{\rtf1 \ansi \deff1 {\fonttbl {\f1 \fnil Times New Roman;}}{\colortbl;\red0\gree n0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;}\paperw12240\paperh15840 {\sectd\margtsxn1440 \margrsxn1440 \margbsxn1440 \marglsxn1440 \cols1

\colno1 \c olw9360 \sbkpage {\header \trowd \trgaph0 \trqj \cellx6480 \cellx9360 \pard \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \intbl \adjustright {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\*\shppict {\pict \picw56 \pich28 \picscalex38 \picscaley38 \pngblip \bliptag1162149751781 89504e4 70d0a1a0a0000000d4948445200000090000000480403000000eb0561c90000000774494d4507d40 11a16202f6141aceb000000 097048597300000af000000af00142ac349800000030504c5445fffffff7f7fff1f1e6e1e1dce3e3 f0f7f7f1c9c9d3cfcfeeababd2efef fcfffff78787c65c5cb83d3dae1a1aa0020290244e1d1b0000000174524e530040e6d866000006f2 4944415478daed98416f1ad716c7ef 4d8712b29a71496cef5259ede2bd55c146793bd2b836162c9238f4bd6513229e23c792ad56cf58c6 9279c98b07d96361298a1d79938fd0 486e8c85a11b2ba602865d32120c6c2b01331fe031333d67300334ee665ca99b5cc966e6cee537e7 9cfb3fe7de0b211fdbc7f657348ee3 fe040abde785f6c545318ef05814dbc4459d9af521267251d0252f52bcdf84c3772ec4b93b0598f1 2fcc483b6edbc6d0215f5f702e7d6e 1b849cc8375d431c5fdb35e92e703c61ebd6e1b509427b3c777a42bc346e0f741538de99c9657fb7 83f1b01f0ce2b099dd573a6f1ce57e 9f048e5b604fa0582c2e757b3e394749b10ccfa7cd112ff814fc77cd67f8cdb4bf9f330bf6dcde93 552dd1edfaecab0f415b3545919378 156f228fc92a8a5259ec1b017a8e7c4e98e59c05a2b7ae7f085a2d197a010954d093a6452555ebb7 c8011ccc52ba6d811ce3e7047234a8 6a498c912ba79f9a415b55a599be404f4523737ef3451668c873de9438cb9ae908933324b323a824 7b4f29e4bbf7383168d1d8b959eb3a f3dd291abf9a1d716da9f7d40d8e056baf07407f204788cd017e8ed4d4862903a191ea3986018aeb 3f0e80dc5ef63c10891beff163bf29 9ad346739235ee0a38e621717d7d0034fb07f528a8a24b34d4e8f8e8ca9db2e44c92435e4cf84110 e7f05e3f1f345247975cc27b41c791 c3e21171cff12b188c1b99f4f2ca206897071b9fefd0e738b33bf00717cf3bb1182eb76fa221bfc4 8d23e4b6d677b74a72014881925c2d a663593dcff31b9c099a3aaea6d3339b693e73c81227bf44e86686cf3c259d79d7eec37ff1685f05 a720564b5b4ab5a4482926db2ad5b4 82a818287613e4165ac54df910d59f4f917df9080c80ebc3ceb46da3a49d72e2b22a818da1c674bd b91113b5fb7f572bff066b8e45bd5a 2cbe3141c15a859fab3778d1683e6549c838217455342a2b9d20ad1930ff7b4dbfb3def013ba26c5 410f346e9c0afa4f208a53f7829e9c 9cbc89317209daffc6eee5b445780a162c18e0429fe2832af4ae3652ce727b11827e9a43198ca895 2cdc3ac5131ad7d609c72208467cef 792568eb7baa846135c005d776c3df9d361594f358622158eb8429a5eb280767bd29b6fdc4953d21 6b5a77d69ce5466402efc1f81461ca 46d30f217e6f651bba24bc0553f5238855463de9a460096ca68f0f680fc464f30f5ec1fb12cccf60 ed70ada69936f7d2b6b9e8ca1da0f2 0ec848754b3f1c7df932506f1f1bf9152ef0088260e928f06c6277bea6253a3772564b92cbb295e3 4caefd9d1b64488210c26043d00b3c bf9955dbf3aa06a49d3ed09531cf3fb7b05482f1af49bc826fde6f5a390e699bb826c3e0bdbac4c6 a505a325cbb2d2caef8a50f39e923e d09037762c17440005c17fe1ddbefa8e0df5e578c838daaf2ea2c61b3bc25b0165532aa65750227a f5115db0405fce6595c2ca02b88513 b47d72adfeeb8ed0cb7170e92454813964caed99ec81a01f4eff877fb6c2b2ee1890f29c05faef0d e4b008fab4de78997bcd94ff7f337b da97b6aab486a276e5dacb6212e3381bf5bc722db32e2035972cd09379b5f988100431627b5a5ea7 b9f64aeea007027908efd140414b97 16a1d039a2d1bf116706523256d6932688a34225f218a56c8240e3ab100d41db28ddef811851cb9a dcb85e2cfa41feb3d1c86de2c405d1 055804d1e59dad375e0192ebac9eace9c7e0445c2954fdd45a4f41eb72a2932c90f450e87c50cfe8 70090512d28f16a01e31994773d17f 089895f0da044e900cc1d9535b95d48b8d6eb8a960b44d31ecd58db7ec485d7be6794502bc78601a 9940d065f9c98dcce21abab6afa2ab

41154bfda775e3dde856d19264dce824de70d9386119d1c83f1cdd15f2656987736fb7172173b878 ebc9bc9c0c19d2cc6e16101c19ae6b 587ce00b2325d99ab890da305718a60c82a58f0d2dcf1f2b6feadac6e42a6ad49062a5ca1cf05761 11866a6748cb2990ca92b9aabe1ea9 55df767ddb57a5b36069df11f22fd15064a5322d2ad562a999247b355dae3edbac29d574d6506a52 acaea75334878ac684be26560fbba0 17a58e712e01b70fb39bc55aab9074cd176519c7305bb5d61bef7c26533c0c945a852577563965e9 7c1ebe4d8305bffbb860c5c81deb14 4b1ad848912bbee832cf3f4cd197d350f36f9a2b473a32f17c12caa42bc6ffc0d2295c63767f30a3 0ab70173d060434938a20f0865ad5b 73498c7abaabb4f980fbe04be7b5d9dfefece9ac2f6267cff86df4fa60c73d9fbd43c35464708f00 1b92093b06397c0f06eec3bee843d6 06875c1af403777ef60e31cc00c861ee446db54fa27eeb9a86cf76a2b62cea4d35bd67df9e7e101d 437b6c05ba13958e6b57efc2c9c1b6 5f6887cf13be73351cbe052799f10b1d3aa160c3911c0f7a13173bbc3accb3349e5fed9f5c3b6d08 7f2418b71fe55ee3b83fe7778b8f6d b0fd06a2f89fa7deed9dd50000000049454e44ae426082}}}{\fs24 \cell }\pard \intbl \adj ustright \pard \intbl \adjustright {\fs24 \cell }\pard \intbl \adjustright {\fs2 4 \row } \trowd \trgaph0 \trqj \cellx6480 \cellx9360 \pard \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \intbl \adjustright {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 57 SCLR 465}{\fs24 \cell }\pard \intbl \adjustright \pard \qr \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \intbl \adjustright {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Page {\field{\*\fld inst {PAGE}}{\fldrslt {1}}}}{\fs24 \cell }\pard \intbl \adjustright {\fs24 \row } \trowd \trgaph0 \trqj \cellx9360 \pard \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \intbl \adjustright {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 57 S.C. L. Rev. 465 }{\fs24 \cell }\pard \intbl \adjustright {\fs24 \row } \trowd \trgaph0 \trqj \cellx9360 \pard \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \intbl \adjustright {\f1 \fs20 \b \cf1 (Cite as: 57 S.C . L. Rev. 465)}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\fs24 \cell }\pard \intbl \adjustright {\fs24 \ row } \pard \par }{\footer \pard \qc \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 \'a9 2006 Thomson/West. No Claim to Or ig. U.S. Govt. Works.}\par \par } \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\*\bkmkstart Document0zzSDUNumber1}\f 1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document0zzSDUNumber1}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \sect } {\sectd\margtsxn1440 \margrsxn1440 \margbsxn1440 \marglsxn1440 \pgnrestart \pgns tarts1 \cols1 \colno1 \colw9360 \sbknone {\header \trowd \trgaph0 \trqj \cellx64 80 \cellx9360 \pard \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \intbl \adjustright {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 57 SCLR 465}{\fs24 \cell }\pard \intbl \adjustright \pard \qr \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \intbl \adjustright {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Page {\field{\*\fld inst {PAGE}}{\fldrslt {1}}}}{\fs24 \cell }\pard \intbl \adjustright {\fs24 \row } \trowd \trgaph0 \trqj \cellx9360 \pard \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \intbl \adjustright {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 57 S.C. L. Rev. 465 }{\fs24 \cell }\pard \intbl \adjustright {\fs24 \row } \trowd \trgaph0 \trqj \cellx9360 \pard \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \intbl \adjustright {\f1 \fs20 \b \cf1 (Cite as: 57 S.C . L. Rev. 465)}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\fs24 \cell }\pard \intbl \adjustright {\fs24 \ row } \pard \par }{\footer \pard \qc \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 \'a9 2006 Thomson/West. No Claim to Or ig. U.S. Govt. Works.}\par \par } \pard \qc \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 South Carolina Law Review}\par \pard \qc \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Spring 2006}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qc \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \b \cf1 Civil Procedure}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par

\pard \qc \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \b \cf1 *465}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 A ONE-TWO PUNC H TO FORUM SHOPPING: RECENT JUDICIAL AND LEGISLATIVE}\par \pard \qc \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 AMENDMENTS TO SOUTH CAROLINA'S CORPORAT E VENUE JURISPRUDENCE}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qc \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Steven B. McFarland}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }\par \pard \qc \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } Copyright \'a9 2006 South Carolina Law Review; Steven B. McFarland}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }\par \pard \qc \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 I. Introduction}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Hampton County is notorious throughou t South Carolina, and the nation, for its plaintiff-friendly jurors and excessiv e verdicts. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B1}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_ B1}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F1 }}{\fldr slt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN1]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Predictably, plaintiffs frequen tly search for any potential justification to file their complaints in Hampton C ounty courts. Unfortunately for corporate defendants, plaintiffs have rarely com e up empty handed. South Carolina's pre-2005 venue statute and its judicial inte rpretation failed to provide any rational }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber2}\ f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber2}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 limitations to corpor ate venue. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B2}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B 2}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F2 }}{\fldrs lt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN2]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Prior to 2005, the South Carolin a Supreme Court, in an attempt to resolve inherent ambiguities in the pre-2005 v enue statute, erroneously relied on language from the service of process statute }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B3}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B3}{\f1 \fs 20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F3 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \f s20 \ul \cf2 [FN3]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 to formulate an overly broad definition of corporate residence. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B4}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Docu ment1zzFN_B4}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F 4 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN4]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Consequently, the cou rt determined that corporations reside, for venue purposes, in any county where they merely own property and transact business. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B5} \f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B5}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYP ERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F5 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN5]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \ cf1 In addition, the pre-2005 venue statute allowed plaintiffs to sue certain f oreign corporations "in any county which the plaintiff shall designate in his co mplaint." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B6}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B6 }{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F6 }}{\fldrsl t {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN6]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 As a result, Hampton County exper ienced a forty-three percent increase between 2000 and 2004 in the number of law suits filed in its courts. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B7}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B7}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1z zFN_F7 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN7]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Furthermore, Ham pton County currently maintains a caseload nearly twice that of other counties w ith comparable populations. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B8}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmken d Document1zzFN_B8}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1 zzFN_F8 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN8]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Consequently, H ampton County epitomizes the significant problems associated with forum shopping under South Carolina's pre-2005 venue jurisprudence.}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } South Carolina courts and lawmakers recently delivered a one-two punch that effe

