SRIE DOCUMENTOS TCNICOS

NOVEMBRO 2010 - N 09
Siderurgia no Brasil
2010-2025
Ministrio da
Cincia e Tecnologia
A Srie Documentos Tcnicos tem o objetivo de divulgar resultados de estudos e anlises
realizados pelo Centro de Gesto e Estudos Estratgicos (CGEE) com a participao de
especialistas e instituies vinculadas aos temas a que se refere o trabalho.
Textos com indicao de autoria podem conter opinies que no reetem necessariamente
o ponto de vista do CGEE.
Documentos Tcnicos disponveis:
01 - 10 Avaliao do programa de apoio implantao e modernizao de centros vocacionais
tecnolgicos (CVT)
02 - 10 Energia solar fotovoltaica no Brasil
03 - 10 Modelos institucionais das organizaes de pesquisa
04 - 10 Rede de inovao tecnolgica para o setor madereiro da Amaznia Legal
05 - 10 Quadro de atores selecionados no Sistema Nacional de Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao:
Universidades brasileiras
06 - 10 Quadro de atores selecionados no Sistema Nacional de Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao:
Instituies de Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
07 - 10 Hidrognio energtico no Brasil: Subsdios para polticas de competitividade: 2010-2025
08 - 10 Biocombustveis aeronuticos: Progressos e desaos
09 - 10 Siderurgia no Brasil 2010-2025
Siderurgia no Brasil
2010-2025
Organizao Social supervisionada pelo Ministrio da Cincia e Tecnologia - MCT
Centro de Gesto e Estudos Estratgicos (CGEE)
O Ccnt|o dc Ccstio c |studos |st|+tcg|cos (CC||) c um+ +ssoc|+io c|v|| scm ns |uc|+t|vos c dc |ntc|cssc ub||co u+||c+d+ como
O|g+n|z+io oc|+| c|o cxccut|vo b|+s||c||o sob + suc|v|sio do ||n|stc||o d+ C|cnc|+ c ccno|og|+ Const|tu|-sc cm |nst|tu|io dc
|c|c|cnc|+ +|+ o suo|tc cont|nuo dc |occssos dc tom+d+ dc dcc|sio sob|c o||t|c+s c |og|+m+s dc c|cnc|+ tccno|og|+ c |nov+io
(C|)^+tu+iodoCcnt|ocst+conccnt|+d+n+s+|c+sdc|osccio+v+||+iocst|+tcg|c+|n|o|m+iocd||usiodocon|cc|mcnto
PRESIDENTA
Lucia Carvalho Pinto de Melo
DIRETOR EXECUTIVO
Marcio de Miranda Santos
DIRETORES
Antnio Carlos Filgueira Galvo
Fernando Cosme Rizzo Assuno
EDIO E REVISO | Tatiana de Carvalho Pires
DESIGN GRFICO | Eduardo Oliveira
DIAGRAMAO | Vincius Romualdo
APOIO TCNICO | Maria Beatriz Pereira Mangas
C!cs
|dc|u|g|+no||+s||.010-.0.subs|d|os+|+tom+d+dc
dcc|sio||+s|||+Ccnt|odcCcstioc|studos|st|+tcg|cos.010
11.||.4cm(c||c|ocumcntosccn|cos)
1|dc|u|g|+do|utu|o-||+s||.|st|+tcg|+scto||+|-||+s|||
CC|||||tu|o
CDU 669.1(81)
Centro de Gesto e Estudos Estratgicos
SCN Qd 2, Bl. A, Ed. Corporate Financial Center sala 1102
70712-900, Braslia, DF
Telefone: (61) 3424.9600
http://www.cgee.org.br
Esta publicao parte integrante das atividades desenvolvidas no mbito do Contrato de Gesto CGEE 11 Termo Aditivo - Ao/Subao:
Tecnologias Crticas em Setores Econmicos Estratgicos - 51.4.1/MCT/2007.
Todos os direitos reservados pelo Centro de Gesto e Estudos Estratgicos (CGEE). Os textos contidos nesta publicao podero ser
reproduzidos, armazenados ou transmitidos, desde que citada a fonte.
Sugesto de citao: CGEE, ttulo, autoria, ano de publicao, CGEE: Braslia.
Impresso em 2010.
CONSULTORES
EQUIPE TCNICA DO CGEE
Elyas Ferreira de Medeiros (coordenador)
SUPERVISO
Fernando Cosme Rizzo Assuno
Siderurgia no Brasil
2010-2025
Andr Luiz V. da Costa e Silva
Antnio Cezar Faria Vilela
Boaventura Mendona dAvila Filho
Carlos Augusto Oliveira
Claudio Parra De Lazzari
Carlos Hoffmann
Eduardo Osrio
Ernandes Marcos da Silveira Rizzo
Ivani de S. Bott
Jacques Marcovitch
Joel Souza Dutra
Jos Carlos DAbreu
Jos Murilo Mouro
Katsujiro Susaki
Lauro Chevrand
Luis Cludio Pinto Oliveira
Marcelo de Matos
Mauro Ottoboni Pinho
Patrcia Helena Gambogi Bson
Paulo Ludmer
Pedro Braga
Ronaldo Santos Sampaio
Srgio de Jesus Pereira
Srgio Valdir Bajay
COMIT ORIENTADOR
Cssio Marx Rabello Costa | ABDI
Fernando Antonio Freitas Lins | MME
Horacdio Leal Barbosa | ABM
Llio Fellows Filho | CGEE
Rudolf Robert Bhler | IABr
Tlio Edeo Ribeiro | MDIC
INSTITUIES COLABORADORAS
ABDI | ABM | Aos Villares | Arcelor Mittal | BNDES | CGEE | CSN
Finep | Gerdau | Ibram | IABr | MDIC | MME | Samarco | Usiminas
Valourec-Mannesmann | Villares Metals | votorantim |
ESPECIALISTA RELATOR
Germano Mendes de Paula | Instituto de Economia, UFU
ESPECIALISTAS PROPONENTES
Boaventura Mendona dAvila Filho | Setepla Tecnometal Engenharia
Jos Carlos DAbreu | Engenharia de Materiais, PUC-Rio
Marcelo de Matos | De Matos Consultoria
ESPECIALISTAS COLABORADORES
Antonio Laitano | FINEP
Ctia Mac Cord | IABr
Celso Antonio Barbosa | Villares Metals
Coletano B. de Abreu Neto | Arcelor Mittal
Daniel da Silva Marques | Votorantim
Ed Juarez Mendes Taiss | Usiminas
Eduardo Pessotti Rangel | Samarco
Eugnio de Felici Zampini | Aos Villares
Evando Mirra de Paula e Silva | CGEE
Fernando Antonio Freitas Lins | MME
Jos Falco Filho | Gerdau
Mrcio Frazo G. Lins | CSN
Marcos de Abreu Alecrin | BNDES
Nilton Sacenco | MDIC
SUMRIO
APRESENTAO
TEMAS TECNOLGICOS ABORDADOS NESTE TRABALHO 9
TECHNLOGICAL THEMES COVERED IN THIS STUDY 11
INTRODUO 1!
CAPTULO 1
MATRIAS-PRIMAS 1
1.1 Rotas tecnolgicas 1
1.2 Minrio de ferro .0
1.3 Carvo mineral .
1.4 Carvo vegetal !1
CAPTULO 2
REDUO !
2.1 Pelotizao e sinterizao !
2.2 Alto-forno a coque 40
2.3 Alto-forno a carvo vegetal 4!
2.4 Reduo direta e processos emergentes de reduo 4
CAPTULO 3
REFINO PRIMRIO (ACIARIA) 1
3.1 Aciaria LD 1
3.2 Aciaria eltrica
3.3 Produo direta de ao 0
6
CAPTULO 4
LINGOTAMENTO E LAMINAO 1
4.1 Tecnologia de processos em lingotamento e laminao 1
4.2 Produtos (aos planos e longos)
CAPTULO 5
GESTO AMBIENTAL 0
5.1 Gesto ambiental 0
5.2 Gesto de emisso atmosfrica !
5.3 Consumo de energia
5.4 Gesto dos resduos e reciclagem 9
5.5 Gesto dos recursos hdricos s1
CAPTULO 6
DIRETRIZES E RECOMENDAES (RESUMO) s!
LISTA DE DOCUMENTOS INTERMEDIRIOS DO ESTUDO 10!
LISTA DE FIGURAS E GRFICOS 110
LISTA DE QUADROS 111
LISTA DE SIGLAS 11.
7
APRESENTAO
^|ndust||+s|dc|u|g|c+||sto||c+mcntcvcmocu+ndoum+c|dcdcst+ucnomb|tod+cco-
nom|+b|+s||c||+^const|tu|iod+Com+n||+|dc|u|g|c+|+c|on+|(C|)nos+nos+,|o|o|um
dost|+osm+|sm+|c+ntcsdocs|o|odc|ndust||+||z+iodo+|sC|ncodcc+d+sdco|s+||v+-
t|z+iod+sg|+ndcscom+n||+ss|dc|u|g|c+s|c|cscntouum+|utu|+n+|o|m+dc+tu+iodo
|st+don+cconom|+|os+nos|cccntcs+|gum+scom+n||+ss|dc|u|g|c+sb|+s||c||+s+m||+|+m
scus|nvcst|mcntosnocxtc||o|t|+ns|o|m+ndo-sccmcxocntcsd+smu|t|n+c|on+|sdo+|s
^s|dc|u|g|+|o|ccont|nu+scndoum+|ndust||+csscnc|+|+|+o||+s||n+mcd|d+cmucco+||cc|cc
dcv+||+sc+dc|+s|odut|v+st+|scomo++utomot|v++d+const|uioc|v||+dcbcnsdcc+|t+|dcnt|c
out|+s^dcm+|s+tu+|mcntc+s|dc|u|g|+v|vcnc|+out|oontodc|n||cxiocm|+ccd+|ctom+d+d+
+m||+io+cc|c|+d+d+c++c|d+dc|nst+|+d+|m.o+o-.o++|nc|us|vcdu+snov+sus|n+ss|dc|u|g|c+s
dcg|+ndco|tccnt|+|iocmoc|+iono+|suc|+dosos|m+ctosd+c||sccconom|co-||n+ncc||+
mund|+|dc.oosnovos|o,ctoscomc+m+s+||do+c||+t+-sc+ss|mdcummomcntooo|tu-
no+|++v+||+|+sc|scct|v+sdoscto|bcmcomo|oo|d||ct||zcsc|ccomcnd+ocs
|ncstccontcxtoucoCcnt|odcCcstioc|studos|st|+tcg|cos(CC||)+|cscnt+os|csu|t+dos
||n+|sdo|studo||oscct|vodocto||dc|u|g|co.o+o-.o.,(||)|stc|o|um+|n|c|+t|v+do
|o|um dc Comct|t|v|d+dc do ||n|stc||o do |cscnvo|v|mcnto |ndust||+ c Comc|c|o |xtc||o|
(|||C)cdo||n|stc||od+C|cnc|+cccno|og|+(|C)O||cstcvc+c+|godoCC||c|o|dc-
scnvo|v|docm+|cc||+d||ct+com+^ssoc|+io||+s||c||+dc|+tc||+|s|ct+|u|g|+c||nc|+io
(^||)co|nst|tuto^o||+s||(|^||)
|m com|tc dc coo|dcn+io do || tcvc + +|t|c|+io d+s scgu|ntcs |nst|tu|ocs c cm|cs+s
^gcnc|+||+s||c||+dc|cscnvo|v|mcnto|ndust||+|(^|||)^||^osV|||+|cs^|cc|o|||tt+||+nco
|+c|on+|dc|cscnvo|v|mcnto|conom|cococ|+|(||||)CC||C|||n+nc|+do|+dc|studos
c||o,ctos(||nc)Cc|d+u|^|||nst|tuto||+s||c||odc||nc|+io(|b|+m)|||C||n|stc||odc||-
n+sc|nc|g|+(|||)+m+|co|s|m|n+sV+|ou|cc-|+nncsm+nnV|||+|cs|ct+|scVoto|+nt|m^
+m|++|t|c|+iodc|nst|tu|ocsdcgovc|nodccm|cs+scd+comun|d+dc+c+dcm|c+con|c|c
con|o|m|d+dcscxcct+t|v+sd+soc|cd+dcu+nto+od|+gnost|cocs|oos|ocsdo||
8
Oob,ct|vodcstcdocumcnto||n+||st|codo||codc+|cscnt+|umcon,untodc+ocscst|u-
tu|+ntcsucdcvcmcst+||cscntcsno|utu|od+s|dc|u|g|+b|+s||c||+|+|+|sto|o|+mc|+bo|+-
d+s|n|c|+|mcntc.,not+stccn|c+s|mscgu|d+cmumg|+ndccs|o|odcs|stcm+t|z+io|o|+m
con|ccc|on+dosdo|sdocumcntos|oos|t|vosscndoum|c|+t|vos|ccomcnd+ocso||t|co-
|nst|tuc|on+|s c out|o s |ccomcnd+ocs +|+ + |nov+io tccno|og|c+ +|s |oos|ocs |o|+m
d|scut|d+scms|mos|osco||c|n+sc+go|++osc||odosdc|c||cxiocdcb+tcs+|+scudcsdo-
b|+mcntocmum++gcnd+tccno|og|c+scto||+|o||cnt|cg+soc|cd+dc+s||nc|+|sconc|u-
socscomosubs|d|o|o|mu|+iodco||t|c+sub||c+scom+|c+nccno|o||zontcdc.o+o+.o+,
TEMAS TECNOLGICOS ABORDADOS NESTE TRABALHO
O|studo||oscct|vodocto||dc|u|g|co(||)ob,ct|vouconst|u||umcon,untodc+ocscs-
t|utu|+ntcsucdcvcmcst+||cscntcsno|utu|o(.o+o-.o.,)d+s|dc|u|g|+b|+s||c||+
O|||cunc.,not+stccn|c+so.|c|+to||os|oos|t|vos(umt|+zcndosubs|d|osdomb|to
o||t|co-|nst|tuc|on+| c out|o +cc|c+ d+s |nov+ocs tccno|og|c+s) c cstc c+dc|no s|ntcsc dc
todoocs|o|o
^u|c|c|+t+doocontcxto|ntc|n+c|on+|cn+c|on+|uc|und+mcnt+oscon,untosdc||nc|+|s
d||ct||zcssubs|d|+||+s+os|occssosdctom+d+dcdcc|sioscto||+|
Os scgu|ntcs tcm+s |o|+m |cdom|n+ntcs no cstudo m+tc||+-||m+ |cduio |c||no ||m+||o
||ngot+mcntoc|+m|n+iogcstio+mb|cnt+|
^s||nc|+|sd||ct||zcs+ont+d+s|o|+m
Minrio de ferro.|+|o|cs|nvcst|mcntoscm|oscciogco|og|c+cstudos+d|c|on+|s+|+
sc+d+t+|nov+|c+||d+dcd+s,+z|d+sdc|c||o
Carvo mineral e coqueria|c||o|con|cc|mcntod+s|csc|v+sb|+s||c||+sdcc+|viom|-
nc|+|+|+ouson+c+dc|+s|dc|u|g|c+csu|s+su+nto+ousodcc+|viom|nc|+|n+c|on+|
cdocoucvc|dcdcct|o|co
Carvo vegetal.|x+nsiod+b+sco|cst+||ontcs+|tc|n+t|v+sdcb|om+ss+mc||o||+do
dcscmcn|otccn|co-+mb|cnt+|
Pelotizao e sinterizao. |c||o||+ do dcscmcn|o tccn|co-+mb|cnt+| d+s |+nt+s cm
oc|+iodcscnvo|v|mcntodctccno|og|+scscc|c+s
Alto-forno a coque.|+|o|+|t|cu|+iocm|cs+;govc|no;+c+dcm|+c|og|+m+dcv|g||n-
c|+tccno|og|c++doiodc|nov+ocs|nc|cmcnt+|s
Alto-forno a carvo vegetal.^|tc|+iod+s|cg|s|+ocs|cdc|+|ccst+du+|sn+nc|+mcnto
+|+ + const|uio dc us|n+s |ntcg|+d+s + c+|vio vcgct+| mc||o||+ do dcscmcn|o
tccn|co-+mb|cnt+|
10
Reduo direta. |nvcst|g+io+cc|c+d+v|+b|||d+dcdc|m|+nt+|modu|osdc|cduiod|-
|ct+ no +|s |og|+m+ dc v|g||nc|+ tccno|og|c+ +|+ |cduio d||ct+ c +|+ os |occssos
cmc|gcntcsdc|cduio+o|o+om+|o|dcscnvo|v|mcntotccno|og|cocm+|t|cu|+|+|+
tccno|og|+sccno|cdc|ntc||c||o
Aciaria LD. |c||o||+ do dcscmcn|o +mb|cnt+| dcscnvo|v|mcnto dc |nov+ocs
|nc|cmcnt+|s
Aciaria eltrica.|o|ncc|mcntodccnc|g|+c|ct||c++custoscomct|t|vosdcscnvo|v|mcnto
dcmodc|+mcntom+tcm+t|co+|+cont|o|cdo|occssod|nm|co
Produo direta do ao. ||og|+m+ dc v|g||nc|+ tccno|og|c+ dcscnvo|v|mcnto
c|cnt|co-tccno|og|co
Processos em lingotamento e laminao.^|o|und+mcntodocon|cc|mcntodctccno-
|og|+s+|nd+niod|sscm|n+d+sn+s|dc|u|g|+b|+s||c||+mc||o||+d+scond|ocsoc|+c|on+|s
d+stccno|og|+s,++dot+d+sc|+ss|dc|u|g|c+sb|+s||c||+s
Produtos.V|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+cm|c|+io+osnovos|odutoss|dc|u|g|cosc+|t|cu|+io
cnt|c+sus|n+ss|dc|u|g|c+scosconsum|do|cs+o|o+odcscnvo|v|mcntodc|odutoss|-
dc|u|g|cosdcm+|o|sost|c+iotccno|og|c+
Gesto ambiental. ^||mo|+mcnto dos modc|os dc gcstio cm|cs+||+| +|t|cu|+io go-
vc|no;soc|cd+dc;cm|cs+comdcn|iodc|o,ctos+mb|cnt+|s||o||t+||oscdc|cs+dos
|ntc|csscsscto||+|scmncgoc|+ocs|ntc|n+c|on+|s
Gesto de emisso atmosfrica. |st|mu|o+ousodoc+|viovcgct+|noscto|m+|o|con|c-
c|mcnto dc |og|cssos tccno|og|co uc c|m|t+m + |ct|+io d+s cm|ssocs +tmos|c||c+s
cmus|n+s|ntcg|+d+s+couc
Consumo de energia. ||m|nu|io do consumo dc cnc|g|+ c|+ |ndust||+ s|dc|u|g|c+
b|+s||c||+
Gesto de resduos e reciclagem.^c||c|o+mcntodoscs|o|os,+|c+||z+dosn+gcstiodc
|cs|duosc|cc|c|+gcmc
Gesto de recursos hdricos. ^c||c|o+mcntod+gcstiodc|ccu|sos||d||cos
11
TECHNLOGICAL THEMES COVERED IN THIS STUDY
|c||(||oscct|vctudyo|t|ctcc|ccto|)m+|ngo+||stos|ow+scto|st|uctu|+||n|t|+t|vcs
|o|t|c|utu|co|t|c||+z|||+nstcc||ndust|ycovc||ng.o+o-.o.,|tcons|stso|.,tcc|n|c+||co|ts
+ndtwo|ccommcnd+t|ons-onc|cg+|d|ngt|co||t|c+|+nd|nst|tut|on+||c+tu|cs+ndt|cot|c|
concc|n|ngtcc|no|og|c+||nnov+t|ons
|u|t|c|t|c||d|scusscst|c|ntc|n+t|on+|+ndn+t|on+|contcxts|o|t|cstcc||ndust|y|cscn-
t|nggu|dc||ncs+nd|ccommcnd+t|ons|o|t|c|o||ow|ng|ssucs|+wm+tc||+|s|cduct|on||m+|y
|c||n|ngcont|nuousc+st|ng|o|||ngm|||s+ndcnv||onmcnt+|m+n+gcmcnt
|c|||cy|ccommcnd+t|ons|o|t|c+bovcsub,ccts+|c
Iron ore||g|c||nvcstmcnts|o|gco|og|c+|su|vcy+dd|t|on+|stud|cstocst+b||s|tcc|n|c+|
|nnov+t|onsto+ttcndt|cncw||ono|cm|ncscond|t|ons
Coal and coking|cttc||now|cdgco|t|c||+z|||+nco+||csc|vcs+|m|ng+tt|cstcc||ndus-
t|y|csc+|c|ont|cut|||z+t|ono|domcst|cco+|+ndct|o|cumco|c
Charcoal|x+ns|ono|t|c|o|cstb+scsc+|c||o|+|tc|n+t|vcsou|ccso|b|om+ss|m|ovc-
mcnto|t|ctcc|n|c+|+ndcnv||onmcnt+|+scctso|t|cc|+||occsscs
Pelletizing and Sintering|n|+nccmcnto|t|ctcc|n|c+|+ndcnv||onmcnt+|c||o|m+ncc
o|t|c|+ntsdcvc|omcnto|scc|c+gg|omc|+t|ontcc|no|og|cs
Coke Blast-Furnace|cttc|+|t|cu|+t|on+mongcom+n|csgovc|nmcnt+|cnt|t|cs+ndun|-
vc|s|t|cs+ndtcc|no|og|c+|su|vc|||+nccmon|to||ngsc|cct|on+nd+bso|t|ono||nc|cmcn-
t+||nnov+t|ons
Charcoal Blast-Furnace|od|c+t|ono|t|c|cdc|+|+ndst+tc|cg|s|+t|onsn+nc|ngstud|cs
on c|+|co+|-|ntcg|+tcd stcc|wo||s |m|cmcnt+t|on |m|ovcmcnt |o| tcc|n|c+| +nd cnv|-
|onmcnt+|m|n|b|+st-|u|n+ccc||o|m+ncc
Direct Reduction |c+s|b|||ty stud|cs concc|n|ng t|c d||cct |cduct|on |occsscs |m|c-
mcnt+t|on|og|+mo|tcc|no|og|c+|su|vc|||+ncc|ocus|ngd||cct|cduct|on|occsscs+nd
cmc|g|ngtcc|no|og|cssuo|t||+z|||+ntcc|no|og|c+|dcvc|omcnts|n+|t|cu|+||cg+|-
d|ngt|cccno|cd+ndt|c|ntc||c||o|occsscs
12
Basic oxygen furnace (LD)|o|ts|o|cnv||onmcnt+||m+ctm|n|m|z+t|ondcvc|omcnt
o||nc|cmcnt+||nnov+t|ons|o|t|c|occss
Electric arc furnace (EAF)^v+||+b|||tyo|c|cct||cowc|+tcomct|t|vccostsdcvc|omcnt
o|m+t|cm+t|c+|modc|s|o|dyn+m|c|occsscont|o|
Direct steelmaking||og|+mo|tcc|no|og|c+|su|vc|||+nccsuo|ttosc|cnt|c-tcc|no|o-
g|c+||csc+|c|
Continuous casting and rolling processes|cvc|omcnto|m+t|cm+t|c+|modc|s|o||occss
s|mu|+t|on+ndcont|o||m|ovcmcnt|noc|+t|on+|c||o|m+ncco|t|ctcc|no|og|cs|nusc
Productscc|no|og|c+|su|vc|||+nccconcc|n|ngncwstcc||oducts+|t|cu|+t|onbctwccn
stcc|com+n|cs+ndconsumc|sn+nc|+|suo|ttot|cdcvc|omcnto|||g|mcc|+n|c+|-
mct+||u|g|c+|+ndc|cm|c+|c||o|m+nccstcc||oducts
Environment general issuesCcnc|+t|ono|sm+|tm+n+gcmcntmodc|s+|t|cu|+t|on+mong
govc|nmcntcommun|t|cs+ndcom+n|cs|o|t|cdcn|t|ono|cnv||onmcnt+||o,ccts+nd
o||c|cs|o|dc|cnd|ngt|csccto|s|ntc|csts|nt|c|ntc|n+t|on+|ncgot|+t|on|o|ums
Management of atmospheric emissions |nccnt|vc to t|c usc o| c|+|co+| +s |uc| +nd
t|c|mo-|cduct+nt +gcnt |n stcc|wo||s |csc+|c| +nd |c+s|b|||ty stud|cs t|+t +||ow +b+t|ng
+tmos|c||ccm|ss|ons+tco|cb+sc|ntcg|+tcdstcc||+nts
Energy consumption|cvc|omcnt+nd|m|cmcnt+t|ono|tcc|n|c+||nnov+t|onstodc-
c|c+sct|ccnc|gyconsumt|onbyt|c||+z|||+nstcc||ndust|y
Management of residues and recycling |o|ts to cn|+ncc t|c |ccovc|y |cduc|ng +nd
|ccyc||ng stcc| w+stcs |n gcnc|+| |m|ovc t|c m+n+gcmcnt tcc|n|ucs |o| |cs|ducs |+n-
d||ng|ccovc||ng+ndd|sos+|
Water management |m|ovcmcnt |n w+tc| t|c+tmcnt +nd |cc|+|m|ng |occsscs |o|
|ndust||+||cusc
13
INTRODUO
|cns+|cst|+tcg|c+mcntco|utu|odo+|s|cuc||nvcst|g+|v+||ostcm+s|nc|us|vcos|c|+c|on+dos
sc|scct|v+sd+|ndust||+dct|+ns|o|m+io|omb|todcst++s|dc|u|g|+vcmscndo|ot+-
gon|st+cmtc|mosdocs|o|odcmodc|n|z+iotccno|og|c+cd++doiod+smc||o|cs|+t|c+s
dcgc|cnc|+mcnto+mb|cnt+|
Osccn+||os+|++s|dc|u|g|+b|+s||c||+sio|condc|+ntcmcntcot|m|st+s|oontodcv|st+d+
o|c|t+v|s|umb|+-scumsubst+nc|+||nc|cmcntonio+cn+scm|uniodos|nvcst|mcntos|c+-
||z+dosc|+scm|cs+s,++tu+ntcsm+st+mbcmcomo|csu|t+dodcnovoscnt|+ntcsn+|ndus-
t||+|o|+dodoconsumo+sc|scct|v+sdcc|csc|mcntot+mbcmsiomu|toos|t|v+sum+vcz
uc+dcm+nd+domcst|c+dc|odutoss|dc|u|g|cosvcmscndo|mu|s|on+d+c|++m||+iod+
|cnd+d+ou|+iocd+cx+nsiodoc|cd|toc+|nd+c|o|cssu|g|mcntodc|ndust||+sconsu-
m|do|+sdc+ocomo+d+const|uion+v+|
|csu|t+dodcdo|s+nosdct|+b+||oo||ccomostoo|.,nov+stccn|c+sdo|s|c|+to||osdc
|ccomcnd+ocs(umvc|s+ndosob|c+scctoso||t|co-|nst|tuc|on+|scout|o+cc|c+d+s|nov+-
ocstccno|og|c+s)ccstc|c|+to||o-s|ntcscn+|o|m+dcc+dc|nocontcndosubs|d|os||o||t+||os
stom+d+sdcdcc|socsscto||+|s
|mdosdcsdob|+mcntos+|mc,+dosdo||csubs|d|+|+|++|o|mu|+iodco||t|c+sub||c+s
um+vczucs|ntct|z++s|oost+sdcd||ct||zcs+|+oscto|nos|ox|mos+,+nosContudoo
||niocum+ob|+d||cc|on+d++cn+s+osgovc|nos^ocont|+||oc|c|ctcndccont||bu||n+
c|+bo|+iodccst|+tcg|+scm|cs+||+|s+|+um+m+|o|+|ox|m+iodos|o,ctos+c+dcm|cos
+os|+nosd+|ndust||+c+ss|m+|+um+dcns+mcntod+|c|+iocnt|ccm|cs+un|vc|s|d+dc
ccnt|odccsu|s+nomb|tod+c+dc|+m|nc|o-mct+|u|g|c+
Com+ub||c+iodo|||ctcndc-sct+mbcmc|+m+|++tcnio+|++sbo+sc|scct|v+s
dc gc|+io dc cm|cgos n+ |ndust||+ s|dc|u|g|c+ b|+s||c||+ io csc|+dos como |csu|t+do d+
cx+nsiod+|oduiodc+ono+|sucsc,+mc||+doscnt|c,oc|om||novosostosdct|+-
14
b+||o+tc.o+,^m+|o|+|tcdcsscsnovoscm|cgoscx|g||+csso+su+||||c+d+s^tu+|mcntc
es/doc|ct|vo|o||od+ss|dc|u|g|c+s,+ossucmn|vc|mcd|ocout|os.o/on|vc|suc||o|
dc|o|m+io+c+dcm|c+|||c|to+c|cd|t+|uccstcsc|ccntu+|ssc,+m+tcm+|sc|cv+dosnouc
t+ngcsnov+scont|+t+ocs
^|nd+cm|c|+io+omc|c+dodct|+b+||o+cx+nsiod+s|dc|u|g|+b|+s||c||+|m||c+|+cons|-
dc|+vc|dcm+nd+o|cngcn|c||osComoscs+bct+|s|o||ss|on+|scont||bucm+|++|nov+io
comoconscucnc|+dcsu+voc+io+|++busc+dcso|uocsdcg+|g+|oscdc+|ovc|t+mcnto
dcoo|tun|d+dcs
Com+cconom|+b|+s||c||+c|csccndo+um||tmo+cc|c|+donos|ox|mos+noso||scod+csc+s-
sczdccngcn|c||ostcndc+sc|c|cv+do|m.oos+cn+s|;m||csso+sconc|u||+mg|+du+io
dccngcn|+||+no+|sdosu+|s+|ox|m+d+mcntc,em||nosc+mosd+m|nc|+iomct+|u|g|+
cmccn|c+|+t+-scdcumnumc|o|c|+t|v+mcntcb+|xo||nc|+|mcntc+osc|com+|+|com+
dcm+nd++tu+|c|utu|+o||ccu|sos|um+noso|+|tcd+c+dc|+m|nc|o-mct+|u|g|c+
|csscscnt|doc|cmcntc+ncccss|d+dcdcsc|n|c|+|odcb+tcsob|c+c||+ioc|c+t|v+iodc
cu|sos dc cngcn|+||+ dc m+tc||+|s c mct+|u|g|c+ dc t+| |o|m+ + +tcndc| +s |utu|+s dcm+nd+s
|+|+cstcc+modocon|cc|mcntocs+|ut+||omovc|um++v+||+iod+sg|+dcscu|||cu|+|cs
com + +|t|c|+io d+s cm|cs+s do govc|no c d+ +c+dcm|+ |cv+ndo-sc cm cont+ +s nov+s
comctcnc|+s |cuc||d+s no mc|c+do dc t|+b+||o cm gc|+| c c|+s com+n||+s m|nc|o-mc-
t+|u|g|c+scm+|t|cu|+||ocu|to|+zodcvc||+msc|c||+dosmcc+n|smosv|s+ndo+|+c|||t+|+
cnt|+d+dccngcn|c||oscst|+ngc||osno+|sbcmcomo|nst|umcntos+|+o+c||c|o+mcnto
docsso+|,+ocu+do
|stc documcnto tccn|co nio |o| c|+bo|+do +|+ sc| ||do +cn+s c|+ comun|d+dc s|dc|u|g|c+
|o|cmniocum+t+|c|+|+c||t|+duz||os|csu|t+dosco|ct|vosdcumcstudomu|t|-|nst|tuc|on+|
+|+oub||conio-cscc|+||z+docscc|+|mcntcu+nto+tc|mostccn|coscm|ng|cs|+|+tcnt+|
m|t|g+|t+|d|||cu|d+dcotou-sco|c|t+|osnomcsd+stccno|og|+scmo|tugucsscgu|doc|+
su+dcnom|n+iocm|ng|csc+|nd+c|+s|g|+cm|ng|csucn+m+|o||+d+svczcsc+|o|m+c|+
u+|c|+cm+|scon|cc|d+
|cs out|+s |cocu+ocs no|tc+|+m + c|+bo|+io dcstc documcnto ||mc||o c+d+ scio |o|
scgmcnt+d+cmcontcxto|ntc|n+c|on+|contcxton+c|on+|d||ct||zcsc|ccomcnd+ocscom+
cxcct+t|v+dcuc|sto|+c|||tc+|c|tu|+scgundooC|(n+tc|cc||+c++)c|m|tc+ccssosno-
15
t+stccn|c+so||g|n+|sucsc|v||+mdcsuo|tc+cstctcxtocn+su+|sconst+m+s|c|c|cnc|+s
b|b||og|+||c+sconsu|t+d+sc|oscscc|+||st+sdcc+d+tcm+tc|cc||o+s|ccomcnd+ocs|o|mu-
|+d+s +o |ongo d+ c|+bo|+io do || cm gc|+| dc c+|+tc| m+|s cscc|||co |o|+m +g|ut|n+d+s
cmd||ct||zcs
|stcc+dc|nocons|stcdcsc|sc+|tu|osOsu+t|o||mc||osscgucm+o|dcmdo|occsso|o-
dut|vos|dc|u|g|co+s+bc|m+tc||+-||m+|cduio(cu,ocu|+mcntom+|scon|cc|doco+|to-
|o|no)|c||no||m+||o(+c|+||+)||ngot+mcntoc|+m|n+io(m+|s|c|+c|on+do+os|odutoscomo
vc|g+||ocscc|++s)Ou|ntoc+|tu|ocdcd|c+dogcstio+mb|cnt+|umtcm+ucc|+ss+
tod+s+s+t|v|d+dcsdcum+us|n+s|dc|u|g|c+Oscxtoc+|tu|oco||csondc+um+|c+|cscnt+-
iod+sd||ct||zcsc|ccomcnd+ocsuc+ss+m+sc||c|+c|on+d+s+osconcc|tosdccomct|t|-
v|d+dcs|stcm|c+ccst|utu|+|bcmcomo+os|og|+m+stccno|og|cossugc||dos
16
17
CAPTULO 1
MATRIAS-PRIMAS
1.1 Rotas tecnolgicas
Contexto internacional
|x|stcmdu+s|ot+stccno|og|c+s|cdom|n+ntcsn+|ndust||+s|dc|u|g|c+mund|+|
^sus|n+s|ntcg|+d+s+couc
^sus|n+sscm|-|ntcg|+d+s
|+sus|n+s|ntcg|+d+s+couc(||gu|+++)+s+|c+sdct|+ns|o|m+ocsdom|nc||odc|c||ocdo
+ocncont|+m-sc|cscntcscmum+un|c+un|d+dc|ndust||+|^ss|m+|t|ndo-scdom|nc||odc
|c||o(oudcscus|odutoss|ntc|cc|ot+)coucc|undcntcsc|cg+-sc+o|c||o-gus+ucos-
tc||o|mcntccconvc|t|docm+o^ost|+ns|o|m+iomccn|c+(|+m|n+io)o+occomc|-
c|+||z+donomc|c+dosob+|o|m+dc|odutos|+nos(c|++scbob|n+s)c|ongos(vc|g+||ocs
b+||+scc|||s)^ss|mum+us|n+|ntcg|+d++coucct||c+mcntccomost+dct|csct++s
|cduio(cu,oob,ct|voc+|+b||c+iodo|c||o-gus+)
|cno(|oduioc|cs|||+mcntodo+o)
|+ns|o|m+iomccn|c+(|odutoss|dc|u|g|cosdcst|n+doscomc|c|+||z+io)
18
Carvo
Mineral
Coque
Pelota
Minrio
de Ferro
rea de Reno
Secundrio
Ao
Meio Ambiente
CO2
rea de
Transformao
Mecnica
Produto
Escria
Ferro
Gusa
rea de Reduo
Snter
Fundentes
Fundentes
Ferro-Liga
Escria
Oxignio
rea de Reno
Gs
Co-Gerao
Figura 1.1: Us|n+s |ntcg:+o+s + couc
^sus|n+sscm|-|ntcg|+d+snioossucm+ct++dc|cduio(||gu|++.)|o|t+ntot|+t+-scdcum
|occssom+|scom+cto|+zioc|+u+|c|+ssiousu+|mcntcc|+m+d+sdcminimills^s+c|+||+s
sio+||mcnt+d+s||nc|+|mcntccomsuc+t+|c||os+ccmmcno||ntcns|d+dco||c||o-gus+c
|c-|cduz|dos(|c||od||ct+mcntc|cduz|dodirect reduced iron|||c|c||ob||uct+do+ucntc
hot briquetted iron|||)|csum|d+mcntc+us|n+scm|-|ntcg|+d+cons|stcd+s+|c+sdc|c||noc
dct|+ns|o|m+iomccn|c+
rea de Reno
Secundrio
Ao
Meio Ambiente
CO2
rea de
Transformao
Mecnica
Produto
Fundentes
Ferro-Liga
Escria
Oxignio
Sucata
Pr-Reduzido
rea de Reno
Gs
Co-Gerao
Figura 1.2: Us|n+s scm|-|ntcg:+o+s
19
|x|stcum+tc|cc||+|ot+tccno|og|c+cu,+d||usiocm+|s|cduz|d+cmtc|mosmund|+|s|+t+-sc
d+us|n+|ntcg|+d+|cduiod||ct+(||)ucossu|+st|cs+|c+s|odut|v+s|cduio|c||noc
t|+ns|o|m+iomccn|c+||++|cscnt+du+s|mo|t+ntcsd||c|cn+scm|c|+iosus|n+s|ntc-
g|+d+s+couc|||mc||on+ct++dc|cduio+o|nvcsdcs|ntc||z+iocouc||+c+|to-|o|noc|+
ut|||z+modu|osdc|cduiod||ct+cgundon+|+scdc|c||nocmvczdc+c|+||+b+s|c++ox|gcn|o
c|+|+zusodc+c|+||+c|ct||c++|stccno|og|+sc|iocx+m|n+d+snosc+|tu|os.c,
Contexto nacional
O+|ucs|dc|u|g|cob|+s||c||ocb+st+ntcd|vc|s|||c+donouct+ngcscon||gu|+ocs|odu-
t|v+sossu|ndoosscgu|ntcst|osdcus|n+s|ntcg|+d++coucscm|-|ntcg|+d+|ntcg|+d+|c-
duiod||ct+|ntcg|+d++c+|viovcgct+|c|oduto||ndccndcntcdc|c||o-gus+b+scdc+|to-
|o|no+c+|viovcgct+|
|css+|tc-scucousodoc+|viovcgct+|como|cduto|(+o|nvcsdoc+|viom|nc|+|)cum+ccu-
||+||d+dcd+s|dc|u|g|+b|+s||c||+^||gu|++,+|cscnt++con||gu|+iocsucm+t|c+do|oduto|
|ndccndcntcdc|c||o-gus+(ogusc||o)||cnio|+b||c++om+s+cn+so|c||o-gus+cmg|+n-
dc+|tcd||cc|on+d++omc|c+docxtc|no
Carvo
Vegetal
Coque
Pelota
Minrio
de Ferro
Ao
Meio Ambiente
CO2
Escria
Ferro
Gusa
rea de Reduo
Snter Fundentes
Gs
Co-Gerao
Figura 1.3: |:oouto:cs |noc,cnocntcs oc |c::o-gus+
20
Como cst+ scio tcm + ||n+||d+dc dc +|cscnt+| dc |o|m+ s|m||||c+d+ os ||nc|+|s t|os dc
us|n+ss|dc|u|g|c+sd||c|cntcmcntcdo|cst+ntcdo|c|+to||oc|+niocontcmum+subsciocs-
cc|||c+|c|+t|v+sd||ct||zcsc|ccomcnd+ocs
1.2 Minrio de ferro
Contexto internacional
^m|nc|+iodc|c||ovcmcxc||mcnt+ndoum+cx+nsiosubst+nc|+|nosu|t|mos+nos||uto
d+g|+ndccsc+|+d+dc|oduiocdoconsumodc+onos+|scs+s|+t|coscmgc|+|cn+C||n+
cm+|t|cu|+|Oc|csc|mcntocxoncnc|+|d+cconom|+ncss+|cg|iovcm+c+||ct+ndoo|nc|c-
mcntod+dcm+nd+o||odutoss|dc|u|g|cos|st+t|+,cto||+vcmscndo|c|o|+d+c|oss|gn|||-
c+t|vos|nvcst|mcntosgovc|n+mcnt+|scm|n||+-cst|utu|+c|odcscnvo|v|mcntod+|ndust||+dc
bcnsdcc+|t+|(cu|+mcntos)cc|o|nc|cmcntodoconsumodcbcnsdu|+vc|s(+utomovc|sc
||n|+b|+nc+o|cxcm|o)cnt|cout|os|+to|cs
Om|nc||odc|c||oc+m+tc||+-||m+b+s|c+d+s|dc|u|g|+|csondcndoc|+sun|d+dcsmct+-
||c+s(|c)dc+||mcnt+iodos|c+to|csdc|cduiocomoo+|to-|o|nocomodu|odc|cduio
d||ct+ ||occss+do ncss+s |nst+|+ocs o m|nc||o d+ o||gcm +o |c||o ||m+||o |c||o-gus+ |||
c|||uct|+t+don+s+c|+||+sconvc|tc-sccm+o||mo|t+ntcsub||n|+|uc+suc+t+|c|-
|os+ tcm t+mbcm um |mo|t+ntc +c| n+ s|dc|u|g|+ o| mc|o d+ su+ ut|||z+io d||ct+ nos
|o|nosc|ct||cos++|co(electric arc furnace|^|)ccomocom|cmcntodcc+|g+nosconvc|so-
|csb+s|cos+ox|gcn|o|ocnt+nto+suc+t+|c||os+ossu|um+|c|cscnt+t|v|d+dcmcno|uc
