I-HYRJE

ANALIZA MATEMATIKE I
I. HYRJE

Pjesa 1

1. Shprehjet racionale algjebrike

Prkufizimi 1. Shprehja

p ( x) = an x n + an1 x n1 + ... + a1 x + a0 ,
ku a0 , a1 ,..., an jan numra real, x numr real, quhet polinom (real).
Prkufizimi 2. Nse an 0, numri n quhet shkall e polinomit p( x). Simbolikisht shnohet

deg p ( x) = n.
N kt rast themi se polinomi p sht i shkalls s n t sipas x it.
Prkufizimi 3. Le t jen dhn polinomet

p ( x) = an x n + an1 x n1 + ... + a1 x + a0
q ( x) = bn x n + bn1 x n1 + ... + b1 x + b0 .

Polinomet p ( x) dhe q( x) jan identikisht t barabart ather dhe vetm ather kur
an = bn , an1 = bn1 ,..., a1 = b1 , a0 = b0 .
Pohimi Bezu. Gjat pjestimit t polinomit p ( x) me x a, a = const, mbetja sht e barabart me
p (a). Nse mbetja p (a) = 0, ather polinomi p ( x) plotpjestohet me x a.
Detyra 1. sht dhn polinomi p ( x) = 2ax 3 5ax 2 ax 6.
a) T caktohet parametri a ashtu q polinomi p ( x) t plotpjestohet me x 1, dhe t
caktohet hersi n kt rast.
b) T caktohet parametri a ashtu q gjat pjestimit t polinomit p ( x) me ( x 1) t
merret mbetja -10.
Zgjidhja.
a) (2ax 3 5ax 2 ax 6) : ( x 1) = 2ax 2 3ax 4a

2ax 3 m 2ax 2
3ax 2 ax 6
m3ax 2 3ax
4ax 6
m4ax 4a
6 4a
Pra r ( x) = 6 4a.
Duhet q mbetja t jet zero, pra 6 4a = 0 a =

3
. Pr kt vler t a s merret hersi
2

9
3
3
3
2ax 2 3ax 4a = 2 x 2 3 x 4 = 3x 2 + x + 6.
2
2
2
2
b) sht e qart se mbetja sht 6 4a. Kushti sht q mbetja t jet 10.
Pra 6 4a = 10 4a = 10 + 6 a = 1.

ANALIZA MATEMATIKE I

T thjeshtohen shprehjet racionale:

Detyra 2. a)

x
2 x 1 3 x(2 x)
+
+
;
x 3 x + 1 x2 2x 3

b)

2x + 1 1 2x
1
+
+ 2
.
x 4 x + 3 x x 12

Zgjidhja.
a)

x
2 x 1 3x(2 x)
x
2x 1
3 x(2 x)
x( x + 1) + (2 x 1)( x 3) + 3 x(2 x)
+
+
=
+
+
=
x 3 x + 1 x 2 2 x 3 x 3 x + 1 ( x + 1)( x 3)
( x + 1)( x 3)
=

b)

3
x 2 + x + 2 x 2 6 x x + 3 + 3 x(2 x) 3x 2 6 x + 3 + 6 x 3 x 2
=
.
=
( x + 1)( x 3)
( x + 1)( x 3)
( x + 1)( x 3)

2x + 1 1 2x
1
2x + 1 1 2x
1
(2 x + 1)( x + 3) + ( x 4)(1 2 x) + 1
+
+ 2
=
+
+
=
( x 4)( x + 3)
x 4 x + 3 x x 12 x 4 x + 3 ( x 4)( x + 3)
=

Detyra 3. a)

2 x2 + x + 6 x + 3 + x 2 x2 4 + 8x + 1
16 x
=
.
( x 4)( x + 3)
( x 4)( x + 3)

x2 + 2 3
1 3x x 2
:
+

.
x2 + x + 1 x 1
x3 1

Zgjidhja.

x2 + 2 3
1 3x x 2
:
+

x2 + x + 1 x 1
x3 1

x2 + 2 3
1 3x x 2
:
=
+

2
2
x
+
x
+
1
x

1
(
x

1)(
x
+
x
+
1)

x 2 + 2 3( x 2 + x + 1) + 1 3 x x 2
x2 + 2
( x 1)( x 2 + x + 1)
( x 2 + 2)( x 1)
:
=

2
2
2
x2 + x + 1
( x 1)( x 2 + x + 1)
2 x2 + 4
x + x + 1 3x + 3x + 3 + 1 3x x

( x 2 + 2)( x 1) x 1
=
.
2( x 2 + 2)
2

Detyra 4. a)

| x | +1
x2 + | x |

;
x 2 1 x 2 + 2 | x | +1

b)

| x 3 + 1| + | x 1|
.
x3 + x

Zgjidhja.
a) Duke u mbshtetur n prkufizimin e vlers absolute

x, x > 0

| x |= 0, x = 0
x, x < 0

merren rastet: 1) x 0; 2) x < 0.

1) Nse x 0 ather | x |= x. Kemi:
| x | +1
x2 + | x |
x +1
x2 + x
1
x( x + 1)
1
x
x + 1 + x( x 1)

=
+
=
+
=
+
=
2
2
2
2
x 1 x + 2 | x | +1 ( x 1)( x + 1) x + 2 x + 1 x 1 ( x + 1)
x 1 x + 1 ( x 1)( x + 1)
=

x + 1 + x2 x x2 + 1
=
.
( x 1)( x + 1) x 2 1

2) Nse x < 0, | x |= x, merret:

( x 1)
x( x 1)
1
x
( x 1) x( x + 1)
x +1
| x | +1
x2 + | x |
x2 x
=

=
2
=
2
2
( x + 1)( x 1)
x 1 x + 2 | x | +1 ( x 1)( x + 1) x 2 x + 1 ( x 1)( x + 1) ( x 1) 2 x + 1 x 1
=

x + 1 x2 x 1 x2 2x
=
.
x2 1
x2 1

b) Shprehjen e dhn e transformojm si vijon:

| x 3 + 1| + | x 1| | ( x + 1)( x 2 x + 1) | + | x 1| | x + 1|| x 2 x + 1| + | x 1| | x + 1| ( x 2 x + 1)+ | x 1|
=
=
=
.
x3 + x
x( x 2 + 1)
x( x 2 + 1)
x( x 2 + 1)

I-HYRJE

Gjat transformimit zbatuam vetin e vlers absolute | ab |=| a || b | si dhe faktin q x 2 x + 1 > 0 . Pra
| x 2 x + 1|= x 2 x + 1.
2

1 1
1 3
1
Shnim. x 2 x + 1 > 0 sepse x 2 x + 1 = x 2 + 2 x + + 1 = x + > 0.
2 2
2 4
2

N vijim detyrn e shqyrtojm n intervalet: 1) x ( , 1];

2) x (1,1];

3) x (1, +).