ctively eliminates forum shopping within the state. On February 2, 2005, the Sou th Carolina Supreme Court struck first with its ground-breaking decision in Whal ey v. CSX Transportation, Inc. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B9}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkm kend Document1zzFN_B9}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Docume nt1zzFN_F9 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN9]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 In Whaley, t he supreme court overturned several previous cases and held that "own[ing] prope rty and transact [ing] business" within a county is insufficient to establish th e }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber3}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumbe r3}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 residence of a corporate defendant }{\f1 \fs20 \b \cf1 *466}{ \f1 \fs20 \cf1 for venue purposes. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B10}\f1 \fs20 { \*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B10}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F10 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN10]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Sub sequently, the South Carolina Legislature passed "sweeping tort reform legislati on . . . that included the first significant changes to the state's general venu e statute in over a century." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B11}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkm kend Document1zzFN_B11}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Docum ent1zzFN_F11 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN11]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 The Econo mic Development, Citizens, and Small Business Protection Act of 2005, }{\*\bkmks tart Document1zzFN_B12}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B12}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 } {\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F12 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN12]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 which became effective on July 1, 2005, includes a much-needed amendment to South Carolina's archaic venue statute. }{\*\bkmkstar t Document1zzFN_B13}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B13}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\f ield {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F13 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf 2 [FN13]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Together, these recent changes in South Carolina's c orporate venue jurisprudence have established overdue limitations on forum selec tion that more adequately protect the substantive rights of corporate defendants and promote the convenience of all interested parties.}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } Part II of this Comment provides essential background information concerning the historical development of venue law and the justifications for establishing sta tutory venue limitations. Part III explores the evolution of South Carolina's pr evious corporate venue jurisprudence and discusses the adverse effects caused by the state's failure to establish adequate restrictions on forum selection. Part IV examines the South Carolina Supreme Court's recent opinion in Whaley and fu rther analyzes the subsequent effects of this landmark decision. Part V consider s the changes in the amended version of }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http:// www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS15-7-30 &FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 South Carolina Code section 15-7-30 }}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 and examines its application to corporate venue. Finally, Pa rt VI analyzes the potential widespread effects of the recent changes to South C arolina's corporate venue jurisprudence.}\par \pard \qc \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber4}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber4 }{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 II. An Overview of Venue Jurisprudence}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 A. The Historical Development of Venue} \par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } The concept of venue originally developed in the early English judicial system. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B14}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B14}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F14 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN14]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Historically, the King traveled through out the country and held court at various locations based entirely upon his own convenience. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B15}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzF N_B15}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F15 }}{\ fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN15]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 However, the records and e quipment soon became "too bulky," influencing the court to settle at Westministe r. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B16}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B16}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F16 }}{\fldrslt {\

f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN16]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Once settled, the court summoned jur ors to Westminster for trial, }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B17}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkm kend Document1zzFN_B17}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Docum ent1zzFN_F17 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN17]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 and venue took on the meaning of "the locality from which jurors were selected." }{\*\bkm kstart Document1zzFN_B18}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B18}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F18 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \u l \cf2 [FN18]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 At that time, jurors participated extensively i n the questioning of litigants--a }{\f1 \fs20 \b \cf1 *467}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 proc ess that worked more efficiently if the jurors were familiar with the location o f the dispute. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B19}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1z zFN_B19}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F19 }} {\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN19]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } As the legal system developed and the role of jurors declined, the focus of venu e correspondingly shifted from the location of the dispute and from where jurors were drawn to "the distinction between transitory and local actions." }{\*\bkmk start Document1zzFN_B20}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B20}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F20 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN20]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Generally, local actions involved disputes that could occur only in a particular location, such as disputes over real property. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B21}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B21}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F21 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN21]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Therefore, plaintiffs could bring loca l actions only "where the cause of action arose." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B 22}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B22}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F22 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN22]}}}{\f1 \ fs20 \cf1 In contrast, tort actions were generally transitory in nature because }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber5}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber 5}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 the alleged act or omission giving rise to the cause of action might have occurred anywhere. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B23}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bk mkend Document1zzFN_B23}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Docu ment1zzFN_F23 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN23]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Absent a ny statutory requirement limiting venue, tort actions "[could] be maintained whe rever the wrongdoer [could] be found and legally served with process." }{\*\bkmk start Document1zzFN_B24}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B24}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F24 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN24]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Today, the majority of jurisdictions have enacte d statutes that provide the exclusive regulation of venue. }{\*\bkmkstart Docume nt1zzFN_B25}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B25}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\* \fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F25 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN25] }}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Consequently, the modern definition of venue has evolved int o "[t]he proper or a possible place for a lawsuit to proceed, [usually] because the place has some connection either with the events that gave rise to the lawsu it or with the plaintiff or defendant." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B26}\f1 \fs 20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B26}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F26 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN26]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } B. Justifications for Venue Restrictions}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } Venue statutes limit the number of available fora and protect the competing inte rests in the location of trial. Undeniably, venue is a critical aspect of civil litigation that can significantly affect the resolution of a dispute. }{\*\bkmks tart Document1zzFN_B27}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B27}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 } {\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F27 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN27]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 The forum of adjudication often affects the "geog raphic location, pleading and discovery rules, docket speed, judge assignment, a nd jury pool. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B28}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zz FN_B28}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F28 }}{

\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN28]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Under the American judici al system, a plaintiff is the "master of its complaint" and initially selects th e forum in which to adjudicate its claim. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B29}\f1 \ fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B29}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLI NK \\l Document1zzFN_F29 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN29]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf 1 Therefore, absent any restrictions, plaintiffs can designate a venue merely f or its strategic advantages without consideration of competing, yet valid, inter ests. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B30}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B30}{ \f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F30 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN30]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 The concept of venue primarily }{ \*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber6}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber6}{ \f1 \fs20 \cf1 serves to promote }{\f1 \fs20 \b \cf1 *468}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 the c onvenience of all parties, }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B31}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmken d Document1zzFN_B31}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document 1zzFN_F31 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN31]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 not merely t he self-serving motives of eager plaintiffs. Consequently, courts, legislatures, and legal scholars have recognized several justifications for establishing stat utes that restrict plaintiffs' forum selection alternatives.}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } The most debated and publicized justification for venue limitations is the preve ntion of forum shopping. Forum shopping is "[t]he practice of choosing the most favorable jurisdiction or court in which a claim might be heard." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B32}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B32}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\fi eld {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F32 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN32]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Without venue restrictions, plaintiffs would possess unfettered discretion to select venue and choose the most advantageous forum in which to adjudicate their claims. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B33}\f1 \fs20 {\* \bkmkend Document1zzFN_B33}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l D ocument1zzFN_F33 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN33]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Howev er, "flexibility so great that it encourages forum-shopping cannot be in the bes t interests of any of the litigants." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B34}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B34}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \ \l Document1zzFN_F34 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN34]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 A lthough plaintiffs possess a significant interest in selecting favorable courts, forum shopping blatantly disregards the valid and often competing interests of other relevant parties. Those competing interests include the convenience of the witnesses and other parties, judicial economy, fairness to the local community, and substantive rights of defendants to be tried where they reside. }{\*\bkmkst art Document1zzFN_B35}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B35}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{ \field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F35 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \ cf2 [FN35]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Forum shopping also "creates the impression that l aw and jurors can be manipulated to give unfair advantages to certain parties" a nd therefore reduces the public's confidence in the legal system. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B36}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B36}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\fi eld {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F36 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN36]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Consequently, the system needs venue restrictions to balance all competing interests and "curb 'the abuses engendered by this [overly ] extensive }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber7}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1 zzSDUNumber7}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 venue."' }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B37}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B37}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \ \l Document1zzFN_F37 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN37]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\ par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } Statutes limiting venue selection also promote the efficient allocation of judic ial resources and the expeditious resolution of civil actions. }{\*\bkmkstart Do cument1zzFN_B38}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B38}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F38 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [F N38]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Without adequate restrictions, plaintiff-friendly fora c an experience a flood of litigation lacking any significant relationship to that particular locality. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B39}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Doc

ument1zzFN_B39}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN _F39 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN39]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 The resulting con gestion prevents the affected courts from expeditiously resolving disputes, whil e other, less strategically advantageous courts remain unnecessarily idle. }{\*\ bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B40}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B40}{\f1 \fs20 \ cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F40 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN40]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Moreover, judicial proceedings undeniably pr ogress more efficiently when conducted in a forum having a more significant rela tionship to the underlying dispute. Courts in close proximity to the dispute or the parties' residences can obtain easier access to }{\f1 \fs20 \b \cf1 *469}{\f 1 \fs20 \cf1 evidence and witnesses. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B41}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B41}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \ \l Document1zzFN_F41 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN41]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 I n addition, "[k]nowledge of local customs, influences, conditions and history fa cilitates expeditious and intelligent handling of the case." }{\*\bkmkstart Docu ment1zzFN_B42}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B42}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field { \*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F42 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN4 2]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } Furthermore, venue restrictions shield local communities from injustices associa ted with forum shopping and promote the interests of local residents. }{\*\bkmks tart Document1zzFN_B43}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B43}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 } {\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F43 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN43]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Insufficient venue limitations allow plaintiffs t o bring civil claims in distant courts, thereby forcing those courts to entertai n unrelated litigation. Forum shopping thus unfairly imposes litigation expense s and jury duty on local communities "which ha[ve] no real interest in the outco me of the suit." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B44}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document 1zzFN_B44}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F44 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN44]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Moreover, the public h as a considerable interest in monitoring }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber8}\f 1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber8}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 significant local even ts. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B45}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B45}{\f 1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F45 }}{\fldrslt { \f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN45]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Legal events frequently have substa ntial consequences for the local community, and are of great concern to local re sidents. In addition, adjudicating disputes locally enhances the opportunity for interested parties to receive notice of the proceedings and to intervene when n ecessary. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B46}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B 46}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F46 }}{\fld rslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN46]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } Most importantly, venue limitations protect defendants, especially corporations and other business entities, from being forced to litigate in distant and inconv enient fora. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B47}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzF N_B47}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F47 }}{\ fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN47]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 South Carolina courts have long recognized "the right of a defendant to be tried in the county of his resi dence is a substantial one and [is] not to be lightly denied." }{\*\bkmkstart Do cument1zzFN_B48}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B48}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F48 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [F N48]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Indeed, the plaintiff's right of forum selection is infe rior to the defendant's right to be tried in the locality where it resides. }{\* \bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B49}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B49}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F49 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs2 0 \ul \cf2 [FN49]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Although this right is equally applicable t o all defendants, it presents unique implications for corporate defendants. Unli ke the residence of an individual, the residence of a corporation is frequently difficult to ascertain and is more susceptible to broad interpretation. }{\*\bkm kstart Document1zzFN_B50}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B50}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1

}{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F50 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \u l \cf2 [FN50]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Therefore, effective venue limitations prevent over-inclusive determinations of corporate residence and restrict plaintiffs fro m hauling corporate defendants into "inconvenient or burdensome" fora. }{\*\bkmk start Document1zzFN_B51}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B51}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F51 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN51]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qc \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\f1 \fs20 \b \cf1 *470}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 III. The Evolution of South Carolina's Pre-2005 Corporate Venue}\par \pard \qc \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber9}\f 1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber9}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Jurisprudence}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 South Carolina's pre-2005 venue juris prudence contained inadequate limitations on corporate venue and failed to prote ct the interests of corporate defendants, local courts, and the public in genera l. The venue statute, }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Fi nd/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS15-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\f ldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 South Carolina Code section 15-7-30}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 , provided the basis for forum selection:}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li360 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 [T]he action shall be tried in the county in which the defendant resides at the time of the commencement of the act ion. If there be more than one defendant then the action may be tried in any cou nty in which one or more of the defendants to such action resides at the time of the commencement of the action. If none of the parties shall reside in the Stat e the action may be tried in any county which the plaintiff shall designate in h is complaint. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B52}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zz FN_B52}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F52 }}{ \fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN52]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 The inherent ambiguity an d overly broad nature of the statute led to unfairness and inefficiency in its a pplication, especially for corporate defendants.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } A. Residence of Corporate Defendants for Venue Purposes}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } The venue statute's first major deficiency involved its ambiguous reference to t he residence of corporate defendants. Although the statute expressly established venue "in the county in which the defendant resides," it failed to define or pr ovide any basis for determining a defendant's residence. }{\*\bkmkstart Document 1zzFN_B53}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B53}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\f ldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F53 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN53]}} }{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 This ambiguity proved troublesome, particularly for corporatio ns, }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber10}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNu mber10}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 whose residence is inherently more difficult to ascertain than that of individuals. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B54}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmken d Document1zzFN_B54}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document 1zzFN_F54 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN54]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Early South Carolina Supreme Court decisions circumvented the venue statute's shortcomings b y establishing practical and restrictive definitions of corporate residence. }{\ *\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B55}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B55}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F55 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs 20 \ul \cf2 [FN55]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Initially, the supreme court established d ifferent definitions of "resides" for domestic and foreign corporations. A domes tic corporation's residence for venue purposes was "(1) in any county where the corporation maintain[ed] an agent and transact [ed] its corporate business or (2 ) in the county where the corporation maintained its principal place of }{\f1 \f s20 \b \cf1 *471}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 business." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B56}\f 1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B56}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPE RLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F56 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN56]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 In contrast, "for purposes of venue, a foreign corporation reside[d] in an y county where it ha[d] an office and agent for the transaction of business." }{ \*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B57}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B57}{\f1 \fs2

