1

: .
: .
:
.
: .

.
: .
. , ..
: .
.. , , ...
:

:
().
. , .

:
.
. . , .

:
.
:
=1+2+..............+
f :
.

fi = i

F :
f
F=f1+f2+..............+f

fi % = i 100%

% f% :

% F% :
F=f1%+f2%+..............+f%

. x , 0 .
:

n
X
i
x < i <1
n

n
X ni
i
x < i <1

n

n
X ki
i
x < i <1
n

i .

:
:
,
( )
,
( )
:
Fi% .
0:
:
.
,
.
:
.

:
.

. R , s2
( ) s.
R:
=( )-( )
s2:
:
n

s2 =

(c , c )
i

i <1

n (c , c )

i <1

s2 =

:
k

s2 =

n (c , k )
i <1

s:

i .

s < s2

CV

:

CV <
:
| c |.

s
x

CV % <

s
10 0 %
x

CV<0,1 CV<10%
E CVA<CVB
( ).
:

1. 10 ,
. :
15, 11, 10, 10, 14, 16, 19, 18, 13, 17.
:
) .
) .
) .
)
i) ;
ii) ;
) .
2.
, 15 :
23, 25, 25, 26, 27, 30, 28, 28, 29, 24, 26, 26, 23, 27, 30.
:
) x ( x ).
) x.
3.
, , ,
, . :
) .
) , .
4. ,
30 .
2, 5, 6, 1, 2, 5, 4, 3, 2, 5, 1, 3, 5, 4, 1, 3, 2, 6,5, 4, 1, 2, 6, 2, 4, 3, 1, 6, 4, 5.
:
) .
) .
5. 16 :
31, 27, 28, 30, 29, 31, 31, 27, 29, 29, 28, 28, 30, 29, 27, 29.
) :

i) .
ii) .
) :
i) .
ii) .
) .
6. ( Km) 26
, :
5, ,10, 8, 8, 13, 10, 4, 2, 0, 16, 5, 15, 9, 6, 4, 7, 5, 4, 6, 7, 7, 5, 8, 10, 3, 9.
) :
i) .
ii) .
) 10 Km;
7. , 130
0

. 2003, "", 180

. 13% "".
"", "".
, .
8. :
2,1,0,6,7,8,9,0,0,0,5,6,7,4,5,3,2,7,2,1,0,1,2,2,0
) , ,
.
) : ) 4 ;
)3 6 ;
) 2 ;
) : ) ;
) 5 ;
) 2 ;
9. 30
:
4 5 3 4 3 5 6 4 5 5 5 5 3 4 4
5 4 5 4 4 6 4 3 5 3 4 4 6 3 4
) .

) : ) 4 ;
) 5 ;
) 3 ;
) :

) 4 ;
)4 6 ;

10.
. 40
:
5 3 1 0 2 2 4 1 0 3 3 2 4 5 1 1 0 2 2 3
2 4 4 1 0 0 1 0 2 2 5 3 3 2 5 1 1 2 3 4
) ,
,
) 3 ;
) ;

11.)

fi%
10
7
11
14
12
46
13
50

) :

Fi%

) 12;
) 10;
12. CD
15,20,30 40 .
:
()

15
20
30
40

200

f%

Ni

Fi%

30
30
1000

) .
) ;
CD .
) ;
13. 5.
3, 4, 5, 6, 11. ,
.

14.
50 .
) : ) 1
, ) 3 , ) 3 5 , ) 6 ,
) .
). ,
;
). ,
;
).

A
(x1)

(I)

0
1
2
3
4
5
6

5
10
8
5
4
3
50

15. 16 :
31,27,28,30,29,31,21,27,29,29,28,28,30,29,27,29.
. ,
: " ".
. 10%,
, .
16. :

[-)
0,4
4,8
8,12
12,16
16,20

I
3
4
6
6
1
20

17. 8 ( cm):
172,175,183,177,190,193,189,195.
) :
i) .
ii) .
iii) (R) .
) , , :
i) .
ii) .
iii) (R)
1: 172 cm.
2: 197 cm.
3: 195 cm
198 cm.

18. 100
200 . 1 0,
. :
[ - )
60,80
80,100
100,120
120,140
140,160
160,180

5
20
26
30
15
4
100

) .
) .
19. 10 :
13,9,6,10,15,12,11,0,18,14.
. .
. ;
. 2
;
. ;
20. 15 8
7 . ( ) 8
: 300,325,330,305,315,310,320,315
:
310,250,290,340,270,330,310
)
.
)
.
)
.
) ;

10

21. :
xi
ni

[0-2)
[2-4)
[4-6)
[6-8)
[8-10)

fi %

Ni

Fi %

10
11
5

57,5
8
40

22. , 4
, :
Ni

n i
fi %
Fi %

340

62

544
16

100

fi%.
23. 600 .
. 30 ,
;
. 8%,
;
24. :

xi
2
3
4
5
6

ni

fi

Ni

0,15

Fi

fi %

Fi %

0,45
20

11

25.

, 1 .
ni

fi %
Fi %
[6-8)
[8-10)
[10-12)
[12-14)
[14-16)
[16-18)
[18-20)

2
4
18,75
5
3
3
32

26. 11 .. :
12,12,9,15,12,16,17,7,19,18,17.
:
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
27. 10 :
11,3,7,5,16,14,11,10,11,12.
: , , , .
28. :

1
3
5
4

24

fi%

Fi%

30

20

50

) .
:

12

) .
) .
) 4

x =5,48

29.
.

