Point Features

Spatially distributed entities, activities or events

Points have a single geographic coordinate such as:
Tree Traffic accident Lamp post

Line Features
Spatially distributed entities, activities or events Lines (Arcs) are a series of geographic coordinates joined to form a line such as:
Road Stream Railway

Area Features
Spatially distributed entities, activities or events

Areas (Polygons) are a series of geographic coordinates joined together to form a boundary such as:
Lake Soil types

DATA
SPATIAL DATA ATTRIBUTE DATA

Raster
SPATIAL DATA Vector

DATA MODEL AND STRUCTURE

RASTER MODEL

VECTOR MODEL

Attribute Data
Attributes can be numeric data that is assigned to a point, line or area spatial features Example Attributes Stand ID, Compartment no, Vegetation type, Name of the Forest Block, Type of Name of Village etc.,

Attributes
Description or characteristic of a feature
Possible attributes for the feature Tree
Height Diameter Species Condition Age

Attribute Values
The value given to an attribute Possible values for the attributes of a Tree feature
Height Diameter Species Condition Age = 15m = 0.75m = Oak = Good = 8 years

Types of Attribute Values

There are a number of different types of attribute values
Feature Character Pole Numeric Pole Attribute Pole ID Height Attribute Values ABC123 15m

Menu

Pole

Condition

Good Average Poor

User generated Auto generated User generated Auto generated

Date Time

Pole Pole

Date Time

Data Capture Sources

Digitizing from paper maps Scanning Traditional surveying techniques Paper records & field notes Photogrammetry Remote sensing GPS

GIS Data Storage

There are two main types of data in a GIS database
Cartographic - observations on spatially distributed features, activities, or events, which are definable as:
Points Lines (Arcs) Areas (Polygons)

GIS Data Storage

Non-Cartographic - descriptive information in a database about the cartographic features located on a map.
Attributes Attribute Values