0 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F57 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \f s20 \ul \cf2 [FN57]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } In Miller v. Boyle Construction Co., }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B58}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B58}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\ l Document1zzFN_F58 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN58]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 th e supreme court abandoned its restrictive interpretation of the venue statute an d substantially expanded the definition of "resides" for domestic corporations. In Miller, the court held that in addition to the counties meeting the tests abo ve, domestic corporations also resided in any counties where they owned property and transacted business. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B59}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B59}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1 zzFN_F59 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN59]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 The court re lied exclusively on a 1927 statute that governed service of process and personal jurisdiction over domestic corporations. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B60}\f1 \ fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B60}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLI NK \\l Document1zzFN_F60 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN60]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf 1 The statute stated that "'service . . . shall be effective and confer jurisdi ction over any domestic corporation in any County where such domestic corporatio n shall own property and transact business."' }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumbe r11}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber11}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B61}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B61}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\fie ld {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F61 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN61]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 The court failed to provide any justification for its reliance on the service of process statute, merely stating that the statute "als o governed and controlled" venue. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B62}\f1 \fs20 {\* \bkmkend Document1zzFN_B62}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l D ocument1zzFN_F62 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN62]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Conse quently, by interpreting the service of process statute as complementary to the venue provision, the Miller court substantially broadened the definition of "res ides" for domestic corporations.}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } Initially, the supreme court refused to extend the definition of "resides" in a similar fashion for foreign corporations. Six years after Miller, the supreme co urt in Hancock v. Southern Cotton Oil Co. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B63}\f1 \ fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B63}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLI NK \\l Document1zzFN_F63 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN63]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf 1 reasoned the 1927 service of process statute failed to make even "the slighte st inference or reference to a domesticated foreign corporation." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B64}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B64}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\fi eld {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F64 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN64]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Therefore, the court declined to extend the reasoning of Miller to foreign corporations and maintained the previous venue standard fo r those corporations. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B65}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Doc ument1zzFN_B65}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN _F65 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN65]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 However, in 1964, the legislature amended the service of process statute to include foreign corpo rations. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B66}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B6 6}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F66 }}{\fldr slt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN66]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 The amended statute stated tha t "service as effected under the terms of this section shall be effective and co nfer jurisdiction over any domestic or foreign corporation in any county where s uch domestic or foreign corporation shall own property and transact business." } {\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B67}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B67}{\f1 \fs 20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F67 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \ fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN67]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Soon afterward, the supreme court in Lot t v. Claussens, Inc. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B68}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Docu ment1zzFN_B68}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_ F68 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN68]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 extended Miller's reasoning to foreign corporations. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B69}\f1 \fs20 {\

*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B69}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F69 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN69]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 The court in Lott thus determined that a foreign corporation also resided for venue purposes in any county where it "'own[ed] property and }{\f1 \fs20 \b \cf1 *472} {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 transact[ed] business."' }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber12} \f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber12}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\*\bkmkstart Docu ment1zzFN_B70}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B70}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field { \*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F70 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN7 0]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 The court adopted a broad definition of "owning property" f or venue purposes. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B71}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Docume nt1zzFN_B71}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F7 1 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN71]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 In probably the most egregious example of the over-extension of corporate venue, the Lott court held that possessing intangible property rights of a continuous and permanent nature was sufficient to satisfy the "owns property" requirement for venue. }{\*\bkmks tart Document1zzFN_B72}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B72}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 } {\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F72 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN72]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } In Lott, the plaintiff sued in Barnwell County, seeking damages stemming from an automobile accident. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B73}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Doc ument1zzFN_B73}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN _F73 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN73]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 On appeal, defend ant Claussens challenged the verdict on the basis of improper venue. Claussens, "a foreign corporation duly domesticated in South Carolina [and] engaged in the bakery business," sold various baked goods to grocery stores throughout Barnwell County. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B74}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B7 4}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F74 }}{\fldr slt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN74]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 To assist in the promotion and distribution of its products, Claussens joined the South Carolina Bakers' Counc il. The Council owned bread racks in various grocery stores that it provided to members to display their products. The Council initially paid for and retained o wnership of the racks, but Claussens later reimbursed the Council for its total cost. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B75}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B75}{ \f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F75 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN75]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Although Claussens was not in pri vity with any grocery stores in Barnwell County, the court concluded that Clauss ens "acquired a valuable and legally enforceable right" to use display racks thr oughout the county. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B76}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Docum ent1zzFN_B76}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F 76 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN76]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Furthermore, becaus e the right was permanent and continuous in nature, the court determined that it constituted "owning property" for purposes of the venue test. }{\*\bkmkstart Do cument1zzFN_B77}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B77}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F77 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [F N77]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber13}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber 13}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 The most documented decision summariz ing South Carolina's pre-2005 corporate venue jurisprudence is In re Asbestosis Cases. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B78}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B78} {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F78 }}{\fldrsl t {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN78]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Combining the holdings of Miller and Lott, In re Asbestosis Cases definitively explained that the residence of b oth foreign and domestic corporations for venue purposes included counties in wh ich they owned property and transacted business. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B7 9}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B79}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst { HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F79 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN79]}}}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 The supreme court stated, "where there are different statutes in pari

materia, though enacted at different times, and not referring to each other, the y are to be taken and construed together as one system, and as explanatory of ea ch other." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B80}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_ B80}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F80 }}{\fl drslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN80]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Applying this principle, the court concluded the venue statute and the service of process statute "obviously deal with the same general subject matter." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B81}\f 1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B81}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPE RLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F81 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN81]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Therefore, "venue would be proper under the provisions of }{\field {\*\fld inst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001 530&DocName=SCSTS15-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 section 157-30}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 , as augmented by [the service of process statute]." }{\* \bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B82}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B82}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F82 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs2 0 \ul \cf2 [FN82]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Thus, domestic corporations were subject to venue in any county where they (1) maintained their "principal place of busines s," or (2) "maintain[ed] an }{\f1 \fs20 \b \cf1 *473}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 office and agent for the transaction of business," or (3) "own[ed] property or transact[ed ] business." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B83}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzF N_B83}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F83 }}{\ fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN83]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Foreign corporations were subject to venue in any county where they (1) "maintain[ed] an office and agent for the transaction of business," or (2) "own[ed] property or transacted busines s." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B84}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B84}{\f 1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F84 }}{\fldrslt { \f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN84]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } B. Application of the Pre-2005 Venue Statute to Corporations Not Residing in }{\ *\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber14}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber14} {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Any South Carolina County}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } In addition to being overbroad, South Carolina's previous venue statute was faci ally deficient because it expressly gave plaintiffs unfettered discretion to sel ect venue regarding certain foreign corporations. As discussed above, the courts determined that foreign corporations resided in any county where they (1) "main tain[ed] an office and agent for the transaction of business" or (2) "own[ed] pr operty and transact[ed] business." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B85}\f1 \fs20 {\ *\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B85}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F85 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN85]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Unde r the above test, many foreign corporations that operated within the state faile d to reside in any South Carolina county for venue purposes. In such scenarios, a provision of the pre-2005 venue statute allowed "the action [to] be tried in a ny county which the plaintiff shall designate in his complaint," }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B86}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B86}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\fie ld {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F86 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN86]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 regardless of the location of the underlying dispute o r potential witnesses. This statutory provision failed to provide even the sligh test restriction on venue selection and thus permitted legislatively-sanctioned forum shopping. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B87}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1 zzFN_B87}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F87 } }{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN87]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } C. Effects of South Carolina's Previous Corporate Venue Methodology}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } South Carolina's pre-2005 venue statute and its judicial interpretation failed t o provide adequate limitations on corporate venue and thereby ignored substantia l competing interests in local adjudication. Both the broad interpretation of co rporate residence and the statute's application to non-resident corporations gav e plaintiffs broad discretion in selecting fora. By }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSD

UNumber15}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber15}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 interpret ing "resides" to include "owns property and transacts business," }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B88}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B88}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\fie ld {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F88 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN88]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 the supreme court strayed from the plain }{\f1 \fs20 \ b \cf1 *474}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 meaning of this term }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B 89}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B89}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F89 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN89]}}}{\f1 \ fs20 \cf1 and deprived corporate defendants of their right to be tried where th ey resided.}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } In addition, the unrestricted venue methodology disregarded the considerable int erests of local courts and communities. First, the overly-broad venue standards exposed plaintiff-friendly courts to a flood of litigation lacking any real conn ection to the forum county. As discussed earlier, Hampton County maintained a ca seload twice that of similarly-populated counties. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_ B90}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B90}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F90 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN90]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Forty-one percent of those cases concerned incidents occurring outsi de of the county. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B91}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Documen t1zzFN_B91}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F91 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN91]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Consequently, South C arolina's pre-2005 venue jurisprudence was damaging to judicial economy. Plainti ffs also often filed complaints in fora lacking any reasonable relationship to t he underlying dispute, forcing disinterested local citizens to bear the burden o f remote litigation while truly interested citizens lost their ability to monito r the proceedings.}\par \pard \qc \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } IV. Casting the First Stone: An Analysis of Whaley v. CSX Transportation, Inc.}\ par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 After twenty-five years of applying a n overly-extensive interpretation of the pre-2005 venue statute regarding corpor ate defendants, the South Carolina Supreme Court finally changed directions in W haley . }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B92}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B92 }{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F92 }}{\fldrs lt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN92]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 The Whaley court held that, for venue purposes, owning property and transacting business within }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber16}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber16}{\f1 \fs20 \ cf1 a county is insufficient to establish that county as a residence for corpora te defendants. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B93}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1z zFN_B93}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F93 }} {\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN93]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 In so holding, the court reverted to the earlier definition of "resides" and limited proper venue over f oreign and domestic corporations to any county where "a defendant corporation . . . (1) maintains its principal place of business or (2) maintains an office and agent for the transaction of business." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B94}\f1 \f s20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B94}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLIN K \\l Document1zzFN_F94 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN94]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } In Whaley, CSX Transportation employed the plaintiff, Danny Whaley, as a locomot ive engineer. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B95}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zz FN_B95}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F95 }}{ \fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN95]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 On May 20, 2000, Whaley w as traveling on his typical route between Greenwood and Laurens, South Carolina, when he was overcome by stomach cramps and nausea. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN _B96}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B96}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldins t {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F96 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN96]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 After paramedics transported Whaley to the local emergency room, a physician diagnosed him with heat exhaustion and dehydration. }{\*\bkmkstart Doc

ument1zzFN_B97}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B97}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F97 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN 97]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 After a failed attempt to return to work, Whaley discover ed he was unable to perspire when exerting himself, making it impossible for him to continue }{\f1 \fs20 \b \cf1 *475}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 in his job. }{\*\bkmkstar t Document1zzFN_B98}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B98}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\f ield {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F98 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf 2 [FN98]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Nearly three years later, Whaley began experiencing shortness of breath and dizziness, prompting the installation of a pacemaker in his chest. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B99}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_ B99}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F99 }}{\fl drslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN99]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Subsequently, Whaley filed a complaint against CSX in Hampton County, South Carolina, alleging that CSX negl igently failed to provide a safe working environment. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zz FN_B100}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B100}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fl dinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F100 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN100]} }}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } The facts relevant to venue indicated that Hampton County had no relationship wi th the underlying dispute and a negligible connection to either party. CSX, a fo reign corporation existing under Virginia law, maintained its }{\*\bkmkstart Doc ument1zzSDUNumber17}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber17}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 principal place of business in Florida. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B101}\f1 \ fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B101}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERL INK \\l Document1zzFN_F101 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN101]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 CSX neither operated any offices nor maintained agents for the transaction of business in Hampton County. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B102}\f1 \fs20 {\*\ bkmkend Document1zzFN_B102}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l D ocument1zzFN_F102 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN102]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 The plaintiff also had no apparent connection to Hampton County. Whaley's family ha d resided in Abbeville County for nearly 250 years. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN _B103}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B103}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldi nst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F103 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN103]}}} {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Moreover, Whaley typically worked from a CSX facility in Greenw ood County, and the alleged incident did not occur in Hampton County. }{\*\bkmks tart Document1zzFN_B104}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B104}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F104 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ ul \cf2 [FN104]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Consequently, locating the trial in Hampton C ounty was inconvenient for both parties. Although Greenwood County's court was o nly thirteen miles from the plaintiff's home, "Whaley's lawyer filed [the] compl aint six counties and 145 miles away in Hampton County, a jurisdiction generally perceived as favorable to plaintiffs." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B105}\f1 \f s20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B105}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLI NK \\l Document1zzFN_F105 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN105]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \ cf1 Moreover, no witnesses identified by either party lived in Hampton County. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B106}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B106}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F106 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN106]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 One witness for the plaintiff even admitted in his deposition that conducting the trial in Hampton County would be inconvenient for him. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B107}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Do cument1zzFN_B107}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zz FN_F107 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN107]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } The trial court denied CSX's motion to transfer venue, "finding that CSX was a r esident of Hampton County because it owned property and transacted business in H ampton county." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B108}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document 1zzFN_B108}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F10 8 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN108]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 In particular, CSX owned railroad tracks throughout the county and performed various hauling servic es for local businesses. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B109}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend

Document1zzFN_B109}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document 1zzFN_F109 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN109]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 The trial court also stated that CSX's "substantial and continuous contacts" within the co unty further supported venue. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B110}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bk mkend Document1zzFN_B110}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Doc ument1zzFN_F110 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN110]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Follo wing a one-million-dollar verdict for Mr. }{\f1 \fs20 \b \cf1 *476}{\f1 \fs20 \c f1 Whaley, CSX appealed the trial }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber18}\f1 \fs 20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber18}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 court's venue determinatio n, and the supreme court granted certiorari. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B111}\ f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B111}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HY PERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F111 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN111]}}}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 Subsequently, the supreme court reversed the trial court's ruling and determined that "CSX [did] not reside in Hampton County for purposes of venue, a nd therefore the case should not have been tried in Hampton County." }{\*\bkmkst art Document1zzFN_B112}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B112}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F112 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \u l \cf2 [FN112]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } In reaching its conclusion, the supreme court first held "the 'owns property and transacts business' test is no longer a viable test for determining whether ven ue is proper." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B113}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1 zzFN_B113}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F113 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN113]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 The test originated when prior opinions relied on language from a service of process and personal ju risdiction statute to interpret the term "resides" within the venue statute. }{\ *\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B114}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B114}{\f1 \fs 20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F114 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN114]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 One of those decisions had recognized the statutory construction principle that "[w]here there are different statutes in pari materia, though enacted at different times, and not referring to each ot her, they are to be taken and construed together as one system, and as explanato ry of each other." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B115}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Docum ent1zzFN_B115}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_ F115 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN115]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 In pari materia refers to principles dealing with similar subjects or "relating to the same matt er." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B116}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B116} {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F116 }}{\fldrs lt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN116]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Thus, the pre-Whaley venue cas es, without providing any justification, presumed that personal jurisdiction and venue concerned the same subject matter.}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } The court in Whaley determined that the doctrines of personal jurisdiction and v enue are not analogous, and that previous decisions incorrectly interpreted the respective statutes as complementary. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B117}\f1 \fs2 0 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B117}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F117 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN117]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf 1 }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber19}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNum ber19}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 There are several distinctions between the two. First, per sonal jurisdiction is a substantive right granted to a defendant and grounded in the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzF N_B118}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B118}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fld inst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F118 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN118]}} }{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 while venue is a procedural choice based entirely on the conve nience of the parties. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B119}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend D ocument1zzFN_B119}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1z zFN_F119 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN119]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Second, a mo tion alleging improper venue does not preserve the issue of personal jurisdictio n. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B120}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B120}{\ f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F120 }}{\fldrslt

{\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN120]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Thus, "if the defendant merely c hallenges venue, without asserting the affirmative defense of personal jurisdict ion . . . then the defendant has effectively consented to the district court's p ersonal jurisdiction." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B121}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend D ocument1zzFN_B121}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1z zFN_F121 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN121]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Finally, a c ourt can obtain personal jurisdiction over a properly served defendant without h aving }{\f1 \fs20 \b \cf1 *477}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 proper venue over that defendant . }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B122}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B122}{\f 1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F122 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN122]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Because jurisdiction and venue cl early address different concepts, South Carolina courts should not interpret the m jointly. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B123}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN _B123}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F123 }}{ \fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN123]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } The United States Supreme Court, applying a similar analysis to that of the Whal ey court, has refused to mesh the concept of venue with personal jurisdiction pr inciples. For example, in Robertson v. Railroad Labor Board }{\*\bkmkstart Docu ment1zzFN_B124}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B124}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F124 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [ FN124]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 the Court specifically distinguished venue from person al jurisdiction. The Robertson Court explained: "It is obvious that jurisdiction , in the sense of personal service within a district where suit has been brought , does not dispense with the necessity of proper venue. It is equally obvious th at proper venue does not eliminate the requisite of personal jurisdiction over t he defendant." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B125}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1 zzFN_B125}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F125 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN125]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Many state courts fo llow a similar line of }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber20}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmke nd Document1zzSDUNumber20}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 reasoning. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzF N_B126}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B126}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fld inst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F126 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN126]}} }{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 In State ex rel. Pagliara v. Stussie, }{\*\bkmkstart Document1 zzFN_B127}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B127}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\ fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F127 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN127 ]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 the Missouri Court of Appeals held the interpretation of "a gent" in the state's venue statute should not be governed by the definition of t hat term contained in the service of process statute. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zz FN_B128}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B128}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fl dinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F128 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN128]} }}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Consequently, the court refused to interpret the venue statut e by relying upon the service of process statute. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B 129}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B129}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldins t {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F129 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN129]}}}{\ f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } The Whaley court buttressed its argument for invalidating the "owns property and transacts business" test on the fact that there was no longer a statutory basis for imposing the test. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B130}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B130}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1 zzFN_F130 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN130]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 In 1981, th e South Carolina General Assembly amended the service of process statute. }{\*\b kmkstart Document1zzFN_B131}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B131}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F131 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs 20 \ul \cf2 [FN131]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 The amended version, which applied only t o domestic corporations, read as follows:}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li360 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (a) The registered agent appointed by any domestic corporation shall be the agent of such corporation for service o f any process, notice, or demand required or permitted by law to be served, and

such service shall be binding upon the corporation.}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li360 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (b) Whenever a corporation shall fa il to appoint or maintain a registered agent in this State, or whenever its regi stered agent cannot with reasonable diligence be found at the registered office, the Secretary of State shall be an agent of such }{\f1 \fs20 \b \cf1 *478}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 corporation upon whom any such process, notice, or demand may be ser ved. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B132}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B132} {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F132 }}{\fldrs lt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN132]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 The amended statute omitted an y mention of personal jurisdiction, and, more importantly, removed any reference }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber21}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumbe r21}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 to the ownership of property and transaction of business. }{ \*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B133}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B133}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F133 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN133]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Therefore, even if Whaley had not hel d that previous courts incorrectly relied upon the previous service of process s tatute in creating the "owns property and transacts business" test, the Whaley c ourt concluded that no statutory basis for the test remained after 1981. }{\*\bk mkstart Document1zzFN_B134}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B134}{\f1 \fs20 \ cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F134 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs2 0 \ul \cf2 [FN134]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } Although the Whaley decision was quickly superseded by legislation, it still has a significant effect on South Carolina law. The supreme court decided Whaley o n February 2, 2005, }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B135}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Docu ment1zzFN_B135}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN _F135 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN135]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 and the legisla ture did not enact the new venue statute until July 1, 2005. }{\*\bkmkstart Docu ment1zzFN_B136}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B136}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F136 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [ FN136]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Therefore, Whaley governs venue for all civil actions filed during that five-month interval. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B137}\f1 \fs 20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B137}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLIN K \\l Document1zzFN_F137 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN137]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \c f1 Whaley's invalidation of the "owns property and transacts business" test als o substantially reduced the number of potential venue options available to plain tiffs suing corporate defendants. The decision immediately reduced the potential for forum shopping and provided better protection of a corporate defendant's ri ght to be tried in the county where it truly resides. However, Whaley could pote ntially have an adverse effect on certain foreign corporations. Because Whaley n arrowed the definition of "resides" for venue purposes, fewer foreign corporatio ns will meet the residency requirements in South Carolina counties. Therefore, d uring the five-month period in which Whaley controls venue, more foreign corpora tions will qualify as non-residents and will be subject to the pre-2005 statutor y provision, allowing plaintiffs }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber22}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber22}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 unfettered discretion to sel ect a county in which to sue non-resident foreign corporations. }{\*\bkmkstart D ocument1zzFN_B138}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B138}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\fi eld {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F138 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf 2 [FN138]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qc \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } V. The Knock-Out Punch: South Carolina's New Venue Statute}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Several months after the supreme cour t decided Whaley, the South Carolina Legislature amended }{\field {\*\fldinst {H YPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&Doc Name=SCSTS15-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 section 15-7-30 of the South Carolina Code}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 , eliminating the pre-2005 venue stat ute's deficiencies and establishing adequate restrictions on }{\f1 \fs20 \b \cf1 *479}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 corporate venue. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B139}\f1 \f s20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B139}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLI

NK \\l Document1zzFN_F139 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN139]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \ cf1 The amended venue statute became effective on July 1, 2005, as a part of th e Economic Development, Citizens, and Small Business Protection Act of 2005. }{\ *\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B140}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B140}{\f1 \fs 20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F140 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN140]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Unlike the previous venue statute, the new }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs= dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS15-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 section 15-7-30}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 provides comprehensive definitions for all essential terms and more effectively promotes the rights of corporate de fendants and the convenience of all interested parties.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } A. Time Considered to Determine Proper Venue}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } The first significant change enacted by the new venue statute concerns the time period the courts consider when determining venue. The previous venue statute ba sed the determination of venue on circumstances existing "at the time of the com mencement of the action," }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B141}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmken d Document1zzFN_B141}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Documen t1zzFN_F141 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN141]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 while the new statute bases the determination of venue on circumstances existing "at the time the cause of action arose." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B142}\f1 \fs20 {\* \bkmkend Document1zzFN_B142}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F142 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN142]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Al though the change appears subtle, it can }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber23}\ f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber23}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 substantially affect both trial strategy and the rights of corporate defendants. For instance, deter mining venue based on the circumstances existing "at the time the cause of actio n arose" }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B143}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B 143}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F143 }}{\f ldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN143]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 can significantly reduce p ost-incident maneuvering by both parties. The statute of limitations in South Ca rolina for tort and contract actions is three years. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzF N_B144}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B144}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fld inst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F144 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN144]}} }{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Within that time period, market and economic developments coul d influence corporate defendants to reposition or expand the location of their b usiness. By determining venue "at the time the cause of action arose," }{\*\bkmk start Document1zzFN_B145}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B145}{\f1 \fs20 \cf 1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F145 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN145]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 the new venue statute prevents plaintiffs fr om waiting three years in hopes the corporate defendant will enter a plaintiff-f riendly venue. Moreover, the statutory change prevents corporate defendants from attempting to avoid litigation in uninviting counties by withdrawing their pres ence from those counties after a cause of action arises.}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } However, in some situations, basing venue on the circumstances existing "at the time the cause of action arose" }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B146}\f1 \fs20 {\*\ bkmkend Document1zzFN_B146}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l D ocument1zzFN_F146 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN146]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 cou ld hinder a corporate defendant's right to be tried in the county of its current residence. Many corporations may decide to relocate their businesses due to var ious market forces within the three years provided by the statute of limitations . In that scenario, venue would be proper in the county where the defendant prev iously resided, but not in the county of its current residence. As a result, pla intiffs could force corporate defendants into distant courts having little or no connection with }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber24}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Doc ument1zzSDUNumber24}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 their current location.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\f1 \fs20 \b \cf1 *480}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 B. Bases for Determining Proper Venue}

\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } The most significant modification to South Carolina's venue statute concerns the bases upon which courts determine proper venue. The pre-2005 version of the ven ue statute established venue in any county where a corporate defendant "resides. " }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B147}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B147}{\f 1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F147 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN147]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 In contrast, the amended statute provides specific, well-defined, and limited bases for establishing proper venue for both foreign and domestic corporations. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B148}\ f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B148}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HY PERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F148 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN148]}}}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 The amended statute establishes separate and distinct bases for determ ining venue depending on the nature of the corporation. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1 zzFN_B149}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B149}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\ fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F149 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN149 ]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Consequently, the new statutory provision cures the inheren t ambiguity and over-breadth of the previous venue statute and more effectively protects the rights of corporate defendants.}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } 1. Application to Domestic Corporations}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } As applied to domestic corporations, the new venue statute limits the number of available fora and effectively promotes the convenience of the parties. The rele vant portion of the statute states:}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li360 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (E) A civil action tried pursuant t o this section against a domestic corporation . . . must be brought and tried in the county in which the:}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } (1) corporation . . . has its principal place of business at the time the cause of action arose; or}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber25}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber 25}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (2) most substantial part of the alle ged act or omission giving rise to the cause of action occurred. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B150}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B150}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\f ield {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F150 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \c f2 [FN150]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Thus, the first basis upon which the new statute p redicates proper venue is the corporation's principal place of business. To avoi d ambiguity, the new venue statute expressly defines a corporation's principal p lace of business:}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li360 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (10) "Principal place of business" means:}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } (a) the corporation's home office location within the State from which the corpo ration's officers direct, control, or coordinate its activities;}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } (b) the location of the corporation's manufacturing, sales, or purchasing facili ty within the State if the corporation does not have a home office within the St ate; or}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } (c) the location at which the majority of corporate activity takes place if the corporation has multiple }{\f1 \fs20 \b \cf1 *481}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 offices . . . located within the State if the corporation does not have a home office within the State and has more than one . . . facility within the State. The following f actors may be considered when determining the location at which the majority of corporate activity takes place:}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } (i) the number of employees located in any one county;}\par

\pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } (ii) the authority of the employees located in any one county; or}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } (iii) the tangible corporate assets that exist in any one county. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B151}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B151}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\ field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F151 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \ cf2 [FN151]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } The definition of "principal place of business" ensures a plaintiff cannot }{\*\ bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber26}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber26}{\ f1 \fs20 \cf1 select a forum for purely self-serving motives and deprive a domes tic corporation of its right to be tried where it resides. Although the statute provides three alternatives for defining the "principal place of business," each subsequent alternative is predicated on the non-existence of the preceding cond ition. For example, subsection (b) defines "principal place of business" as "the location of the corporation's . . . facility within the State." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B152}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B152}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\f ield {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F152 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \c f2 [FN152]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 However, subsection (b) applies only "if the corpo ration does not have a home office within the State." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zz FN_B153}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B153}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fl dinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F153 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN153]} }}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 The vast majority of domestic corporations, by definition, wi ll maintain a home office within South Carolina and will be subject to venue onl y in that county. Therefore, the definition of "principal place of business" sub stantially limits plaintiffs' forum options regarding domestic corporations.}\pa r \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } Additionally, the new venue statute fundamentally adopts the Whaley holding, thu s providing a second layer of protection against forum shopping. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B154}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B154}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\f ield {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F154 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \c f2 [FN154]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Subsection H of the venue statute expressly declar es that "[o]wning property and transacting business in a county is insufficient in and of itself to establish the principal place of business for a corporation for purposes of this section." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B155}\f1 \fs20 {\*\b kmkend Document1zzFN_B155}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Do cument1zzFN_F155 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN155]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Howe ver, the statutory definition of principal place of business effectively preclud es application of the "owns property and transacts business" test, rendering sub section H technically unnecessary. The state legislature therefore considered th e Whaley rule sufficiently essential }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber27}\f1 \ fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber27}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 to the fair administrati on of justice as to warrant codification. Moreover, by expressly repealing the p revious judicially-created test, the legislature has avoided any potential for c onfusion in the application of the "principal place of business" definition.}\pa r \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } The new venue statute also allows a plaintiff to sue domestic corporations, as w ell as individual defendants, in the county where the "most substantial part of the }{\f1 \fs20 \b \cf1 *482}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 alleged act or omission giving ris e to the cause of action occurred." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B156}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B156}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \ \l Document1zzFN_F156 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN156]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Unfortunately, the statute provides no basis for determining where the most sub stantial part of the underlying dispute transpired. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN _B157}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B157}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldi nst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F157 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN157]}}} {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Naturally, plaintiffs and defendants will often interpret the p rovision differently, which may result in confusion and litigation. Nevertheless

, the application of the phrase "most substantial part" should be straightforwar d in most scenarios. The language contemplates fora possessing a close relations hip to the underlying dispute, and therefore eliminates locations having only a minimal or remote connection to the events. Consequently, fora selected under th e new venue provision should better promote the convenience of witnesses and the interests of local communities.}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } 2. Application to Foreign Corporations Possessing a Certificate of Authority}\pa r \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } The bases for establishing venue in suits against foreign corporations "require d to possess and possessing a certificate of authority" }{\*\bkmkstart Document1 zzFN_B158}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B158}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\ fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F158 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN158 ]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 are nearly identical to the bases for establishing venue in suits against domestic }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber28}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmk end Document1zzSDUNumber28}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 corporations. The provision controlli ng venue over foreign corporations with certificates of authority states:}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li360 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (F) A civil action tried pursuant t o this section against a foreign corporation required to possess and possessing a certificate of authority under the provisions of Section 33-15-101 et seq. . . . must be brought and tried in the county in which the:}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } (1) most substantial part of the alleged act or omission giving rise to the caus e of action occurred; or}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } (2) foreign corporation . . . has its principal place of business at the time th e cause of action arose. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B159}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B159}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document 1zzFN_F159 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN159]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 While the provisions concerning domestic and foreign corporations appear similar, the appl ication of the "principal place of business" test to foreign corporations will d iffer substantially from the test's application to domestic businesses. }{\*\bkm kstart Document1zzFN_B160}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B160}{\f1 \fs20 \c f1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F160 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN160]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Foreign corporations are less likely to mai ntain a home office within South Carolina. Therefore, the principal place of bus iness for foreign corporations will typically be where the corporation maintains a "manufacturing, sales, or purchasing facility." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_ B161}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B161}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldin st {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F161 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN161]}}}{ \f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } Additionally, the new venue statute provides detailed guidance for determining w hich facility controls venue because many foreign corporations operate multiple facilities within the state. When a corporation maintains several facilities, th e corporation's principal place of business is "the location at }{\*\bkmkstart D ocument1zzSDUNumber29}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber29}{\f1 \fs20 \c f1 which the majority of }{\f1 \fs20 \b \cf1 *483}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 corporate act ivity takes place." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B162}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Docu ment1zzFN_B162}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN _F162 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN162]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 To avoid unnece ssary complexity or ambiguity, the statute provides three factors for courts to consider when making this determination: "(i) the number of employees . . .; (ii ) the authority of the employees . . .; or (iii) the tangible corporate assets t hat exist in each county." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B163}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmke nd Document1zzFN_B163}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Docume nt1zzFN_F163 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN163]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Undeniab ly, opposing litigants will likely dispute the application of the factors and pa rticularly the weight given to each. Nevertheless, the new venue statute still p

rovides more guidance and more practical limitations on corporate venue than the pre-2005 venue statute. For example, by establishing venue in the county where "the majority of corporate activity takes place," }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B 164}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B164}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldins t {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F164 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN164]}}}{\ f1 \fs20 \cf1 the new statute should prohibit plaintiffs from bringing suit in counties where foreign corporations maintain a relatively minor presence. }{\*\b kmkstart Document1zzFN_B165}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B165}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F165 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs 20 \ul \cf2 [FN165]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Therefore, the amended provisions more ef fectively protects the rights of corporate defendants to be tried in the county where they reside.}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } Another noteworthy distinction between the statute's treatment of foreign corpor ations possessing a certificate of authority and domestic corporations is the or der in which the statute lists the different options for determining proper venu e. Unlike the domestic corporations provision, the provision governing foreign c orporations possessing a certificate of authority places the "most substantial p art of the alleged act or omission" option before the "principal place of busine ss" option. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B166}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzF N_B166}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F166 }} {\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN166]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Although the statute }{ \*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber30}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber30 }{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 provides no rationale for the difference, the change itself ind icates a legislative preference for establishing venue in suits against foreign corporations where the underlying dispute occurred.}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } One potential explanation for the distinction lies in the inherent differences b etween domestic and foreign corporations. The likelihood of foreign companies ma intaining a home office or residing in the traditional sense within South Caroli na is much less than that of domestic corporations. Consequently, foreign corpor ations potentially have a diminished right to be tried in the county where they reside. Therefore, favoring the county where the most substantial part of the un derlying incident occurred prioritizes the interests of local witnesses and comm unities ahead of foreign corporations.}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\f1 \fs20 \b \cf1 *484}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 3. Application to Foreign Corporations Lacking a Certificate of Authority}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } The new venue statute distinguishes between foreign corporations that have a cer tificate of authority and those that do not. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B167}\ f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B167}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HY PERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F167 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN167]}}}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 The provision governing the latter states:}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li360 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (G) A civil action tried pursuant t o this section against a foreign corporation, except a foreign corporation descr ibed in subsection (F) . . . must be brought and tried in the county in which th e:}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } (1) most substantial part of the alleged act or omission giving rise to the caus e of action occurred;}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber31}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber 31}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (2) plaintiff resides at the time the cause of action arose, or if the plaintiff is a . . . corporation, . . . at its principal place of business at the time the cause of action arose; or}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } (3) foreign corporation . . . has its principal place of business at the time th e cause of action arose. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B168}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend

Document1zzFN_B168}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document 1zzFN_F168 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN168]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Subsection s (G)(1) and (G)(2) have the same implications--and application--as the provisio n governing foreign corporations possessing a certificate of authority. However, subsection G includes one noteworthy distinction. Unlike other foreign corporat ions, those without a certificate of authority are subject to venue where an ind ividual plaintiff resides or where a corporate plaintiff maintains its principal place of business. One explanation for the distinction is that South Carolina l aw does not require foreign corporations to obtain certificates of authority if they maintain a minor presence or transact minimal business in the state. }{\*\b kmkstart Document1zzFN_B169}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B169}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F169 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs 20 \ul \cf2 [FN169]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 For those corporations, all South Carolin a counties will likely be equally convenient--or inconvenient--as potential fora for litigation. Furthermore, some foreign corporations transact business in Sou th Carolina without authorization, even though they are required to obtain a cer tificate of authority. The statute thus reflects the policy that corporations re fusing to adhere to the laws of the state should also have less protection under the laws of the state. Thus, in suits against foreign corporations lacking a ce rtificate of authority, the new venue statute appropriately places a plaintiff's interest }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber32}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1z zSDUNumber32}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 in a convenient forum ahead of a defendant's right to be tried where it resides.}\par \pard \qc \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\f1 \fs20 \b \cf1 *485}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 VI. The Overall Effects of South Carol ina's New Corporate Venue}\par \pard \qc \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Methodology}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Corporations and legal professionals throughout South Carolina should not underestimate the far-reaching effects of W haley and the amended }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Fi nd/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS15-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\f ldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 section 15-7-30}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . In particular, th e new venue statute has revamped the judicial landscape for civil litigation inv olving corporate defendants. Although its full impact cannot be immediately appr eciated, the statute represents a victory for foreign and domestic corporations looking to conduct business and receive fair trials in South Carolina.}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } One of the principal benefits of the new venue statute is its relative clarity a nd specificity. Unlike the previous statute--which was fraught with ambiguity--t he amended statute provides straightforward bases for determining proper venue a nd adequately defines all necessary terms. South Carolina courts can expect a su bstantial decrease in litigation regarding venue issues in suits against corpora te defendants. Additionally, the unambiguous nature of the new venue statute sho uld greatly benefit corporate defendants. Not only will corporations save litiga tion costs, but they can also operate their businesses in South Carolina without the uncertainty--and fear--of being forced to }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumb er33}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber33}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 litigate in di stant and unfriendly courts.}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } Second, the recent changes to South Carolina's venue jurisprudence will signific antly reduce forum shopping by plaintiffs. Under the pre-2005 venue statute and its subsequent interpretation, South Carolina amassed an embarrassing record reg arding venue selection in suits involving corporate defendants. Michael Freedman , in an article for Forbes magazine, remarked, "Most states don't allow this kin d of forum shopping." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B170}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Do cument1zzFN_B170}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zz FN_F170 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN170]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 In particular , many tort reform proponents often mention Hampton County as a mecca for forum shopping plaintiffs. The county maintains a caseload nearly twice that of other counties with comparable populations. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B171}\f1 \fs2

0 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B171}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F171 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN171]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf 1 Assuredly, Hampton County's caseload is not merely the result of an accidentprone population--non-resident plaintiffs file sixty-seven percent of lawsuits i n Hampton County, and forty-one percent of the cases involve events occurring ou tside of the county's borders. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B172}\f1 \fs20 {\*\b kmkend Document1zzFN_B172}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Do cument1zzFN_F172 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN172]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } Fortunately, the new venue statute provides significant limitations on the numbe r of potential venues for a given action and thereby reduces forum shopping. Now , both domestic and foreign corporations can anticipate suits only in counties h aving a substantial connection to the underlying dispute or to the corporation i tself. Local courts and communities will also benefit from the narrower venue st andards because local citizens and courts will no longer have to bear the burden of litigation unrelated to the local community. Plaintiff-}{\*\bkmkstart Docume nt1zzSDUNumber34}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber34}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 fr iendly courts can expect lighter caseloads, fewer cases having little or no conn ection to the locality, and, therefore, easier access to crucial evidence. Overa ll, the reduction of forum shopping will undoubtedly make civil litigation in So uth Carolina more efficient for all interested parties.}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\f1 \fs20 \b \cf1 *486}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Most importantly, the recent changes t o corporate venue should promote business development in South Carolina. South C arolina boasts the nation's sixth highest unemployment rate, }{\*\bkmkstart Docu ment1zzFN_B173}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B173}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F173 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [ FN173]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 and the Bureau of Economic Analysis ranked South Carol ina forty-third out of fifty states in per capita income. }{\*\bkmkstart Documen t1zzFN_B174}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B174}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\ *\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F174 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN1 74]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 In addition, the United States Chamber of Commerce Instit ute for Legal Reform "ranked South Carolina's liability system fortieth of the f ifty states overall." }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B175}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Do cument1zzFN_B175}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zz FN_F175 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN175]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Although the previous venue laws certainly were not the only basis for South Carolina's stagn ant economy, they certainly did not encourage economic growth. Such negative pub licity alone is detrimental to the state's economy. And fear of inconvenient fo ra and excessive verdicts could influence foreign corporations to avoid South Ca rolina completely, while domestic corporations may refuse to expand their existi ng operations into other counties. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B176}\f1 \fs20 { \*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B176}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\ l Document1zzFN_F176 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN176]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 } \par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } In particular, overly broad venue provisions are detrimental to the counties in the greatest need of economic stimuli. For example, Hampton County "is the tenth poorest of South Carolina's 46 counties" }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B177}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B177}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPER LINK \\l Document1zzFN_F177 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN177]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 and maintains an unemployment rate of 7.8%, nearly 1.8% above the state a verage. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B178}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B1 78}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F178 }}{\fl drslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN178]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 In }{\*\bkmkstart Document1 zzSDUNumber35}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber35}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 2000, Walmart developed plans to open a retail facility in Hampton County but, follow ing discussions with counsel, scrapped its plans and never built at that locatio n. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B179}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B179}{\