[-)
16-20
20-24
24-28
28-32
32-36
36-40
40-44

fi

Fi%
5

40

0,2
35
55

20
95

.
30. +3,-2, 3, , 2 4.
) =4.
) .

13

: f: (, ) ( , ) ,
l 0 , f(x)
l 0.:
lim f (x )= l

0 ,
:
lim f ( x ) = l

lim f ( x ) < lim , f ( x ) < l

x x0

x x0

0 ( )
.
:

x x0

x x0

0 0 ,
.

lim f ( x ) < l lim g ( x ) < k :
x x0

x x0

lim f ( x ) g ( x ) < l k

x x0

lim f ( x ) g ( x ) < l k

x x0

lim
x x

lim

x 0

f (x ) <

l f(x) 0 0

f (x )
l
<
lim g ( x ) < k 0
x 0
g (x )
k

l im [f ( x ) ] < l

x 0

lim | f ( x ) |<| l |

x 0

14

l i m f ( x ) , 0
x 0

:
c , lim f ( x ) =c.
x 0

0
( ),:
lim f ( x ) <
x
0
0

) f ,
-0.

0
0

0.
) f ,

(+)(-)=2-2
. f
.
f 0, ,

lim f ( x ) ,
x x
0

lim f (x )
x x ,
0
.
.
.
1. :

lim

x 1

2 , 1
( , 1)( +1)
< lim
< lim + 1 = 1+ 1 = 2
x 1
x 1
-1
-1

2 , 1
( , 1)(+1)( 1)
( , 1)(+1)( 1)
( , 1)(+1)( 1)
< lim
< lim
< lim
2
x 1
x 1
x 1
-1 x 1 ( -1)( 1)
-1
-12

lim

= lim(+1)(
x 1

1) < 2 2 < 4

x
2. f ( x ) <

lim, f ( x ) = li m,

x 3

x 3

, 5x 6
x ,3
x ,2
2

p 3 lim f(x)
x 3
3

, 5x 6
(x , 3 )(x , 2 )
< li m,
< lim, x , 2 < 1
x

x 3
3
,
3
x
x , 3

lim f (x )= lim, x , 2 < 1

x 3

x 3

15

lim f (x ) = lim f (x ) =1 lim f (x )= 1 .

,

x 3

x 3

x 3

,
. ,
.
.

x 2 a 2,
a 0 .

f (x )=

f 0

3 - ,
lim f (x ) .
x 0

lim , f (x )= lim , x

x 0

x 0

x 0

x 0

a 2 < a 2

li m f ( x ) = l im , 3 x , a < , a

lim f (x ) lim f (x )= lim f (x )

,
x 0

x 0

+2=- 2=-2 =-1.

x0

f 0 ,:

lim f (x )
x x
0

lim f (x ) =f(x0).
x x
0

f (,)
(,).

f [,] :

(,)

lim f ( x ) < f ( a ) lim f ( x ) < f () .

x ,
x a

16

1. :

2
2
x -3x+2
x -1
lim
)
)
, x 1)
lim
x2 x+4
x0 x2 +1
|x-2|+ x
x3 ,8x 1
) lim
) lim
x+1
x3 x2 +x
x1

) lim ( x
x 1

100
) lim (x-1)
x2

2. :

2
x -x

3
x -1

) lim
) lim
x0 x-1
x0 x+4
) lim (lnx+1)
xe

) lim (x+1)
x0

x+2

2 x-1
) lim (x +1)
x0

) lim (lnx-1)
x1

3. :

x2 -1
x 4 +3x
) lim
) lim
x0 x5 +x
x1 x-1
x4 -x
) lim
x1 x2 -1

x2 -4x+4
x2 +3x+2
) lim
) lim
x2 x2 -3x+2
x,1 x2 -1

4. :
x2 -2000x+1999
x2 -4
) lim
) lim
x1 x2 -2004x+2005
x2 x2 -6x+8
25-x2
) lim
x5 x2 -6x+5

x3 -3x2
) lim
x3 x2 -8x+15

x2 -4
lim
x,2 x+2

5. :
) lim
x1

2x2 3x ,5
x2 +3x-4
) lim
x-1
x1 x2 -1

x2 +x-2
) lim
x1 x2 -1

) lim
x3

x2 +2x-15
x2 -9

x2 +2x-3
) lim
x1 x2 -6x+5

6. :
x2 +5x-14
) lim
x2 x2 +4x-12
x 4 -1
) lim
x1 x3 -1

4x2 -2x-2
) lim
x2 3x2 +2x-5

lim
x,1

x2 +2x+1
x3 +1

x2 -2x+1
) lim
x1 x3 -x

17

7. :
) lim
x 2

x2 - 4
x-2

x2 - 9
) lim 2
x -3 x + 3 x

1- x
2
x 1 2 x - 7 x + 5

x2 + 4x - 5
) lim
x 1
x2 -1

x2 - 4x + 3
) lim 2
x 3 x - 7 x + 12

x3 + x 2 - 2 x
x -2
x 4 - 16

) lim

) lim

8. :
) lim
x 2

x3 - 8
x2 - 4

x4 - 1
x -1 x 3 + x 2

) lim

x 3 - 6 x 2 + 11x - 6
) lim
x 2
x2 - 6x + 8

) lim
x 1

x4 + 2 x2 - 3
x3 - 1

x3 - 7 x - 6
x -2
x 4 - 16

) lim

x 3 - 3x 2 + 4
) lim 4
x 2 x - 8 x 2 + 16

9. :
) lim 1 - 3 4 2
x 2
x - 2 x - 2x

) lim 2 2 + 1
x1 1 - x
x -1

) lim
x 3

1
2

- 2

x - 3 x - 4x + 3

x
) lim 2 1
- 3

x 1
x
+
x
2
x
-1

10. :
) lim
x 1

lim
x2

3- x
2- x

) lim
x 3

x -3
x-2 - 4- x

x2 + 1 - 5
x-2

) lim

4- 9+ x
x 7 1 - 8 - x

) lim

x 1

x -1
x2 + 3 - 2

) lim
x 1

x2 - x
x -1

11. :