+ do m|nc||o dc |c||o |csondcndo o| cc|c+ dc ,o/ do su||mcnto dc un|d+dcs dc |c||o
s|dc|u|g|+mund|+|
O m|nc||o dc |c||o c u+sc uc tot+|mcntc ut|||z+do n+ |ndust||+ s|dc|u|g|c+ (. ,;/) |cuc-
n+s +|cc|+s do mont+ntc dc |oduio sio dcst|n+d+s s |ndust||+s dc c|mcnto u|m|c+ ctc
^ ||gu|+ +| +|cscnt+ + |ntc|dccndcnc|+ d+ m|nc|+io dc |c||o c d+ s|dc|u|g|+ cm m+|s dc-
t+||cs |o| mc|o d+s oc|+ocs dc |+v|+ |+z-sc + cx|ot+io (+|ovc|t+mcnto cconom|co) do
m|nc||o d+ ,+z|d+ cnc+m|n|+ndo-sc o |oduto b|uto (comumcntc c|+m+do dc run of mine
|O|)+|+ot|+t+mcntooumcsmobcnc||c|+mcnto|ntiocstcm+tc||+|csubmct|do+um+
sc||cdcoc|+ocsdc||+gmcnt+ioc|+ss|||c+ioo|t+m+n|osconccnt|+iodcs+gu+mcnto
ctcv|s+ndo++dcu+-|ou|m|c+||s|c+cmct+|u|g|c+mcntc+o+tcnd|mcntod+scx|gcnc|+sdos
|occssoss|dc|u|g|cos
21
Jazida
Minerao
Granulados
sinterizao alto forno Conversor
Sinter
Rota Sinter. - AF - LD
Rota Reduo Direta
ferro-gusa
Finos
Pelotas
Siderurgia
Lavra
Tratamento Pelotizao
Transporte
Mercado Transocenico
Ao
Lquido
Forno eltrico
DRI/HBI
Reator
Reduo Direta
Figura 1.4: ^ m|nc:+io oc |c::o c + s|oc:u:g|+
Fonte: V+|c
|m +sccto mu|to |mo|t+ntc +|+ c+|+ctc||z+| os |odutos m|nc|+|s uc s+cm d+ us|n+ dc
t|+t+mcntoc+su+d|st||bu|iog|+nu|omct||c+|u|+ntcodcsmontc+|+v|++||+gmcnt+ioc
om+nusc|omu|tos||nossiogc|+dososu+|ssio|n+dcu+dos+ousod||ctonos|c+to|csdc
|cduio(+|to-|o|nocmodu|odc|cduiod||ct+)scndo+g|omc|+dos|cv|+mcntccm|+nt+s
dcs|ntc||z+ioouc|ot|z+io|cummodogc|+|os|odutosdcm|nc|+|sdc|c||ocm|unio
d+g|+nu|omct||+odcmsc|c|+ss|||c+doscmg|+nu|+do(oulump)||no+|+s|ntc||z+io(sinter
feed)c||no+|+c|ot|z+io(pellet feed)^|+|x+dct+m+n|odog|+nu|+docdce,+,+;mm
+dosinter feeddco+,+e,mmc+dopellet feed+b+|xodco+,mm
^m|nc|+iodc|c||oct+ntom+|scconom|c+u+ntom+|o|+|oo|iodcg|+nu|+do^u+||-
d+dcd+s|csc|v+sc,+z|mcntossiodctc|m|n+ntcsncssc+scctoOs|occssosdcconccnt|+ioc
+g|omc|+iosiodc+|tocustooc|+c|on+||cuc|cmg|+ndcsmont+ntcsdc|nvcst|mcntoc+c+|-
|ct+mcons|dc|+vc||m+cto+mb|cnt+|^|oduiodcsinter feedcpellet feedn+sm|n+s|m||c++
ncccss|d+dcdcsu+s|cv|+s+g|omc|+ocs+|+ucoss+msc|ut|||z+dosn+s|dc|u|g|+^sc+|g+s
22
mct+||c+st||c+sdos+|tos-|o|noscons|stcmdcg|+nu|+dos|ntc|(|+,omm)cc|ot+(s++smm)
|o|su+vcz+c+|g+dosmodu|osdc|cduiod||ct+contcm|+g|+nu|+docc|ot+(s++smm)
|||c|cntcsm|nc||osdc|c||odcv|dosv+||+d+sgcncscsossucm|o||cd+dcstot+|mcntcd|s-
t|nt+s c cm conscucnc|+ como|t+mcntos mu|to v+||+dos nio so n+s oc|+ocs dc |+v|+ c
bcnc||c|+mcntom+st+mbcmnos|c+to|csdos|occssoss|dc|u|g|cos|+mcsm+|o|m++g|o-
mc|+doscomo+sc|ot+s+|cscnt+mc+|+ctc||st|c+scdcscmcn|on+|cduiot+mbcmmu|-
to+|t|cu|+|cscv+||+dosdccndcndodot|odcc||ct|ccd|undcntcsg|+udcmo+gcmctc
ut|||z+dosn+su+|+b||c+ioCons|dc|+ndo+scv|dcnc|+sdcucosm|nc||osdc|c||oc+sc|o-
t+sossucm|dcnt|d+dc|o||+t+|s|odutosniodcvcmsc|c|+ss|||c+doscomocommod|t|cs
|omb|tomund|+|vc||||c+-sc+dcg|+d+iod+s|csc|v+scd+|oduiodcm|nc||og|+nu|+do
t+ntocmvo|umcu+ntocmu+||d+dc|m+,s,+|oduiomund|+|dcg|+nu|+do|o|dc+os
m|||ocsdctonc|+d+socu|v+|cntc+|,/domc|c+dot|+nsoccn|coc+.,/d+|oduioto-
t+|dcm|nc||odc|c||o|m.ooo+dcsc|todoc|csc|mcntocons|dc|+vc|d+|oduiog|ob+|dc
m|nc||odc|c||o+u+nt|d+dcdcg|+nu|+do,+|+v|+|ct|+|do+|+;;m|||ocs+ss+ndo+|c|c-
scnt+|+cn+s+,/domc|c+dot|+nsoccn|cocs/d+|oduiog|ob+|dom|nc||ou+nto
u+||d+dcconst+t+-scum+|cduio|og|css|v+n+|cs|stcnc|+cn+sc+|+ctc||st|c+su|m|c+sdos
m|nc||osg|+nu|+dosd|son|vc|snomc|c+dotco|cont|dodc|c||o(u+ntom+|o|mc||o|co
m|nc||o)+|um|n+c|os|o|o(u+ntom+|o||o|com|nc||o)
u+ndosc+n+||s+mosnovos|o,ctosdccm|cs+scst+bc|cc|d+scdcotcnc|+|scnt|+ntcsn+
m|nc|+iomund|+|dc|c||ovc||||c+-scucv+||oscm|ccnd|mcntostcndcm+gc|+|umvo|umc
c|csccntcdcpellet feedscndouccm+|gunsc+soscstct|odcm|nc||o|csondc|+c|+to-
t+||d+dcd+|utu|+|oduio|css+scond|ocsm+|o|cscustossc|io|nco|||dosdcv|do+m+|o|
|ntcns|d+dcdos|nvcst|mcntos(,;c++c|d+dc|nst+|+d+)cm+|o|com|cx|d+dcd+soc|+ocsdc
m|nc|+iocbcnc||c|+mcnto
^ c|ot|z+io dc m|nc||os dc |c||o vcm g+n|+ndo c+d+ vcz m+|s |mo|tnc|+ cm |unio dc
u+t|o|+to|cs||nc|+|s
+) +dcg|+d+iodosg|+nu|+dosvcmcst|mu|+ndoo|nc|cmcntodousod+sc|ot+sn+
c+|g+dos+|tos-|o|nos
b) +s|cst||ocs+mb|cnt+|scx+nsiod+s|ntc||z+io,+cmv|go|nos+|scsdcscnvo|v|-
dost+mbcmvcm|nduz|ndo+om+|o|consumodcc|ot+s
23
c) +m+|o|d||usiod+tccno|og|+dc|cduiod||ct+vcm+m||+ndo+dcm+nd+dcc|o-
t+s+|+cst++||c+iocscc|c+
d) +c|csccntcgc|+iodcpellet feedvcmconso||d+ndo+c|ot|z+iocomo+tccno|og|+
m+|s+dcu+d++|+ousodcstcm|nc||osuc|no
Contexto nacional
O||+s||ossu|+u|nt+m+|o||csc|v+dcm|nc||odc|c||odog|obocmtc|mosdc|c||ocont|do
|o|cmu+ndosc|cv+mcmcons|dc|+iooscont+m|n+ntcs+s|csc|v+sb|+s||c||+ss|tu+m-sccm
|ug+|dc+bso|utodcst+uccon||gu|+ndo-sccomo+sm+|su|+smund|+|mcntc|mtc|mosd+
s|dc|u|g|+b|+s||c||+b+sc+ndo-scn+dcm+nd+dcm|nc||odc|c||o+tu+|c|o,ct+d++ss|mcomo
n+s|csc|v+sdo+|sodc-sc+|||m+|uc+scm|cs+sdcsscscto|cst+|ioscgu|+su+nto+osu-
||mcntocmu+nt|d+dccu+||d+dccombcnc||c|os+|++su+comct|t|v|d+dc
O+|sc+|nd+umdosm+|o|cs|oduto|csdcm|nc||odc|c||odomundoniosocmu+nt|d+-
dccomot+mbcmcmu+||d+dc|mbo|++s|csc|v+sb|+s||c||+svcn|+m+umcnt+ndo+o|ongo
dotcmoc|mo|t+ntcdcst+c+|uccsscc|csc|mcntoc|c|+c|on+do+o|nc|cmcntod++|t|-
c|+io dos |t+b|||tos dc ||n+s Cc|+|s m+|s cscc|||c+mcntc do u+d|||+tc|o |c||||c|o |ov+s
csu|s+sgco|og|c+sniotcm|c|+t+dooco||cnc|+sdc|cm+t|t+com+ct+cmmont+ntc+|c-
c|+vc|^ocont|+||omu|toscstudostcmmost|+doucnovos,+z|mcntossc|iob+s|c+mcntcdc
|t+b|||toodcndogc|+|+tc+oo/dcpellet feednobcnc||c|+mcnto
|c|o|+ndoo+|gumcnto+s|cm+t|t+scstiocm|occssodccx+ustion+s|csc|v+scon|cc|d+s
dou+d|||+tc|o|c||||c|oco|conscgu|ntc|+vc|+csc+ssczdcg|+nu|+docm|utu|oniomu|-
tod|st+ntccndom+|sob|cscm|c||oos|t+b|||tosncccss|t+mdc|+nt+sm+|scom|cx+sdc
bcnc||c|+mcntocomct++sdcconccnt|+iom+|sso||st|c+d+sccommcno|cs|nd|ccsdc|ccu-
c|+iomct+||c+|o|utu|o|ox|mocx|stc+cxcct+t|v+dcucosm|nc||os|+v|+dostc|iotc-
o|csm+|sc|cv+dosdc|os|o|oc+|um|n+Ovo|umcdcm|nc||ou|t|+||not|opellet feedt+mbcm
+umcnt+|+||nc|+|mcntccm|uniodosnovos|o,ctos|c|o|+ndo+ncccss|d+dcdc|+nt+s
dcc|ot|z+io
Oconsumo|ntc|nodcm|nc||odc|c||oc|+s|dc|u|g|+cdccc|c+dc+,/d+u+nt|d+dc|odu-
z|d+no+|s|o|t+ntooscto|s|dc|u|g|con+c|on+|cst+|+su||donomcd|oc|ongo|+zocom
omc||o||odutod|son|vc|nomc|c+domund|+||ouct+ngc+os|cososcu|nc|cmcnto
tcmto|n+dov|+vc|sv+||os|ccu|sosm|nc|+|suc+ntc||o|mcntcc|+mcons|dc|+dos+nt|ccono-
m|cos|stoo|su+vcztcmcst|mu|+do+scom+n||+ss|dc|u|g|c+s+busc+|cm+uto-su||mcn-
24
to o| mc|o dc |ntcg|+io vc|t|c+| +ss+ndo + +du|||| m|n+s cx|stcntcs c;ou dcscnvo|vcndo
nov+sm|n+sdc|c||o
Diretrizes e recomendaes
^s|ccomcnd+ocsdcco||cm||nc|+|mcntcdo|+todcuc+cx+nsiod+|oduiodcm|nc-
||odc|c||ocst+scndo+ssoc|+d+cx|ot+iodcm|nc||osdc|o|u+||d+dc^ss|mdu+ssio+s
d||ct||zcs||nc|+|s
+) |+|o|cs |nvcst|mcntos cm |osccio gco|og|c+ v|s+ndo dcscobc|t+ dc |csc|v+s
com m+|o|cs o|ccnt+gcns dc g|+nu|+do c mcno|cs tco|cs dc |mu|cz+ cscc|+|-
mcntcdc|os|o|o
b) |studos+d|c|on+|s+|+sc+d+t+|nov+|c+||d+dcd+s,+z|d+sdc|c||ouc+ont+m
+|+ o csgot+mcnto dos g|+nu|+dos c um+ comos|io u|m|c+ dc |o| u+||d+dc
(||gu|++,)
Degradao das reservas e da
produo de minrio
granulado, tanto em volume,
quanto em qualidade.
Vrios empreendimentos
tendem a gerar um volume
crescente de pellet feed. os
minrios lavrados tero teores
mais elevados de fsforo.
1. Maiores investimentos em
prospeco geolgica, visando
descoberta de reservas com maiores
porcentagens de granulado e
menores teores de impureza
(especialmente de fsforo).
2. Estudos adicionais para se adaptar
nova realidade das jazidas de ferro.
Figura 1.5: ||nc:|o oc |c::o - s|tu+io +tu+| c o|:ct:|zcs
^||mc||+d||ct||z(+)nioossu|dcsdob|+mcntocm|ccomcnd+ocsm+|scscc|||c+s+scgun-
d+(b)cng|ob++sscgu|ntcs|ccomcnd+ocs
C||+|um+|+t+|o|m++|+odcscnvo|v|mcntodccstudoscmm|nc||odc|c||otcndo-sccm
cont+os+scctoscconom|cos+snov+stccno|og|+sc|occssos+d|m|nu|iodoconsumo
dccnc|g|+cos|m+ctos+mb|cnt+|s
25
|nccnt|v+|+m||+|cconso||d+|+s|ntcg|+ocss|dc|u|g|+;m|nc|+iocs|dc|u|g|+;m|nc|+io;
+c+dcm|+v|s+ndo+odcscnvo|v|mcntodcso|uocs+|+o+|ovc|t+mcntodcnosdcm|-
nc||odc|c||ocm|nc||oscomm+|o|cstco|csdc|mu|cz+scscc|+|mcntcdc|os|o|o
|nccnt|v+|cconso||d+|oscstudosdcgcomct+|u|g|+dosm|nc||osdc|c||ov|s+ndomcnsu-
|+iodosscusv+|o|csdcuso(v+|uc|nusc)
|st|mu|+|cstudos|und+mcnt+|s+cc|c+d+m|nc|+|og|+d++|um|n+cdo|os|o|onosm|nc||os
dc|c||oc+s|c+|soss|b|||d+dcsdcsu+cxt|+ioo||occssosdcconccnt|+iocm+|t|-
cu|+|+ot+io
^v+||+|o|mc|odccstudosdcc+|+ctc||z+iou|m|c+ootcnc|+|dc|m+cto+mb|cnt+|
dos d||c|cntcs m|nc||os dc |c||o b|+s||c||os (o| cxcm|o + |oduio dc d|ox|n+s no |o-
ccssodcs|ntc||z+io)
|nvcst|| nos cstudos dc bcncc|+mcnto dos |t+b|||tos c out|os m|nc||osdcmcno| tco| dc
|c||ocont|do
^d|scussiod+s|ccomcnd+ocscd||ct||zcs+|+o|occssodcc|ot|z+io|o||+mcntcd|to
sc|++|cscnt+d+n+scio.+
1.3 Carvo mineral
Contexto internacional
C+|vio c um+ |oc|+ scd|mcnt+| combust|vc| o||und+ dc m+tc||+ o|gn|c+ ^ |+v|+ dc c+|vio
odcsc|+ccu+bc|toousubtc||nc+con|o|mc+|o|und|d+dcd+c+m+d+dcc+|vio+sc|m|-
nc|+d+ O bcnc||c|+mcnto dos c+|vocs tcm o| ob,ct|vo |cduz|| o tco| dc m+tc||+ |no|gn|c+
(|o|m+do|+d+sc|nz+s)cdccnxo||c^|ox|m+d+mcntcso/d+s|csc|v+sdcc+|vocsnomundo
s|tu+m-scno|cm|s|c||o|o|tcOsm+|o|cs|oduto|cssioC||n+|st+dos|n|dos|uss|+c^us-
t|+||+scndocstcom+|o|cxo|t+do|mund|+|dcc+|vio
^||nc|+|ut|||z+iodcc+|vionomundocn+gc|+iodcc|ct||c|d+dccomumconsumo+nu+|
dc.,b|||ocsdctonc|+d+sOc+|vio+|+usos|dc|u|g|cocoscgundom+|o|mc|c+domund|+|
dcstc|odutocomumconsumo+nu+|suc||o|+eoom|||ocsdctonc|+d+s|cst+|ndust||+
+m+|o|+||c+iodoc+|vioc+|+|oduiodccouc+sc|cm|cg+dono+|to-|o|no|nt|c-
t+ntosomcntc+,/d+s|csc|v+smund|+|sdcc+|vioossucm+s|o||cd+dcs|cuc||d+s+|+
26
+couc|||c+iooc+s|on+ndoum+|tov+|o|dcstct|odcc+|vionomc|c+do|ntc|n+c|on+|Os
c+|vocsuc|o|m+mcoucsiodcnom|n+dosc+|vocscouc|||c+ntcs
|+|+o|occssodccouc|||c+iocncccss+||oucoc+|vioossu+|o||cd+dcscouc|||c+ntcs
|stocu+ndo+ucc|docm+uscnc|+dc+|c|cdcvc+mo|ccc||nc|+|+g|omc|+|c||n+|mcntc
so||d|||c+|n+|o|m+dcumso||doo|osoc||cocmc+|bonodc+|t+|cs|stcnc|+mccn|c+c|+-
m+docouc^csc+ssczdcc+|vocscouc|||c+vc|s|+zcomucscut|||zcum+m|stu|+dcv+||os
t|osdcc+|vocsc|+ss|||c+doscomob+|xomcd|oc+|tovo|+t||cu,osom+to||odcsu+s|o||c-
d+dcsoss|b|||t+|oduz||umcouc+dcu+do|+csco||+condc|+iodosc+|vocsos|+to|cs
cconom|cossioscm|c|cv+doscmcons|dc|+io
O |occsso dc couc|||c+io cons|stc cm um +ucc|mcnto dc c+|vocs couc|||c+vc|s cm
+uscnc|+ dc +| +tc cc|c+ dc ++oo g|+us Cc|s|us Oco||c cntio um+ dccomos|io tc|m|c+
uc d+ o||gcm +os |odutos vo|+tc|s c +o couc ^s b+tc||+s dc |o|nos dc couc d|v|dcm-
sccnt|c+uc|+succ|m|tcmounioo+|ovc|t+mcntodosco|odutos|cum|+don+s
couc||+s com |ccuc|+io dc co|odutos + m+tc||+ vo|+t|| ||bc|+d+ do c+|vio du|+ntc o
|occssodccouc|||c+iocco|ct+d++|+ostc||o|t|+t+mcnto|sscsco|odutos||u|dos
|occss+dos o||g|n+m um+ +m|+ v+||cd+dc dc |odutos u|m|cos comc|c|+||z+vc|s Os |c-
s|duos c os g+scs sio us+dos como combust|vc|s |c out|o n+s b+tc||+s dc couc scm |c-
cuc|+io (non-recovery) o g+s |cs|du+| c +||mcnt+do cm um+ c+|dc||+ dc |ccuc|+io dc
c+|o|convc|tcndoocxccssodcc+|o|c+cnc|g|+u|m|c+dog+scmv+o|+|+gc|+iodc
cnc|g|+ |m+ v+nt+gcm dcst+ tccno|og|+ c uc nio oco||cm v+z+mcntos dc u+nt|d+dcs
+|cc|+vc|sdccm|ssocs
|mscgundousodcc+|vion+s|dc|u|g|+d|z|csc|to|n,ciodcc+|viou|vc||z+do(pulverized
coal injection|C|)n+svcnt+nc||+sdo+|to-|o|nodct+||o|m++subst|tu||um++|tcdocouc
ncccss+||o+|++|oduiodc|c||o-gus+O|codcstcc+|viocnc|gct|coucnioossu|c+-
|+ctc||st|c+s+g|ut|n+ntcscmcno||cg|st|c-scuccstcc+|vioossu||cst||ocsu|m|c+s(c|nz+s
ccnxo||c)s|m||+|cs+odoc+|viocouc|||c+vc|
|m+ tc|cc||+ +||c+io |c|+c|on+-sc +o uso dcc+|vocsnio-couc|||c+vc|s m+|s b+|+tos como
|ontc dc cnc|g|+ c dc g+s |cduto| nos |occssos dc |cduio d||ct+ c dc |usio-|cduto|+ (bath
smelting)^sc+|+ctc||st|c+sdosc+|vocs(m+tc||+vo|+t||cc|nz+s)v+||+m+|+c+d+umdos|o-
ccssos|css+|tc-scuco|occssodc|cduiod||ct+com|cduto|so||doc|m|tc+ut|||z+iodc
c+|vocscom+|tostco|csdcc|nz+scvo|+tc|s
27
Contexto nacional
^|oduiob|+s||c||+dcc+|vioccu|v+|cntc+o+/dotot+|mund|+||o+|som+|o|consumo
dcc+|vioc,ust+mcntcn+|oduiodccoucdc+|to-|o|no|cvcsc|s+||cnt+douc+tu+|mcn-
tctodooc+|vio+|+usos|dc|u|g|coco||undodocxtc||o|tcndo+^ust|+||+como||nc|+|
|ontcdcsu||mcnto^s|mo|t+ocssuc|+m+,m|||ocsdctonc|+d+s+o+noOssc|sm|||ocs
dctonc|+d+sdcc+|vio|oduz|d+sno||+s||sio|cdom|n+ntcmcntcconsum|d+sn+gc|+io
dctc|moc|ct||c|d+dc
|+um+g|+ndc|ncc|tcz+u+ntos|csc|v+sc|ct|v+sdcc+|viom|nc|+|no||+s||dcv|doc+|cn-
c|+dcd+dosgco|og|cosucdcmonst|cm+vc|d+dc||+cxtcnsiod+s|csc|v+sb|+s||c||+sOsu|t|-
moscstudosdc|osccio|c+||z+dosc|oc|v|oCco|og|co||+s||c||o(C|||)n+|cg|iou|
d+t+mdo|n|c|od+dcc+d+dc+,so^s,+z|d+sb|+s||c||+scon|cc|d+sdcc+|vio|oc+||z+m-scn+
|cg|iou|scndouc;s/d+s|csc|v+scncont|+m-scno||oC|+ndcdou|scgu|doo|+nt+
C+t+||n+cmcnosdc+/no|+|+n+||+t|c+mcntctod++|oduiodcc+|viono||+s||ccm|c-
g+d++|++gc|+iodccnc|g|+c|ct||c+cmccnt|+|stc|m|c+sn+|cg|iou|
Osc+|vocsd+|cg|iou|siodcb+|xog|+udcc+|bon|||c+io(rank)dcnom|n+doscomc|c|+|-
mcntccomo+|tovo|+tc|scdcc|cv+dotco|dcc|nz+s(cc|c+dc,o/)ctco|v+||+vc|dccnxo||c
Oc+|viob|uto|O|ossu|+/dccnxo||cno||oC|+ndcdou||/cm+nt+C+t+||n+c;/no
|+|+n+|mgc|+|cstcm+tc||+|ossu|bcnc||c|+mcntod|||c||ccomb+|xo|cnd|mcnto
^+|t||dos+nos+,eo+tco+nodc+,,o+c+m+d+|+||o||+ncon+s|ox|m|d+dcsdcC||c|um+
(+nt+C+t+||n+)|o||+v|+d++|+|oduiodcc+|viomct+|u|g|co|m+,s,o|cxcm|oc|c-
g+|+m+sc||+v|+d+s.,m|||ocsdctonc|+d+sdcc+|vio|O|contcndo+|tostco|csdcc|nz+s
(eo/+e,/)cdccnxo||c(,/)bcmcomob+|xo|cnd|mcnto(,/)|nt|ct+ntocomo|+to|os|t|-
vot|n|+um++|t+||u|dcz^+|t|c|+iodoc+|viomct+|u|g|con+c|on+|n+m|stu|+dcc+|vocs
|cduz|u-sc+o|ongodotcmodc|o/+|+;/^||nc|+|c+us++|+csscdcc|csc|mo|o|+cs-
t+gn+iod+|oduio+o|cdo|do+t+m+|dcumm|||iodctonc|+d+so|+no
^|ntc||uionousodoc+|viom|nc|+|b|+s||c||ocouc|||c+vc|cm+,,o|o|um+dcco||cnc|+
d+ +|tc|+io dc o||t|c+s govc|n+mcnt+|s O |occsso dc ||bc|+||z+io cconom|c+ c dcs|cgu-
|+mcnt+io |n|c|+do no govc|no Co||o| contcm|ou o ||m d+ ob||g+to||cd+dc d+ com|+ do
c+|vion+c|on+|(uccust+v+u+scodob|odosc+|vocs|mo|t+dos)otc|m|nod+conccssio
dcsubs|d|os+ot|+nso|tcdcc+|vioc+d|m|nu|iodos|mostosdc|mo|t+iodcc+|vocs
28
^tu+|mcntc + |ctom+d+ d+s +t|v|d+dcs d+ cx|o|+io do c+|vio |+||o ||+nco cn||cnt+ do|s
cons|dc|+vc|sobst+cu|os
+) +|ox|m|d+dcdo||to|+|oucd|cu|t++obtcniod+s||ccn+s+mb|cnt+|s
b) +dcc|cnc|+n+|og|st|c+dct|+nso|tc+|++sus|n+ss|dc|u|g|c+s
|cvc-sct+mbcm|cco|d+|uccnt|co|n|c|od+dcc+d+dc+,;o+tco+nodc+,,o|o|oc|+d+
+|+nt+dc|cduiod||ct+dctccno|og|+|;||n+cntio^os||nos|||+t|n|(^||)|st+us|n+
|nst+|+d+no||oC|+ndcdou||o|||v+t|z+d+cm+,,.scndo+tu+|mcntcum+subs|d|+||+d+
Cc|d+u|n|c|+|mcntc|o||+v|+dooc+|viod+m|n+subtc||nc+dcC|+|uc+d+scdco|sod+
m|n++ccu+bc|todc|cc|c|oOc+|vio|O|comtco|dcc|nz+sdc,o/c|+bcnc||c|+dodc
t+||o|m++|csu|t+|numc+|vio|cduto|com,,/c|nz+sco;/dccnxo||cc+|+ctc||st|c+suc
s+t|s|+z|+m|cn+mcntc+scx|gcnc|+sdo|occssoc+|viot|ocnc|gct|cocnio-+g|ut|n+ntc||+
|o|+||mc||+|+nt+|ndust||+||;||nomundo+oc|+|comt+|t|odcc+|vioOsuccssodcs-
t+|nst+|+ionouct+ngc+ousodcc+|vocsdc+|totco|dcc|nz+s|nccnt|vou+|m|+nt+io
dcssc|occssocm+|scscomo+|nd|+c+^|||c+dou|^||nc|+|c+us+d+dcs+t|v+iod+
|+nt+|o|+b+|x+comct|t|v|d+dccm|uniod+cucn+csc+|+dc|oduio(eom||tonc|+d+s)
|c|o|m+s|m||+|scongcnc|cs|ntc|n+c|on+|s+sus|n+ss|dc|u|g|c+sb|+s||c||+scostum+mcm-
|cg+|m|stu|+scomost+sdcc+|vocsd||c|cntcs(b+|xomcd|oc+|tovo|+t||)uc+|cscnt+m
d|st|nt+s|o||cd+dcscouc|||c+ntcs^tcmc+dosd+dcc+d++ss+d+tod+s+scouc||+sc|+m
b+sc+d+sn+tccno|og|+dc|ccuc|+iodcco|odutosod+v|+cm.oo;+o|Couc||+ub+-
|ioco|ocoucmoc|+io+||mc||+couc||+non-recoverycmV|to||+(|s|||to+nto)
|o,coc+|viom|nc|+|cum|nsumo|mo|t+docmsu+tot+||d+dcc|+|ndust||+s|dc|u|g|c+b|+-
s||c||+t+nto+|++|oduiodccoucu+nto+|++|n,ciodc||nosnos+|tos-|o|nos^ss|mos
||ctcsm+||t|mos+v+||+ioc+mb|+|coscustosdc|ntc|n+ioscconst|tucmcmdcsv+nt+gcns
comct|t|v+s+|++ss|dc|u|g|c+sb|+s||c||+s|+|scscomo+|c|n|++^ust|+||+oC+n+d++^|||-
c+dou|c+|uss|+uctcmoc+|viom|nc|+|com|nc||odc|c||ocmu+nt|d+dcs+|cc|+vc|s
sio|mo|t+ntcscomct|do|csdo||+s||
^s|tu+iodcdccndcnc|+tot+|dcc+|vocs|mo|t+doso|+|tcd+s|dc|u|g|+b|+s||c||+odc
v||+sc|+|tc|+d+|mtc|mosd+dcm+nd+dcc+|vocstcmscobsc|v+doo|nc|cmcntod+t+x+
dc|n,ciodc||nosdcc+|viom|nc|+|snio-couc|||c+vc|snos+|tos-|o|nos|ouct+ngco|c|-
t+domcst|c+dcc+|vocscstudos|c|+t|vos+oc+|viom|nc|+|d+|cg|iou|tcmmost|+dosu+
v|+b|||d+dc +|+ o |occsso dc |n,cio c|+s vcnt+nc||+s ^dcm+|s tccn|c+s bcm-succd|d+s dc
29
m|t|g+iodos|m+ctos+mb|cnt+|svcmscndodcscnvo|v|d+sn+s+|c+sdc|+v|+dosc+|vocsdc
+nt+C+t+||n+|cvc-sct+mbcmmcnc|on+|uccx|stcmc|scct|v+s|c+|su+nto+o+umcnto
d+ |oduio dc couc vc|dc dc ct|o|co (CV|) dc b+|xo cnxo||c c|+s |c||n+||+s dc ct|o|co
|nst+|+d+sno+|s
Diretrizes e recomendaes
^s|ccomcnd+ocsdc||v+mdo|+toucdcsdc+,,ou+ndo|o||ntc||om|d++|oduiob|+s|-
|c||+dcc+|viom|nc|+|couc|||c+vc|+|ndust||+s|dc|u|g|c+v|vcnc|out|+ns|o|m+ocs|c|cv+ntcs
cm+|t|cu|+|cmtc|mosd+m+|o||n,ciodc||nosdcc+|vion+svcnt+nc||+sdos+|tos-|o|nos
^dcm+|sum+nov+oo|tun|d+dcdcco||cdo|nc|cmcntod+|oduiodcCV|no+|s
^s|ccomcnd+ocs(uct+mbcm+b|+ngcm+s+t|v|d+dcsdccouc||+)odcmsc|+g|u+d+scm
du+sd||ct||zcs||nc|+|s
+) Omc||o|con|cc|mcntod+s|csc|v+sb|+s||c||+sdcc+|viom|nc|+|+|+ouson+c+-
dc|+s|dc|u|g|c+|uzd+s|+t|c+s|ndust||+|s+tu+|s
b) Odcscnvo|v|mcntodccsu|s+su+nto+ousodcc+|viom|nc|+|n+c|on+|cdoco-
ucvc|dcdcct|o|coc|+scm|cs+s|ntcg|+ntcsd+c+dc|+s|dc|u|g|c+(||gu|++e)
Obrigao, at 1990, de
utilizao do carvo mineral
brasileiro (alto teor de cinzas e
de enxofre) onerava as
siderrgicas (pois seu custo era
praticamente o dobro dos
carves importados).
Importao atual de todos os
tipos de carves utilizados pela
indstria siderrgica brasileira
se constitui em desvantagem
competitiva.
1. Necessidade de melhor conheci-
mento das reservas brasileiras de
carvo mineral para o uso na
cadeia siderrgica.
2. Desenvolvimento de pesquisas
quanto ao uso de carvo mineral
nacional e do coque verde de
petrleo na cadeia siderrgica.
Figura 1.6: C+:vio ||nc:+| - s|tu+io +tu+| c o|:ct:|zcs
u+nto +o ||mc||o g|uo dc ||o||d+dcs |ccomcnd+-sc o dcscnvo|v|mcnto dc cstudos uc
c|m|t+mdc||n||d+m+nc||+m+|scom|ct+c|c+||st+oss|vc|csobosontosdcv|st+ccono-
30
m|co+mb|cnt+|soc|+|o||t|coctccno|og|coootcnc|+||c+|d+s|csc|v+sb|+s||c||+sdcc+|vio
m|nc|+|+|+ut|||z+ion+c+dc|+s|dc|u|g|c+|+|+|stoc|mo|t+ntc
^o|+|+s|nvcst|g+ocsdcc+|+tc|mu|t|-|nst|tuc|on+|(|o,cton+c|on+|)cng|ob+ndo+s+t|v|-
d+dcsdccsu|s+m|nc|+|t|+t+mcntosdcconccnt|+iocusosdoc+|vio
|nvcst||cmcstudosgco|og|cosv|s+ndodctc|m|n+ioscgu|+d+s|csc|v+s+tu+|sc+o|c+|
otcnc|+|c+|bon||c|odo+|s+|+uson+s|dc|u|g|+
^v+||+|+|++s|csc|v+scx|stcntcsc+|+ososs|vc|sotcnc|+|sos|m+ctos+mb|cnt+|so-
c|+|ccconom|cod+su+cx|o|+io
C+|+ctc||z+|oc+|viom|nc|+||o,c|+v|+docomoob,ct|vodcg+|+nt||odcscmcn|odo
scu uso cm d||c|cntcs |occssos d+ |ndust||+ s|dc|u|g|c+ (|oduio dc couc |n,cio dc
nosdcc+|vionos+|tos-|o|nos|cduiod||ct+nov+stccno|og|+sdc|usio-|cduto|+ctc)
|nvcst||n++tu+||z+iocn++m||+iod+|n||+cst|utu|+|+bo|+to||+|+|+dcscnvo|v|mcnto
dccstudoscomoc+|viom|nc|+|b|+s||c||o
|cscnvo|vc| +|+ os c+sos m+|s |om|sso|cs cstudos v|s+ndo conccnt|+io do c+|vio
m|nc|+| b|+s||c||o dc t+| |o|m+ + c|m|t|| + su+ +|t|c|+io n+ m+t||z dc tc|mo|cduto|cs
d+s|dc|u|g|+
|stud+|oc+|viom|nc|+|b|+s||c||osob+ot|c+dootcnc|+|dcv+|o|cso|cxcm|oc+|vio
+|++c+dc|+s|dc|u|g|c+|c|t|||z+ntcs++|t||d+sc|nz+sc|ccuc|+iodocnxo||c
|nu+nto+||mc||+d||ct||zcst+m+|s+ssoc|+d++t|v|d+dcm|nc|+||o||+mcntcd|t++scgun-
d+d|z|csc|to+ootcnc|+|usodoc+|viom|nc|+|cdoCV|c|+c+dc|+s|dc|u|g|c+|stiodc||-
n|d+s+sscgu|ntcs||o||d+dcs
^v+||+|+scxc||cnc|+smund|+|snot|+t+mcntodcc+|vocsnio-couc|c+vc|s
|nvcst|g+| + |c+| oss|b|||d+dc dc uso do c+|vio m|nc|+| n+c|on+| c do CV| como +d|t|vos
n+sm|stu|+sdcc+|vocs+|++scouc||+sbcmcomoscususosn+|o|m+dc|n,ciodcnos
nos+|tos-|o|nos
|cscnvo|vc|+|++s|tu+io+tu+|cstudos+cc|c+dc|ot+scconom|c+sdc|oduiodc+o
comc+|vocsnio-couc|c+vc|scomo|cduiod||ct+c|usio-|cduto|+
|csu|s+|+g+sc|c+iodoc+|viom|nc|+|n+c|on+|cm|c|toxocu|d|z+do+|++||c+ionos
v+||osc|osd+sc+dc|+sc|ot+ss|dc|u|g|c+s+|tc|n+t|v+scomo|cduiod||ct+c|usio-|cduto|+
31
|stud+| + oss|b|||d+dc dc cm|cgo do c+|vio m|nc|+| n+c|on+| c do CV| como m+tc||+|
c+|bonoso dc +d|io n+ |oduio dc c|ot+s vc|dcs c como combust|vc| nos |o|nos
dcc|ot|z+io
|nvcst|g+|ousodoc+|viom|nc|+|n+c|on+|cdoCV|como+gcntcs+uto|cduto|cscm+g|o-
mc|+dos+|||o|oduz|dosc|+stccno|og|+scmc|gcntcsn+c|on+|s
1.4 Carvo vegetal
Contexto nacional
Como,+mcnc|on+do+s|dc|u|g|++c+|viovcgct+|cum+ccu||+||d+dcd+|ndust||+s|dc|u|g|c+
b|+s||c||+|+zioc|+||c+|c,ud|c+d++|ntcniodcscd|scut||cst+tcm+t|c+|uzd+cxc||cn-
c|+|ntc|n+c|on+||c|+toos+|tos-|o|nos+c+|viovcgct+||c|cscnt+m+cn+s+/d+|oduio
mund|+|dc|c||o-gus+c.,/+,o/d+|oduiob|+s||c||+
|+vc|d+dcoc+|viovcgct+|sccnu+d|+numtcm+m+|s+m|oodoc+|viodcb|om+ss+|stc
com|ccndc+oss|b|||d+dcdc|oduiodcso||dosc+|bonosos++|t||d+dcsvo|+t|||z+iocm
+|t+tcmc|+tu|+dcu+|suc|m+tc||+|sdco||gcmvcgct+|t+|scomooc+|viodcg|+m|nc+s(c+-
|mc|c|+ntc)odcb+b+ucodc|c,c|tos+g||co|+s
|mbo|+cx|st+mus|n+s|ntcg|+d+s+c+|viovcgct+|no+|s+m+|o|+|cc|+do|c||o-gus+b|+s||c|-
|o|+b||c+do++|t||dcc+|viovcgct+|c|ovcn|cntcdosgusc||osucossucmm+|s+eo+|tos-
|o|nos^cx|stcnc|+dc|oduto|cs|ndccndcntcsdc|c||o-gus+b+scdc+|tos-|o|nos+c+|vio
vcgct+|no||+s||ucscconst|tu|cmummodc|odcncgoc|oun|conomb|tod+s|dc|u|g|+
mund|+|dcco||cdc+|guns|+to|cs
+) Custodcc+|t+|+o+|c+nccdccm|ccndcdo|csdccucnocmcd|oo|tc
b) ccno|og|+dc|cduios|m|cscdom|n+d+comcngcn|+||+cdct+||csdcdom|n|oub||co
c) ||occsso c++z dc ut|||z+| +|tc d+s |ontcs dc |c||o c c+|bono nio ncccss+||+mcntc
+dcu+d+s+osg|+ndcs+|tos-|o|nos(|cm+t|t|n|+cc+|viovcgct+|)
d) ||son|b|||d+dcdcm+tc||+||cn|osoo||undodc+bc|tu|+dc||ontc||+s+g||co|+s|cs|-
duosdco|cst+sdccc|u|osccdc|+nt|os
32
|m |c|+io + cstc u|t|mo |+to| const+t+-sc + d|son|b|||d+dc dc m+tc||+| |cn|oso +|+ |o-
duio dc c+|vio vcgct+| g+|+nt|ndo +ss|m o su||mcnto dcstc |nsumo +|+ os n|vc|s +tu+|s
dc|oduio
^oss|b|||d+dcdc|oduiodo|c||o-gus+costc||o|mcntcdo+o++|t||dousodoc+|vio
vcgct+|como|cduto|cum+oo|tun|d+dcun|c++|++s|dc|u|g|+b|+s||c||+|c|+tooconcc|to
dcc+|viovcgct+|co||csondc+odcum+m|n+dcc+|vio|cnov+vc|^dcm+|s+|oduiodc
c+|viovcgct+|gc|+co|odutoscu,+|ccuc|+iot|+zv+nt+gcnscconom|c+s+|+o|occssodc
c+|bon|z+iod+m+dc||+|cduz|ndoocustodc|oduio^||+sno|cc+n|smodc|cscnvo|v|-
mcnto||mo(|||)oc+|viovcgct+|+|cscnt+v+nt+gcnscomct|t|v+scm+|t|cu|+|nouc
concc|ncsmcno|cscm|ssocsdcCO.coss|b|||d+dcdcc|cd|todcc+|bono
^cx|stcnc|+dcc||t|c+sc|cssocscom|c|+ios||o|cst+s|+nt+d+sdcnom|n+d+sdcsc|tosvc|-
dcstcmsccon||gu|+domu|t+svczcscomoumobst+cu|o+o|nc|cmcntod+comct|t|v|d+dc
d+s|dc|u|g|++c+|viovcgct+|O|+toconc|ctocuco||+s||+|nd+niocx|o|+todoootcnc|+|
dc||o|cst+s|+nt+d+s+dcsc|todc
+) ^g|+ndcd|son|b|||d+dcdctc||+sdcg|+d+d+scdcb+|xov+|o|+|++g||cu|tu|+uc
odc||+msc|ut|||z+d+s+|+o|+nt|odco|cst+scnc|gct|c+s
b) ^cx|stcnc|+dc|cg|ocscons|dc|+d+s||v||cg|+d+ssoboontodcv|st+dc|nso|+ioc
dc|ntcns|d+dcdc|otoss|ntcsc
c) Ocon|cc|mcntob|o|og|cogcnct|coc+g|onom|co+cc|c+dccscc|csvcgct+|sbcm
+d+t+d+s+o+|scomoocuc+||to
^cs+|d+stccno|og|+sdcc+|bon|z+iocm|cto|t+,+cst+|cmdom|n+d+s+|nd+|cv+|cccmno
+|s|+t|c+sdc|+b||c+iodcc+|viodcb|om+ss+cm|o|nos|ud|mcnt+|csdcb+|xo|cnd|mcnto
cnc|gct|cocscmu+|uc|+|ovc|t+mcntodcco|odutos|odc-sc+|||m+|uc+c+|bon|z+io
d+ m+dc||+ +|+ |oduio dc c+|vio vcgct+| c um+ +t|v|d+dc |cdom|n+ntcmcntc cm|||c+
^|cmd|ssooss|stcm+sdcmcd|d+dcdcscmcn|odo|occssodcc+|bon|z+iocdccomc|c|+-
||z+iodos|odutos|cc|s+||+msc|+m||+dosc+dcu+dos+os+d|ocs|ntc|n+c|on+|s
|st|m+-scuc+tu+|mcntccc|c+dc,o/doc+|viovcgct+|c|oduz|dodcm+nc||+||cg+|no+|s
|stodcco||cdo|+todcucocustodoc+|viovcgct+||oduz|do++|t||do|c||o|cst+mcnto+|n-
d+c+|to|+scond|ocsno|m+|sdcmc|c+do|ntc|n+c|on+|ocustodcstcc+|viovcgct+|b+sc
dc||o|cst+s|+nt+d+ssuc|+odocouc
33
^|cmdos|ob|cm+s+ont+dosnioscvc||||c+um++iocoo|dcn+d+cnt|coscto||odut|vo
ogovc|noc+comun|d+dc+c+dcm|c+com+||n+||d+dcdcdcscnvo|vc|ootcnc|+|d+s|dc|u|g|+
+c+|viovcgct+|nouct+ngc+
+) C+|bon|z+io
b) |ccuc|+iodcco|odutosd+c+|bon|z+io
c) |studosdcout|+s|o|m+sdcb|om+ss+
