2. 63 EME) pet y? 4015/3) ¢ (5/3) In the case of @ solution, the surface tension has been caloulated in [1] and substitution in (5) gives u = (2T/m,)!/*, which corresponds to a speed of sound in a two-dimensional monotonic ideal gas. This result is valid at high temperatures, when the impurities are far from degeneracy. If the impurities are strongly degenerate, then the velocity of the surface second sound is equal tous ay, 7g )(au/2N, ), where » is the chemical potential of the impurities, mf is the eftective tase, which differs from m, because of the Fermi-liquid interaction between the impurities. Since at T= 0 the velocity uis of the order of the velocity of ordinary sound, it is clear that the function u(T) has a minimum at a certain temperature. The presence of a volume normal component leads to a certain damping of the surface sound. This damping is small if the frequency is not too low. Namely, the following two conditions should be satisfied rede where a is the interatomic distance, @ is the Debye temperature of the liquid helium, s is the velocity of the second sound, M is the effective mass of the impurities in the volume, and g is the acceleration of free fall. At T © 0.1°K and at concentrations cv 107 - 10-*, the surface normal component can be regarded as atomic, i.e., v, v M/aZ, and the written formas Jead respectively to the conditions w >> 10* = 10 and w >> 107? (we have put @ = 10K An experimental study of the surface second sound would be of great inter- est, since it would make 1t possible to clarify the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of a two-dimensional Fermi liquid. [1] A.P. Andreev, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Piz. 50, 1415 (1966) [Sov. Phys.-JETP 23, 939 (1966)]. [2] K.N. Zinov'eva and S.T. Boldarev, ibid. 56, 1089 (1969) [29, 585 (1969)]. [3] K-R. Atkins, Canad. J. Phys. 31,°1165 (1953). ACCUMULATING NONLINEAR OPTICAL EFFECTS IN A PUMP FIELD WITH A BROAD FREQUENCY SPECTRUM S.A. Akhmanov, Yu.E. D'yakov, and A.S. Chiricin Physies Department of the Moscow State University Submitted 13 May 1971 ZHETF Pis. Red. 13, No. 12, 724 - 728 (20 June 1971) 1. In the present article we discuss the possibility of realizing an ex- perimental growth of the intensity of light waves as a result of nonlinear interaction (Raman or parametric) with broad-band incoherent pumping. 2. Theoretical investigations of Raman and parametric processes in a noise pumping field carried out to date, do not give the complete picture of the Suphenomenon. ‘The theory of SRS and SMBS in an incoherent pumping field has been developed only for a nondispersive medium (see [5 - 7]). There are only partial results with respect to parametric amplification [8, 9]. We have developed a theory [13] of parametric and Raman processes in an incoherent pumping field, with account taken of the finite relaxation time of the nonlinearity and the dispersion of the medium. Tt is shown that although the broadening of the pump spectrum, generally speaking, lowers the efficiency of the indicated processes, an Increase of the spectral density of the pumping is capable of compensating for this effect!), namely, the effective band auf*F of the frequency (or angular) spectrum of the pump, involved in the proc- ess of amplifying a given spectral component of the signal, is determined by the ratio of the nonlinearity of the medium to its dispersion and is directly proportional to the average spectral density of the pump. 3. Nonstationary SRS in a given pump field A,[t - (2/a,)] is described by equations for the complex amplitude of the Stokes wave A, and the nond{agonal element of the density matrix o [61: 1 aA, As = 1h oS neg =) Qa) a % ao 1 . 2 oceans) nA AS ( -—): (1b) eT, “ ‘The character of the scattering procegs depends on the relation between 4, and the characteristic band 4u = (vz)~", which is determined by the length of the scattering region z and by the dispersion of the velocities v = Juz? - up*|. When tu, << du (regardless of the ratio between Au and du, = 2/T,), the average intensity of the Stokes wave increases exponentially with increasing distance, < IAL (A> = IG)= lin OP Soon? + Soon = Solp> @) where &» = 2yiy2T (all the parameters are henceforth normalized so that the quantities «|i? }>S't, "nave tne ainension of the power density). When oy > busy» du the pump amplitude in (1) can be regarded as a 6-correlated random process: SARIDAS 1) > = 2HS8(t 1), S = bp/May a) and the Stokes field ean be regarded as a Markov process. The solution of Eqs. (1), obtained by reducing them to a Fokker-Planck equation, makes 1t pos- sible to obtain the following expression for the intensity of the Stokes wave in the cross section 2: qhe foregoing does not pertain to the case when the pump parameters vary in a regular fashion: for example, in the case of a sufficiently rapid linear variation of the pump there occurs a sharp decrease of the gain for any pump level [10]. 515©) = faytP incon? incon a) eft Fro a comparison of (2) and (4) it follows that Aw = Aw, /(2/m = Segv7*) increases rapidly with increasing spectral density of the pump (see the figure). At S = S.., = 2v/mg,, expression (#) has a singularity, and near the criti- cal value of S the line width of the Stokes component is 4 wo, - + Aust . Aes = 7 Aes The validity of the Fokker-Planck approximation is limited to the region eft. da, < du(S < $,,), d-e-, (Aus"*),., = (w/4)bu,. In the region $ > S,,, the quasistatic formula (2) is valid (see the figure). Analogous results can be obtained also for other types of scattering, particularly for SMBS and STS. 4. We consider now parametric amplification (PA) in a pump field randomly modulated in space and in time. If the average signal and pump frequencies differ by a factor of 2, we can write for the complex amplitude A, of the amplified signal and the expression [8, 9] (5) where =k, - 2k, is the difference between the average wave vectors. In the essentially nonquasistatic case (Au, = TZ}, >> (vz)7?s the width of the angular spectrum of the pump is A@ = to), >> O0,5,4, = (82)7"), the pump can be re~ garded as a 6-correlated process in space and in time. Then the average in- tensity of the signal wave in the section of the nonlinear medium (at the input, z = 0, the signal wave is assumed to be plane and mono- chromatic) <1AZ (ty x a> = 1G) = fy gexpl iy? lon Set, ben (= + £Y' (6) (in the field of monoch omatiec pumping at \ = 0 Relative effective width Iya) = Igy exp 2CVTy = 8 )z 1) of the pump spectrum n = 3G) = toe xP 12 CVip = 3 )2 1) aust F/ou,, contributing For the effective width of the frequency spec- m ump nin thi Cag een eles the pump we obtain in this case seattering (curve 1) and auf (any/v)?8. to parametric amplifica- | tion (curve 2), as a func- 5. For the calculations, we write the tion of the average spec: tral density of the pump. la for n the following form: for mula for S,,, in the following 516