) lim
x0

x+4 -2
x

x -1
2
x 1 2 x + x - 3

) lim

x +1 - 1- x
x

) lim

( x 2 - 4)( x + 2 - 2)
x2
x2 - 4 x + 4

) lim

) lim
x0

) lim

x2

x2 - 4
x + 2 - 3x - 2

( x 2 - 5 x)( x + 4 - 3)
x 5
x 3 - 10 x 2 + 25 x

18

12. :

3- x+5
x4 1 - 5 - x

) lim

) lim

x 1

x+3 - 5- x
x2 -1

) lim
x2

x-2
x + 2 - 8x

x2 + 1 -1 - 2x
x

) lim
x0

13. :
x+4-2

) lim
x 0

x-1-2

) lim
x 5

x-5

x+1-2

) lim
x 3

x-3

3x-2-2

) lim
x 2

x-2

1- x-2

) lim
x 3

x-3

14. :
) lim
x 2

x - 3 - x -1
x2 - 2x

) lim

) lim

x3 - 9 x

x -3

x2 - 3 - x -1

) lim

x 2 - x - 2 - 3x - 1

x -3

| x 2 - 3 x - 8 | -10

x + 3 -1

x -2

x2 - 4 - x +1 - 3

15. :

x - 2 + x2 - 4
) lim
x2
| x - 5 | -3

x - 3 + 2x - 6
) lim
x 3
x2 - 9

lim

x2 - 4 - | x2 - 5x + 6 |

x -2

) lim

) lim

| x 2 + 3x | + x

x 3

x2 - 3x + x 2 - 6 x + 9
| x2 - 9 |

x2 + x - 2 + x3 + 5 x + 8x + 4
| x2 + 2x |

x -2

16.
:
) f(x)=

x-1 >0
2x+1 <0

x+2 1

) f(x)=
2

- +4 f 1

x+3 ,2

) f(x)=
2

+5 -2<<0

) f(x)=

5x+1 0
2-3 f 0

19

17.
:

f(x)=

>1

-9

-5
2
+2

42 -1

f(x)=
2-1

1
2

) f(x)= 2

=0

--6

>3

-9

) f(x)=

-3

0<<3

-9

3- <0

18. f(x)=
2
.

++2 >

lim f ( x ) .
x 0

a3 -x+a-1 2

19. f(x)=

(a+1)x-1

<2

lim f(x) .
x2

8 +a +15 >0

20. f(x)=

.
1-5x
0

lim f(x) .
x0

21.

lim f(x) .
x2

22.

+1

+1
f(x)=
+5

2-1

1< 2

>2

2 -+3

f(x)= 2 -4+3

-1

..

>1

) : lim f(x) , lim f(x) .

x1,
x1

20

lim f(x) .
x1

3- 0

23. f(x)=
2
.

++2

>0

) :

lim f(x) ,
lim f(x) .
x0,
x0

) lim f(x) .
x0

2-2

24. f(x)=
2
.

, 1 >

lim f(x) .
x

2 ++3 <1

25. f(x)=

,
4

) : lim f(x) , lim f(x) .

x1
x1,

) lim f(x) .
x1

26.

1
2 ++

f(x)= 3+1
1<2 . ,

-+-2 2

lim f(x) lim f(x) .

x1
x2
27.

lim f(x)=2 lim g(x)=1 :

x3
x3
3f(x)
f(x)
2
) lim [2f(x)+3g(x)] ) lim
) lim
) lim [x f(x)]
g(x)+1
g(x)-x
x
3
x
3

x3
x3

lim f(x)+2g(x)
x3

30.

g2 (x)
lim
x3 f2 (x)-x

f : R R lim[ xf ( x) + x 2 - 8] = 6 .
x2

21

f 2 ( x) - 5 f ( x)
) lim
.
x 2
f ( x) - 1 - 2

) lim f ( x)
x 2

31.

f , g : R R :

lim[2 f ( x ) - 3 g ( x)] = 7
x 3

lim[ f ( x) + 4 g ( x )] = -2 .
x 3

lim g ( x )

: lim f ( x)
x 3

32.

x 3

f , g : R R :
lim
x2

f ( x)
= 16
x - 2x
2

lim[ g ( x)( x 4 - 16)] = 2 .

x2

, lim[ f ( x ) g ( x)] .
x 2

33.

f , g : R R :
lim
x0

f ( x) - 1
g ( x) - 2
= 3 lim
= -1
x 0
x
x

:
) lim f ( x)
x 0

34.