f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F179 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN179]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } The amended venue statute should diminish the concerns of foreign and domestic c orporations and help jump-start economic development throughout the state. The s tate legislature enacted the new venue statute as part of the Economic Developme nt, Citizens, and Small Business Protection Act of 2005. }{\*\bkmkstart Document 1zzFN_B180}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B180}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\* \fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F180 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN18 0]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 The title alone implies that the South Carolina Legislatur e considered changes in the venue law essential to the economic development of t he state. The significant reduction in forum shopping will increase corporate co nfidence in the state's judicial system and should spark economic growth. }{\*\b kmkstart Document1zzFN_B181}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B181}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F181 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs 20 \ul \cf2 [FN181]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Corporations will be able to develop new or expand existing operations throughout South Carolina without fear of subjecti on to an unjust judicial system. Consequently, foreign and domestic corporations are not the only parties that stand to benefit from the recent amendments to co rporate venue. South Carolina workers can also look forward to better job opport unities and a more stable economic environment.}\par \pard \qc \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\f1 \fs20 \b \cf1 *487}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 VII. Conclusion}\par \pard \qj \fi360 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 The forum chosen for the adjudication of a cause of action can significantly affect the outcome of the dispute and co nvenience of the parties. Unfortunately }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber36}\f 1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber36}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 for corporate defenda nts, South Carolina's pre-2005 venue statute and its broad judicial interpretati on allowed plaintiffs unfettered discretion to haul corporations into burdensome , plaintiff-friendly courts. However, South Carolina's recent attempts to "curb 'the abuses engendered by this extensive venue"' }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_B1 82}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_B182}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_F182 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN182]}}}{\f 1 \fs20 \cf1 have met their mark. The South Carolina Supreme Court's decision i n Whaley overturned an erroneous and overly-broad interpretation of the pre-2005 venue statute and protected corporate defendants' right to be tried where they truly reside. More importantly, the new venue statute effectively eliminates for um shopping and provides corporate defendants with confidence to transact busine ss freely throughout the state. South Carolina's new venue jurisprudence should help stimulate the state's economy and fulfill the true purpose of venue: promot ing the convenience of all litigants.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F1}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F1}{\f1 \fs2 0 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B1 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs 20 \ul \cf2 [FN1]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . See Press Release, Am. Tort Reform Ass'n, SC Supreme Court Decision Should Reduce Forum Shopping in Third Worst 1 (Feb. 3, 2005), http:// www.atra.org/show/7862 (stating that Hampton County is "the thir d worst jurisdiction in the United States for issuing plaintiff-friendly verdict s"); Michael Freedman, Home Court Advantage, Forbes, June 10, 2002, at 75, avail able at http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2002/0610/074.html (discussing a medical ma lpractice case where a Hampton County jury issued a verdict thirteen times above the national average).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber37}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber 37}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F2}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Documen t1zzFN_F2}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B2 } }{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN2]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . See }{\field {\*\fldins t {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530 &DocName=SCSTS15-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 15-7-30 (2005)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (amended 2005).}\par

\pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F3}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F3}{\f1 \fs2 0 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B3 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs 20 \ul \cf2 [FN3]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://ww w.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS15-9-210& FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 15-9-210 (2005) }}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F4}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F4}{\f1 \fs2 0 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B4 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs 20 \ul \cf2 [FN4]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . See }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=1980115553&ReferencePosition=775" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 In re Asbestosis Cases, 274 S.C. 421, 426-27, 266 S.E.2d 773, 775-76 (1 980)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F5}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F5}{\f1 \fs2 0 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B5 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs 20 \ul \cf2 [FN5]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://ww w.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePositi onType=S&SerialNum=1980115553&ReferencePosition=775" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 426, 266 S.E.2d at 775}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F6}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F6}{\f1 \fs2 0 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B6 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs 20 \ul \cf2 [FN6]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://ww w.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS15-7-30&F indType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 15-7-30 (2005)}} }{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (amended 2005).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F7}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F7}{\f1 \fs2 0 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B7 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs 20 \ul \cf2 [FN7]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Am. Tort Reform Found., Judicial Hellholes 2004, at 22 (2004), http://www.atra.org/reports/hellholes/2004/hellholes2004.pd f [hereinafter Judicial Hellholes].}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F8}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F8}{\f1 \fs2 0 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B8 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs 20 \ul \cf2 [FN8]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Brief of the Product Liability Advisory Co uncil as Amicus Curiae Supporting Appellant at 5-6, }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERL INK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&S erialNum=2006256470" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Whaley v. CSX Transp., Inc. , 362 S.C. 456, 609 S.E.2d 286 (2005)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (No. 01-CP-25-127) [her einafter Amicus Brief of Product Liability Council].}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber38}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber 38}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F9}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Documen t1zzFN_F9}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B9 } }{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN9]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {H YPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindTyp e=Y&SerialNum=2006256470" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 362 S.C. 456, 609 S.E. 2d 286 (2005)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F10}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F10}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B10 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN10]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=295" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 474-75, 609 S.E.2d at 295-96}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par }

}{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F11}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F11}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B11 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN11]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Daniel B. White, et al., Where Do We G o From Here? Recent Changes in South Carolina's Venue Laws, S.C. Law., May 2005, at 27, 30.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F12}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F12}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B12 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN12]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Economic Development, Citizens, and Sm all Business Protection Act of 2005, No. 27, \'a7 \'a7 3-4, 2005 S.C. Acts 107 (codified at }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Defaul t.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS15-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 \'a7 15-7-30}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 & -100 (S upp. 2005)).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F13}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F13}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B13 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN13]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . See }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS1 5-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 15-7-30 (2005)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (amended 2005), }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS15-730&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 15-7-30 (Sup p. 2005)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F14}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F14}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B14 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN14]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Steven Rineberg, Comment, }{\field {\* \fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB= 1236&FindType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=0283979549&ReferencePosition=1 064" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Twisted Currents: Navigating through Corpor ate Venue in Missouri and the Quest to Simplify Its Construction, 45 St. Louis U . L.J. 1055, 1064 (2001)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F15}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F15}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B15 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN15]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . William Wirt Blume, Place of Trial of Civil Cases, 48 Mich. L. Rev. 1, 1-2 (1949).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber39}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber 39}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F16}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Docume nt1zzFN_F16}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B1 6 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN16]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Id. at 3.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F17}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F17}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B17 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN17]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Fleming James, Jr. et al., Civil Proce dure \'a7 2.23 (4th ed. 1992) (citing Blume, supra note 15, at 7-8).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F18}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F18}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B18 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN18]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Rineberg, supra note 14, at 1064.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F19}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F19}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B19 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN19]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Id.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F20}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F20}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B20 }}{\fldrslt {\f1

\fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN20]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Id.; see also }{\field {\*\fldinst {HY PERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0113754&Find Type=Y&SerialNum=0281521719" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 77 Am. Jur. 2d Venu e \'a7 2 (1997)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 ("Under the common law, the venue of an acti on depended upon whether the action was local or transitory in nature." (citing }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1. 0&vr=2.0&DB=594&FindType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=1896005087&Referenc ePosition=846" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Little v. Chicago, St. P. M. & Ry . Co., 67 N.W. 846, 846-47 (Minn. 1896)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 )).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F21}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F21}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B21 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN21]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . James F. Flanagan, South Carolina Civi l Procedure 625 (2d ed. 1996).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F22}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F22}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B22 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN22]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Id.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F23}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F23}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B23 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN23]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0113754&FindType=Y&SerialN um=0281521747" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 77 Am. Jur. 2d Venue \'a7 25 (19 97)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber40}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber 40}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F24}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Docume nt1zzFN_F24}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B2 4 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN24]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Id.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F25}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F25}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B25 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN25]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Id. \'a7 2.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F26}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F26}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B26 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN26]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Black's Law Dictionary 1591 (8th ed. 2 004).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F27}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F27}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B27 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN27]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . See Gregory J. Swain, Annotation, }{\f ield {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr =2.0&DB=4087&FindType=Y&SerialNum=1996233797" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Pl ace Where Corporation is Doing Business for Purposes of State Venue Statute, 42 A.L.R.5th 221 (1996)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (stating "venue can be a critical select ion for litigants").}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F28}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F28}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B28 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN28]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Rachel M. Janutis, }{\field {\*\fldins t {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1235&Fi ndType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=0297574872&ReferencePosition=39" }}{\ fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Pulling Venue up By Its Own Bootstraps: The Relation ship Among Nationwide Service of Process, Personal Jurisdiction, and \'a7 1391( c), 78 St. John's L. Rev. 37, 39 (2004)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F29}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F29}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B29 }}{\fldrslt {\f1

\fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN29]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&FindType=Y&SerialNum=02975748 72" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 38.}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F30}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F30}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B30 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN30]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&FindType=Y&SerialNum=02975748 72" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 39.}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F31}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F31}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B31 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN31]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0102228&FindType=Y&SerialN um=0104501138" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 15 Charles Alan Wright, Arthur R. Miller & Edward H. Cooper, Federal Practice and Procedure \'a7 3801 (2d ed. 19 86)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber41}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber 41}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F32}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Docume nt1zzFN_F32}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B3 2 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN32]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Black's Law Diction ary 681 (8th ed. 2004).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F33}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F33}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B33 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN33]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Janutis, supra note 28, at 39.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F34}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F34}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B34 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN34]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Paul Laxalt et al., Nat'l Legal Ctr. f or the Public Interest, Venue at the Crossroads 20 (Steven R. Schlesinger ed., 1 982).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F35}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F35}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B35 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN35]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Janutis, supra note 28, at 39-40.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F36}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F36}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B36 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN36]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Amicus Brief of Product Liability Coun cil, supra note 8, at 25.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F37}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F37}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B37 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN37]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Janutis, supra note 28, at 39 (quoting Wright, supra note 31, \'a7 3802).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F38}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F38}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B38 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN38]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Id.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F39}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F39}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B39 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN39]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . See Amicus Brief of Product Liability Council, supra note 8, at 6 (stating that prior to 2005 Hampton County had a ca seload almost twice that of other counties with similar populations); Judicial H ellholes, supra note 7, at 21 (stating that in 2002, sixty-seven percent of laws uits in Hampton County were filed by non-residents, and forty-one percent concer

ned events that }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber42}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Docu ment1zzSDUNumber42}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 occurred elsewhere).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F40}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F40}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B40 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN40]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . See Laxalt et al., supra note 34, at 1 5 (asserting that forum shopping causes congestion in courts).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F41}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F41}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B41 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN41]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Id. at 26-27.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F42}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F42}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B42 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN42]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Id. at 27.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F43}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F43}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B43 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN43]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Janutis, supra note 28, at 39-40.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F44}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F44}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B44 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN44]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Laxalt et al., supra note 34, at 15.}\ par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F45}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F45}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B45 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN45]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Id.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F46}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F46}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B46 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN46]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Id. at 26.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F47}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F47}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B47 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN47]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Rineberg, supra note 14, at 1065.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F48}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F48}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B48 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN48]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&SerialNum=1 990124828" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Carroll v. Guess, 302 S.C. 175, 177, 394 S.E.2d 707, 706 (1990)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 ; see also }{\field {\*\fldinst {HY PERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType =Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=1991208026&ReferencePosition=407" }}{\fldrs lt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Blizzard v. Miller, 306 S.C. 373, 375, 412 S.E.2d 406, 40 7}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber43}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber43}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http:// www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePosi tionType=S&SerialNum=1991208026&ReferencePosition=407" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \u l \cf2 (1991)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (stating that defendants have a "substantial ri ght" to be tried where they reside); }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www .westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=710&FindType=Y&ReferencePositio nType=S&SerialNum=1938105876&ReferencePosition=381" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \ cf2 Rogers v. Montgomery, 188 S.C. 244, 247, 198 S.E. 380, 381 (1938)}}}{\f1 \fs 20 \cf1 (asserting that the right of defendants to be tried where they reside i s a substantial right (citing }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westla w.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=710&FindType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S

