Experiment no 12

Object: How to determination of Ash from given Coal sample. Appratuse: Silica Crucible,Tongs, Tube rods,Desiccator. Theory: It is the weight of residue obtained after buning a weighed amount of dry coal in an open crucible (in presence of oxygen of air) at 700oc 750oc in a furance the detail of procedure is same as in moisture determination. Calculation: Let the weight of empty crucible w1 gm Weight of the crucible + dry coal = w2 gm Weight of crucible = ash formed = w3 gm Weight of the dry coal sample taken = (W2 W1) gm Percentage of ash = wt of ash formed wt of dry coal taken 100 = w3 w1 w2 W1 100
(A) (B) (C)

Formation of Ash reduces the calorific value of coal. Ash causes hinderence in low of heat. Same times ash results in the formation of clinkers and thus produces trouble during burning, also the supply of air.

Experiment no 13
Object: How to determination of Fixed Carbon from given Coal sample.

Appratuse: Silica Crucible,Tongs, Tube rods,Desiccator. Theory: It is determined indertly by deducting the sum of total of moisture ash and volatile matter. Calculation: % of fixed C = 100 (% moisture + % of volatile matter = % of ash) higher the percentage of fixed carbon in coal the greater will be calorifice value. It is justified that carbon increases the calorifice value.