) lim g ( x )

f , g : R R :

lim[ f ( x)( x 2 + 7 - 4)] =6

x 3

x 0

, lim
x 3

lim[ g ( x)(2 - x + 1)] = -2 .

x 3

f ( x)
.
g ( x)

x 2 - 1 -3 x p 1

x + 3 -1
=
35. f ( x)
2
x +a x + b 1p x p 2
x 2 - 3 x + 2

22

, R. , R lim f ( x) .
x 1

-3 x p -2

x2 + 6 x + 8

x + 3 -1

3
x + a x 2 - 4 x + b -2 p x p 2
f ( x) =
x2 - 4

3x 2 - 8
4
xf2
2
x - 3x + 2 x - 2

36.

lim f ( x ) .
x -2

)
) , lim f ( x) .
x 2

37.

x2 -1

x p -1
x + 1
f ( x ) = k x + m -1 x 1
c 2 + 2c + 5 x f 1

, R, lim f ( x ) lim f ( x) .
x -1

x 1

38. f 0,:
2+ x 0x1

) f(x)=
0=1
x+3
x>1

) f(x)= 1-x

x1
0=1 .
x>1

x -1 x-1

) f(x)= x+1
0=-1

1
x=-1

39. ,
:

2x+1 x2
) f(x)=

x-1 x>2

2x x2

) f(x)=
2-x x>2

x+1

x<-1

) f(x)= x-1

2x+3
x

-1

23

x
2
) f(x)=

x>
2

40. ,
:

3-1 <0

) f(x)= 0
=0

2+5 >0

+1
<-1

) f(x)= 2 -11

3-1
>1

3+4 -1

) f(x)= 2 -1<2 .

-+5
>2

-
<0

) f(x)= -0<2

41. :
2

2 -3 1

-2-8 4
-1 <3

) f(x)= -1
) f(x)= -4
) f(x)=

5- 3
>1

6
=4
-1

<0
3||+1

) f(x)= ||-2 0<1 .

2 -3 1

2
5-2
42. f(x)= -2

x2
.

x=2

a) lim f ( x ) .
x 2
) 0=2

24

43.
.
x+1
x1

) f(x)=
3-x2 x>1

x -1

x1
) f(x)= x3 -1

a-2 x=1

5x-3
) f(x)=
2

9-x

x1

x>1

x+4
x1

) f(x)=
2x-8ax2 +20 x>1

44.
.

x2 -3x+2

) f(x)= x-1

2a+1

) f(x)=

x1

x=1

ax 2 ,a 2x 7

2x+3

2
x -4
) f(x)= x3 -8

a-5

x2

x=2

x>1
x 1

x2 +ax-5

) f(x)= x+1
2
3x +1

x 1

x>1

ax +x+1 <

45. f(x)= 2a-

=0 . ,

>0

f() .

2 2

a x +x-12 <1

46. f(x)=
5
=1 .

+
>1

:
)

lim f (x ) ,
lim f ( x ) f(1).
x 1,
x 1

) , f 0=1.

25

ax2 +x

47. f(x)= -2

2
-4+3
-1

<1

=1 .

>1

lim f (x ) ,
lim f ( x ) f(1).
x 1,
x 1

) , f 0=1.

48.
.

3x

e -2 x<0

ln(2x+1) x0

) f()=

x -1

2
x-x

1
) f(x)=
2

x-1
e
-2

+1

2e ax +

49. f(x)= 2

ln(x+e)

0<<1

=1

>1

<0

=0 .

>0

) , f .
) )

lim
x e

lim
x ,1

f(x)
x

f(x)
.
2x

26

: f 0
: lim
h 0

f(x +h)-f(x )
0
0
h

.
f(x0)
f 0.
f(x0) = lim
h 0

f(x +h)-f(x )
0
0
h

f(x)=x2 f(2).

f '(2) < lim

h 0
< lim
h 0

2
h +4h

f(2+h)-f(2)
h
< lim
h 0

< lim
h 0

h(h+4)
h

2 2
(2+h) -2

< lim
h 0

2
h +4h+4-4

< lim h+4=4 .

h 0

f '(x ) < lim

0
x x
0

f(x)-f(x )
0
x-x
0

f(x0). h=-0.
: 0 ,
f(x0) ,
.
lim
,
h0

f (x0 + h )-f (x0 )

< li m
h0
h

f ( x 0 + h ) - f ( x 0 ) =l f(x0)=l
h

27

f 0( ),
.
:

f 0
.

0
.

E 0:

0,

lim f (x ) < lim f ( x ) < f ( x ) .

0
x x ,
x x
0
0

0,

lim f (x ) < lim f ( x ) < f ( x ) .

0
x x ,
x x
0
0

, ,
0
lim f ( x 0 + h ) - f ( x 0 ) < li m f ( x 0 + h ) - f ( x 0 )
h 0,
h 0
h
h
, .


.

1.

2
x +x+a2
f(x)=
(a+1)x+a

x0
0=0
x>0

lim, f (x )= lim, x 2 x a 2 < a 2

x 0

x0

x 0

x0

li m f ( x ) = lim ( a 1) x a < a

2
f(0)=a .

lim f (x ) < lim f ( x ) < f ( x )

0
x x ,
x x
0
0

28

2
2
a =a a -a=0 a(a-1)=0 a=0 a=1 .

lim
h 0,

lim
h 0

x +x x0
=0 f(x) : f(x)=

x

x>0

f(0+h)-f(0)

h
f(0+h)-f(0)

<

lim
h 0,

2
h h

<

lim
h 0,

h(h 1)

<1

h
< lim
<1

h 0 h

=0 f f(0)=1.

lim
h 0,

.<

x +x+1 x0
=1 f(x) : f(x)=

2x+1

x>0

f(0+h)-f(0)

lim
h 0,

lim
h 0

h (h 1)

f(0+h)-f(0)

<

lim
h 0,

2
h h 1 ,1

< lim
h 0,

2
h h

< 1.

<

lim
h 0

2h 1 , 1

<

lim
h 0

2h

< 2.

