TypicaI Graph

This is an exampIe
of a typicaI graph we
are aII famiIiar with.
The graph is made
up of different
"points" with Iines
that connect
the points.
TypicaI Graph
Each point has
two vaIues:
The "X" vaIue
that runs aIong
the horizontaI "X"
axis
The "Y" vaIue
that runs aIong
the verticaI "Y"
axis
Y axis
X axis
TypicaI Graph
X vaIue is aIways
stated first
FoIIowed by the Y
vaIue
The "origin" is
the point where the 2
axes intersect with a
vaIue of (0,0)
(0,0)
(3,8)
Y
X
(9,5)
East West, North South on The Earth
Let the X axis be the
Equator.
Let the Y axis be the
Prime Meridian
that runs through
Greenwich outside
of London.
Latitude and
Longitude are the 2 grid
points by which you can
Iocate any point on
earth.
Y
X
East West, North South on the Earth
Let each of
the four
quarters then
be designated
by North or
South and
East or West.
N
S
E W
East West, North South on the Earth
The N teIIs us
we're north of the
Equator. The S teIIs
us we're south of
the Equator.
The E teIIs us that
we're east of the
Prime Meridian. The
W teIIs us that
we're west of the
Prime Meridian.
(N, W) (N, E)
(S, W) (S, E)
East West, North South on the Earth
That means aII
points in North
America wiII have a
North Iatitude and a
West Iongitude
because it is North
of the Equator and
West of the Prime
Meridian.
(N, W)
Prime Meridian
East West, North South on the Earth
What wouId be
the Iatitude and
Iongitude
directions in
AustraIia?
Prime Meridian
South and East!
Correct!
What is Latitude?
Latitude is the
distance from the
equator aIong the Y
axis.
AII points aIong the
equator have a vaIue
of 0 degrees Iatitude.
North poIe = 90HN
South poIe = 90HS
'aIues are
expressed in terms of
degrees.
Y
X
90HS
90HN
What is Latitude?
Each degree
of Iatitude is
divided into
60 minutes.
Each minute
is divided into
60 seconds.
Y
X
90HS
90HN
This is aIso true of Iongitude.
What is Latitude?
For ExampIe:
39H, 57',51''N
This is cIose
to the Iatitude
where you Iive.
Y
X
90HS
90HN
What is Longitude?
Longitude is the
distance from the
prime meridian aIong
the X axis.
AII points aIong the
prime meridian have a
vaIue of 0 degrees
Iongitude.
The earth is divided
into two parts, or
hemispheres, of
east and west
Iongitude.
Y
X
180HW
180HE
What is Longitude?
The earth is
divided into 360
equaI sIices
(meridians)
180 west and
180 east of the
prime meridian
Y
X
180HW
180HE
What is Latitude?
Our Iatitude
and Iongitude
might be:
39H, 57',13''N
75H, 10', 45''W
Y
X
90HS
90HN
So Where is (0,0)?
The origin
point (0,0) is
where the
equator
intersects the
prime
meridian.
(0,0) is off the
western coast
of Africa in the
AtIantic Ocean.
See If You Can TeII In Which
Quarter These Longitudes and
Latitudes Are Located
1. 41HN, 21HE
2. 37HN, 76HW
3. 72HS, 141HW
4. 7HS, 23HW
5. 15HN, 29HE
6. 34HS, 151HE
A B
C
D
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. C
5. B
6. D
Equofor Lofifude 0
o
Lutitude: {90
o
M fo 90
o
S)
Lofifude Z3
o
Morfh Tropic of Concer
Lofifude Z3
o
Soufh
Tropic of Copricorn
Longifude 30
o
Eosf
Longifude o0
o
Eosf
Longifude 30
o
Wesf
Longifude o0
o
Wesf
Posifioning on fhe Eorfh's Surfoce
Eosf is fhe direcfion of
rofofion of fhe Eorfh
Morfh PoIe
Soufh PoIe
Z3
o
Z3
o
oo
o
90
o
90
0
ZI
sf
June
ZZ
nd
December
ZZ
nd
Sepf
Z0
fh
Morch
30
o
E o0
o
E 90
o
E 90
o
W 30
o
W o0
o
W
Longifude 90
o
Eosf
Longifude 90
o
Wesf
Prime Meridion
0
o
Longifude
Longitude: (I80
o
E fo I80
o
W)
Lofifude ond Longifude fogefher enobIe fhe fixing of posifion on fhe Eorfh's surfoce.
Now you're ready to
find some Iocations on
a map!