EX NO 8

Antenna radiation pattern-Horn

AIM
To simulate horn antenna radiation pattern using MATLAB
APPARATUS REQUIRED
MATLAB software, PC
SOURCE CODE
function []=horn;
disp('E-Plane and H-Plane Horn Specifications');
%R1=[]; R2=[];
%R1 = input('rho1(in wavelengths) = ');
%R2 = input('rho2(in wavelengths) = ');
R1=6; R2=6;a=0.5; b=0.25; a1=5.5; b1=2.75;
%a=[]; b=[];
%a = input('a(in wavelengths) = ');
%b = input('b(in wavelengths) = ');
%a1=[]; b1=[];
%a1 = input('a1(in wavelengths) = ');
%b1 = input('b1(in wavelengths) = ');
u = (1/sqrt(2))*((sqrt(R2)/a1)+(a1/sqrt(R2)));
v = (1/sqrt(2))*((sqrt(R2)/a1)-(a1/sqrt(R2)));
u = Fresnel(u);
v = Fresnel(v);
w = Fresnel(b1/sqrt(2*R1));
DH = 4*pi*b*R2/a1*((real(u)-real(v))^2 + (imag(u)-imag(v))^2);
DE = 64*a*R1/(pi*b1)*((real(w))^2 + (imag(w))^2);
DP = pi/(32*a*b)*DE*DH;
k = 2*pi;
Emax = 0;
Hmax = 0;
% E and H plane Outputs
% E-Plane Amplitude
for(theta = 0:0.5:360);
I = theta*2 + 1;
theta = theta*pi/180;
phi = pi/2;
ky = k*sin(theta);
kxp = pi/a1;
kxdp = -pi/a1;
t1 = sqrt(1/(pi*k*R1))*(-k*b1/2-ky*R1);
t2 = sqrt(1/(pi*k*R1))*(k*b1/2-ky*R1);
t1p = sqrt(1/(pi*k*R2))*(-k*a1/2-pi/a1*R2);
t2p = sqrt(1/(pi*k*R2))*(k*a1/2-pi/a1*R2);
t1dp = -t2p;
t2dp = -t1p;
I1 =.5*sqrt(pi*R2/k)*(exp(j*R2/(2*k)*kxp^2)*(Fresnel(t2p)-Fresnel(t1p)) +
exp(j*R2/(2*k)*kxdp^2)*(Fresnel(t2dp) - Fresnel(t1dp)));
I2 = sqrt(pi*R1/k) * exp(j*R1/(2*k)*ky^2) * (Fresnel(t2) - Fresnel(t1));
y(I) = (1 + cos(theta))*I1*I2;
y(I) = abs(y(I));
end
for(I = 1:721)

if(y(I) > Emax)

Emax = y(I);
end
end
for(I = 1:721)
if(y(I) <= 0)
Edb = -100;
else
Edb = 20*log10(abs(y(I))/Emax);
end
theta = (I-1)/2;
x(I)=theta;
q1(I)=Edb;
end
% H-Plane Amplitude
for(theta = 0:0.5:360);
I = theta*2 + 1;
theta = theta*pi/180;
phi = 0;
kxp = k*sin(theta) + pi/a1;
kxdp = k*sin(theta) - pi/a1;
t1 = sqrt(1/(pi*k*R1))*(-k*b1/2);
t2 = sqrt(1/(pi*k*R1))*(k*b1/2);
t1p = sqrt(1/(pi*k*R2))*(-k*a1/2-kxp*R2);
t2p = sqrt(1/(pi*k*R2))*(k*a1/2-kxp*R2);
t1dp = sqrt(1/(pi*k*R2))*(-k*a1/2-kxdp*R2);
t2dp = sqrt(1/(pi*k*R2))*(k*a1/2-kxdp*R2);
I1 = .5*sqrt(pi*R2/k)*(exp(j*R2/(2*k)*kxp^2)*(Fresnel(t2p)-Fresnel(t1p)) +
exp(j*R2/(2*k)*kxdp^2)*(Fresnel(t2dp) - Fresnel(t1dp)));
I2 = sqrt(pi*R1/k) * exp(j*R1/(2*k)*ky^2) * (Fresnel(t2) - Fresnel(t1));
y(I) = (1 + cos(theta))*I1*I2;
y(I) = abs(y(I));
end
for(I = 1:721)
if(y(I) > Hmax)
Hmax = y(I);
end
end
for(I = 1:721)
if(y(I) <= 0)
Hdb = -100;
else
Hdb = 20*log10(abs(y(I))/Hmax);
end
theta = (I-1)/2;
x(I)=theta;
q2(I)=Hdb;
end
% Figure 1
ha=plot(x,q1); set(ha,'linestyle','-','linewidth',2);
hold on; hb=plot(x,q2,'r--'); set(hb,'linewidth',2);
xlabel('Theta (degrees)');
ylabel('Field Pattern (dB)');
title('Horn Analysis');
legend('E-Plane','H-Plane');
grid on;
axis([0 360 -60 0]);
% Figure 2
figure(2)
ht1=polar(x*pi/180,q1,'b-');

