Study of aracons|stent Art|f|c|a| Neura|

In of A|zhe|mers D|sease D|agnos|s

Pelder l S Lopes
12
!alr Mlnoro Abe
2
and 8enaLo Anghlnah
1
1
ueparLmenL of 8ehavloral and CognlLlve ulsorders laculLy of Medlclne unlverslLy of So aulo 8razll (CL8LulC PC lM uS CnCC PC lM uS)
2
lnsLlLuLe for Advanced SLudles unlverslLy of So aulo 8razll (lLA uS)
Cb[ect|ve
Introduct|on
Methods
kesu|ts
Conc|us|on
ln Lhls sLudy lL was used a new class of Ann namely Lhe araconslsLenL ArLlflclal
neural neLwork (Ann) whlch ls capable of handllng uncerLaln lnconslsLenL and
paracompleLe lnformaLlon for recognlzlng predeLermlned paLLerns of LLC acLlvlLy and
Lo assess lLs value as a posslble complemenLary meLhod for Au dlagnosls
1hlrLy Lhree Au paLlenLs and LhlrLy four conLrols paLlenLs of LLC records were
obLalned durlng relaxed wakefulness (Lable 1) lL was consldered as normal paLlenL
paLLern Lhe background LLC acLlvlLy beLween 80 Pz and 120 Pz (wlLh an average
frequency of 100 Pz) allowlng a range of 03 Pz
Lach exam was submlLLed Lo quanLlLaLlve and quallLaLlve analysls of Ann (llg 1)
Lo deLermlne lLs dlagnoses
1he Ann was able Lo recognlze waves LhaL belonglng Lo Lhelr respecLlve bands of
cllnlcal use (LheLa delLa alpha and beLa) leadlng Lo an agreemenL wlLh Lhe cllnlcal
dlagnosls aL 80 of senslLlvlLy and aL 73 of speclflclLy
SupporLed by resulLs Lhe Ann could be a promlslng Lool Lo manlpulaLe LLC
analysls bearlng ln mlnd Lhe followlng conslderaLlons Lhe growlng lnLeresL of
speclallsLs ln LLC vlsual analysls and Lhe ablllLy of Lhe Ann Lo deal ln dlrecLly
lmpreclse lnconslsLenL and paracompleLe daLa provldlng an lnLeresLlng quanLlLaLlve
and quallLaLlve analysls
1he vlsual analysls of elecLroencephalogram (LLC) acLlvlLy has shown useful as a
auxlllary Lool ln Alzhelmer dlsease (Au dlagnosls) when Lhe dlagnosls remalns
uncerLaln ln addlLlon Lo be used ln some cllnlcal proLocols
Powever Lhls analysls ls sub[ecL Lo Lhe lnherenL equlpmenL lmpreclslon blologlcal
arLlfacL elecLrlcal records and sub[ecLlve physlclan lnLerpreLaLlon of Lhe vlsual
analysls varlaLlon
1he araconslsLenL ArLlflclal neural neLwork (Ann) could be a helpful Lool
approprlaLe Lo address problems such as predlcLlon and paLLern recognlLlon under Lhe
presenceof fuzlnness and lnconslsLencles
Norma| |nd|v|dua|s
Contro| group
robab|e AD |nd|v|dua|s
AD group
Men 8 6
Women 26 27
Mean age 6138 68
Schoo||ng 812 621
MMSL 2433 2038
1ab|e 1 Group of |nd|v|dua|s of study (p 08496) Men Ma|e pat|ents Women Iema|e pat|ents Mean age
Mean age of pat|ents Schoo||ng Mean years of study pat|ents MMSL Mean po|nt of M|n|meta| state
exam|nat|on
uotobose
wove pottetos
C exoms
lotocooslsteot loqlc Aoolysls
Ooootlflcotloo of C slqools
lANN Aoolysls
lteJlctloo ltoboble Au ot Notmol
I|gure 1 rocess|ng scheme of the method Wave patterns (de|ta theta a|pha e beta) are stored
|n a database 1he ana|ys|s performed w|th aracons|stent Log|c quant|f|es the LLG s|gna|s 8ased
on the quant|f|cat|ons the ANN processes th|s |nformat|on resu|t|ng |n two outputs robab|e AD
ou Norma|
lavorable evldence
C
o
n
L
r
a
r
y
L
v
ld
e
n
c
e