=0 f .

x
x1
0=1.
ax+ x>1

2. , f(x)=

3
lim f(x)= lim x < 1
x 1,
x 1,

lim f(x)= lim +=+

x 1,
x 1,
3
f(1)=1 =1

f(x) 0=1 +=1

(1)
2
3
2
3
f(1+h)-f(1)
1 3h 3h h , 1
3h 3h h
< lim
<
lim
< lim
h 1,
h 1,
h
h
h
h 1,
lim
h 1,

h (h 3h 3)

< lim h
h 1,

3h 3 < 3 .

29

lim
h 1

f(1+h)-f(1)

< lim
h 1

a (1 h )+ , 1
h

< lim
h 1

a+ah+-1
h

(1) =1-
,
lim
h 1

a h +1- , 1
h

< lim
h 1

ah
h

<a.

=3 (1) =-2.

C ()

-1

x 0

1
2
x

x, x>0

2 x

1
2

1
2

ex

ex

lnx , x>0

x
ax , >0

lna

-
-1
-

= =

30

- :
(f g)'(x)=f'(x) g'(x)

(c f(x))'=c f'(x)

:
(f g)'(x)=f'(x) g(x)+f(x) g'(x)

f
'(x)= f'(x) g(x)-f(x) g'(x) ,
2
g
g (x)

g(x) 0

:
(f ( g (x ))' < f '( g (x )) g '( x )

f(g(x))

f(g(x))g(x)

[f(x)]

[f(x)]-1f(x)

1
f(x)

, f(x) 0

f ( x ) f(x)>0

1
f '( x )
2
f (x)
1
f '( x )
2 f (x )

f(x)

f(x)f(x)

f(x)

-f(x)f(x)

f(x)

1
f '( x )
2
f (x )

f(x)

1
f '(x )
2f(x)

ef(x)

ef(x)f(x)

lnf(x) f(x)>0

1
f '( x )
f(x)

af(x)

af(x) f(x) lna

31

1, 2 1<2 f(x1)<f(x2) .

1, 2 1<2 f(x1)>f(x2) .

f(x)>0 0 (,) f
(,).

f(x)<0 0 (,) f
(,).

f 0 (,)
(,) f ( x ) f ( x )
0

f 0 (,)
(,) f ( x ) f ( x )
0

f(x)<0 (,0) f(x)>0 (0,) f(x0)

f.

f(x)>0 (,0) f(x)<0 (0,) f(x0)

f.

f(x).( f(x)>0 f(x)<0

)

f(x)=0.

f
f(x)=0( : ,
)

,
.

: ( )
.

32

: ) f(x)=-x2+4x ii) f(x)=2x3+9x2-24x

) f Af < f(x)=-2x+4.
f '(x ) < 0 ,2x 4 < 0 ,2x < ,4 x < 2 .
f.
,

X
f
f

2
+

T.M
A :
f ( , ,2] [2, ).

f 0=2 f(2)=-22+4 2=4.

) f Af < f(x)=62+18-24.

f(x)=0 6x2+18x-24=0 6(x2+3x-4)=0 x2+3x-4=0

=32-4 1 (-4)=25 x
<
1,2

,3 25
21

<

,3 5
2

1=1 2=-4.

f.
,

f
f

-4
+

1
-

T.M

T.E

A :

f (,, ,4] [1, ) [4,1].

f 0=-4 f(-4)=112 0=1

f(1)=-13.

Fermat :
0 0,
f(x0)=0.
:

, f(x0)=0 0
.( 0 f(x0)=0
0.

f 0
f(x0)=0.

33

1. 0
, :
)f(x)=x2 0=1 )f(x)=x+2 0=0 ) f(x)=x2-4 0=1

) f(x)=x3

0=1.
2. f(x)=|x-2|
0=2.
3

x
x1
3. f(x)=

3x-2 x>1

0=1.

x2 x<2
4. f(x)=

2x-1 x>2

0=2.

2
x -x
5. f(x)=
2x-2

0=1.

x1

x>1

x+a

6. , R, f(x)=
0=1.

x1

x>1

7. f 0=7 f(7)=10
lim f ( x ) .
x 7
8. f 0

lim f ( x ) < 2a , 1 f(x0)=1, R.

x x
0

34

10. f 0
f (xo +h ),f (xo )
f ( xo +h ),f ( xo )
lim< 3a 2 lim
< 2a , 1 ,
h
h
h0+
h0
R.
11. ,
:
2

) f(x)=3x+2 ) f(x)=x -3x+2

x
) f(x)=5e 1

) f(x)=lnx-e

) f(x)=2x +x-1
x

) f(x)=2x +7x +2x-100

3

) f(x)=6lnx+x ) f(x)= x -x .

12. ,
:

) f(x)=2+3 ) f(x)=5 ) f(x)=2+ 5 ) f(x)= +2 +ln7

2
3 3
5
) f(x)=3 x ) f(x)= x2 ) f(x)=3x) f(x)=5x - 2
x
x

13. ,
:
1
1
2
x x
3
) f(x)=4 x
) f(x)=lnx-3 +e ) f(x)= x 5 ) f(x)=lnx +
3
3
x
x
x4
14. ,
:
3

2
) f(x)=x ) f(x)=e ln ) f(x)=e ln ) f(x)=(x +x) ln
2

) f(x)=(x-1)(-2) ) f(x)=x (2-1) ) f(x)=x

3 2 2
x ) f(x)=(x -x )(x +2)

15. ,
:

22 +1
3 2
x
x
) f(x)=(x -x )(5e , 2) ) f(x)=xlnx+e ) f(x)=x- ) f(x)=

) f(x)=

ex
ex

ex ln x
) f(x)=
) f(x)=
) f(x)=

x2

35

16. ,
:
) f(x)=

2x3 ,x 2
lnx

x
ex

) f(x)=

) f(x)=

x3
x2 -1

) f(x)=

x3ex
.
lnx

17. f(x) :
2

) f(x)=3x+2 ) f(x)=x -3x+2

) f(x)=2x +x-1

) f(x)=2x +7x +2x-100

) f(x)=x ) f(x)=e ln ) f(x)=e ln .

