Spencer lee B

Ch 12 vocabulary
Atom: The smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still retain all of the properties of that
element.
Theory: A unifying explanation for a broad range of hypothesis and observations that have been supported
by testing.
Electrons: The negatively charge particles found in all atoms; electrons are involved in the formation of
chemical bonds.
Models: A representation of an object or system.
Nucleus: The tiny, extremely dense, positively charged region in the center of an atom, made up protons and
neutrons.
Electron Clouds: The regions inside an atom where electrons are likely to be found.
Protons: The positively charged particles of the nucleus: the number of protons in a nucleus is the atomic
number, which determines the identity of an element.
Atomic Mass Unit: The SI Unit used to express the masses of particles in atoms.
Neutrons: The particles of the nucleus that have no charge.
Atomic Number: The number of protons in the nucleus of a atom, the atomic number is the same for all
atoms of an element.
Isotopes: Atoms that have the same number of protons but have different numbers of neutrons.
Mass Number: The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.
Atomic Mass: The weighted average of the masses of all the naturally occurring isotopes of an element.

Spencer Lee B

Ch 13 vocabulary
Periodic: Having a regular, repeating pattern.
Periodic Law: A law that states that the chemical and physical properties of elements are the periodic
functions of their atomic numbers.
Period: A horizontal row of elements on the periodical table.
Group: A column of elements on the periodic table.
Alkali Metal: Elements in group 1 of he periodic table; they are the most reactive metals and their atoms
have one electron in their outer level.
Alkaline-earth metals: Elements n Group 2 of the periodic table; they are reactive metals but less reactive
than alkali metals; their atoms have two electrons in their outer level.
Halogens: the elements in Group 17 of the periodic table; they are very reactive nonmetals and their atoms
have seven electrons in their outer level.
Noble Gases: A Unreactive metal in Group 18 of the periodic table; their atoms have eight electrons in their
outer level.