DEPARMENTOF TECHNICALEDUCATION

ANDHRAPRADESH
Name : N.Sanjeeva Rao
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Applied Electronics & instrumentation
Engg
Institute : Govt. polytechnic for women, srikakulam
Year/Semester : 1V Semester
Subject : Process Instrumentation –II
Sub. Code : AEI-405,
Topic : Flow Measurements
Duration : 50mts
Sub- Topic : orifice
Teaching Aids : PPT, Animations, photographs
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 Objectives

• Working principle of orifice

• Its advantages

• Its disadvantages

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An orifice plate with vena contracta
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 Working of orifice plate.

• The orifice plate is inserted in pipe line between two

flanges.

• The fluid flow through orifice causes increase in flow

velocity and decrease in the pressure .

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• At a particular position beyond the orifice plate the
velocity is maximum and pressure is minimum

• This position is called vena contracta.

• before the vena contracta the fluid velocity decreases

and pressure increases.

• It reaches to a position where the velocity and

pressure equal as upstream side.

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The volume of flow can be determined by the
equation –

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Where

Qv = Volume flow rate; m3 / sec

Cd = Discharge Coefficient

A = Area of the orifice plate; m2

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Pd = Differential pressure; pascals,

g = Accelaration due to gravity; m/sec2,

ρ = Density of a fluid; kg/m3,

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E = Velocity approach factor

• By knowing the values of Cd, E, A, g, ρ and Pd

the volume flow rate can be determined.

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Industrial application of orifice meter
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 Advantages

• Low cost

• High reliability

• Easy to install.

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 Disadvantages

• High Pressure loss

• Discharge coefficient is low compared to

venturimeter

• Poor accuracy

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 Summary

• We have discussed about

• Orifices plates

• Working principal of orifices

plate

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 Quiz

1. The orifice plate is used for measurement of

a) Liquids

b) Gasses

c) Wind

d) All of the above

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• The vena-contrata is

a) The velocity is minimum and static pressure

is maximum

b) The velocity is maximum and static pressure

is minimum

c) Both static pressure and velocity is maximum

d) Both static pressure and velocity is minimum

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 Frequently Asked Questions

1. Explain the principal of operation of orifice plate?

2. Write short notes on orifice plate?

3. List merits and demerits of orifice plate.

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