAR EH A A Ee AE (1264) SERB {pli (1213 ~ 1275) BALOTAY “eB” BO, HERAT SY BRA EAN GBR ELS , WE LI HB HAZAS MMBKAIE (A 19), WP 22. Sem, BH 13. 5em, FLO. 4cm, & 1000g. MT _E FASC Be EE OW “AE (BE JM) HED SS AB (HE) eI (BL) BEF” IEE SEIS HA ERLE” WTKF, RARE: “MAR NAAR ES, SH /HFARARCACT RE ARK / RTE. MER BSP EAE 8b BCA ARES WARE RLIG GER / EE HifpiitT. HEARERS /, MERAH Ul) RARE, Wi. "WRIT 94 FPA SRSA RK F ARDY ALAA ET WR, SURED, SEE, Re eR. CER) 4474 CHE) ALES (A. 1540 ~ 1615) (BERRIES) (1586) & 7 BA RATAN BRKF WIR AAU AES ZENA, ELINA BHR Ry “RR” URED, Ws Cee - BEDE) PRRIMLA ME © . (RAIS ESE, WAR C) EF. ROREARRBRAF MMM ET. MR RTS Fl, 1987.4 (2) TRIE. AERA KSEE . HEMI (AER), 1994, 12(2); 34-37KARAS ARE, Reba ZIM, ASHER “HE” SB AUR BLL SOcm, AAT AB ED FRE ARR TA. AIR REE BEEP Be EN BL Hy EA RH ED Th AAR, Cie. Pej ta AN RE TA 8 EE #” , AWARE RRES. BH SMS. ENEMA ZH, TETHER . BES ARS VA 35 Hl ED Wi, SPA ARES. UH RERE BF MEE (1295 ~ 1298) ££ BEE (4 22 BE ABFA, Sal 3 WARS hme CHB) (1298), HH WR OE FER) (1298) — 3, FOR AM RAK CR 3) (1313) BR. MREBHIE ARTES ED BIDOR , (ASCHER EB ORR TP REDE. te (R10 TEES) ET AAR RED ER CHL 4B), RRA, “BARES H, ABRIL, BREED, FEHB tH AA RAE TOBE DLS (DES AEP, PERF ED RR” oh “ALA” HEALAR CLI ~ 12 the) EAE A C1) MURR. Ra. AE: He AL, 1992. 149 ~ 151 B19 1267 mh RAT AHHH Fig. 19 Plate cast of tin alloy in 1264 for 1 guan (1000 cath) of guanzi, paper currency issued by the Bureau of Trade in the Capital (Hangzhou) of the Southern Song, 22. 5 cm x 13. 4cem BO SFB ew a BATHE RRR EF — RRPLBP Mm, 22. Sem x 13.4em, 1983 FRGRERRM it iz se‘A HISTORY OF MOVABLE METAL,-TYPE PRINTING TECHNIQUE IN. CHINA 1A 2B EORITEA py RARE DAVE REF MACE ARE BEE EBS iH: HERABEE, URERZET, REZ A KATH. CLRER(ES) RUE, REAR, HTL BEAT SUE) RAGML, BRAK, ATH ho MORE, A RE Ate RR tit, ARM RE ERUPT BE CHE) AFIS BELLU” ATED (13 HEH) ERR ERE AYA AE TS EZ Ca REDD PRIOR, RAEN. MUTA ATE SORBET HRA, LAINE DUR, ERAGE S| A a Be OEE, ROR. HUT “HEAL PRE CoD 30 Bd a SO JE BIR REI Hes tL AA BUEZSBE" AR AUR RABE GH TAA ALGAE HAI SERIES” ITEACEM CRD EIR (14 tHe) , ALDH BEE AR HR Settee a ALT Ema HEN FTE HE, AEBURS EP RMS, “Jatt” Og “PR” HE i, RSE “AAT BIR, RAMA RAN, a RATEL LA AL T TE ORO UBT), RR LE BR 4], UU ath” Mottin, HR, MAREE, BM C1) ERC). I FENAH (1298), FEF (1313), 222, EA: Lae #t, 1994, 460 (2] Chon Hye ~ bong. 1997, Development process of movable metal - type printing in Korea. Speech at the Intemational Symposium on Printing History in the East and West (Seoul, Korea, 30 Sept.,1997)BoE SMTA (ES FCAT SBR A To FER, Ta GES EN %) TE CRA) ASAE F 13 the, KARR REA aL FEA 14 HZ, AEE MEIC Uy eS eS RMR WeSHM NIRA HKR. BH, ALFRMMS, “ett” FREES EU IC MIAN BT, BO AE (12 ~ 13 TE) AETHER" ER SH” Te SRL, EMER MEAT 4 TRAE: YR AR (10 HEE) AAR EDIB (2) JER (1 ~ 12 tHe) AORTA SEED — (3) ME HE BR A AS (12 ~ 13 HHS) A Be TS EB (4) > tt B)(13 tH WK) AMGEN ATER, EBA ED Ril BR, SHS GR ASSO, ATH HN a AC RED FE, RAE 12 WIR Sh. 