1) Nse x ( , 1], ather x + 1 0 | x + 1|= ( x + 1), x 1 < 0 | x 1|= ( x 1). Merret:

( x + 1)( x 2 x + 1) + (( x 1)) ( x 3 + 1) x + 1 x 3 1 x + 1 ( x 3 + x)
=
=
=
= 1.
x( x 2 + 1)
x( x 2 + 1)
x( x 2 + 1)
x( x 2 + 1)

2) Nse x ( 1,1], ather x + 1 > 0 | x + 1|= x + 1; x 1 0 | x 1|= ( x 1) = x + 1 = 1 x.

Merret

( x + 1)( x 2 x + 1) + 1 x x 3 + 1 + 1 x x 3 x + 2
.
=
=
x( x 2 + 1)
x( x 2 + 1)
x( x 2 + 1)

3) Nse x (1, +) ather x + 1 > 0 | x + 1|= x + 1, x 1 > 0 | x 1|= x 1.

Merret

( x + 1)( x 2 x + 1) + x 1 x 3 + 1 + x 1
=
= 1.
x( x 2 + 1)
x( x 2 + 1)

nse x (, 1]
1,
2
| x + 1| + | x 1| x x + 2
Prfundimisht mund t shkruajm
=
nse x (1,1] .
2
x3 + x
x( x + 1)
1,
nse x (1, +]
3

Funksionet e dhna racionale, t shprehen si shum e funksioneve elementare racionale

Detyra 5.

x
.
( x + 2)( x 3)

Zgjidhja.
Shprehjen e dhn e shnojm si vijon:

x
A
B
=
+
( x + 2)( x 3) x + 2 x 3
Merret
x = A( x 3) + B( x + 2)

x = Ax 3 A + Bx + 2 B
x = ( A + B ) x + ( 3 A + 2 B )
A + B =1
2
3
Merret sistemi
me zgjidhjen e t cilit merret A = , B = .
5
5
3 A + 2 B = 0
2
3
x
2
3
= 5 + 5 =
+
.
Prfundojm se
( x + 2)( x 3) x + 2 x 3 5( x + 2) 5( x 3)
Detyra 6.

x2 + 2
.
( x + 1) 2 ( x 2)

Zgjidhja.
Shprehjen e dhn e shnojm si vijon:

x2 + 2
A
B
C
=
+
+
2
2
( x + 1) ( x 2) x + 1 ( x + 1)
x2
Merret

x 2 + 2 = A( x + 1)( x 2) + B ( x 2) + C ( x + 1) 2

ANALIZA MATEMATIKE I

x 2 + 2 = A( x 2 2 x + x 2) + Bx 2 B + C ( x 2 + 2 x + 1)
x 2 + 2 = Ax 2 Ax 2 A + Bx 2 B + Cx 2 + 2Cx + C
x 2 + 2 = ( A + C ) x 2 + ( A + B + 2C ) x + (2 A 2 B + C )
A + C =1
1
2

Kemi sistemin A + B + 2C = 0 me zgjidhjen e t cilit merret A = , B = 1, C = .

3
3
2 A 2 B + C = 2

1
2
1
1
2
x2 + 2

1
Prfundojm se

+
.
= 3 +
+ 3 =
2
2
2
( x + 1) ( x + 2) x + 1 ( x + 1)
x 2 3( x + 1) ( x + 1) 3( x 2)

2. Fuqizimi dhe rrnjzimi

Detyra 6. T vrtetohet se shprehja

a 2 x a x 6 a x 1

2 nuk varet nga a, x.

a 2 x 4
2 a x

Zgjidhja.

1 a x 6a 2 x
1 ax
1
1
1
x 6
1
2
x
2
x
x
a a 6 a 1
a
ax 2
a
a
a
2
2

2
x
1
1
1 4a
2a x 1
2 a x
a 2 x 4
4
2

a2x
ax
a2x
ax
(1 3a x ) + 2a x (1 3a x ) 1 a x
1 3a x + 2a x 6a 2 x 1 a x
+
2
=
x
2 =
x 2
1 (2a )
2a 1
(1 2a x )(1 + 2a x )
1 2a x
2 x

(1 3a x )(1 + 2a x ) 1 a x
1 3a x 1 a x
1 3a x + 1 a x
2(1 2a x )
+

2
=
+

2
2
=

=
2 = 0.
x
1 2a
1 2a x
(1 2a x )(1 + 2a x ) 1 2a x
1 2a x 1 2a x

7
4
1
12
+
+
.
Detyra 7. Njehsoni

5 2 3 5 11 5 + 14
5 +1
Zgjidhja.

12
7
4
1
5 1
7
5+2
4
3+ 5
1
12
+
+
=

5 2 3 5 11 5 + 14 5 + 1 5 1
5 2 5 + 2 3 5 3 + 5 11 5 + 14
5 +1
12 5 12 7 5 + 14 12 + 4 5
12( 5 1)

1
1
=
+
+
=
+ 7 5 + 14 + (3 + 5)

54
9 5 11 5 + 14
4
5 1
11 5 + 14
= (3 5 3 + 7 5 + 14 + 3 + 5)
Detyra 8. Tregoni se

1
1
= (11 5 + 14)
= 1.
11 5 + 14
11 5 + 14

a
b
1
a ( a b)
+
, a, b > 0.
=

a+ b
a+ b
a + ab a ab

a + b 1

Zgjidhja.

a a a b +a b +b a

a
b a + b 1
a ( a b )
a ( a b )
+

=
a+ b
a+ b
(a + ab )( a ab )
a + ab a ab

a + b 1

=
=

a + b 1
a+ b

a + b 1
a+ b

a ( a b)
( a b )(a + b)

( a b )( a + b )

a ( a + b)
a ( a + b) a + b 1
=
a ( a b)
2
a ( a b)
a ab
a+ b
=

a + b 1 a b
a+ b

1
a+ b

I-HYRJE

Detyra 9. Nse a = (1 + 2) 1 ; b = (1 2) 1 t njehsohet vlera e shprehjes (a + 1) 2 + (b + 1) 2 .

Zgjidhja.

(a + 1) 2 + (b + 1) 2 = ((1 + 2) 1 + 1) 2 + ((1 2) 1 + 1)2

2

1+1+ 2
1+1 2
2+ 2
2 2
1

=
+ 1 +
+ 1 =
+
=
+

1+ 2
1 2
1+ 2
1 2
1+ 2
1 2
2

1+ 2 1 2
1+ 2 2 + 2 1 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 2 3 2 2
=
+
=
+
=
+
2 + 2 2 2
4+4 2 +2 44 2 +2 6+4 2 64 2

3+ 2 2
2(3 + 2 2)

3 2 2
2(3 2 2)

1 1
+ = 1.
2 2

3. Barazimet dhe mosbarazimet

Detyra 10. a)
c)

1 x
5 x
1

=
;
2 x( x 2) 2 x 2 4 x x + 2

1
2
3
+ 2
2
= 0;
y 9 y 6y + 9 y + 5y + 6
2

b)

x +1
1
2

=
;
3 x 2 x 3 x + 1 x(9 x 2 1)

d)

4x
1
6
=
+
.
2
3
2
1 + 6 x + 12 x + 8 x 1 4 x
2 + 8x + 8x2

Zgjidhja.
a)