Diretrizes e recomendaes
|omb|todo||otcm+c+|viovcgct+||o|umdosucm+|s|cccbcu|ccomcnd+ocs|sto
odcsc|com|ccnd|docomoums|n+|d+sd|||cu|d+dcs+sc|cmsuc|+d+s^sd||ct||zcsodcm
sc|+ss|m+nunc|+d+s
(d+)|x+nsiod+b+sco|cst+|
(d.)|c||o||+sdodcscmcn|otccn|co-+mb|cnt+||nc|us|vco|mc|odcmcc+n|z+io
(d,)|omcntos|ontcs+|tc|n+t|v+sdcb|om+ss+(||gu|++;)
O uso do carvo vegetal como
redutor uma oportunidade
nica para a siderurgia
brasileira, pois o conceito de
carvo vegetal corresponde ao
de uma mina de carvo
renovvel.
Predominncia de prticas de
frabricao de carvo de biomassa
em fornos de baixo rendimento e
energtico e sem aproveitamento
de subprodutos. Cerca de 50% do
carvo vegetal produzido de
maneira ilegal no pas.
1. Expanso da base orestal.
2. Melhorias do desempenho
tcnico-ambiental, inclusive
por meio de mecanizao.
3. Fomento s fonte3s alternati-
vas de biomassa.
||gu|++;C+:vio Vcgct+| - s|tu+io +tu+| c o|:ct:|zcs
34
|+|++cx+nsiod+b+sc||o|cst+|b|+s||c||+|ccomcnd+-sc
^o|+| csu|s+ +||c+d+ dc n+tu|cz+ mu|t|-|nst|tuc|on+| (|o,cto n+c|on+|) cnvo|vcndo o
dcscnvo|v|mcnto dc |+nt+ocs cnc|gct|c+s com |oco n+ |oduio dc c+|vio vcgct+| dc
|o|m++mb|cnt+|mcntcsustcnt+vc|
|c+||z+|cstudosgcocconom|coscd+|oc||m+t|cos+mb|cnt+|csoc|+|+|+dcn||+|c+scom
voc+iosustcnt+vc|+|+|oduiodcb|om+ss++|+cnc|g|+cs|dc|u|g|+|nc|us|vc|m|+nt+-
iodc+|c+scxc||mcnt+|s|cg|on+||z+d+s+|+|dcnt|c+ioc+c||c|o+mcntodccscc|cs
^c||c|o+||omcnt+|cm+nc,+|os|+nt|os,+cx|stcntcs+|+o+tcnd|mcntod+sdcm+nd+s
o|mud+sdcc|cv+d+|odut|v|d+dcm+ss|c+
|cscnvo|vc|c;ou+c||c|o+|oconcc|todcs|stcm+s+g|os||vo+sto||s+|+usosustcnt+do
dc cucnos c mcd|os |oduto|cs |u|+|s |oc+||z+dos cm |cg|ocs |ox|m+s dos ontos dc
consumodcm+dc||++|+cnc|g|+cs|dc|u|g|+
|+|++mc||o||+dodcscmcn|otccn|co-+mb|cnt+||ccomcnd+-sc
Const|u||+|+t+|o|m+b|om+ss+cc+|viovcgct+|com+sscgu|ntcsd||ct||zcs|og|+m+t|c+s
-|cscnvo|vc||occssoscont|nuos(+|+g|+ndcs|oduocs)ccmb+tc|+d+(+|+c-
ucn+s|oduocs)m+|scc|cntcsdcc+|bon|z+iodcb|om+ss+t+ntodoontodc
v|st+do|cnd|mcntou+ntodoconsumodccnc|g|+ccm|ssocs
- |stud+| nov+s cscc|cs (c|c|o cu|to c c|c|o |ongo) dc b|om+ss+ +|+ c+|bon|z+io
v|s+ndo+o+umcntodo|cnd|mcntocmc+|vio|cduiod++|c+|+nt+d+d|m|nu|io
dccustosmcno||m+cto+mb|cnt+|cm+|o||ccuc|+iodcco|odutos
- |cscnvo|vc| + m+t||z uc cnvo|vc cscc|c |occsso dc c+|bon|z+io |cnd|mcnto
cmc+|vio|cnd|mcntocmco|odutosc+||c+ion+|doc+|viovcgct+|
-|cscnvo|vc|c+bso|vc|tccno|og|+sdccont|o|cdccm|ssocsc|ccuc|+iocut|||z+-
iodcco|odutos
|nccnt|v+|ccst|mu|+|++m||+iodousodoc+|viovcgct+|n+c+dc|+s|dc|u|g|c+b|+-
s||c||+|nc|us|vccm|occssoscmc|gcntcs
|+x|m|z+|+|cc|c|+gcmdos|cs|duosdoc|c|o|ntcg|+dom+dc||+-+onomb|todoconcc|to
dcccoss|stcm+dcm+nu|+tu|+
||n+nc|+|csu|s+dcmon|to|+io|ns|tudob+|+nodcCO.
35
ubst|tu|| o s|stcm+ +tu+| dc un|d+dcs c|o s|stcm+ |ntc|n+c|on+| dc un|d+dcs (|) com +
ut|||z+iodocsosccodcb|om+ss++|+cob|+n+dct||butoscc||tc||osdcu+||d+dc+|+
oc+|viovcgct+|
|cscnvo|vc| m+u|n+s c cu|+mcntos uc |+c|||tcm + tot+| mcc+n|z+io ,us+ntc d+
o|cst+
|cscnvo|vc|m+u|n+sccu|+mcntos+|+co|tccdcsb+stcdc+|vo|csucm+x|m|zcm+
|ccuc|+iodc||+ocsn+sv|s+ndout|||z+ioostc||o|cm|o|m+scom+ct+d+scomo
|ontcdccnc|g|+dcnt|odos|stcm+|ntcg|+doo|cst+;s|dc|u|g|+
|dcnt|c+|dcscnvo|vc|c|omcnt+|ousodctccno|og|+sdcc+|bon|z+iouc
-^c||c|ocm+cc|cnc|+d+convc|siom+dc||+;c+|vios|dc|u|g|coc+|ccuc|+io
dcco|odutosvo|+tc|s+|+gc|+iodcc|ct||c|d+dc
-^c||c|ocm+|og|st|c+dct|+nso|tcd+m+dc||+cdoc+|viocco|odutos+|+o
mc|c+do|cduz|ndocustosdcm+nusc|oc|m+cto+mb|cnt+|
-|c|m|t+m+m||+|+|oduiodcc+|viovcgct+|dcu+||d+dc
|nccnt|v+|csu|s+sob|cos|occssosdcc+|bon|z+iosob|cssio
|cscnvo|vc||dcnt|c+|c+d+t+||occssosdcscc+gcmn+tu|+|c|o|+d+o|cxcm|ouso
dcg+scsdccx+ustiod+c+|bon|z+io(|cv|+mcntct|+t+dos)+|+|cduz||+c|d+dc|cnd|-
mcntog|+v|mct||con+c+|bon|z+io
|oucconcc|ncs|ontcs+|tc|n+t|v+sdcb|om+ss+|ccomcnd+-sc
|nvcst||n+gc|+iodccon|cc|mcntoc|cnt|cosob|cb|om+ss++|+cnc|g|+
|c+v+||+|doontodcv|st+tccn|co-cconom|co+stccno|og|+sn+c|on+|sdc|+b||c+iodos
c+|vocsvcgct+|dcc+|mc|c|+ntccdob+b+ucscusdcsdob|+mcntos+,us+ntc(b||uct+-
gcmc+|+ctc||z+ocsusoscomonosc+|ovc|t+mcntodcco|odutos)
C||+|||n|+sdc|omcnto+|+|nvcst|g+ocssob|c+c+|bon|z+iodc|c,c|tos+g||co|+scscus
usosn+s|dc|u|g|+n+sct++s|cduioc|cno
37
CAPTULO 2
REDUO
2.1 Pelotizao e sinterizao
Contexto internacional
Como mcnc|on+do + |oduio dc m|nc||o dc |c||o gc|+ t|cs |odutos b+s|cos g|+nu|+do
(lump) ||nos +|+ s|ntc||z+io (sinter feed) c ||nos +|+ c|ot|z+io (pellet feed) O sinter feed
const|tu|-sc+tu+|mcntcn+c+|g+mct+||c+m+|s|mo|t+ntc+|++s|dc|u|g|+||cc+g|omc|+do
cm|+nt+sdcs|ntc||z+iogc|+ndoos|ntc|uc+||mcnt+os+|tos-|o|nosOs|ntc|cum|odu-
toucsc||+gmcnt+|+c||mcntcnio|cs|st|ndo+om+nusc|oct|+nso|tc+|s+ocsodc||+m
dcg|+d+-|ogc|+ndo||nos|ndcsc,+vc|s+|+o+|to-|o|no|o|css+s|+zocs+s|+nt+sdcs|ntc||z+-
io|cdom|n+ntcmcntccstio|oc+||z+d+sdcnt|od+sus|n+ss|dc|u|g|c+s
O pellet feed c +g|omc|+do n+s c|ot|z+ocs gc|+ndo +s c|ot+s +|+ +|to-|o|no c +s c|ot+s
+|+ |cduio d||ct+ ^s c|ot+s const|tucm-sc num m+tc||+| m+|s |cs|stcntc +o m+nusc|o do
ucog|+nu|+docos|ntc|Out|+v+nt+gcmc+|cscnt+|+|ton|vc|dcu+||d+dcu|m|co-||s|co-
mct+|u|g|c+|o|+,ustcsno|occsso|odut|vocoss|vc||oduz|-|+scom+m|+v+||cd+dcdc
comos|io u|m|c+ v+||+ndo-sc o| cxcm|o os tco|cs dc s|||c+ c dc +|um|n+ g+ng+ b+s|c+
(ox|dodcc+|c|o+ox|dodcm+gncs|o)cc|cmcntosdc|ctc||os(|os|o|ocnxo||cv+n+d|ot|tn|o
c|umbo c c|o|o) |mbo|+ +s c|ot|z+ocs oss+m sc |oc+||z+| dcnt|o com|cxos s|dc|u|g|cos
usu+|mcntcc|+sscs|tu+m|o|+do+mb|cntcd+ss|dc|u|g|c+sComoos|nvcst|mcntoscm|+nt+s
dcc|ot|z+iosiodcg|+ndcmont++sm|nc|+do|+stcm+ssum|docss++t|v|d+dccdom|n+do
omc|c+domund|+|dcc|ot+s
^c|ot+cum|odutodc+|t+|cs|stcnc|+mccn|c+comm+|o|tco|dc|c||odoucoss|ntc|cs
^c|ot|z+iocum|occssom+|scom|cxodouc+s|ntc||z+io+|+o+|ovc|t+mcntodc
||nos|mbo|+oss+sc|us+d+cm+|tos-|o|nos+c|ot+c+m+tc||+-||m+|c|c|cnc|+|dos|o-
ccssos dc |cduio d||ct+ gc|+ndo |c-|cduz|do (||| c;ou |||) ostc||o|mcntc t|+ns|o|m+do
cm+onos|o|nosc|ct||cos++|co
38
Como,++bo|d+don+scio+.const+t+-sc+tcndcnc|+dc+umcntodos||nosn+s|+v|+sdcm|-
nc||osdc|c||oouctcndc+cst|mu|+|+|oduiodcc|ot+s+||occssotcndc+sc||c|o|+-
doc|+s|cst||ocs+m||+iod+s+t|v|d+dcsdcs|ntc||z+iocm|+ccd+|oduiodcd|ox|n+s
|oc+sod+|n|io|u|oc|+vc||||c+-sc|nc|us|vc+t|+,cto||+dcd|m|nu|iodonumc|odcs|ntc-
||z+ocs|css+|tc-scuc+cm|ssiomcd|+dcCO.n+sc|ot|z+ocs(+oo|g;tonc|+d+dcc|ot+)
cbcm|n|c||o|+osv+|o|cscont+b|||z+dosn+ss|ntc||z+ocs(.,o|g;tonc|+d+dcs|ntc|)^ss|m
csc|+-scucnov+stccno|og|+sdc+g|omc|+io+|tc|n+t|v+ss|+nt+sdcs|ntc||z+io(cmcs-
moc|ot|z+io)vcn|+m+sc|dcscnvo|v|d+s
|nu+nto+s|nov+ocs|+d|c+|snioscto|n+mv|+vc|sc|ccbc-scumcs|o|o|mo|t+ntcnoto-
c+ntcs|nov+ocs|nc|cmcnt+|st+|scomo
|ntc|csb+s|cos+uto|undcntcscdc+|t+|cdut|b|||d+dc
||n|s|ntc||z+ocscont|nu+s
|c|ot+sb+s|c+scomox|dodcm+gncs|o
|c|ot+s|cduiod||ct+comco|+gcmc|nc|+mcnto+d|ocs
||cns+dcc|||nd|os(rolling press)n+c|ot|z+io
^d|iodcc+|viocmc|ot+sc|u+s
|cc|c|+gcmo|+g|omc|+io+|||o
Contexto nacional, diretrizes e recomendaes
^cxc||cnc|+b|+s||c||+gu+|d+s|m||+||d+dc+o+d|iomund|+|cmtc|mosdc+g|omc|+ioo|s
+|cocu+io||nc|+|dcco||cdc
+) |cscont|nu|d+dcn+|oduiodcg|+nu|+dos|cv|st++|++|ox|m+dcc+d+
b) cndcnc|+dcm+|o|nu|+c|nc|cmcntodostco|csdc|os|o|oc+|um|n+cmdcos|tos
dc|c||odou+d|||+tc|o|c||||c|o
c) Cc|+io dc nos (tailings) c tcndcnc|+ + |oduz|| ||| ||o|o||co (uc sc |n+m+ cs-
ont+nc+mcntccmcont+tocomo+|)noc+sodosm|nc||osdcC+|+,+s
39
|cssccontcxtodu+ssio+sd||ct||zcs||nc|+|s
(d+)^mc||o||+dodcscmcn|otccn|co-+mb|cnt+|d+s|+nt+scmoc|+io
(d.)O|omcnto+odcscnvo|v|mcntodctccno|og|+scscc|c+s(||gu|+.+)
Diminuio da produo de
granulados e presso
ambiental contra sisterizaes
servem de estmulo
pelotizao.
Enquanto as inovaes radicais
em aglomerao de minrio
no se tornam viveis,
constatam-se algumas
inovaes incrementais.
1. Melhoria do desempenho
tcnico-ambiental das plantas
em operao.
2. Fomento ao desenvolvimento
de tecnologias especcas.
Figura 2.1: |c|ot|z+io c :|ntc:|z+io - s|tu+io +tu+| c o|:ct:|zcs
u+ntomc||o||+dodcscmcn|otccn|co-+mb|cnt+|d+s|+nt+scmoc|+io|ccomcnd+-sc
|cscnvo|vc|cstudoscomoob,ct|vodc+umcnt+|+cc|cnc|+cnc|gct|c+dos|occssosdc
c|ot|z+iocs|ntc||z+io
|cscnvo|vc|cstudosv|s+ndod|m|nu|ioc+ocont|o|cd+scm|ssocsnos|occssosdcc-
|ot|z+iocs|ntc||z+io
|cscnvo|vc|c|ot+scs|ntc|cscomm+|o|cstco|csdc|c||ov|s+ndod|m|nu|iod+scm|s-
socs+o|nc|cmcntod+|odut|v|d+dcc+omcno|consumodc|cduto|nos+|tos-|o|nosc
nosmodu|osdc|cduiod||ct+
|oucsc|c|c|c+odcscnvo|v|mcntodctccno|og|+scscc|||c+s|ccomcnd+-sc
^v+||+|dcscnvo|vc|c|m|+nt+|os|occssosdc+g|omc|+io+|||otcndo-sccmcont++s
tccno|og|+s+tu+|sc+scmc|gcntcsdc|cduio(ccno|cd|ntc||c||octc)
^o|+| os g|uos dc csu|s+ vo|t+dos +o cstudo c |oduio dc c|ot+s com cont+m|-
n+ntcs+utoux+dos
40
|omcnt+|cstudoscomv|st+s+o+c||c|o+mcntodosmcc+n|smosdcm|c|oc|ot|z+iodc
nosn+sm|stu|+s+|+s|ntc||z+io
^o|+| +s |nvcst|g+ocs ob,ct|v+ndo + subst|tu|io dc +|t|cu|+dos dc couc o| nos dc
c+|viodcb|om+ss+sn+s|ntc||z+io
|st|mu|+|+scsu|s+ssob|co+c||c|o+mcntodob|nom|ocsccu|+||t+;|occssodcc|ot|z+io
2.2 Alto-forno a coque
Contexto internacional
|mtc|mosd+|oduiomund|+|dc|c||o||m+||oos+|tos-|o|nos+coucsio|csons+vc|so|
cc|c+dc,,/+,|/dotot+|scndoscgu|doc|osmodu|osdc|cduiod||ct+(,/+e/)c+|tos-
|o|nos+c+|viovcgct+|(+/)^tccno|og|+dc|cduiodcm|nc||osdc|c||o(cscus+g|omc|+dos)
cm+|tos-|o|nos+coucc+v+n+d+cot|m|z+d+Osscusdcscnvo|v|mcntosn++tu+||d+dcsio
|nc|cmcnt+|snio+ss+ndodc+/+o+noOcst+do-d+-+|tcd+tccno|og|+dcusodos|cduto|cs
|ossc|scmu|tos+t|s|+to||onio|+vcndomu|tocs+o+|+g+n|os+d|c|on+|sdcc||c|cnc|+su-
c||o|cs++o/||cntc+osn|vc|s+tu+|s
|omb|tod+s|nov+ocs|nc|cmcnt+|scm+|tos-|o|nos+coucmc|cccmdcst+uc
O+umcntod+sc+m+n|+s(+c|m+dc.o+nos)cm|uniod+mc||o||+dos|cvcst|mcntos
|c||+t+||osdousodc+|nc|s(staves)cdocont|o|cdodcsg+stcdosc+d|n|os
^s|n,cocsdcc+|viog+sn+tu|+|o|co|+st|coscnt|cout|osc|+svcnt+nc||+sdos+|tos-
|o|nos(co-|n,cioc|C|)
O|nc|cmcntod+|odut|v|d+dccomodcco||cnc|+dc|nst|umcnt+ioc+utom+iocs|s-
tcm+dcd|st||bu|iodcc+|g+(tooscmconc;bell-less top)
O+|ovc|t+mcntocnc|gct|codog+sdctoo(co-gc|+io)
^g|+nu|+iodccsco||+(co|oduto)
|c||o||+oc|+c|on+|dos|cgcnc|+do|cs
Osnovoscon|cc|mcntos+dv|ndosdocongc|+mcntocd|sscc+iodos+|tos-|o|nos+co-
ucn+s|dc|u|g|+,+oncs+
|c||o||+nocont|o|cdcu+||d+dcdocoucc|nt|oduiodoconcc|todc||+ocsmcno|cs
dccouc(small coke)
41
Contexto nacional
^s|dc|u|g|+b|+s||c||+ocu+um|ug+|dcdcst+ucu+ntooc|+iodc+|tos-|o|nos+couc
|m dos +|tos-|o|nos d+ ^|cc|o|||tt+| ub+|io c |cco|d|st+ mund|+| cm c+m+n|+ |odut|v+
scm+|+||s+io+|+|c|o|m+Comoc|ccnt|oucmoc|+iocm+,s,csu+|c|o|m+cst+|cv|s-
t+somcntc+|+.o+.otcmodcc+m+n|+suc|+|+.,+nos
^sus|n+s|ntcg|+d+s+coucno+|s|c|cscnt+mcc|c+dc;o/+;,/d+|oduios|dc|u|g|c+
b|+s||c||+cus+|tos-|o|nos|o|+m|o,ct+dos+|+um+m|stu|+dcc+|g+const|tu|d+||nc|+|-
mcntco|s|ntc|Como+scctoos|t|vocsscs|c+to|cssiooc|+doscomc|cv+dos|nd|ccsdc
t|+t+mcntoc|cc|c|+gcmdc|cs|duosccm|ssocsm|t|g+ndoos|m+ctos+mb|cnt+|s
|osu|t|mos+nosvc||||c+-sc+const|uiodcnovos+|tos-|o|nos+coucno+|sscm|cb+sc-
+doscmtccno|og|+c|o,ctos|mo|t+dos^dcm+|snioscobsc|v+u+|uc||og|+m+cst|+-
tcg|co+|+odom|n|od+stccno|og|+st|+ns|c||d+s(o|+bso|ioc+d+t+io)cconscucntc-
mcntcdc+utonom|+tccno|og|c+(gc|+io)
Diretrizes e recomendaes
^+|t||d+scons|dc|+ocso|studoconst+tou+ncccss|d+dcdcdu+sd||ct||zcs||nc|+|s
(d+)|+|o|+|t|cu|+iocm|cs+;govc|no;+c+dcm|+c|og|+m+dcv|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+
(d.)^doiodcmc||o||+s|nc|cmcnt+|s(||gu|+..)
A tecnologia de reduo de
minrios de ferro em
altos-fornos a coque
avanada e otimizada. Os seus
desenvolvimentos na
atualidade so incrementais.
Um alto-forno a coque
instalado no Brasil o
recordistas mundial de
campanha.
1. Maior articulao empresa/
governo/ academia e
programa de vigilncia
tecnolgica.
2. Adoo de melhorias
incrementais.
Figura 2.2: ^|to-|o:no + couc - s|tu+io +tu+| c o|:ct:|zcs
42
|oucd|z|csc|to||mc||+d||ct||z(|cum+mc||o|+|t|cu|+iocm|cs+;govc|no;+c+dcm|+
cum|og|+m+dcv|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+)dcst+c+m-sc+sscgu|ntcs|ccomcnd+ocs
||+bo|+|noconcc|todc|+t+|o|m+um|og|+m+scto||+|dcdcscnvo|v|mcnto+|+++|c+dc
|cduiouco|mc|od+|ntcg|+iocm|cs+;govc|no;+c+dcm|++bo|dc+sucstocs|c|+t|v+s
d|nm|c+ucv|go|+cnt|c+stccno|og|+s+tu+|scos+v+nostccno|og|cos(v|g||nc|+tccno|og|-
c+)cosm|nc||oscos|cduto|csd|son|vc|sno+|s
|nst+|+|coc|+|umobsc|v+to||odcd|mcnsioscto||+|+|+o+com+n|+mcntoc++v+||+io
dc|occssosctccno|og|+sdc|cduio
|omcnt+||nvcst|g+ocsc+v|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+|ntc|n+c|on+|+cc|c+d+scsu|s+s|nov+do|+s
dcc+tu|+ccstoc+gcmsubtc||nc+dcCO
.
(CO
.
capture and storageCC)
||omovc|csu|s+ssob|c+ut|||z+iodc+g|omc|+dos+uto-|cduto|csn+m|stu|+dcc+|g+dos
+|tos-|o|nos+couccm+ntc|v|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+sob|c+|oost+|nov+do|+do+|to-|o|no
suc|com+cto(super compact blast furnaceC||)
u+ntoscgund+d||ct||z(|c+doiodc|nov+ocs|nc|cmcnt+|s)+s||nc|+|s|ccomcnd+ocssio
^o|+|+s||n|+sdc|nvcst|g+iovo|t+d+smodc|+gcmm+tcm+t|c+c||s|c+do|occssodc
|oduiodc|c||o-gus+cm+|to-|o|no+couc
|omcnt+|ocstudodcmodc|+gcns+|++m||+iod+csc+|+(scale-up)vo|t+do+|+++bso|-
ioc++d+t+iod+tccno|og|+do+|to-|o|no
|nccnt|v+| +s csu|s+s |c|+t|v+s +o +umcnto do uso dc ||+ocs mcno|cs dc couc (small
coke)cd|m|nu|iodoconsumodc+gu+c+o|nc|cmcntod+u+nt|d+dcdcc|ot+sn+
c+|g+dos+|tos-|o|nos+couc
^o|+|osscto|csdc|nst|umcnt+iov|s+ndo+||c+ioc+odcscnvo|v|mcntodcsond+s
+|+ocont|o|cd|nm|codo|occssodo+|to-|o|no+couc
^o|+|+scsu|s+sc+s+t|v|d+dcsdcv|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+|c|+t|v++o|occssodc|cc|c|+gcm
dog+sdctoocdcoc|+ocscom+|tos|nd|ccsdccn||ucc|mcntodcox|gcn|onoso|o
C||+|||n|+sdc|omcntocmcsu|s+b+s|c+|oc+||z+d+n+ot|m|z+ioc|nct|c+d+sct++sdo
|occssodc|cduiodosm|nc||osdc|c||o(|cm+t|t|coscm+gnct|t|cos)b|+s||c||os|nsc||d+s
nocontcxtod+n+notccno|og|+
43
2.3 Alto-forno a carvo vegetal
Contexto nacional
O+|to-|o|no+c+|viovcgct+|cum+con||gu|+io|odut|v+t||c+mcntcn+c|on+|scndoucos
scusdcscnvo|v|mcntostcms|do|cntoscm|c|+iouc|cs+|c+n+dosc|o+|to-|o|no+couc
Ocst+do-d+-+|tcd+stccno|og|+sdcconvc|siodcb|om+ss+cmc+|vioc||m|t|voco||sso
ossu|umg|+ndcotcnc|+|dcg+n|ostccn|cos+mb|cnt+|sccconom|cos+sc|cm+|nd++u|c||-
dos|oc+sodosgusc||osv+|c+cn+|cco|d+|uc+|+os+d|ocst||cosd+|ndust||+s|dc|u|-
g|c+os|nvcst|mcntossio|c|+t|v+mcntcmodcstos
|c|o|+ndo o +|gumcnto cx|stc +m|o cs+o +|+ o dcscnvo|v|mcnto c o +c||c|o+mcnto
d+tccno|og|+dosm|n|+|tos-|o|nosdcso|tc++m||+|osscus+t+m+|csdccomct|t|v|d+dc
c sustcnt+b|||d+dc |o| cxcm|o ,+ cx|stcm tccno|og|+s c |+t|c+s oc|+c|on+|s uc g+|+ntcm
c|cv+dos |nd|ccs dc t|+t+mcnto c |ccuc|+io dos |cs|duos gc|+dos c|os +|tos-|o|nos + c+|-
viovcgct+|+mbcmsccncont|+mdcscnvo|v|doscd|son|vc|sno+|sun|d+dcscom+ct+s
dc s|ntc||z+io c s|stcm+s dc |n,cio +d+t+vc|s c+dc|+ |odut|v+ dos +|tos-|o|nos + c+|vio
vcgct+|^|cmd|ssod||c|cntcmcntcd+s|tu+iov|vcnc|+d+cm|c|+io+os|c+to|cs+coucos
+|tos-|o|nos+c+|viovcgct+|const|tucm|nov+iogcnu|n+mcntcn+c|on+|comcngcn|+||+|c-
n+mcntcdom|n+d+
|cvc-sc t+mbcm mcnc|on+| uc cmbo|+ os gusc||os sc +|cscntcm como o scgmcnto m+|s
|c|cscnt+t|vocmtc|mosd+|oduiodc|c||o-gus+b+scdcc+|viovcgct+|no+|scx|stcm
us|n+s|ntcg|+d+s+c+|viovcgct+|cm|cno|unc|on+mcntot+ntocom+c|+||+sb+s|c+s+ox|gc-
n|ou+ntocom+c|+||+sc|ct||c+s
Diretrizes e recomendaes
|mconsonnc|+doucscvc||||coucomoc+|viovcgct+|onumc|odc|ccomcnd+ocs+|++|odu-
iodc|c||o-gus+cm+|tos-|o|nos+c+|viovcgct+|t+mbcmccxtcnso|cssio+sd||ct||zcs||nc|+|s
(d+)^|tc|+iod+s|cg|s|+ocs|cdc|+|ccst+du+|sv|s+ndo+|nccnt|v+|+|oduiodc
|c||o-gus+cm+|tos-|o|nos+c+|viovcgct+|
(d.)||n+nc|+mcnto+|++const|uiodcus|n+s|ntcg|+d+s+c+|viovcgct+|
(d,)|studos+cc|c+d+mc||o||+dodcscmcn|otccn|co-+mb|cnt+|(||gu|+.,)
44
O estado-da-arte das
tecnologias de converso de
biomassa em carvo primitivo
e, por isso, possui um grande
potencial de ganhos tcnicos,
ambientais e econmicos a
serem ainda auferidos.
Os altos-fornos a carvo
vegetal constituem
inovao genuinamente
nacional, com engenharia
plenamente dominada.
1. Alterao das legislaes
federal e estadual.
2. Financiamento para a
construo de usinas
integradas a carvo vegetal.
3. Estudos acerca da melhoria do
desempenho tcnico-
ambiental.
Figura 2.3: ^|to-|o:no + C+:vio Vcgct+| - s|tu+io +tu+| c o|:ct:|zcs
|cnt|c +s ct++s |odut|v+s +n+||s+d+s +tc o momcnto cst+ |o| +uc|+ cu,+s |ccomcnd+ocs
siom+|sv|ncu|+d+ss+|tc|+ocsdco||t|c+sub||c+s|c|+toum+d+sd||ct||zcsccx+t+mcntc
mod|||c+|+s|cg|s|+ocs|cdc|+|ccst+du+|sob,ct|v+ndo|omcnt+|+|oduiodc|c||o-gus+cm
m|n|+|tos-|o|nosc|c|o|+|osu||mcntodcm+dc||+o|+|tcdccucnoscmcd|os|odu-
to|cs|ndccndcntcs
^scgund+d||ct||z+ont++|++ncccss|d+dcdcsc||n+nc|+|+|m|+nt+iodcus|n+s|ntcg|+d+s
+c+|viovcgct+|(com+c|+||+sb+s|c+s+ox|gcn|oou+c|+||+sc|ct||c+s)com|ccnd|d+scomomo-
dc|oss|dc|u|g|cos|ntcg|+dos(+mb|cnt+|mcntcsustcnt+vc|s)c|c|cscnt+ndo+cvo|uiotccno-
|og|c+dos+tu+|sgusc||os|+mcsm+d||cio|ccomcnd+-sc
||omovc|cstudosdcn+tu|cz+tccn|co-cconom|c++|++m||+|++|tc|n+t|v+dcm|n|-s|dc|u|g|-
c+sno+|sb+sc+d+scmm|n|+|tos-|o|nos+c+|viovcgct+|c+c|+||+c|ct||c+comc++c|d+dcdc
|oduion+|+|x+dco,+.m|||ocsdctonc|+d+so|+no
||omovc| cstudos dc n+tu|cz+ tccn|co-cconom|c+ +|+ +v+||+| + +|tc|n+t|v+ dc const|uio dc
m|n|-s|dc|u|g|c+sno+|sb+sc+d+scmm|n|+|tos-|o|nos+c+|viovcgct+|c+c|+||++ox|gcn|o
^tc|cc||+d||ct||z|c|+c|on+d+mc||o||+dodcscmcn|otccn|co-+mb|cnt+|com|ccndcum
numc|om+|o|dc|ccomcnd+ocscscc|||c+s+s+bc|
45
^o|+|+scsu|s+s+||c+d+sdcn+tu|cz+mu|t|-|nst|tuc|on+|(|o,cton+c|on+|)cnvo|vcndo
+ut|||z+iod+stccn|c+sdc|cs|||+mcntocd|sscc+iocm+|tos-|o|nos+c+|viovcgct+|
|nccnt|v+|+conso||d+iod+scm|cs+sdcconsu|to||+ccngcn|+||+dctcnto|+sd+tccno|o-
g|+do+|to|o|no+c+|viovcgct+|
|cscnvo|vc|cstudosv|s+ndo+o+c||c|o+mcntod+sc+|g+smct+||c+scmcscc|+|d+s|c|+-
ocsm|nc||o;s|ntc|;c|ot+bcmcomodcn|io;c+|+ctc||z+iodosd||c|cntcscomoncntcs
|cscnvo|vc|tccno|og|+sdc+g|omc|+iodcnosdcm|nc||odc|c||o+|++tcndc|scon-
d|ocsdoscto|gusc||o
|cscnvo|vc|c|nccnt|v+|+|oduiodcc+|viovcgct+|no|o|m+tog|+nu|+|comoob,ct|vo
dcmc||o|+|os|csu|t+dosdosm|n|+|tos-|o|nos
|cscnvo|vc|cstudos|c|+c|on+doscomocont|o|cc+oc|+iodom|n|+|to-|o|no+c+|vio
vcgct+|o|cxcm|o+c||c|o+mcntod+c+|g+|cduto|+d|st||bu|iodcc+|g+scg|cg+io
g|+nu|omct||c+ut|||z+iodcnosdcnt|cout|os
^o|+|cstudosv|s+ndo|ccuc|+ioc+o|cusodos+|t|cu|+dosgc|+dosnos+|tos-|o|nos
+c+|viovcgct+|(|nccnt|vostccno|og|+sn+c|on+|s|ntc||c||occcno|cd)
|omcnt+||nvcst|g+ocs|c|+c|on+d+s+ousod+scsco||+sdc+|tos-|o|nos+c+|viovcgct+|
^v+||+|+s+|tc|n+t|v+scdcscnvo|vc|modc|o+|+o+|ovc|t+mcntodootcnc|+|cnc|gct|co
dog+sdcm|n|+|to-|o|nonocontcxtodosd||c|cntcso|osdc|oduiocx|stcntcsno+|s
|cscnvo|vc|modc|osdc|cc||cu|+iodc|cs|duosnos|stcm+|ntcg|+doo|cst+;s|dc|u|g|c+
2.4 Reduo direta e processos emergentes de reduo
Contexto Internacional
Os|occssosdc|cduiod||ct+|csondcmo|,/+e/do|c||o||m+||o|oduz|domund|+|-
mcntc|m+d+sv+nt+gcnsdos|c-|cduz|dos(|||c|||)cob+|xotco|dccont+m|n+ntcso
uccst|mu|+oscuusocm+c|+||+sc|ct||c+scom+||n+||d+dcdc|+b||c+|+osdcmc||o|u+-
||d+dc|mtc|mosdovo|umcdc|c-|cduz|dosdo|s|occssosscsob|css+cm||d|cx(e,/)c
|y|(,o/)Osdcm+|s|csondcmc|os|cst+ntcs,/Comoscobsc|v+n+||gu|+.|cstcsdo|s
|occssos,+sccncont|+mnumcst+g|odcm+tu||d+dctccno|og|c+
46
Estgio
Conceptual /
Bancada
FERRO-GUSA / NUGGETS
MOE (eletrlise)
Matmor
AISI
DIOS
CCF
Isarna
Tecnored
Mini AF
Alto Forno
Moderno
Alto Forno
Antes China
ITmk3
Finesmelt
Sidcomet
Danarex
Circored
PSH
Hi-QIP
Romelt
Ausmelt
RHF
(Fastmet
Redsmelt
Inmetco
IDI, etc.)
Iron Carbide
Purofer
Finmet
Corex
Primus
Oxycup
Hlsmelt
Finex
SL/RN
DRI / HBI / Fe3C
Carvo
Coque
Descontinuado
Carvo
Gs Natural
Descontinuado
Inativo
Estgio
Prottipo /
Piloto
Estgio
Maturidade
Declnio /
Desenvolvimento de
Solues alternativas
Estgio
Consolidao /
Tcnica /
Comercial
Midrex
HyL
Figura 2.4: |+tu:|o+oc tccno|og|c+ oos ,:occssos oc ,:oouio oc |c::o ,:|m+:|o
|omb|tod+s|dc|u|g|+mund|+|ovo|umcdc|nvcst|mcntosd||cc|on+dossus|n+s|ntcg|+d+s
|cduiod||ct+vcm+umcnt+ndo^|cmd|ssoos|occssosdc||comg+scsdc|occssom+|s
||coscm||d|ogcn|otcms|do+|vodc|nvcst|g+ocscm|mo|t+ntcs|og|+m+smu|t|-|nst|tuc|o-
n+|snocxtc||o|
Os cst+g|os dc m+tu||d+dc tccno|og|c+ dc v+||os |occssos cmc|gcntcs dc |cduio t+mbcm
cstio|ct|+t+dosn+||gu|+.||u+s||n|+scmdcscnvo|v|mcntoscdcst+c+m++uto-|cduioc
+|usio-|cduto|+|o|v|s+|cm|oduiodc|c||o-gus+ou|odutosmct+||coss|m||+|cs(nug-
gctsccbb|cs)os|occssoscmc|gcntcssio|oost+s+|tc|n+t|v+s+o+|to-|o|nocm+|t|cu|+|
+o+|to-|o|no+couc|c|+toos|occssoscmc|gcntcstcms|doconccb|dosv|s+ndo+c||m|-
n+| +s ct++s dc +g|omc|+io do m|nc||o dc |c||o c dc couc|||c+io +mb+s |nc|cntcs + |ot+
do+|to-|o|no+coucc|m|t|ndocom|ssoousogcnc|+||z+dodcm|nc||os||noscdcc+|vocs
nio-couc|||c+vc|s
|nu+nto +|guns |occssos cmc|gcntcs ,+ dc|+m |n|c|o cm su+s un|d+dcs comc|c|+|s (Co|cx c
||ncx)out|os+|nd+sccncont|+mcm|+scdcdcmonst|+iodcsu+stccno|og|+s(ccno|cd||s-
mc|t|ot+|y|c+|t||u|n+cc;|||||g|-u+||ty||on|cbb|c;||-||)|ouct+ngc+os||mc|-
47
|osos|occssosCo|cx(n+^|||c+dou|)c||ncx(n+Co|c|+dou|)tcm+|cscnt+do|csu|t+dos
|c||m|n+|cscons|dc|+dos+n|m+do|csc|os|csons+vc|so|su+stccno|og|+sn+scsc+|+sco-
mc|c|+|s,+|m|+nt+d+s
|odc-sc+|||m+|ucos|nvcst|mcntos|ntc|n+c|on+|sn+scsu|s+sdos|occssos+|tc|n+t|vos+o
+|to-|o|no+couccont|nu+mcmn|vc|c|cv+docm+|t|cu|+|n+^ust|+||+no|+iocn+|u|o-
+|mdos||nc|+|smot|v+do|cs+|+odcscnvo|v|mcntodct+|s|occssosc+busc+o|mc-
no|cscustos(dcc+|t+|coc|+c|on+|s)com+|+t|v+mcntc+os+|tos-|o|nos+couc|m|c|+io
sucstocs+mb|cnt+|s,+su|gcmn+s|dc|u|g|+d|scussocs+|csc|tod+v|+b|||d+dcdosc|+m+-
dos|occssosmcnosc+|bono(c+|bon|css)cc+|bono||v|c(c+|bon||cc)
Contexto Nacional
^|oduiodc|c-|cduz|dosno||+s||couc+|c|cscnt+t|v+co||csondcndo++/dovo|umc
tot+|dc|c||o||m+||o|+b||c+dono+|scm.oos|cco|dc-scuc+|+nt+dc|cduiod||ct+
b+scdcc+|viom|nc|+|nio-couc|||c+vc|d+cntio^|||o|dcs+t|v+d+no|n|c|odos+nos+,,o
^tu+|mcntc+Cc|d+u|s|b+c+un|c+us|n+|ntcg|+d+|cduiod||ct+do+|s+||+nt++|+-
||souomodu|odc|cduiod||ct+|y|cmmc+dosdc.oo,cm|uniodos|m+ctosd+c||sc
cconom|co-||n+ncc||+mund|+|
|mtc|mos|oscct|vos+|oduiodc|c-|cduz|dosno||+s||odc|++umcnt+|cm|uniod+
oss|b|||d+dc|c+|do|nc|cmcntod+o|c|t+domcst|c+dcg+sn+tu|+|+ssoc|+do+o|nc|cmcntod+
|oduiodcct|o|co|cvc-sct+mbcm|cmb|+|uco+|sc|mo|t+ntc|o|ncccdo|dcc|ot+s
||+|+omc|c+do|ntc|n+c|on+|^dcm+|snioscv|s|umb|++o|ongodcst+dcc+d+|+|t+dcsu-
c+t+|c||os+uccum|nsumocom|cmcnt+|d+c+|g+mct+||c+d+s+c|+||+sc|ct||c+snoc+sodc
us|n+s|ntcg|+d+s|cduiod||ct+
|oucsc|c|c|cscst|+tcg|+scmc|gcntcsdc|cduiodcvc-sc|css+|t+|uco||+s||vcmscm+n-
tcndon+v+ngu+|d+d+tccno|og|+dc+uto-|cduioo|mc|ododcscnvo|v|mcntodo|occsso
ccno|cd+tu+|mcntccmcst+dodcdcmonst|+iotccno|og|c+Comoscobsc|v+n+||gu|+.|
occno|cdcncont|+-scno|n|c|odocst+g|odcconso||d+iotccn|c+;comc|c|+|cst+ndo||gc|-
|+mcntc+t|+s dc su+s conco||cntcs |ntc|n+c|on+|s m+|scx|css|v+s (|occssos ||smc|t ||| c
||ncx)uc,+cstioncstccst+g|o|+c|omcnost|cs+nos
48
Diretrizes e recomendaes
(d+)|m+d+sd||ct||zcs|c|+c|on+-sc|nvcst|g+io+cc|c+d+v|+b|||d+dcdc|m|+nt+|
modu|osdc|cduiod||ct+t|+d|c|on+|s(||d|cxc|y|)no+|scomdcsc+||cg+mcnto
d||ctodc|||+ucntcnos|o|nosc|ct||cos++|co+n+||s+ndo+ssu+sv|+b|||d+dcsn+s
|cg|ocs||to|nc+sdcio|+u|o||odc|+nc||oc|s|||to+ntocm|uniod+m+|o|
d|son|b|||d+dcdcg+sn+tu|+|
(d.)Out|+d|z|csc|to|m|+nt+iodc|og|+m+dcv|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+t+nto+|+os
|occssosm+du|osdc|cduiod||ct+u+nto+|++stccno|og|+scmc|gcntcsdc|cduio
(d,)|m+tc|cc||+d||ct||z|c|c|c-sc+o+o|o+os|occssosccno|cdc|ntc||c||o(||gu|+.,)
A produo de pr-reduzidos
no Brasil pouco representa-
tiva, mas esta situao pode se
alterar em funo da
perspectiva de maior
disponibilidade de gs natural.
O Brasil vem se mantendo
na vanguarda da tecnologia
de auto-reduo, por meio
do desenvolvimento do
processo Tecnored,
atualmente em estado de
demonstrao tecnolgica.
1. Investigao acerca da
viabilidade de implemantar
mdulos de reduo direta
tradicionais.
2. Vigilncia tecnolgica.
3. Apoio aos processos Tecnored
e Interferro.
Figura 2.5: |couio o|:ct+ c ,:occssos cmc:gcntcs oc :couio - s|tu+io +tu+| c o|:ct:|zcs