&SerialNum=1937105439&ReferencePosition=518" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Ros amond v. Lucas-Kidd Motor Co., Inc., 183 S.C. 544, 550, 191 S.E. 516, 518 (1937) }}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 )).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F49}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F49}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B49 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN49]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=1990124828&ReferencePosition=708" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Carroll, 302 S.C. at 177, 394 S.E.2d at 708}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F50}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F50}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B50 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN50]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . See }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=780&FindType=Y&Referen cePositionType=S&SerialNum=1939126098&ReferencePosition=168" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \f s20 \ul \cf2 Neirbo Co. v. Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp., 308 U.S. 165, 168 (1939 )}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (stating the procedural concepts underlying venue pose more significant problems when applied to corporations than to individuals).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F51}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F51}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B51 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN51]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Janutis, supra note 28, at 37; see als o Rineberg, supra note 14, at 1065 (stating that venue statutes serve to "protec t defendants from being haled into distant courts" (quoting Alan J. Lazarus, }{\ field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&v r=2.0&DB=1481&FindType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=0106498536&ReferenceP osition=66" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Jurisdiction, Venue, and Service of Process Issues in Litigation Involving a Foreign Party, 31 Tort & Ins. L.J. 29, 66-67 (1998)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 )).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F52}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F52}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B52 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN52]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS15-730&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 15-7-30 (200 5)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (amended 2005) (emphasis added). This section governs venu e for all civil actions filed in South Carolina with several narrow exceptions. For these specific exceptions, see }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.w estlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS15-7-10&Find Type=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann.}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\*\b kmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber44}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber44}{\f 1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Defaul t.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS15-7-10&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 \'a7 15-7-10 (2005)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (governing venue for a ctions involving real property) and }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www. westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS15-7-20&Fin dType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 15-7-20 (2005)}}}{ \f1 \fs20 \cf1 (governing actions for recovery of statutory penalties and forfe itures, and actions against public officers in the execution of their duties).}\ par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F53}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F53}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B53 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN53]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Id. }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS1 5-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 \'a7 15-7-30}}}{\f1 \fs20 \c f1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F54}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F54}{\f1 \f

s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B54 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN54]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . See }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=780&FindType=Y&Referen cePositionType=S&SerialNum=1939126098&ReferencePosition=168" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \f s20 \ul \cf2 Neirbo, 308 U.S. at 168}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (stating the procedural concepts underlying venue pose more significant problems when applied to corpora tions than to individuals).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F55}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F55}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B55 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN55]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . For a list of early South Carolina cas es establishing practical venue limitations, see }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&Refe rencePositionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=292" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Whaley v. CSX Transp. Inc., 362 S.C. 456, 468, 609 S.E.2d 286, 2 92 (2005)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F56}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F56}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B56 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN56]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=292" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 468, 609 S.E.2d at 292}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (citing }{\field {\*\f ldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=71 0&FindType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=1906011714&ReferencePosition=218" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 McGrath v. Piedmont Mut. Ins. Co., 74 S.C. 69, 71-72, 54 S.E. 218, 218-29 (1906)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 ).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F57}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F57}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B57 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN57]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&FindType=Y&SerialNum=20062564 70" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 468,}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\ fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=7 11&FindType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=292 " }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 609 S.E.2d at 292}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (citing } {\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0 &vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=1959125228&Reference Position=203" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Sanders v. Allis Chalmers Mfg. Co. , 235 S.C. 259, 265, 111 S.E.2d 201, 203-04 (1959)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 ).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber45}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber 45}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F58}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Docume nt1zzFN_F58}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B5 8 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN58]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldins t {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&Fin dType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=1941104660&ReferencePosition=314" }}{\ fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 198 S.C. 166, 172, 17 S.E.2d 312, 314 (1941)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F59}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F59}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B59 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN59]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=1941104660&ReferencePosition=314" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 172, 17 S.E.2d at 314}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F60}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F60}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B60 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN60]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http:

//www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=1941104660&ReferencePosition=314" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 172, 17 S.E.2d at 314}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F61}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F61}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B61 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN61]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=1941104660&ReferencePosition=314" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 172, 17 S.E.2d at 314}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (emphasis added) (quoti ng S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 434 (1932)).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F62}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F62}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B62 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN62]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=1941104660&ReferencePosition=314" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 172, 17 S.E.2d at 314}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F63}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F63}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B63 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN63]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=1948103738&ReferencePosition=853" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 211 S.C. 432, 439, 45 S.E.2d 850, 853 (1947)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F64}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F64}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B64 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN64]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=1948103738&ReferencePosition=853" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 439, 45 S.E.2d at 853}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F65}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F65}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B65 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN65]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=1948103738&ReferencePosition=853" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 440-41, 45 S.E.2d at 853}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F66}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F66}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B66 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN66]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=293" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Whaley v. CSX Transp., Inc., 362 S.C. 456, 470, 609 S.E.2d 286, 293 (20 05)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F67}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F67}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B67 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN67]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=293" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 470, 609 S.E.2d at 293}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (emphasis added) (quot ing S.C. }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber46}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zz SDUNumber46}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 Code Ann. \'a7 10-421 (Supp. 1964)).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F68}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F68}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B68 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN68]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http:

//www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=1968132641&ReferencePosition=616" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 251 S.C. 478, 480, 163 S.E.2d 615, 616-17 (1968)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\p ar \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F69}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F69}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B69 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN69]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=1968132641&ReferencePosition=616" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 480, 163 S.E.2d at 616-17}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (quoting S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 10- 421 (Supp. 1964)).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F70}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F70}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B70 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN70]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=1968132641&ReferencePosition=616" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 480, 163 S.E.2d at 616-17}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F71}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F71}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B71 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN71]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=1968132641&ReferencePosition=618" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 482, 163 S.E.2d at 618}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F72}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F72}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B72 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN72]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=1968132641&ReferencePosition=617" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 481-82, 163 S.E.2d at 617-18}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F73}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F73}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B73 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN73]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=1968132641&ReferencePosition=616" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 480, 163 S.E.2d at 616}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F74}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F74}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B74 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN74]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=1968132641&ReferencePosition=617" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Lott v. Claussens, Inc., 251 S.C. 478, 480-81, 163 S.E.2d 615, 617 (196 8)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F75}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F75}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B75 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN75]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=1968132641&ReferencePosition=617" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 481, 163 S.E.2d at 617}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F76}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F76}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B76 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN76]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo

sitionType=S&SerialNum=1968132641&ReferencePosition=617" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 482, 163 S.E.2d at 617}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber47}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber 47}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F77}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Docume nt1zzFN_F77}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B7 7 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN77]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldins t {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&Fin dType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=1968132641&ReferencePosition=617" }}{\ fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 482, 163 S.E.2d at 617-18}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F78}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F78}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B78 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN78]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&SerialNum=1 980115553" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 274 S.C. 421, 266 S.E.2d 773 (1980)}} }{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F79}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F79}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B79 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN79]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=1980115553&ReferencePosition=775" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 426, 266 S.E.2d at 775}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F80}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F80}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B80 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN80]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=1980115553&ReferencePosition=775" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 426, 266 S.E.2d at 775}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (quoting }{\field {\*\ fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=7 10&FindType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=1934105310&ReferencePosition=427 " }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Fishburne v. Fishburne, 171 S.C. 408, 410, 172 S.E. 426, 427 (1934)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 ).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F81}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F81}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B81 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN81]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&FindType=Y&SerialNum=19341053 10" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 426,}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\ fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=7 11&FindType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=1980115553&ReferencePosition=775 " }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 266 S.E.2d at 775}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F82}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F82}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B82 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN82]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=1980115553&ReferencePosition=775" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 427, 266 S.E.2d at 775-76}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F83}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F83}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B83 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN83]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=294" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Whaley v. CSX Transp., Inc., 362 S.C. 456, 472, 609 S.E.2d 286, 294 (20 05)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (quoting }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.west

law.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePositionType =S&SerialNum=1981134928&ReferencePosition=114" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 I n re Asbestosis Cases, 276 S.C. 579, 582, 281 S.E.2d 112, 114 (1981)}}}{\f1 \fs2 0 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F84}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F84}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B84 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN84]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Id. at 472, }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPE RLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y &ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=294" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 609 S.E.2d at 294}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (quoting }{\field {\*\ fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=7 11&FindType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=1981134928&ReferencePosition=114 " }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Asbestosis Cases, 276 S.C. at 582, 281 S.E.2d at 114).}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber48}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber 48}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F85}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Docume nt1zzFN_F85}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B8 5 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN85]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Id. at 472, }{\fiel d {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2. 0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePositi on=294" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 609 S.E.2d at 294}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (qu oting }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs =dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=1981134928&Re ferencePosition=114" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Asbestosis Cases, 276 S.C. at 582, 281 S.E.2d at 114).}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F86}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F86}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B86 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN86]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS15-730&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 15-7-30 (200 5)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (amended 2005).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F87}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F87}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B87 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN87]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . When litigation simultaneously involve d resident and non-resident corporate defendants, South Carolina's pre-2005 venu e statute expressly limited proper venue to counties in which the domestic corpo ration resided. Id. The South Carolina Supreme Court recognized a preference for venues appropriate for resident corporations over venues merely applicable to n on-resident corporations. Flanagan, supra note 21, at 623 (citing }{\field {\*\f ldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=71 1&FindType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=1980115553&ReferencePosition=775" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Asbestosis Cases at 426-33, 266 S.E.2d at 775-7 8).}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F88}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F88}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B88 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN88]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . See }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&Referen cePositionType=S&SerialNum=1981134928&ReferencePosition=114" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \f s20 \ul \cf2 Asbestosis Cases, 276 S.C. at 582, 281 S.E.2d at 114}}}{\f1 \fs20 \ cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F89}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F89}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B89 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN89]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . See Webster's College Dictionary 1145 (1991) (defining "reside" as "to dwell permanently or for a considerable time;

live"); see also }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/De fault.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=19 92146024&ReferencePosition=846" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Hitachi Data Sys . Corp. v. Leatherman, 309 S.C. 174, 178, 420 S.E.2d 843, 846 (1992)}}}{\f1 \fs2 0 \cf1 (stating that "words used [in a statute] must be given their plain and o rdinary meaning without resort to subtle or forced construction to limit or expa nd its operation").}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber49}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber 49}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F90}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Docume nt1zzFN_F90}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B9 0 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN90]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Amicus Brief of Pro duct Liability Council, supra note 8, at 6.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F91}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F91}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B91 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN91]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Judicial Hellholes, supra note 7, at 2 1.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F92}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F92}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B92 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN92]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&SerialNum=2 006256470" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 362 S.C. 456, 609 S.E.2d 286 (2005)}} }{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F93}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F93}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B93 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN93]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=295" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 474, 609 S.E.2d at 295}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F94}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F94}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B94 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN94]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=296" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 475, 609 S.E.2d at 296}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F95}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F95}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B95 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN95]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=290" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 465, 609 S.E.2d at 290}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F96}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F96}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B96 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN96]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=291" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 465, 609 S.E.2d at 291}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F97}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F97}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B97 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN97]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=291" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 466, 609 S.E.2d at 291}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par

\pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F98}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F98}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B98 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN98]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=291" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Whaley v. CSX Transp., Inc., 362 S.C. 456, 466-67, 609 S.E.2d 286, 291 (2005)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F99}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F99}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B99 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN99]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http: //www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePo sitionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=291" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 467, 609 S.E.2d at 291}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber50}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber 50}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F100}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Docum ent1zzFN_F100}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_ B100 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN100]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fl dinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711 &FindType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=291" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 467, 609 S.E.2d at 291}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F101}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F101}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B101 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN101]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Affidavit of Robert L. Love, Jr. a t 1, }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs= dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&SerialNum=2006256470" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Whaley, 362 S.C. 456, 609 S.E.2d 286 (No. 01-CP-25-127)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F102}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F102}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B102 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN102]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Id.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F103}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F103}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B103 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN103]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Brief of The American Tort Reform Association et al. as Amicus Curiae Supporting Appellant at 3, }{\field {\*\fldi nst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&F indType=Y&SerialNum=2006256470" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Whaley, 362 S.C. 456, 609 S.E.2d 286 (No. 01-CP-25-127)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 [hereinafter Amicus B rief of ATRA].}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F104}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F104}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B104 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN104]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&Referen cePositionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=291" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \f s20 \ul \cf2 Whaley, 362 S.C. at 465, 609 S.E.2d at 291;}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 see also Affidavit of Robert L. Love, Jr., supra note 101, at 1 (stating that "none of the alleged acts and/or omissions occurred in Hampton County").}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F105}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F105}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B105 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN105]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Amicus Brief of ATRA, supra note 1 03, at 3.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par }

}{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F106}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F106}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B106 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN106]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Affidavit of Robert L. Love, Jr., supra note 101, at 2.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F107}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F107}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B107 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN107]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Deposition of John Holman at 28-29 , }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa 1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&SerialNum=2006256470" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \c f2 Whaley, 362 S.C. 456, 609}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNum ber51}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber51}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\ fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=7 11&FindType=Y&SerialNum=2006256470" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.E.2d 286,} }}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 No. 01-CP-25-127.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F108}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F108}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B108 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN108]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&Referen cePositionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=295" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \f s20 \ul \cf2 Whaley, 362 S.C. at 473, 609 S.E.2d at 295}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F109}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F109}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B109 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN109]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . See Affidavit of Robert L. Love, J r., supra note 101, at 1 (stating that CSX owned tracks in Hampton County); Tr anscript of Record at 5, }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com /Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&SerialNum=2006256470" }}{\fl drslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Whaley, 362 S.C. 456, 609 S.E.2d 286, (No. 01-CP-25-12 7)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (stating that CSX provided services such as "hauling mater ials or dropping cars at local facilities" in Hampton County).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F110}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F110}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B110 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN110]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&Referen cePositionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=295" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \f s20 \ul \cf2 Whaley, 362 S.C. at 473, 609 S.E.2d at 295}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F111}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F111}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B111 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN111]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&Referen cePositionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=291" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \f s20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 467, 609 S.E.2d at 291-92}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F112}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F112}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B112 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN112]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&Referen cePositionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=300" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \f s20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 484, 609 S.E.2d at 300-01}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F113}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F113}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B113 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN113]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&Referen

cePositionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=295" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \f s20 \ul \cf2 Whaley v. CSX Transp., Inc., 362 S.C. 456, 474, 609 S.E.2d 286, 295 (2005)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F114}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F114}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B114 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN114]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&Referen cePositionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=295" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \f s20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 474, 609 S.E.2d at 295}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber52}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber 52}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F115}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Docum ent1zzFN_F115}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_ B115 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN115]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fl dinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711 &FindType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=1980115553&ReferencePosition=775" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 In re Asbestosis Cases, 274 S.C. 421, 426, 266 S .E.2d 773, 775 (1980)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (quoting }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLI NK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=710&FindType=Y&Re ferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=1934105310&ReferencePosition=427" }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Fishburne v. Fishburne, 171 S.C. 408, 410, 172 S.E. 426, 427 ( 1934)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 ).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F116}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F116}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B116 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN116]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Black's Law Dictionary 807 (8th ed . 2004); see also }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/D efault.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=2 000480435&ReferencePosition=375" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Joiner v. Rivas , 342 S.C. 102, 109, 536 S.E.2d 372, 375 (2000)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (stating that "statutes dealing with the same subject matter are in pari materia and must be construed together, if possible, to produce a single, harmonious result").}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F117}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F117}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B117 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN117]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&Referen cePositionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=295" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \f s20 \ul \cf2 Whaley, 362 S.C. at 474, 609 S.E.2d at 295}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F118}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F118}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B118 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN118]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . See }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLIN K "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=780&FindType=Y&Ref erencePositionType=S&SerialNum=1945114956&ReferencePosition=316" }}{\fldrslt {\f 1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Int'l Shoe Co. v. Washington, 326 U.S. 310, 316 (1945)}}}{\f1 \ fs20 \cf1 ( "[D]ue process requires only that in order to subject a defendant to a judgment in personam, if he be not present within the territory of the foru m, he have certain minimum contacts with it such that the maintenance of the sui t does not offend 'traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice."' ( quoting }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl? rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=780&FindType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=1941121795& ReferencePosition=463" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Milliken v. Meyer, 311 U. S. 457, 463 (1940)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 )).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F119}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F119}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B119 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN119]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h

ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0113754&FindType=Y&Ser ialNum=0281521718" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 77 Am. Jur. 2d Venue \'a7 1 (1997)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F120}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F120}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B120 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN120]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . K. Todd Butler, }{\field {\*\fldin st {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1190&F indType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=0304708293&ReferencePosition=1192" } }{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Appellate Practice and Procedure, 56 Mercer L.}}} {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber53}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Doc ument1zzSDUNumber53}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www. westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1190&FindType=Y&ReferencePositio nType=S&SerialNum=0304708293&ReferencePosition=1192" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Rev. 1185, 1192 (2005)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (quoting }{\field {\*\fldinst {HY PERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=506&FindType =Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=2004689854&ReferencePosition=1259" }}{\fldr slt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Palmer v. Braun, 376 F.3d 1254, 1259 (11th Cir. 2004)}}} {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 ).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F121}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F121}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B121 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN121]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Id.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F122}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F122}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B122 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN122]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&Referen cePositionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=295" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \f s20 \ul \cf2 Whaley v. CSX Transp., Inc., 362 S.C. 456, 474, 609 S.E.2d 286, 295 (2005)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 ; see also Wright, supra note 31, }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0102228& FindType=Y&SerialNum=0104501138" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 \'a7 3801}}}{\f 1 \fs20 \cf1 (declaring that if venue is improper, the action cannot be heard i n that court although jurisdiction exists).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F123}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F123}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B123 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN123]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&Referen cePositionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=295" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \f s20 \ul \cf2 Whaley, 362 S.C. at 474, 609 S.E.2d at 295}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F124}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F124}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B124 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN124]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=780&FindType=Y&SerialN um=1925125251" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 268 U.S. 619 (1925)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F125}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F125}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B125 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN125]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&FindType=Y&SerialNum=1925 125251" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 623.}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F126}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F126}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B126 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN126]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . See Swain, supra note 27, at 236 (

asserting that a minority of states equate venue principles with the test for pe rsonal jurisdiction).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F127}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F127}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B127 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN127]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=713&FindType=Y&SerialN um=1977115702" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 549 S.W.2d 900 (Mo. Ct. App. 1977 )}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber54}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber 54}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F128}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Docum ent1zzFN_F128}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_ B128 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN128]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fl dinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&FindTy pe=Y&SerialNum=1977115702" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 903.}}}{\f1 \f s20 \cf1 The court determined the standard definition for agent, "'a person aut horized by another to act for him, one intrusted with another's business,"' suff iciently applied for purposes of venue. Id. (quoting Black's Law Dictionary 85 ( 4th ed. 1968)). In contrast, the service of process statute relied on the more r estrictive definition of a general agent. Id.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F129}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F129}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B129 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN129]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Id.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F130}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F130}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B130 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN130]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&Referen cePositionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=295" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \f s20 \ul \cf2 Whaley v. CSX Transp., Inc., 362 S.C. 456, 474, 609 S.E.2d 286, 295 (2005)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F131}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F131}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B131 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN131]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&Referen cePositionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=294" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \f s20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 472, 609 S.E.2d at 294}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F132}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F132}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B132 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN132]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS1 5-9-210&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 15-9-21 0 (Supp. 1981)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . This amended version only referred to domesti c corporations, but the legislature established a new statutory provision, }{\fi eld {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr= 2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS15-9-240&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 15-9-240 (Supp. 1981)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 , which dealt exclu sively with foreign corporations.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F133}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F133}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B133 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN133]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&Referen cePositionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=295" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \f s20 \ul \cf2 Whaley, 362 S.C. at 472, 609 S.E.2d at 295}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Whal ey discusses }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Defau

lt.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS15-9-210&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 15-9-210 (Supp. 1981)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 , but the companion provision }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber55}\f1 \fs20 { \*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber55}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 regarding foreign corporations also removed any reference to jurisdiction or the "owns property and transacts business" test. See }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find /Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS15-9-240&FindType=L" }}{\fl drslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 15-9- 240 (Supp. 1981)}}}{\f1 \fs 20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F134}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F134}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B134 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN134]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&Referen cePositionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=295" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \f s20 \ul \cf2 Whaley, 362 S.C. at 472, 609 S.E.2d at 295}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F135}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F135}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B135 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN135]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=711&FindType=Y&Referen cePositionType=S&SerialNum=2006256470&ReferencePosition=286" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \f s20 \ul \cf2 Id. at 456, 609 S.E.2d at 286}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F136}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F136}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B136 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN136]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . See }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLIN K "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SC STS15-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 15-7 -30 (2005)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F137}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F137}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B137 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN137]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . White et al., supra note 11, at 31 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F138}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F138}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B138 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN138]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS1 5-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 15-7-30 (2005)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (amended 2005) (stating that "[i]f none of the partie s shall reside in the State the action may be tried in any county which the plai ntiff shall designate in his complaint" (emphasis added)).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F139}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F139}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B139 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN139]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . See }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLIN K "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SC STS15-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 15-7 -30 (Supp. 2005)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F140}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F140}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B140 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN140]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Act No. 27, \'a7 \'a7 3-4, 2005 S .C. Acts 107 (codified at }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.co m/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS15-7-30&FindType=L" } }{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 15-7-30}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 & -100 (Supp. 2005)).}\par

\pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber56}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber 56}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F141}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Docum ent1zzFN_F141}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_ B141 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN141]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fl dinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=100 1530&DocName=SCSTS15-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 15-7-30 (2005)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (amended 2005).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F142}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F142}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B142 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN142]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS1 5-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 15-7-30( C)(1), (D)(2), (E)(1), (F)(2), (G)(2) (Supp. 2005)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F143}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F143}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B143 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN143]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Id.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F144}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F144}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B144 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN144]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS1 5-3-530&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 15-3-53 0 (2005)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F145}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F145}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B145 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN145]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS1 5-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 15-7-30( C)(1), (D)(2), (E)(1), (F)(2), (G)(2) (Supp. 2005)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F146}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F146}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B146 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN146]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Id.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F147}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F147}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B147 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN147]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS1 5-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 15-7-30 (2005)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (amended 2005).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F148}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F148}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B148 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN148]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS1 5-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 \'a7 157-30(A)(1)-(8), (E)-(G) (Supp. 2005)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F149}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F149}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B149 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN149]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS1 5-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. \'a7 15-7-30(E)-(G)}}}{\ f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber57}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber

57}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F150}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Docum ent1zzFN_F150}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_ B150 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN150]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fl dinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=100 1530&DocName=SCSTS15-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. \'a7 15-7-30(E)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F151}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F151}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B151 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN151]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS1 5-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. \'a7 15-7-30(A)(10)}}}{\ f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F152}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F152}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B152 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN152]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS1 5-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. \'a7 15-7-30(A)(10)(b)}} }{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F153}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F153}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B153 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN153]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Id.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F154}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F154}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B154 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN154]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS1 5-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 15-7-30( H) (Supp. 2005)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F155}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F155}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B155 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN155]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Id.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F156}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F156}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B156 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN156]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS1 5-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. \'a7 15-7-30(C)(2), (D)( 1), (E)(2), (F)(1), (G)(1)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F157}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F157}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B157 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN157]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS1 5-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. \'a7 15-7-30(E)(2)}}}{\f 1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F158}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F158}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B158 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN158]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS1 5-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. \'a7 15-7-30(F)}}}{\f1 \ fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F159}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F159}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B159 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN159]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Id.}\par

\pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F160}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F160}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B160 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN160]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . See }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLIN K "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SC STS15-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 15-7 -30(A)(10) (Supp. 2005)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber58}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber 58}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F161}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Docum ent1zzFN_F161}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_ B161 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN161]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fl dinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=100 1530&DocName=SCSTS15-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. \'a7 15-7-30(A)(10)(b)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F162}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F162}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B162 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN162]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS1 5-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. \'a7 15-7-30(A)(10)(c)(i )-(iii)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F163}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F163}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B163 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN163]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Id.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F164}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F164}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B164 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN164]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Id. (emphasis added).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F165}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F165}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B165 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN165]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . See }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLIN K "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SC STS15-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 15-7 -30(A)(10)(c) (Supp. 2005)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F166}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F166}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B166 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN166]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS1 5-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. \'a7 15-7-30(E)-(F)}}}{\ f1 \fs20 \cf1 .}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F167}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F167}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B167 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN167]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS1 5-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. \'a7 15-7-30(F), (G)}}}{\ f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Foreign corporations described in subsection (F) are those "requ ired to possess and possessing a certificate of authority." }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530& DocName=SCSTS15-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. \'a7 15-730(F)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Since subsection (G) explicitly applies to foreign cor porations not covered by subsection (F), subsection (G) logically applies to for eign corporations not required to possess or not possessing a certificate of aut hority.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F168}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F168}{\f1

\fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B168 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN168]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "h ttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS1 5-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 Id. \'a7 15-7-30(G)}}}{\f1 \ fs20 \cf1 (emphasis added).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber59}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzSDUNumber 59}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F169}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Docum ent1zzFN_F169}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_ B169 }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN169]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . See }{\field {\ *\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB =1001530&DocName=SCSTS33-15-101&FindType=L" }}{\fldrslt {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 33-15-101 (1990)}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 (listing exceptions to the certificate of authority requirement).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F170}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F170}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B170 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN170]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Freedman, supra note 1, at 75.}\pa r \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F171}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F171}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B171 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN171]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Amicus Brief of Product Liability Council, supra note 8, at 6.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F172}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F172}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B172 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN172]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Judicial Hellholes, supra note 7, at 21.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F173}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F173}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B173 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN173]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Amicus Brief of ATRA, supra note 1 03, at 21 (citation omitted).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F174}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F174}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B174 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN174]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Bureau of Econ. Analysis, Personal Income by State and Region 2004- 2005, http://www.bea.doc.gov/bea/newsrelarchiv e/2005/spi0905.xls (last visited Oct. 9, 2005).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F175}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F175}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B175 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN175]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Amicus Brief of ATRA, supra note 1 03, at 23 (citation omitted).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F176}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F176}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B176 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN176]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . See id. at 23-24 (quoting Cindi Ro ss Scoppe, Editorial, There's a Lot More to Tort Reform than Arbitrary Caps (Tha nk Goodness), The State, Sept. 23, 2003, at A8 ("[W]hen the fear of litigation.. .starts affecting }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzSDUNumber60}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Do cument1zzSDUNumber60}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 business decisions, it starts affecting our already-struggling economy.").}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F177}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F177}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B177 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN177]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Freedman, supra note 1, at 76.}\pa r \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par }

}{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F178}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F178}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B178 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN178]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Id.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F179}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F179}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B179 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN179]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Id.}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F180}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F180}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B180 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN180]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Economic Development, Citizens, an d Small Business Protection Act of 2005, No. 27, \'a7 \'a7 3-4, 2005 S.C. Acts 107 (codified at }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/De fault.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1001530&DocName=SCSTS15-7-30&FindType=L" }}{\fldrsl t {\f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 S.C. Code Ann. \'a7 \'a7 15-7-30}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 & -10 0 (Supp. 2005)).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F181}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F181}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B181 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN181]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Amicus Brief of Product Liability Council, supra note 8, at 25 (stating that jury shopping "creates the impressio n that law and jurors can be manipulated to give unfair advantages to certain pa rties").}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } }{\*\bkmkstart Document1zzFN_F182}\f1 \fs20 {\*\bkmkend Document1zzFN_F182}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 }{\field {\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK \\l Document1zzFN_B182 }}{\fldrslt {\ f1 \fs20 \ul \cf2 [FN182]}}}{\f1 \fs20 \cf1 . Janutis, supra note 28, at 39 (quo ting Wright, supra note 31, \'a7 3802).}\par \pard \qj \fi0 \li0 \ri0 {\f1 \fs20 \cf1 {\pard \par } END OF DOCUMENT}\par \sect }}