1 x
5 x
1
1 x
5 x
1
1 x
5 x
1

=0

2 x( x 2) 2 x(2 x) x + 2
2 x( x 2) 2 x 2 4 x x + 2
2 x( x 2) 2 x( x 2) x + 2

(1 x)( x + 2) (5 x)( x + 2) 2 x( x 2)
(1 x (5 x))( x + 2) 2 x 2 + 4 x
=0
=0
2 x( x 2)( x + 2)
2 x( x 2)( x + 2)

(1 x 5 + x)( x + 2) 2 x 2 + 4 x
4 x 8 2 x 2 + 4 x
=0
=0
2 x( x 2)( x + 2)
2 x( x 2)( x + 2)

2 x 2 8
= 0 | 2 x( x 2)( x + 2), x 0, x 2, x 2 2 x 2 8 = 0 |: (2)
2 x( x 2)( x + 2)

x 2 + 4 = 0.
Por x 2 + 4 > 0 d.m.th. barazimi nuk ka zgjidhje.
b)

x +1
1
2
1
x +1
1
2

=
x(3 x 1)(3 x + 1), x 0, x

=
3 x 2 x 3 x + 1 x(9 x 2 1)
x(3x 1) 3 x + 1 x(3x 1)(3x + 1)
3
1
( x + 1)(3x + 1) x(3 x 1) = 2 3x 2 + x + 3x + 1 3 x 2 + x = 2 5 x = 1 x = .
5

c)

1
2
3
+ 2
2
=0
y 9 y 6y + 9 y + 5y + 6
2

1
2
3
+

= 0 | ( y 3) 2 ( y + 3)( y + 2), y 3, y 2
2
( y 3)( y + 3) ( y 3)
( y + 2)( y + 3)

( y 3)( y + 2) + 2( y + 2)( y + 3) 3( y 3) 2 = 0 y 2 3 y + 2 y 6 + 2( y 2 + 5 y + 6) 3( y 2 6 y + 9) = 0
7
y 2 y 6 + 2 y 2 + 10 y + 12 3 y 2 + 18 y 27 = 0 27 y 21 = 0 9 y 7 = 0 y = .
9
d)

4x
1
6
4x
1
6
=
+

=
+
2(1 2 x)(1 + 2 x)3
2
3
2
2
3
1 + 6 x + 12 x + 8 x 1 4 x
2 + 8x + 8x
(1 + 2 x)
(1 2 x)(1 + 2 x) 2(1 + 2 x) 2
4 x 2(1 2 x) = 2(1 + 2 x) 2 + 6(1 2 x)(1 + 2 x) 8 x(1 2 x) = 2(1 + 4 x + 4 x 2 ) + 6(1 4 x 2 )

ANALIZA MATEMATIKE I

8 x 16 x 2 = 2 + 8 x + 8 x 2 + 6 24 x 2 0 = 8.
Meq kemi arritur n nj barazi t pasakt prfundojm se barazimi i dhn nuk ka zgjidhje.
Detyra 11. T zgjidhen mosbarazimet:
a)

x 1
< 0;
x2 + 1

b)

( x 1) 2
> 0;
x +1

c)

( x 2) 2
0;
x+3

d)

| x2|
< 0;
x +1

e)

| x 1|
< 1;
x 1

f)

3x
< 3.
x+3

Zgjidhja.
a) Meq shprehja x 2 + 1 > 0 pr do x R ather q thyesa t jet negative n baz t ekuivalencs
4) duhet q x 1 < 0 x < 1.
b) Meq ( x 1) 2 0, x R dhe meq thyesa sht pozitive, ather numruesi nuk mund t jet zero,
d.m.th. x 1 0, pra x 1. Nn kt kusht emrues duhet t jet pozitiv, pra duhet q
x + 1 > 0 x > 1.
Pra x (1, +) \ {1}, q mund t shnohet x (1,1) (1, +).

-1

+ x

1
Figura 1

Pika x = 1 nuk sht zgjidhje e mosbarazimit.

c) Meq ( x 2) 2 0, pr do x R dhe meq thyesa sht negative ose zero duhet q
x + 3 < 0 x < 3. Pra x (, 3). Meq edhe x = 2 e plotson mosbarazimin prfundojm se
x (, 3) {2}.
d) Meq | x 2 | 0, pr do x R, s pari duhet q x 2. Po ashtu x + 1 < 0 x < 1. Pra, x ( , 1).
e) Pr x > 1 x 1 > 0 | x 1|= x 1, ather mosbarazimi shndrrohet n trajtn

x 1
< 1 1 < 1, q nuk sht e sakt.
x 1
Pr x < 1 x 1 < 0 | x 1|= ( x 1). Mosbarazimi shndrrohet n trajtn

( x 1)
< 1 1 < 1, q paraqet pohim t sakt.
x 1

D.m.th. do x (,1) sht zgjidhje e mosbarazimit.

f)

3x
3x
3x 3x 9
9
<3
3< 0
<0
< 0.
x+3
x+3
x+3
x+3

Meq numruesi sht negativ, ather q thyesa t jet negative duhet q x + 3 > 0 x > 3.
Detyra 12. T zgjidhen mosbarazimet e dyfishta:
a) 1 <

x 1
< 4;
x3

b) 2 <

x +1
< 2;
2x 3

c) 0

x 1
3.
4 x

Zgjidhja.
a) Kemi mosbarazimet:

x 1
x 1
x 1 x + 3
>0
x 3 > 1 x 3 1 > 0 x 3
~
~

x 1 < 4 x 1 4 < 0 x 1 4 x + 12 < 0

x3
x 3
x 3

2
x 3 > 0

3 x + 11 < 0
x 3

Zgjidhja e mosbarazimit (1) sht x 3 > 0 x > 3.

Mosbarazimi (2) sht ekuivalent me mosbarazimet:

(1)
(2)

I-HYRJE

(3 x + 11 > 0 x < 3) (3 x + 11 < 0 x 3 > 0)

(3x < 11 x < 3) (3x > 11 x > 3)

11
11
11

11

x < x < 3 x > x > 3 x < 3 x > . Pra x (,3) , + .

3
3
3
3

N nj grafik t prbashkt paraqesim bashksit e zgjidhjeve t mosbarazimeve (1) dhe (2).

11
3

+ x

11

x , +
3

Figura 1

11

Nga figura vrejm se x , + (Zgjidhja paraqet prerjen e bashksive t zgjidhjeve t

3

mosbarazimeve (1), (2)).

b) Kemi mosbarazimet:

5x 5
x 1
x +1
x +1
x + 1 + 4x 6
> 0 |: 5
>0
>0
2 x 3 > 2 2 x 3 + 2 > 0 2 x 3
2x 3
2x 3
~
~
~
~

x +1 < 2
x + 1 2 < 0 x + 1 4 x + 6 < 0 3 x + 7 < 0
7 3x < 0
2 x 3
2 x 3
2 x 3
2 x 3
2 x 3

(1)
(2)

Pasi t zgjidhet mosbarazimi (1) merret x (,1) , + .

2

3 7

Pasi t zgjidhet mosbarazimi (2) merret x , , + .