^||mc||+d||ct||znio|o|dcsdob|+d+cm|ccomcnd+ocsm+|scscc|||c+s|++scgund+co||cs-
ondc+o|og|+m+dcv|g||nc|+tccno|og|c++|++|cduiod||ct+cos|occssoscmc|gcntcs
+b+|c+ndo
|m|+nt+| +t|v|d+dcs dc v|g||nc|+ tccno|og|c+ dos |occssos |ntc|n+c|on+|s dc |cduio d|-
|ct+cmdcscnvo|v|mcntotcndocomomct++m|n|m|z+iod+cm|ssiodcCO.
||omovc|+v|g||nc|+tccno|og|c++cc|c+d+cvo|uiodos|occssos|||(s)c||-||dcv|do
+ssu+sc+|+ctc||st|c+s+uto-|cduto|+scos|occssosb+t|smc|t|ngCo|cx||ncxCyc|oncc
||smc|t
49
^ tc|cc||+ d||ct||z cons|stc do +o|o +o m+|o| dcscnvo|v|mcnto tccno|og|co cm +|t|cu|+| no
ucconcc|ncstccno|og|+sccno|cdc|ntc||c||o
^o|+| o dcscnvo|v|mcnto dos |occssos ccno|cd c |ntc||c||o tccno|og|+s |nov+do|+s c
gcnu|n+mcntcb|+s||c||+snouct+ngc+oscstudosb+s|cosd++g|omc|+io+|||od+s|c+-
ocsdc+uto-|cduiodcsu+smodc|+gcnsm+tcm+t|c+c||s|c+d+stccn|c+sdc+m||+iod+
csc+|+(sc+|c-u)dos|c+to|cscdost|osdc+g|omc|+dos+uto-|cduto|cs
|omcnt+| +s |nvcst|g+ocs sob|c +s |c+ocs b+s|c+s dc |usio-|cduto|+ c su+s modc|+gcns
m+tcm+t|c+s
^o|+| +|cc||+s un|vc|s|d+dc;m|nc|+do|+s n+c|on+|s ob,ct|v+ndo dcscnvo|vc| csu|s+s cx-
c||mcnt+|sdcc+||b|+iocdcmodc|+gcnsm+tcm+t|c+s+|csc|tod+|oduiodc|||;|||
com+|totco|dcc+|bono(.|/)cd+s|c+ocsdcsc||-|c|o|m|ngc+t+||s+d+sc|o|c||omct+||co
^o|+|+smodc|+gcnsm+tcm+t|c+sdos|occssosdc||+v+n+doscm|c+to|csdccub+
cm+|t|cu|+|dc|cduiocom+|tostco|csdc||d|ogcn|octccno|og|+CC
51
CAPTULO 3
REFINO PRIMRIO (ACIARIA)
^sdu+s||nc|+|s|ot+stccno|og|c+ss|dc|u|g|c+ssio
+) |s|n+s|ntcg|+d+s+coucucus+m+|to-|o|no+|++|oduiodc|c||o-gus+uc
dco|sct|+ns|o|m+docm+onosconvc|so|csb+s|cos+ox|gcn|o
b) ^s us|n+s scm|-|ntcg|+d+s (m|n|m|||s) cu,+ |+sc |n|c|+| dc |oduio c +c|+||+ c|ct||c+
|stcsdo|st|osdc+c|+||+siocx+m|n+dos+scgu||
3.1 Aciaria LD
Contexto internacional
Oconvc|so|b+s|co+ox|gcn|o(b+s|coxygcn|u|n+cc|O|)cot|odc+c|+||+m+|sut|||z+d+n+s|-
dc|u|g|+mund|+||st+tccno|og|+|o|o||g|n+|mcntcdcscnvo|v|d+cmmc+dosdosccu|o+ss+do
c|+s|dc|u|g|c++ust||+c+Vocst-^||nc|c|o|+todctc|s|docm|cg+d+|n|c|+|mcntcn+sus|n+s
||nzc|on+w|tzc|+||cout+mbcmcon|cc|d+como+c|+||+||
^tu+|mcntccc|c+dc.;,d+|oduiomund|+|dc+ocb+sc+d+cm+c|+||+|||mbo|++|gum+s
|ntcg|+d+s+couctcn|+mot+doo||o|nosc|ct||cos++|coosconvc|so|cs+|nd+siooscu|-
+mcntosm+|s||cucntcsncstct|odcus|n+|mtc|mos|oscct|voscon|o|mcscvc||||c+no
C|+||co,+|cvc-scuc++|t|c|+iod+sus|n+s|ntcg|+d+svcn|+d|m|nu||+o|ongodotcmo
m+snio+ontodcsc|su|+nt+d+c|+sus|n+sscm|-|ntcg|+d+s
52
30%
35%
45%
40%
50%
55%
65%
60%
70%
2000
Usinas integradas Usinas semi-integradas
2005 2010 2020 2015 2025 2030
Grco 3.1 |+:t|c|,+io o+s us|n+s |ntcg:+o+s c scm|-|ntcg:+o+s n+ ,:oouio s|oc:u:g|c+ muno|+|. .000-.0!0
(,c:ccntu+|)
Fonte | ||o+|go. | :z+bo. | C C|sc+: 8 ^ :o:|+ 1cc|no|og|c+| ,:os,ccts +no CO. cm|ss|on t:+o|ng +n+|yscs |n t|c
|:on +no stcc| |noust:y ^ g|ob+| mooc| |nc:gy !0 (.00) s!10
^s +c|+||+s || dcm+nd+m m+|o|cs u+nt|d+dcs dc |c||o-gus+ ||u|do cu,+ u+||d+dc o| su+
vczdccndcd+u+||d+dcdom|nc||odc|c||ocm|cg+do|o|cxcm|oom|nc||odc|c||odc
b+|xo|os|o|ooss|b|||t++|oduiodcum|c||o-gus+dcb+|xo|os|o|oouc|cduzocustodc
|oduiod++c|+||+||^ss|mcm+|t|cu|+|n+^s|+ccomum+m|stu|+dcm|nc||oscomd||c-
|cntcstco|csdc|os|o|o
^+c|+||+|||o|o||g|n+|mcntc|o,ct+d++|+ut|||z+|+|t+|oo|iodc|c||o-gus+||u|do(so+
s,/)n+comos|iodcsu+c+|g+^+|t||d+dcc+d+dc+,socomcou+d||und||oc|+m+do
|c||nosccund+||oucsc|oos+|c+||z+|cmscgu|d+ccm|c+to|sc+|+doo+cc|to||n+|d+
comos|iodo+oV+||+s|nov+ocs|nc|cmcnt+|st+mbcmc|m|t||+m+mc||o||+dodcscm-
cn|odosconvc|so|cst+|scomo+ut|||z+iodcg+sn+tu|+|n+svcnt+nc||+sdc|undo+modc-
|+gcmm+tcm+t|c+cocont|o|cd|nm|codo|occsso
53
Os|m+ctosd+smc||o||+s|nc|cmcnt+|snodcscmcn|od++c|+||+||vcmmost|+ndos|n+|sdc
csgot+mcnto|c|+tootcmomcd|odcco|||d+(t+-to-t+)doconvc|so|tcmscm+nt|dono
+t+m+|cnt|c,sc|,m|nutoso|m+|sum+dcc+d+O|nd|ccdcv+z+mcntod||ctocdc+cc|to
dc|os|o|occ+|bonos|tu+-sccnt|c;,/c,o/t+mbcm|+m+|sdc+o+nos|stcsdo|s|nd|c+do-
|cssiod||ct+mcntc||g+dos|odut|v|d+dcdoconvc|so|||ucdcst+|o|m+tcmscm+nt|do
m+|soumcnoscst+vc|+omcsmotcmocmuc++c|+||+c|ct||c+vcmobtcndoum|nc|cmcnto
cons|dc|+vc|d+|odut|v|d+dc
|m+us|n+|ntcg|+d+comconvc|so|||gc|+cnt|c+,c.otonc|+d+sCO.;tonc|+d+dc+o|o-
duz|doOg+sdc+c|+||+||ucc||cocmCOtcms|dout|||z+docmdu+s+||c+ocs
+) Ousodcos-combustio(m+|o|uc|m+doCO+|+CO
.
no|ntc||o|doconvc|so|)
+|+mc||o|+|ob+|+notc|m|codoconvc|so|
b) Ocm|cgodog+sdc+c|+||++|++gc|+iodccnc|g|+c|ct||c+oucomocombust|vc|
cm|o|nosn+|o||+us|n+O|+to|dctc|m|n+ntc+|++tom+d+dcdcc|siocnt|c+s
mcnc|on+d+soocscocconom|co||+ntcd+ncccss|d+dcdc|ct|+iod+scm|ssocs
dcCO.n++c|+||+||umdosdcs+osc|uc|+|s|c|c|c-sc+odcscnvo|v|mcntodouso
dc m+|o|cs u+nt|d+dcs dc mct+||cos dc b+|xo c+|bono (suc+t+ c |c-|cduz|dos) no
convc|so|ouc|m||c+++|tc|+iodob+|+notc|m|co|csscscnt|do+ut|||z+iodc
m+|o|cst+x+sdcos-combustiotcmv|+b|||z+doum+m+|o|+|t|c|+iod+suc+t+
|c||os+n+comos|iod+c+|g+(,o/+|o/)doconvc|so|||
u+nto+osco|odutos+csco||+dc+c|+||+||niotcmusocomc|c|+|s|gn|||c+t|vocmbo|+sc,+
oss|vc|ut|||z+-|+como|+st|ocm|c||ov|+sou|odov|+scco||ct|vodcso|o^|+m+dc+c|+||+(os
c||ucntcscmoco|ct+dossob|o|m+um|d+nos|stcm+dc|||t|+gcmdcg+scs)|c|cscnt+um
|ob|cm+ dc |cc|c|+gcm ||+ nio odc sc| ut|||z+d+ dc |o|m+ s+t|s|+to||+ n+ s|ntc||z+io o|s
odc+g|cg+|z|ncoc+|g+do+|to-|o|no^ss|mo||nc|+|dcs+||o|c|cv+ntccons|stccmdc-
scnvo|vc|usod+|+m+comomct+||cocm+c|+||+ou|ccuc|+|oz|ncos|m||||c+ndoscu|c|o-
ccss+mcntocm|t|g+ndoscu|m+cto+mb|cnt+|
Contexto nacional
|o||+s||cc|c+dc;,/+so/d+|oduiodc+ob|uto|ovcmdcconvc|so|cs||^m+|o|
t+x+dcd||usio||cntcmcd|+mund|+|ccx||c+d+c|+d|son|b|||d+dcdcm|nc||odc|c||odc
+|t+u+||d+dc^||+sum+d+sv+nt+gcnscomct|t|v+sd+s|dc|u|g|+b|+s||c||+dcco||cd+d|so-
n|b|||d+dcdomcst|c+dcm|nc||odc|c||odcb+|xo|os|o|o^oss|b|||d+dcdcut|||z+||c||o-gus+
54
||u|docmum+|oo|io+c|m+dcs,/d+c+|g+tcmdcscnco|+,+dooscs|o|osnoscnt|dodc
um+m+|o|ut|||z+iodcc+|g+sso||d+snosconvc|so|csb|+s||c||osouccont||bu|||++|++ob-
tcniodcc|cd|todcc+|bonoOut|++|t|cu|+||d+dcd+s|dc|u|g|+b|+s||c||+dcco||cdo|+todc
uc+v+||+ntctccno|og|c+|nc|gyOt|m|zcd|u|n+cc(|O|)ucmost|+otcnc|+|dcd||usio
c|csccntc|o||n|c|+|mcntcdcscnvo|v|d+no+|s
|o|cst+ntcosdcs+||osd+ss|dc|u|g|c+sb|+s||c||+scm|c|+io+c|+||+||sios|m||+|cs+osvc||||-
c+dosc|+scongcnc|cs|ntc|n+c|on+|s|mtc|mosdodcscmcn|o+mb|cnt+|como,+|c|c||do
og+sdc+c|+||+||cmu|to||cocmCOcx|st|ndoum+m|ocs+o+|+mc||o|ut|||z+iot+n-
ton+gc|+iodccnc|g|+c|ct||c+u+nton+gc|+iodccnc|g|++|+o|o||o|occsso^mbos
|c|cscnt+m|o|m+sdc+b+t|mcnton+scm|ssocsdcg+scsdoc|c|tocstu|+(C||)^dcm+|s|+z-sc
ncccss+||odcscnvo|vc|ut|||z+ocsm+|snob|cs+|++scsco||+sdc+c|+||+bcmcomomc||o|+|o
t|+t+mcntod+|+m+dc+c|+||+cdosc||ucntcscmo
^|nd+dc|o|m+s|m||+|cxc||cnc|+|ntc|n+c|on+|osnovos+t+m+|csdos|cosdos|c||o||g+s
|nduzcmc+d+vczm+|s|nov+ocsucc|m|tcm+|ccuc|+iodosmct+|s(m+ng+ncscc|omo
o| cxcm|o) no |occsso |odut|vo |+ mcsm+ |o|m+ |cuc|-sc o dcscnvo|v|mcnto dc |un-
dcntcs+|tc|n+t|vos||uo||t+ucccsscnc|+|n+obtcniodccsco||+||u|d+no|occsso
Diretrizes e recomendaes
^s |ccomcnd+ocs sc |c|+c|on+m ||nc|+|mcntc ot|m|z+io d+s +c|+||+s || |cst+ |o|m+
odc-scconc|u||ucnioscv|s|umb|++ncccss|d+dcdcmud+n+scst|utu|+|s|c|+to+s|cco-
mcnd+ocsodcmsc|cnu+d|+d+scmdu+sd||ct||zcs||nc|+|s
(d+)|c||o||+dodcscmcn|o+mb|cnt+|
(d.)|cscnvo|v|mcntodcout|+s|nov+ocsdccun|o|nc|cmcnt+|(||gu|+,+)
55
A siderurgia brasileira apresenta
uma maior taxa de difuso da
aciria LD, frente indstria
mundial, como reexo da
disponibilidade de minrio de
ferro de alta qualidade.
A maioria dos desaos da
siderurgia brasileira em
termos de aciria LD similar
aos enfrentados pelas
congneres internacionais.
1. Melhoria do desempenho
ambiental.
2. Desenvolvimento de outras
inovaes incrementais.
Figura 3.1: ^c|+:|+ || - s|tu+io +tu+| c o|:ct:|zcs
u+nto+o+||mo|+mcntododcscmcn|o+mb|cnt+||ccomcnd+-sc
||+bo|+|cstudos+cc|c+d+combustiocos-combustiodosg+scsdo|occsso
|cscnvo|vc|cstudos+|+o+|ovc|t+mcntodccsco||+sc|+m+sdc+c|+||+
^o|+|+s||n|+sdccsu|s+v|s+ndo|ccuc|+iodcz|ncod+s|+m+sn+sdos|stcm+dc
||mcz+dcg+scs
|nccnt|v+|+scsu|s+sv|s+ndod|m|nu|iod+cx+ns|b|||d+dcd+scsco||+s(c+|||v|c)
^o|+| o dcscnvo|v|mcnto dc tccn|c+s dc |nco|o|+io cont|nu+ dc +d|t|vos cm csco||+s
||u|d+sv|s+ndogc|+iodc|odutos+|+uso+g||co|+ccm+v|mcnt+io
|ouct+ngcsout|+s|nov+ocs|nc|cmcnt+|s|ccomcnd+-sc
|omcnt+|+|o|m+iodc|cdcsdccsu|s+cm|cnodc+oo|ox|gcn|oo|mc|od+cons-
t|uiodcums|stcm+cnvo|vcndocm|cs+sgovc|noccomun|d+dc+c+dcm|c+
|cscnvo|vc|cstudossob|c+stccno|og|+sc|||c||c+sdc|oduiodc+on+|ot+|ntcg|+d+
convcnc|on+|(+|to-|o|no+couccconvc|so|csb+s|cos+ox|gcn|o)nouct+ngcdcssu||u-
|+iodcs|os|o|+iot|+ns|o|m+iodcgus+c+o|cnosccund+||odo+o
||+bo|+|cstudos+|+|ccuc|+iodcv+|o|cscont|doscm|c||o||g+s
56
|stud+||undcntcs+|tc|n+t|vosuo||t+
|cscnvo|vc|cstudosccsu|s+s|c|c|cntcs+ootcnc|+|dcdcs|os|o|+ion+cmu|siocsco-
||+-b+n|omct+||co+tcnd|d+s+scond|ocsoc|+c|on+|sdoconvc|so|||
|nccnt|v+|+modc|+gcmm+tcm+t|c+dos|cnos||m+||ocsccund+||obcmcomo|nvcst||
cms|stcm+sdccont|o|cc+utom+iodo|occsso|nc|us|vc+|++v+||+ntc|O|
3.2 Aciaria eltrica
Contexto internacional
Como |c|cscnt+ntcs m+|s |mo|t+ntcs d+ |ot+ tccno|og|c+ d+s s|dc|u|g|c+s scm|-|ntcg|+d+s
os|o|nosc|ct||cos++|cooc|+mcom+m+|o|+|tcd+c+|g+nocst+doso||do(suc+t+|c||os+
|c||o-gus+|||c|||)+|s|o|nossiocxt|cm+mcntcvc|s+tc|snoucsc|c|c|cc+|g++|cmdc
c|m|t||oc|+io|ntc|m|tcntccmud+n+s|+|d+sdc|oduio
Os |o|nos c|ct||cos + +|co cxccut+m +s ct++s dc |usio d+ c+|g+ so||d+ c subscucntc |c||no
||m+||o(dcsc+|bu||z+iocdcs|os|o|+io)v|++|n,cios|gn|||c+t|v+dcox|gcn|o(|o|m,;to-
nc|+d+dc+o)|+|+t+ntocstcscu|+mcntostcm+|cscnt+do|nd|ccdcconsumodccnc|g|+
c|ct||c+cmto|nodos|oo|\|;tonc|+d+dc+ocomtcndcnc|++d|m|nu|-|o(,eo-,oo|\|;
tonc|+d+dc+o)cm|+ccd+|nco|o|+iodcm+|scnc|g|+u|m|c+com|cmcnt+|no|occsso
(|n,cocsdccombust|vc|scox|gcn|o.,|gC;tonc|+d+dc+oc+tc;o|m,dcox|gcn|o;to-
nc|+d+dc+o)
Obsc|v+-scuc+|ot+d+|oduiodc+ov|++c|+||+c|ct||c+tcm+umcnt+dosu++|t|c|+io
cmtc|mosmund|+|scomo|csu|t+dod+mcno||ntcns|d+dcdc|nvcst|mcnto(,;c++c|d+dc|ns-
t+|+d+)d++cc|t+iom+|sgcnc|+||z+d+doconcc|todcus|n+sscm|-|ntcg|+d+s(|nc|us|vc+|++
|+b||c+iodc|odutos|+nos)cdoc|csccntcusod+cnc|g|+u|m|c+com|cmcnt+|no|occs-
soOut|+v+nt+gcmd+sm|n|m|||sc+mcno|cm|ssiodcC||(o|,oetonc|+d+CO.;tonc|+d+
dc+o|oduz|do)|stc+v+nocmtc|mosdc+|t|c|+ion+|oduiomund|+|sc||++|nd+
m+|o|scnio|ossco|+todcuc+cx+nsiod+s|dc|u|g|+c||ncs+tcms|dob+sc+d+cscc|+|-
mcntccm+c|+||+s||d|+ntcd+b+|x+d|son|b|||d+dcdcsuc+t+|c||os+
|nov+ocs tccno|og|c+s |mo|t+ntcs tcm |csu|t+do cm +||mo|+mcnto dos +|mct|os oc-
|+c|on+|snio+cn+scmtc|mosdcc||c|cnc|+cnc|gct|c+ctcmodcco|||d+(t+-to-t+)m+s
t+mbcmcm|c|+iomc||o||+d+u+||d+dcdo|oduto|o|cxcm|ooss|stcm+sdc|c-+uc-
57
c|mcntodcsuc+t+tcms|do+c||c|o+doscont||bu|ndo+|+ummcno|consumodccnc|g|+
c|ct||c+no|occssocmv||tudcdo+|ovc|t+mcntodc+|tcdoc+|o|scns|vc|cont|donosg+scs
dccx+ustio(cc|c+dc+,+,o/d+cnc|g|+|o|ncc|d++o|o|no)^+doiod+tccn|c+dccsum+-
iocont|o|+d+d+scsco||+s(com+conscucntcoc|+iodos|o|nosc|ct||cos++|cocomt+x+s
m+|s+|t+sdcotcnc|+c|ct||c+)tcmoss|b|||t+dos|gn|||c+t|vo+umcntodc|odut|v|d+dc
|ouct+ngcu+||d+dcdo|oduto+m+|o|o|c|t+dcmct+||cos+|tc|n+t|vossuc+t+(|c||o-
gus+so||doc|c-|cduz|dos)tcmc|m|t|do+|oduiodc+oscscc|+|sdcmc||o|u+||d+dc
(c|c+nstcc|s)cm+c|+||+sc|ct||c+s^v|+b|||d+dctccn|c+dousod||ctodc|c||o-gus+||u|dono
|^|+|cmdc+c+||ct+|mcno|consumodccnc|g|+c|ct||c+c||+um+m+|o|||cx|b|||d+dccm|c|+-
iou+nt|d+dcdcsuc+t+n+m|stu|+dcc+|g+(.o++oo/)^d|c|on+|mcntcc|m|tc+|+b||c+-
iodcum+m+|o|g+m+dc+osdcu+||d+dccmcsmoum+nov+|oost+dc|ot+tccno|og|c+
uccomb|n++|to-|o|no+c+|viovcgct+|c|^|
Contexto nacional
|o||+s||+sus|n+sscm|-|ntcg|+d+stcmm+nt|doum++|t|c|+iocmto|nodc.o/+.,/d+
|oduion+c|on+|dc+ocon||gu|+ndoum+mcno|t+x+dcd||usio||cntc|ndust||+mund|+|
(,o/ + ,,/) ^tc .o+, csc|+-sc uc + c++c|d+dc |nst+|+d+ d+ s|dc|u|g|+ b|+s||c||+ du||uc
scndouc+|+t|+do|^|ncst++m||+ioccst|m+d+cm+cn+s+o/|o|t+ntocsc|+-scuc+
|c|c||d++|t|c|+iod|m|nu++|++e/nomcd|o|+zo
c |cv|socs mcnc|on+d+s no +|+g|+|o +ntc||o| sc con|||m+|cm o |nc|cmcnto d+ |oduio
dc+osv|++c|+||+c|ct||c+nio|csu|t+|+n+ncccss|d+dcdc|mo|t+iodcsuc+t+|c||os+^|cm
d|ssonio|+|t+|+cnc|g|+c|ct||c++|++s+c|+||+sc|ct||c+s|ocnt+nto+v+||+iodctcnsion+
|cdcc|ct||c+(|||c|c|)ucc|ovoc+d+o|cu|+mcntoscomoos|^|dcco||cntc+|tc|n+d+
sccon||gu|+comoum|+to|c||t|co+o|cst||ng||+|oc+||z+iodc+c|+||+sc|ct||c+scmg|+ndcs
ccnt|osou|+c|on+|s
^ ||nc|+| d||c|cn+ d+ s|tu+io b|+s||c||+ ||cntc |ndust||+ mund|+| |c|c|c-sc ut|||z+io dc
um+c|cv+d+|oo|iodc|c||o-gus+so||don+c+|g+d+s+c|+||+sc|ct||c+s|stodcco||cd+c+-
|cnc|+cst|utu|+|d+o|c|t+dcsuc+t+o|su+vczoc+s|on+d+c|ob+|xoconsumoc|c+|t+dc
|odutoss|dc|u|g|coscm+nos+ntc||o|cs||+ntcdcst+||m|t+io+ss|dc|u|g|c+sb|+s||c||+sdc-
scnvo|vc|+mc+c||c|o+|+mousodc|c||o-gus+so||don+c+|g+mct+||c+(cmto|nodc,o/)
dos|^|s|sto|oo|c|on++|gum+sv+nt+gcns
58
+) ||oduto+d|on|z+docomc+|+ctc||st|c+s||s|c+scu|m|c+s+dcu+d+s
b) ||oduto|scntodcc|cmcntoscont+m|n+ntcs(comoocob|cc|omocst+n|ocn|uc|)
uc|c,ud|c+m+u+||d+dcdos+os
c) ||odutouc|unc|on+comoc|cmcntod||u|do|dccont+m|n+ntcsdo+oc|m|t|ndo
+o|^||+b||c+|+osdc+|t+u+||d+dc
^^|cc|o|||tt+|cm|u|zdc|o|+ucc|+um+t||c+us|n+scm|-|ntcg|+d+const|u|udo|s+|tos-
|o|nos+c+|viovcgct+|^ss|m+ssou+ut|||z+||c||o-gus+||u|don+c+|g+mct+||c+dc|^||m
||mc||obcnc||c|odcst+|+t|c+|o|+umcnt+|+|oduioo|c+us+d+|cduiodotcmodc
co|||d+^|cmd|sso+|+c+d++ontoc|ccntu+|dc|c||o-gus+||u|do+d|c|on+doobtcm-sc
um+d|m|nu|iodoconsumodccnc|g|+c|ct||c+dc..|\|
Diretrizes e recomendaes
|xcctoc|+mcno|d|son|b|||d+dcdomcst|c+dcsuc+t+|c||os++s|dc|u|g|+b|+s||c||+b+scdc
|^|nio+|cscnt+g|+ndcsd|||cu|d+dcsno+|s|oucconcc|ncs|ccomcnd+ocsc|+so-
dcmsc|+g|ut|n+d+scmdu+sd||ct||zcs||nc|+|s
(d+)Osu||mcntodccnc|g|+c|ct||c++custoscomct|t|vos
(d.)Odcscnvo|v|mcntodcmodc|+mcntom+tcm+t|co+|+cont|o|cdo|occssod|-
nm|co(||gu|+,.)
A siderurgia brasileira apresenta
uma menor taxa de difuso da
aciaria eltrica, frente
indstria mundial, como reexo
da escassez de sucata ferrosa.
A principal diferena da
situao brasileira frente
indstria mundial refere-se
utilizao de uma elevada
proporo de ferro-gusa
slido na carga das aciarias
eltricas.
1. Suprimento de energia eltrica
a custos competitvos.
2. Desenvolvimento de
modelamento matemtico
para controle do processo
dinmico.
Figura 3.2: ^c|+:|+ c|ct:|c+ - s|tu+io +tu+| c o|:ct:|zcs
59
^ ||mc||+ |ccomcnd+io v|ncu|+-sc +o scto| c|ct||co b|+s||c||o ||+ntc d+ t|+,cto||+ dc |nc|c-
mcnto do custo d+ cnc|g|+ c|ct||c+ +|+ os scto|cs |ndust||+|s |css+|tc-sc + |cocu+io cm
g+|+nt||osu||mcntodccnc|g|+c|ct||c+cmcond|ocscomct|t|v+s+|++sus|n+sb+scdc
|^|(comouscm+|tos-|o|nos)+|||o||d+dcsc,ust|||c+||+c|o|+todcuc+s+c|+||+sc|ct||c+s
cv|t+mconsumos|ntcns|vosdcc+|vio|c|cscnt+ndoo|t+ntoum+|oduiom+|s||m+uc
+sdcm+|s|ot+stccno|og|c+s
^sdcm+|ssugcstocs+ont+m+|++ncccss|d+dcdcnovoscstudoscomcn|+scnodcscnvo|v|-
mcntodcmodc|+mcntom+tcm+t|co+|+cont|o|cdo|occssod|nm|co^ss|mdcvc-sc||o-
||z+|osscgu|ntcs+scctos
|nccnt|v+|cstudosucs|mu|cmnovosmodc|oss|dc|u|g|cos+|+o+|stcndo-sccmcont+
os |+to|cs dom|n+ntcs d+s su+s v+nt+gcns comct|t|v+s (m|nc||o dc |c||o c+|vio vcgct+|
dom|n|otccno|og|codom|n|+|to-|o|noctc)
|omcnt+|dcscnvo|v|mcntoscmm|n|-s|dc|u|g|c+so|mc|odcu+||c+iodccsso+|cm-
|cs+sb|+s||c||+sdccngcn|+||+c||n|+scscc|+|sdcn+nc|+mcnto
||+bo|+|csu|s+sob|cnovos|occssosdcdcscont+m|n+io|cv|+dcsuc+t+s||nc|+|-
mcntccm|c|+io+osc|cmcntoscob|cn|uc|cst+n|ocz|nco
||ov|dcnc|+| +n+||scs tccn|co-cconom|c+s dc |occssos u|m|cos dc dcscont+m|n+io dc
suc+t+s,+com|ov+dos
||+bo|+|csu|s+sccstudos|c|+c|on+dosstccno|og|+sdc|c-+ucc|mcntodcsuc+t+(|c+to|
dccub+|uc|ss|stcm+Constcc||occsso|;|C)c+sconscucntcs|m||c+ocs+mb|cnt+|s
|cscnvo|vc| cstudos +cc|c+ d+ comct|t|v|d+dc dc |ot+s uc contcm|cm um m+|o| uso
dc|c||o-gus+||u|doc|c-|cduz|dosn+c+|g+mct+||c+dos|^|scomb+sccmcxc||cnc|+s
n+c|on+|sc|ntc|n+c|on+|s
|st|mu|+|csu|s+sdcmodc|+gcmm+tcm+t|c+do|occssocm|^|comv|st+s+s|mu|+|o
|c-+ucc|mcntodcsuc+t+m+|o|cst+x+sdc|n,ciodcc+|bonocdcox|gcn|obcmcomo
omcno|consumocscc|codcsuc+t+
|cscnvo|vc|s|stcm+s+|+o+|ovc|t+mcntodog+sdc+c|+||+c|ct||c++|+co-gc|+iocom
+b+t|mcnton+|oduiodccm|ssocsdcg+sdcc|c|tocstu|+
60
3.3 Produo direta de ao
Contexto internacional
^oss|b|||d+dcdc|oduiod||ct+dc+o(ou|c||odcb+|xoc+|bono)mcd|+ntc+ut|||z+iodc
+cn+sum|c+to|+|++|c+||z+iod+soc|+ocsdc|cduiocm|+sc||u|d+(b+t|smc|t|ng)c
dc|c||noostc||o|(convc|so|)|c|cscnt+um+|nov+io|+d|c+|+|++|ndust||+s|dc|u|g|c+||+
|cvo|uc|on+||+tod++c+dc|+s|dc|u|g|c++|ct+ndocm+|t|cu|+|+sct++sdc|cduioc|c||no
C|+ndccs|o|odccsu|s+vcmscndocm|ccnd|do+|+odcscnvo|v|mcntod+|oduiod|-
|ct+dc+o|+cx|stcmt|csvc|socstccno|og|c+stcst+d+scmcsc+|+-||otonos|o,ctos
+) ^mc||c+n||on+ndtcc||nst|tutc-|||ccttcc|m+||ng(^||-|nos|st+dos|n|dos)
b) |nst|tutdc|cc|c|c|csdc|+|dc|u|g|c||+nc+|sc(||||n+Comun|d+dc|u|oc|+)
c) ||con(^|||c+dou|)
^ |cduio cm |+sc ||u|d+ tcm s|do csu|s+d+ tcnt+ndo-sc o uso d||cto dc c+|vio m|nc|+|
nio-couc|||c+vc|Ocont|o|cd+csum+iod+scsco||+sccons|dc|+d+oc|+ioc||t|c++|++
cst+b|||d+dcdcsscs|occssos|o|||modcsg+stcdos|c||+t+||osnos|c+to|csdc|usio-|cduto|+
(b+t|smc|t|ng)sio|cocu+ocsoc|+c|on+|ssc||+sm+|o|csucnos|occssosconvcnc|on+|s
Diretrizes e recomendaes
|io|o||dcnt|c+d+ncn|um+|n|c|+t|v+cmto|nodcstctcm+no||+s||dct+||o|m+uco
cstudoo|c|ccc+sscgu|ntcs|ccomcnd+ocs
||omovc|um|og|+m+dcv|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+|c|+t|v+mcntcsvc|socsdost|cs|occs-
soscmdcscnvo|v|mcntocdcout|+s|n|c|+t|v+scmc|gcntcs
^o|+| +s csu|s+s b+s|c+s sob|c os |und+mcntos do b|nom|o |usio-|cduto|+;|cno cm
cond|ocss|mu|+d+s
|nccnt|v+|cstudos+cc|c+d+oss|b|||d+dcdousodcc+|vocsdcb|om+ss+snos|occssosdc|o-
duiod||ct+ccont|nu+dc+onoscnt|dodc+d|c|on+|m+|c+ntcsv+nt+gcnssoc|o-+mb|cnt+|s
|st+s |ccomcnd+ocs odcm sc| +g|u+d+s cm um+ d||ct||z |c|+c|on+d+ +o dcscnvo|v|mcnto
c|cnt|||co-tccno|og|co
61
CAPTULO 4
LINGOTAMENTO E LAMINAO
^ossc||oduz|do(cmcst+do||u|do)o+o|cc|s+sc|so||d|||c+doc|cs|||+do|stc|occssoc
con|cc|docomo||ngot+mcnto|umscgundomomcntoc|cct|+ns|o|m+docm|odutos||n+|s
num+ct++dcnom|n+d+|+m|n+io|+|+t|+t+|dcstc+ssuntocstcc+|tu|od||c|cnc|++sucstocs
m+|sd||ct+mcntc|c|+c|on+d+s+o|occsso|odut|vod+uc|+sm+|s+ssoc|+d+s+os|odutos
4.1 Tecnologia de processos em lingotamento e laminao
Contexto internacional
O||ngot+mcntoconvcnc|on+|cocont|nuosio+sdu+stccno|og|+sm+|sd||und|d+scmtc|mosdc
|cs|||+mcnto|mcsc+|+g|ob+|m+|sdc,o/dctodo+o|oduz|doc||ngot+docont|nu+mcntc
|stc|occsso(cons|dc|+doum+|nov+io|+d|c+|n+|ndust||+mund|+|)oss|b|||tou+|+b||c+iodc
|odutoss|dc|u|g|cosdcmc||o|u+||d+dcumcons|dc|+vc|g+n|odc|cnd|mcntomct+||co(,/
++o/)cum+s|gn|||c+t|v+|ct|+iodccustos|o,cocm|cgodo||ngot+mcntoconvcnc|on+|sc
|cst||ng|u+ouc+s+||c+ocsnosu+|sc|csc+|cscnt+como+un|c+so|uiocconom|c+^|+m|-
n+ioo|cst+|,us+ntcdo||ngot+mcntot+mbcmtcvcucsc+d+t+|+cst+tccno|og|+
^tccno|og|+dc||ngot+mcntocont|nuo||nc|+|mcntcdc|odutosdcscocs|c|+t|v+mcntcg|+n-
dcs(|+c+sdc.oo+.,ommdccscssu|+ct+|ugosu+d|+dos++|t||dc+oommdcd|mcnsio)
cst+ |+t|c+mcntc cst+b|||z+d+ ^ ||ngot+b|||d+dc (+ c++c|d+dc dc o +o ||u|do ||u|| ||v|cmcntc
+t|+vcsd+v+|vu|+d++nc|+cdod|st||bu|do|)coscucnc|+mcntodcco|||d+scstio|c|+t|v+mcn-
tcbcmcont|o|+dos^ss|monumc|odcco|||d+s|oduz|doscmscucnc|+s(|nd|c+do||c|cv+ntc
+|+ o |cnd|mcnto c + c||c|cnc|+ do ||ngot+mcnto cont|nuo) |o,c c |+t|c+mcntc ||m|t+do c|+
u+nt|d+dcdcdctc|m|n+dog|+udc+o+sc||oduz|docnioc|+tccno|og|+dc||ngot+mcnto
^||mc||+gc|+iodo||ngot+mcntocont|nuoot||c|s|+bcont|nuousc+st|ng(noc+sodc+os
|+nosucv|+b|||zou|odutoscomcscssu|+sdc.,ommcv+||+s|+|gu|+s)cdcusogcnc|+||-
62
z+don+s|dc|u|g|+mund|+||st+||mc||+gc|+ioodct+mbcmsc|dcnom|n+d+dc||ngot+-
mcntocont|nuoc|+ss|cood+v|+++|t||d+dcc+d+dc+,soodcscnvo|v|mcntod+tccno|og|+
dc||ngot+mcntocont|nuodc|+c+s||n+s(t||ns|+bcont|nuousc+st|ng+|++os|+nos)os-
s|b|||tou+|+b||c+iodc|odutoscomcscssu|+sdc,o+eommco|nc|cmcntod+vc|oc|d+dc
d+m+u|n+dc||ngot+mcnto+|+,++omct|os;m|nutosConscucntcmcntc|nc|cmcntoscx-
|css|vosdc|odut|v|d+dc|o|+m+|c+n+dos
|m||n|+sgc|+|sobsc|v+-sc+tcndcnc|+dcucos|oduto|csdc+os|+nosucconccnt|+m
om+|o|vo|umcdc+os|oduz|doscm+c|+||+||+sscm+oc|+|com||ngot+mcntocont|-
nuodccscssu|+c+d+vczmcno|busc+ndoocn|o|n+mcntod||ctoou+|oduiocont|nu+
|mout|+s+|+v|+s+o|nvcsdc|oduz|||+c+sucsiocs|||+d+s+|+|nsciooucstoucc
ostc||o|mcntc|c+ucc|d+s+|++|+m|n+io(coms|gn|||c+t|v+c|d+dccnc|g|+)|c|c|c-sc+
ut|||z+iodc|occssoscmucoc+|o||cscntcn+|+c++os||ngot+mcntosc,++|ovc|t+do
+|+ot|+b+||o+ucntcn+|+m|n+io|stocon||gu|+um+com+ct+iodo|occsso|odut|vo
|odc-sc+|||m+|uc+|oduiodcbob|n+s|+m|n+d+s+ucntccst+c+m|n|+ndo+|+um+t+-
m+|dccscssu|+s|n|c||o|cs+.mmcm|uniod+tccno|og|+dct|oc+dccscssu|+du|+ntco
|occsso(||y|ngg+ugcc|+ngc)+|+on|vc|dc+mm|o|cont+d|stocsc|+-scum+conco||cn-
c|+c|csccntccnt|c+sbob|n+s|+m|n+d+s+ucntcc+sbob|n+s|+m|n+d+s+|||ocm+||c+ocs
gc|+|sn+|+|x+dc+|ox|m+d+mcntc+.mmdccscssu|+
Out|o+sccto|mo|t+ntcd|z|csc|to+oconcc|to+o||mo(c|c+nstcc|)ucco||csondc
b+|x+||cucnc|+dcdc|c|tosno|oduto||n+|ucoss+msc|+t||bu|dos|o|m+iodcox|dos
du|+ntc+|+b||c+iodo+o+|concc|tovcmscto|n+ndoumcond|c|on+ntc|m|csc|nd|vc|do
||ngot+mcntocont|nuo
^|+m|n+iocum|occssodccon|o|m+iomccn|c+ucoss|b|||t++t|+ns|o|m+iodc|+-
c+scmbob|n+s|+m|n+d+s+ucntccc|++sg|oss+s(noc+sodc+os|+nos)cdcb|ocosct+|u-
goscmvc|g+||ocsc|||sb+||+sc||o-m+u|n+(nodc+os|ongos)^s|o||cd+dcsdosmct+|s
siogc|+|mcntcmc||o|+d+sc|+con|o|m+iomccn|c+|cstcc+sooc|c|tom+|s|c|cv+ntcco
cnc|u+mcnto(cndu|cc|mcntoo|dc|o|m+io|+st|c+)||cucntcmcntcut|||z+docom+||n+||-
d+dcdc+umcnt+|+|cs|stcnc|+mccn|c+dosm+tc||+|s
O|occssodc|+m|n+ioodcsc||c|to+|||oou+ucntc|o|m+|mcntc+|+m|n+io+ucntc
cus+d++|++soc|+ocsdcdcsb+stcc+|+m|n+io+|||o+|++soc|+ocsdc+c+b+mcnto
63
|st+s cnvo|vcm oc|+ocs dc t|+t+mcntos tc|m|cos (cs|c|o|d|z+io no|m+||z+io |ccoz|mcn-
to ctc) ou t|+t+mcntos suc|||c|+|s (z|nc+gcm cst+n|+gcm ccmcnt+io us|n+gcm tcmc|+
suc|||c|+|ctc)^mc||o||+dodcscmcn|od+|+m|n+iovcm|cuc|cndoum+m+|o||nst|u-
mcnt+iocumcon|cc|mcnto|cnomcno|og|com+|s|o|undodcstc|occsso(c+|g+dcsg+stc
|o|m+stcmc|+tu|+sm|c|ocst|utu|+s|o||cd+dcsmccn|c+sctc)
|oc+sod+|+m|n+iodc|odutos|ongosm+|s|cccntcmcntc|o||nt|oduz|dooconcc|todc||n|+s
dc|+m|n+ioscm||m(cnd|css|o|||ng)n+su+|soscsboossioun|dos+t|+vcsdcso|d+du|+ntco
|occss+mcntonot|cmdc|+m|n+io|cst+|o|m+coss|vc|c||m|n+|tcmosmo|toscnt|c|+m|-
n+ocssuccss|v+sdccsbooscd|m|nu|||ob|cm+sdcv+||+ocsdctcmc|+tu|++g+||+mcntodo
csbooc|osc|||nd|oscbob|n+mcntodos|odutos|stct|odccon||gu|+io|o|cstcnd|do+|+
o||ngot+mcntoc|+m|n+ioscm||m(cnd|cssc+st|ng+nd|o|||ng)nou+|o+oc||ngot+docont|-
nu+mcntcot+|ugotcmsu+tcmc|+tu|+un||o|m|z+d+scndo+scgu|||+m|n+doct|+t+dotc|m|-
c+mcntccmum+un|c+||n|+dc|oduioconcct+d++mbcmodcsc|cons|dc|+doum|mo|-
t+ntc|og|csson+con||gu|+iod+s||n|+sdc|+m|n+io+ut|||z+iodc|c-|o|m+s(bc+mb|+n|)
||ngot+d+s cont|nu+mcntc como m+tc||+-||m+ dos |+m|n+do|cs dc c|||s ^ss|m scmc||+n+
dos|odutos|+nos+|og|c+dct+|s|nov+ocsccom+ct+|cs|nc|on|z+|+sct++sdc|+b||c+io
Contexto nacional
^||n|+do cxc||cnc|+ mund|+| m+|s dc ,o/ do +o b|+s||c||o c ||ngot+do cont|nu+mcntc (cm
||ngot+mcntocont|nuoc|+ss|co)|o|out|o|+donio|o||nst+|+doncn|umcu|+mcntodct||n
s|+bcont|nuousc+st|ng(+os|+nos)ncmdcnc+|-nct-s|+cc+st|ng(||C+|++os|ongos)
^sus|n+sb|+s||c||+scmtc|mosoc|+c|on+|sdcsu+s|+m|n+ocssiocons|dc|+d+s+tu+||z+d+s
|o+|uc|ndust||+|b|+s||c||odc|o|m+s|m||+|+o+d|io|ntc|n+c|on+|siocncont|+dosv+||os
t|osdc+||+n,os||s|cos+|+|+b||c+iodc|odutoss|dc|u|g|cos+|d|vc|s|d+dccconscucnc|+
dosscgu|ntcs|+to|cs
+) O cst+g|o do dcscnvo|v|mcnto tccno|og|co do |o|ncccdo| do cu|+mcnto dc
|+m|n+io
b) Omont+ntcdc|nvcst|mcntod|son|vc|nomomcntod+|m|+nt+ioc+o|ongodos
+nosdc|unc|on+mcntod+us|n+
c) ^c++c|d+dcdc|oduiocscc|c+d+cd+s|utu|+s+m||+ocs+|mc,+d+s
d) ^m|stu|+dc|oduio|cv|st+(t|odc+ot|odc|odutoc|cu|s|tosdcu+||d+dc)
64
Diretrizes e recomendaes
^s|ccomcnd+ocsodcmsc|+g|u+d+scmto|nodcdu+sd||ct||zcs||mo|d|+|s
(d+) ^|o|und+mcnto do con|cc|mcnto dc tccno|og|+s +|nd+ nio d|sscm|n+d+s n+
s|dc|u|g|+b|+s||c||+
(d.) Ot|m|z+io d+s cond|ocs dc |unc|on+mcnto d+s tccno|og|+s ,+ d||und|d+s no
+|ucs|dc|u|g|cob|+s||c||o(||gu|+|+)