hold on;
ht2=polar(x*pi/180,q2,'r--');
set([ht1 ht2],'linewidth',2);
legend([ht1 ht2],{'E-plane','H-plane'});
title('Field patterns');
% Directivity Output
directivity = 10*log10(DP)
% Fresnel Subfunction
function[y] = Fresnel(x);
A(1) = 1.595769140;
A(2) = -0.000001702;
A(3) = -6.808508854;
A(4) = -0.000576361;
A(5) = 6.920691902;
A(6) = -0.016898657;
A(7) = -3.050485660;
A(8) = -0.075752419;
A(9) = 0.850663781;
A(10) = -0.025639041;
A(11) = -0.150230960;
A(12) = 0.034404779;
B(1) = -0.000000033;
B(2) = 4.255387524;
B(3) = -0.000092810;
B(4) = -7.780020400;
B(5) = -0.009520895;
B(6) = 5.075161298;
B(7) = -0.138341947;
B(8) = -1.363729124;
B(9) = -0.403349276;
B(10) = 0.702222016;
B(11) = -0.216195929;
B(12) = 0.019547031;
CC(1) = 0;
CC(2) = -0.024933975;
CC(3) = 0.000003936;
CC(4) = 0.005770956;
CC(5) = 0.000689892;
CC(6) = -0.009497136;
CC(7) = 0.011948809;
CC(8) = -0.006748873;
CC(9) = 0.000246420;
CC(10) = 0.002102967;
CC(11) = -0.001217930;
CC(12) = 0.000233939;
D(1) = 0.199471140;
D(2) = 0.000000023;
D(3) = -0.009351341;
D(4) = 0.000023006;
D(5) = 0.004851466;
D(6) = 0.001903218;
D(7) = -0.017122914;
D(8) = 0.029064067;
D(9) = -0.027928955;
D(10) = 0.016497308;
D(11) = -0.005598515;
D(12) = 0.000838386;
if(x==0)
y=0;
return

elseif(x<0)
x=abs(x);
x=(pi/2)*x^2;
F=0;
if(x<4)
for(k=1:12)
F=F+(A(k)+j*B(k))*(x/4)^(k-1);
end
y = F*sqrt(x/4)*exp(-j*x);
y = -y;
return
else
for(k=1:12)
F=F+(CC(k)+j*D(k))*(4/x)^(k-1);
end
y = F*sqrt(4/x)*exp(-j*x)+(1-j)/2;
y =-y;
return
end
else
x=(pi/2)*x^2;
F=0;
if(x<4)
for(k=1:12)
F=F+(A(k)+j*B(k))*(x/4)^(k-1);
end
y = F*sqrt(x/4)*exp(-j*x);
return
else
for(k=1:12)
F=F+(CC(k)+j*D(k))*(4/x)^(k-1);
end
y = F*sqrt(4/x)*exp(-j*x)+(1-j)/2;
return
end
end

OUTPUT:
E-Plane and H-Plane Horn Specifications

directivity = 18.8278
Horn Analysis
0
E-Plane
H-Plane

Field Pattern (dB)

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

-60

50

100

150
200
Theta (degrees)

250

300

350

Field patterns
90

100

120

60
80

E-plane
H-plane

60
150

30
40
20

180

210

330

240

300
270