2 3

Bashksit e zgjidhjeve i paraqesim n nj grafik t prbashkt, dhe caktojm prerjen e tyre, q

paraqet bashksin e zgjidhjeve. Merret:

7
3

+ x

x (,1) , +
3

Figura 2

Prfundojm se x ( ,1) , + .
3

x 1
4 x 0
c) Udhzim. Mosbarazimi sht ekuivalent me mosbarazimet
4 x 13 0
4 x
13
Zgjidhja e mosbarazimit sht x 1, .
4
Detyra 13.

x
5
4x 5
.

= 2
2x x 1 2x + 1 x 1
2

Zgjidhja.
Edhe ktu barazimi sht i mundur nse 2 x 2 x 1 0 2 x + 1 0 x 2 1 0
Nga 2 x 2 x 1 = 0 merret x1/ 2 =

1 1 4 2(1) 1 1 + 8 1 9
=
=
.
22
4
4

ANALIZA MATEMATIKE I

D.m.th. x1/ 2

1 3
1
x1 1 x2
4
2

1
Nga 2 x + 1 0 x 2 1 0 merret x3 , x 2 1 0 x4 / 5 1.
2

Bashksia e zgjidhjeve t barazimit t dhn krkohet n R \ 1, ,1 .

2

x 1
1

Meq 2 x 2 x 1 = 2 x 2 = 2( x 1) x + merret
2 2
2

x
5
4x 5

= 2
2x x 1 2x + 1 x 1
2

x
5
4x 5

=
1
1 ( x 1)( x + 1)

2( x 1) x + 2 x +
2
2

x
5
4x 5

=
( x 1)( x + 1)(2 x + 1) x ( x + 1) 5( x 1)( x + 1) = (4 x 5)(2 x + 1)
( x 1)(2 x + 1) 2 x + 1 ( x 1)( x + 1)

x 2 + x 5( x 2 1) = 8 x 2 + 4 x 10 x 5 x 2 + x 5 x 2 + 5 = 8 x 2 6 x 5 12 x 2 + 7 x + 10 = 0
x1/ 2 =

7 7 2 4 ( 12)10 7 49 + 480
=

2( 12)
24

x1/ 2 =

7 529 7 23
7 + 23 16
2
30 5
=
x1 =
=
= x2 =
= .
24
24
24
24
3
24 4

Detyra 14. x 2 + | x + 3 | + | x 3 |= 4.5 | x | +6 .

Zgjidhja.
S pari shikojm se si zbrthehen vlerat absolute:

x + 3 0, x 3
x3
x + 3,
x 3,
x, x 0
| x + 3 |=
; | x 3 |=
; | x |=
.
( x + 3), x < 3
( x 3), x < 3
x, x < 0
N kt rast bashksia e numrave real R ndahet n kto intervale:
x (, 3) (3, 0) (0,3) (3, +)
I) Pr x (, 3) | x + 3 |= ( x + 3), | x 3 |= ( x 3) dhe | x |= x barazimi ka trajtn:

x 2 ( x + 3) ( x 3) = 4.5( x ) + 6 x 2 x 3 x + 3 =

45
9
( x ) + 6 x 2 2 x = x + 6 | 2
10
2

2 x 2 4 x = 9 x + 12 2 x 2 4 x + 9 x 12 = 0 2 x 2 + 5 x 12 = 0 x1/ 2 =
x1/ 2 =

5 25 + 4 2 12
22

5 + 11 6 3
5 11 16
5 25 + 96 5 121 5 11
=
=
x1 =
= = , x2 =
=
= 4.
4
4
4
4
4 2
4
4

3
Meq x1 = (, 3) mbetet se zgjidhja e vetme n kt rast sht x2 = 4.
2
II) Pr x (3, 0) merret: | x + 3 |= ( x + 3), | x 3 |= ( x 3) , | x |= x .

9
9
x 2 + x + 3 ( x 3) = ( x) + 6 x 2 + x + 3 x + 3 = x + 6 | 2 2( x 2 + 6) = 9 x + 12 2 x 2 + 12 + 9 x 12 = 0
2
2
9
2 x 2 + 9 x = 0 x(2 x + 9) = 0 x1 = 0 2 x + 9 = 0 x1 = 0 x2 = .
2

9
Pasi x1 = 0 (3,0], x2 = (3,0] prfundojm se x1 sht zgjidhje e barazimit.
2
III) Pr x (0,3) merret: | x + 3 |= x + 3, | x 3 |= ( x 3), | x |= x

x 2 + x + 3 ( x 3) =

9
9
9
x + 6 x 2 + x + 3 x + 3 = x + 6 x 2 + 6 = x + 6 | 2
2
2
2

I-HYRJE

9
2 x 2 9 x = 0 x(2 x 9) = 0 x1 = 0 x2 = .
2
Edhe ktu x1 = 0 [0,3) , d.m.th. se x1 sht zgjidhje e barazimit.
IV) Nse x (3, +), ather kemi: | x + 3 |= x + 3, | x 3 |= x 3, | x |= x.

x2 + x + 3 + x 3 =
x1/ 2 =

9
9
x + 6 x 2 + 2 x = x + 6 | 2 2 x 2 + 4 x = 9 x + 12 2 x 2 5 x 12 = 0
2
2

5 25 + 4 2 12
5 25 + 96 5 121 5 11
5 + 11
5 11 6
3
, x1/ 2 =
, x1 =
= 4, x2 =
=
=
=
=
4
4
4
2
22
4
4
4

Meq x1 = 4 (3, +) prfundojm se x1 paraqet zgjidhje t barazimit kurse x2 nuk sht zgjidhje e
barazimit.
Zgjidhjet e barazimit t fillimit jan B ( E ) = {4, 0, 4}.
Detyra 15. T caktohet natyra e zgjidhjeve t barazimeve, n varsi t parametrit m.

(m 2) x 2 (m + 1) x + m + 1 = 0 .
Zgjidhja.
a) (m 2) x 2 (m + 1) x + m + 1 = 0 . N kt rast a = m 2, b = (m + 1), c = m + 1 .
Varsisht nga dallori D = b 2 4ac dallojm kto raste:
I) Nse D = 0 barazimi ka zgjidhje reale t dyfisht.

D = b2 4ac = ( ( m + 1)) 2 4( m 2)( m + 1) = 0 m 2 + 2m + 1 4( m 2 m 2) = 0

m 2 + 2m + 1 4m 2 + 4m + 8 = 0 3m 2 + 6m + 9 = 0 3(m 2 2m 3) = 0 .
m1/ 2 =

2 4 + 12 2 16 2 4
2+4
2 4 2
=
=
, m1 =
= 3, m2 =
=
= 1.
2
2
2
2
2
2

II) Nse D > 0, barazimi ka dy zgjidhje reale t ndryshme mes veti, kjo d.m.th. pr

3m 2 + 6m + 9 > 0 3(m 2 2m 3) < 0 3( m 3)(m + 1) < 0

m

-1

-3

m +1

m3

(m 3)(m + 1)

d.m.th. pr m (1,3) barazimi ka rrnj t ndryshme reale.