A taxa de difuso de lingota-

mento contnuo no Brasil
similar da indstria mundial.
As laminaes so atualizadas.
Novos processos que visam
compactao de processos
produtivos ainda no foram
difundidos no pas.
1. Conhecimento de tecnologias
ainda no disseminadas na
siderurgia brasileira.
2. Melhoria das condies de
funcionamento das
tecnologias j difundidas no
parque brasileiro.
Figura 4.1: |:occssos oc ||ngot+mcnto c |+m|n+io - s|tu+io +tu+| c o|:ct:|zcs
|m|c|+io+om+|o|con|cc|mcnto+cc|c+dctccno|og|+s+|nd+nio+dot+d+sno+|s|ccomcnd+-sc
||omovc| cstudos |c|+t|vos +os |occssos com+ct st|| |oduct|on (C|) c |n ||nc st||
|oduct|on (||) dc |ntcg|+io dc ||ngot+mcnto cont|nuo com |+m|n+io + ucntc (+os
|+nos)ob,ct|v+ndoousodcst+stccno|og|+scm|utu|oniomu|tod|st+ntc
^o|+||o,ctomu|t|-|nst|tuc|on+|+|+odom|n|od+tccno|og|+||Cv|s+ndo|+b||c+io
dc|odutos(+os|ongos)cmvc|oc|d+dcsd+o|dcmdc.oomct|os;m|nutobcmcomosu+
v|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+cmn|vc|mund|+|
|omcnt+||nvcst|g+ocssob|cosmcc+n|smosdc|o|m+iodcscg|cg+ocscsc+|+iodc
|nc|usocscmcond|ocss|mu|+d+sdc|+|d+so||d|c+io(|occsso||C)tccn|c+stw|n|o||
st||c+stc|cs|ng|cbc|tc+st|ngcosco||csondcntcs||m|tcs+dm|ss|vc|sdccont+m|n+ntcs
||+bo|+||o,ctodcv|g||nc|+tccno|og|c++|csc|tododcscnvo|v|mcntodc|t|osu|m|cos
cmccn|cos+|+|nc|usocs|o,ccmcu|sonocxtc||o|
65
u+nto mc||o||+ d+s cond|ocs oc|+c|on+|s d+s tccno|og|+s cm uso c|+s s|dc|u|g|c+s
b|+s||c||+s|ccomcnd+-sc
|st|mu|+|cstudossob|c+m|n|m|z+iodc+t||tocmmo|dcsdc||ngot+mcntov|+uxosv|-
s+ndo+o+c||c|o+mcntodos|o,ctosdcm+u|n+s
^o|+|o|og|+m+mu|t|-|nst|tuc|on+|dcmodc|+gcmm+tcm+t|c+dos|occssosdc|+m|n+-
io|o,c,+nuc|c+donomb|tod+^||
|omcnt+| o dcscnvo|v|mcnto dc u|dos dc |+m|n+io uc g+|+nt+m m+|o| cc|cnc|+ n+
|c|||gc|+iodosc|||nd|os
4.2 Produtos (aos planos e longos)
Contexto internacional
|osu|t|mos+nos+tccno|og|+d+const|uioc|v||cm+otcmmost|+do+v+noss|gn|||c+t|vos
cng|ob+ndo |o,ctos dc c|cv+d+ com|cx|d+dc como |cd|os dc mu|t|-+nd+|cs (s|ysc|+c|s)
ontcs dc g|+ndc o|tc c so||st|c+d+s cst|utu|+s cscc|+|s O dcscnvo|v|mcnto n+ const|uio
c|v|| |cuc| mc||o|cs |o||cd+dcs mccn|c+s so|d+b|||d+dc |cduio dc cso +c+b+mcnto c
|ntcg|+io +mb|cnt+| O m+|o| |ntc|cssc |cc+| sob|c os c|+m+dos +os cst|utu|+|s dc mcd|+ c
+|t+|cs|stcnc|+mccn|c+(dcv|dosu+|cs|stcnc|+mccn|c+duct|||d+dccout|+s|o||cd+dcs
os+oscst|utu|+|ssio+dcu+dos+|++ut|||z+iocmc|cmcntosdcconst|uio)Os||nc|+|s
|cu|s|tos+|+os+osdcst|n+dos+||c+iocst|utu|+|sio
||cv+d+tcnsiodccsco+mcntoc|cv+d+tcn+c|d+dcbo+so|d+b|||d+dc|omogcnc|d+dcm|c|o-
cst|utu|+|bo+con|o|m+b|||d+dc+|||oc+ucntcsuscct|b|||d+dcdcco|tco|c|+m+scmcn-
du|cc|mcntocbo+t|+b+||+b|||d+dccmoc|+ocst+|scomoco|tc|u|+iocdob|+mcntoscm
ucsco||g|ncm||ssu|+souout|osdc|c|tos
^sucstocs+tu+|sd+|ndust||++utomob|||st|c+sc|undcmcom+sucstocsdcmc|o+mb|cntcc
cnc|g|+c+ss|mcom+sdcm+nd+scm|c|+io+osm+tc||+|sucsiout|||z+dosn+|+b||c+iodc
umc+||o^s||nc|+|sdcm+nd+ssio
|cduio dc cso +bso|io dc cnc|g|+ dc |m+cto (c|+s|wo|t||ncss) scgu|+n+ c d|m|nu|io
dc cm|ssio dc C|| |st+ u|t|m+ cons|dc|+ o c|c|o dc v|d+ com|ccndcndo dcsdc + |oduio
do+o+tc+|cc|c|+gcmdovc|cu|o(c|+dd|ctog|+vc)^|ox|m+d+mcntceo/dosg|+usdc+os
ut|||z+dos|o,cn+|ndust||++utomob|||st|c+|o|+mdcscnvo|v|dosnosu|t|mosc|ncos+nosioos
66
+osdc+|t+|cs|stcnc|+(||g|-st|cngt|stcc|s|)+os+v+n+dosdc+|t+|cs|stcnc|+(+dv+nccd
||g|-st|cngt|stcc|s^|)c+osdcu|t|+-+|t+|cs|stcnc|+(u|t|+-||g|-st|cngt|stcc|s||)scn-
do,ust+mcntcncstcscgmcntouccx|stcmoo|tun|d+dcsdcdcscnvo|v|mcntosdc||ontc||+
|+|ndust||+doct|o|coumdosm+|o|csdcs+||osc+|oduion+c|on+|dc+osdc+|t+|cs|s-
tcnc|+ +|+ sc|v|o +c|do com conscucntc |ocnsio + |ob|cm+s dc ||+g|||z+io |nduz|d+
c|o||d|ogcn|o(|yd|ogcn|nduccdc|+c||ng||C)^ss|modcscnvo|v|mcntodc+osdu|cxdc
m+|o||cs|stcnc|+co||osiocm+|o||cs|stcnc|+mccn|c+oss|b|||t+|+um+m+|o|v|d+ut||m+|o|
scgu|+n+cd|m|nu|iodccso
O+o|csondco|cc|c+dc../docusto||n+|dcumn+v|ocosdcscnvo|v|mcntosdc+os
+|++||c+ocsm|||t+|cs|cvoucvo|uiodos+osdc+|t+|cs|stcnc|+(||g|tcns||cstcc||)
ut|||z+do +ntc||o|mcntc cm n+v|os comc|c|+|s +|+ +os dc +|to csco+mcnto (||g| y|c|d |)
|m|cg+ndotccn|c+s+v+n+d+sos|o,ct|st+stcmconscgu|dout|||z+|c|++scc|cmcntoscs-
t|utu|+|sm+|s||noscu,+sv+nt+gcnsniosc||m|t+m+|ct|+iodccustoscmconst|uion+v+|
m+st+mbcmcons|dc|+m+cconom|+dcconsumodccombust|vc|
|mbo|+noscto|dcut|||d+dcsdomcst|c+sniocx|st+mg|+ndcsnov|d+dcsvc||||c+-scn+||n|+
b|+nc++tcndcnc|+dcm+|o|cm|cgodc|c-|nt+dosc|cvcst|dosOconsumodc+osc|ct||-
cosdcmcd|+++|t+c||c|cnc|+t+mbcm+umcnt+|+nos|ox|mos+noscomot+mbcmcdcsc
csc|+|um|nc|cmcnto+cc|c|+dod+|+b||c+iodc+osdcm+|o|v+|o|+g|cg+dot+|scomo+os
|nox|d+vc|sc+os|cvcst|doscscc|+|mcntcosg+|v+n|z+dos(t+mbcmc|+m+dosdcz|nc+dos)
Contexto nacional
|o||+s||+cs+|docx|css|voc|csc|mcnto|cccntcd+scst|utu|+smct+||c+snomc|c+dob|+-
s||c||osu++|t|c|+ioc+|nd+cucn+^const|uioc|v||(conc|cto+|m+docvc|g+||ocs)c
dom|n+ntc|o+|s+|nd+niosc|oduzc|||scs+dos|+m|n+dos+c|m+dceoommouc++-
|cntcmcntcsc|+conto|n+docom|nvcst|mcntosuc+Cc|d+u^om|n+scst+|cv+ndo+c+bon+
us|n+dcOu|o||+ncocm||n+sCc|+|s
O scto| +utomot|vo b|+s||c||o tcm +|cscnt+do um+ t|+,cto||+ dc +m||+io do uso dc +o dc
+|t+|cs|stcnc|+t+|scomo|+|t+|cs|stcnc|+b+|x+||g+(||g|st|cng|t|ow+||oy||^)cb||+s|cos
(du+||+sc||)|o|cmnomb|todosc|+m+dos+v+n+dos(^|)+ss|dc|u|g|c+scstio+|nd+
dcscnvo|vcndoos+os||cb+|n|t|cos(dc+|t+|cs|stcnc|+)t+ntosob+|o|m+dcbob|n+|+m|n+d++
67
ucntcu+ntodcbob|n+|+m|n+d++|||occ|++g+|v+n|z+d+|cstcmodo+|ndust||+domcst|c+
+|nd+sc+|cscnt+cmumcst+g|o|n|c||o|cm|c|+io+ocst+do-d+-+|tcmund|+|Osnovos|cvcst|-
mcntos+ut|||z+iod+tccn|c+dcdcos|ion+|+scdcv+o|(|+scv+o|dcos|t|on|V|)+|+
+dcos|iodc|cvcst|mcntosdcc|cv+d+|cs|stcnc|+co||osio,+cst+scndo+v+||+d+
|cvc-sct+mbcmmcnc|on+|uc+|+|t+dc|cgu|+mcnt+iodoConsc||o|+c|on+|dc|ns|to
(CO||^|)nouct+ngcscgu|+n+dcvc|cu|oscm+c|dcntcso|co||sioccom|ccnd|d+
comoumobst+cu|o+odcscnvo|v|mcntodc+os+|+oscto|+utomot|vob|+s||c||o
O scto| dc ct|o|co c g+s n+tu|+| vcm +|cscnt+ndo cvo|uio s|gn|||c+t|v+ no ||+s|| com dc-
m+nd+s c|csccntcs dc +os com mc||o|cs dcscmcn|os cst|utu|+|s c |cs|stcntcs co||osio
|u|tost|osdc+osiout|||z+doso|css+|ndust||+|nc|u|ndo-scnoc+so+os+|+c||u|+io
cx|o|+iocd|st||bu|io|ocnt+ntoom+|o|vo|umccst+n+c|+ssc^mc||c+n|ct|o|cum|ns-
t|tutc(^||)ut|||z+d++|++|+b||c+iodctubosdcg|+ndcd|mct|occsscnc|+|sn+const|uio
d+s||n|+sdutov|+||+s|mbo|+odcscnvo|v|mcntodo+o^||Xso,+|+b||c+dono||+s||tcn|+
s|do|c+||z+docomsuccsso+su++||c+iotcms|do||m|t+d++os||sc|scm|+t+|o|m+sdcc|-
|u|+io ^s d|||cu|d+dcs dc |oduio do ^|| Xso dcco|||+m d+ |+|t+ dc tccno|og|+ dc |cs|||+-
mcnto+cc|c|+douc|o||cccntcmcntc|nt|oduz|d+no+|sc|+|s|m|n+s
Oscto|d+|ndust||+n+v+|tcm+|cscnt+dotcndcnc|++|+ousodc+osm|c|o||g+dos(cm+|-
t|cu|+|comcob|c)oub+|n|t|cosscmcom|omct|mcntodcsu+sso|d+b|||d+dcscndocmv|st+
uc+|ndust||+n+v+|b|+s||c||+|+t|c+mcntc||coudcsmob|||z+d+o|v+||os+nosnioscconst+-
t+|+mnovosdcscnvo|v|mcntosnoucd|z|csc|to+os|odutoss|dc|u|g|cos
|cummodogc|+|c|nco|+to|csconco||cm+|+|n|b||odcscnvo|v|mcntodcnovos+osno||+s||
+) ||cv+d+|nst+b|||d+dcdcmc|c+do
b) ^|tocusto|cuc||do+|+odcscnvo|v|mcnto
c) |+|t+dcc++c|t+iocmtc|mosdc|ccu|sos|um+nosc|n||+cst|utu|+|+bo|+to||+|
d) |cs|n|o|m+ioo|+|tcdosusu+||os+cc|c+dcnovost|osdc+o
c) |+|t+dc+d|on|z+iocmcscc|+|d+|ndust||++utomob|||st|c+oucd|cu|t++t|ng||
+csc+|+m|n|m+ot|m+dc|oduio
68
Diretrizes e recomendaes
|u+ssio+sd||ct||zcs||nc|+|s
(d+)|on|to|+mcnto(|og|+m+dcv|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+mund|+|)cm|c|+io+osno-
vos|odutoss|dc|u|g|cosc+|t|cu|+iocnt|c+sus|n+ss|dc|u|g|c+scosconsum|do|cs
+|+ocst+bc|cc|mcntodc||o||d+dcsu+nto+odcscnvo|v|mcntodcnovos+os
(d.) ^o|o +o dcscnvo|v|mcnto dc |odutos s|dc|u|g|cos dc m+|o| sost|c+io tcc-
no|og|c+(||gu|+|.)
A indstria siderrgica mundial
vem desenvolvendo aos planos
de maior sosticao
tecnolgica.
A siderurgia brasileira
apresenta alguns casos
relevantes de defasagem em
termos de oferta domstica de
laminados planos e indisponi-
bilidade de oferta em alguns
tipos de laminados longos.
1. Monitoramento dos novos
produtos siderrgicos e
articulao entre usinas
siderrgicas e consumidores.
2. Apoio ao desenvolvimento de
aos de maior sosticao
tecnolgica.
Figura 4.2: ^os ||+nos c |ongos - s|tu+io +tu+| c o|:ct:|zcs
u+nto+omon|to|+mcntodosnovos|odutoss|dc|u|g|cosc+|t|cu|+iocnt|c+sus|n+ss|dc-
|u|g|c+scosconsum|do|cs+|+ocst+bc|cc|mcntodc||o||d+dcs+|+odcscnvo|v|mcntodc
novos+os|ccomcnd+-sc
|st+bc|ccc|um|og|+m+dc+m|+v|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+cmmb|tomund|+||oc+||z+don+
conccioc|oduiodcnovos+os
Const|u||+m+t||zdc|odutos|oduz|dosno||+s||(contcndoc+|+ctc||st|c+su|m|c+scs-
t|utu|+|sdc|o||cd+dcs)ccon||ont+-|+com+d+|ndust||+mund|+|comob,ct|vodccst|-
mu|+|o+v+nog|+du+|dos|odutos|+b||c+dosdomcst|c+mcntc
|st+bc|ccc||occssodccooc|+iocomosusu+||osv|s+ndo+|dcnt|c+|c||o||z+|osnovos
t|osdc+o+sc|cmdcscnvo|v|dos+ss|mcomo+|ovc|t+|+sv+nt+gcnsdosnovos|odutos
69
|m|c|+io+o+o|o+odcscnvo|v|mcntodc+osdcm+|o|so||st|c+iotccno|og|c+|ccomcnd+-sc
|nvcst|| n+ |o|m+io dc |cdcs dc csu|s+ (csso+| |n||+cst|utu|+ ctc) com o ob,ct|vo dc
+umcnt+|+c++c|t+io+|+dcscnvo|v|mcntodc+osm+|ssost|c+dosdc|o|m++||n|+d+
stcndcnc|+smund|+|s
|cscnvo|vc|cc+|+ctc||z+|osnovos+os|odutost+ntodccsc+|+|+bo|+to||+|u+ntod+
csc+|+|ndust||+|
|st+bc|ccc||c|+ocsdccooc|+iocomoscto|dc|c||o-||g+comoob,ct|vodc|cduiodos
custosdcstc|nsumobcmcomoodcscnvo|v|mcntodc|c||o||g+s+dcu+dos|+b||c+iodc
+osm+|ssost|c+dos
^o|+|+scsu|s+scnvo|vcndoos+os^|dctc|cc||+gc|+io(.o+eo/dc+|ong+mcnto
ceoo+,oo||+dc|cs|stcnc|+)+|++|ndust||++utomot|v+
|omcnt+|os|o,ctosdc|ntc|+ioun|vc|s|d+dc-|ndust||+dcct|o|cocg+sn+tu|+|cm|c|+-
io+odcscnvo|v|mcntodc+os||C|cs|stcntcs+os+mb|cntcs+c|dos
|st|mu|+|csu|s+s+||c+d+snoscnt|dodcscv|+b|||z+|+|oduiodc+oscomm+|o||c-
s|stcnc|++oc+|o|+|+cst|utu|+smct+||c+s(c|sso|d+dos)
|cscnvo|vc| cstudos cscc|cos sob|c + oo|tun|d+dc dc |oduio dc |+m|n+dos |ongos
+|nd+nio|oduz|dosno+|scomoo|cxcm|ot||||oscdo|mcntcsmct+||cos
70
CAPTULO 5
GESTO AMBIENTAL
5.1 Gesto ambiental
Contexto internacional
^s c+|+ctc||st|c+s m+|s |c|cv+ntcs no toc+ntc +os +scctos o||t|cos c |nst|tuc|on+|s d+ gcstio
+mb|cnt+|n++tu+||d+dcsio
+) C|csccntcc+m|+|cocu+io+mb|cnt+|
b) ||o|||c|+iodcno|m+sc+d+vczm+|s|cst||t|v+s+|+++io|um+n+cx|o|+do|+dos
|ccu|sosn+tu|+|s
c) |x+cc|b+iod+|ut+c|+|csc|v+iodccu|tu|+scctn|+s|oc+|s
d) ^m||+iod++tu+iodoc|+m+dotc|cc||oscto|
c) |o|t+|cc|mcntod+s+ocsd+so|g+n|z+ocs+mb|cnt+|s
+|s|+to|cs|nd|c+mumnovo+d|iodcdcscnvo|v|mcnto+|+ou+|+scm|cs+sdcv+mcst+|
+tcnt+sodcscnvo|v|mcntosustcnt+vc|
|c|+tonioscdcvccsc|+|u+|uc|n|vc|dc||cx|b|||z+ioouno|m+sm+|sb|+nd+snomb|to
|cg+|c|nst|tuc|on+|noc+mod+gcstio+mb|cnt+|^ocont|+||o+sno|m+ssc|ioc+d+vczm+|s
|cst||t|v+scomoconscucnc|+dc
+) |c|+to||osc|cnt|cosuc+ont+m+|+ocsgot+mcntodo|+nct+
b) |x|gcnc|+dcu+||d+dcdcv|d+o|+|tcd+scomun|d+dcs|oc+|s
c) V+|o|+ioc|csccntcdosscus|ccu|sosn+tu|+|sccu|tu|+|s
|ioscdcvc+gu+|d+|t+mbcmum+dcs+cc|c|+iodos|occssosdcdcsccnt|+||z+iodcc|so||+
+|+++gcnd++mb|cnt+|bcmcomoum+d|m|nu|iodo+c|d+soc|cd+dcncsscs|occssos
scuc|um+sc+|+io|+c|on+|d++ut++mb|cnt+|cd++ut+soc|+|
71
|+z-scncccss+||o+c||c|o+|osmodc|oscm|cs+||+|sdcgcstio+|+uc+scm|cs+scstc,+m
|c+|+d+s+|+onovo+|+d|gm+dodcscnvo|v|mcnto|stc|cssuoc
+) ^+|t|c|+iod+soc|cd+dc
b) Ocom+|t|||+mcntodc|n|o|m+ocs
c) ^t|+ns+|cnc|+n+gcstio
d) O|csc|to+osv+|o|cs|oc+|s+mb|cnt+|sccu|tu|+|s
c) Oc|cv+don|vc|dc|cssio|ntc|n+c|on+|+|++|csc|v+io+mb|cnt+|c
|) ^|uniogovc|n+mcnt+|o|mc|od+dcmoc|+c|++|t|c|+t|v+
|cstccontcxto+scm|cs+s|cc|s+mcom|omctc|-sccom+|nov+iotccno|og|c+c+c++-
c|t+io gc|cnc|+| +|+ um+ +tu+io soc|+| c +mb|cnt+|mcntc co||ct+ +|cm do uc cst+bc|ccc
+|cg|s|+io^dcm+|sncccss|t+mcst+|+d+t+d+sso||t|c+sdc|cduiod+cm|ssiodosC||
Contexto nacional
|o||+s||++|t|c|+iod+so|g+n|z+ocssoc|+|scscc|+|mcntc+s+mb|cnt+||st+snos|occssos
dcc|so||osucsc|c|c|cmgcstio+mb|cnt+||o||nst|tuc|on+||z+d++|mov|mcntoscguccm
cc|t+mcd|d+tcndcnc|+mund|+|dc+v+nodos|occssosdcmoc|+t|cos|nt|ct+ntono+|s+s
c|+m+d+s o|g+n|z+ocs nio-govc|n+mcnt+|s (O|Cs) +tc |cccntcmcntc nio t|n|+m ncn|um
cont|o|c c |cg|+ dc +tu+io |ssc dcso|dcn+mcnto c+us+ sc||os |ob|cm+s no uc sc |c|c|c
|cg|t|m|d+dc d+uc|+s uc +|t|c|+m dos co|cg|+dos dcc|so||os c sob|c o |c+ssc dc |ccu|sos
||n+ncc||osub||cos+|+su++tu+io
||sto||c+sc+|cnc|+ssoc|+|sccom|cxos|ob|cm+sdc|csc|v+iocu|tu|+|cctn|c++g|+v+d+so|
um+|cg|s|+iocu|voc+d+mcntc+tc|n+||st+cc|++uscnc|+do|st+don+o|c|t+dcsc|v|osso-
c|+|sb+s|coscm+|gum+s|cg|ocs|+zcmcomuc+|ut+c|+|csc|v+iodos|ccu|sosn+tu|+|ssc,+
m+|sum+|ut+soc|+|douc+mb|cnt+||cst+|o|m+cscc|+|mcntcnos|occssosdc||ccnc|+mcn-
togovc|nosccm|cs+s|cc|s+mcst+|+tcntos+|+ocst+bc|cc|mcntodc|c|+ocsc|ct|v+mcntc
sustcnt+vc|ssobcn+dc||c+|cmsob+tutc|+dcg|uos|oc+|scom|ntc|csscsniomu|toc|+|osc
conscucntcmcntc+ocst+bc|cc|mcntodcdcm+nd+s|n||nd+vc|scoucot|+ns+|cntcs
^scmc||+n+d+cxc||cnc|+|ntc|n+c|on+|c+bcscom+n||+s+com|ccnsiod+snov+stcn-
dcnc|+s |c|+c|on+d+s sustcnt+b|||d+dc c + |c||cxio sob|c + ncccss|d+dc dc +v+n+|cm +|nd+
m+|sscusmodc|oscm|cs+||+|s|stoccscc|+|mcntcvc|d+dc||onoucsc|c|c|c+omc||o|+-
72
mcntod+|c|+iocom+scomun|d+dcs(|c|cscnt+d+sc|osodc|cso||t|cos|oc+|scc|+so|-
g+n|z+ocsd+soc|cd+dcc|v||)coss|b|||d+dcdc+m||+|ovo|umcdc|nvcst|mcntoscm|no-
v+iotccno|og|c+cm+|t|cu|+|nouct+ngcstccno|og|+s||m+so|mc|odcum+m+|o|
+|ox|m+iocom+sun|vc|s|d+dcscccnt|ostccno|og|cos
Diretrizes e recomendaes
^s|ccomcnd+ocs|c|+t|v+s+ogc|cnc|+mcnto+mb|cnt+|odcmsc|+g|u+d+scmdu+sd||c-
t||zcs||nc|+|s
(d+)^c||c|o+mcntodosmodc|osdcgcstiocm|cs+||+|
(d.) ^|t|cu|+io govc|no;soc|cd+dc;cm|cs+ +|+ dcn|io dc |o,ctos +mb|cnt+|s
||o||t+||oscn+dc|cs+dos|ntc|csscsscto||+|scmncgoc|+ocs|ntc|n+c|on+|s(||gu|+,+)
Os novos paradigmas do
desenvolvimento pressupem a
participao da sociedade, o
compartilhamento de
informaes, a transparncia na
gesto e o respeito aos valores
locais ambientais.
No Brasil, carncias sociais,
problemas de perservao
cultural e ausncia do Estado na
oferta de servios sociais bsicos
fazem com que a luta pela
preservao dos recursos
naturais seja mais uma luta
social do que ambiental.
1. Aperfeioamento dos modelos
de gesto empresarial.
2. Articulao governo /
sociedade / empresa para
denio de projetos
ambientais e defesa dos
interesses setoriais em
negociaes internacionais.
Figura 5.1: cstio +mb|cnt+| - s|tu+io +tu+| c o|:ct:|zcs
|oucsc|c|+c|on++o+||mo|+mcntodosmodc|osdcgcstiocm|cs+||+||ccomcnd+-sc
^c||c|o+|osmodc|osdcgcstio+|+uc+scm|cs+scstc,+mmc||o|+||n|+d+s+onovo
+|+d|gm+dodcscnvo|v|mcnto
Com|omctc|-sccom+|nov+iotccno|og|c+c+c++c|t+iogc|cnc|+|+|+um++tu+io
soc|+|c+mb|cnt+|mcntcco||ct++|cmdouccst+bc|ccc+|cg|s|+io
73
u+nto+|t|cu|+iocnvo|vcndogovc|nosoc|cd+dccscto|cm|cs+||+||ccomcnd+-sc
^o|+|+mc||o|u+||c+iod+s|nst|tu|ocsub||c+s|o|m+|mcntcconst|tu|d+sdcmodo
+g+|+nt||+govc|n+b|||d+dcd+so||t|c+sub||c+s+mb|cnt+|sd+ndo+tcniocscc|+|+|++
+tu+iodoso|g+n|smosco|cg|+dos
|st+bc|ccc|o|+|tcd+scm|cs+sdc|o|m+con,unt+cncgoc|+d+comgovc|noscsoc|c-
d+dcmct+svo|unt+||+s|og|+m+sc|o,ctos||o||t+||os+|++|cduiodosC||
|omcnt+|d|scussiosob|c++doiodcb|o||cduto|cscomv|st+s+ocst+bc|cc|mcntodco-
||t|c+sccst|+tcg|+s
|nvo|vc|tod++c+dc|+m|nc|o-mct+|u|g|c+n+sncgoc|+ocs|ntc|n+c|on+|s+mb|cnt+|s+|+
uccm+tu+iocon,unt+comogovc|nob|+s||c||oos|ntc|csscsdoscto|sc,+mdc|cnd|dos
5.2 Gesto de emisso atmosfrica
Contexto internacional
^scm|ssocs+tmos|c||c+s+|nd+cont|nu+mscndo+ucstio+mb|cnt+|dcm+|o||m+ctono|o-
ccssos|dc|u|g|co||+scstioco||c|+c|on+d+sd||ct+mcntccom+cnc|g|+c+consc|v+iodc|ccu|-
soso|s+scm|ssocss|gn|||c+mc|d+dcm+tc||+|sccnc|g|+ucodc||+mcst+|scndo+|ovc|t+-
dosdcout|+|o|m+Comono|occssos|dc|u|g|co+|nd+niocoss|vc|cv|t+|+gc|+iodccm|s-
socs+tmos|c||c+scss+sdcvcmsc|m|t|g+d+sdc|o|m++m|n|m|z+|scus|m+ctos+o+mb|cntc
^t+x+dcgc|+iodcCO
.
s|tu+-sc+tu+|mcntcnum+|+|x+dc+,+o+..oo|g;tonc|+d+dc+o
b|uton+sus|n+s|ntcg|+d+s+couccdc|,o+eoo|g;tonc|+d+dc+ob|uton+sus|n+sscm|-
|ntcg|+d+s(||gu|+,.)^ct++dc|cduio|csondco|+|ox|m+d+mcntcs,/d+scm|ssocs
dcCO
.
n+sus|n+s|ntcg|+d+s+couc
74
1510 - 2200 kg / tp
450 - 600 kg / tp
CO
2
reciclado
como biomassa
Matria
prima
Alto-forno
Conversor
LD / BOF
Forno Eltrico
a Arco
Alto-forno
(Mini)
Matria
prima
Matria
prima
Figura 5.2: |m|sscs oc CO
.
cm :ot+s tccno|og|c+s s|oc:u:g|c+s sc|cc|on+o+s (|g ; tonc|+o+ oc +o)
^tu+|mcntccom+g|+ndc+tcnioucsccst+d+ndoscm|ssocsdosC||+s|dc|u|g|+cncon-
t|+-scnum+os|ioc||t|c+o|scumdosscto|csucm+|scm|tcmCO
.
n++tmos|c|+Como
conscucnc|++ss|dc|u|g|c+svcm+tu+|mcntcbusc+ndoc+d+vczm+|sm+|o|c||c|cnc|+cnos
u|t|mos,o+nos|cduz||+msu+scm|ssocsdcC||cm,,/|o||ssoto|n+-scd|||c||ocst+bc|cc|-
mcntodcmct+sdc|cduios|gn|||c+t|v+nocu|to|+zodos+tu+|s|nd|ccsdccm|ssio^cs+|
d|sso+scm|cs+ss|dc|u|g|c+svcm||o||z+ndo|o,ctosuc+umcntcm+c||c|cnc|+cnc|gct|c+
dctodoo|occssot+|scomo
+) |oc+dccombust|vc|s(cxcm|ot|oc+dog+s||uc|c|todcct|o|co;C||o|g+sn+tu|+|)
b) ^|ovc|t+mcntodcg+scs+|+gc|+iodccnc|g|+ccm|cgod+cnc|g|+c|nct|c+dos
g+scs(tu|b|n+dctoonos+|tos-|o|nos)
Out|o+scctomu|to|c|cv+ntcco|+todcuco|cst+|cm|nt|m+mcntc|ntc|||g+d+s+s||nc|-
+|s|n|c|+t|v+smund|+|sdcgc|+iodc|nov+ocstccno|og|c+s+|++m|t|g+iodoCO
.
tcmbus-
c+dodc|o|m+s|mu|tnc++d|m|nu|iodoconsumocnc|gct|con+s|dc|u|g|+|o,cdo|s|o-
g|+m+sdc|ongo|+zosccncont|+mcmcst+g|osm+|s+v+n+dos|c|+t|v+mcntc+cstctcm+
+) ||t|+ |ow CO
.
tcc|m+||ng (||CO) dc n+tu|cz+ mu|t|-|nst|tuc|on+| no mb|to d+
Comun|d+dc|u|oc|+uc|o||n|c|+do|+u+t|o+nos
b) ,o/CO
.
-,o/|nc|g|+cmdcscnvo|v|mcntono|+io|+u+scum+dcc+d+
^mbosv|s+m+|cduz||subst+nc|+|mcntc+scm|ssocsdcCO
.