18. f(x) R :
2
f'(x)=15x +12x+7 f(0)=1

19. f(x)=ax(x+2)+, : (1+)f(x)=f(x).

20. f(x) ,
f(1)=0,f(1)=-1 f(x)=2.
21. :
2
2
5
) f(x)= ) f(x)=( +3-6) ) f(x)=(3+1) ) f(x)=(5+1)
2

f(x)=ln(5-4)

) f(x)=e

) f(x)=ln

3-4
32 -2
) f(x)=2
) f(x)=e

) f(x)=()
22. . :
lnx

) f(x)=ln()

) f(x)=e

) f(x)= 22 ,3

) f(x)= ) f(x)=e

) f(x)=(3 +5)

-2 +2

) f(x)=(3 +4)

) f(x)=(+1)ln(+1)

23. f(x)=e2x R , 2f(x)-f(x)=0.

24. f(x)=e

x2

, f f
2

: f(x)=(4x +2)f(x) .
25. h(x)=f(g(x)) ,g(5)=7, g(5)=-3 f(7)=-6, h(5).
26. A f(x)= g(x)=f(2x-4), : g(2)=2.

36

27.
:
) f(x)=x-5 ) f(x)=5x+3

2
2
) f(x)=x -2x + 3 ) f(x)=-3x +7x-11

2
3
3
2
3
2
) f(x)=2x +3x+2 ) f(x)=x -3x ) f(x)=-x +3x ) f(x)=2x -3x -12x

28.
:
1 3 2
3
2
4
3
2
) f(x)= x -x +x ) f(x)=x -5x +3x-e
) f(x)=3x -10x +6x +1
3
1 4 1 3 1 2
5 3
4
) f(x)= x - x + x -x+1
) f(x)=-x -x -5x
) f(x)=5x -20x
4
3
2
x
x
) f(x)=xe
) f(x)=e -x .
29.
:
) f(x)=lnx-x ) f(x)=xlnx
) f(x)=

lnx
x

) f(x)=

x
lnx

) f(x)=

x2 -10
x2 +10

) f(x)=

) f(x)=

x2 -3x
x-1

x
) f(x)= x
e

x2 -1
x2 +3

30.
:

3x2 -1
) f(x)=e
2
7
) f(x)=(x +2x)

) f(x)=x-e

-2x

) f(x)=ln(x-2)

2
) f(x)=ln(x +1)

31. f : R R : f(x)=x2-4x+4.
a) f.
) .
32. f : R R : f(x)=2x3+5x+3.
) f.
) f .

37

33. f(x)=

1 3 5 2
x - x +6x+1 .
3
2

) f .
) :

) .
) .
) .

34. f(x)=x2-6x+8, xR.

) f(x)=0.
) f.
) .
35. f(x)=ax2+8x+9, 0=2.
) f.
) =-2.
) .
36. f()=2-4-ln3 ,
0=1.
) .
) .
37. f(x)=ax3+x2+12x+1, , .
) f.
) f 1 =1 2 =2,
) , R.
) .
38. f(x)=x3-ax2+, R, 1=3
0.
) f.
) f(3) , f(3).
) =6 =9.
) .
39. , R f(x)=ax2-x+1
0=3 y=-8. .

38

40. 0=1,
2
) f(1), f(1).
) g(x)=lnx+xf(x), g 1.
41. f : R R 0=-1,
3.
) f(-1), f(-1).
) g(x)=2f(x), g -1.
42. . f : R R f(x)=-x2+8x-15, xR
(3,0) (5,

4
).
3

) f(x)=0.
) f .
) f ,
.
43. f f(x)=x2-5x+6.H
f (2,

31
) (3,5).
6

) f(x)=0.
) f .
) f ,
.
44. f(x)=ln(ax2+x) -1<<0
1
1
=- ln . ,.
2
4
ax
, x eR <0.
45. f(x)= 2
x 4

) f .
)
.
) f(2)=-1
) =-4.
) f.

39

46.
:
1 3
2
x +7x +30x+300 .
6
20 x 35 . :
P(x)=-

) .
) .
47. . :
()=3-602+1800+300 ( ), :
()=1260.
) f(x)=()-().
) f(0) ;
) ;
) =50;
48.
(t)=t3-6t2+9t, t .
) u(t) .
) ;
) 2 4sec;
) ;
49. :
=10cm, =cm =2 cm, >0.
) () V(x) .
) .
) =2.
50. 1600 m2 ,
.

40

: F , , :
F(x)=f(x) f .
f .
:
F f , G, :
G(x)=F(x)+c, c , f.

f
0
1
c
1
,x = 0
x
1
, x 0
x2

F
c
x+c
ax+c
lnx+c
,

1
+c

1
, x =0
x

2 x+c

ex

ex+c
+c
-+c
x
a
+c
lna
+c

1
, 0
2

1
, 0
2

-+c

(1) F f , F f.

(2) A F,G f,g , F G

f g.

41

f
g(x)
e
g'(x)

F
eg(x)+c

g'(x)
, g(x)>0
g(x)

lng(x) +c

g'(x)

2 g(x) +c

g(x)

, g(x)>0

g'(x)
g2 (x)

g (x)g'(x)

g(x)g(x)
g(x)g(x)
g'(x)
2
g()
g'(x)
2
g()

g(x)

g'(x)

1
+c
g(x)

g+1 (x)
+c
+1
-g(x) +c
g(x) +c
g(x) +c
-g(x) +c

ag(x)
+c
lna

O
:
F f [,](
).

f f(x)dx

: f(x)dx=[F(x)] =F()-F(a) .