0
1
1
I|gure 2 Latt|ce of morpho|og|ca| ana|ys|s I |s
|og|ca| state Ia|se V |s |og|c state 1rue
I|gure 3 Latt|ce of ANN ana||sys Area 1 Log|ca|
state Ia|se (AD ||ke|y be|ow average popu|at|on) 2
Log|ca| state Nearrea| (AD ||ke|y than average
popu|at|on) Area 3 Log|ca| state StateA|most
(Norma| be|ow average popu|at|on) Area 4 Log|ca|
state 1rue (Norma| above average popu|at|on) Area
S Log|ca| state of uncerta|nty (not used |n the study
area)
lavorable evldence
C
o
n
L
r
a
r
y
L
v
ld
e
n
c
e
0
1
1
4
3 2 1
S
ANC A araconslsLenL arLlflclal neural cell of
analyLlc connecLlon
ANCLsMax araconslsLenL arLlflclal neural
cell of slmple loglc connecLlon of
maxlmlzaLlon
ANCLsM|n araconslsLenL arLlflclal neural
cell of slmple loglc connecLlon of
mlnlmlzaLlon
Itce CerLalnLy Lolerance facLor
Itct ConLradlcLlonLolerance facLor
Sa CuLpuL of C1 cell
Sb CuLpuL of C2 cell
Sc CuLpuL of C3 cell
Sd CuLpuL of C4 cell
Se CuLpuL of C3 cell
Sf CuLpuL of C6 cell
Sg CuLpuL of C7 cell
C ComplemenLedvalue of lnpuL
r value of ouLpuL of Ann
I|gure 4 A dec|s|onmak|ng arch|tecture for g|oba| ana|ys|s 1hree expert systems operate A for detect|ng the
d|m|n|sh|ng average frequency |eve| 8 for A|pha band concentrat|on and C for 1heta band concentrat|on
AD at|ent Norma| |nd|v|dua| 1ota|
AD at|ent 3382 1493 3073
Norma| |nd|v|dua| 896 4030 4923
1ota| 4478 3322 10000
1ab|e 3 kesu|ts obta|ned |n the study kappa score 076 Sens|b|||ty 080 Spec|f|c|ty 073
6o/d 5tondord
P
4
N
N
Iormu|as
Morpho|og|ca|
ana|ys|s
vt number of wave peaks of Lhe exam
d number of Lhe wave peaks belng compared
(paLLern sLored ln Lhe daLabase)
f lavorable evldence
n 1oLal of elemenLs
o Maxlmum ampllLuLe
j AcLual elemenL
c ConLrary evldence
Lxpert
system 1 A
(I|g 4)
lavorab|e ev|dence () normallzed values
ranglng from 0 (corresponds Lo 100 or
greaLer frequency loss) Lo 1 (whlch corresponds
Lo 0 of frequency loss)
ConLrary evldence
lavorable evldence
Lxpert
system 2 8
(I|g 4)
favorableevldence
A Alpha band concenLraLlon
8 8eLa band concenLraLlon
D uelLa band concenLraLlon
1 1heLa band concenLraLlon
ConLrary evldence
e a evldncla favorvel
A Alpha band concenLraLlon
8 8eLa band concenLraLlon
D uelLa band concenLraLlon
1 1heLa band concenLraLlon
ConLrary evldence
lavorable evldence
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1ab|e 2 Iormu|as of the methodo|ogy
ne|der Ireder|co da S||va Lopes ema|| he|derfred|opesQuspbr
keferences
1 Abe!M lundamenLos da Lglca AnoLada (ln orLuguese) hu 1hesls llLCP uS Soaulo 8razll 133 pp 1992
2 Abe !M PlS Lopes and 8 Anghlnah araconslsLenL ArLlflclal neural neLwork and Alzhelmer ulsease A rellmlnary SLudy
uemenLla neuropsychologla vol 3 241247 2007
3 Abe !M PlS Lopes and 8 Anghlnah 2011 araconslsLenL arLlflclal neural neLworks and LLC analysls lnL ! 8easonlngbased
lnLelllgenL SysLems 3 113123 uCl 101304/l!8lS2011042266
4 uA SlLvA llLPC !l CL 1C88LS !M A8L uncerLalnLy 1reaLmenL uslng araconslsLenL Loglc lnLroduclng araconslsLenL ArLlflclal
neural neLworks lCS ress Polanda vol 211 lS8n9781607303370 dol 103233/9781607303387l 328pp 2010
3 LCLS P l S A8L ! M AnCPlnAP 8 AppllcaLlon of araconslsLenL ArLlflclal neural neLworks as a MeLhod of Ald ln Lhe
ulagnosls of Alzhelmer ulsease !ournal of Medlcal SysLems lSSn01483398 (rlnL) 1373689x (Cnllne) SprlngerneLherlands 2009
6 Lopes PlS Apllcao de redes neurals arLlflclals paraconslsLenLes como meLodo de auxlllo no dlagnsLlco da doena de Alzhelmer
MSc ulsserLaLlon (ln orLuguese) laculdadede MedlclnauS Soaulo 473pp 2009
7 8erger L Morrls !C ulagnosls ln Alzhelmer ulasease new ?ork 8eaven ress LLd 1994 923
Lxpert
system 3 C
(I|g 4)
I|gure S 1he f|na| dec|s|onmak|ng |att|ce of the rev|ew process of ANN w|th the resu|t of the 67 exam|nat|ons
Area 1 State |og|ca| Ia|se (AD ||ke|y be|ow average popu|at|on) 2 State |og|ca| Nearrea| (AD ||ke|y than average
popu|at|on) Area 3 StateA|most |og|ca| fa|se (Norma| be|ow average popu|at|on) Area 4 State |og|ca| 1rue
(Norma| above average popu|at|on) Area S |og|ca| state of uncerta|nty (not used |n the study area)