75
Contexto nacional
|+cxc||cnc|+b|+s||c||++ut|||z+iodcc+|viovcgct+|cum+so|uioodc|os++|++m|t|g+io
d+scm|ssocsdcCO
.
d+|ndust||+s|dc|u|g|c+no||+s||O+|s+|cmdcc||m++dcu+doc|c|+t|v+
d|son|b|||d+dcdctc||++|+|+nt|odocuc+||toossu|um++v+n+d+tccno|og|+ncssc|+n-
t|o|+b||c+iodoc+|viovcgct+|cusocm+|tos-|o|nos|mo|t+ntcdcst+c+|+|gum+sv+nt+gcns
doc+|viovcgct+|com+|+t|v+mcntc+oc+|viom|nc|+|
|ncx|stcnc|+dccont+m|n+ntcsd+nosos+o+oncm+omc|o+mb|cntc
|cno|dcsg+stcdo+|to-|o|no
|cno|tcmc|+tu|+dcoc|+iodo+|to-|o|no+c+||ct+ndomcno|c|d+tc|m|c+
|cno||oduiodccsco||+
|cno|consumodccnc|g|+
|m|ssioncg+t|v+dcCO
.
+|+++tmos|c|++osccons|dc|+|oc|c|o|odut|vo
|ocnt+ntoc|cc|somcnc|on+|uc+|oduiodc+ov|+c+|viovcgct+|c||m|t+d+o||cs-
t||iod+c++c|d+dcdcc+|g+no+|to-|o|noOut|o+sccto|c|cv+ntcco+|to|nvcst|mcntocm
tc||+sucdcvcsc||c|tocomc|omcnossc|s+nosdc+ntcccdcnc|+com+|+t|v+mcntc+um
+|to-|o|nouc|cv+cmmcd|+do|s+nos+|+sc|const|u|do^dcm+|scx|stcmb+||c||+ssoc|o-
+mb|cnt+|sdcv|do+o|+todcuc+|tcdoc+|viovcgct+|ut|||z+don+scucn+ss|dc|u|g|c+s
sc||ovcn|cntcdc||o|cst+sn+t|v+s
Out|+ ucstio |mo|t+ntc +|+ + s|dc|u|g|+ b|+s||c||+ + sc| +bo|d+d+ no |utu|o |ox|mo c +
d+s|dc|u|g|+c+|bononcut|ouccumg|+ndc+sso+|++d|m|nu|iod+scm|ssocsdoC||
u+ndosc+bo|d+oconcc|todcc+|bononcut|o++doiodc|o,ctosdccnc|g|+|cnov+vc|c
dc|c||o|cst+mcntoscto|n+|und+mcnt+|+|++comcns+iod+scm|ssocsdcCO
.
|ssos|gn|-
||c++|||m+|uctod+s+scm|ssocsdcco||cntcsd+s+t|v|d+dcsd+cm|cs+cmtod++su+c+dc|+
dcncgoc|osd+cxt|+iod+m+tc||+-||m++odcsc+|tcd+scmb+|+gcnssc|io|cduz|d+soucom-
cns+d+s|oc+|viovcgct+|cdcg|+ndc|mo|tnc|+|o,c+|+cstc|occssodcncut|+||z+io
Diretrizes e recomendaes
(d+) |m+ d||ct||z b+sc|+-sc no +o|o s csu|s+s |c|+t|v+s +o uso dc c+|vio dc b|o-
m+ss+cmsubst|tu|io+s|ontcsdco||gcm|oss||n+c+dc|+s|dc|u|g|c+(||gu|+,,)u+
76
|ntcnioo|t+ntoccst|mu|+|ousodoc+|viovcgct+|noscto|ouccum+ccu-
||+||d+dcdo+|ucn+c|on+|
(d.) ^ scgund+ d||ct||z v|s+ +o m+|o| con|cc|mcnto dc |og|cssos tccno|og|co uc
c|m|t+m+|ct|+iod+scm|ssocs+tmos|c||c+sdcus|n+s|ntcg|+d+s+couc
A siderurgia um dos setores
que mais emitem CO
2
na
atmosfera, apesar de suas
emisses de gases do efeito
estufa terem reduzido 55% nas
ltimas cinco dcadas.
O carvo vegetal proporciona
vrias vantagens: emisso
negativa de CO
2
para a atmosfera;
inexistncia de contaminantes;
menor consumo de energia;
menor perda trmica; menor
gerao de escria.
1. Pesquisas relativas ao uso de
carvo de biomassa (carvo
vegetal) em substituio ao
carvo mineral.
2. Maior conhecimento de
progressos tecnolgico que
reduzam as emisses atmosfricas
de usinas integradas a coque.
Figura 5.3: cstio oc cm|ssio +tmos|c:|c+ - s|tu+io +tu+| c o|:ct:|zcs
^||mc||+d||ct||znioossu|dcsdob|+mcntoscmtc|mosdc|ccomcnd+ocscscc|||c+s|o|
out|odu+s|ccomcnd+ocssio+ssoc|+d+sscgund+d||ct||z
^o|+|+|m|cmcnt+iodc|o,ctomu|t|-|nst|tuc|on+|v|s+ndov|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+dos
|occssosC||||s+|n+(uc|+z+|tcdo||o,cto||t|+|owCO
.
tcc|m+||ng;||CO)|c-
c|c|+gcmdcg+sdctoonos+|tos-|o|nos|cduiod||ct++v+n+d+(|
.
)c+tccno|og|+CC
|omcnt+|+||n|+dccsu|s+dc|oduiodc|c||o||m+||oo|c|ct|o||sc(c+|bon||cc|occss)
5.3 Consumo de energia
Contexto internacional
|m+d+sc+|+ctc||st|c+sm+|c+ntcsd+s|dc|u|g|+modc|n+csc|cxt|cm+mcntc|ntcns|v+cmm+-
tc||+-||m+ cnc|g|+ c+|t+| con|cc|mcnto c c|cmcntos +mb|cnt+|s |m |c|+io cnc|g|+ cm
+|t|cu|+|c|mo|t+ntcdcst+c+|ucoconsumocscc|||cov+||+cons|dc|+vc|mcntccon|o|mc+
|ot+tccno|og|c+cm|cg+d+^||gu|+,|most|+uc+|ot+us|n+|ntcg|+d++couc(+|to-|o|no
77
+coucc+c|+||+||)ncccss|t+dc+;++,g|g+,ou|c(C|)o|tonc|+d+|oduz|d+|oc+sodcus|-
n+scm|-|ntcg|+d+(cu,o|occssosc|n|c|+no|o|noc|ct||co++|co)o+d|iot||codcconsumo
cdcs-+oC|;tonc|+d+
17-19 GJ/tp
8-10 GJ/tp
14-18 GJ/tp
18,5-29 GJ/tp
14-17 GJ/tp
Matria
prima
Alto-forno
Conversor
LD / BOF
Lingotamento
contnuo
Lingotamento
contnuo
Lingotamento
contnuo
Lingotamento
contnuo
Lingotamento
contnuo
Laminao e
Acabamento
Laminao e
Acabamento
Laminao e
Acabamento
Laminao e
Acabamento
Laminao e
Acabamento
Conversor
LD / BOF
Conversor
LD / BOF
Forno Eltrico
a Arco
Forno Eltrico
a Arco
Reduo
Direta
COREX
(SR)
Alto-forno
(Mini)
Matria
prima
Matria
prima
Matria
prima
Matria
prima
Figura 5.4: Consumo cs,cc|co oc cnc:g|+ o+s :ot+s tccno|og|c+s s|oc:u:g|c+s (|;tonc|+o+)
^sct++sdcm+tc||+s-||m+sc|cduiod+sus|n+s|ntcg|+d+s+couc|csondcmo|so/+s,/
dotot+|d+cnc|g|+consum|d+ncstct|odccon||gu|+io|odut|v+|+|++sus|n+sscm|-|ntcg|+-
d+s;o/+;,/d+cnc|g|+tot+|siodcscnd|d+sn+s|+scsdcm+tc||+s-||m+sc|c||no(+c|+||+)
|m+d+s|o|m+sc|+ss|c+sdc|cduiodoconsumodccnc|g|+n+|ndust||+s|dc|u|g|c+tcms|do
+d||usiodctccno|og|+sm+|scom+ct+s^+doiodo|occsso||Cnoc+sodc+os|+nos
tcmumotcnc|+|dccconom|+dc+tc.o/c,o/sob|cotot+|dccnc|g|++tu+|mcntcconsum|-
d+o|us|n+s|ntcg|+d++couccscm|-|ntcg|+d+s|cscct|v+mcntc
Contexto nacional
^s|dc|u|g|+ccons|dc|+d+um++t|v|d+dc|ntcns|v+n+dcm+nd+dccnc|g|+scndo|csons+vc|
o|,+,/d+cnc|g|+consum|d+no+|sOscnc|gct|cosm+|scm|cg+dosn+|ndust||+s|dc|u|-
g|c+b|+s||c||+sioocoucc+|viovcgct+|out|+s|ontcs(|nc|u|ndoc+|viom|nc|+|g+sdc+|to-
|o|noc+|c+||oc+|c+t|io)c|ct||c|d+dcg+sn+tu|+|cg+sdccouc||+cmo|dcmdcc|csccntcdc
|mo|tnc|+ Couc c c+|vio vcgct+| t|+d|c|on+|mcntc sio |csons+vc|s o| eo/ do tot+| d+
cnc|g|+consum|d+noscto|
78
|c|tc|+ndo+s|dc|u|g|++c+|viovcgct+|cumt|+occu||+|do+|ucb|+s||c||o|oc+socsc-
c|||codom|n|+|to-|o|no+c+|viovcgct+|cv|+vc|+oc|+iodc|cduiocmn|vc|tc|m|com+|s
b+|xoucodo+|to-|o|no+couc(+.,C)ccommcno|gc|+iodccsco||+(,o/)
Diretrizes e recomendaes
|o|+m+|cscnt+d+s++|ccomcnd+ocsuccob||ndov+||os+scctosd|st|ntosnioconvc|g|-
|+m+|+d||ct||zcs|cst+|o|m++ont+-sc+cn+sum+d||ct||zgcnc||c+|c|+t|v+
(d+)ncccss|d+dcdcd|m|nu|iodoconsumodccnc|g|+c|+|ndust||+s|dc|u|g|c+b|+-
s||c||+(||gu|+,,)
A siderurgia considerada uma
atividade intensiva no consumo
de energia. O consumo
especco varia consideravel-
mente conforme a rota
tecnolgica empregada.
Coque e carvo vegetal
tradicionalmente so
responsveis por 60% do total
de energia consumida na
siderurgia brasileira.
1. Reduo do consumo
de energia.
Figura 5.5: Consumo oc cnc:g|+ - s|tu+io +tu+| c o|:ct:|zcs
cndo cm v|st+ + |ntc|||g+io dos tcm+s dc gcstio d+s cm|ssocs +tmos|c||c+s c consumo dc
cnc|g|+c|cscom+|t|||+m+|gum+sd+s|ccomcnd+ocs
|cscnvo|vc|cstudosv|s+ndodcn|iod+s+|c+sn+|oduios|dc|u|g|c+dcm+|o|otcn-
c|+|dc|cduiodoconsumodccnc|g|+
|cscnvo|vc| m+nu+|s dc bo+s |+t|c+s v|s+ndo + cconom|z+| cnc|g|+ com os |ccu|sos
cx|stcntcs
|x+nd||c+c||c|o+|oss|stcm+sdccogc|+iodccnc|g|+
|nvcst||cmcstudosdc|t|+gcmdcg+scscc|+|mcntcdo+|to-|o|nov|s+ndo+o+umcnto
d+conccnt|+iodcCOcomconscucntc+umcntodoscuotcnc|+|cnc|gct|co
79
^o|+||o,ctosdc|nvcst|g+iov|s+ndo+o+|ovc|t+mcntod+cnc|g|+tc|m|c+cont|d+n+s
csco||+s(,/cnc|g|+do|occsso)
^b|||||n|+sdc|omcntoscsu|s+scnvo|vcndoousodc+g|omc|+dos+uto|cduto|csnos
+|tos-|o|noscm+|t|cu|+|do|o,ctob|+s||c||occno|cd
|omcnt+|csu|s+scnvo|vcndoocn||ucc|mcntodcox|gcn|onoso|odos+|tos-|o|nosc
+|n,ciodc|+st|cosc|+svcnt+nc||+s
^o|+| + |c+||z+io dc cstudos tccn|co-cconom|cos sob|c o uso dc c+|vio vcgct+| como
tc|mo|cduto|n+stccno|og|+sdc|cduiot|+d|c|on+|sccmc|gcntcs
ubst|tu||ost|+t+mcntostc|m|coso|t|+t+mcntotc|momccn|co
|cscnvo|vc|cu|+mcntos+ux|||+|csm+|scc|cntcscnc|gct|c+mcntcmcd|+ntc|occssos
cooc|+t|voscom+s|cscn+sdccm|cs+sdcbcnsdcc+|t+|cm|cs+ss|dc|u|g|c+scm-
|cs+sdccngcn|+||+ccomun|d+dc+c+dcm|c+
^o|+| + |m|cmcnt+io dc |og|+m+ dc v|g||nc|+ tccno|og|c+ dc n+tu|cz+ mu|t|-|nst|tu-
c|on+| v|s+ndo +o mon|to|+mcnto dos |occssos ||C C|| ||s+|n+ (uc |+z +|tc do
||o,cto||CO)cdc|cc|c|+gcmdcg+sdctoonoucsc|c|c|ccnc|g|+
5.4 Gesto dos resduos e reciclagem
Contexto internacional
Ost|osdc|cs|duosgc|+dosn+|ndust||+s|dc|u|g|c+sioosm+|sv+||+dosc|ovcn|cntcs||nc|-
+|mcntcdo|occss+mcntodcm+tc||+s-||m+sdodcsg+stccus|n+gcmdcc+sd+|c+|+-
iodcsuc|||c|csmct+||c+scnt|cout|os|cc|c|+gcm|nc|nc|+iot|+t+mcntos||s|co-u|m|cos
cd|sos|io||n+|cm+tc||ossiocnt|cout|osmctodosm+|sut|||z+dos+|+ogc|cnc|+mcnto
dos|cs|duosso||dos^sc|ciodomctodom+|s+|o||+dono|m+|mcntcscb+sc|+cmcons|-
dc|+ocscconom|c+scn+stccno|og|+sd|son|vc|sdc+co|docom+s|c|s+mb|cnt+|scmv|go|
^cs+|dc+|ndust||+s|dc|u|g|c+tc||c|to|og|cssos|c|cv+ntcsn+d|m|nu|iodos|m+ctosd+
|+b||c+iodo+onomc|o+mb|cntcnoucsc|c|c|cgcstiodc|cs|duos+|nd+cx|stcumg|+n-
dcotcnc|+|dc|cduio|o|mc|odos|stcm+dcgcstiodcco|odutosucsctcmosm+|o|cs
+v+nosno+umcntod+sustcnt+b|||d+dc+mb|cnt+|n+s|ndust||+ss|dc|u|g|c+s|+sus|n+s|ntc-
g|+d+s+couccc|c+dcso/dotot+|dc|cs|duosso||dosgc|+dossioo||undos+cn+sdcdu+s
80
ct++s|cduioc|c||no|+sus|n+sscm|-|ntcg|+d+s+s|+scsdcm+tc||+s-||m+sc|c||no(+c|+||+)
|csondcmc|+u+sctot+||d+dcd+gc|+io
^csco||+dc+|to-|o|nococo|odutocomm+|o|vo|umcdcgc|+ion+|+|x+dc.+o+,+o|g
o|tonc|+d+dc|c||o-gus+|oduz|dodccndcndod+u+||d+dcd+sm+tc||+s-||m+sut|||z+d+s
|oc+sod+csco||+dc+c|+||++gc|+iocncont|+-scn+|+|x+dc+oo++,o|go|tonc|+d+dc+o
|oduz|dodccndcndod+|ot+tccno|og|c+cm+tc||+s-||m+scm|cg+d+s^gc|+iod+csco-
||+dc|o|no-+nc|+(umt|odccu|+mcntoucv|s++o+,ustc||nod+comos|iodo+o)c
d+o|dcmdc+o+|o|go|tonc|+d+dc+o
|+ct++dc|occss+mcntobusc+m-scscm|c+uc|csuc|oo|c|on+m+||c+ocsm+|sno-
b|cs+|+oco|odutot+|scomocsco||+sdc+|to-|o|nosiog|+nu|+d+scvcnd|d+s+|++|ndus-
t||+c|mcntc||+csco||+sdc+c|+||+odcmsc|ut|||z+d+sn++g||cu|tu|+oscc+|c+sodcmsc|
|c+|ovc|t+d+sno|occssodc|oduiou+ndout|||z+dosn+comos|iodcs|ntc|c+g|omc-
|+dosucsc|ioc+|g+sdo+|to-|o|nocd++c|+||+^g|+ndcmud+n+dc+|+d|gm+oco||c|+no
t|+t+mcntodos|cs|duosu+ndo+ss+|io+tc|osmcsmoscont|o|csnoscu|occssodcgc|+-
iouco+o|cccbc+tu+|mcntc+|cont|o|cc|m|t||++gc|+iodcco|odutosm+|s+d|on|-
z+dosccomconscucntcmcntcm+|o|v+|o|+g|cg+do
O+ocomom+tc||+|tcm+||n|d+dccom+|otcio+mb|cnt+|o|ossu||umdcscmcn|o
suc||o|+out|osmct+|sco|sc||mcd|+t+mcntc|cc|c|+vc|O+oc|o,co|odutom+|s|cc|-
c|+vc|cm+|s|cc|c|+dodomundou+ndo||nd+su+v|d+ut|||odutoscomoc+||osgc|+dc||+s
|ogocs|+t+sb+||+sc+|+mcsto|n+m-scsuc+t+suc+||mcnt+mos|o|nosd+sus|n+s|oduz|n-
donov+mcntc+o
Contexto nacional
Oscto|s|dc|u|g|cob|+s||c||ovcm|++|guns+nos+dot+ndoum+o||t|c+cons|stcntccs|stcm|-
c+dcgcstiodc|cs|duosuccons|stcn+t|+ns|o|m+iodcstcscmco|odutos|cut|||z+dosno
|o||oscto|oucomc|c|+||z+doscomo|nsumos+|++ut|||z+iocmout|+s+t|v|d+dcs^t|+ns-
|o|m+iodc|cs|duoscm|odutosco||csondc+um+|o|m+modc|n+dcmcd|d+dcc||c|cnc|+
c|csons+b|||d+dcsoc|+|dcum++t|v|d+dc|odut|v+
|cum+m+nc||+gc|+|doscc|c+dc,,o|gdc|cs|duosso||dosgc|+doso|tonc|+d+dc+o|o-
duz|don+sus|n+s|ntcg|+d+s+couc+ss|dc|u|g|c+s,+|ccuc|+m(c|cc|c|+m)cc|c+dc,s/dcs-
81
tcsm+tc||+|sscndo+|gum+scm|cs+sb|+s||c||+scons|dc|+d+s|c|c|cnc|+s|ntc|n+c|on+|sncstc
c+mocom|nd|ccssuc||o|cs+osdcv+||+sus|n+scst|+ngc||+s|o|out|o|+do+|cc|c|+gcmdc
co|odutosn++c|+||+cno+|to-|o|nov|+b||uct+gcm(+g|omc|+io)uccum+|+t|c+d||un-
d|d+n+s|dc|u|g|+mund|+|+|nd+couco|+t|c+d+no||+s||
^s|n|c|+t|v+sdc|cc|c|+gcmsc|ntcns|||c+mdcv|do+os|nd|c|osc+d+vczm+|scv|dcntcsdccsgo-
t+mcntodos|ccu|sosn+tu|+|scc|cciod+|cduiodocs+ono|+nct++|+o+|m+zc-
n+mcntodc|cs|duosgc|+dosc|os|occssos|ndust||+|scc|odcsc+|tcos-consumo^|cc|-
c|+gcmdc+o|c|cscnt++tu+|mcntcum+|mo|t+ntc+t|v|d+dccconom|c+uccnvo|vcum+
g|+ndccst|utu|+comost+o|+|ox|m+d+mcntc,ooocm|cs+s|cc|c|+ndo+nu+|mcntc|,
m|||ocsdctonc|+d+sdc+o^s|dc|u|g|+b|+s||c||+|cc|c|++nu+|mcntccc|c+dc,,m|||ocsdc
tonc|+d+sdcsuc+t++du|||d+snomc|c+do|ntc|no+|cmd+uc|+gc|+d+no|o||o|occsso
Diretrizes e recomendaes
^un|c+d||ct||z|c|+c|on+-sc
(d+)Ot|m|z+iodoscs|o|os,+|c+||z+dosn+gcstiodc|cs|duosc|cc|c|+gcm
||stoo|mc|od+s|ccomcnd+ocs
|x+nd||os|stcm++tu+|dc+|ovc|t+mcntodc|cs|duosc|cc|c|+gcmdo+o
Const|u||+m+t||zdc|cs|duosd+|ndust||+s|dc|u|g|c+c|nvcst||cmnovos|og|+m+s+|+dcscn-
vo|v|mcntodc|occssos+|+convc|siodc|cs|duoscmco|odutoscc||+iodcnov+soo|-
tun|d+dcso|mc|odc|occssocooc|+t|vocnvo|vcndocm|cs+sccomun|d+dc+c+dcm|c+
^v+||+|+ut|||z+iodcsuc+t+sdcout|+so||gcns(|+st|coos-consumoo|cxcm|o)c|o-
o|s|stcm+dcc|cd|to+mb|cnt+|o|cont+d+ut|||z+io
5.5 Gesto dos recursos hdricos
Contexto internacional
^ut|||z+iodc+gu+no|occssos|dc|u|g|cocn+o|dcmdc+oo+.oom'o|tonc|+d+dc+o
|oduz|dosu||d+||nc|+|mcntcc|+c+t+iod||ct+cmcu|sosdc+gu+|ox|mossun|d+-
82
dcs|ndust||+|s^s+gu+ssiout|||z+d+s||nc|+|mcntc+|+o|cs|||+mcntodoscu|+mcntos
do+ocn+||mcz+dosg+scscout|+s+t|v|d+dcssccund+||+scomog|+nu|+|csco||+
Os|nd|ccsdc|cc||cu|+ion+scm|cs+ss|dc|u|g|c+svcmc|csccndo|+cm|cs+ss|dc|u|g|c+s
dc+os|ongosn+su+|so|nd|ccdc|cc||cu|+ioc|cg++,s/scmgc|+|c||ucntco|so|cst+ntc
d++gu+ccv+o|+do|ss+smcsm+scm|cs+sbusc+m+|nd++d|m|nu|iod+sc|d+so|cv+o-
|+ioc+mc||o|+doscu|+mcntosuccx|g||ioc+d+vczmcnosncccss|d+dcdc|cs|||+mcnto
(,+uc|cs|||+mcntoc|ug+dcc+|o|)d|m|nu|ndo+ss|m+c+t+iodc+gu+c+umcnt+ndo+t+x+
dc|cc||cu|+io^|cmd|sso+|gum+sun|d+dcs|ndust||+|suctcmsu+os|iogcog|+||c+|ox|-
m+cost+|ocu|+mcv|t+|oconsumodc+gu+docccot+vc|+|+o|cs|||+mcntodc|oduto
cdcm+u|n+||o,+ucnio|+cmcc|||otccn|cos|gn|||c+t|vo+|+cstcusocom+gu+ss+|ob|+s
c;ous+|g+d+s
Contexto nacional
^+doiod+cob|+n+c|ousod++gu+cmum+b+c|+||d|og|+||c+|o||nst|tu|d+n+|c||,|,,
dc+,,;^cob|+n+c|ousod++gu+,+cst+|m|+nt+d+cmdu+sb+c|+s||d|og|+||c+s|+|+|b+
dou|c|||+c|c+b+C+|v+||c|und|+|+mb+s|oc+||z+d+sn+|cg|ioudcstc+b|+ngcndooscst+-
dosdcio|+u|o||n+sCc|+|sc||odc|+nc||o^cob|+n+c|ousod++gu+cst++g|ndocomo
|nst|umcntoc||c+zdc|nccnt|vo+ouso|+c|on+|dc|ccu|sos||d||cosscmc+us+||m+ctoscco-
nom|coss|gn|||c+t|vos+osusu+||os|ndust||+|s
^m+|o|+|tcd++gu+ut|||z+d+no|occsso|odut|vod+ss|dc|u|g|c+sdcco||cd+ncccss|d+-
dcdc|c|||gc|+ioccu|+mcntoscm+tc||+|s|ss+c+|+ctc||st|c+tcmoss|b|||t+doscm|cs+s
|m|+nt+|cmmcd|d+suc+umcnt+mcons|dc|+vc|mcntcovo|umcdc+gu+|cc|c|+d+cmscus
|occssos^|gum+s|n|c|+t|v+suc|c||ctcmcssccs|o|ocstio|c|+c|on+d+s+||c+iodctccno-
|og|+sdcont++|++|m|+nt+iodcs|stcm+sdc|cusodcc||ucntcs|cc|+mcntodcc||cu|tosc
+ocsdcconsc|cnt|z+iodosoc|+do|csd+un|d+dc|odut|v+|m.ooso|nd|ccd+|cc||cu|+-
iod++gu+doccd+s|dc|u|g|+b|+s||c||+|o|dc,|/
Diretrizes e recomendaes
|o| +|cscnt+d+ +cn+s um+ un|c+ |ccomcnd+io u+| sc,+ |nvcst|| cm dcscnvo|v|mcnto dc
tccno|og|+s+|+|cc|c|+gcmdc+gu+dct+||o|m++mc||o|+|cm.o+,|nd|ccs+tu+|sdcbom
dcscmcn|o+sc|cmdctc|m|n+dosscto||+|mcntc
83
CAPTULO 6
DIRETRIZES E RECOMENDAES (RESUMO)
Oob,ct|vodcstcc+|tu|o||n+|codc|c+|cscnt+|+sd||ct||zcsc+s|ccomcnd+ocs||+s|o|+m
|c|+c|on+d+s+osconcc|tosdccomct|t|v|d+dcs|stcm|c+ccomct|t|v|d+dccst|utu|+|O||mc|-
|on|vc|dccomct|t|v|d+dcd|z|csc|to+os|+to|csuccstio|oc+||z+dos|o|+d+s||ontc||+sdo
scto||ndust||+|o|t+ntoncsscsc+sos+mc||o||+dodcscmcn|ocm|cs+||+|cm+|sdccn-
dcntcdco||t|c+sub||c+s^comct|t|v|d+dccst|utu|+|(scto||+|)dcco||cd+scondut+sdos|n-
tcg|+ntcsd+c+dc|+|odut|v++|nd+uc|n||ucnc|+d+o||n|c|+t|v+sgovc|n+mcnt+|s
O|studo||oscct|vodocto||dc|u|g|co(||)t+mbcm|ooc+c||+iodc|og|+m+stcc-
no|og|cosn+c|on+|scmto|nodctcm+s||o||t+||osscndouc++|t|c|+iod+scm|cs+sun|-
vc|s|d+dcscccnt|osdccsu|s+cmt+|s|og|+m+ssc||+o|+dcsiovo|unt+||+
|mdos|o,ctossc|+dcd|c+do+odcscnvo|v|mcntod+mctodo|og|++sc|cm+||c+dosnosdc-
m+|s|o,ctoscnc+||cg+dosdcs|stcm+t|z+|+sscgu|ntcstcm+t|c+s
||om+ss+s
C+|viom|nc|+|n+c|on+|
|n||+cst|utu|++|+|nov+io(dcc+|+tc|t|+nsvc|s+|)
|o|t+|cc|mcntod+s+t|v|d+dcsdcconsu|to||+ccngcn|+||+
+|cntos+|++s|dc|u|g|+
V|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+
|m+mcsm+|ccomcnd+ioodct|+ns+ss+|m+|sdcum|og|+m+tccno|og|co|iosioc|t+-
d+s+u|tod+s+soss|vc|s|c|+ocs|+zioc|+u+|scdcc|d|u||o||z+|+s+ssoc|+ocsm+|s|m-
o|t+ntcscnt|c+smcnc|on+d+s|ccomcnd+ocscos|og|+m+stccno|og|cos
84

Quadro 6.1: ||:ct:|zcs c :ccomcno+cs ,+:+ m|nc:|o oc |c::o

Diretrizes Recomendaes Competitividade
Programas
Tecnolgicos
|+|o|cs|nvcst|mcntoscm
|oscciogco|og|c+
^m||+||nvcst|mcntoscm|osccio
gco|og|c+v|s+ndodcscobc|t+dc|csc|v+s
comm+|o|cso|ccnt+gcnsdcg|+nu|+doc
mcno|cstco|csdc|mu|cz+cscc|+|mcntc
dc|os|o|o
|stcm|c+
|studos+d|c|on+|s+|+sc
+d+t+|nov+|c+||d+dc
d+s,+z|d+sdc|c||o
C||+|um+|+t+|o|m++|+odcscnvo|v|mcnto
dccstudoscmm|nc||odc|c||otcndo-sc
cmcont+os+scctoscconom|cos+snov+s
tccno|og|+sc|occssos+d|m|nu|iodo
consumodccnc|g|+cos|m+ctos+mb|cnt+|s
|st|utu|+|
|n||+cst|utu|++|+
|nov+io

|nccnt|v+|+m||+|cconso||d+|+s|ntcg|+ocs
s|dc|u|g|+;m|nc|+iocs|dc|u|g|+;m|nc|+io;
+c+dcm|+v|s+ndo+odcscnvo|v|mcntodc
so|uocs+|+o+|ovc|t+mcntodc||nosdc
m|nc||odc|c||ocm|nc||oscomm+|o|cs
tco|csdc|mu|cz+scscc|+|mcntcdc
|os|o|o
|st|utu|+|
|n||+cst|utu|++|+
|nov+io

|nccnt|v+|cconso||d+|oscstudosdc
gcomct+|u|g|+dosm|nc||osdc|c||ov|s+ndo
mcnsu|+iodosscusv+|o|csdcuso(v+|uc
|nusc)
|st|utu|+|

|st|mu|+|cstudos|und+mcnt+|s+cc|c+d+
m|nc|+|og|+d++|um|n+cdo|os|o|onos
m|nc||osdc|c||oc+s|c+|soss|b|||d+dcsdc
su+cxt|+ioo||occssosdcconccnt|+io
cm+|t|cu|+|+||ot+io
|st|utu|+|

^v+||+|o|mc|odccstudosdc
c+|+ctc||z+iou|m|c+ootcnc|+|dc
|m+cto+mb|cnt+|dosd||c|cntcsm|nc||osdc
|c||ob|+s||c||os(o|cxcm|o+|oduiodc
d|ox|n+sno|occssodcs|ntc||z+io)
cto||+|

|nvcst||noscstudosdcbcnc||c|+mcntodos
|t+b|||toscout|osm|nc||osdcmcno|tco|dc
|c||ocont|do
|st|utu|+|
85
Quadro 6.2: ||:ct:|zcs c :ccomcno+cs ,+:+ c+:vio m|nc:+| c couc:|+
Diretrizes Recomendaes Competitividade
Programas
Tecnolgicos
|c||o|con|cc|mcntod+s
|csc|v+sb|+s||c||+sdcc+|vio
m|nc|+|+|+ouson+c+dc|+
s|dc|u|g|c+
^o|+|+s|nvcst|g+ocsdcc+|+tc|mu|t|-
|nst|tuc|on+|(|o,cton+c|on+|)cng|ob+ndo
+s+t|v|d+dcsdccsu|s+m|nc|+|
t|+t+mcntosdcconccnt|+iocusosdo
c+|vio
|stcm|c+
C+|viom|nc|+|
n+c|on+|

|nvcst||cmcstudosgco|og|cosv|s+ndo
dctc|m|n+ioscgu|+d+s|csc|v+s+tu+|sc
+o|c+|otcnc|+|c+|bon||c|odo+|s+|+
uson+s|dc|u|g|+
|stcm|c+
C+|viom|nc|+|
n+c|on+|

^v+||+|+|++s|csc|v+scx|stcntcsc+|+os
oss|vc|sotcnc|+|sos|m+ctos+mb|cnt+|
soc|+|ccconom|cod+su+cx|o|+io
|stcm|c+
C+|viom|nc|+|
n+c|on+|

C+|+ctc||z+|oc+|viom|nc|+||o,c|+v|+do
comoob,ct|vodcg+|+nt||odcscmcn|o
doscuusocmd||c|cntcs|occssosd+
|ndust||+s|dc|u|g|c+(|oduiodccouc
|n,ciodc||nosdcc+|vionos+|tos-|o|nos
|cduiod||ct+nov+stccno|og|+sdc|usio-
|cduto|+ctc)
|st|utu|+|
C+|viom|nc|+|
n+c|on+|

|nvcst||n++tu+||z+iocn++m||+io
d+|n||+cst|utu|+|+bo|+to||+|+|+
dcscnvo|v|mcntodccstudoscomoc+|vio
m|nc|+|b|+s||c||o
|stcm|c+
C+|viom|nc|+|
n+c|on+|
|n||+cst|utu|++|+
|nov+io

|cscnvo|vc|+|+osc+sosm+|s|om|sso|cs
cstudosv|s+ndoconccnt|+iodo
c+|viom|nc|+|b|+s||c||odct+||o|m++
c|m|t||+su++|t|c|+ion+m+t||zdc
tc|mo|cduto|csd+s|dc|u|g|+
|st|utu|+|
C+|viom|nc|+|
n+c|on+|

|stud+|oc+|viom|nc|+|b|+s||c||osob+
ot|c+dootcnc|+|dcv+|o|cso|cxcm|o
c+|vio+|++c+dc|+s|dc|u|g|c+|c|t|||z+ntcs
++|t||d+sc|nz+sc|ccuc|+iodocnxo||c
|st|utu|+|
C+|viom|nc|+|
n+c|on+|
|csu|s+su+nto+ousodc
c+|viom|nc|+|n+c|on+|cdo
coucvc|dcdcct|o|co
^v+||+|+scxc||cnc|+smund|+|sno
t|+t+mcntodcc+|vocsnio-couc|||c+vc|s
|st|utu|+|
C+|viom|nc|+|
n+c|on+|
86
Diretrizes Recomendaes Competitividade
Programas
Tecnolgicos

|nvcst|g+|+|c+|oss|b|||d+dcdcusodo
c+|viom|nc|+|n+c|on+|cdoCV|como
+d|t|vosn+sm|stu|+sdcc+|vocs+|++s
couc||+sbcmcomoscususosn+|o|m+dc
|n,ciodc||nosnos+|tos-|o|nos
|st|utu|+|
C+|viom|nc|+|
n+c|on+|

|cscnvo|vc|+|++s|tu+io+tu+|cstudos
+cc|c+dc|ot+scconom|c+sdc|oduiodc
+ocomc+|vocsnio-couc|||c+vc|scomo
|cduiod||ct+c|usio-|cduto|+
|st|utu|+|
C+|viom|nc|+|
n+c|on+|

|csu|s+|+g+sc|||c+iodoc+|viom|nc|+|
n+c|on+|cm|c|to||xoc||u|d|z+do+|+
+||c+ionosv+||osc|osd+sc+dc|+sc|ot+s
s|dc|u|g|c+s+|tc|n+t|v+scomo|cduio
d||ct+c|usio-|cduto|+
|st|utu|+|
C+|viom|nc|+|
n+c|on+|

|stud+|+oss|b|||d+dcdccm|cgodo
c+|viom|nc|+|n+c|on+|cdoCV|como
m+tc||+|c+|bonosodc+d|ion+|oduio
dcc|ot+svc|dcsccomocombust|vc|nos
|o|nosdcc|ot|z+io
|st|utu|+|
C+|viom|nc|+|
n+c|on+|

|nvcst|g+|ousodoc+|viom|nc|+|n+c|on+|
cdoCV|como+gcntcs+uto|cduto|cs
cm+g|omc|+dos+|||o|oduz|dosc|+s
tccno|og|+scmc|gcntcsn+c|on+|s
|st|utu|+|
C+|viom|nc|+|
n+c|on+|
87
Quadro 6.3: ||:ct:|zcs c :ccomcno+cs ,+:+ c+:vio vcgct+|
Diretrizes Recomendaes Competitividade
Programas
Tecnolgicos
|x+nsiod+b+sc||o|cst+|
^o|+|csu|s++||c+d+dcn+tu|cz+mu|t|-
|nst|tuc|on+|(|o,cton+c|on+|)cnvo|vcndo
+c||+iocodcscnvo|v|mcntodc|+nt+ocs
cnc|gct|c+scom|ocon+|oduiodcc+|vio
vcgct+|dc|o|m++mb|cnt+|mcntcsustcnt+vc|
|st|utu|+| ||om+ss+s

|c+||z+|cstudosgcocconom|cos
cd+|oc||m+t|cos+mb|cnt+|csoc|+|+|+
dc||n||+|c+scomvoc+iosustcnt+vc|
+|+|oduiodcb|om+ss++|+cnc|g|+c
s|dc|u|g|+|nc|us|vc|m|+nt+iodc+|c+s
cxc||mcnt+|s|cg|on+||z+d+s+|+|dcnt|||c+io
c+c||c|o+mcntodccscc|cs
|stcm|c+ ||om+ss+s

^c||c|o+||omcnt+|cm+nc,+|os|+nt|os,+
cx|stcntcs+|+o+tcnd|mcntod+sdcm+nd+s
o|mud+sdcc|cv+d+|odut|v|d+dcm+ss|c+
|stcm|c+ ||om+ss+s

|cscnvo|vc|c;ou+c||c|o+|oconcc|todc
s|stcm+s+g|os||vo+sto||s+|+usosustcnt+do
dccucnoscmcd|os|oduto|cs|u|+|s
|oc+||z+doscm|cg|ocs|ox|m+sdosontosdc
consumodcm+dc||++|+cnc|g|+cs|dc|u|g|+
|stcm|c+ ||om+ss+s
|ontcs+|tc|n+t|v+sdc
b|om+ss+
|nvcst||n+gc|+iodccon|cc|mcntoc|cnt|||co
sob|cb|om+ss++|+cnc|g|+
|st|utu|+|
||om+ss+s+|cntos
+|++s|dc|u|g|+

|c+v+||+|doontodcv|st+tccn|co-cconom|co
d+stccno|og|+sn+c|on+|sdc|+b||c+io
dosc+|vocsvcgct+|dcc+|mc|c|+ntccdo
b+b+ucscusdcsdob|+mcntos+,us+ntc
(b||uct+gcmc+|+ctc||z+ocsusoscomo||nos
c+|ovc|t+mcntodcco|odutos)
|st|utu|+| ||om+ss+s
88
Diretrizes Recomendaes Competitividade
Programas
Tecnolgicos