:
.

42

(1) f(x)dx < 0

(2) f(x)dx < , f(x)dx

(3) f(x)dx < f(x)dx + f(x)dx

(4) f(x)dx= f(x)dx

(5) [f(x)+g(x)]dx= f(x)dx + g(x)dx

(6) a cdx=c(-)

(7) f(x) 0 [,], f(x)dx 0

(8) f(x)

g(x)

[,], f(x)dx g(x)dx

,
.

x3 x 1 1
2
1 2 x
0 1
+e ] =( +e)-(0+e )= +e-1=e0 (x +e )dx=[
0
3
3
3
3
3 e
3
3
3
e 1
2
1 ( +3x )dx=[lnx+x ]1 =(lne+e )-(ln1+1)=1+e -0-1=e
x

,
.

3 2 1
1
1
1
0 (3x+1)(x-1)dx=0 3x2 -3x+x-1dx=0 3x2 -2x-1dx=[x -x -x]0 < ........ < ,1

43

, (
).

2
1 2x +4
4
2
1
1 2x2 4
1
dx=0
+ dx=0 2x+ dx=[x +4lnx] =......=3+4ln2
0
0
x
x
x
x
x2
4
4 x2 -1
4 (x-1)(x+1)
4
dx=2
dx=2 x+1dx=[
+x] =......=8
2
2
2
x-1
x-1

,
,
.
.
1
0

x
2
x +1

1
dx=0

2
1 (x +1)'
2 1
dx=0
dx=[ x +1]0 =......= 2-1
2
2
2 x +1
2 x +1
2x

4
4 2
x2
x2
2 x2 4
16
0 2xe dx=0 (x )'e dx=[x e ]0 =........=e -1

a f'(x)g(x)dx=[f(x)g(x)]- a f(x)g'(x)dx
.
:

, a f'(x)g(x)dx

.
1
-

a f'(x)g(x)dx ,
.
1 1
1 x
1
x
x
x
0
1 x
x 1
0 xe dx=0 x(e )'dx=[xe ] 0 - 0 (x)'e dx=(1 e)-(0e )- 0 e dx=e-[e ]0 =e-(e-1)=1

44

2
-

a f'(x)g(x)dx ,
.

dx= (-)'dx= [-]0 - ()'(-)dx
0
0
0

= (-+00)+ 0 dx= -(-1)+0+[] =+(-0)= .

0

3
-

a f'(x)g(x)dx ,
.
.
'
2
e
e2lne 12ln1
x
e
e x2
e x2 1
ex

dx=(
)- 1 dx
1 xlnxdx= 1 lnxdx= lnx -1
2
2
2 x
2
2
1
2
e
2 2
2 2
2
e
x
e
e
1
e
1

=
=
-
- =
+ .

2 4
2 4 4
4 4
1

a lnxdx

.
1
e
e
e
e e
e
1 lnxdx = 1 1 lnxdx= 1 (x)' lnxdx= [xlnx]1 - 1 x dx < (elne-1ln1)- 1 1dx=
x
e
=e-[x] = e-(e-1) =1 .
1

4
-
.
..
( ).

,
.
.

x
x
x
x
A < 0 e dx A= 0 ()'e dx =[e ]0 , 0 (e )'dx

45

0
x
x
A=(e -0e )- 0 e dx A < (0 , 0) , 0 (-)'e dx

A=-[-e ] + 0 -exdx A=-(-e +0e )-A 2A=-(e 1)

0

-(e +1)
-(e +1)

A=
0 ex dx=
.
2
2

f(x)

0 [,]
=

f(x)

0 [,]

=-

f(x )dx

f(x )dx

f(x) [,]

= a |f(x)|dx

f(x).A
f(x)=0 , [,] <<<.
f,
[,] ,[,] ,[,] .

E=a |f(x)|dx E=a |f(x)|dx + |f(x)|dx + |f(x)|dx

(+) (-)
.
.

f(x)=3x2-6x =0 =4.

f(x)=0 3x2-6x=0 3x(x-2)=0

x=0 =2 .

f(x)

0
+

2
-

4
+

A :
4
2
4
2
4
2
2
E=0 |f(x)|dx E=0 |f(x)|dx+ 2 |f(x)|dx E=0 |3x -6x|dx+ 2 |3x -6x|dx
2 2
4 2
3
2 2
3
2 4
E=- 0 3x -6xdx+ 2 3x -6xdx E=-[x -3x ] +[x -3x ]
0
2
:

46

E=-[(8-12)-(0-0)]+[(64-48)-(8-12)] E=4+16+4=24 .

= yy
=0.

,
f(x)=0 = =
f(x) .

f ,g = =

E=a |f()-g(x)|dx

f(x)-g(x)

.

:
.

