Anatomy and Phys|o|ogy

ancreas ls a glandular organ LhaL secreLes dlgesLlve and hormones ln humans Lhe pancreas ls
a yellowlsh organ abouL 7 ln (178 cm) long and 13 ln (38 cm) wlde lL lles beneaLh Lhe sLomach and ls
connecLed Lo Lhe small lnLesLlne aL Lhe duodenum MosL of Lhe pancreaLlc Llssue conslsLs of grapellke
clusLers of cells LhaL produce clear llquld (parcreal|c ju|ce) lral l|oWs |rlo lre duoderur lrrougr a corror ducl a|org
W|lr o||e lror lre ||ver. Parcreal|c ju|ce corla|rs lrree d|gesl|ve erzyres: lryplase, ary|ase, ard ||pase lral, a|org W|lr
|rlesl|ra| erzyres, corp|ele lre d|gesl|or ol prole|rs, caroorydrales, ard lals, respecl|ve|y. 3callered arorg lre erzyre-
produc|rg ce||s ol lre parcreas are sra|| groups ol erdocr|re ce||s, ca||ed lre |s|els ol Largerrars lral secrele lWo rorrores,
|rsu||r ard g|ucagor. Tre parcreal|c |s|els corla|r severa| lypes ol ce||s: a|pra-2 ce||s, Wr|cr produce lre rorrore g|ucagor;
oela ce||s, Wr|cr rarulaclure lre rorrore |rsu||r; ard a|pra-1 ce||s, Wr|cr produce lre regu|alory agerl soraloslal|r. Trese
rorrores are secreled d|recl|y |rlo lre o|oodslrear, ard logelrer, lrey regu|ale lre |eve| ol g|ucose |r lre o|ood. lrsu||r |oWers
lre o|ood sugar |eve| ard |rcreases lre arourl ol g|ycoger (slored caroorydrale) |r lre ||ver; g|ucagor ras lre oppos|le acl|or.
Fa||ure ol lre |rsu||r-secrel|rg ce||s lo lurcl|or proper|y resu|ls |r d|aoeles, Wr|cr car occur |r lWo rajor lorrs, lre d|v|s|or
oe|rg oelWeer juver||e orsels |r ralur|ly. Parcreal|c carcer ras a parl|cu|ar|y r|gr rorla||ly rale, ard pal|erls W|lr a lar||y
r|slory ol lre d|sease sorel|res rave lre parcreas reroved |l precarcerous cysls are preserl |r lre orgar.