C||+|||n|+sdc|omcnto+|+|nvcst|g+ocs
sob|c+c+|bon|z+iodc|c,c|tos+g||co|+sc
scususosn+s|dc|u|g|+n+sct++s|cduioc
|c||no
|stcm|c+ ||om+ss+s
|c||o||+dodcscmcn|o
tccn|co-+mb|cnt+|
Const|u||+|+t+|o|m+b|om+ss+cc+|vio
vcgct+|
|st|utu|+| ||om+ss+s

|+x|m|z+|+|cc|c|+gcmdos|cs|duosdoc|c|o
|ntcg|+dom+dc||+;+onomb|todoconcc|to
dcccoss|stcm+dcm+nu|+tu|+
|st|utu|+| ||om+ss+s

||n+nc|+|csu|s+dcmon|to|+io|ns|tudo
b+|+nodcCO
.
|stcm|c+ ||om+ss+s

ubst|tu||os|stcm++tu+|dcun|d+dcsc|o
s|stcm+|ntc|n+c|on+|com+ut|||z+iodocso
sccodcb|om+ss++|+cob|+n+dct||butosc
c||tc||osdcu+||d+dc+|+oc+|viovcgct+|
|stcm|c+ ||om+ss+s

|cscnvo|vc|m+u|n+sccu|+mcntosuc
|+c|||tcm+tot+|mcc+n|z+io,us+ntcd+
||o|cst+
|st|utu|+| ||om+ss+s

|cscnvo|vc|m+u|n+sccu|+mcntos+|+
co|tccdcsb+stcdc+|vo|csucm+x|m|zcm
+|ccuc|+iodc||+ocs||n+sv|s+ndo
ut|||z+ioostc||o|cm|o|m+scom+ct+d+s
como|ontcdccnc|g|+dcnt|odos|stcm+
|ntcg|+do||o|cst+;s|dc|u|g|+
|st|utu|+| ||om+ss+s

|dcnt|||c+|dcscnvo|vc|c|omcnt+|ousodc
tccno|og|+sdcc+|bon|z+io
|st|utu|+| ||om+ss+s

|nccnt|v+|csu|s+sob|cos|occssosdc
c+|bon|z+iosob|cssio
|st|utu|+| ||om+ss+s

|cscnvo|vc||dcnt|||c+|c+d+t+||occssos
dcscc+gcmn+tu|+|c|o|+d+o|cxcm|o
usodcg+scsdccx+ustiod+c+|bon|z+io
|cv|+mcntct|+t+dos+|+|cduz||+c|d+dc
|cnd|mcntog|+v|mct||con+c+|bon|z+io
|st|utu|+| ||om+ss+s
89
Quadro 6.4: ||:ct:|zcs c :ccomcno+cs ,+:+ ,c|ot|z+io c s|ntc:|z+io
Diretrizes Recomendaes Competitividade
Programas
Tecnolgicos
|c||o||+dodcscmcn|o
tccn|co-+mb|cnt+|d+s
|+nt+scmoc|+io
|cscnvo|vc|cstudoscomoob,ct|vo
dc+umcnt+|+c||c|cnc|+cnc|gct|c+dos
|occssosdcc|ot|z+iocs|ntc||z+io
|st|utu|+|

|cscnvo|vc|cstudosv|s+ndod|m|nu|io
c+ocont|o|cd+scm|ssocsnos|occssosdc
c|ot|z+iocs|ntc||z+io
|st|utu|+|

|cscnvo|vc|c|ot+scs|ntc|cscomm+|o|cs
tco|csdc|c||ov|s+ndod|m|nu|iod+s
cm|ssocs+o|nc|cmcntod+|odut|v|d+dc
c+omcno|consumodc|cduto|nos+|tos-
|o|noscnosmodu|osdc|cduiod||ct+
|st|utu|+|
|cscnvo|v|mcntodc
tccno|og|+scscc|||c+s
^v+||+|dcscnvo|vc|c|m|+nt+|os|occssos
dc+g|omc|+io+|||otcndo-sccmcont+
+stccno|og|+s+tu+|sc+scmc|gcntcsdc
|cduio(ccno|cd|ntc||c||octc)
|st|utu|+|

^o|+|osg|uosdccsu|s+vo|t+dos
+ocstudoc|oduiodcc|ot+scom
cont+m|n+ntcs+uto||ux+dos
|st|utu|+|
|n||+cst|utu|++|+
|nov+io+|cntos
+|++s|dc|u|g|+

|omcnt+|cstudoscomv|st+sot|m|z+io
dosmcc+n|smosdcm|c|oc|ot|z+iodc
||nosn+sm|stu|+s+|+s|ntc||z+io
|st|utu|+|

^o|+|+s|nvcst|g+ocsob,ct|v+ndo+
subst|tu|iodc+|t|cu|+dosdccouco|
||nosdcc+|viodcb|om+ss+sn+s|ntc||z+io
|st|utu|+| ||om+ss+s

|st|mu|+|+scsu|s+ssob|c+ot|m|z+io
dob|nom|ocsccu|+||t+;|occssodc
c|ot|z+io
|st|utu|+|
90
Quadro 6.5: ||:ct:|zcs c :ccomcno+cs ,+:+ +|to-|o:no + couc
Diretrizes Recomendaes Competitividade
Programas
Tecnolgicos
|+|o|+|t|cu|+iocm|cs+;
govc|no;+c+dcm|+c|og|+m+dc
v|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+
||+bo|+|noconcc|todc|+t+|o|m+um
|og|+m+scto||+|dcdcscnvo|v|mcnto
+|+++|c+dc|cduiouco|mc|od+
|ntcg|+iocm|cs+;govc|no;+c+dcm|+
+bo|dc+sucstocs|c|+t|v+sd|nm|c+
ucv|go|+cnt|c+stccno|og|+s+tu+|s
cos+v+nostccno|og|cos(v|g||nc|+
tccno|og|c+)cosm|nc||osc|cduto|cs
d|son|vc|sno+|s
|st|utu|+| V|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+

|nst+|+|coc|+|umobsc|v+to||o
dcd|mcnsioscto||+|+|+o
+com+n|+mcntoc++v+||+iodc
|occssosctccno|og|+sdc|cduio
|st|utu|+| V|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+

|omcnt+||nvcst|g+ocsc+v|g||nc|+
tccno|og|c+|ntc|n+c|on+|+cc|c+d+s
csu|s+s|nov+do|+sdcc+tu|+c
cstoc+gcmsubtc||nc+dcCO.(CO.
c+tu|c+ndsto|+gcCC)
|st|utu|+| V|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+

||omovc|csu|s+ssob|c+ut|||z+io
dc+g|omc|+dos+uto-|cduto|csn+
m|stu|+dcc+|g+dos+|tos-|o|nos+
couccm+ntc|v|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+
sob|c+|oost+|nov+do|+do+|to-
|o|nosuc|com+cto(suc|com+ct
b|+st|u|n+ccC||)
|st|utu|+| V|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+
^doiodc|nov+ocs
|nc|cmcnt+|s
^o|+|+s||n|+sdc|nvcst|g+iovo|t+d+s
modc|+gcmm+tcm+t|c+c||s|c+do
|occssodc|oduiodc|c||o-gus+cm
+|to-|o|no+couc
|st|utu|+|
91
Diretrizes Recomendaes Competitividade
Programas
Tecnolgicos

|omcnt+|ocstudodcmodc|+gcns
+|++m||+iod+csc+|+(sc+|c-u)
vo|t+do+|+++bso|ioc+d+t+iod+
tccno|og|+do+|to-|o|no
|st|utu|+|

|nccnt|v+|+scsu|s+s|c|+t|v+s+o
+umcntodousodc||+ocsmcno|cs
dccouc(sm+||co|c)d|m|nu|io
doconsumodc+gu+c+o|nc|cmcnto
d+u+nt|d+dcdcc|ot+sn+c+|g+dos
+|tos-|o|nos+couc
|st|utu|+|

^o|+|osscto|csdc|nst|umcnt+io
v|s+ndo+||c+ioc+o
dcscnvo|v|mcntodcsond+s+|+o
cont|o|cd|nm|codo|occssodo+|to-
|o|no+couc
|st|utu|+|

^o|+|+scsu|s+sc+s+t|v|d+dcs
dcv|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+|c|+t|v++o
|occssodc|cc|c|+gcmdog+sdctoo
cdcoc|+ocscom+|tos|nd|ccsdc
cn||ucc|mcntodcox|gcn|onoso|o
|st|utu|+| V|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+

C||+|||n|+sdc|omcntocmcsu|s+
b+s|c+|oc+||z+d+n+ot|m|z+ioc|nct|c+
d+sct++sdo|occssodc|cduio
dosm|nc||osdc|c||o(|cm+t|t|cosc
m+gnct|t|cos)b|+s||c||os|nsc||d+sno
contcxtod+n+notccno|og|+
|stcm|c+
92
Quadro 6.6: ||:ct:|zcs c :ccomcno+cs ,+:+ +|to-|o:no + c+:vio vcgct+|
Diretrizes Recomendaes Competitividade
Programas
Tecnolgicos
^|tc|+iod+s|cg|s|+ocs|cdc|+|
ccst+du+|s
|od|c+|+s|cg|s|+ocs|cdc|+|c
cst+du+|sv|s+ndo|nccnt|v+|+|oduio
dc|c||o-gus+cm+|tos-|o|nos+c+|vio
vcgct+|
|stcm|c+ ||om+ss+s
||n+nc|+mcnto+|++
const|uiodcus|n+s|ntcg|+d+s
+c+|viovcgct+|
||n+nc|+|+|m|+nt+iodcus|n+s
|ntcg|+d+s+c+|viovcgct+|(com
+c|+||+sb+s|c+s+ox|gcn|oou+c|+||+s
c|ct||c+s)com|ccnd|d+scomomodc|os
s|dc|u|g|cos|ntcg|+dos(+mb|cnt+|mcntc
sustcnt+vc|s)c|c|cscnt+ndo+cvo|uio
tccno|og|c+dos+tu+|sgusc||os
|stcm|c+ ||om+ss+s

||omovc|cstudosdcn+tu|cz+tccn|co-
cconom|c++|++v+||+|++|tc|n+t|v+dc
+m||+iodcm|n|-s|dc|u|g|c+sno+|s
b+sc+d+scmm|n|+|tos-|o|nos+c+|vio
vcgct+|c+c|+||+c|ct||c+comc++c|d+dc
dc|oduion+|+|x+dc0!+.m|||ocs
dctonc|+d+so|+no
|st|utu|+| ||om+ss+s

||omovc|cstudosdcn+tu|cz+tccn|co-
cconom|c++|++v+||+|++|tc|n+t|v+dc
const|uiodcm|n|-s|dc|u|g|c+sno+|s
b+sc+d+scmm|n|+|tos-|o|nos+c+|vio
vcgct+|c+c|+||++ox|gcn|o
|st|utu|+| ||om+ss+s
|c||o||+dodcscmcn|o
tccn|co-+mb|cnt+|
^o|+|+scsu|s+s+||c+d+sdcn+tu|cz+
mu|t|-|nst|tuc|on+|(|o,cton+c|on+|)
cnvo|vcndo+ut|||z+iod+stccn|c+s
dc|cs|||+mcntocd|sscc+iocm+|tos-
|o|nos+c+|viovcgct+|
|st|utu|+| ||om+ss+s

|nccnt|v+|+conso||d+iod+scm|cs+s
dcconsu|to||+ccngcn|+||+dctcnto|+sd+
tccno|og|+do+|to|o|no+c+|viovcgct+|
|stcm|c+
Consu|to||+c
cngcn|+||+||om+ss+s

|cscnvo|vc|cstudosv|s+ndo+o
+c||c|o+mcntod+sc+|g+smct+||c+s
cmcscc|+|d+s|c|+ocsm|nc||o;
s|ntc|;c|ot+bcmcomodcn|io;
c+|+ctc||z+iodosd||c|cntcs
comoncntcs
|st|utu|+|
93
Diretrizes Recomendaes Competitividade
Programas
Tecnolgicos

|cscnvo|vc|tccno|og|+sdc+g|omc|+io
dcnosdcm|nc||odc|c||o+|++tcndc|
scond|ocsdoscto|gusc||o
|st|utu|+| ||om+ss+s

|cscnvo|vc|c|nccnt|v+|+|oduiodc
c+|viovcgct+|no|o|m+tog|+nu|+|com
oob,ct|vodcmc||o|+|os|csu|t+dosdos
m|n|+|tos-|o|nos
|st|utu|+| ||om+ss+s

|cscnvo|vc|cstudos|c|+c|on+doscomo
cont|o|ccoc|+iodom|n|+|to-|o|no+
c+|viovcgct+|
|st|utu|+| ||om+ss+s

^o|+|cstudosv|s+ndo|ccuc|+io
c+o|cusodos+|t|cu|+dosgc|+dosnos
+|tos-|o|nos+c+|viovcgct+|(|nccnt|vo
stccno|og|+sn+c|on+|s|ntc||c||oc
ccno|cd)
|st|utu|+| ||om+ss+s

|omcnt+||nvcst|g+ocs|c|+c|on+d+s+o
usod+scsco||+sdc+|tos-|o|nos+c+|vio
vcgct+|
|st|utu|+| ||om+ss+s

^v+||+|+s+|tc|n+t|v+scdcscnvo|vc|
modc|o+|+o+|ovc|t+mcntodo
otcnc|+|cnc|gct|codog+sdcm|n|+|to-
|o|nonocontcxtodosd||c|cntcso|os
dc|oduiocx|stcntcsno+|s
|st|utu|+| ||om+ss+s

|cscnvo|vc|modc|osdc|cc||cu|+iodc
|cs|duosnos|stcm+|ntcg|+doo|cst+;
s|dc|u|g|c+
|st|utu|+| ||om+ss+s
94
Quadro 6.7: ||:ct:|zcs c |ccomcno+cs ,+:+ :couio o|:ct+ c ,:occssos cmc:gcntcs oc :couio
Diretrizes Recomendaes Competitividade
Programas
Tecnolgicos
|nvcst|g+io+cc|c+d+
v|+b|||d+dcdc|m|+nt+|
modu|osdc|cduiod||ct+
no+|s
|nvcst|g+|v|+b|||d+dcdc|m|+nt+|
modu|osdc|cduiod||ct+t|+d|c|on+|s
(||d|cxc|y|)no+|scom
dcsc+||cg+mcntod||ctodc|||+ucntc
nos|o|nosc|ct||cos++|co+n+||s+ndo+s
su+sv|+b|||d+dcsn+s|cg|ocs||to|nc+s
dcio|+u|o||odc|+nc||oc|s|||to
+nto||cntcm+|o|d|son|b|||d+dcdc
g+sn+tu|+|
|st|utu|+|
||og|+m+dcv|g||nc|+
tccno|og|c++|+|cduiod||ct+
c+|+os|occssoscmc|gcntcs
|m|+nt+|+t|v|d+dcsdcv|g||nc|+
tccno|og|c+dos|occssos|ntc|n+c|on+|s
dc|cduiod||ct+cmdcscnvo|v|mcnto
tcndocomomct++m|n|m|z+iod+
cm|ssiodcCO
.
|st|utu|+| V|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+

||omovc|+v|g||nc|+tccno|og|c++cc|c+
d+cvo|uiodos|occssos|||(s)c||-
||dcv|dossu+sc+|+ctc||st|c+s+uto-
|cduto|+scos|occssosb+t|smc|t|ng
Co|cx||ncxCyc|oncc||smc|t
|st|utu|+| V|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+
^o|o+om+|o|
dcscnvo|v|mcntotccno|og|co
cm+|t|cu|+|+|+tccno|og|+s
ccno|cdc|ntc||c||o
^o|+|odcscnvo|v|mcntodos|occssos
ccno|cdc|ntc||c||otccno|og|+s
|nov+do|+scgcnu|n+mcntcb|+s||c||+s
|st|utu|+|
|ngcn|+||+c
consu|to||+

|omcnt+|+s|nvcst|g+ocssob|c+s
|c+ocsb+s|c+sdc|usio-|cduto|+csu+s
modc|+gcnsm+tcm+t|c+s
|st|utu|+|
|ngcn|+||+c
consu|to||+

^o|+|+|cc||+sun|vc|s|d+dc;
m|nc|+do|+sn+c|on+|sob,ct|v+ndo
dcscnvo|vc|csu|s+scxc||mcnt+|sdc
c+||b|+iocdcmodc|+gcnsm+tcm+t|c+s
+|csc|tod+|oduiodc|||;|||com
+|totco|dcc+|bono(.4`)cd+s|c+ocs
dcsc||-|c|o|m|ngc+t+||s+d+sc|o|c||o
mct+||co
|st|utu|+|

^o|+|+smodc|+gcnsm+tcm+t|c+sdos
|occssosdc||+v+n+doscm|c+to|cs
dccub+cm+|t|cu|+|dc|cduiocom
+|tostco|csdc||d|ogcn|octccno|og|+
CC
|st|utu|+|
95
Quadro 6.8: ||:ct:|zcs c :ccomcno+cs ,+:+ +c|+:|+ ||
Diretrizes Recomendaes Competitividade
Programas
Tecnolgicos
|c||o||+dodcscmcn|o
+mb|cnt+|
||+bo|+|cstudos+cc|c+d+combustiocos-
combustiodosg+scsdo|occsso
|st|utu|+|

|cscnvo|vc|cstudos+|+o+|ovc|t+mcnto
dccsco||+sc|+m+sdc+c|+||+
|st|utu|+|

^o|+|+s||n|+sdccsu|s+v|s+ndo
|ccuc|+iodcz|ncod+s|+m+s||n+sdo
s|stcm+dc||mcz+dcg+scs
|st|utu|+|

|nccnt|v+|+scsu|s+sv|s+ndo|cduz||+
cx+ns|b|||d+dcd+scsco||+s(c+|||v|c)
|st|utu|+|

^o|+|odcscnvo|v|mcntodctccn|c+s
dc|nco|o|+iocont|nu+dc+d|t|vos
cmcsco||+s||u|d+sv|s+ndogc|+io
dc|odutos+|+uso+g||co|+ccm
+v|mcnt+io
|st|utu|+|
|cscnvo|v|mcntodc
|nov+ocs|nc|cmcnt+|s
|omcnt+|+|o|m+iodc|cdcsdccsu|s+
cm|c||nodc+oo|ox|gcn|oo|mc|o
d+const|uiodcums|stcm+cnvo|vcndo
cm|cs+sgovc|noccomun|d+dc+c+dcm|c+
|st|utu|+|
+|cntos+|++
s|dc|u|g|+

|cscnvo|vc|cstudossob|c+stccno|og|+s
c|||c||c+sdc|oduiodc+on+|ot+
|ntcg|+d+convcnc|on+|(+|to-|o|no+couc
cconvc|so|csb+s|cos+ox|gcn|o)nouc
t+ngcdcssu||u|+iodcs|os|o|+io
t|+ns|o|m+iodcgus+c+o|c||nosccund+||o
do+o
|st|utu|+|

||+bo|+|cstudos+|+|ccuc|+iodcv+|o|cs
cont|doscm|c||o||g+s
|st|utu|+|
|stud+||undcntcs+|tc|n+t|vos||uo||t+ |st|utu|+|

|cscnvo|vc|cstudosccsu|s+s|c|c|cntcs
+ootcnc|+|dcdcs|os|o|+ion+cmu|sio
csco||+-b+n|omct+||co+tcnd|d+s+s
cond|ocsoc|+c|on+|sdoconvc|so|||
|st|utu|+|

|nccnt|v+|+modc|+gcmm+tcm+t|c+dos
|c||nos||m+||ocsccund+||obcmcomo
|nvcst||cms|stcm+sdccont|o|cc+utom+io
do|occsso|nc|us|vc+|++v+||+ntc|O|
|st|utu|+|
96
Quadro 6.9: ||:ct:|zcs c :ccomcno+cs ,+:+ +c|+:|+ c|ct:|c+
Diretrizes Recomendaes Competitividade
Programas
Tecnolgicos
|o|ncc|mcntodc
cnc|g|+c|ct||c++custos
comct|t|vos
C+|+nt||osu||mcntodccnc|g|+c|ct||c+cm
cond|ocscomct|t|v+s+|++sus|n+sb+sc
dc|^|(comouscm+|tos-|o|nos)
|stcm|c+

|nccnt|v+|cstudosucs|mu|cmnovos
modc|oss|dc|u|g|cos+|+o+|s
|st|utu|+|
Consu|to||+c
cngcn|+||+
|cscnvo|v|mcntodc
modc|+mcntom+tcm+t|co
+|+cont|o|cdo|occsso
d|nm|co
|omcnt+|dcscnvo|v|mcntoscmm|n|-
s|dc|u|g|c+so|mc|odcu+||||c+iodc
csso+|cm|cs+sb|+s||c||+sdccngcn|+||+c
||n|+scscc|+|sdc||n+nc|+mcnto
|stcm|c+
Consu|to||+c
|ngcn|+||++|cntos
+|++s|dc|u|g|+

||+bo|+|csu|s+sob|cnovos|occssosdc
dcscont+m|n+io|cv|+dcsuc+t+s
|st|utu|+|

||ov|dcnc|+|+n+||scstccn|co-cconom|c+sdc
|occssosu|m|cosdcdcscont+m|n+iodc
suc+t+s,+com|ov+dos
|st|utu|+|

||+bo|+|csu|s+sccstudos|c|+c|on+doss
tccno|og|+sdc|c-+ucc|mcntodcsuc+t+
|st|utu|+|

|cscnvo|vc|cstudos+cc|c+d+
comct|t|v|d+dcdc|ot+succontcm|cm
umm+|o|usodc|c||o-gus+||u|doc|c-
|cduz|dosn+c+|g+mct+||c+dos|^|s
|st|utu|+|

|st|mu|+|csu|s+sdcmodc|+gcm
m+tcm+t|c+do|occssocm|^|comv|st+s
+s|mu|+|o|c-+ucc|mcntodcsuc+t+
m+|o|cst+x+sdc|n,ciodcc+|bonocdc
ox|gcn|obcmcomoomcno|consumo
cscc|||codcsuc+t+
|st|utu|+|

|cscnvo|vc|s|stcm+s+|+o+|ovc|t+mcnto
dog+sdc+c|+||+c|ct||c++|+co-gc|+io
com+b+t|mcnton+|oduiodccm|ssocsdc
g+sdcc|c|tocstu|+
|st|utu|+|
97
Quadro 6.10 ||:ct:|zcs c :ccomcno+cs ,+:+ ,:oouio o|:ct+ oc +o
Diretrizes Recomendaes Competitividade
Programas
Tecnolgicos
||og|+m+dcv|g||nc|+
tccno|og|c+
|cscnvo|vc||og|+m+dcv|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+
|c|+t|v+mcntcsvc|socsdc|occssoscm
dcscnvo|v|mcnto(^||-||||||||con)cdc
out|+s|n|c|+t|v+scmc|gcntcs
|st|utu|+| V|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+
|cscnvo|v|mcnto
c|cnt|||co-tccno|og|co
^o|+|csu|s+sb+s|c+ssob|cos|und+mcntos
dob|nom|o|usio-|cduto|+;|c||nocm
cond|ocss|mu|+d+s
|st|utu|+|
Consu|to||+c
cngcn|+||+

|nccnt|v+|cstudos+cc|c+d+oss|b|||d+dcdo
usodcc+|vocsdcb|om+ss+snos|occssos
dc|oduiod||ct+ccont|nu+dc+ono
scnt|dodc+d|c|on+|m+|c+ntcsv+nt+gcns
soc|o-+mb|cnt+|s
|st|utu|+| ||om+ss+s
Quadro 6.11 ||:ct:|zcs c :ccomcno+cs ,+:+ ,:occssos oc ||ngot+mcnto c |+m|n+io
Diretrizes Recomendaes Competitividade
Programas
Tecnolgicos
^|o|und+mcntodo
con|cc|mcntodctccno|og|+s
+|nd+niod|sscm|n+d+sn+
s|dc|u|g|+b|+s||c||+
||omovc|cstudos|c|+t|vos+os|occssos
C|c||dc|ntcg|+iodc||ngot+mcnto
cont|nuocom|+m|n+io+ucntc
(+os|+nos)ob,ct|v+ndoousodcst+s
tccno|og|+scm|utu|oniomu|tod|st+ntc
|st|utu|+|

^o|+||o,ctomu|t|-|nst|tuc|on+|+|+
odom|n|od+tccno|og|+||Cbcm
comosu+v|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+cmn|vc|
mund|+|
|st|utu|+| V|g||nc|+ccno|og|c+

|omcnt+||nvcst|g+ocssob|cos
mcc+n|smosdc|o|m+iodcscg|cg+ocs
csc+|+iodc|nc|usocscmcond|ocs
s|mu|+d+sdc|+|d+so||d|||c+io(|occsso
||C)tccn|c+stw|n|o||st||c+stc|c
s|ng|cbc|tc+st|ngcosco||csondcntcs
||m|tcs+dm|ss|vc|sdccont+m|n+ntcs
|st|utu|+|

||+bo|+||o,ctodcv|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+
+|csc|tododcscnvo|v|mcntodc|||t|os
u|m|coscmccn|cos+|+|nc|usocs|o,c
cmcu|sonocxtc||o|
|st|utu|+| V|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+
|c||o||+d+scond|ocs
oc|+c|on+|sdctccno|og|+s
cmusoc|+ss|dc|u|g|c+s
b|+s||c||+s
|st|mu|+|cstudossob|c+m|n|m|z+io
dc+t||tocmmo|dcsdc||ngot+mcntov|+
||uxosv|s+ndo+o+c||c|o+mcntodos
|o,ctosdcm+u|n+s
|st|utu|+|

^o|+|o|og|+m+mu|t|-|nst|tuc|on+|dc
modc|+gcmm+tcm+t|c+dos|occssos
dc|+m|n+io|o,c,+nuc|c+donomb|to
d+^||
|st|utu|+|
+|cntos+|++
s|dc|u|g|+

|omcnt+|odcscnvo|v|mcntodc||u|dosdc
|+m|n+ioucg+|+nt+mm+|o|c||c|cnc|+
n+|c|||gc|+iodosc|||nd|os
|st|utu|+|
98
Quadro 6.12 ||:ct:|zcs c :ccomcno+cs ,+:+ ,:ooutos
Diretrizes Recomendaes Competitividade
Programas
Tecnolgicos
V|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+cm|c|+io
+osnovos|odutoss|dc|u|g|cos
c+|t|cu|+iocnt|c+sus|n+s
s|dc|u|g|c+scosconsum|do|cs
|st+bc|ccc|um|og|+m+dc+m|+
v|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+cmmb|to
mund|+||oc+||z+don+conccioc
|oduiodcnovos+os
|st|utu|+| V|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+

Const|u||+m+t||zdc|odutos
|oduz|dosno||+s||ccon||ont+-|+com
+d+|ndust||+mund|+|comob,ct|vo
dccst|mu|+|o+v+nog|+du+|dos
|odutos|+b||c+dosdomcst|c+mcntc
|st|utu|+| V|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+

|st+bc|ccc||occssodccooc|+io
comosusu+||osv|s+ndo+|dcnt|||c+|c
||o||z+|osnovost|osdc+o+sc|cm
dcscnvo|v|dos+ss|mcomo+|ovc|t+|
+sv+nt+gcnsdosnovos|odutos
|st|utu|+|
^o|o+odcscnvo|v|mcntodc
|odutoss|dc|u|g|cosdcm+|o|
so||st|c+iotccno|og|c+
|nvcst||n+|o|m+iodc|cdcsdc
csu|s+(csso+||n||+cst|utu|+
ctc)comoob,ct|vodc+umcnt+|+
c++c|t+io+|+dcscnvo|v|mcntodc
+osm+|sso||st|c+dosnocontcxtod+s
tcndcnc|+smund|+|s
|stcm|c+
+|cntos+|++
s|dc|u|g|+

|cscnvo|vc|cc+|+ctc||z+|osnovos
+os|odutost+ntodccsc+|+
|+bo|+to||+|u+ntod+csc+|+|ndust||+|
|st|utu|+|

|st+bc|ccc||c|+ocsdccooc|+io
comoscto|dc|c||o||g+comoob,ct|vo
dc|cduiodoscustosdcstc|nsumo
bcmcomoodcscnvo|v|mcntodc
|c||o||g+s+dcu+dos|+b||c+iodc
+osm+|sso||st|c+dos
|st|utu|+|

^o|+|+scsu|s+scnvo|vcndoos
+os^|dctc|cc||+gc|+io+|++
|ndust||++utomot|v+
|st|utu|+|

|omcnt+|os|o,ctosdc|ntc|+io
un|vc|s|d+dc-|ndust||+dcct|o|cocg+s
n+tu|+|cm|c|+io+odcscnvo|v|mcnto
dc+os||C|cs|stcntcs+os+mb|cntcs
+c|dos
|st|utu|+|

|st|mu|+|csu|s+s+||c+d+sno
scnt|dodcscv|+b|||z+|+|oduiodc
+oscomm+|o||cs|stcnc|++oc+|o|+|+
cst|utu|+smct+||c+s(c|||sso|d+dos)
|st|utu|+|

|cscnvo|vc|cstudoscscc|||cos
sob|c+oo|tun|d+dcdc|oduiodc
|+m|n+dos|ongos+|nd+nio|oduz|dos
no+|scomoo|cxcm|ot||||osc
do|mcntcsmct+||cos
|st|utu|+|
99
Quadro 6.13 ||:ct:|zcs c :ccomcno+cs ,+:+ gcstio +mb|cnt+|
Diretrizes Recomendaes Competitividade
Programas
Tecnolgicos
^||mo|+mcntodos
modc|osdcgcstio
cm|cs+||+|
^c||c|o+|osmodc|osdcgcstio+|+uc
+scm|cs+scstc,+mmc||o|+||n|+d+s+o
novo+|+d|gm+dodcscnvo|v|mcnto
|st|utu|+|

Com|omctc|-sccom+|nov+io
tccno|og|c+c+c++c|t+iogc|cnc|+|+|+
um++tu+iosoc|+|c+mb|cnt+|mcntc
co||ct++|cmdouccst+bc|ccc+|cg|s|+io
|st|utu|+|
^|t|cu|+iogovc|no;
soc|cd+dc;cm|cs++|+
dc||n|iodc|o,ctos
+mb|cnt+|s||o||t+||osc
n+dc|cs+dos|ntc|csscs
scto||+|scmncgoc|+ocs
|ntc|n+c|on+|s
^o|+|+mc||o|u+||||c+iod+s|nst|tu|ocs
ub||c+s|o|m+|mcntcconst|tu|d+sdc
modo+g+|+nt||+govc|n+b|||d+dcd+s
o||t|c+sub||c+s+mb|cnt+|sd+ndo+tcnio
cscc|+|+|+++tu+iodoso|g+n|smos
co|cg|+dos
|stcm|c+

|st+bc|ccc|o|+|tcd+scm|cs+sdc
|o|m+con,unt+cncgoc|+d+comgovc|nos
csoc|cd+dcmct+svo|unt+||+s|og|+m+sc
|o,ctos||o||t+||os+|++|cduiodosC||
|stcm|c+

|omcnt+|d|scussiosob|c++doiodc
b|o||cduto|cscomv|st+s+ocst+bc|cc|mcnto
dco||t|c+sccst|+tcg|+s
|stcm|c+ ||om+ss+s

|nvo|vc|tod++c+dc|+m|nc|o-mct+|u|g|c+
n+sncgoc|+ocs|ntc|n+c|on+|s+mb|cnt+|s
+|+uccm+tu+iocon,unt+como
govc|nob|+s||c||oos|ntc|csscsdoscto|
sc,+mdc|cnd|dos
|stcm|c+
100
Quadro 6.14 ||:ct:|zcs c :ccomcno+cs ,+:+ gcstio oc cm|sscs +tmos|c:|c+s
Diretrizes Recomendaes Competitividade
Programas
Tecnolgicos
|st|mu|o+ousodoc+|vio
vcgct+|noscto|
^o|+|+scsu|s+s|c|+t|v+s+ousodcc+|vio
dcb|om+ss+cmsubst|tu|io+s|ontcsdc
o||gcm|oss||n+c+dc|+s|dc|u|g|c+
|st|utu|+| ||om+ss+s
|+|o|con|cc|mcntodc
|og|cssostccno|og|couc
c|m|t+m+|ct|+iod+s
cm|ssocs+tmos|c||c+sdc
us|n+s|ntcg|+d+s+couc
^o|+|+|m|cmcnt+iodc|o,ctomu|t|-
|nst|tuc|on+|v|s+ndov|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+
dos|occssosC||||s+|n+|cc|c|+gcmdc
g+sdctoonos+|tos-|o|nos|cduiod||ct+
+v+n+d+(|.)c+tccno|og|+CC
|st|utu|+| V|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+

|omcnt+|+||n|+dccsu|s+dc|oduio
dc|c||o||m+||oo|c|ct|o||sc(c+|bon||cc
|occss)
|st|utu|+|
101
Quadro 6.15 ||:ct:|zcs c :ccomcno+cs ,+:+ consumo oc cnc:g|+
Diretrizes Recomendaes Competitividade
Programas
Tecnolgicos
||m|nu|iodoconsumo
dccnc|g|+c|+|ndust||+
s|dc|u|g|c+b|+s||c||+
|cscnvo|vc|cstudosv|s+ndodc||n|io
d+s+|c+sn+|oduios|dc|u|g|c+dcm+|o|
otcnc|+|dc|cduiodoconsumodccnc|g|+
|st|utu|+|

|cscnvo|vc|m+nu+|sdcbo+s|+t|c+sv|s+ndo+
cconom|z+|cnc|g|+comos|ccu|soscx|stcntcs
|st|utu|+|

|x+nd||c+c||c|o+|oss|stcm+sdcco-
gc|+iodccnc|g|+
|st|utu|+|

|nvcst||cmcstudosdc|||t|+gcmdcg+s
cscc|+|mcntcdo+|to-|o|nov|s+ndo+o
+umcntod+conccnt|+iodcCO
|st|utu|+|

^o|+||o,ctosdc|nvcst|g+iov|s+ndo+o
+|ovc|t+mcntod+cnc|g|+tc|m|c+cont|d+n+s
csco||+s
|st|utu|+|

^b|||||n|+sdc|omcntoscsu|s+s
cnvo|vcndoousodc+g|omc|+dos
+uto|cduto|csnos+|tos-|o|noscm+|t|cu|+|
do|o,ctob|+s||c||occno|cd
|st|utu|+|

|omcnt+|csu|s+scnvo|vcndoo
cn||ucc|mcntodcox|gcn|onoso|odos+|tos-
|o|nosc+|n,ciodc|+st|cosc|+svcnt+nc||+s
|st|utu|+|

^o|+|+|c+||z+iodccstudostccn|co-
cconom|cossob|cousodcc+|viovcgct+|
comotc|mo-|cduto|n+stccno|og|+sdc
|cduiot|+d|c|on+|sccmc|gcntcs
|st|utu|+| ||om+ss+s

ubst|tu||ost|+t+mcntostc|m|coso|
t|+t+mcntotc|momccn|co
|st|utu|+|

|cscnvo|vc|cu|+mcntos+ux|||+|csm+|s
c||c|cntcscnc|gct|c+mcntc
|st|utu|+|

^o|+|+|m|cmcnt+iodc|og|+m+dc
v|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+dcn+tu|cz+mu|t|-
|nst|tuc|on+|v|s+ndo+omon|to|+mcntodos
|occssos||CC||||s+|n+cdc|cc|c|+gcm
dcg+sdctoonoucsc|c|c|ccnc|g|+
|st|utu|+| V|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+
102
Quadro 6.16 ||:ct:|zcs c :ccomcno+cs ,+:+ gcstio oc :cs|ouos. :cc|c|+gcm c :ccu:sos ||o:|cos
Diretrizes Recomendaes Competitividade
Programas
Tecnolgicos
Ot|m|z+iodos
cs|o|os,+|c+||z+dos
n+gcstiodc|cs|duosc
|cc|c|+gcm
|x+nd||os|stcm++tu+|dc+|ovc|t+mcntodc
|cs|duosc|cc|c|+gcmdo+o
|st|utu|+|

Const|u||+m+t||zdc|cs|duosd+|ndust||+
s|dc|u|g|c+c|nvcst||cmnovos|og|+m+s+|+
dcscnvo|v|mcntodc|occssos+|+convc|sio
dc|cs|duoscmco|odutoscc||+iodcnov+s
oo|tun|d+dcso|mc|odc|occssocooc|+t|vo
cnvo|vcndocm|cs+sccomun|d+dc+c+dcm|c+
|st|utu|+|