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ALERT BESTA, MTORR FEF BIG FE PE SOLA To BROT AIES ES A, AREA AS AREA SAS , Se ER TA FT ELE, AGE FES EME HE JE i ARENDS We ET AE yA BUI , 33 EY SUS AE SE HR RDB ANB WK UAE, FRA) FL VMAS HEFT RT AF URS bE FART BATFE, UPRBH FMR IH TE FTE il BACHE a tH RO E19 he BE JK (1788 ~ 1862?) FRE, PARE IE NF (1728) HRS BAO TASES, FINA SL, WES MRT A EDR 5 CTE LARA TSR GE IF HEE (1] Chon Hye -bong. Development process of movable metal — type printing in Ko- tea, Speech at the International Symposium on Printing History in the East and West (Seoul, 30 Sept.,1997) (2) SAE. MATICK ARAM (o. 1857), 48 24, HEE M BREW, REA. WL: BAKA, 1982, AF: 699RO SMITE a BL RSS EA L-HRRS AREF RRC RARE A. BIR FURR, ARANETA. BATE, 2eF K AAR RA PAE (1008 ~ 1016) POI] RAB 16 Fe BERK FRAO RRAZY . HATE ADE RRP AR (EARN RR” ARE, ED SLR. BL TRUK (946 ~ 1015) AH, MHKEFPUPR, KF, ERM LORAIN ED, BP AL A TT HN CF a RA (fl. 1101 - 1171) CARBABFSE) (c. 1130)48 15 CFA) HH: HRUHRE, AA -BRYR, ARABAKL A WS, SERERS, RBA, UA. H MH (HI), FRED. MAAR LK, HBR. A A AB — RARE, TBR ICES, BAR AMAR, HARES, AURA, BR SUGARS , SARL OY DOT . Be FAR A A SS HTB TEAS PRY AR BIE tl 7 A LO RAR AMAA (1017 ~ 1021) ABB FBP He EBL ALL, SRA PSL. BA, MIN BRMPCBZ, MER OE, HRTZKANEA, NES, SHOR. Rome {LZR (1023) ERS, PRIS IKAT A TE Aas NS HERRNRFS. RTHRRFLIN, BH: SERARFT, (Hh) PPEB, HARK. NOH BNRESAN—H, REM, HAAR. REM "yA-HISTORY OF MOVABLE METAL -TYPE PRINTING TECHNIQUE IN CHINA Li EEN RARE RREWIL, HREBH, RARTLNKA, BRE +HX. SMH, LRH, BRA PAH, RHA PUR NR, FHADRK, KRARTRA, BERR, CREB, RERDRAERT, WRB S, BRAD SAF, WV. EF EAL AML F 1023 ~ 1105 46, BPI, BEG. 1023 ~ 1038 Fla], HM AAR, A-RE+RAS, HRMS, HARE. 1039 ~ 1068 Ele), MARE RTAB, HUA CRR 20% , +H 80% ) AF, ARS UB, RIPEN BEBE 125 FH. 1069~ 1105 4, MMLABA-RRAACAH, TK ECB (— BE 60% , (HA 40% ) KAT. PT “ARIZ” , te HARM KER (DRY “SRAARA” . “RRA Shp STONAH, DRIER MM, BIR A. OA ES” Be ORB”, HLA CPSC) PZ EMBET FEMS, RIE RTRR, ARICA, ATRA H, HFAK, WARE MDE AREF EP GMA Uae, FTA ae SHEL TE, h PIE ABR: —RARR OME, UPS OFA 8S; —RUFSERSRSA ARS, RPE SB”, X-RSWW RESO MIA. 1039 Fla, RM Pay Ze wT 7S ei SES ED), AN A Sa SR FH A Ah ARE, Wo LWT FRA BB+ 12 te, AR A (1) SAR). AMSEC. 1130). 15, WA. dea: PEA, 1955 (2) Se. RET. IL: PEAR MEAL, 1993, 24 ~26