Acute Inf|ammat|on

ln[urlous sLlmull eg lnfecLlon

and ln[ury acLlvaLe
lnflammaLlon resulLlng ln cell
damage and posslbly cell
deaLh
8elease of chemlcal medlaLors such as hlsLamlne from
degranulaLed masL cells bradyklnln prosLaglandlns seroLonln by
ln[ured/dylng cells and plaLeleLs or red blood cells
8rlef
vasoconsLrlcLlon
neural 8esponse
rolonged
vasodllaLlon
lncreases blood flow
Lo ln[ured area
(hyperemla) blood
slowlng and
engorgemenL
8edness
PeaL
lncreased PydrosLaLlc
pressure and fllLraLlon
pressure also LransudaLe
(waLery fluld)
LndoLhellal cells change Lo
become more adheslve
CuLward movemenL of fluld
LransudaLe exudaLe forced
lnLo Lhe exLravascular space
lncreaslng vlscoslLy of Lhe
blood
More concenLraLed blood ln vessel
allows cellular response
Ldema or swelllng
lncreases caplllary
permeablllLy
ChemoLaxls ChemoLacLlc facLors are
released aLLracLlng cells along Lhe
chemlcal gradlenL Lowards Lhe
lnflammaLlon area ln acuLe
neuLrophll and eoslnophll
chemoLacLlc facLors
hagocyLosls phagocyLlc cells
parLlcularly neuLrophlls recognlze and
aLLach Lo Lhe bacLerla engulflng lL
and Lhen klll Lhe forelgn body WlLhln
24 hours monocyLes aka
macrophages when ln Lhe Llssue
WhlLe blood cells have marglnaLed Lo Lhe
vessel marglns becomlng Lrapped ln Lhe
adheslve endoLhellal cells Cells Lhen reLracL
formlng gaps beLween Lhemselves allowlng
fluld plasma proLelns red blood cells Lo leak
ouL of Lhe vessel (exudaLe)
ln[ury perslsLs
lnflammaLory lnfllLraLlon
cell acLlvlLy ls ongolng
uense lnfllLraLlon of lymphocyLes and
macrophages resulLlng ln release of lysosomal
enzymes 1hls causes collaLeral damage Lo
surroundlng healLhy Llssue
macrophages and oLher W8Cs
release varlous cyLoklnes as parL
of Lhe acLlvaLed lnflammaLory
response 1hese cyLoklnes
lnduce surroundlng cells Lo
release desLrucLlve enzymes
(proLeases) and Lhese enzymes
can dlgesL surroundlng sLroma
and Lherefore desLroy Llssue as
cells need Lhelr supporLlve
membranes on whlch Lo llve
1he desLrucLlon of Llssue
causes furLher release of
chemlcal medlaLors of
lnflammaLlon lnflammaLory
lnfllLraLe ls seen and furLher
Llssue damage ls enhanced As
a response Lo Lhls Llssue
damage Lhere ls an aLLempL
Lo heal Macrophages release
growLh facLors whlch
sLlmulaLe lnfllLraLlon of
flbroblasLs lnLo Lhe area as
well as prompLlng new blood
vessels Lo lnvade lnLo