III) Nse D < 0, barazimi ka rrnj komplekse t konjuguara.
d.m.th. pr 3m 2 + 6m + 9 < 0 3(m 2 2m 3) < 0 m 2 2m 3 > 0 .
Nga tabela vrejm se mosbarazimi vlen pr m ( , 1) (3, + ) .
Detyra 16. Caktoni vlerat e parametrit m ashtu q t plotsohet relacioni
6 <
Zgjidhja.
Nga kto relacione marrim se

2 x 2 + mx 4
< 4 , x R.
x2 x + 1

ANALIZA MATEMATIKE I

10

2 x 2 + ( m + 4) x 8
<0
2
2

1 1 1
2 x 2 + mx 4 4( x 2 x + 1)
2 x 2 + mx 4
2

x 2x + + 1
<0

x 2 x + 1 4 < 0

2 2 2
x2 x + 1
2
2
2
2
8 x + (m 6) x + 2 > 0
2 x + mx 4 + 6( x x + 1) > 0
2 x + mx 4 + 6 > 0
2
2

x 2 x + 1
x x +1
1 3
x +
2 4

2 x 2 + (m + 4) x 8
<0
2

1
3

x +

2 4
2
8 x + (m 6) x + 2 > 0
2

1 3
x +
2 4

Mosbarazimet e fundit vlejn kur 2 x 2 + (m + 4) x 8 < 0 dhe 8 x 2 + ( m 6) x + 2 > 0
2

1 3

(sepse x + > 0, x R ).
2 4

Zgjidhim n vijim vemas t dy jobarazimet:

2 x 2 + (m + 4) x 8 < 0
Kjo sht e mundur ather dhe vetm ather nse D = b 2 4ac < 0 , d.m.th

(m + 4) 2 4( 2)(8) < 0 m 2 + 8m + 16 64 < 0 m 2 + 8m 48 < 0 (m 4)(m + 12) < 0

m

-12

m + 12

m4

(m 4)( m + 12)

Pra m (12, 4)

(1)

Ndrsa nga relacioni i dyt kemi:

8 x 2 + ( m 6) x + 2 > 0 D < 0 (m 6) 2 4 8 2 < 0 m 2 12m + 36 64 < 0 m 2 12m 28 < 0

(m 14)( m + 2) < 0
m

-2

14

m+2

m 14

(m + 2)( m 14)

Pra m ( 2,14)

(2)

Nga (1) dhe (2) merret prerja e tyre si zgjidhje finale dhe ajo sht m (2, 4) .
Detyra 17. T zgjidhet barazimi bikuadratik

x2 + x 5
3x
+ 2
+4=0
x
x + x5
Zgjidhja.

x2 + x 5
1
x2 + x 5
x
+3 2
+4=0
+3 2
+ 4 = 0.
x + x5
x
x + x5
x
x
Zvendsojm

x2 + x 5
= t . Merret
x

I-HYRJE

11

4 + 2
3
4 16 4 1 3 4 16 12 4 2
= 1, t2 = 3.
=
=
t1 =
t + + 4 = 0 | t t 2 + 3 + 4t = 0 t1/ 2 =
t
2
2
2
2
x2 + x 5
= 1
2
2
x2 + x 5 = x
x + x 5 + x = 0 x + 2 x 5 = 0

x
Pra 2
~ 2
~ 2
~ 2
x + x 5 = 3 x + x 5 = 3x x + x 5 + 3 x = 0 x + 4 x 5 = 0

x
prej nga merret x1/ 2 =

2 2 6
4 6
= 1 1 6 , x3/ 4 =
x3 = 1, x4 = 5.
2
2

T zgjidhen barazimet iracionale:

Detyra 18.

2 x + 14 x 7 = x + 5.

Zgjidhja.

2 x + 14 0
x 7 0

x + 5 0

2 x + 14 x 7 = x + 5 |2

2 x 14
x 7

~
x 5
2 x + 14 2( 2 x + 14)( x 7) + x 7 == x + 5

x [7, + )
x [7, + )
x 7
~
~

2
3 x + 7 2 2 x + 14 x 7 = x + 5 2 x + 2 = 2 2 x + 14 x 7 |: 2 x + 1 = 2 x + 14 x 7 |
x 7
x 7
x 7
x 7
~ 2
~ 2
~ 2
2
2
2
( x + 2 x + 1) = (2 x 14 x + 14 x 98) x + 2 x + 1 = 2 x 98 x + 2 x + 1 + 98 = 0 x + 2 x + 99 = 0
x 0
x 7

~
~
2 + 20 18
22
2 4 + 4 99 2 4 + 396 2 20
=
=
x1/ 2 =
x1 = 2 = 2 = 9, x2 = 2 = 11
2
2
2

nga kjo shihet se zgjidhje e barazimit t fillimit sht vlera x=11.

Detyra 19.

2x + 2
x+2
7

= .
x+2
2 x + 2 12

Zgjidhja.
Zvendsojm

2x + 2
x+2 1
=t
= . Merret:
x+2
2x + 2 t

7 (7) 2 4 12(12)
1 7
t =
12t 12t 2 12 = 7t 12t 2 7t 12 = 0 t1/ 2 =
2 12
t 12
t1/ 2 =

7 49 + 4 144 7 49 + 576 7 625 7 25

7 + 25 4
3
=
=
=
t1 =
= , t2 = .
24
3
4
24
24
24
24

2x + 2 4 2
=

3
x+2
Ather
.
3
2x + 2
x + 2 = 4
Barazimi i dyt nuk ka zgjidhje.
Zgjidhja e barazimit t par sht

2 x + 2 16
=
9(2 x + 2) = 16( x + 2) 18 x + 18 = 16 x + 32 18 x 16 x + 18 32 = 0 2 x = 14 x = 7. .
9
x+2
Dhe pasi t provojm kt zgjidhje, prfundojm se kjo sht zgjidhje e barazimit t fillimit.
T zgjidhen barazimet eksponenciale dhe logaritmike:

ANALIZA MATEMATIKE I

12

Detyra 20. 5

2 x+2
5

2 x 5
3

=5

2 x 3
5

+4

2 x 2
3

Zgjidhja.
2x

2x

5 5 55 4 3 4

2x

5
3

2x

2x

2
3

2x

2x

2x

2x

5 1

5 5 55 5 5 5 5 = 4 3 4 3 + 4 3 4 3
2x
3
2x
5
2x
2x

1
2
2
1
1
5 5 5 5 5 5 = 4 3 4 3 + 4 3 5 5 5 52
=43
+

2
3
3
5 3
5
45

2x 5

55

52 5 53 1
3

2x

55

2 x 8
5

=43

53

=4

2x 3

=43

2 x 8
3

5
3

45

43 + 1
3

2x

4
5

= 5 5 5 5 + 4 3 4

2x 5

55

2x
1
55
45

1
3

55 1
5

2x

=43

2x

55 5

55

2x 3
+1
5

=43

4 +1

55

2x 5
+1
3

=43

2x

=43

5
3

45
2x 8

55

2x 8

=43

43 4

( 5 5) 2 x 8 = ( 3 4) 2 x 8 2 x 8 = 0 x = 4.