^v+||+|+ut|||z+iodcsuc+t+sdcout|+so||gcns
(|+st|coos-consumoo|cxcm|o)c|oo|
s|stcm+dcc|cd|to+mb|cnt+|o|cont+d+
ut|||z+io
|st|utu|+|
^c||c|o+mcntod+
gcstiodc|ccu|sos
||d||cos
|nvcst||cmdcscnvo|v|mcntodctccno|og|+s+|+
|cc|c|+gcmdc+gu+dct+||o|m++mc||o|+|cm
.01|nd|ccs+tu+|sdcbomdcscmcn|o+sc|cm
dctc|m|n+dosscto||+|mcntc
|st|utu|+|
103
LISTA DE DOCUMENTOS INTERMEDIRIOS DO ESTUDO
Recomendaes poltico-institucionais para a siderurgia do Brasil 2010-2025. Documento
propositivo. Braslia, DF, Set/2009. 35p.
|+|cc|odc|+tos|stcdocumcntocontcmocsscnc|+|+|+ucsc|undcm+sb+scsd+s|dc|u|g|+b|+s|-
|c||+do|utu|oudov+|dccndc|d+cxtcnsio+uc+s+ocs|oost+ssc|io|cv+d+sc|stocum+t+|c|+
d+|c|cvnc|+dostom+do|csdcdcc|siodoscto|s|dc|u|g|codo||+s||
Recomendaes para inovao tecnolgica na siderurgia do Brasil 2010-2025. Documento
propositivo. Braslia, DF, Out/2009. 36p.
Jos Carlos DAbreu O documcnto |c|cscnt+ o con,unto dc +ocs uc dcvcm c|m|t|| s|dc|u|g|+
b|+s||c||+m+ntc|-sccomct|t|v+csustcnt+vc||+|s+|nd++su+const|uioc+|+ctc||z+d+o|um+v|sio
dcmoc|+t|c+|mc||os+ncst+ss|tu+ocscontoucom+co|+bo|+iodc|c|cscnt+ntcsdogovc|no+c+-
dcm|+ccm|cs+snumcs|o|oucscmduv|d+scnio|ncd|tocum+dcmonst|+iod+d+ucstio
tccno|og|c+o|t+ntosu+ntostcmcom|om|ssocomo|utu|od+s|dc|u|g|+b|+s||c||+
Siderurgia: Sustentabilidade tema estratgico para setor de produo de ao, recomenda
estudo; crise adia investimento e expanso. Artigo publicitrio. Braslia, DF, Mai/2009. 3p.
Juliana Marinho|+|s||n+nc|+mcnto+|+csu|s+dcscnvo|v|mcntoc|nov+iomc||o||+n+|o|m+io
dc|ccu|sos|um+nos|cv|siodomodc|odct||but+io|cduiod+scm|ssocsdcg+scsdcc|c|tocstu-
|+cdoconsumodc+gu+ccnc|g|+|st+ssio|ccomcnd+ocs|c||m|n+|cs+|+oscto|s|dc|u|g|couc
|csu|t+md++t|v|d+dcdoCC||dcnom|n+d+ccno|og|+sC||t|c+scmcto|cs|conom|cos|st|+tcg|cos
Deliberaes do Comit Executivo: relato de reunio extraordinria. Ata de reunio. Bras-
lia, DF, Fev/2009. 20p.
Fernando Cosme Rizzo Assuno O CC|| +v+||ou + |cun|io d+ com|ssio do || (|c+||z+d+ cm
o,;o.;.oo,)comomu|toos|t|v+ccsc|+|cccdo|+d+|mo|tnc|+d+cont|nu|d+dcdo|studonoscnt|do
docum||mcntodcscuob,ct|vom+|o|o|o|t+|cc|mcntodos||+|csdccomct|t|v|d+dcsustcnt+b|||d+-
dcc|csons+b|||d+dcsoc|+|noscto||+zcndo-scusodocno|mccon|cc|mcnto|omov|doc|cg|st|+do
nosdocumcntostccn|cos|oduz|dosn+|+scdo+no|+m+scto||+|
Mapeamento estratgico do setor siderrgico brasileiro. Caderno de informaes de base
(oportunidades, desaos, foras, fraquezas). Relatrio de ocina. Braslia, DF, Nov/2008. 98p.
Elyas Ferreira de Medeiros|sscC+dc|nocontcm|n|o|m+ocs(|c||m|n+|cs)dcb+sccst|+tcg|c++|+
o||cu,o|o||zontctcmo|+|sccstcndc+.o.,|c|co|c|to|cncont|+|+t|+nsc||ocsdctcndcn-
c|+s|cv|socs|+toso|t+do|csdc|utu|oontos|o|tcsontos||+cosc|ccomcnd+ocsdc|ntc|cssc
d+s|dc|u|g|+b|+s||c||+
104
Consideraes metodolgicas para estratgias. Artigo pela equipe tcnica do CGEE. Bras-
lia, DF, Abr/2009. 6p.
Elyas Ferreira de Medeiros|+t+d+|oduiodccst|+tcg|+s+|+u+t|o||cntcsdc|ntc|cssc|mcd|+to
doscto|s|dc|u|g|co|o|m+iodcu+d|os-tccn|cos+||+n,os+|+|nov+iotccno|og|c+d|+gnost|co|os-
cct|vo+|+oscto|m|nc|+|cconst|uiodcobsc|v+to||otccno|og|co+|+oscto|m|nc|o-mct+|u|g|co
Resumo de notas tcnicas do EPSS. Relatrio pela equipe tcnica do CGEE. Braslia, DF,
Dez/2008. 25p.
Beatriz MangasOob,ct|voc+o|+|ocstudod+s|dc|u|g|+n+s|+scs||c|||comv|st+smont+gcmdc
|otc||osdc+ocscst|+tcg|c+sctccno|og|c+s+|+oscto|Cu|d+mosd+|cv|sioc|o|m+t+iod+s|ot+s
ccn|c+sscgundo+sno|m+s+dot+d+sc|oCC||^dcm+|s|oduz|mosodocumcnto|csumo|xccu-
t|vo d+s |ot+s ccn|c+s do |studo ||oscct|vo do cto| |dc|u|g|co no u+| odcm sc| cncont|+d+s
s|ntcscsd+smcsm+s
Documento do panorama do setor siderrgico. Relatrio. Braslia, DF, Out/2008. 117p.
Marcelo de Matos^sd|scussocs+|cscnt+d+s+o|ongodcstct|+b+||omost|+|+muc|+cmcu|sonos
d|+sdc|o,cum|occssodcmud+n+s|o|und+sustcnt+b|||d+dcccomct|t|v|d+dc|c|cscnt+m+|+
+scm|cs+sdo|sc|xosucsuo|t+|iotodososscusdcscnvo|v|mcntos++|t||dc+go|+|cm|ox|m+cst+
+|cgu|+mcnt+iod+|csons+b|||d+dcsoc|+|||oduz||nosd|+sdc|o,cnios|gn|||c++cn+su+nt|d+dcsc
|uc|os|+sub,+ccntc+oun|vc|sooc|+c|on+|umcon,untodc|+to|csucdcvcmsc|cons|dc|+dos
Recomendaes para siderurgia quanto a inovaes tecnolgicas, ecincia energtica,
responsabilidade social, aspectos macroeconmicos. Relatrio de ocina. Braslia, DF,
Jan/2009. 17p.
Beatriz Mangas^|oost+dcst+|ot+ccx||c|t+|dom+tc||+||oduz|docmscm|n+||on+^||ocon-
,untod+s||nc|+|s|ccomcnd+ocsdccscc|+||st+s+|+cntiodcsdob|+-|+scmcst|+tcg|+sc|+nosdc
+iocom++|t|c|+iodc|o|mu|+do|csdco||t|c+sub||c+sctom+do|csdcdcc|sionosmb|tosdc
govc|nocm|cs+sc+c+dcm|+sOdocumcntocontcm(+)|m+v|siocst|+tcg|c+sob|c|nov+ocstcc-
no|og|c+sn+s|dc|u|g|+(.)|m+v|siocst|+tcg|c+sob|cc||c|cnc|+cnc|gct|c+n+s|dc|u|g|+(,)O+c|d+
|csons+b|||d+dcsoc|+|n+sustcnt+b|||d+dcdcscto|cs|ndust||+|sc(|)^scctosm+c|occonom|coscom
|m+ctonomc|c+dodccommod|t|cscdo+o
Inovaes tecnolgicas. Nota tcnica de consultor. Braslia, DF, Dez/2008. 31p.
Jos Carlos DAbreu^stcndcnc|+stccno|og|c+smund|+|sdosv+||osscto|csuccomoc+c+dc|+|o-
dut|v+d+s|dc|u|g|+cstioc|omomcntobcmcst+bc|cc|d+s^|gum+s|oost+s|nov+do|+sdcn+tu|c-
z+|+d|c+|,ust|||c+m|cn+mcntcum|og|+m+dcv|g||nc|+tccno|og|c+cont|nu+o|+|tcdoscto|n+-
c|on+|tcndocmv|st+uc|c|cscnt+m+mc++sstccno|og|+sv|gcntcs||nc|+|mcntcosc+|bon|css
|occsscsc+stccno|og|+sdcb+|xoconsumocnc|gct|cocdcm|n|m|z+iod+cm|ssiodcCO.
Tecnologia e Inovao. Nota tcnica de consultor. Braslia, DF, Dez/2008. 50p.
Jos Carlos DAbreu|st+not+tccn|c++|cscnt+otcm+|c|+t|vo|nov+iotccno|og|c+n+s|dc|u|g|++bo|-
105
d+ndo|n|c|+|mcntc+|gunsto|cosgc|+|scconcc|tu+|scodcscnvo|v|mcntod+s|dc|u|g|+b|+s||c||+dos+nos
;o+tc++tu+||d+dc+n+||s+ndo+c|scct|v+dc|nvcst|mcntocm|||||c|c|cntc+oc||odo.oo;-.o+.|o
+scctodo|occssodc|nov+ion+s|dc|u|g|+cd|scut|d++|n||ucnc|+dosscto|cs||ontc||+scom+c+dc|+
s|dc|u|g|c+scndo|n|c|+|mcntc+|cscnt+dosdo|s|nd|c+do|csdcdcscnvo|v|mcntotccno|og|co
Biomassa para siderurgia. Nota tcnica de consultor. Braslia, DF, Dez/2008. 17p.
Ronaldo Santos Sampaio|v|+vc|c+t|+cntc+|++comct|t|v|d+dcd+s|dc|u|g|+b|+s||c||++|ntcns|||-
c+iodousodc|+nt|os||o|cst+|ssustcnt+vc|s+|++|oduiodcc+|viovcgct+|cscusco|odutosOs
||nc||+svcto|cs+|+osuccssodousodos|+nt|os||o|cst+|ssio+ont+doscsugcstocsdcontos|c|c-
v+ntcsco|oc+d+so+ssuntoccom|cxocontudo|stcdocumcnto|nd|c++|tcdos+ssuntos|c|cv+ntcs
cons|dc|+dosv|t+|s+|+ocont|nuosuccssocc|csc|mcntosustcnt+dodcss++t|v|d+dcno||+s||
Converso da biomassa em carvo vegetal. Nota tcnica de consultor. Braslia, DF,
Dez/2008. 18p.
Ronaldo Santos Sampaio||sco||c-scsob|co|occssodcc+|bon|z+ioc|css+|t+-sc+ncccss|d+dcdc
scut|||z+|os|stcm+csosccodcm+dc||+cc+|viovcgct+||oduz|do+|+od|++d|+dcst++t|v|d+dc
^u+nt|d+dccu+||d+dcdoc+|viovcgct+|dccndcmdc|+to|cst+|scomo+m+dc||+csu+sc+|+ctc||s-
t|c+su|m|c+sc||s|c+s+ss|mcomosu+um|d+dcdcnt|cout|osccno|og|+ss|m|cs+|+cssc|occsso
+|nd+|cv+|cccmno||+s||m+sout|+s,+cstioscndo+||mo|+d+scnov+s|m|+nt+d+s
Uso de carvo vegetal em mini altos-fornos. Nota tcnica de consultor. Braslia, DF,
Dez/2008. 17p.
Ronaldo Santos Sampaio^|ot+t|+t+dc+ssuntoscmct+s|c|cv+ntcsn+|oduiodo|c||ogus+nosm|n|
+|tos-|o|nosc|oocmv+||+s|ccomcnd+ocs+|+oscto|dcnt|c+su+|s+tu+|cm|cg|s|+ocscst+du+|sc
|cdc|+|suc|nccnt|vcm++g|cg+iodcv+|o|+os|ccu|sosn+tu|+|scomoc+|oduiodc|c||ogus+c+os+
+|t||dosm|nc||osno||+s||Ovcto|su||mcntodcc+|viovcgct+|odcv||+sc||c|o|+docomsu||mcnto
dcm+dc||+dc|oduto|cs|ndccndcntcs|omcnt+dosc|oso|giosub||cosdc||n+nc|+mcnto+odcscn-
vo|v|mcntodccucnoscmcd|oscm|cs+||osdoc+mo^ss|m+s|cg|+s|cg+|s|cc|s+mmc||o||nc|u||
t+mbcmo|oduto||ndccndcntcdcm+dc||+cc+|viovcgct+|dc||o|cst+s|+nt+d+s
Sustentabilidade do setor mnero-metalrgico. Nota tcnica de consultor. Braslia, DF,
Jul/2008. 08p.
Jacques Marcovitch|nt|c+s|ccomcnd+ocs+|+|cduz||+conccnt|+iodcc|c|tocstu|+n++tmos|c|++s
c|ncocsco|||d+scomm+|o|cs|nd|ccsdc+o|o|o|+m(+)|nvcst||cmcsu|s+sdctccno|og|+s||m+s(.)
|st|utu|+|s|stcm+s|cgu|+to||osdc+d|io|ntc|n+c|on+|(,)^t|+||tccno|og|+||m+(|)|cduz||cm|ssocsdc
C+scsdc||c|to|stu|+(C||)(,)|nduz||+|cduiodcC||n+sc+dc|+sdc|o|ncc|mcntocd|st||bu|io
Gs Natural. Nota tcnica de consultor. Braslia, DF, Dez/2008. 13p.
Paulo Ludmer^mu|t|||c+iodos|cos|ntc|n+c|on+|sdoct|o|co+|ctouos|cos|c|+t|vosdosdc-
m+|s|nsumoscnc|gct|cos^t|ng|ut+mbcmog+sn+tu|+|c+b||ucs+o+|+odcscnvo|v|mcntodc|on-
tcs|cnov+vc|sdccnc|g|++ntcs+nt|cconom|c+sOg+som+|s+t|+t|vocnt|coscombust|vc|sdc||d|oc+|-
106
bonctos|ossc|stc|+c|+||cntcum+gudoconscnsod+|um+n|d+dccms|nton|+com+cnc|g|+||m+c
sustcnt+vc|gcoo||t|c+mcntc|ndccndcntcc+vcss++||scosd+vo|+t|||d+dcO+c|dog+sn+soc|cd+dc
scguc+t|+t|voccomv|d+|ong+m+ssobb+||z+s|ntc||+mcntcnov+sccmdc||n|io
Laminao. Nota tcnica de consultor. Braslia, DF, Jul/2008. 23p.
Ernandes Marcos da Silveira Rizzo^|mo|tnc|+dosmct+|sn+tccno|og|+modc|n+dcvc-sccmg|+ndc
+|tc|c|+t|v+|+c|||d+dccomuccstcsodcmsc||occss+doscomoob,ct|vodcscobtc|um+|o|m+
dcsc,+d+com|o||cd+dcscont|o|+d+sc+umcustocom+t|vc|com+su+ut|||z+io
Minrio de ferro e pelotas: Situao atual e tendncias 2025. Nota tcnica de consultor.
Braslia, DF, Dez/2008. 50p.
Jos Murilo Mouro^m|nc|+iodc|c||ob|+s||c||+ocu+os|io|c|cv+ntcnoccn+||omund|+|||dc-
|+ndoos||nc|+|smc|c+dost+ntocmvo|umcu+ntocmu+||d+dcComos|nvcst|mcntos+nunc|+dos
dcvc|+conso||d+|css+cond|iono|ongo|+zocndo+t|v|d+dc|ntcns|v+cmc+|t+|+csc+|+c+u+-
||d+dcd+s|csc|v+sm|nc|+|s+ss|mcomodos+t|vosdc|oduioc|og|st|c+cont|nu+|ioscndo|+to|cs
dctc|m|n+ntcs+|++comct|t|v|d+dccmn|vc|g|ob+|
Metlicos para aciarias: sucatas, gusa, ferro esponja. Nota tcnica de consultor. Braslia, DF,
Dez/2008. 33p.
Boaventura Mendona dAvila Filho |o ||+s|| c|nco |+to|cs d||c|cnc|+m scu mc|c+do dc suc+t+ cm
|c|+io+ou+d|omund|+|(+)c|cv+d++|t|c|+iod+sus|n+s|ntcg|+d+sn+|oduiodc+o(.)d|so-
n|b|||d+dcdcgus+(o|c|t+do)o|um+|oduio|ndccndcntc(dcv|dod|son|b|||d+dc|m+|dcm|nc||o
dc|c||ono+|s)(,)+|cc|+s|gn|||c+t|v+doscm|-+c+b+don+|oduiovcnd|d+c|+ss|dc|u|g|c+s+|+
cxo|t+io(|)m+|sdc+;,d+|oduiodc+o(+c+b+docscm|-+c+b+do)dcst|n+docxo|t+io(|)
|oduio+utomob|||st|c+nio|oo|c|on+|(+|+m+|o|)+on|vc|dc|cnd+c|c+|t+do+|s
Carvo e coque. Nota tcnica de consultor. Braslia, DF, Dez/2008. 24p.
Eduardo Osrio Antnio VilelaCarlos Hoffmann^|+|cscnt++sd|vc|s+soss|b|||d+dcsdc|nsc|-
io dc c+|vio c couc n+s |ot+s dc |oduio dc +o io dc||n|dos os ||nc|+|s concc|tos dc c+|vio
|+v|+bcnc||c|+mcntoc||tc||os+|+c+|+ctc||z+iodcc+|vocsc|occssosdcconvc|sio+|+uson+s|dc-
|u|g|+|nt|ct+ntoos||nc|+|sob,ct|vossio+|cscnt+|+sc|scct|v+sccnt|+vcstccno|og|cos+|+o
scto|dcc+|vioccoucn+s|dc|u|g|+tcndcnc|+s+|+os|ox|mos+nosoo|tun|d+dcscdcs+||os+|+
oscto||oduto|cconsum|do|dcc+|vio|+zcndo|c|c|cnc|+s|tu+io+tu+|c+ss+d+d+|oduiodc
c+|vio(m|nc|+iocbcnc||c|+mcnto)io|c|t+s|ccomcnd+ocss|nst|tu|ocsscto||+|s(+c+dcm|+cm-
|cs+sm|nc|o-mct+|u|g|c+s)cgovc|no+||mdcmc||o|+|+comct|t|v|d+dccsustcnt+b|||d+dcd+s|dc-
|u|g|+no+|snosmb|toscconom|cosoc|+|cu|tu|+|ccco|og|co
Fundentes e escoricantes: situao atual com tendncias 2025. Nota tcnica de consultor.
Braslia, DF, Dez/2008. 26p.
Katsujiro SusakiOob,ct|vodcst+|ot+c+|cscnt+|ocst+dod++|tcd+tccno|og|+s|dc|u|g|c+com|c|+io
+os|undcntcsc||ux+ntcsc+n+||s+|dcucm+nc||+osd|vc|sosvcto|cscconom|costccno|og|coscsoc|+|s
+|ct+|io+|o|m+comooscsco||||c+ntcssc|iout|||z+dosn++t|v|d+dcs|dc|u|g|c+no|o||zontcdc.o.,Os
csco||||c+ntcssio|nsumosdcb+|xov+|o|cos|ob|cm+s+c|cs+ssoc|+dossiob+s|c+mcntc+|og|st|c+dc
107
t|+nso|tccsu||mcntodcg+sn+tu|+|+|+c+|c|n+io|+soucmc|ccc+tcnio+|+uco+|sscto|nc
|c+|mcntcumg|+ndc|+yc|s|dc|u|g|comund|+|codom|n|odos|occssosdc|c||nodc+o
Outros Insumos: ferro-ligas, zinco, estanho, cromo, nquel, alumnio e minrio de man-
gans: situao atual com tendncias 2025. Nota tcnica de consultor. Braslia, DF,
Dez/2008. 54p.
Claudio Parra De LazzariO|cscntct|+b+||otcvco|ob,ct|voc|ctu+|um++n+||scdct+||+d++|csc|-
todos+ssuntos|c|cv+ntcs|c|+c|on+dos++|guns|mo|t+ntcs|nsumosut|||z+dosn+|ndust||+s|dc|u|g|c+
(|c||o-||g+sz|ncocst+n|oc|omon|uc|+|um|n|ocm|nc||odcm+ng+ncs)Como|csu|t+do+|+c+d+
umdcstcs|nsumoscsu|s+dos|o|oss|vc|c|+bo|+|umd|+gnost|co|cc|socmtc|mosdcs|tu+io+s-
s+d+d++tu+|cd+s|m||c+ocs|utu|+s|cv|st+sdcnt|odo|o||zontcdc.o.,^|ot+ccn|c++|cscnt+
um+sc||cdc|ccomcnd+ocs+sc|cmscgu|d+stcndoo|b+scodcscnvo|v|mcnto|cv|sto+|+oscto|
s|dc|u|g|conos|ox|mos+nos
Ecincia energtica na siderurgia. Nota tcnica de consultor. Braslia, DF, Fev/2009. 32p.
Srgio Valdir Bajay|st+|ot+ccn|c+|ocu|+most|+|ucdcum|+do|ouvcg|+ndcs|og|cssosn+
gcstiodos||nc|+|s|nsumoscnc|gct|cosm+sdcout|o+|nd+|+c|cv+dos||m|tcsdcconsc|v+iodc
cnc|g|+t+ntotc|m|c+comoc|ct||c+ucodcmsc|+t|ng|doscomsubst+nc|+|sbcnc||c|oscmtc|mos
dccomct|t|v|d+dccsustcnt+b|||d+dc+mb|cnt+||cmvc|d+dcuctudo|ssodccndc|+d++doiodc
cst|+tcg|+scm|cs+||+|s+dcu+d+scd+|o|mu|+iodco||t|c+sub||c+sdc|omcnto+|o||+d+s
Engenharia de projetos. Nota tcnica de consultor. Braslia, DF, Dez/2008. 09p.
Pedro Braga|o||+s||+d|sc|||n+dccngcn|+||+dc|o,ctosn++|c+s|dc|u|g|c+so||cun+sdcc+d+sdc
+,so-+,,oum|o|tc|occssodccsv+z|+mcnto|m|cs+st|+d|c|on+|sdcs++|ccc|+mdc||n|t|v+mcntcou
d|m|nu||+md|+st|c+mcntcdct+m+n|oCom+|ctom+d+dodcscnvo|v|mcntod+|ndust||+s|dc|u|g|c+
n+c|on+|++|t||do||n+|d+dcc+d+dc+,,occom+g|+ndc+cc|c|+iodcstcdcscnvo|v|mcnto++|t||
dc.oo|+scm|cs+ssob|cv|vcntcsbusc+m|cun|||ccu|sos+|+|+zc|||cntc+o|mcnsodcs+||ocnov+s
cm|cs+ssc|o|m+mno|occsso
Engenharia de montagem. Nota tcnica de consultor. Braslia, DF, Dez/2009. 19p.
Mauro Ottoboni Pinho|mnovoc|c|odc|osc||d+dccconom|c+dcvc+|+v+nc+|+cconom|+b|+s||c||+
+|+um+t+m+|m+|sc|cv+dooucs|gn|||c+m+|o|dcm+nd+o||odutoss|dc|u|g|cosnocu|to|+zo
|xcm|od|ssoc+|oduio+utomob|||st|c+b|+s||c||+,+scco|oc+ndocnt|c+ssc|sm+|o|csdomundo
Out|os cxcm|os most|+m sc| u|gcntc um |+no cst|+tcg|co dc c|csc|mcnto sustcnt+vc| d+ s|dc|u|g|+
n+c|on+|cv|t+ndo-scosontosdccst|+ngu|+mcnton+c+dc|+|odut|v+^cx|stcnc|+dcmio-dc-ob|+
u+||||c+d+cmu+nt|d+dc+dcu+d+cdcg|+ndc|mo|tnc|++|+g+|+nt||o+tcnd|mcntodosd|vc|sos
cm|ccnd|mcntoss|dc|u|g|cosucdcvc|iosc|cst+bc|cc|dosno+|snos|ox|mos+,+nos
Formao e desenvolvimento de quadros-tcnicos para o setor siderrgico. Nota tcnica
de consultor. Braslia, DF, Jul/2008. 16p.
Joel Souza Dutra^gcstiodccsso+stcm+ss+doo|g|+ndcst|+ns|o|m+ocsObsc|v+-sc+b+ndono
dcummodc|o|oc+donocont|o|cdccsso+s+|+ummodc|o|oc+donodcscnvo|v|mcntodccsso+s
|sscmodc|ocst+b+sc+don+|dc|+domutuodcscnvo|v|mcntoousc,++cxcct+t|v+d+csso+cont||-
108
bu|ndodc|o|m+c|ct|v++|+odcscnvo|v|mcntod+o|g+n|z+ioc+o|g+n|z+ioc||+ndocond|ocsob-
,ct|v+s+|+odcscnvo|v|mcntod+scsso+s
Tributao, nanciamento e incentivos. Nota tcnica de consultor. Braslia, DF, Ago/2008. 48p.
Srgio de Jesus Pereira ^ |ot+ ccn|c+ +|cscnt+ um +no|+m+ do s|stcm+ t||but+||o b|+s||c||o com
cn|+sccm+scctosuc+|ct+md||ct+mcntc+|ndust||+s|dc|u|g|c+no+|s|dcnt|||c++ss|tu+ocsuc
|c,ud|c+m + comct|t|v|d+dc d+s cm|cs+s do scto| ||cntc +os comct|do|cs dc out|os +|scs bcm
como|o|mu|+|ccomcnd+ocscomv|st+s+c||m|n+|+sd|sto|ocsc+sscgu|+|cond|ocsdcc|csc|mcnto
nos|ox|mos+nos
Mercado e produtos: quanticaes e projees. Nota tcnica de consultor. Braslia, DF,
Dez/2008. 46p.
Boaventura Mendona dAvila Filho ^ |cscntc |ot+ ccn|c+ +b|+ngc u+nt|||c+io c |o,cio do
mc|c+dob|+s||c||odc+o+ss|mcntcnd|dosos|odutos|+m|n+doscnt|cgucsc|+sus|n+sd||ct+mcntc
+osconsum|do|cs||n+|souuc+cstcsc|cg+mo|mc|odcd|st||bu|do|cscccnt|osdcsc|v|o+os+|-
gum|occss+mcnto+d|c|on+|iocxcm|osco|tcdcbob|n+scmc|++s||t+st||+scb|+n|s+c+b+mcn-
tosuc|||c|+|dcb+||+s|c+|+iodcvc|g+||ocs+|++|m+iodcconc|ctot|c|||+||+dc+|+mcscout|os
Gesto de coprodutos. Nota tcnica de consultor. Braslia, DF, Jul/2008. 28p.
Luis Cludio Pinto Oliveira^|ndust||+s|dc|u|g|c+cum++t|v|d+dc|ntcns|v+cmut|||z+iodccnc|g|+
+gu+cm+tc||+|s^d|c|on+|mcntccb+st+ntcs|gn|||c+t|v++gc|+iodc|cs|duosso||doso|tonc|+d+dc
+o|oduz|doucc+sonio|osscm|c+|ovc|t+dos|ov+vc|mcntc|nv|+b|||z+||+m+|oduiodc+oo|
|+to|cscconom|cosc+mb|cnt+|s
Logstica de transportes. Nota tcnica de consultor. Braslia, DF, Out/2008. 33p.
Boaventura Mendona dAvila Filho|st+|ot+ccn|c+com|ccndc+u+nt|||c+iod+dcm+nd++tu+|
c|utu|+dct|+nso|tcdc|odutoscm+tc||+s-||m+sc|+s|dc|u|g|+b|+s||c||+c+|nd|c+iodos+scctos
|c|cv+ntcsd+oc|+iodosmod+|s|c||ov|+||o|odov|+||oco|tu+||o;m+||t|moucodc|iocnt|+v+|o
c|csc|mcntodc|oduiodc+ono||+s||c+so|nvcst|mcntos||xoscoc|+c|on+|sniosc,+mc|ct|v+dos
Gesto ambiental: marcos regulatrios e gesto de utilidades. Nota tcnica de consultor.
Braslia, DF, Dez/2008. 64p.
Patrcia Helena Gambogi Bson |+ |ot+ ccn|c+ t|+z + d|nm|c+ d+ o||t|c+ +mb|cnt+| no mundo c
no||+s||comcn|+sc+|++cvo|uiod+sno|m+s+mb|cnt+|s^|nd+os+scctoscscc|||cosd+gcstio
dcut|||d+dcoccn+||o|cg+|c|nst|tuc|on+|d+gcstio+mb|cnt+|cdc|ccu|sos||d||cosuc+|ct+moscto|
s|dc|u|g|co+stcndcnc|+scons|dc|+ndo+d|nm|c+d+gcstio+mb|cnt+|osdcs+||osc+soo|tun|d+dcs
comb+scncss+stcndcnc|+s
Gesto da qualidade. Nota tcnica de consultor. Braslia, DF, Dez/2008. 16p.
Carlos Augusto Oliveira^+|t||dc+,,o|ouvcum++bc|tu|+domc|c+dos|dc|u|g|co|nsc||ndo+|n-
dust||+nomc|c+dog|ob+|^|ndust||++utomob|||st|c+c+dcc|ct|odomcst|coscomoosm+|scx|gcntcs
109
c||cntcs+ss+|+m+cob|+|m+|o|dcscmcn|o|unc|on+|dos|odutoss|dc|u|g|cosc+cx|g||no|m+||z+-
ocscscc|||c+s^s|tu+iodcmc|c+dom+|scx|gcntcccomnov+s|ontcs+|tc|n+t|v+sdc+b+stcc|mcnto
+ss++|cccbc||o|tc|n||ucnc|+d+scx|gcnc|+sdosc||cntcsc++mc++dc|odutossubst|tutos|cstct|+-
b+||o|ocu|+-scm+c+|+s+ocscmctodo|og|+suc|cc|s+msc||nt|oduz|d+sou+c||c|o+d+s+|+
m+ntc|umbomos|c|on+mcntodo+ob|+s||c||ocmtc|mosdcu+||d+dc
Aciaria LD. Nota tcnica de consultor. Braslia, DF, Ago/2008. 14p.
Andr Luiz V. da Costa e SilvaO|otc||odc|oduio|ndust||+|dos+oscoucousu+|dcnt|cosmct+|s
|nvo|vcdo|s|occssoscom|cmcnt+|csumdc|cduiot||c+mcntc|c+||z+docm+|to-|o|no|oduz|n-
dogus+cumdc|c||nocnvo|vcndoox|d+iocont|o|+d+scgu|d+dcdcsox|d+ioO|c||nocmgc|+|
cm|cg+ogus+ccmm+|o|oumcno|csc+|+out|+sc+|g+smct+||c+st+|scomosuc+t+c|c-|cduz|dos
^oso|c||noum+ct++csscnc|+|co||ngot+mcnto|mgc|+|+s+c|+||+snomundo|ntc||o|nc|ucmos
|occssosdc|c||nocdc||ngot+mcnto|mmu|t+s+c|+||+socvcntu+||c-t|+t+mcntodogus+||u|do
c|nc|u|dot+mbcmn++c|+||+Ocscoodcst+|ot+ccn|c+|nc|u|tod+s+s+t|v|d+dcsdc|c||no+oso
v+z+mcntodogus+do+|to-|o|no
Aciaria eltrica: Situao atual e tendncias 2025. Nota tcnica de consultor. Braslia, DF,
Nov/2008. 23p.
Lauro ChevrandO|occsso|odut|vo||+|O|(|nc|gyOt|m|z|ng|u|n+cc)|csondc|+o|,o/do
tot+|dc|oduiodc+ocont|++o/dc||^(|o|no||ct||co+^|co)^tu+|mcntctcmos+|ox|m+d+mcn-
tcso/dc||+|O||stc|+to+c+||ct+um+s|tu+iomu|to|ntc|css+ntc+|+o||+s||o|sc|m|tcum+
cont|nu|d+dct|+nu||+d+|oduiodc+osv|+||^scm+ncccss|d+dcdcsc|mo|t+|suc+t++|+t+|
|st++ssc|t|v+scdcvc||nc|+|mcntc+o+umcntod+|oduiodc+oucc||+m+|o||ndust||+||z+io
do+|scomo+conscucntcgc|+iodcsuc+t+|stccumdosontosc||t|cosno|occssodc|+b||c+io
dc+osv|+||^no||+s||
Tendncias e inovaes em aos. Nota tcnica de consultor. Braslia, DF, Ago/2008. 44p.
Ivani de S. BottCc|c+dc;o/dos+osut|||z+doscnt|cos,,ood||c|cntcst|os|o|+mdcscnvo|v|dos
nosu|t|mos.o+nosOdcscnvo|v|mcntod+const|uioc|v||dcm+nd+mc||o|cs|o||cd+dcsmccn|c+s
so|d+b|||d+dc|cduiodccso+c+b+mcntoc|ntcg|+io+mb|cnt+||o||+s||+cs+|dc+|nd+sc|dom|-
n+ntc+cd|||c+iocomcst|utu|+sdcconc|cto+|m+donot+-scum+ccntu+doc|csc|mcntodousod+s
cd|||c+ocsdc+o^cs+|docx|css|voc|csc|mcntod+scst|utu|+smct+||c+snomc|c+dob|+s||c||osu+
+|t|c|+ioc+|nd+cucn+
Siderurgia: sustentabilidade tema estratgico para setor de produo de ao. Artigo pub-
licitrio. Braslia, DF, Mai/2009. 3p.
Juliana Marinho|mmc|o+m+|sg|+vcc||sc(+dc.oos)uc+|ctou+s|dc|u|g|+mund|+|oscto|no||+s||
c|+bo|ouumcstudoucv|s++ont+|d||ct||zcs+|+no|tc+|scus|umosn+s|ox|m+sdcc+d+sO|o||-
zontccdc|ongo|+zo.o.,^|oost+cnvo|vcdcsdc|o|m+iodc|ccu|sos|um+nos+nov+stccno-
|og|+sn+c+dc|+|odut|v+usodcnov+s|ontcsdccnc|g|+nos|occssoscomo+b|om+ss+c+tccomo
+|+v+nc+|oconsumodc+ono+|sO||+s||comoscs+bctcm+|nd+umdosm+|sb+|xos|nd|ccsc|
c+|t+dcconsumodomundo-ouco+c|m+dc+oou||os
110
LISTA DE FIGURAS E GRFICOS
Figura 1.1: |s|n+s|ntcg|+d+s+couc 1s
Figura 1.2: |s|n+sscm|-|ntcg|+d+s 1s
Figura 1.3: ||oduto|cs|ndccndcntcsdc|c||o-gus+ 19
Figura 1.4: ^m|nc|+iodc|c||oc+s|dc|u|g|+ .1
Figura 1.5: ||nc||odc|c||o-s|tu+io+tu+|cd||ct||zcs .4
Figura 1.6: C+|vio||nc|+|-s|tu+io+tu+|cd||ct||zcs .9
Figura .: C+|vioVcgct+|-s|tu+io+tu+|cd||ct||zcs !!
Figura 2.1: |c|ot|z+ioc|ntc||z+io-s|tu+io+tu+|cd||ct||zcs !9
Figura 2.2: ^|to-|o|no+couc-s|tu+io+tu+|cd||ct||zcs 41
Figura 2.3: ^|to-|o|no+C+|vioVcgct+|-s|tu+io+tu+|cd||ct||zcs 44
Figura 2.4: |+tu||d+dctccno|og|c+dos|occssosdc|oduiodc|c||o||m+||o 4
Figura 2.5: |cduiod||ct+c|occssoscmc|gcntcsdc|cduio-s|tu+io+tu+|cd||ct||zcs 4s
Figura 3.1: ^c|+||+||-s|tu+io+tu+|cd||ct||zcs
Figura 3.2: ^c|+||+c|ct||c+-s|tu+io+tu+|cd||ct||zcs s
Figura 4.1: ||occssosdc||ngot+mcntoc|+m|n+io-s|tu+io+tu+|cd||ct||zcs 4
Figura 4.2: ^os||+nosc|ongos-s|tu+io+tu+|cd||ct||zcs s
Figura 5.1: Ccstio+mb|cnt+|-s|tu+io+tu+|cd||ct||zcs .
Figura 5.2: |m|ssocsdcCO
.
cm|ot+stccno|og|c+ss|dc|u|g|c+ssc|cc|on+d+s
(|g;tonc|+d+dc+o) 4
Figura 5.3: Ccstiodccm|ssio+tmos|c||c+-s|tu+io+tu+|cd||ct||zcs
Figura 5.4: Consumocscc|codccnc|g|+d+s|ot+stccno|og|c+ss|dc|u|g|c+s(C|;tonc|+d+)
Figura 5.5: Consumodccnc|g|+-s|tu+io+tu+|cd||ct||zcs s
Grco 3.1: |+|t|c|+iod+sus|n+s|ntcg|+d+scscm|-|ntcg|+d+sn+|oduios|dc|u|g|c+
mund|+|.000-.0!0(c|ccntu+|) .
111
LISTA DE QUADROS
Quadro 6.1: |||ct||zcsc|ccomcnd+ocs+|+m|nc||odc|c||o s4
Quadro 6.2: |||ct||zcsc|ccomcnd+ocs+|+c+|viom|nc|+|ccouc||+ s
Quadro 6.3: |||ct||zcsc|ccomcnd+ocs+|+c+|viovcgct+| s
Quadro 6.4: |||ct||zcsc|ccomcnd+ocs+|+c|ot|z+iocs|ntc||z+io s9
Quadro 6.5: |||ct||zcsc|ccomcnd+ocs+|++|to-|o|no+couc 90
Quadro 6.6: |||ct||zcsc|ccomcnd+ocs+|++|to-|o|no+c+|viovcgct+| 9.
Quadro 6.7: |||ct||zcsc|ccomcnd+ocs+|+|cduiod||ct+c|occssos
cmc|gcntcsdc|cduio 94
Quadro 6.8: |||ct||zcsc|ccomcnd+ocs+|++c|+||+|| 9
Quadro 6.9: |||ct||zcsc|ccomcnd+ocs+|++c|+||+c|ct||c+ 9
Quadro 6.10: |||ct||zcsc|ccomcnd+ocs+|+|oduiod||ct+dc+o 9
Quadro 6.11: |||ct||zcsc|ccomcnd+ocs+|+|occssosdc||ngot+mcntoc|+m|n+io 9
Quadro 6.12: |||ct||zcsc|ccomcnd+ocs+|+|odutos 9s
Quadro 6.13: |||ct||zcsc|ccomcnd+ocs+|+gcstio+mb|cnt+| 99
Quadro 6.14: |||ct||zcsc|ccomcnd+ocs+|+gcstiodccm|ssocs+tmos|c||c+s 100
Quadro 6.15: |||ct||zcsc|ccomcnd+ocs+|+consumodccnc|g|+ 101
Quadro 6.16: |||ct||zcsc|ccomcnd+ocs+|+gcstiodc|cs|duos|cc|c|+gcmc
|ccu|sos||d||cos 10.
112
ABDI ^gcnc|+||+s||c||+dc|cscnvo|v|mcnto
|ndust||+|
^|| ^ssoc|+io||+s||c||+dc|ct+|u|g|+|+tc||+|sc
||nc|+io
AFP ^os||nos|||+t|n|
AHSS ^dv+nccd||g|-t|cngt|tcc|
AISI-DS^mc||c+n||on+ndtcc||nst|tutc|||cct
tcc|m+||ng
BNDES |+nco|+c|on+|dc|cscnvo|v|mcnto|cono-
m|cococ|+|
BOF |+s|cOxygcn|u|n+cc
CCS CO
.
C+tu|c+ndto|+gc
CGEE Ccnt|odcCcstioc|studos|st|+tcg|cos
CONTRANConsc||o|+c|on+|dc|ns|to
CPRM c|v|oCco|og|co||+s||c||o
CSN Com+n||+|dc|u|g|c+|+c|on+|
CSP Com+ctt||||oduct|on
CVP CoucVc|dcdc|ct|o|co
DP |u+|||+sc
DRI |||cct|cduccd||on
EAF ||cct||c^|c|u|n+cc
EOF |nc|gyOt|m|zcd|u|n+cc
EPSS |studo||oscct|vodocto||dc|u|g|co
.o+o-.o.,
Finep ||n+nc|+do|+dc|studosc||o,ctos
GEE C+scsdo||c|to|stu|+
C| C|g+,ou|c
GLP C+s||uc|c|todc|ct|o|co
HBI |ot|||ucttcd||on
HIC |yd|ogcn|nduccdC|+c||ng
Hi-QIP ||g|-u+||ty||on|cbb|c
HSLA ||g|t|cngt||ow^||oytcc|
HSS ||g|t|cngt|tcc|
HTS ||g|cns||ctcc|
HY ||g||c|d
|^|| |nst|tuto^o||+s||
|||^| |nst|tuto||+s||c||odc||nc|+io
ISP |n||nct||||oduct|on
IRSID |nst|tutdc|cc|c|c|csdc|+|dc|u|g|c
||+nc+|sc
LD ||nz|on+w|tz
MCT ||n|stc||od+C|cnc|+cccno|og|+
MDIC ||n|stc||odo|cscnvo|v|mcnto|ndust||+c
Comc|c|o|xtc||o|
MME ||n|stc||odc||n+sc|nc|g|+
MDL |cc+n|smodc|cscnvo|v|mcnto||mo
NNSC |c+|-|ct-|+cC+st|ng
ONG O|g+n|z+io|io-Covc|n+mcnt+|
PCI |u|vc||zcdCo+||n,cct|on
PVD ||+scV+o||cos|t|on
|| |cduio|||ct+
||| |ot+|y|c+|t||u|n+cc
ROM |uno|||nc
SCBF uc|Com+ct||+st|u|n+cc
UHSS ||t|+-||g|-t|cngt|tcc|
ULCOS||t|+|owCO
.
tcc|m+||ng
LISTA DE SIGLAS
A Srie Documentos Tcnicos tem o objetivo de divulgar resultados de estudos e anlises
realizados pelo Centro de Gesto e Estudos Estratgicos (CGEE) com a participao de
especialistas e instituies vinculadas aos temas a que se refere o trabalho.
Textos com indicao de autoria podem conter opinies que no reetem necessariamente
o ponto de vista do CGEE.
Documentos Tcnicos disponveis:
01 - 10 Avaliao do programa de apoio implantao e modernizao de centros vocacionais
tecnolgicos (CVT)
02 - 10 Energia solar fotovoltaica no Brasil
03 - 10 Modelos institucionais das organizaes de pesquisa
04 - 10 Rede de inovao tecnolgica para o setor madereiro da Amaznia Legal
05 - 10 Quadro de atores selecionados no Sistema Nacional de Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao:
Universidades brasileiras
06 - 10 Quadro de atores selecionados no Sistema Nacional de Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao:
Instituies de Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
07 - 10 Hidrognio energtico no Brasil: Subsdios para polticas de competitividade: 2010-2025
08 - 10 Biocombustveis aeronuticos: Progressos e desaos
09 - 10 Siderurgia no Brasil 2010-2025
SRIE DOCUMENTOS TCNICOS
NOVEMBRO 2010 - N 09
Siderurgia no Brasil
2010-2025
Ministrio da
Cincia e Tecnologia