47

1. :
1
2 1
3
3
) f(x)=x +1 ) f(x)=x +
) f(x)=x ,
, x>0 ) f(x)=3 x -2, x>0
2
x
x
) f(x)=

1
1
3
2
+2x-5, x>0 ) f(x)=2x , 4x 1 ) f(x)=2+ , x>0
x
x

2 2
1 3
) f(x)= x+ ) f(x)= x+
x
x

2. :
1
1
3 2
x
) f(x)=e + ) f(x)=2+3 ) f(x)=
+
) f(x)= +
2
2
2

x

) f(x)=3e -2x

2
2
) f(x)= 5- x ( , x>0 ) f(x)=3x + 3

3
6
) f(x)=1-4x +7x

3. f :
2
2 1
3
) f'(x)=x +1 f(1)=5
) f'(x)=x +
, x>0 f(3)=
2
3
x

1
3
, x>0 f(4)=61 ) f'(x)= x , x>0 f(9)=2
) f'(x)=x ,
x

4. f (4,2) :
f(x)=2x3-4x2+1.N f.
5. H f R f(x)=2ex.H Cf
, :
) f

) f(-1)

1
-1 , x>0 f
x

6. f'(x)=

(1,0), f.
7. A f''(x)=
)f(x)

3 1
, x>0 f'(1)=2, :
x x2

) f'(

1
).
2

8. f R f(x)=2 0=1
2. :
) f(x)

) f(x)

48

9. f, f , :
1
0 f'(x)dx=3 f(1)=2 . f(0)
4
10. A g 2 3g'(x)+2x dx=20 g(4)=1 ,

g(2).

11. Na :
2
e 1
1 3
) 0 4x dx )
)
(2
x

1)
d
x
d x )

(3x 2 -2 x +1)d x )

0
1
0

(1- - 2 )d x )

2
1

2
1

( +

3 2
+
)dx )
x x2

1 2
) dx .

1
0

(e

1) d x )

4
1

2
x

( - )d x

12. Na :
)

(e + x -1)d x

(2e x -

4
2

)dx )

2 x

2
)d x
x3

2
0

(3 + 2 )d x

2
1

(3 +2)d x

6
)d x
x4

1
0
9

(5- x ) 2 dx
3 xd x

( x 5 - 3 x 2 + 2 x )d x .

13. f,g :

9
5

f (x )d x = 1 ,

6
5

f (x )d x = 2 ,

9
6

g (x )d x = 3

Na :
)

9
6

f (x )d x

6
5

3 f (x )+ 2 g (x ) d x ,
5

g(x)dx ,
)

9
5

g(x)d x

2 f (x )-x d x
5

)
)

5
6

9
6

g (x )d x = 2 .

[f (x )-g (x )]d x

1 - 3 g (x ) d x ,
5

14. Na :

x -1
4
2
x
1
2
)
)
)
)
dx
d
x
d
x
d
x
3
2 x 2 -1
1 3x +1
1 x-3
0 x -3x+1

1
2
ex
x +1

2
2
)
)
)
)
dx
d
x
d
x
0 5e x +3
0 4dx
1 x 2 +2x +1
0 1 +

dx .

49

15. Na :
)
)

2
dx
+2

1
0

dx
+2

1
0

3 +32 +2
dx
-1

3
2

3 2 -2 + 1
dx
-1

1
dx
-1

dx
2 +1

1
0

16. Na :
)
)

x e -xd x

-1

1
0

(2 x + 1 )e xd x

1
0

x 2 e x d x )

1
0

x e 2x d x

x 2 e 2x dx

17. Na :
)
)

x d x )

x 2 dx )

xdx )

4
0

x2dx

2
0

(2 x + 1) d x

x 2 d x

18. Na :
)
)

2
1

ln x d x )

2
1

e
1

x 2ln x 2 d x )

x ln x d x )

e
1

e
1

x 2ln x d x )

e
1

x 3ln x d x

ln 3 d x

19. Na :
)
)

2
0

e x dx

e 2x 3 d x )

2
0

e x d x )

e -x dx )

2
0

e x2dx

e x ( + )d x

20. f [,]
f(a)=f(), :

x f ''(x )d x = f '( )-a f '(a )

21. g [0,]

g (x )+ g ''(x ) d x = 5

0=, g(0).

50

22. f:(0,+) R :

f'(x)=6x+

1
, x>0
x2

) f.
) f(1)=1, f.

4
1

f ' ( x )d x

4
1

f ( x )d x

23. f R
0=5. :

5
2

3f ' ' ( x ) 2f '( x ) d x < 4 , f(2).

24. f : R R

, f(x)=-1,xR

) f.
)

2
0

2
0

f ( x )d x < 6 .

3 x f ( x )d x .

25.
f , :
) =0 =1 f(x)=ex+3x2.
) =0 =2 f(x)=54+
) =-1 =1 f(x)=2+1
) =0 =3 f(x)= 2xe

x2

26.
f , , =1 =2 f(x)=

1
x

27.
f , , =10 yy f(x)=x+2.
28.
f , , =-1 x=2 f(x)=x3.
29.
f , , =0 x=3, :
)f(x)=2x-x2

) f(x)=1-x2

)f(x)=4x3 -4

) f(x)=

x 2 ,2 x

(2 x , 2)

51

30. Y :
) f(x)=ex, g(x)=e =0 =2.
) f(x)=2+3, g(x)=4 =2 =3
) f(x)=22+2, g(x)=8-32.
31. Y
:
)f(x)=x2

g(x)=9

) f(x)=x2

g(x)=3-2x

) f(x)=-x2+2x+3 g(x)=2x-1

) f(x)=4-x2 g(x)=2x-1 ) f(x)=x2-3 g(x)= -x2 -1 ) f(x)=-x2+4x g(x)= x2-4x+6

32. Na
f(x)=-x2-2x+3 yy y=-4x+4.
33. Y
:
)f(x)=2x-x3 ,g(x)=x

)f(x)=x3+1 ,g(x)=x+1

34. Y
:
f(x)=3x-x2

g(x)=3x2-x3

35. Y
f(x)x2+4 , g(x)=5x , yy
=2.