Detyra 21. ( x 2 x 1) x

= 1.

Zgjidhja.
Dallojm kto raste:

1 1+ 8 1 3
=
x1 = 2 dhe x2 = 1 . Nse provojm zgjidhjet e
2
2
tilla shihet se x1 = 2 e plotson barazimin.

1) x 2 x 1 = 1 x 2 x 2 = 0 x1/ 2 =

2) x 2 x 1 = 1 x 2 x = 0 x( x 1) = 0 x = 0 x = 1 . Provohet se x = 1 sht zgjidhje.

3) Nse x 2 x 1 = 0, n kt rast nuk kemi zgjidhje.
4) Nse x 2 x 1 > 0 dhe x 2 x 1 1 merret:

( x 2 x 1) x 1 = 1 ( x 2 x 1) x
2

= ( x 2 x 1)0 x 2 1 = 0 x = 1 merret x = 1.

Prfundimisht zgjidhjet jan: x1 = 1, x2 = 1 dhe x3 = 2.

Detyra 22. 1 + log x

4 x
= (log x 2 1) log x 10.
10

Zgjidhja.
(4 x)

1 + log x (4 x) log x 10 = (log x 2 1) log x 10 log10 x 1 + log x

= 2log x 1
10

4 x
log10 x + log10 x log x
= 2log x 1
10
4 x
log10
10 = 2log x 1 log x + log 4 x = 2 log x 1 log x 4 x = log x 2 log10
log x + log x
log10 x
10
10

log x

4 x
x2
4 x x2
= log x
=
x(4 x) = x 2 4 x x 2 = x 2 x = 0 x = 2.
10
10
10
10

Meq x > 0 (nga kushtet e fillimit) prfundojm se x = 2 sht zgjidhja e krkuar.

T zgjidhen mosbarazimet eksponenciale dhe logaritmike:
Detyra 23. log 1 (5 + 4 x x 2 ) > 3
2

Zgjidhja.
3

1
2
2
5 + 4 x x <
5 + 4 x x > 0
1

log 1 (5 + 4 x x 2 ) > 3 log 1 (5 + 4 x x 2 ) > log 1

2
2
5 + 4 x x < 8
2
2
2 2
5 + 4 x x 2 > 0

I-HYRJE

13

5 + 4 x x 2 > 0
x 2 + 4 x + 5 > 0
2
2
.
x + 4 x + 5 8 < 0
x + 4 x 3 < 0
Duke zgjidhur barazimin x 2 + 4 x + 5 = 0 merret x1/ 2 =

4 16 4(1)5 4 6
x1 = 1, x2 = 5.
=
2
2

Duke zgjidhur barazimin x 2 + 4 x 3 = 0 merret x3/ 4 =

4 16 4(1)(3) 4 16 12 4 2
=
=
2(1)
2
2

x3 = 1, x4 = 3.
x 2 + 4 x + 5 > 0 , sht

Zgjidhja e mosbarazimit

x (1,5) , kurse zgjidhja e mosbarazimit

x + 4 x 3 < 0 sht x (,1) (3, +).

2

Zgjidhja e mosbarazimit t fillimit q merret si prerje e tyre, sht x (1,1) (3,5).

Detyra 24 log x ( x 1) 2.
Zgjidhja.
Dallojm dy raste themelore:
I) Nse baza > 1;

II) Nse baza sht mes 0 e 1.

I) Nse x > 1, ather

log x ( x 1) 2 log x ( x 1) log x x 2 ( x 1) x 2

si dhe kushti ndikues x 1 > 0 .

x > 1
x > 1
x 1 > 0 x > 1

2
Pra kemi

~ 2
~ 2
1
1 1
1 3
2

x
x 1 x x x +1 0 x 2 x + +1 0

+ 0
2
4 4

2 4

Gj q nuk sht e mundur.

II) Nse 0 < x < 1 log x ( x 1) 2 log x ( x 1) log x x 2 x 1 < x 2 x 2 x + 1 > 0 mosbarazim ky q
vlen pr do x , prkatsisht x (0,1)
Mirpo kushtet e prkufizimit t funksionit log x ( x 1),
x 1 > 0 x > 1.

na japin se kjo vlen vetm pr

Prfundojm se mosbarazimi nuk ka zgjidhje.

4. Paraqitja grafike e funksioneve lineare, kuadratike,

ekspoenciale dhe logaritmike
T paraqiten grafikisht funksionet:
Detyra 25. y = 2 x + 3.
Zgjidhja.

0 1

3
2
1

y = 2 x + 3

3 1

Caktojm dy pika t drejtzs (figura 3).

y = 2 x + 3

3
2

Merret A(0, 3), B(1,1)

Figura 3

ANALIZA MATEMATIKE I

14

Detyra 26. a) y = x 1 +

x( x 2 4)
;
| x2 4 |

b) y =

| x 1| + | x + 1|
;
2

c) y = x | x | +

x2
.
| x 2|

Zgjidhja.
a) Funksionin e dhn e paraqesim n trajtn:

y = x 1+

x( x 2)( x + 2)
.
| x 2 || x + 2 |

Vrejm se funksioni nuk sht i prkufizuar n pikat x = 2.

Tani funksionin e shqyrtojm n rastet 1) x (, 2);

2) x (2, 2);

3) x (2, +).

1) Nse x (, 2) ather x 2 < 0 | x 2 |= ( x 2) , x + 2 < 0 | x + 2 |= ( x + 2).

Pra y = x 1 +

x( x 2)( x + 2)
= x 1 + x = 2 x 1.
( ( x 2))(( x + 2))

2) Nse x (2, 2); ather x 2 < 0 | x 2 |= ( x 2), x + 2 > 0 | x + 2 |= x + 2.

D.m.th. y = x 1 +

x( x 2)( x + 2)
= x 1 x = 1.
( ( x 2)( x + 2))

3) Nse x (2, +) x 2 > 0 | x 2 |= x 2; x + 2 > 0 | x + 2 |= x + 2.

D.m.th. y = x 1 +

x( x 2)( x + 2)
y = x 1 + x y = 2 x 1.
( x 2)( x + 2))

2 x 1, x ( , 2) (2, +)
Paraqesim grafikisht funksionin y =
(figura 4)
1, x (2.2)
x, x (, 1]

(figura 5)
b) y = 1, x [1,1]
x, x (1, +)

y
5

2 x 1, x (, 0]

c) y = 1, x (0.2)
(figura 6)
1, x (2, +)

y = 2x 1

y =1

y = x

-2 -1
1 23

y = 1

1 y =1

y=x

-1

0
-1

-1

-5

y = 2x 1

-3
y = 2x 1

Figura 4

Figura 5

Figura 6

Detyra 27. a) y = x 2 3 | x |;

b) y = x 2 + 2 | x |;

c) y =| x 2 x | + x.

Zgjidhja.
a) Pr x 0, | x |= x prandaj y = x 2 3x. Pr x < 0, | x |= x prandaj y = x 2 + 3x.
2
x 3 x, x 0
D.m.th. y = 2
x + 3 x, x < 0

Le t paraqesim s pari grafikun y = x 2 3x, x 0.

I-HYRJE

15

3 9
Zerot e grafikut jan: x = 0; x = 3; K , (figura 7).
2 4

y
3
2

3
2

-3

Figura 7

3
2

x -3

9
4

3
2

9
4

3 x

Figura 8

9
4

Figura 9

Paraqesim n vijim funksionin y = x 3 + 3x; x < 0.

3 9
Zerot e funksionit x = 0; x = 3 (por x < 0 d.m.th. kemi vetm x = 3, K , (figura 8).
2 4
Duke kombinuar grafikt e funksioneve (figura 7, 8) merret grafiku i funksionit (figura 9).

x 2 + 2 x, x 0
(fig.10)
b) Udhzim. Pr x 0; | x |= x; y = x 2 + 2 x. Pr x < 0; | x |= x; y = x 2 2 x . Pra y = 2
x 2 x, x < 0
c) Funksionin e dhn e paraqesim n trajtn

y =| x 2 x | + x =| x( x 1) | + x =| x || x 1| + x.
Dallojm rastet: 1) x (,0]; 2) x (0,1]; 3) x (0, +).
1) Nse x (, 0]; | x |= x; x 1 < 0 | x 1|= ( x 1) = 1 x. Merret y = x(1 x) + x = x + x 2 + x = x 2 .
2) Nse x (0,1]; | x |= x; x 1 < 0 | x 1|= 1 x. Merret y = x(1 x) + x = x 2 + 2 x.
3) Nse x (0, +); | x |= x; x 1 > 0 | x 1|= x 1. Merret y = x( x 1) + x = x 2 x + x = x 2 .
2
x , x (, 0] [1, )
D.m.th. kemi funksionin y = 2
(figura 11)
x + 2 x, x (0,1]

y
y = x2 + 2 | x |

-2 -1 0

y = x2

-1

Figura 10.

d) y = 2

x2

x2
x

2;

Figura 11.

b) y = 2

y = x2 + 2 x

-1

Detyra 28. a) y = 2

x2

e) y = 3x |x| ;

c) y =| 2 x 1|;
f) y =| 2| x| 1| .

Zgjidhja.
a) y = 2

x2

x
2 , x 0
= 2|x| = x
(fig.12)
2 , x < 0

b) y = 2

x2

x
2 , x 0
= 2|x| = x
(fig.13)
2 , x < 0

ANALIZA MATEMATIKE I

16

y = 2 x

y = 2x

y4

1
-2

y = 2x

-1 0

-2

y = 2 x

-1 0

Figura 12

Figura 13

c) S pari shprehjen 2 x 1 e barazojm me zero dhe caktojm x in. sht e qart se 2 x 1 = 0

2 x = 20 x = 0.
D.m.th. detyrn duhet shqyrtuar sipas rasteve:
1) Nse x (, 0] ather 2 x 1 0 | 2 x 1|= (2 x 1) = 1 2 x.
2) Nse x (0, +) ather 2 x 1 > 0 | 2 x 1|= 2 x 1.
x
1 2 , x 0
D.m.th. kemi funksionin (figura 14) y = x
2 1, x > 0

xx
2 , x > 0 2, x > 0
= 1
. (Funksioni i dhn nuk sht i prkufizuar n pikn x = 0)
d) y = 2 2 = x
2 x , x < 0 2 , x < 0

| x|
x

(figura 15)
Udhzim.
e) Pr x 0; | x |= x, d.m.th. y = 3x x = 30 = 1. Pr x < 0; | x |= x y = 32 x = 9 x.
f) Dallojm rastet 1) x 0; 2) x < 0.
1) Nse x 0 ather | x |= x, prandaj y =| 2 x 1| . Pr x 0 edhe 2 x 1 0 prandaj | 2 x 1|= 2 x 1.
Pra y = 2 x 1.
2) Nse x < 0; | x |= x, prandaj y =| 2 x 1| . Pr x < 0; 2 x 1 > 0 prandaj | 2 x 1|= 2 x 1.
Pra y = 2 x 1.

2 x 1, x 0
D.m.th. y = x
2 1, x < 0

y
y = 2 1
x

y = 1 2x

13

4
1
2

-2

-1

0
-1

1
2

0
Figura 14

Detyra 29.

a) y = log 2 x 1;

Figura 15

b) y = log 1 x + 1;
3

Zgjidhja.

c) y = log 2 ( x + 1).

I-HYRJE

17

a)

b)
x

y = log 2 x 1

1
2
2

1
4
3

y = log 1 x + 1 0

1
3
2

c)
x

y = log 2 ( x + 1)

1
3

2
4
-1 -2

Grafikt e funksioneve jan paraqitur n figurat 16, 17, 18, prkatsisht

y

y
2

y = log 2 x 1

1
-1

y = log 2 ( x + 1)

1
1 1

-2

3 1

4 3

-1

-2

y = log 1 x + 1
3

Figura 16

Figura 17

Figura 18

5. Trigonometria
l
(radian) ku l
r
sht gjatsia e harkut rrethor q i prgjigjet kndit qendror dhe r sht rrezja e
rrethit. (shih figurn 19).

Prkufizimi 1. Masa e nj kndi e shprehur n radian jepet me formuln =

l
r

Figura 19

Figura 20

Le t shprehim kndin 360 o n radian. N kt rast l sht perimetri i rrethit, pra l = 2 r , kshtu
l 2r
= =
= 2 . Pra 360 o = 2 radian, d.m.th. 180 o = radian.
r
r
Shnimi 1. Shohim se pr l = r kemi kndin = 1 radian, pra mund t themi:
Kndi me kulm n qendr t rrethit, gjatsia e harkut t t cilit sht e barabart
me rrezen e rrethit sht 1 radian (shih figurn 20).
Shnimi 2. Nga ajo q u tha m sipr tregohet leht se pr t shndrruar kndin nga shkallt n

, pra =
( sht kndi i dhn i shprehur
radian, at e shumzojm me
o
180
180 o

ANALIZA MATEMATIKE I

18

n shkall), kurse pr t shndrruar kndin nga radian n shkall, kndin e

180 o
180 o
shumzojm me
, pra =
( sht kndi i dhn i shprehur n radian).

Detyra 30. T shprehet n radian kndi = 1o.

Zgjidhja.
Meq 180 o = radian duke pjestuar t dy ant e barazis s msiprme me 180 kemi

3.14159...
1o =
radian =
0.017453 radian .
180
180
Detyra 31. T shprehet n shkall kndi = 1 radian.
Zgjidhja.
Veprojm ngjashm si n detyrn 1, me prjashtim se t dy ant e barazis
pjestojm me , me rast merret 1 radian =

180 o = radian i

180 o
57,29578 o = 57 o17' .
3.14159...

T shprehen n radian kndet:

Detyra 32. a) = 90o ;

b) = 30o ;

c) = 60o .

Zgjidhja.

, ku sht kndi i dhn i shprehur n shkall, pra:

180 o

Nga shnimi 2 kemi =

a) pr = 90 o kemi =

90 o = radian;
2
180 o

b)

radian ;
6

c)

radian.
3

T shprehen n shkall kndet:

Detyra 33. a) =

3
radian ;
2

b) =

5
radian ;
6

c) = 2.3 radian .

Zgjidhja.

180 o
, ku sht kndi i dhn i shprehur n radian, pra:

180 o 3
3
a) pr kndin =
kemi =

= 270 o ;

2
2
180 o
131.8 o .
b) 150 o ;
c) 2.3 radian= 2.3

Nga shnimi 2 kemi =

Detyra 34. T llogariten vlerat e funksioneve trigonometrike t kndit mes diagonales dhe bazs s
kubit.
Zgjidhja.
Le t jet BD = x. Nga zbatimi i teorems s Pitagors n trekndshin ABD merret x = a 2 . Le t
shnojm me y diagonalen e kubit. Nga zbatimi i teorems s Pitagors n trekndshin BDH
merret y = a 3.

Ather
sin =

a
a
1
3
=
=
=
;
y a 3
3
3

x a 2
cos = =
=
y a 3

2
3

a
a
2
tg = =
=
;
x a 2
2

H
E

F
y

D
x
A

Figura 21

I-HYRJE

19

Detyra 35. T vrtetohet identiteti

sin 3 cos 3
cos

2tg ctg + 1 = 0 .
sin cos
1 + ctg 2

Zgjidhja.

sin 3 cos 3
cos
(sin cos )(sin 2 + sin cos + cos 2 )

2tg ctg + 1 =

sin cos
sin cos
1 + ctg 2

= 1 + sin cos

cos
sin + cos 2
sin 2
2

cos
cos 2
1+
sin 2

2 +1

1 = sin cos sin cos 1 = 0 .

Detyra 36. T thjeshtohet shprehja

sin 750 o cos 390 o tg1140 o

.
ctg 405o sin 1860 o cos 780 o

Zgjidhja.

sin 750 o cos 390 o tg1140 o

sin(2 360 o + 30 o ) cos(360 o + 30 o ) tg (3 360 o + 60 o )
=
ctg 405o sin 1860 o cos 780 o ctg(360 o + 45 o ) sin(5 360 o + 60 o ) cos(2 360 o + 60 o )
1 3

3
sin 30 o cos 30 o tg 60 o
2 2
=
=
= 3.
ctg 45 o sin 60 o cos 60 o
3 1
1

2 2
T zgjidhen barazimet dhe mosbarazimet trigonometrike:

1 + cos 2 x

Detyra 37. cos x + + sin x + =

.
3
6
2

Zgjidhja.

1 + cos 2 x

1 + cos 2 x

cos x cos sin x sin + sin x cos + cos x sin =

cos x + + sin x + =
3
3
6
6
2
3
6
2

1
3
3
1
1 + cos 2 x
cos x
sin x +
sin x + cos x = cos 2 x sepse
= cos 2
2
2
2
2
2

cos x cos 2 x = 0 cos x(1 cos x) = 0

cos x = 0 1 cos x = 0 x =
Detyra 38. a) sin x >

+ 2k x = 2n, k , n Z .
2

1
1
n (0,2) ; b) sin x > ;
2
2

c) cos x >

3
;
2

d) ctgx > 2 ;

e) tgx > 1 .

Zgjidhja.
a) Nga figura shihet se sin

kurse sin OM , OC = OC2 > . Kndi OM , OC sht njri

2

1
5
= OA2 = = sin
,
6
2
6

C2

ndr kndet e intervalit (0,2) q plotson mosbarazimin

A2

e dhn. Rreze vektort, q pikn e fillimit e kan n O e

pikn e mbarimit n harkun ANB me boshtin Ox formojn

knde me vler m t madhe se kndi
se kndi

C
A

por m t vogl
6

1
5
5
. Pra sin x > pr x , .
6
2
6 6

Figura 22

b) Duke pasur parasysh se funksioni trigonometrik sinx sht funksion periodik me period 2,

ANALIZA MATEMATIKE I

20

rrjedh se zgjidhjet gjenden n

11

c) x 0,
,2 .
6
6

5
+ 2k < x <
+ 2k, k Z .
6
6

d) x (k, arcctg2 + k), k Z .

e) x + k, + k , k Z .
4
2

Detyra 39. sin x > sin 3 x, x (0,2) .

Zgjidhja.

x + 3x
x 3x
sin
> 0 2 cos 2 x sin( x) > 0 2 sin x cos 2 x > 0
2
2
sin x cos 2 x < 0 (sin x > 0 cos 2 x < 0) (sin x < 0 cos 2 x > 0)

sin x > sin 3 x sin x sin 3x > 0 2 cos

3
3

x (0, ) 2 x , ( x (, 2 ) 2 x 0, , 2
2
2
2
2

3
3
x (0, ) x , ( x (, 2 ) x 0, ,
4 4
4 4

3
x , .
4 4
Detyra 40. T vrtetohet mosbarazia

sin n + 2 x cos n + 2 x

+
> 1 pr 0 < x < dhe n N .
2
cos n x
sin n x

Zgjidhja.
Mosbarazin e shkruajm n formn

sin n x
cos n x
sin n+2 x cos n+2 x
2
2
2
+

+
sin
cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x 0
sin
x
cos
x

+
x
cos n x
sin n x
cos n x
sin n x
sin 2 x( tg n x 1) + cos 2 x(ctg n x 1) 0 sin 2 x(tg n x 1)

cos 2 x n
(tg x 1) 0.
tg n x

D.m.th. sin 2 x( tg n x 1) tg n x cos 2 x( tg n x 1) 0 (tg n x 1) (tg n + 2 x 1) 0.

Mosbarazia e fundit sht e vrtet, sepse tg n x dhe tg n+2 x jan njkohsisht t barabart me nj, m
t mdhenj se nj ose m t vegjl se nj.
P.sh. Le t tregojm se nse tg n x 0 ather tg n+ 2 x 0 . Supozojm t kundrtn, pra se tg n+ 2 x < 0 .
Ather tg n+ 2 x = tg n x tg 2 x < 0 . Meq tg n x > 0 mbetet q tg 2 x < 0 q paraqet kontradiksion. Ngjashm
tregohen edhe rastet tjera.
Detyra 41. T vrtetohet se nse x1 x2 dhe x1 , x2 (0, ) , ather vlen sin

x1 + x2 sin x1 + sin x2
>
.
2
2

Zgjidhja.
Shqyrtojm ndryshimin
x + x2 sin x1 + sin x2
x + x2
sin 1

= sin 1

2
2
2
x + x2
x x2
.
= 2 sin 1
sin 2 1
2
4

2 sin

Kur x1 (0, ) dhe x2 (0, ) ather edhe

Pra vlen sin

x1 + x2
x x
cos 1 2
x + x2
2
2
= sin 1
2
2

x1 x2

1 cos 2

x1 + x2
x + x2
(0, ) kshtu q 2sin 1
> 0.
2
2

x1 + x2 sin x1 + sin x2
x + x2 sin x1 + sin x2

> 0, d.m.th. sin 1

>
.
2
2
2
2